import numpy import random import cloudpickle import time import warnings import concurrent.futures import inspect import logging from pygad import utils from pygad import helper from pygad import visualize class GA(utils.parent_selection.ParentSelection, utils.crossover.Crossover, utils.mutation.Mutation, helper.unique.Unique, visualize.plot.Plot): supported_int_types = [int, numpy.int8, numpy.int16, numpy.int32, numpy.int64, numpy.uint, numpy.uint8, numpy.uint16, numpy.uint32, numpy.uint64] supported_float_types = [float, numpy.float16, numpy.float32, numpy.float64] supported_int_float_types = supported_int_types + supported_float_types def __init__(self, num_generations, num_parents_mating, fitness_func, fitness_batch_size=None, initial_population=None, sol_per_pop=None, num_genes=None, init_range_low=-4, init_range_high=4, gene_type=float, parent_selection_type="sss", keep_parents=-1, keep_elitism=1, K_tournament=3, crossover_type="single_point", crossover_probability=None, mutation_type="random", mutation_probability=None, mutation_by_replacement=False, mutation_percent_genes='default', mutation_num_genes=None, random_mutation_min_val=-1.0, random_mutation_max_val=1.0, gene_space=None, allow_duplicate_genes=True, on_start=None, on_fitness=None, on_parents=None, on_crossover=None, on_mutation=None, on_generation=None, on_stop=None, delay_after_gen=0.0, save_best_solutions=False, save_solutions=False, suppress_warnings=False, stop_criteria=None, parallel_processing=None, random_seed=None, logger=None): """ The constructor of the GA class accepts all parameters required to create an instance of the GA class. It validates such parameters. num_generations: Number of generations. num_parents_mating: Number of solutions to be selected as parents in the mating pool. fitness_func: Accepts a function/method and returns the fitness value of the solution. In PyGAD 2.20.0, a third parameter is passed referring to the 'pygad.GA' instance. If method, then it must accept 4 parameters where the fourth one refers to the method's object. fitness_batch_size: Added in PyGAD 2.19.0. Supports calculating the fitness in batches. If the value is 1 or None, then the fitness function is called for each invidiaul solution. If given another value X where X is neither 1 nor None (e.g. X=3), then the fitness function is called once for each X (3) solutions. initial_population: A user-defined initial population. It is useful when the user wants to start the generations with a custom initial population. It defaults to None which means no initial population is specified by the user. In this case, PyGAD creates an initial population using the 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' parameters. An exception is raised if the 'initial_population' is None while any of the 2 parameters ('sol_per_pop' or 'num_genes') is also None. sol_per_pop: Number of solutions in the population. num_genes: Number of parameters in the function. init_range_low: The lower value of the random range from which the gene values in the initial population are selected. It defaults to -4. Available in PyGAD 1.0.20 and higher. init_range_high: The upper value of the random range from which the gene values in the initial population are selected. It defaults to -4. Available in PyGAD 1.0.20. # It is OK to set the value of any of the 2 parameters ('init_range_low' and 'init_range_high') to be equal, higher or lower than the other parameter (i.e. init_range_low is not needed to be lower than init_range_high). gene_type: The type of the gene. It is assigned to any of these types (int, float, numpy.int8, numpy.int16, numpy.int32, numpy.int64, numpy.uint, numpy.uint8, numpy.uint16, numpy.uint32, numpy.uint64, numpy.float16, numpy.float32, numpy.float64) and forces all the genes to be of that type. parent_selection_type: Type of parent selection. keep_parents: If 0, this means no parent in the current population will be used in the next population. If -1, this means all parents in the current population will be used in the next population. If set to a value > 0, then the specified value refers to the number of parents in the current population to be used in the next population. Some parent selection operators such as rank selection, favor population diversity and therefore keeping the parents in the next generation can be beneficial. However, some other parent selection operators, such as roulette wheel selection (RWS), have higher selection pressure and keeping more than one parent in the next generation can seriously harm population diversity. This parameter have an effect only when the keep_elitism parameter is 0. Thanks to Prof. Fernando Jiménez Barrionuevo (http://webs.um.es/fernan) for editing this sentence. K_tournament: When the value of 'parent_selection_type' is 'tournament', the 'K_tournament' parameter specifies the number of solutions from which a parent is selected randomly. keep_elitism: Added in PyGAD 2.18.0. It can take the value 0 or a positive integer that satisfies (0 <= keep_elitism <= sol_per_pop). It defaults to 1 which means only the best solution in the current generation is kept in the next generation. If assigned 0, this means it has no effect. If assigned a positive integer K, then the best K solutions are kept in the next generation. It cannot be assigned a value greater than the value assigned to the sol_per_pop parameter. If this parameter has a value different than 0, then the keep_parents parameter will have no effect. crossover_type: Type of the crossover opreator. If crossover_type=None, then the crossover step is bypassed which means no crossover is applied and thus no offspring will be created in the next generations. The next generation will use the solutions in the current population. crossover_probability: The probability of selecting a solution for the crossover operation. If the solution probability is <= crossover_probability, the solution is selected. The value must be between 0 and 1 inclusive. mutation_type: Type of the mutation opreator. If mutation_type=None, then the mutation step is bypassed which means no mutation is applied and thus no changes are applied to the offspring created using the crossover operation. The offspring will be used unchanged in the next generation. mutation_probability: The probability of selecting a gene for the mutation operation. If the gene probability is <= mutation_probability, the gene is selected. It accepts either a single value for fixed mutation or a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of 2 values for adaptive mutation. The values must be between 0 and 1 inclusive. If specified, then no need for the 2 parameters mutation_percent_genes and mutation_num_genes. mutation_by_replacement: An optional bool parameter. It works only when the selected type of mutation is random (mutation_type="random"). In this case, setting mutation_by_replacement=True means replace the gene by the randomly generated value. If False, then it has no effect and random mutation works by adding the random value to the gene. mutation_percent_genes: Percentage of genes to mutate which defaults to the string 'default' which means 10%. This parameter has no action if any of the 2 parameters mutation_probability or mutation_num_genes exist. mutation_num_genes: Number of genes to mutate which defaults to None. If the parameter mutation_num_genes exists, then no need for the parameter mutation_percent_genes. This parameter has no action if the mutation_probability parameter exists. random_mutation_min_val: The minimum value of the range from which a random value is selected to be added to the selected gene(s) to mutate. It defaults to -1.0. random_mutation_max_val: The maximum value of the range from which a random value is selected to be added to the selected gene(s) to mutate. It defaults to 1.0. gene_space: It accepts a list of all possible values of the gene. This list is used in the mutation step. Should be used only if the gene space is a set of discrete values. No need for the 2 parameters (random_mutation_min_val and random_mutation_max_val) if the parameter gene_space exists. Added in PyGAD 2.5.0. In PyGAD 2.11.0, the gene_space can be assigned a dict. on_start: Accepts a function/method to be called only once before the genetic algorithm starts its evolution. If function, then it must accept a single parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm. If method, then it must accept 2 parameters where the second one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_fitness: Accepts a function/method to be called after calculating the fitness values of all solutions in the population. If function, then it must accept 2 parameters: 1) a list of all solutions' fitness values 2) the instance of the genetic algorithm. If method, then it must accept 3 parameters where the third one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_parents: Accepts a function/method to be called after selecting the parents that mates. If function, then it must accept 2 parameters: the first one represents the instance of the genetic algorithm and the second one represents the selected parents. If method, then it must accept 3 parameters where the third one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_crossover: Accepts a function/method to be called each time the crossover operation is applied. If function, then it must accept 2 parameters: the first one represents the instance of the genetic algorithm and the second one represents the offspring generated using crossover. If method, then it must accept 3 parameters where the third one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_mutation: Accepts a function/method to be called each time the mutation operation is applied. If function, then it must accept 2 parameters: the first one represents the instance of the genetic algorithm and the second one represents the offspring after applying the mutation. If method, then it must accept 3 parameters where the third one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_generation: Accepts a function/method to be called after each generation. If function, then it must accept a single parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm. If the function returned "stop", then the run() method stops without completing the other generations. If method, then it must accept 2 parameters where the second one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. on_stop: Accepts a function/method to be called only once exactly before the genetic algorithm stops or when it completes all the generations. If function, then it must accept 2 parameters: the first one represents the instance of the genetic algorithm and the second one is a list of fitness values of the last population's solutions. If method, then it must accept 3 parameters where the third one refers to the method's object. Added in PyGAD 2.6.0. delay_after_gen: Added in PyGAD 2.4.0. It accepts a non-negative number specifying the number of seconds to wait after a generation completes and before going to the next generation. It defaults to 0.0 which means no delay after the generation. save_best_solutions: Added in PyGAD 2.9.0 and its type is bool. If True, then the best solution in each generation is saved into the 'best_solutions' attribute. Use this parameter with caution as it may cause memory overflow when either the number of generations or the number of genes is large. save_solutions: Added in PyGAD 2.15.0 and its type is bool. If True, then all solutions in each generation are saved into the 'solutions' attribute. Use this parameter with caution as it may cause memory overflow when either the number of generations, number of genes, or number of solutions in population is large. suppress_warnings: Added in PyGAD 2.10.0 and its type is bool. If True, then no warning messages will be displayed. It defaults to False. allow_duplicate_genes: Added in PyGAD 2.13.0. If True, then a solution/chromosome may have duplicate gene values. If False, then each gene will have a unique value in its solution. stop_criteria: Added in PyGAD 2.15.0. It is assigned to some criteria to stop the evolution if at least one criterion holds. parallel_processing: Added in PyGAD 2.17.0. Defaults to `None` which means no parallel processing is used. If a positive integer is assigned, it specifies the number of threads to be used. If a list or a tuple of exactly 2 elements is assigned, then: 1) The first element can be either "process" or "thread" to specify whether processes or threads are used, respectively. 2) The second element can be: 1) A positive integer to select the maximum number of processes or threads to be used. 2) 0 to indicate that parallel processing is not used. This is identical to setting 'parallel_processing=None'. 3) None to use the default value as calculated by the concurrent.futures module. random_seed: Added in PyGAD 2.18.0. It defines the random seed to be used by the random function generators (we use random functions in the NumPy and random modules). This helps to reproduce the same results by setting the same random seed. logger: Added in PyGAD 2.20.0. It accepts a logger object of the 'logging.Logger' class to log the messages. If no logger is passed, then a default logger is created to log/print the messages to the console exactly like using the 'print()' function. """ # If no logger is passed, then create a logger that logs only the messages to the console. if logger is None: # Create a logger named with the module name. logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Set the logger log level to 'DEBUG' to log all kinds of messages. logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # Clear any attached handlers to the logger from the previous runs. # If the handlers are not cleared, then the new handler will be appended to the list of handlers. # This makes the single log message be repeated according to the length of the list of handlers. logger.handlers.clear() # Create the handlers. stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler() # Set the handler log level to 'DEBUG' to log all kinds of messages received from the logger. stream_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # Create the formatter that just includes the log message. formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s') # Add the formatter to the handler. stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter) # Add the handler to the logger. logger.addHandler(stream_handler) else: # Validate that the passed logger is of type 'logging.Logger'. if isinstance(logger, logging.Logger): pass else: raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'logger' parameter is 'logging.Logger' but {logger_type} found.".format(logger_type=type(logger))) # Create the 'self.logger' attribute to hold the logger. # Instead of using 'print()', use 'self.logger.info()' self.logger = logger self.random_seed = random_seed if random_seed is None: pass else: numpy.random.seed(self.random_seed) random.seed(self.random_seed) # If suppress_warnings is bool and its valud is False, then print warning messages. if type(suppress_warnings) is bool: self.suppress_warnings = suppress_warnings else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'suppress_warnings' parameter is bool but {suppress_warnings_type} found.".format(suppress_warnings_type=type(suppress_warnings))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'suppress_warnings' parameter is bool but {suppress_warnings_type} found.".format(suppress_warnings_type=type(suppress_warnings))) # Validating mutation_by_replacement if not (type(mutation_by_replacement) is bool): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'mutation_by_replacement' parameter is bool but {mutation_by_replacement_type} found.".format(mutation_by_replacement_type=type(mutation_by_replacement))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'mutation_by_replacement' parameter is bool but {mutation_by_replacement_type} found.".format(mutation_by_replacement_type=type(mutation_by_replacement))) self.mutation_by_replacement = mutation_by_replacement # Validate gene_space self.gene_space_nested = False if type(gene_space) is type(None): pass elif type(gene_space) in [list, tuple, range, numpy.ndarray]: if len(gene_space) == 0: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("'gene_space' cannot be empty (i.e. its length must be >= 0).") raise ValueError("'gene_space' cannot be empty (i.e. its length must be >= 0).") else: for index, el in enumerate(gene_space): if type(el) in [list, tuple, range, numpy.ndarray]: if len(el) == 0: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The element indexed {index} of 'gene_space' with type {el_type} cannot be empty (i.e. its length must be >= 0).".format(index=index, el_type=type(el))) raise ValueError("The element indexed {index} of 'gene_space' with type {el_type} cannot be empty (i.e. its length must be >= 0).".format(index=index, el_type=type(el))) else: for val in el: if not (type(val) in [type(None)] + GA.supported_int_float_types): self.logger.error("All values in the sublists inside the 'gene_space' attribute must be numeric of type int/float/None but ({val}) of type {typ} found.".format(val=val, typ=type(val))) raise TypeError("All values in the sublists inside the 'gene_space' attribute must be numeric of type int/float/None but ({val}) of type {typ} found.".format(val=val, typ=type(val))) self.gene_space_nested = True elif type(el) == type(None): pass # self.gene_space_nested = True elif type(el) is dict: if len(el.items()) == 2: if ('low' in el.keys()) and ('high' in el.keys()): pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=el.keys())) raise ValueError("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=el.keys())) elif len(el.items()) == 3: if ('low' in el.keys()) and ('high' in el.keys()) and ('step' in el.keys()): pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=el.keys())) raise ValueError("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=el.keys())) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it must have only 2 items but ({num_items}) items found.".format(num_items=len(el.items()))) raise ValueError("When an element in the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it must have only 2 items but ({num_items}) items found.".format(num_items=len(el.items()))) self.gene_space_nested = True elif not (type(el) in GA.supported_int_float_types): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type {el_type} for the element indexed {index} of 'gene_space'. The accepted types are list/tuple/range/numpy.ndarray of numbers, a single number (int/float), or None.".format(index=index, el_type=type(el))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type {el_type} for the element indexed {index} of 'gene_space'. The accepted types are list/tuple/range/numpy.ndarray of numbers, a single number (int/float), or None.".format(index=index, el_type=type(el))) elif type(gene_space) is dict: if len(gene_space.items()) == 2: if ('low' in gene_space.keys()) and ('high' in gene_space.keys()): pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have only the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=gene_space.keys())) raise ValueError("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have only the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=gene_space.keys())) elif len(gene_space.items()) == 3: if ('low' in gene_space.keys()) and ('high' in gene_space.keys()) and ('step' in gene_space.keys()): pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have only the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=gene_space.keys())) raise ValueError("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it can have only the keys 'low', 'high', and 'step' (optional) but the following keys found: {gene_space_dict_keys}".format(gene_space_dict_keys=gene_space.keys())) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it must have only 2 items but ({num_items}) items found.".format(num_items=len(gene_space.items()))) raise ValueError("When the 'gene_space' parameter is of type dict, then it must have only 2 items but ({num_items}) items