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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>3.4. package / compress and decompress</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="..//docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="shell,bash,zsh, awk,sed,curl,expect, grep,sort" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Netkiller Linux Shell 手札" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="第 3 章 Shell command" /><link rel="prev" href="directory.html" title="3.3. Directory and File System Related" /><link rel="next" href="datatime.html" title="3.5. date and time" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="http://www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> |
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<a xmlns="" href="mailto:netkiller@msn.com">Email</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">3.4. package / compress and decompress</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="directory.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 3 章 Shell command</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="datatime.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="http://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="http://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="http://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="package"></a>3.4. package / compress and decompress</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="tar"></a>3.4.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931428032"></a>3.4.1.1. tar examples</h4></div></div></div>
<p>tar</p>
<pre class="screen">
tar -cvf foo.tar foo/
tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar
tar -xvf foo.tar
extract foo.tar
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931426272"></a>3.4.1.2. gunzip</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
tar -zcvf foo.tar foo/
tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.gz
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz
extract gzipped foo.tar.gz
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931424384"></a>3.4.1.3. b2zip</h4></div></div></div>
<span class="command"><strong>b2zip</strong></span>
<pre class="screen">
tar -jcvf foo.tar.bz2 foo/
tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf foo.tar.bz2
extract b2zip foo.tar.bz2
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931422496"></a>3.4.1.4. compress</h4></div></div></div>
<span class="command"><strong>compress/uncompress</strong></span>
<pre class="screen">
tar -Zcvf foo.tar.Z foo/
tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.Z
tar -Zxvf foo.tar.Z
extract compress foo.tar.Z
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931420576"></a>3.4.1.5. -t, --list</h4></div></div></div>
<p>-t, --list list the contents of an archive</p>
<p>列出tar包中的文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
tar tvf neo.tar.gz
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
# mkdir -p /www/test.com/www.test.com/
# echo helloworld > /www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# tar zcvf www.test.com.tar.gz /www/test.com/www.test.com/
# tar ztvf www.test.com.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-08-08 15:24 www/test.com/www.test.com/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 11 2013-08-08 15:24 www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# find www
www
www/test.com
www/test.com/www.test.com
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931417936"></a>3.4.1.6. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names</h4></div></div></div>
<p>-P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ tar -czvPf neo.tar.gz /home/neo/
$ tar -xzvPf neo.tar.gz
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931415456"></a>3.4.1.7. -C, --directory=DIR</h4></div></div></div>
<p>-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR</p>
<p>解压到目标目录</p>
<pre class="screen">
tar -xzvf neo.tar.gz -C /tmp
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz -C /tmp
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# find /tmp/www/
/tmp/www/
/tmp/www/test.com
/tmp/www/test.com/www.test.com
/tmp/www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# rm -rf /www/test.com/*
# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz -C /
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# find /www/test.com/
/www/test.com/
/www/test.com/www.test.com
/www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931412848"></a>3.4.1.8. -P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
tar zcvfP www.test.com.tar.gz /www/test.com/www.test.com/
tar zxvfP www.test.com.tar.gz
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931410800"></a>3.4.1.9. --exclude</h4></div></div></div>
<p>排除neo目录</p>
<pre class="screen">
tar --exclude /home/neo -zcvf myfile.tar.gz /home/* /etc
tar zcvf rpmbuild/SOURCES/netkiller-1.0.tar.gz ~/workspace/public_html/* --exclude .git --exclude .svn
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931408864"></a>3.4.1.10. -T </h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
find . -name "*.jpg" -print >list
tar -T list -czvf picture.tar.gz
find /etc/ | tar czvf xxx1.tar.gz -T -
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931407456"></a>3.4.1.11. 日期过滤</h4></div></div></div>
<p>打包 2010/08/01 之后的文件和目录</p>
<pre class="screen">
tar -N '2010/08/01' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931405568"></a>3.4.1.12. 保留权限</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
tar -zxvpf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931404288"></a>3.4.1.13. -r, --append</h4></div></div></div>
<p>追加最近7天更改过的文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
