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‎Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md‎

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In this part, we'll start with the absolute basics of Python.
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## Reading
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### What is Python?
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Python is an interpreted high level programming language. It is often classified as a

‎Notes/01_Introduction/02_Hello_world.md‎

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This section discusses the creation of your first program, running the interpreter,
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and some basic debugging.
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## Reading
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### Running Python
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Python programs run inside an interpreter.

‎Notes/01_Introduction/04_Strings.md‎

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This section covers the basics of text manipulation.
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## Reading
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### Representing Text
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String are text literals written in programs with quotes.
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### String escape codes
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Escape codes are used to represent control characters and characters that can't be easily typed
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at the keyboard. Here are some common escape codes:
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```
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'\n' Line feed
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'\r' Carriage return
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'\"' Literal double quote
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'\\'` Literal backslash
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```
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These codes are inspired by C.
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### String Representation
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<!-- TODO: Add Picture of following characters -->
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```python
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a = '\xf1' # a = 'ñ'
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b = '\u2200' # b = '∀'
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c = '\U0001D122' # c = '𝄢'
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a = '\xf1' # a = 'ñ'
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b = '\u2200' # b = '∀'
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c = '\U0001D122' # c = '𝄢'
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d = '\N{FORALL}' # d = '∀'
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```
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```python
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s = 'Hello world'
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t = s.replace('Hello' , 'Hallo')
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t = s.replace('Hello' , 'Hallo') # 'Hallo world'
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```
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**More string methods:**
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Strings have a wide variety of other methods for testing and manipulating the text data:
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```python
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s.endswith(suffix) # Check if string ends with suffix
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s.find(t) # First occurrence of t in s
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s.startswith(prefix) # Check if string starts with prefix
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s.strip() # Strip leading/trailing space
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s.upper() # Convert to upper case
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```
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### String Mutability
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Strings are "immutable". They are read only.
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Strings are "immutable" or read-only.
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Once created, the value can't be changed.
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```python
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### Raw Strings
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String with uninterpreted backslash.
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Raw strings are strings with uninterpreted backslash. They are little by prefixing the initial quote with a lowercase "r".
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```python
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>>> rs = r'c:\newdata\test' # Raw (uninterpreted backslash)
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>>> rs
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'c:\\newdata\\test'
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```
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String is the literal text, exactly as typed.
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The string is the literal text, exactly as typed.
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This is useful in situations where the backslash has special significance. Example: filename, regular expressions, etc.
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### f-Strings
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String with formatted expression substitution.
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A string with formatted expression substitution.
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```python
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>>> name = 'IBM'
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>>>
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```
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**Note: Requires Python 3.6 or newer.**
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**Note: This requires Python 3.6 or newer.**
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## Exercises 1.4
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## Exercises
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In this exercise, we experiment with operations on Python's string type.

‎Notes/01_Introduction/05_Lists.md‎

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This section introduces lists, one of Python's basic objects for storing collections of data.
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## Reading
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### Creating a List
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Use square brackets to create a list:
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Specifically, lists don't represent vectors/matrices as in MATLAB, Octave, IDL, etc.
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However, there are some packages to help you with that (e.g. numpy).
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## Exercises 1.5
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## Exercises
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In this exercise, we experiment with Python's list datatype. In the last exercise, you worked with strings containing stock symbols.
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‎Notes/01_Introduction/06_Files.md‎

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This section discusses the basics of working with files.
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### File Input and Output
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Open a file.
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...
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```
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## Exercises 1.6
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## Exercises
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This exercise depends on a file `Data/portfolio.csv`. The file contains a list of lines with information on a portfolio of stocks.
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Locate the file and look at its contents:
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*Note: Make sure you are running Python in a location where you can access the `portfolio.csv` file.
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You can find out where Python thinks it's running by doing this:
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```python
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```pycon
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>>> import os
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>>> os.getcwd()
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'/Users/beazley/Desktop/practical-python' # Output vary

‎Notes/01_Introduction/07_Functions.md‎

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As your programs start to get larger, you'll want to get organized. This section
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introduces functions. Error handling with exceptions is also introduced.
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### Custom Functions
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Use functions for code you want to reuse. Here is a function definition:
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RuntimeError: What a kerfuffle
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```
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## Exercises 1.7
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## Exercises
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### (a) Defining a function
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‎_layouts/default.html‎

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="{{ site.lang | default: "en-US" }}">
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<head>
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{% if site.google_analytics %}
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<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id={{ site.google_analytics }}"></script>
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<script>
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window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
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function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
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gtag('js', new Date());
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gtag('config', '{{ site.google_analytics }}');
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</script>
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{% endif %}
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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{% seo %}
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#157878">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ '/assets/css/style.css?v=' | append: site.github.build_revision | relative_url }}">
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</head>
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<body>
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<a id="skip-to-content" href="#content">Skip to the content.</a>
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<header class="page-header" role="banner">
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<h1 class="project-name">Practical Python Programming</h1>
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<h2 class="project-tagline">A course by @dabeaz</h2>
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<!--{% if site.github.is_project_page %}
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<a href="{{ site.github.repository_url }}" class="btn">View on GitHub</a>
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{% endif %}
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-->
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{% if site.show_downloads %}
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<a href="{{ site.github.zip_url }}" class="btn">Download .zip</a>
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<a href="{{ site.github.tar_url }}" class="btn">Download .tar.gz</a>
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{% endif %}
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</header>
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<main id="content" class="main-content" role="main">
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{{ content }}
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<footer class="site-footer">
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{% if site.github.is_project_page %}
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<span class="site-footer-owner"><a href="{{ site.github.repository_url }}">{{ site.github.repository_name }}</a> is maintained by <a href="{{ site.github.owner_url }}">{{ site.github.owner_name }}</a>.</span>
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