found.".format(num_items=len(gene_space.items()))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of 'gene_space' is list, tuple, range, or numpy.ndarray but {gene_space_type} found.".format(gene_space_type=type(gene_space))) raise TypeError("The expected type of 'gene_space' is list, tuple, range, or numpy.ndarray but {gene_space_type} found.".format(gene_space_type=type(gene_space))) self.gene_space = gene_space # Validate init_range_low and init_range_high if type(init_range_low) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if type(init_range_high) in GA.supported_int_float_types: self.init_range_low = init_range_low self.init_range_high = init_range_high else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'init_range_high' parameter must be either integer or floating-point number but the value ({init_range_high_value}) of type {init_range_high_type} found.".format(init_range_high_value=init_range_high, init_range_high_type=type(init_range_high))) raise ValueError("The value passed to the 'init_range_high' parameter must be either integer or floating-point number but the value ({init_range_high_value}) of type {init_range_high_type} found.".format(init_range_high_value=init_range_high, init_range_high_type=type(init_range_high))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'init_range_low' parameter must be either integer or floating-point number but the value ({init_range_low_value}) of type {init_range_low_type} found.".format(init_range_low_value=init_range_low, init_range_low_type=type(init_range_low))) raise ValueError("The value passed to the 'init_range_low' parameter must be either integer or floating-point number but the value ({init_range_low_value}) of type {init_range_low_type} found.".format(init_range_low_value=init_range_low, init_range_low_type=type(init_range_low))) # Validate random_mutation_min_val and random_mutation_max_val if type(random_mutation_min_val) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if type(random_mutation_max_val) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if random_mutation_min_val == random_mutation_max_val: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The values of the 2 parameters 'random_mutation_min_val' and 'random_mutation_max_val' are equal and this causes a fixed change to all genes.") else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'random_mutation_max_val' parameter is numeric but {random_mutation_max_val_type} found.".format(random_mutation_max_val_type=type(random_mutation_max_val))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'random_mutation_max_val' parameter is numeric but {random_mutation_max_val_type} found.".format(random_mutation_max_val_type=type(random_mutation_max_val))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'random_mutation_min_val' parameter is numeric but {random_mutation_min_val_type} found.".format(random_mutation_min_val_type=type(random_mutation_min_val))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'random_mutation_min_val' parameter is numeric but {random_mutation_min_val_type} found.".format(random_mutation_min_val_type=type(random_mutation_min_val))) self.random_mutation_min_val = random_mutation_min_val self.random_mutation_max_val = random_mutation_max_val # Validate gene_type if gene_type in GA.supported_int_float_types: self.gene_type = [gene_type, None] self.gene_type_single = True # A single data type of float with precision. elif len(gene_type) == 2 and gene_type[0] in GA.supported_float_types and (type(gene_type[1]) in GA.supported_int_types or gene_type[1] is None): self.gene_type = gene_type self.gene_type_single = True elif type(gene_type) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: if num_genes is None: if initial_population is None: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the parameter 'initial_population' is None, then the 2 parameters 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' cannot be None too.") raise TypeError("When the parameter 'initial_population' is None, then the 2 parameters 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' cannot be None too.") elif not len(gene_type) == len(initial_population[0]): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the parameter 'gene_type' is nested, then it can be either [float, int] or with length equal to the number of genes parameter. Instead, value {gene_type_val} with len(gene_type) ({len_gene_type}) != number of genes ({num_genes}) found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, len_gene_type=len(gene_type), num_genes=len(initial_population[0]))) raise ValueError("When the parameter 'gene_type' is nested, then it can be either [float, int] or with length equal to the number of genes parameter. Instead, value {gene_type_val} with len(gene_type) ({len_gene_type}) != number of genes ({num_genes}) found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, len_gene_type=len(gene_type), num_genes=len(initial_population[0]))) elif not len(gene_type) == num_genes: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the parameter 'gene_type' is nested, then it can be either [float, int] or with length equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, value {gene_type_val} with len(gene_type) ({len_gene_type}) != len(num_genes) ({num_genes}) found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, len_gene_type=len(gene_type), num_genes=num_genes)) raise ValueError("When the parameter 'gene_type' is nested, then it can be either [float, int] or with length equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, value {gene_type_val} with len(gene_type) ({len_gene_type}) != len(num_genes) ({num_genes}) found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, len_gene_type=len(gene_type), num_genes=num_genes)) for gene_type_idx, gene_type_val in enumerate(gene_type): if gene_type_val in GA.supported_float_types: # If the gene type is float and no precision is passed, set it to None. gene_type[gene_type_idx] = [gene_type_val, None] elif gene_type_val in GA.supported_int_types: gene_type[gene_type_idx] = [gene_type_val, None] elif type(gene_type_val) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: # A float type is expected in a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of length 2. if len(gene_type_val) == 2: if gene_type_val[0] in GA.supported_float_types: if type(gene_type_val[1]) in GA.supported_int_types: pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In the 'gene_type' parameter, the precision for float gene data types must be an integer but the element {gene_type_val} at index {gene_type_idx} has a precision of {gene_type_precision_val} with type {gene_type_type}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_precision_val=gene_type_val[1], gene_type_type=gene_type_val[0], gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) raise TypeError("In the 'gene_type' parameter, the precision for float gene data types must be an integer but the element {gene_type_val} at index {gene_type_idx} has a precision of {gene_type_precision_val} with type {gene_type_type}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_precision_val=gene_type_val[1], gene_type_type=gene_type_val[0], gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In the 'gene_type' parameter, a precision is expected only for float gene data types but the element {gene_type} found at index {gene_type_idx}.\nNote that the data type must be at index 0 followed by precision at index 1.".format(gene_type=gene_type_val, gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) raise TypeError("In the 'gene_type' parameter, a precision is expected only for float gene data types but the element {gene_type} found at index {gene_type_idx}.\nNote that the data type must be at index 0 followed by precision at index 1.".format(gene_type=gene_type_val, gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In the 'gene_type' parameter, a precision is specified in a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of length 2 but value ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} with length {gene_type_length} found at index {gene_type_idx}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_type=type(gene_type_val), gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx, gene_type_length=len(gene_type_val))) raise ValueError("In the 'gene_type' parameter, a precision is specified in a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of length 2 but value ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} with length {gene_type_length} found at index {gene_type_idx}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_type=type(gene_type_val), gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx, gene_type_length=len(gene_type_val))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is assigned to the 'gene_type' parameter, then its elements must be of integer, floating-point, list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray data types but the value ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} found at index {gene_type_idx}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_type=type(gene_type_val), gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) raise ValueError("When a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is assigned to the 'gene_type' parameter, then its elements must be of integer, floating-point, list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray data types but the value ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} found at index {gene_type_idx}.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type_val, gene_type_type=type(gene_type_val), gene_type_idx=gene_type_idx)) self.gene_type = gene_type self.gene_type_single = False else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'gene_type' parameter must be either a single integer, floating-point, list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray but ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, gene_type_type=type(gene_type))) raise ValueError("The value passed to the 'gene_type' parameter must be either a single integer, floating-point, list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray but ({gene_type_val}) of type {gene_type_type} found.".format(gene_type_val=gene_type, gene_type_type=type(gene_type))) # Build the initial population if initial_population is None: if (sol_per_pop is None) or (num_genes is None): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Error creating the initial population:\n\nWhen the parameter 'initial_population' is None, then the 2 parameters 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' cannot be None too.\nThere are 2 options to prepare the initial population:\n1) Assinging the initial population to the 'initial_population' parameter. In this case, the values of the 2 parameters sol_per_pop and num_genes will be deduced.\n2) Assign integer values to the 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' parameters so that PyGAD can create the initial population automatically.") raise TypeError("Error creating the initial population:\n\nWhen the parameter 'initial_population' is None, then the 2 parameters 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' cannot be None too.\nThere are 2 options to prepare the initial population:\n1) Assinging the initial population to the 'initial_population' parameter. In this case, the values of the 2 parameters sol_per_pop and num_genes will be deduced.\n2) Assign integer values to the 'sol_per_pop' and 'num_genes' parameters so that PyGAD can create the initial population automatically.") elif (type(sol_per_pop) is int) and (type(num_genes) is int): # Validating the number of solutions in the population (sol_per_pop) if sol_per_pop <= 0: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of solutions in the population (sol_per_pop) must be > 0 but ({sol_per_pop}) found. \nThe following parameters must be > 0: \n1) Population size (i.e. number of solutions per population) (sol_per_pop).\n2) Number of selected parents in the mating pool (num_parents_mating).\n".format(sol_per_pop=sol_per_pop)) raise ValueError("The number of solutions in the population (sol_per_pop) must be > 0 but ({sol_per_pop}) found. \nThe following parameters must be > 0: \n1) Population size (i.e. number of solutions per population) (sol_per_pop).\n2) Number of selected parents in the mating pool (num_parents_mating).\n".format(sol_per_pop=sol_per_pop)) # Validating the number of gene. if (num_genes <= 0): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of genes cannot be <= 0 but ({num_genes}) found.\n".format(num_genes=num_genes)) raise ValueError("The number of genes cannot be <= 0 but ({num_genes}) found.\n".format(num_genes=num_genes)) # When initial_population=None and the 2 parameters sol_per_pop and num_genes have valid integer values, then the initial population is created. # Inside the initialize_population() method, the initial_population attribute is assigned to keep the initial population accessible. self.num_genes = num_genes # Number of genes in the solution. # In case the 'gene_space' parameter is nested, then make sure the number of its elements equals to the number of genes. if self.gene_space_nested: if len(gene_space) != self.num_genes: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the parameter 'gene_space' is nested, then its length must be equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, length of gene_space ({len_gene_space}) != num_genes ({num_genes})".format(len_gene_space=len(gene_space), num_genes=self.num_genes)) raise ValueError("When the parameter 'gene_space' is nested, then its length must be equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, length of gene_space ({len_gene_space}) != num_genes ({num_genes})".format(len_gene_space=len(gene_space), num_genes=self.num_genes)) self.sol_per_pop = sol_per_pop # Number of solutions in the population. self.initialize_population(self.init_range_low, self.init_range_high, allow_duplicate_genes, True, self.gene_type) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of both the sol_per_pop and num_genes parameters is int but {sol_per_pop_type} and {num_genes_type} found.".format(sol_per_pop_type=type(sol_per_pop), num_genes_type=type(num_genes))) raise TypeError("The expected type of both the sol_per_pop and num_genes parameters is int but {sol_per_pop_type} and {num_genes_type} found.".format(sol_per_pop_type=type(sol_per_pop), num_genes_type=type(num_genes))) elif not type(initial_population) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the 'initial_population' parameter is expected to by of type list, tuple, or ndarray but {initial_population_type} found.".format(initial_population_type=type(initial_population))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the 'initial_population' parameter is expected to by of type list, tuple, or ndarray but {initial_population_type} found.".format(initial_population_type=type(initial_population))) elif numpy.array(initial_population).ndim != 2: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("A 2D list is expected to the initail_population parameter but a ({initial_population_ndim}-D) list found.".format(initial_population_ndim=numpy.array(initial_population).ndim)) raise ValueError("A 2D list is expected to the initail_population parameter but a ({initial_population_ndim}-D) list found.".format(initial_population_ndim=numpy.array(initial_population).ndim)) else: # Validate the type of each value in the 'initial_population' parameter. for row_idx in range(len(initial_population)): for col_idx in range(len(initial_population[0])): if type(initial_population[row_idx][col_idx]) in GA.supported_int_float_types: pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The values in the initial population can be integers or floats but the value ({value}) of type {value_type} found.".format(value=initial_population[row_idx][col_idx], value_type=type(initial_population[row_idx][col_idx]))) raise TypeError("The values in the initial population can be integers or floats but the value ({value}) of type {value_type} found.".format(value=initial_population[row_idx][col_idx], value_type=type(initial_population[row_idx][col_idx]))) # Forcing the initial_population array to have the data type assigned to the gene_type parameter. if self.gene_type_single == True: if self.gene_type[1] == None: self.initial_population = numpy.array(initial_population, dtype=self.gene_type[0]) else: self.initial_population = numpy.round(numpy.array(initial_population, dtype=self.gene_type[0]), self.gene_type[1]) else: initial_population = numpy.array(initial_population) self.initial_population = numpy.zeros(shape=(initial_population.shape[0], initial_population.shape[1]), dtype=object) for gene_idx in range(initial_population.shape[1]): if self.gene_type[gene_idx][1] is None: self.initial_population[:, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(initial_population[:, gene_idx], dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]) else: self.initial_population[:, gene_idx] = numpy.round(numpy.asarray(initial_population[:, gene_idx], dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]), self.gene_type[gene_idx][1]) self.population = self.initial_population.copy() # A NumPy array holding the initial population. self.num_genes = self.initial_population.shape[1] # Number of genes in the solution. self.sol_per_pop = self.initial_population.shape[0] # Number of solutions in the population. self.pop_size = (self.sol_per_pop,self.num_genes) # The population size. # Round initial_population and population self.initial_population = self.round_genes(self.initial_population) self.population = self.round_genes(self.population) # In case the 'gene_space' parameter is nested, then make sure the number of its elements equals to the number of genes. if self.gene_space_nested: if len(gene_space) != self.num_genes: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the parameter 'gene_space' is nested, then its length must be equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, length of gene_space ({len_gene_space}) != num_genes ({len_num_genes})".format(len_gene_space=len(gene_space), len_num_genes=self.num_genes)) raise ValueError("When the parameter 'gene_space' is nested, then its length must be equal to the value passed to the 'num_genes' parameter. Instead, length of gene_space ({len_gene_space}) != num_genes ({len_num_genes})".format(len_gene_space=len(gene_space), len_num_genes=self.num_genes)) # Validating the number of parents to be selected for mating (num_parents_mating) if num_parents_mating <= 0: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of parents mating (num_parents_mating) parameter must be > 0 but ({num_parents_mating}) found. \nThe following parameters must be > 0: \n1) Population size (i.e. number of solutions per population) (sol_per_pop).\n2) Number of selected parents in the mating pool (num_parents_mating).\n".format(num_parents_mating=num_parents_mating)) raise ValueError("The number of parents mating (num_parents_mating) parameter must be > 0 but ({num_parents_mating}) found. \nThe following parameters must be > 0: \n1) Population size (i.e. number of solutions per population) (sol_per_pop).\n2) Number of selected parents in the mating pool (num_parents_mating).\n".format(num_parents_mating=num_parents_mating)) # Validating the number of parents to be selected for mating: num_parents_mating if (num_parents_mating > self.sol_per_pop): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of parents to select for mating ({num_parents_mating}) cannot be greater than the number of solutions in the population ({sol_per_pop}) (i.e., num_parents_mating must always be <= sol_per_pop).\n".format(num_parents_mating=num_parents_mating, sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop)) raise ValueError("The number of parents to select for mating ({num_parents_mating}) cannot be greater than the number of solutions in the population ({sol_per_pop}) (i.e., num_parents_mating must always be <= sol_per_pop).