find / -type f -mtime -7 | xargs tar -rf weekly_incremental.tar
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931402448"></a>3.4.1.14. 远程传输</h4></div></div></div>
<span class="command"><strong>tar -jcpvf - file | ssh remote "tar -jxpvf -"</strong></span>
<pre class="screen">
tar -jcpvf - file.php | ssh root@172.16.3.1 "tar -jxpvf -"
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931400496"></a>3.4.1.15. 分卷压缩</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
分卷压缩一个目录：如doc
在doc目录的上次目录
#tar cvf doc | split -b 2m (已2M大小分卷压缩)
#cat x* > doc.tar (合成分卷压缩包)
</pre>
<p>或者</p>
<pre class="screen">
#tar czvf doc.tar.gz doc/
#tar czvfp - doc.tar.gz | split -b 5m
#cat x* > doc.tar.gz
查看压缩包里面的内容:
#tar -tf doc.tar
#tar -tzvf doc.tar.gz
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="cpio"></a>3.4.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives</h3></div></div></div>
<p></p>
<span class="command"><strong></strong></span>
<pre class="screen">
find /opt -print | cpio -o > opt.cpio
find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print | cpio -o | gzip >sh.cpio.gz
cpio –i < opt.cpio
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="gzip"></a>3.4.3. gzip</h3></div></div></div>
<span class="command"><strong>gzip/gunzip</strong></span>
<pre class="screen">
# ls access.2010-{10,11}-??.log
access.2010-10-01.log access.2010-10-17.log access.2010-11-02.log access.2010-11-18.log
access.2010-10-02.log access.2010-10-18.log access.2010-11-03.log access.2010-11-19.log
access.2010-10-03.log access.2010-10-19.log access.2010-11-04.log access.2010-11-20.log
access.2010-10-04.log access.2010-10-20.log access.2010-11-05.log access.2010-11-21.log
access.2010-10-05.log access.2010-10-21.log access.2010-11-06.log access.2010-11-22.log
access.2010-10-06.log access.2010-10-22.log access.2010-11-07.log access.2010-11-23.log
access.2010-10-07.log access.2010-10-23.log access.2010-11-08.log access.2010-11-24.log
access.2010-10-08.log access.2010-10-24.log access.2010-11-09.log access.2010-11-25.log
access.2010-10-09.log access.2010-10-25.log access.2010-11-10.log access.2010-11-26.log
access.2010-10-10.log access.2010-10-26.log access.2010-11-11.log access.2010-11-27.log
access.2010-10-11.log access.2010-10-27.log access.2010-11-12.log access.2010-11-28.log
access.2010-10-12.log access.2010-10-28.log access.2010-11-13.log access.2010-11-29.log
access.2010-10-13.log access.2010-10-29.log access.2010-11-14.log access.2010-11-30.log
access.2010-10-14.log access.2010-10-30.log access.2010-11-15.log
access.2010-10-15.log access.2010-10-31.log access.2010-11-16.log
access.2010-10-16.log access.2010-11-01.log access.2010-11-17.log
# gzip access.2010-{10,11}-??.log
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
# ls access.2010-{0?,10,11}-??.log
access.2010-08-28.log access.2010-10-02.log access.2010-10-13.log access.2010-10-27.log access.2010-11-06.log access.2010-11-17.log access.2010-11-26.log
access.2010-08-31.log access.2010-10-03.log access.2010-10-14.log access.2010-10-28.log access.2010-11-08.log access.2010-11-18.log access.2010-11-27.log
access.2010-09-24.log access.2010-10-04.log access.2010-10-15.log access.2010-10-29.log access.2010-11-09.log access.2010-11-19.log access.2010-11-28.log
access.2010-09-25.log access.2010-10-06.log access.2010-10-17.log access.2010-10-30.log access.2010-11-10.log access.2010-11-20.log access.2010-11-29.log
access.2010-09-26.log access.2010-10-07.log access.2010-10-19.log access.2010-10-31.log access.2010-11-11.log access.2010-11-21.log access.2010-11-30.log
access.2010-09-27.log access.2010-10-08.log access.2010-10-20.log access.2010-11-02.log access.2010-11-12.log access.2010-11-22.log
access.2010-09-29.log access.2010-10-09.log access.2010-10-22.log access.2010-11-03.log access.2010-11-14.log access.2010-11-23.log
access.2010-09-30.log access.2010-10-10.log access.2010-10-23.log access.2010-11-04.log access.2010-11-15.log access.2010-11-24.log
access.2010-10-01.log access.2010-10-12.log access.2010-10-25.log access.2010-11-05.log access.2010-11-16.log access.2010-11-25.log
# gzip access.2010-{0?,10,11}-??.log &
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="zip"></a>3.4.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files</h3></div></div></div>
<p>*.zip</p>
<span class="command"><strong>zip/unzip file[.zip]</strong></span>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="rar"></a>3.4.5. RAR</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
sudo apt-get install rar unrar
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="7zip"></a>3.4.6. 7-Zip</h3></div><div><h4 class="subtitle">p7zip - 7z file archiver with high compression ratio</h4></div></div></div>
<p>http://www.7-zip.org/</p>
<p>如果你仅仅是解压文件，只需安装下面的包即可</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ sudo apt-get install p7zip
</pre>
<p>如果你要创建7zip文件就需要安装p7zip-full</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
</pre>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931382880"></a>3.4.6.1. 压缩</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ 7z a test.7z /etc/*
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931381344"></a>3.4.6.2. 浏览压缩包</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ 7z l test.7z
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931380096"></a>3.4.6.3. 解压</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ 7z e test.7z
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm45249931378752"></a>3.4.6.4. Creates self extracting archive.</h4></div></div></div>
<p>创建自解压文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
7z a -sfx a.7z *.txt
</pre>
<p>解压</p>
<pre class="screen">
./a.7z
</pre>
</div>
</div>
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