\n".format(num_parents_mating=num_parents_mating, sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop)) self.num_parents_mating = num_parents_mating # crossover: Refers to the method that applies the crossover operator based on the selected type of crossover in the crossover_type property. # Validating the crossover type: crossover_type if (crossover_type is None): self.crossover = None elif inspect.ismethod(crossover_type): # Check if the crossover_type is a method that accepts 4 paramaters. if (crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount == 4): # The crossover method assigned to the crossover_type parameter is validated. self.crossover = crossover_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'crossover_type' is assigned to a method, then this crossover method must accept 4 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The selected parents.\n3) The size of the offspring to be produced.\n4) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed crossover method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=crossover_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'crossover_type' is assigned to a method, then this crossover method must accept 4 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The selected parents.\n3) The size of the offspring to be produced.\n4) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed crossover method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=crossover_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif callable(crossover_type): # Check if the crossover_type is a function that accepts 2 paramaters. if (crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount == 3): # The crossover function assigned to the crossover_type parameter is validated. self.crossover = crossover_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'crossover_type' is assigned to a function, then this crossover function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The selected parents.\n2) The size of the offspring to be produced.3) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed crossover function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=crossover_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'crossover_type' is assigned to a function, then this crossover function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The selected parents.\n2) The size of the offspring to be produced.3) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed crossover function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=crossover_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=crossover_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif not (type(crossover_type) is str): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'crossover_type' parameter is either callable or str but {crossover_type} found.".format(crossover_type=type(crossover_type))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'crossover_type' parameter is either callable or str but {crossover_type} found.".format(crossover_type=type(crossover_type))) else: # type crossover_type is str crossover_type = crossover_type.lower() if (crossover_type == "single_point"): self.crossover = self.single_point_crossover elif (crossover_type == "two_points"): self.crossover = self.two_points_crossover elif (crossover_type == "uniform"): self.crossover = self.uniform_crossover elif (crossover_type == "scattered"): self.crossover = self.scattered_crossover else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Undefined crossover type. \nThe assigned value to the crossover_type ({crossover_type}) parameter does not refer to one of the supported crossover types which are: \n-single_point (for single point crossover)\n-two_points (for two points crossover)\n-uniform (for uniform crossover)\n-scattered (for scattered crossover).\n".format(crossover_type=crossover_type)) raise TypeError("Undefined crossover type. \nThe assigned value to the crossover_type ({crossover_type}) parameter does not refer to one of the supported crossover types which are: \n-single_point (for single point crossover)\n-two_points (for two points crossover)\n-uniform (for uniform crossover)\n-scattered (for scattered crossover).\n".format(crossover_type=crossover_type)) self.crossover_type = crossover_type # Calculate the value of crossover_probability if crossover_probability is None: self.crossover_probability = None elif type(crossover_probability) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if crossover_probability >= 0 and crossover_probability <= 1: self.crossover_probability = crossover_probability else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the 'crossover_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({crossover_probability_value}) found.".format(crossover_probability_value=crossover_probability)) raise ValueError("The value assigned to the 'crossover_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({crossover_probability_value}) found.".format(crossover_probability_value=crossover_probability)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for the 'crossover_probability' parameter. Float is expected but ({crossover_probability_value}) of type {crossover_probability_type} found.".format(crossover_probability_value=crossover_probability, crossover_probability_type=type(crossover_probability))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for the 'crossover_probability' parameter. Float is expected but ({crossover_probability_value}) of type {crossover_probability_type} found.".format(crossover_probability_value=crossover_probability, crossover_probability_type=type(crossover_probability))) # mutation: Refers to the method that applies the mutation operator based on the selected type of mutation in the mutation_type property. # Validating the mutation type: mutation_type # "adaptive" mutation is supported starting from PyGAD 2.10.0 if mutation_type is None: self.mutation = None elif inspect.ismethod(mutation_type): # Check if the mutation_type is a method that accepts 3 paramater. if (mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount == 3): # The mutation method assigned to the mutation_type parameter is validated. self.mutation = mutation_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'mutation_type' is assigned to a method, then it must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The offspring to be mutated.\n3) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed mutation method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=mutation_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'mutation_type' is assigned to a method, then it must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The offspring to be mutated.\n3) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed mutation method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=mutation_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif callable(mutation_type): # Check if the mutation_type is a function that accepts 2 paramater. if (mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount == 2): # The mutation function assigned to the mutation_type parameter is validated. self.mutation = mutation_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'mutation_type' is assigned to a function, then this mutation function must accept 2 parameters:\n1) The offspring to be mutated.\n2) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed mutation function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=mutation_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'mutation_type' is assigned to a function, then this mutation function must accept 2 parameters:\n1) The offspring to be mutated.\n2) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed mutation function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=mutation_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=mutation_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif not (type(mutation_type) is str): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'mutation_type' parameter is either callable or str but {mutation_type} found.".format(mutation_type=type(mutation_type))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'mutation_type' parameter is either callable or str but {mutation_type} found.".format(mutation_type=type(mutation_type))) else: # type mutation_type is str mutation_type = mutation_type.lower() if (mutation_type == "random"): self.mutation = self.random_mutation elif (mutation_type == "swap"): self.mutation = self.swap_mutation elif (mutation_type == "scramble"): self.mutation = self.scramble_mutation elif (mutation_type == "inversion"): self.mutation = self.inversion_mutation elif (mutation_type == "adaptive"): self.mutation = self.adaptive_mutation else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Undefined mutation type. \nThe assigned string value to the 'mutation_type' parameter ({mutation_type}) does not refer to one of the supported mutation types which are: \n-random (for random mutation)\n-swap (for swap mutation)\n-inversion (for inversion mutation)\n-scramble (for scramble mutation)\n-adaptive (for adaptive mutation).\n".format(mutation_type=mutation_type)) raise TypeError("Undefined mutation type. \nThe assigned string value to the 'mutation_type' parameter ({mutation_type}) does not refer to one of the supported mutation types which are: \n-random (for random mutation)\n-swap (for swap mutation)\n-inversion (for inversion mutation)\n-scramble (for scramble mutation)\n-adaptive (for adaptive mutation).\n".format(mutation_type=mutation_type)) self.mutation_type = mutation_type # Calculate the value of mutation_probability if not (self.mutation_type is None): if mutation_probability is None: self.mutation_probability = None elif (mutation_type != "adaptive"): # Mutation probability is fixed not adaptive. if type(mutation_probability) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if mutation_probability >= 0 and mutation_probability <= 1: self.mutation_probability = mutation_probability else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({mutation_probability_value}) found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability)) raise ValueError("The value assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({mutation_probability_value}) found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_probability' parameter. A numeric value is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability, mutation_probability_type=type(mutation_probability))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_probability' parameter. A numeric value is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability, mutation_probability_type=type(mutation_probability))) else: # Mutation probability is adaptive not fixed. if type(mutation_probability) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: if len(mutation_probability) == 2: for el in mutation_probability: if type(el) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if el >= 0 and el <= 1: pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The values assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({mutation_probability_value}) found.".format(mutation_probability_value=el)) raise ValueError("The values assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter must be between 0 and 1 inclusive but ({mutation_probability_value}) found.".format(mutation_probability_value=el)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter. A numeric value is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=el, mutation_probability_type=type(el))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_probability' parameter. A numeric value is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=el, mutation_probability_type=type(el))) if mutation_probability[0] < mutation_probability[1]: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The first element in the 'mutation_probability' parameter is {first_el} which is smaller than the second element {second_el}. This means the mutation rate for the high-quality solutions is higher than the mutation rate of the low-quality ones. This causes high disruption in the high qualitiy solutions while making little changes in the low quality solutions. Please make the first element higher than the second element.".format(first_el=mutation_probability[0], second_el=mutation_probability[1])) self.mutation_probability = mutation_probability else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_probability' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_probability_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_probability_length=len(mutation_probability))) raise ValueError("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_probability' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_probability_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_probability_length=len(mutation_probability))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_probability' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability, mutation_probability_type=type(mutation_probability))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_probability' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is expected but ({mutation_probability_value}) of type {mutation_probability_type} found.".format(mutation_probability_value=mutation_probability, mutation_probability_type=type(mutation_probability))) else: pass # Calculate the value of mutation_num_genes if not (self.mutation_type is None): if mutation_num_genes is None: # The mutation_num_genes parameter does not exist. Checking whether adaptive mutation is used. if (mutation_type != "adaptive"): # The percent of genes to mutate is fixed not adaptive. if mutation_percent_genes == 'default'.lower(): mutation_percent_genes = 10 # Based on the mutation percentage in the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter, the number of genes to mutate is calculated. mutation_num_genes = numpy.uint32((mutation_percent_genes*self.num_genes)/100) # Based on the mutation percentage of genes, if the number of selected genes for mutation is less than the least possible value which is 1, then the number will be set to 1. if mutation_num_genes == 0: if self.mutation_probability is None: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The percentage of genes to mutate (mutation_percent_genes={mutation_percent}) resutled in selecting ({mutation_num}) genes. The number of genes to mutate is set to 1 (mutation_num_genes=1).\nIf you do not want to mutate any gene, please set mutation_type=None.".format(mutation_percent=mutation_percent_genes, mutation_num=mutation_num_genes)) mutation_num_genes = 1 elif type(mutation_percent_genes) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if (mutation_percent_genes <= 0 or mutation_percent_genes > 100): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The percentage of selected genes for mutation (mutation_percent_genes) must be > 0 and <= 100 but ({mutation_percent_genes}) found.\n".format(mutation_percent_genes=mutation_percent_genes)) raise ValueError("The percentage of selected genes for mutation (mutation_percent_genes) must be > 0 and <= 100 but ({mutation_percent_genes}) found.\n".format(mutation_percent_genes=mutation_percent_genes)) else: # If mutation_percent_genes equals the string "default", then it is replaced by the numeric value 10. if mutation_percent_genes == 'default'.lower(): mutation_percent_genes = 10 # Based on the mutation percentage in the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter, the number of genes to mutate is calculated. mutation_num_genes = numpy.uint32((mutation_percent_genes*self.num_genes)/100) # Based on the mutation percentage of genes, if the number of selected genes for mutation is less than the least possible value which is 1, then the number will be set to 1. if mutation_num_genes == 0: if self.mutation_probability is None: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The percentage of genes to mutate (mutation_percent_genes={mutation_percent}) resutled in selecting ({mutation_num}) genes. The number of genes to mutate is set to 1 (mutation_num_genes=1).\nIf you do not want to mutate any gene, please set mutation_type=None.".format(mutation_percent=mutation_percent_genes, mutation_num=mutation_num_genes)) mutation_num_genes = 1 else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected value or type of the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. It only accepts the string 'default' or a numeric value but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) of type {mutation_percent_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=mutation_percent_genes, mutation_percent_genes_type=type(mutation_percent_genes))) raise TypeError("Unexpected value or type of the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. It only accepts the string 'default' or a numeric value but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) of type {mutation_percent_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=mutation_percent_genes, mutation_percent_genes_type=type(mutation_percent_genes))) else: # The percent of genes to mutate is adaptive not fixed. if type(mutation_percent_genes) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: if len(mutation_percent_genes) == 2: mutation_num_genes = numpy.zeros_like(mutation_percent_genes, dtype=numpy.uint32) for idx, el in enumerate(mutation_percent_genes): if type(el) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if (el <= 0 or el > 100): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The values assigned to the 'mutation_percent_genes' must be > 0 and <= 100 but ({mutation_percent_genes}) found.\n".format(mutation_percent_genes=mutation_percent_genes)) raise ValueError("The values assigned to the 'mutation_percent_genes' must be > 0 and <= 100 but ({mutation_percent_genes}) found.\n".format(mutation_percent_genes=mutation_percent_genes)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. An integer value is expected but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) of type {mutation_percent_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=el, mutation_percent_genes_type=type(el))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. An integer value is expected but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) of type {mutation_percent_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=el, mutation_percent_genes_type=type(el))) # At this point of the loop, the current value assigned to the parameter 'mutation_percent_genes' is validated. # Based on the mutation percentage in the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter, the number of genes to mutate is calculated. mutation_num_genes[idx] = numpy.uint32((mutation_percent_genes[idx]*self.num_genes)/100) # Based on the mutation percentage of genes, if the number of selected genes for mutation is less than the least possible value which is 1, then the number will be set to 1. if mutation_num_genes[idx] == 0: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The percentage of genes to mutate ({mutation_percent}) resutled in selecting ({mutation_num}) genes. The number of genes to mutate is set to 1 (mutation_num_genes=1).\nIf you do not want to mutate any gene, please set mutation_type=None.".format(mutation_percent=mutation_percent_genes[idx], mutation_num=mutation_num_genes[idx])) mutation_num_genes[idx] = 1 if mutation_percent_genes[0] < mutation_percent_genes[1]: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The first element in the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter is ({first_el}) which is smaller than the second element ({second_el}).\nThis means the mutation rate for the high-quality solutions is higher than the mutation rate of the low-quality ones. This causes high disruption in the high qualitiy solutions while making little changes in the low quality solutions.\nPlease make the first element higher than the second element.".format(first_el=mutation_percent_genes[0], second_el=mutation_percent_genes[1])) # At this point outside the loop, all values of the parameter 'mutation_percent_genes' are validated. Eveyrthing is OK. else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_percent_genes_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_length=len(mutation_percent_genes))) raise ValueError("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_percent_genes_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_length=len(mutation_percent_genes))) else: if self.mutation_probability is None: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type of the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter should exist and assigned a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray with 2 values but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=mutation_percent_genes)) raise TypeError("Unexpected type of the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_percent_genes' parameter should exist and assigned a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray with 2 values but ({mutation_percent_genes_value}) found.".format(mutation_percent_genes_value=mutation_percent_genes)) # The mutation_num_genes parameter exists. Checking whether adaptive mutation is used. elif (mutation_type != "adaptive"): # Number of genes to mutate is fixed not adaptive. if type(mutation_num_genes) in GA.supported_int_types: if (mutation_num_genes <= 0): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of selected genes for mutation (mutation_num_genes) cannot be <= 0 but ({mutation_num_genes}) found. If you do not want to use mutation, please set mutation_type=None\n".format(mutation_num_genes=mutation_num_genes)) raise ValueError("The number of selected genes for mutation (mutation_num_genes) cannot be <= 0 but ({mutation_num_genes}) found. If you do not want to use mutation, please set mutation_type=None\n".format(mutation_num_genes=mutation_num_genes)) elif (mutation_num_genes > self.num_genes): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The number of selected genes for mutation (mutation_num_genes), which is ({mutation_num_genes}), cannot be greater than the number of genes ({num_genes}).\n".format(mutation_num_genes=mutation_num_genes, num_genes=self.num_genes)) raise ValueError("The number of selected genes for mutation (mutation_num_genes), which is ({mutation_num_genes}), cannot be greater than the number of genes ({num_genes}).\n".format(mutation_num_genes=mutation_num_genes, num_genes=self.num_genes)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The 'mutation_num_genes' parameter is expected to be a positive integer but the value ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=mutation_num_genes, mutation_num_genes_type=type(mutation_num_genes))) raise TypeError("The 'mutation_num_genes' parameter is expected to be a positive integer but the value ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=mutation_num_genes, mutation_num_genes_type=type(mutation_num_genes))) else: # Number of genes to mutate is adaptive not fixed. if type(mutation_num_genes) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: if len(mutation_num_genes) == 2: for el in mutation_num_genes: if type(el) in GA.supported_int_types: if (el <= 0): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The values assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' cannot be <= 0 but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) found. If you do not want to use mutation, please set mutation_type=None\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el)) raise ValueError("The values assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' cannot be <= 0 but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) found. If you do not want to use mutation, please set mutation_type=None\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el)) elif (el > self.num_genes): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The values assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' cannot be greater than the number of genes ({num_genes}) but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) found.\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el, num_genes=self.num_genes)) raise ValueError("The values assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' cannot be greater than the number of genes ({num_genes}) but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) found.\n".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el, num_genes=self.num_genes)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter. An integer value is expected but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el, mutation_num_genes_type=type(el))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for a value assigned to the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter. An integer value is expected but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_num_genes_value=el, mutation_num_genes_type=type(el))) # At this point of the loop, the current value assigned to the parameter 'mutation_num_genes' is validated. if mutation_num_genes[0] < mutation_num_genes[1]: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The first element in the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter is {first_el} which is smaller than the second element {second_el}. This means the mutation rate for the high-quality solutions is higher than the mutation rate of the low-quality ones. This causes high disruption in the high qualitiy solutions while making little changes in the low quality solutions. Please make the first element higher than the second element.".format(first_el=mutation_num_genes[0], second_el=mutation_num_genes[1])) # At this point outside the loop, all values of the parameter 'mutation_num_genes' are validated. Eveyrthing is OK. else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_num_genes_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_num_genes_length=len(mutation_num_genes))) raise ValueError("When mutation_type='adaptive', then the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter must have only 2 elements but ({mutation_num_genes_length}) element(s) found.".format(mutation_num_genes_length=len(mutation_num_genes))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is expected but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_num_genes_value=mutation_num_genes, mutation_num_genes_type=type(mutation_num_genes))) raise TypeError("Unexpected type for the 'mutation_num_genes' parameter. When mutation_type='adaptive', then list/tuple/numpy.ndarray is expected but ({mutation_num_genes_value}) of type {mutation_num_genes_type} found.".format(mutation_num_genes_value=mutation_num_genes, mutation_num_genes_type=type(mutation_num_genes))) else: pass # Validating mutation_by_replacement and mutation_type if self.mutation_type != "random" and self.mutation_by_replacement: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The mutation_by_replacement parameter is set to True while the mutation_type parameter is not set to random but ({mut_type}). Note that the mutation_by_replacement parameter has an effect only when mutation_type='random'.".format(mut_type=mutation_type)) # Check if crossover and mutation are both disabled. if (self.mutation_type is None) and (self.crossover_type is None): if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The 2 parameters mutation_type and crossover_type are None. This disables any type of evolution the genetic algorithm can make. As a result, the genetic algorithm cannot find a better solution that the best solution in the initial population.") # select_parents: Refers to a method that selects the parents based on the parent selection type specified in the parent_selection_type attribute. # Validating the selected type of parent selection: parent_selection_type if inspect.ismethod(parent_selection_type): # Check if the parent_selection_type is a method that accepts 4 paramaters. if (parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount == 4): # population: Added in PyGAD 2.16.0. It should used only to support custom parent selection functions. Otherwise, it should be left to None to retirve the population by self.population. # The parent selection method assigned to the parent_selection_type parameter is validated. self.select_parents = parent_selection_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'parent_selection_type' is assigned to a method, then it must accept 4 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The fitness values of the current population.\n3) The number of parents needed.\n4) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed parent selection method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'parent_selection_type' is assigned to a method, then it must accept 4 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The fitness values of the current population.\n3) The number of parents needed.\n4) The instance from the pygad.GA class.\n\nThe passed parent selection method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif callable(parent_selection_type): # Check if the parent_selection_type is a function that accepts 3 paramaters. if (parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount == 3): # population: Added in PyGAD 2.16.0. It should used only to support custom parent selection functions. Otherwise, it should be left to None to retirve the population by self.population. # The parent selection function assigned to the parent_selection_type parameter is validated. self.select_parents = parent_selection_type else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When 'parent_selection_type' is assigned to a user-defined function, then this parent selection function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The fitness values of the current population.\n2) The number of parents needed.\n3) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed parent selection function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("When 'parent_selection_type' is assigned to a user-defined function, then this parent selection function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The fitness values of the current population.\n2) The number of parents needed.\n3) The instance from the pygad.GA class to retrieve any property like population, gene data type, gene space, etc.\n\nThe passed parent selection function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_name, argcount=parent_selection_type.__code__.co_argcount)) elif not (type(parent_selection_type) is str): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'parent_selection_type' parameter is either callable or str but {parent_selection_type} found.".format(parent_selection_type=type(parent_selection_type))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'parent_selection_type' parameter is either callable or str but {parent_selection_type} found.".format(parent_selection_type=type(parent_selection_type))) else: parent_selection_type = parent_selection_type.lower() if (parent_selection_type == "sss"): self.select_parents = self.steady_state_selection elif (parent_selection_type == "rws"): self.select_parents = self.roulette_wheel_selection elif (parent_selection_type == "sus"): self.select_parents = self.stochastic_universal_selection elif (parent_selection_type == "random"): self.select_parents = self.random_selection elif (parent_selection_type == "tournament"): self.select_parents = self.tournament_selection elif (parent_selection_type == "rank"): self.select_parents = self.rank_selection else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Undefined parent selection type: {parent_selection_type}. \nThe assigned value to the 'parent_selection_type' parameter does not refer to one of the supported parent selection techniques which are: \n-sss (for steady state selection)\n-rws (for roulette wheel selection)\n-sus (for stochastic universal selection)\n-rank (for rank selection)\n-random (for random selection)\n-tournament (for tournament selection).\n".format(parent_selection_type=parent_selection_type)) raise TypeError("Undefined parent selection type: {parent_selection_type}. \nThe assigned value to the 'parent_selection_type' parameter does not refer to one of the supported parent selection techniques which are: \n-sss (for steady state selection)\n-rws (for roulette wheel selection)\n-sus (for stochastic universal selection)\n-rank (for rank selection)\n-random (for random selection)\n-tournament (for tournament selection).\n".format(parent_selection_type=parent_selection_type)) # For tournament selection, validate the K value. if(parent_selection_type == "tournament"): if (K_tournament > self.sol_per_pop): K_tournament = self.sol_per_pop if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("K of the tournament selection ({K_tournament}) should not be greater than the number of solutions within the population ({sol_per_pop}).\nK will be clipped to be equal to the number of solutions in the population (sol_per_pop).\n".format(K_tournament=K_tournament, sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop)) elif (K_tournament <= 0): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("K of the tournament selection cannot be <=0 but ({K_tournament}) found.\n".format(K_tournament=K_tournament)) raise ValueError("K of the tournament selection cannot be <=0 but ({K_tournament}) found.\n".format(K_tournament=K_tournament)) self.K_tournament = K_tournament # Validating the number of parents to keep in the next population: keep_parents if not (type(keep_parents) in GA.supported_int_types): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Incorrect type of the value assigned to the keep_parents parameter. The value ({keep_parents}) of type {keep_parents_type} found but an integer is expected.".format(keep_parents=keep_parents, keep_parents_type=type(keep_parents))) raise TypeError("Incorrect type of the value assigned to the keep_parents parameter. The value ({keep_parents}) of type {keep_parents_type} found but an integer is expected.".format(keep_parents=keep_parents, keep_parents_type=type(keep_parents))) elif (keep_parents > self.sol_per_pop or keep_parents > self.num_parents_mating or keep_parents < -1): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Incorrect value to the keep_parents parameter: {keep_parents}. \nThe assigned value to the keep_parent parameter must satisfy the following conditions: \n1) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop\n2) Less than or equal to num_parents_mating\n3) Greater than or equal to -1.".format(keep_parents=keep_parents)) raise ValueError("Incorrect value to the keep_parents parameter: {keep_parents}. \nThe assigned value to the keep_parent parameter must satisfy the following conditions: \n1) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop\n2) Less than or equal to num_parents_mating\n3) Greater than or equal to -1.".format(keep_parents=keep_parents)) self.keep_parents = keep_parents if parent_selection_type == "sss" and self.keep_parents == 0: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("The steady-state parent (sss) selection operator is used despite that no parents are kept in the next generation.") # Validating the number of elitism to keep in the next population: keep_elitism if not (type(keep_elitism) in GA.supported_int_types): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Incorrect type of the value assigned to the keep_elitism parameter. The value ({keep_elitism}) of type {keep_elitism_type} found but an integer is expected.".format(keep_elitism=keep_elitism, keep_elitism_type=type(keep_elitism))) raise TypeError("Incorrect type of the value assigned to the keep_elitism parameter. The value ({keep_elitism}) of type {keep_elitism_type} found but an integer is expected.".format(keep_elitism=keep_elitism, keep_elitism_type=type(keep_elitism))) elif (keep_elitism > self.sol_per_pop or keep_elitism < 0): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Incorrect value to the keep_elitism parameter: {keep_elitism}. \nThe assigned value to the keep_elitism parameter must satisfy the following conditions: \n1) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop\n2) Greater than or equal to 0.".format(keep_elitism=keep_elitism)) raise ValueError("Incorrect value to the keep_elitism parameter: {keep_elitism}. \nThe assigned value to the keep_elitism parameter must satisfy the following conditions: \n1) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop\n2) Greater than or equal to 0.".format(keep_elitism=keep_elitism)) self.keep_elitism = keep_elitism # Validate keep_parents. if self.keep_elitism == 0: if (self.keep_parents == -1): # Keep all parents in the next population. self.num_offspring = self.sol_per_pop - self.num_parents_mating elif (self.keep_parents == 0): # Keep no parents in the next population. self.num_offspring = self.sol_per_pop elif (self.keep_parents > 0): # Keep the specified number of parents in the next population. self.num_offspring = self.sol_per_pop - self.keep_parents else: self.num_offspring = self.sol_per_pop - self.keep_elitism # Check if the fitness_func is a method. # In PyGAD 2.19.0, a method can be passed to the fitness function. If function is passed, then it accepts 2 parameters. If method, then it accepts 3 parameters. # In PyGAD 2.20.0, a new parameter is passed referring to the instance of the `pygad.GA` class. So, the function accepts 3 parameters and the method accepts 4 parameters. if inspect.ismethod(fitness_func): # If the fitness is calculated through a method, not a function, then there is a fourth 'self` paramaters. if (fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount == 4): self.fitness_func = fitness_func else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In PyGAD 2.20.0, if a method is used to calculate the fitness value, then it must accept 4 parameters\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the 'pygad.GA' class.\n3) A solution to calculate its fitness value.\n4) The solution's index within the population.\n\nThe passed fitness method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=fitness_func.__code__.co_name, argcount=fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("In PyGAD 2.20.0, if a method is used to calculate the fitness value, then it must accept 4 parameters\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the 'pygad.GA' class.\n3) A solution to calculate its fitness value.\n4) The solution's index within the population.\n\nThe passed fitness method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=fitness_func.__code__.co_name, argcount=fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount)) elif callable(fitness_func): # Check if the fitness function accepts 2 paramaters. if (fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.fitness_func = fitness_func else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In PyGAD 2.20.0, the fitness function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The instance of the 'pygad.GA' class.\n2) A solution to calculate its fitness value.\n3) The solution's index within the population.\n\nThe passed fitness function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=fitness_func.__code__.co_name, argcount=fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("In PyGAD 2.20.0, the fitness function must accept 3 parameters:\n1) The instance of the 'pygad.GA' class.\n2) A solution to calculate its fitness value.\n3) The solution's index within the population.\n\nThe passed fitness function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=fitness_func.__code__.co_name, argcount=fitness_func.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the fitness_func parameter is expected to be of type function but {fitness_func_type} found.".format(fitness_func_type=type(fitness_func))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the fitness_func parameter is expected to be of type function but {fitness_func_type} found.".format(fitness_func_type=type(fitness_func))) if fitness_batch_size is None: pass elif not (type(fitness_batch_size) in GA.supported_int_types): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the fitness_batch_size parameter is expected to be integer but the value ({fitness_batch_size}) of type {fitness_batch_size_type} found.".format(fitness_batch_size=fitness_batch_size, fitness_batch_size_type=type(fitness_batch_size))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the fitness_batch_size parameter is expected to be integer but the value ({fitness_batch_size}) of type {fitness_batch_size_type} found.".format(fitness_batch_size=fitness_batch_size, fitness_batch_size_type=type(fitness_batch_size))) elif fitness_batch_size <= 0 or fitness_batch_size > self.sol_per_pop: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the fitness_batch_size parameter must be:\n1) Greater than 0.\n2) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop ({sol_per_pop}).\nBut the value ({fitness_batch_size}) found.".format(fitness_batch_size=fitness_batch_size, sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop)) raise ValueError("The value assigned to the fitness_batch_size parameter must be:\n1) Greater than 0.\n2) Less than or equal to sol_per_pop ({sol_per_pop}).\nBut the value ({fitness_batch_size}) found.".format(fitness_batch_size=fitness_batch_size, sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop)) self.fitness_batch_size = fitness_batch_size # Check if the on_start exists. if not (on_start is None): if inspect.ismethod(on_start): # Check if the on_start method accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_start.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_start = on_start else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_start parameter must accept only 2 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_start.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_start.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_start parameter must accept only 2 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_start.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_start.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_start is a function. elif callable(on_start): # Check if the on_start function accepts only a single paramater. if (on_start.__code__.co_argcount == 1): self.on_start = on_start else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_start parameter must accept only 1 parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_start.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_start.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_start parameter must accept only 1 parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_start.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_start.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_start parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_start_type} found.".format(on_start_type=type(on_start))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_start parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_start_type} found.".format(on_start_type=type(on_start))) else: self.on_start = None # Check if the on_fitness exists. if not (on_fitness is None): # Check if the on_fitness is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_fitness): # Check if the on_fitness method accepts 3 paramaters. if (on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.on_fitness = on_fitness else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_fitness parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.3) The fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_fitness.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_fitness parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.3) The fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_fitness.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_fitness is a function. elif callable(on_fitness): # Check if the on_fitness function accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_fitness = on_fitness else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_fitness parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_fitness.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_fitness parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_fitness.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_fitness.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_fitness parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_fitness_type} found.".format(on_fitness_type=type(on_fitness))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_fitness parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_fitness_type} found.".format(on_fitness_type=type(on_fitness))) else: self.on_fitness = None # Check if the on_parents exists. if not (on_parents is None): # Check if the on_parents is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_parents): # Check if the on_parents method accepts 3 paramaters. if (on_parents.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.on_parents = on_parents else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_parents parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n3) The fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_parents.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_parents.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_parents parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n3) The fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_parents.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_parents.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_parents is a function. elif callable(on_parents): # Check if the on_parents function accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_parents.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_parents = on_parents else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_parents parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_parents.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_parents.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_parents parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the fitness values of all solutions.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_parents.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_parents.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_parents parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_parents_type} found.".format(on_parents_type=type(on_parents))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_parents parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_parents_type} found.".format(on_parents_type=type(on_parents))) else: self.on_parents = None # Check if the on_crossover exists. if not (on_crossover is None): # Check if the on_crossover is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_crossover): # Check if the on_crossover method accepts 3 paramaters. if (on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.on_crossover = on_crossover else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_crossover parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) The offspring generated using crossover.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_crossover.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_crossover parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) The offspring generated using crossover.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_crossover.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_crossover is a function. elif callable(on_crossover): # Check if the on_crossover function accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_crossover = on_crossover else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_crossover parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the offspring generated using crossover.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_crossover.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_crossover parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the offspring generated using crossover.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_crossover.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_crossover.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_crossover parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_crossover_type} found.".format(on_crossover_type=type(on_crossover))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_crossover parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_crossover_type} found.".format(on_crossover_type=type(on_crossover))) else: self.on_crossover = None # Check if the on_mutation exists. if not (on_mutation is None): # Check if the on_mutation is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_mutation): # Check if the on_mutation method accepts 3 paramaters. if (on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.on_mutation = on_mutation else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_mutation parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) The offspring after applying the mutation operation.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_mutation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_mutation parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) The offspring after applying the mutation operation.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_mutation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_mutation is a function. elif callable(on_mutation): # Check if the on_mutation function accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_mutation = on_mutation else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_mutation parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the offspring after applying the mutation operation.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_mutation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_mutation parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and the offspring after applying the mutation operation.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_mutation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_mutation.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_mutation parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_mutation_type} found.".format(on_mutation_type=type(on_mutation))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_mutation parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_mutation_type} found.".format(on_mutation_type=type(on_mutation))) else: self.on_mutation = None # Check if the on_generation exists. if not (on_generation is None): # Check if the on_generation is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_generation): # Check if the on_generation method accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_generation.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_generation = on_generation else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_generation parameter must accept 2 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_generation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_generation.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_generation parameter must accept 2 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_generation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_generation.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_generation is a function. elif callable(on_generation): # Check if the on_generation function accepts only a single paramater. if (on_generation.__code__.co_argcount == 1): self.on_generation = on_generation else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_generation parameter must accept only 1 parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_generation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_generation.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_generation parameter must accept only 1 parameter representing the instance of the genetic algorithm.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_generation.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_generation.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the on_generation parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_generation_type} found.".format(on_generation_type=type(on_generation))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the on_generation parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_generation_type} found.".format(on_generation_type=type(on_generation))) else: self.on_generation = None # Check if the on_stop exists. if not (on_stop is None): # Check if the on_stop is a method. if inspect.ismethod(on_stop): # Check if the on_stop method accepts 3 paramaters. if (on_stop.__code__.co_argcount == 3): self.on_stop = on_stop else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The method assigned to the on_stop parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) A list of the fitness values of the solutions in the last population.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_stop.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_stop.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The method assigned to the on_stop parameter must accept 3 parameters:\n1) Expected to be the 'self' object.\n2) The instance of the genetic algorithm.\n2) A list of the fitness values of the solutions in the last population.\nThe passed method named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_stop.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_stop.__code__.co_argcount)) # Check if the on_stop is a function. elif callable(on_stop): # Check if the on_stop function accepts 2 paramaters. if (on_stop.__code__.co_argcount == 2): self.on_stop = on_stop else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The function assigned to the on_stop parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and a list of the fitness values of the solutions in the last population.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_stop.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_stop.__code__.co_argcount)) raise ValueError("The function assigned to the on_stop parameter must accept 2 parameters representing the instance of the genetic algorithm and a list of the fitness values of the solutions in the last population.\nThe passed function named '{funcname}' accepts {argcount} parameter(s).".format(funcname=on_stop.__code__.co_name, argcount=on_stop.__code__.co_argcount)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value assigned to the 'on_stop' parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_stop_type} found.".format(on_stop_type=type(on_stop))) raise TypeError("The value assigned to the 'on_stop' parameter is expected to be of type function but {on_stop_type} found.".format(on_stop_type=type(on_stop))) else: self.on_stop = None # Validate delay_after_gen if type(delay_after_gen) in GA.supported_int_float_types: if delay_after_gen >= 0.0: self.delay_after_gen = delay_after_gen else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'delay_after_gen' parameter must be a non-negative number. The value passed is ({delay_after_gen}) of type {delay_after_gen_type}.".format(delay_after_gen=delay_after_gen, delay_after_gen_type=type(delay_after_gen))) raise ValueError("The value passed to the 'delay_after_gen' parameter must be a non-negative number. The value passed is ({delay_after_gen}) of type {delay_after_gen_type}.".format(delay_after_gen=delay_after_gen, delay_after_gen_type=type(delay_after_gen))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'delay_after_gen' parameter must be of type int or float but {delay_after_gen_type} found.".format(delay_after_gen_type=type(delay_after_gen))) raise TypeError("The value passed to the 'delay_after_gen' parameter must be of type int or float but {delay_after_gen_type} found.".format(delay_after_gen_type=type(delay_after_gen))) # Validate save_best_solutions if type(save_best_solutions) is bool: if save_best_solutions == True: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("Use the 'save_best_solutions' parameter with caution as it may cause memory overflow when either the number of generations or number of genes is large.") else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'save_best_solutions' parameter must be of type bool but {save_best_solutions_type} found.".format(save_best_solutions_type=type(save_best_solutions))) raise TypeError("The value passed to the 'save_best_solutions' parameter must be of type bool but {save_best_solutions_type} found.".format(save_best_solutions_type=type(save_best_solutions))) # Validate save_solutions if type(save_solutions) is bool: if save_solutions == True: if not self.suppress_warnings: warnings.warn("Use the 'save_solutions' parameter with caution as it may cause memory overflow when either the number of generations, number of genes, or number of solutions in population is large.") else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value passed to the 'save_solutions' parameter must be of type bool but {save_solutions_type} found.".format(save_solutions_type=type(save_solutions))) raise TypeError("The value passed to the 'save_solutions' parameter must be of type bool but {save_solutions_type} found.".format(save_solutions_type=type(save_solutions))) # Validate allow_duplicate_genes if not (type(allow_duplicate_genes) is bool): self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected type of the 'allow_duplicate_genes' parameter is bool but {allow_duplicate_genes_type} found.".format(allow_duplicate_genes_type=type(allow_duplicate_genes))) raise TypeError("The expected type of the 'allow_duplicate_genes' parameter is bool but {allow_duplicate_genes_type} found.".format(allow_duplicate_genes_type=type(allow_duplicate_genes))) self.allow_duplicate_genes = allow_duplicate_genes self.stop_criteria = [] self.supported_stop_words = ["reach", "saturate"] if stop_criteria is None: # None: Stop after passing through all generations. self.stop_criteria = None elif type(stop_criteria) is str: # reach_{target_fitness}: Stop if the target fitness value is reached. # saturate_{num_generations}: Stop if the fitness value does not change (saturates) for the given number of generations. criterion = stop_criteria.split("_") if len(criterion) == 2: stop_word = criterion[0] number = criterion[1] if stop_word in self.supported_stop_words: pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In the 'stop_criteria' parameter, the supported stop words are '{supported_stop_words}' but '{stop_word}' found.".format(supported_stop_words=self.supported_stop_words, stop_word=stop_word)) raise ValueError("In the 'stop_criteria' parameter, the supported stop words are '{supported_stop_words}' but '{stop_word}' found.".format(supported_stop_words=self.supported_stop_words, stop_word=stop_word)) if number.replace(".", "").isnumeric(): number = float(number) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value following the stop word in the 'stop_criteria' parameter must be a number but the value ({stop_val}) of type {stop_val_type} found.".format(stop_val=number, stop_val_type=type(number))) raise ValueError("The value following the stop word in the 'stop_criteria' parameter must be a number but the value ({stop_val}) of type {stop_val_type} found.".format(stop_val=number, stop_val_type=type(number))) self.stop_criteria.append([stop_word, number]) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("For format of a single criterion in the 'stop_criteria' parameter is 'word_number' but '{stop_criteria}' found.".format(stop_criteria=stop_criteria)) raise ValueError("For format of a single criterion in the 'stop_criteria' parameter is 'word_number' but '{stop_criteria}' found.".format(stop_criteria=stop_criteria)) elif type(stop_criteria) in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: # Remove duplicate criterira by converting the list to a set then back to a list. stop_criteria = list(set(stop_criteria)) for idx, val in enumerate(stop_criteria): if type(val) is str: criterion = val.split("_") if len(criterion) == 2: stop_word = criterion[0] number = criterion[1] if stop_word in self.supported_stop_words: pass else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("In the 'stop_criteria' parameter, the supported stop words are {supported_stop_words} but '{stop_word}' found.".format(supported_stop_words=self.supported_stop_words, stop_word=stop_word)) raise ValueError("In the 'stop_criteria' parameter, the supported stop words are {supported_stop_words} but '{stop_word}' found.".format(supported_stop_words=self.supported_stop_words, stop_word=stop_word)) if number.replace(".", "").isnumeric(): number = float(number) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The value following the stop word in the 'stop_criteria' parameter must be a number but the value ({stop_val}) of type {stop_val_type} found.".format(stop_val=number, stop_val_type=type(number))) raise ValueError("The value following the stop word in the 'stop_criteria' parameter must be a number but the value ({stop_val}) of type {stop_val_type} found.".format(stop_val=number, stop_val_type=type(number))) self.stop_criteria.append([stop_word, number]) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The format of a single criterion in the 'stop_criteria' parameter is 'word_number' but {stop_criteria} found.".format(stop_criteria=criterion)) raise ValueError("The format of a single criterion in the 'stop_criteria' parameter is 'word_number' but {stop_criteria} found.".format(stop_criteria=criterion)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the 'stop_criteria' parameter is assigned a tuple/list/numpy.ndarray, then its elements must be strings but the value ({stop_criteria_val}) of type {stop_criteria_val_type} found at index {stop_criteria_val_idx}.".format(stop_criteria_val=val, stop_criteria_val_type=type(val), stop_criteria_val_idx=idx)) raise TypeError("When the 'stop_criteria' parameter is assigned a tuple/list/numpy.ndarray, then its elements must be strings but the value ({stop_criteria_val}) of type {stop_criteria_val_type} found at index {stop_criteria_val_idx}.".format(stop_criteria_val=val, stop_criteria_val_type=type(val), stop_criteria_val_idx=idx)) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("The expected value of the 'stop_criteria' is a single string or a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of strings but the value ({stop_criteria_val}) of type {stop_criteria_type} found.".format(stop_criteria_val=stop_criteria, stop_criteria_type=type(stop_criteria))) raise TypeError("The expected value of the 'stop_criteria' is a single string or a list/tuple/numpy.ndarray of strings but the value ({stop_criteria_val}) of type {stop_criteria_type} found.".format(stop_criteria_val=stop_criteria, stop_criteria_type=type(stop_criteria))) if parallel_processing is None: self.parallel_processing = None elif type(parallel_processing) in GA.supported_int_types: if parallel_processing > 0: self.parallel_processing = ["thread", parallel_processing] else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When the 'parallel_processing' parameter is assigned an integer, then the integer must be positive but the value ({parallel_processing_value}) found.".format(parallel_processing_value=parallel_processing)) raise ValueError("When the 'parallel_processing' parameter is assigned an integer, then the integer must be positive but the value ({parallel_processing_value}) found.".format(parallel_processing_value=parallel_processing)) elif type(parallel_processing) in [list, tuple]: if len(parallel_processing) == 2: if type(parallel_processing[0]) is str: if parallel_processing[0] in ["process", "thread"]: if (type(parallel_processing[1]) in GA.supported_int_types and parallel_processing[1] > 0) or (parallel_processing[1] == 0) or (parallel_processing[1] is None): if parallel_processing[1] == 0: # If the number of processes/threads is 0, this means no parallel processing is used. It is equivelant to setting parallel_processing=None. self.parallel_processing = None else: # Whether the second value is None or a positive integer. self.parallel_processing = parallel_processing else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the second element must be an integer but the value ({second_value}) of type {second_value_type} found.".format(second_value=parallel_processing[1], second_value_type=type(parallel_processing[1]))) raise TypeError("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the second element must be an integer but the value ({second_value}) of type {second_value_type} found.".format(second_value=parallel_processing[1], second_value_type=type(parallel_processing[1]))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the value of the first element must be either 'process' or 'thread' but the value ({first_value}) found.".format(first_value=parallel_processing[0])) raise ValueError("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the value of the first element must be either 'process' or 'thread' but the value ({first_value}) found.".format(first_value=parallel_processing[0])) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the first element must be of type 'str' but the value ({first_value}) of type {first_value_type} found.".format(first_value=parallel_processing[0], first_value_type=type(parallel_processing[0]))) raise TypeError("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then the first element must be of type 'str' but the value ({first_value}) of type {first_value_type} found.".format(first_value=parallel_processing[0], first_value_type=type(parallel_processing[0]))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then it must have 2 elements but ({num_elements}) found.".format(num_elements=len(parallel_processing))) raise ValueError("When a list or tuple is assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter, then it must have 2 elements but ({num_elements}) found.".format(num_elements=len(parallel_processing))) else: self.valid_parameters = False self.logger.error("Unexpected value ({parallel_processing_value}) of type ({parallel_processing_type}) assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter. The accepted values for this parameter are:\n1) None: (Default) It means no parallel processing is used.\n2) A positive integer referring to the number of threads to be used (i.e. threads, not processes, are used.\n3) list/tuple: If a list or a tuple of exactly 2 elements is assigned, then:\n\t*1) The first element can be either 'process' or 'thread' to specify whether processes or threads are used, respectively.\n\t*2) The second element can be:\n\t\t**1) A positive integer to select the maximum number of processes or threads to be used.\n\t\t**2) 0 to indicate that parallel processing is not used. This is identical to setting 'parallel_processing=None'.\n\t\t**3) None to use the default value as calculated by the concurrent.futures module.".format(parallel_processing_value=parallel_processing, parallel_processing_type=type(parallel_processing))) raise ValueError("Unexpected value ({parallel_processing_value}) of type ({parallel_processing_type}) assigned to the 'parallel_processing' parameter. The accepted values for this parameter are:\n1) None: (Default) It means no parallel processing is used.\n2) A positive integer referring to the number of threads to be used (i.e. threads, not processes, are used.\n3) list/tuple: If a list or a tuple of exactly 2 elements is assigned, then:\n\t*1) The first element can be either 'process' or 'thread' to specify whether processes or threads are used, respectively.\n\t*2) The second element can be:\n\t\t**1) A positive integer to select the maximum number of processes or threads to be used.\n\t\t**2) 0 to indicate that parallel processing is not used. This is identical to setting 'parallel_processing=None'.\n\t\t**3) None to use the default value as calculated by the concurrent.futures module.".format(parallel_processing_value=parallel_processing, parallel_processing_type=type(parallel_processing))) # Set the `run_completed` property to False. It is set to `True` only after the `run()` method is complete. self.run_completed = False # The number of completed generations. self.generations_completed = 0 # At this point, all necessary parameters validation is done successfully and we are sure that the parameters are valid. self.valid_parameters = True # Set to True when all the parameters passed in the GA class constructor are valid. # Parameters of the genetic algorithm. self.num_generations = abs(num_generations) self.parent_selection_type = parent_selection_type # Parameters of the mutation operation. self.mutation_percent_genes = mutation_percent_genes self.mutation_num_genes = mutation_num_genes # Even such this parameter is declared in the class header, it is assigned to the object here to access it after saving the object. self.best_solutions_fitness = [] # A list holding the fitness value of the best solution for each generation. self.best_solution_generation = -1 # The generation number at which the best fitness value is reached. It is only assigned the generation number after the `run()` method completes. Otherwise, its value is -1. self.save_best_solutions = save_best_solutions self.best_solutions = [] # Holds the best solution in each generation. self.save_solutions = save_solutions self.solutions = [] # Holds the solutions in each generation. self.solutions_fitness = [] # Holds the fitness of the solutions in each generation. self.last_generation_fitness = None # A list holding the fitness values of all solutions in the last generation. self.last_generation_parents = None # A list holding the parents of the last generation. self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = None # A list holding the offspring after applying crossover in the last generation. self.last_generation_offspring_mutation = None # A list holding the offspring after applying mutation in the last generation. self.previous_generation_fitness = None # Holds the fitness values of one generation before the fitness values saved in the last_generation_fitness attribute. Added in PyGAD 2.16.2. self.last_generation_elitism = None # Added in PyGAD 2.18.0. A NumPy array holding the elitism of the current generation according to the value passed in the 'keep_elitism' parameter. It works only if the 'keep_elitism' parameter has a non-zero value. self.last_generation_elitism_indices = None # Added in PyGAD 2.19.0. A NumPy array holding the indices of the elitism of the current generation. It works only if the 'keep_elitism' parameter has a non-zero value. def round_genes(self, solutions): for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): if self.gene_type_single: if not self.gene_type[1] is None: solutions[:, gene_idx] = numpy.round(solutions[:, gene_idx], self.gene_type[1]) else: if not self.gene_type[gene_idx][1] is None: solutions[:, gene_idx] = numpy.round(numpy.asarray(solutions[:, gene_idx], dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]), self.gene_type[gene_idx][1]) return solutions def initialize_population(self, low, high, allow_duplicate_genes, mutation_by_replacement, gene_type): """ Creates an initial population randomly as a NumPy array. The array is saved in the instance attribute named 'population'. low: The lower value of the random range from which the gene values in the initial population are selected. It defaults to -4. Available in PyGAD 1.0.20 and higher. high: The upper value of the random range from which the gene values in the initial population are selected. It defaults to -4. Available in PyGAD 1.0.20. This method assigns the values of the following 3 instance attributes: 1. pop_size: Size of the population. 2. population: Initially, holds the initial population and later updated after each generation. 3. init_population: Keeping the initial population. """ # Population size = (number of chromosomes, number of genes per chromosome) self.pop_size = (self.sol_per_pop,self.num_genes) # The population will have sol_per_pop chromosome where each chromosome has num_genes genes. if self.gene_space is None: # Creating the initial population randomly. if self.gene_type_single == True: self.population = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=self.pop_size), dtype=self.gene_type[0]) # A NumPy array holding the initial population. else: # Create an empty population of dtype=object to support storing mixed data types within the same array. self.population = numpy.zeros(shape=self.pop_size, dtype=object) # Loop through the genes, randomly generate the values of a single gene across the entire population, and add the values of each gene to the population. for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): # A vector of all values of this single gene across all solutions in the population. gene_values = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=self.pop_size[0]), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]) # Adding the current gene values to the population. self.population[:, gene_idx] = gene_values if allow_duplicate_genes == False: for solution_idx in range(self.population.shape[0]): # self.logger.info("Before", self.population[solution_idx]) self.population[solution_idx], _, _ = self.solve_duplicate_genes_randomly(solution=self.population[solution_idx], min_val=low, max_val=high, mutation_by_replacement=True, gene_type=gene_type, num_trials=10) # self.logger.info("After", self.population[solution_idx]) elif self.gene_space_nested: if self.gene_type_single == True: self.population = numpy.zeros(shape=self.pop_size, dtype=self.gene_type[0]) for sol_idx in range(self.sol_per_pop): for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): if type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) in [list, tuple, range]: # Check if the gene space has None values. If any, then replace it with randomly generated values according to the 3 attributes init_range_low, init_range_high, and gene_type. if type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) is range: temp = self.gene_space[gene_idx] else: temp = self.gene_space[gene_idx].copy() for idx, val in enumerate(self.gene_space[gene_idx]): if val is None: self.gene_space[gene_idx][idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = random.choice(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_type[0](self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx]) self.gene_space[gene_idx] = temp elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) is dict: if 'step' in self.gene_space[gene_idx].keys(): self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(numpy.arange(start=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['low'], stop=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['high'], step=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['step']), size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] else: self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['low'], high=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['high'], size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) == type(None): # The following commented code replace the None value with a single number that will not change again. # This means the gene value will be the same across all solutions. # self.gene_space[gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, # high=high, # size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] # self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_space[gene_idx].copy() # The above problem is solved by keeping the None value in the gene_space parameter. This forces PyGAD to generate this value for each solution. self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) in GA.supported_int_float_types: self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_space[gene_idx] else: self.population = numpy.zeros(shape=self.pop_size, dtype=object) for sol_idx in range(self.sol_per_pop): for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): if type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) in [list, tuple, range]: # Check if the gene space has None values. If any, then replace it with randomly generated values according to the 3 attributes init_range_low, init_range_high, and gene_type. temp = self.gene_space[gene_idx].copy() for idx, val in enumerate(self.gene_space[gene_idx]): if val is None: self.gene_space[gene_idx][idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = random.choice(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_type[gene_idx][0](self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx]) self.gene_space[gene_idx] = temp.copy() elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) is dict: if 'step' in self.gene_space[gene_idx].keys(): self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(numpy.arange(start=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['low'], stop=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['high'], step=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['step']), size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] else: self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['low'], high=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['high'], size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) == type(None): # self.gene_space[gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, # high=high, # size=1), # dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] # self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_space[gene_idx].copy() temp = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = temp elif type(self.gene_space[gene_idx]) in GA.supported_int_float_types: self.population[sol_idx, gene_idx] = self.gene_space[gene_idx] else: if self.gene_type_single == True: # Replace all the None values with random values using the init_range_low, init_range_high, and gene_type attributes. for idx, curr_gene_space in enumerate(self.gene_space): if curr_gene_space is None: self.gene_space[idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[0])[0] # Creating the initial population by randomly selecting the genes' values from the values inside the 'gene_space' parameter. if type(self.gene_space) is dict: if 'step' in self.gene_space.keys(): self.population = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(numpy.arange(start=self.gene_space['low'], stop=self.gene_space['high'], step=self.gene_space['step']), size=self.pop_size), dtype=self.gene_type[0]) else: self.population = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=self.gene_space['low'], high=self.gene_space['high'], size=self.pop_size), dtype=self.gene_type[0]) # A NumPy array holding the initial population. else: self.population = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(self.gene_space, size=self.pop_size), dtype=self.gene_type[0]) # A NumPy array holding the initial population. else: # Replace all the None values with random values using the init_range_low, init_range_high, and gene_type attributes. for gene_idx, curr_gene_space in enumerate(self.gene_space): if curr_gene_space is None: self.gene_space[gene_idx] = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=low, high=high, size=1), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0])[0] # Creating the initial population by randomly selecting the genes' values from the values inside the 'gene_space' parameter. if type(self.gene_space) is dict: # Create an empty population of dtype=object to support storing mixed data types within the same array. self.population = numpy.zeros(shape=self.pop_size, dtype=object) # Loop through the genes, randomly generate the values of a single gene across the entire population, and add the values of each gene to the population. for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): # A vector of all values of this single gene across all solutions in the population. if 'step' in self.gene_space[gene_idx].keys(): gene_values = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(numpy.arange(start=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['low'], stop=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['high'], step=self.gene_space[gene_idx]['step']), size=self.pop_size[0]), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]) else: gene_values = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.uniform(low=self.gene_space['low'], high=self.gene_space['high'], size=self.pop_size[0]), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]) # Adding the current gene values to the population. self.population[:, gene_idx] = gene_values else: # Create an empty population of dtype=object to support storing mixed data types within the same array. self.population = numpy.zeros(shape=self.pop_size, dtype=object) # Loop through the genes, randomly generate the values of a single gene across the entire population, and add the values of each gene to the population. for gene_idx in range(self.num_genes): # A vector of all values of this single gene across all solutions in the population. gene_values = numpy.asarray(numpy.random.choice(self.gene_space, size=self.pop_size[0]), dtype=self.gene_type[gene_idx][0]) # Adding the current gene values to the population. self.population[:, gene_idx] = gene_values if not (self.gene_space is None): if allow_duplicate_genes == False: for sol_idx in range(self.population.shape[0]): self.population[sol_idx], _, _ = self.solve_duplicate_genes_by_space(solution=self.population[sol_idx], gene_type=self.gene_type, num_trials=10, build_initial_pop=True) # Keeping the initial population in the initial_population attribute. self.initial_population = self.population.copy() def cal_pop_fitness(self): """ Calculating the fitness values of batches of solutions in the current population. It returns: -fitness: An array of the calculated fitness values. """ if self.valid_parameters == False: self.logger.error("ERROR calling the cal_pop_fitness() method: \nPlease check the parameters passed while creating an instance of the GA class.\n") raise Exception("ERROR calling the cal_pop_fitness() method: \nPlease check the parameters passed while creating an instance of the GA class.\n") # 'last_generation_parents_as_list' is the list version of 'self.last_generation_parents' # It is used to return the parent index using the 'in' membership operator of Python lists. This is much faster than using 'numpy.where()'. if self.last_generation_parents is not None: last_generation_parents_as_list = [list(gen_parent) for gen_parent in self.last_generation_parents] # 'last_generation_elitism_as_list' is the list version of 'self.last_generation_elitism' # It is used to return the elitism index using the 'in' membership operator of Python lists. This is much faster than using 'numpy.where()'. if self.last_generation_elitism is not None: last_generation_elitism_as_list = [list(gen_elitism) for gen_elitism in self.last_generation_elitism] pop_fitness = ["undefined"] * len(self.population) if self.parallel_processing is None: # Calculating the fitness value of each solution in the current population. for sol_idx, sol in enumerate(self.population): # Check if the `save_solutions` parameter is `True` and whether the solution already exists in the `solutions` list. If so, use its fitness rather than calculating it again. # The functions numpy.any()/numpy.all()/numpy.where()/numpy.equal() are very slow. # So, list membership operator 'in' is used to check if the solution exists in the 'self.solutions' list. # Make sure that both the solution and 'self.solutions' are of type 'list' not 'numpy.ndarray'. # if (self.save_solutions) and (len(self.solutions) > 0) and (numpy.any(numpy.all(self.solutions == numpy.array(sol), axis=1))): # if (self.save_solutions) and (len(self.solutions) > 0) and (numpy.any(numpy.all(numpy.equal(self.solutions, numpy.array(sol)), axis=1))): if (self.save_solutions) and (len(self.solutions) > 0) and (list(sol) in self.solutions): solution_idx = self.solutions.index(list(sol)) fitness = self.solutions_fitness[solution_idx] elif (self.keep_elitism > 0) and (self.last_generation_elitism is not None) and (len(self.last_generation_elitism) > 0) and (list(sol) in last_generation_elitism_as_list): # Return the index of the elitism from the elitism array 'self.last_generation_elitism'. # This is not its index within the population. It is just its index in the 'self.last_generation_elitism' array. elitism_idx = last_generation_elitism_as_list.index(list(sol)) # Use the returned elitism index to return its index in the last population. elitism_idx = self.last_generation_elitism_indices[elitism_idx] # Use the elitism's index to return its pre-calculated fitness value. fitness = self.previous_generation_fitness[elitism_idx] # If the solutions are not saved (i.e. `save_solutions=False`), check if this solution is a parent from the previous generation and its fitness value is already calculated. If so, use the fitness value instead of calling the fitness function. # We cannot use the `numpy.where()` function directly because it does not support the `axis` parameter. This is why the `numpy.all()` function is used to match the solutions on axis=1. # elif (self.last_generation_parents is not None) and len(numpy.where(numpy.all(self.last_generation_parents == sol, axis=1))[0] > 0): elif ((self.keep_parents == -1) or (self.keep_parents > 0)) and (self.last_generation_parents is not None) and (len(self.last_generation_parents) > 0) and (list(sol) in last_generation_parents_as_list): # Index of the parent in the 'self.last_generation_parents' array. # This is not its index within the population. It is just its index in the 'self.last_generation_parents' array. # parent_idx = numpy.where(numpy.all(self.last_generation_parents == sol, axis=1))[0][0] parent_idx = last_generation_parents_as_list.index(list(sol)) # Use the returned parent index to return its index in the last population. parent_idx = self.last_generation_parents_indices[parent_idx] # Use the parent's index to return its pre-calculated fitness value. fitness = self.previous_generation_fitness[parent_idx] else: # Check if batch processing is used. If not, then calculate this missing fitness value. if self.fitness_batch_size in [1, None]: fitness = self.fitness_func(self, sol, sol_idx) if type(fitness) in GA.supported_int_float_types: pass else: self.logger.error("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) raise ValueError("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) else: # Reaching this point means that batch processing is in effect to calculate the fitness values. # Do not continue the loop as no fitness is calculated. The fitness will be calculated later in batch mode. continue # This is only executed if the fitness value was already calculated. pop_fitness[sol_idx] = fitness if self.fitness_batch_size not in [1, None]: # Reaching this block means that batch fitness calculation is used. # Indices of the solutions to calculate their fitness. solutions_indices = numpy.where(numpy.array(pop_fitness) == "undefined")[0] # Number of batches. num_batches = int(numpy.ceil(len(solutions_indices) / self.fitness_batch_size)) # For each batch, get its indices and call the fitness function. for batch_idx in range(num_batches): batch_first_index = batch_idx * self.fitness_batch_size batch_last_index = (batch_idx + 1) * self.fitness_batch_size batch_indices = solutions_indices[batch_first_index:batch_last_index] batch_solutions = self.population[batch_indices, :] batch_fitness = self.fitness_func(self, batch_solutions, batch_indices) if type(batch_fitness) not in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: self.logger.error("Expected to receive a list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray from the fitness function but the value ({batch_fitness}) of type {batch_fitness_type}.".format(batch_fitness=batch_fitness, batch_fitness_type=type(batch_fitness))) raise TypeError("Expected to receive a list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray from the fitness function but the value ({batch_fitness}) of type {batch_fitness_type}.".format(batch_fitness=batch_fitness, batch_fitness_type=type(batch_fitness))) elif len(numpy.array(batch_fitness)) != len(batch_indices): self.logger.error("There is a mismatch between the number of solutions passed to the fitness function ({batch_indices_len}) and the number of fitness values returned ({batch_fitness_len}). They must match.".format(batch_fitness_len=len(batch_fitness), batch_indices_len=len(batch_indices))) raise ValueError("There is a mismatch between the number of solutions passed to the fitness function ({batch_indices_len}) and the number of fitness values returned ({batch_fitness_len}). They must match.".format(batch_fitness_len=len(batch_fitness), batch_indices_len=len(batch_indices))) for index, fitness in zip(batch_indices, batch_fitness): if type(fitness) in GA.supported_int_float_types: pop_fitness[index] = fitness else: self.logger.error("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) raise ValueError("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) else: # Calculating the fitness value of each solution in the current population. for sol_idx, sol in enumerate(self.population): # Check if the `save_solutions` parameter is `True` and whether the solution already exists in the `solutions` list. If so, use its fitness rather than calculating it again. # The functions numpy.any()/numpy.all()/numpy.where()/numpy.equal() are very slow. # So, list membership operator 'in' is used to check if the solution exists in the 'self.solutions' list. # Make sure that both the solution and 'self.solutions' are of type 'list' not 'numpy.ndarray'. if (self.save_solutions) and (len(self.solutions) > 0) and (list(sol) in self.solutions): solution_idx = self.solutions.index(list(sol)) fitness = self.solutions_fitness[solution_idx] pop_fitness[sol_idx] = fitness elif (self.keep_elitism > 0) and (self.last_generation_elitism is not None) and (len(self.last_generation_elitism) > 0) and (list(sol) in last_generation_elitism_as_list): # Return the index of the elitism from the elitism array 'self.last_generation_elitism'. # This is not its index within the population. It is just its index in the 'self.last_generation_elitism' array. elitism_idx = last_generation_elitism_as_list.index(list(sol)) # Use the returned elitism index to return its index in the last population. elitism_idx = self.last_generation_elitism_indices[elitism_idx] # Use the elitism's index to return its pre-calculated fitness value. fitness = self.previous_generation_fitness[elitism_idx] pop_fitness[sol_idx] = fitness # If the solutions are not saved (i.e. `save_solutions=False`), check if this solution is a parent from the previous generation and its fitness value is already calculated. If so, use the fitness value instead of calling the fitness function. # We cannot use the `numpy.where()` function directly because it does not support the `axis` parameter. This is why the `numpy.all()` function is used to match the solutions on axis=1. # elif (self.last_generation_parents is not None) and len(numpy.where(numpy.all(self.last_generation_parents == sol, axis=1))[0] > 0): elif ((self.keep_parents == -1) or (self.keep_parents > 0)) and (self.last_generation_parents is not None) and (len(self.last_generation_parents) > 0) and (list(sol) in last_generation_parents_as_list): # Index of the parent in the 'self.last_generation_parents' array. # This is not its index within the population. It is just its index in the 'self.last_generation_parents' array. # parent_idx = numpy.where(numpy.all(self.last_generation_parents == sol, axis=1))[0][0] parent_idx = last_generation_parents_as_list.index(list(sol)) # Use the returned parent index to return its index in the last population. parent_idx = self.last_generation_parents_indices[parent_idx] # Use the parent's index to return its pre-calculated fitness value. fitness = self.previous_generation_fitness[parent_idx] pop_fitness[sol_idx] = fitness # Decide which class to use based on whether the user selected "process" or "thread" if self.parallel_processing[0] == "process": ExecutorClass = concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor else: ExecutorClass = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor # We can use a with statement to ensure threads are cleaned up promptly (https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor-example) with ExecutorClass(max_workers=self.parallel_processing[1]) as executor: solutions_to_submit_indices = [] solutions_to_submit = [] for sol_idx, sol in enumerate(self.population): # The "undefined" value means that the fitness of this solution must be calculated. if pop_fitness[sol_idx] == "undefined": solutions_to_submit.append(sol.copy()) solutions_to_submit_indices.append(sol_idx) # Check if batch processing is used. If not, then calculate the fitness value for individual solutions. if self.fitness_batch_size in [1, None]: for index, fitness in zip(solutions_to_submit_indices, executor.map(self.fitness_func, [self]*len(solutions_to_submit_indices), solutions_to_submit, solutions_to_submit_indices)): if type(fitness) in GA.supported_int_float_types: pop_fitness[index] = fitness else: self.logger.error("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) raise ValueError("The fitness function should return a number but the value {fit_val} of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) else: # Reaching this block means that batch processing is used. The fitness values are calculated in batches. # Number of batches. num_batches = int(numpy.ceil(len(solutions_to_submit_indices) / self.fitness_batch_size)) # Each element of the `batches_solutions` list represents the solutions in one batch. batches_solutions = [] # Each element of the `batches_indices` list represents the solutions' indices in one batch. batches_indices = [] # For each batch, get its indices and call the fitness function. for batch_idx in range(num_batches): batch_first_index = batch_idx * self.fitness_batch_size batch_last_index = (batch_idx + 1) * self.fitness_batch_size batch_indices = solutions_to_submit_indices[batch_first_index:batch_last_index] batch_solutions = self.population[batch_indices, :] batches_solutions.append(batch_solutions) batches_indices.append(batch_indices) for batch_indices, batch_fitness in zip(batches_indices, executor.map(self.fitness_func, [self]*len(solutions_to_submit_indices), batches_solutions, batches_indices)): if type(batch_fitness) not in [list, tuple, numpy.ndarray]: self.logger.error("Expected to receive a list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray from the fitness function but the value ({batch_fitness}) of type {batch_fitness_type}.".format(batch_fitness=batch_fitness, batch_fitness_type=type(batch_fitness))) raise TypeError("Expected to receive a list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray from the fitness function but the value ({batch_fitness}) of type {batch_fitness_type}.".format(batch_fitness=batch_fitness, batch_fitness_type=type(batch_fitness))) elif len(numpy.array(batch_fitness)) != len(batch_indices): self.logger.error("There is a mismatch between the number of solutions passed to the fitness function ({batch_indices_len}) and the number of fitness values returned ({batch_fitness_len}). They must match.".format(batch_fitness_len=len(batch_fitness), batch_indices_len=len(batch_indices))) raise ValueError("There is a mismatch between the number of solutions passed to the fitness function ({batch_indices_len}) and the number of fitness values returned ({batch_fitness_len}). They must match.".format(batch_fitness_len=len(batch_fitness), batch_indices_len=len(batch_indices))) for index, fitness in zip(batch_indices, batch_fitness): if type(fitness) in GA.supported_int_float_types: pop_fitness[index] = fitness else: self.logger.error("The fitness function should return a number but the value ({fit_val}) of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) raise ValueError("The fitness function should return a number but the value ({fit_val}) of type {fit_type} found.".format(fit_val=fitness, fit_type=type(fitness))) pop_fitness = numpy.array(pop_fitness) return pop_fitness def run(self): """ Runs the genetic algorithm. This is the main method in which the genetic algorithm is evolved through a number of generations. """ if self.valid_parameters == False: self.logger.error("Error calling the run() method: \nThe run() method cannot be executed with invalid parameters. Please check the parameters passed while creating an instance of the GA class.\n") raise Exception("Error calling the run() method: \nThe run() method cannot be executed with invalid parameters. Please check the parameters passed while creating an instance of the GA class.\n") # Starting from PyGAD 2.18.0, the 4 properties (best_solutions, best_solutions_fitness, solutions, and solutions_fitness) are no longer reset with each call to the run() method. Instead, they are extended. # For example, if there are 50 generations and the user set save_best_solutions=True, then the length of the 2 properties best_solutions and best_solutions_fitness will be 50 after the first call to the run() method, then 100 after the second call, 150 after the third, and so on. # self.best_solutions: Holds the best solution in each generation. if type(self.best_solutions) is numpy.ndarray: self.best_solutions = list(self.best_solutions) # self.best_solutions_fitness: A list holding the fitness value of the best solution for each generation. if type(self.best_solutions_fitness) is numpy.ndarray: self.best_solutions_fitness = list(self.best_solutions_fitness) # self.solutions: Holds the solutions in each generation. if type(self.solutions) is numpy.ndarray: self.solutions = list(self.solutions) # self.solutions_fitness: Holds the fitness of the solutions in each generation. if type(self.solutions_fitness) is numpy.ndarray: self.solutions_fitness = list(self.solutions_fitness) if not (self.on_start is None): self.on_start(self) stop_run = False # To continue from where we stopped, the first generation index should start from the value of the 'self.generations_completed' parameter. if self.generations_completed != 0 and type(self.generations_completed) in GA.supported_int_types: # If the 'self.generations_completed' parameter is not '0', then this means we continue execution. generation_first_idx = self.generations_completed generation_last_idx = self.num_generations + self.generations_completed else: # If the 'self.generations_completed' parameter is '0', then stat from scratch. generation_first_idx = 0 generation_last_idx = self.num_generations # Measuring the fitness of each chromosome in the population. Save the fitness in the last_generation_fitness attribute. self.last_generation_fitness = self.cal_pop_fitness() best_solution, best_solution_fitness, best_match_idx = self.best_solution(pop_fitness=self.last_generation_fitness) # Appending the best solution in the initial population to the best_solutions list. if self.save_best_solutions: self.best_solutions.append(best_solution) for generation in range(generation_first_idx, generation_last_idx): if not (self.on_fitness is None): self.on_fitness(self, self.last_generation_fitness) # Appending the fitness value of the best solution in the current generation to the best_solutions_fitness attribute. self.best_solutions_fitness.append(best_solution_fitness) # Appending the solutions in the current generation to the solutions list. if self.save_solutions: # self.solutions.extend(self.population.copy()) population_as_list = self.population.copy() population_as_list = [list(item) for item in population_as_list] self.solutions.extend(population_as_list) self.solutions_fitness.extend(self.last_generation_fitness) # Selecting the best parents in the population for mating. if callable(self.parent_selection_type): self.last_generation_parents, self.last_generation_parents_indices = self.select_parents(self, self.last_generation_fitness, self.num_parents_mating, self) if not type(self.last_generation_parents) is numpy.ndarray: self.logger.error("The type of the iterable holding the selected parents is expected to be (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_parents_type} found.".format(last_generation_parents_type=type(self.last_generation_parents))) raise TypeError("The type of the iterable holding the selected parents is expected to be (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_parents_type} found.".format(last_generation_parents_type=type(self.last_generation_parents))) if not type(self.last_generation_parents_indices) is numpy.ndarray: self.logger.error("The type of the iterable holding the selected parents' indices is expected to be (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_parents_indices_type} found.".format(last_generation_parents_indices_type=type(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) raise TypeError("The type of the iterable holding the selected parents' indices is expected to be (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_parents_indices_type} found.".format(last_generation_parents_indices_type=type(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) else: self.last_generation_parents, self.last_generation_parents_indices = self.select_parents(self.last_generation_fitness, num_parents=self.num_parents_mating) # Validate the output of the parent selection step: self.select_parents() if self.last_generation_parents.shape != (self.num_parents_mating, self.num_genes): if self.last_generation_parents.shape[0] != self.num_parents_mating: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the size of the selected parents {parents_size_actual} and the expected size {parents_size_expected}. It is expected to select ({num_parents_mating}) parents but ({num_parents_mating_selected}) selected.".format(parents_size_actual=self.last_generation_parents.shape, parents_size_expected=(self.num_parents_mating, self.num_genes), num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_parents_mating_selected=self.last_generation_parents.shape[0])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the size of the selected parents {parents_size_actual} and the expected size {parents_size_expected}. It is expected to select ({num_parents_mating}) parents but ({num_parents_mating_selected}) selected.".format(parents_size_actual=self.last_generation_parents.shape, parents_size_expected=(self.num_parents_mating, self.num_genes), num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_parents_mating_selected=self.last_generation_parents.shape[0])) elif self.last_generation_parents.shape[1] != self.num_genes: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the size of the selected parents {parents_size_actual} and the expected size {parents_size_expected}. Parents are expected to have ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_selected}) produced.".format(parents_size_actual=self.last_generation_parents.shape, parents_size_expected=(self.num_parents_mating, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_selected=self.last_generation_parents.shape[1])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the size of the selected parents {parents_size_actual} and the expected size {parents_size_expected}. Parents are expected to have ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_selected}) produced.".format(parents_size_actual=self.last_generation_parents.shape, parents_size_expected=(self.num_parents_mating, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_selected=self.last_generation_parents.shape[1])) if self.last_generation_parents_indices.ndim != 1: self.logger.error("The iterable holding the selected parents indices is expected to have 1 dimension but ({parents_indices_ndim}) found.".format(parents_indices_ndim=len(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) raise ValueError("The iterable holding the selected parents indices is expected to have 1 dimension but ({parents_indices_ndim}) found.".format(parents_indices_ndim=len(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) elif len(self.last_generation_parents_indices) != self.num_parents_mating: self.logger.error("The iterable holding the selected parents indices is expected to have ({num_parents_mating}) values but ({num_parents_mating_selected}) found.".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_parents_mating_selected=len(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) raise ValueError("The iterable holding the selected parents indices is expected to have ({num_parents_mating}) values but ({num_parents_mating_selected}) found.".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_parents_mating_selected=len(self.last_generation_parents_indices))) if not (self.on_parents is None): self.on_parents(self, self.last_generation_parents) # If self.crossover_type=None, then no crossover is applied and thus no offspring will be created in the next generations. The next generation will use the solutions in the current population. if self.crossover_type is None: if self.keep_elitism == 0: num_parents_to_keep = self.num_parents_mating if self.keep_parents == -1 else self.keep_parents if self.num_offspring <= num_parents_to_keep: self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = self.last_generation_parents[0:self.num_offspring] else: self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = numpy.concatenate((self.last_generation_parents, self.population[0:(self.num_offspring - self.last_generation_parents.shape[0])])) else: # The steady_state_selection() function is called to select the best solutions (i.e. elitism). The keep_elitism parameter defines the number of these solutions. # The steady_state_selection() function is still called here even if its output may not be used given that the condition of the next if statement is True. The reason is that it will be used later. self.last_generation_elitism, _ = self.steady_state_selection(self.last_generation_fitness, num_parents=self.keep_elitism) if self.num_offspring <= self.keep_elitism: self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = self.last_generation_parents[0:self.num_offspring] else: self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = numpy.concatenate((self.last_generation_elitism, self.population[0:(self.num_offspring - self.last_generation_elitism.shape[0])])) else: # Generating offspring using crossover. if callable(self.crossover_type): self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = self.crossover(self.last_generation_parents, (self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), self) if not type(self.last_generation_offspring_crossover) is numpy.ndarray: self.logger.error("The output of the crossover step is expected to be of type (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_offspring_crossover_type} found.".format(last_generation_offspring_crossover_type=type(self.last_generation_offspring_crossover))) raise TypeError("The output of the crossover step is expected to be of type (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_offspring_crossover_type} found.".format(last_generation_offspring_crossover_type=type(self.last_generation_offspring_crossover))) else: self.last_generation_offspring_crossover = self.crossover(self.last_generation_parents, offspring_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes)) if self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape != (self.num_offspring, self.num_genes): if self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[0] != self.num_offspring: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the crossover output {crossover_actual_size} and the expected crossover output {crossover_expected_size}. It is expected to produce ({num_offspring}) offspring but ({num_offspring_produced}) produced.".format(crossover_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape, crossover_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_offspring=self.num_offspring, num_offspring_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[0])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the crossover output {crossover_actual_size} and the expected crossover output {crossover_expected_size}. It is expected to produce ({num_offspring}) offspring but ({num_offspring_produced}) produced.".format(crossover_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape, crossover_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_offspring=self.num_offspring, num_offspring_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[0])) elif self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[1] != self.num_genes: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the crossover output {crossover_actual_size} and the expected crossover output {crossover_expected_size}. It is expected that the offspring has ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_produced}) produced.".format(crossover_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape, crossover_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[1])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the crossover output {crossover_actual_size} and the expected crossover output {crossover_expected_size}. It is expected that the offspring has ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_produced}) produced.".format(crossover_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape, crossover_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_crossover.shape[1])) # PyGAD 2.18.2 // The on_crossover() callback function is called even if crossover_type is None. if not (self.on_crossover is None): self.on_crossover(self, self.last_generation_offspring_crossover) # If self.mutation_type=None, then no mutation is applied and thus no changes are applied to the offspring created using the crossover operation. The offspring will be used unchanged in the next generation. if self.mutation_type is None: self.last_generation_offspring_mutation = self.last_generation_offspring_crossover else: # Adding some variations to the offspring using mutation. if callable(self.mutation_type): self.last_generation_offspring_mutation = self.mutation(self.last_generation_offspring_crossover, self) if not type(self.last_generation_offspring_mutation) is numpy.ndarray: self.logger.error("The output of the mutation step is expected to be of type (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_offspring_mutation_type} found.".format(last_generation_offspring_mutation_type=type(self.last_generation_offspring_mutation))) raise TypeError("The output of the mutation step is expected to be of type (numpy.ndarray) but {last_generation_offspring_mutation_type} found.".format(last_generation_offspring_mutation_type=type(self.last_generation_offspring_mutation))) else: self.last_generation_offspring_mutation = self.mutation(self.last_generation_offspring_crossover) if self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape != (self.num_offspring, self.num_genes): if self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[0] != self.num_offspring: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the mutation output {mutation_actual_size} and the expected mutation output {mutation_expected_size}. It is expected to produce ({num_offspring}) offspring but ({num_offspring_produced}) produced.".format(mutation_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape, mutation_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_offspring=self.num_offspring, num_offspring_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[0])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the mutation output {mutation_actual_size} and the expected mutation output {mutation_expected_size}. It is expected to produce ({num_offspring}) offspring but ({num_offspring_produced}) produced.".format(mutation_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape, mutation_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_offspring=self.num_offspring, num_offspring_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[0])) elif self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[1] != self.num_genes: self.logger.error("Size mismatch between the mutation output {mutation_actual_size} and the expected mutation output {mutation_expected_size}. It is expected that the offspring has ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_produced}) produced.".format(mutation_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape, mutation_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[1])) raise ValueError("Size mismatch between the mutation output {mutation_actual_size} and the expected mutation output {mutation_expected_size}. It is expected that the offspring has ({num_genes}) genes but ({num_genes_produced}) produced.".format(mutation_actual_size=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape, mutation_expected_size=(self.num_offspring, self.num_genes), num_genes=self.num_genes, num_genes_produced=self.last_generation_offspring_mutation.shape[1])) # PyGAD 2.18.2 // The on_mutation() callback function is called even if mutation_type is None. if not (self.on_mutation is None): self.on_mutation(self, self.last_generation_offspring_mutation) # Update the population attribute according to the offspring generated. if self.keep_elitism == 0: # If the keep_elitism parameter is 0, then the keep_parents parameter will be used to decide if the parents are kept in the next generation. if (self.keep_parents == 0): self.population = self.last_generation_offspring_mutation elif (self.keep_parents == -1): # Creating the new population based on the parents and offspring. self.population[0:self.last_generation_parents.shape[0], :] = self.last_generation_parents self.population[self.last_generation_parents.shape[0]:, :] = self.last_generation_offspring_mutation elif (self.keep_parents > 0): parents_to_keep, _ = self.steady_state_selection(self.last_generation_fitness, num_parents=self.keep_parents) self.population[0:parents_to_keep.shape[0], :] = parents_to_keep self.population[parents_to_keep.shape[0]:, :] = self.last_generation_offspring_mutation else: self.last_generation_elitism, self.last_generation_elitism_indices = self.steady_state_selection(self.last_generation_fitness, num_parents=self.keep_elitism) self.population[0:self.last_generation_elitism.shape[0], :] = self.last_generation_elitism self.population[self.last_generation_elitism.shape[0]:, :] = self.last_generation_offspring_mutation self.generations_completed = generation + 1 # The generations_completed attribute holds the number of the last completed generation. self.previous_generation_fitness = self.last_generation_fitness.copy() # Measuring the fitness of each chromosome in the population. Save the fitness in the last_generation_fitness attribute. self.last_generation_fitness = self.cal_pop_fitness() best_solution, best_solution_fitness, best_match_idx = self.best_solution(pop_fitness=self.last_generation_fitness) # Appending the best solution in the current generation to the best_solutions list. if self.save_best_solutions: self.best_solutions.append(best_solution) # If the on_generation attribute is not None, then cal the callback function after the generation. if not (self.on_generation is None): r = self.on_generation(self) if type(r) is str and r.lower() == "stop": # Before aborting the loop, save the fitness value of the best solution. # _, best_solution_fitness, _ = self.best_solution() self.best_solutions_fitness.append(best_solution_fitness) break if not self.stop_criteria is None: for criterion in self.stop_criteria: if criterion[0] == "reach": if max(self.last_generation_fitness) >= criterion[1]: stop_run = True break elif criterion[0] == "saturate": criterion[1] = int(criterion[1]) if (self.generations_completed >= criterion[1]): if (self.best_solutions_fitness[self.generations_completed - criterion[1]] - self.best_solutions_fitness[self.generations_completed - 1]) == 0: stop_run = True break if stop_run: break time.sleep(self.delay_after_gen) # Save the fitness of the last generation. if self.save_solutions: # self.solutions.extend(self.population.copy()) population_as_list = self.population.copy() population_as_list = [list(item) for item in population_as_list] self.solutions.extend(population_as_list) self.solutions_fitness.extend(self.last_generation_fitness) # Save the fitness value of the best solution. _, best_solution_fitness, _ = self.best_solution(pop_fitness=self.last_generation_fitness) self.best_solutions_fitness.append(best_solution_fitness) self.best_solution_generation = numpy.where(numpy.array(self.best_solutions_fitness) == numpy.max(numpy.array(self.best_solutions_fitness)))[0][0] # After the run() method completes, the run_completed flag is changed from False to True. self.run_completed = True # Set to True only after the run() method completes gracefully. if not (self.on_stop is None): self.on_stop(self, self.last_generation_fitness) # Converting the 'best_solutions' list into a NumPy array. self.best_solutions = numpy.array(self.best_solutions) # Converting the 'solutions' list into a NumPy array. # self.solutions = numpy.array(self.solutions) def best_solution(self, pop_fitness=None): """ Returns information about the best solution found by the genetic algorithm. Accepts the following parameters: pop_fitness: An optional parameter holding the fitness values of the solutions in the latest population. If passed, then it save time calculating the fitness. If None, then the 'cal_pop_fitness()' method is called to calculate the fitness of the latest population. The following are returned: -best_solution: Best solution in the current population. -best_solution_fitness: Fitness value of the best solution. -best_match_idx: Index of the best solution in the current population. """ if pop_fitness is None: # If the 'pop_fitness' parameter is not passed, then we have to call the 'cal_pop_fitness()' method to calculate the fitness of all solutions in the lastest population. pop_fitness = self.cal_pop_fitness() # Verify the type of the 'pop_fitness' parameter. elif type(pop_fitness) in [tuple, list, numpy.ndarray]: # Verify that the length of the passed population fitness matches the length of the 'self.population' attribute. if len(pop_fitness) == len(self.population): # This successfully verifies the 'pop_fitness' parameter. pass else: self.logger.error("The length of the list/tuple/numpy.ndarray passed to the 'pop_fitness' parameter ({pop_fitness_length}) must match the length of the 'self.population' attribute ({population_length}).".format(pop_fitness_length=len(pop_fitness), population_length=len(self.population))) raise ValueError("The length of the list/tuple/numpy.ndarray passed to the 'pop_fitness' parameter ({pop_fitness_length}) must match the length of the 'self.population' attribute ({population_length}).".format(pop_fitness_length=len(pop_fitness), population_length=len(self.population))) else: self.logger.error("The type of the 'pop_fitness' parameter is expected to be list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray but ({pop_fitness_type}) found.".format(pop_fitness_type=type(pop_fitness))) raise ValueError("The type of the 'pop_fitness' parameter is expected to be list, tuple, or numpy.ndarray but ({pop_fitness_type}) found.".format(pop_fitness_type=type(pop_fitness))) # Return the index of the best solution that has the best fitness value. best_match_idx = numpy.where(pop_fitness == numpy.max(pop_fitness))[0][0] best_solution = self.population[best_match_idx, :].copy() best_solution_fitness = pop_fitness[best_match_idx] return best_solution, best_solution_fitness, best_match_idx def save(self, filename): """ Saves the genetic algorithm instance: -filename: Name of the file to save the instance. No extension is needed. """ cloudpickle_serialized_object = cloudpickle.dumps(self) with open(filename + ".pkl", 'wb') as file: file.write(cloudpickle_serialized_object) cloudpickle.dump(self, file) def summary(self, line_length=70, fill_character=" ", line_character="-", line_character2="=", columns_equal_len=False, print_step_parameters=True, print_parameters_summary=True): """ The summary() method prints a summary of the PyGAD lifecycle in a Keras style. The parameters are: line_length: An integer representing the length of the single line in characters. fill_character: A character to fill the lines. line_character: A character for creating a line separator. line_character2: A secondary character to create a line separator. columns_equal_len: The table rows are split into equal-sized columns or split subjective to the width needed. print_step_parameters: Whether to print extra parameters about each step inside the step. If print_step_parameters=False and print_parameters_summary=True, then the parameters of each step are printed at the end of the table. print_parameters_summary: Whether to print parameters summary at the end of the table. If print_step_parameters=False, then the parameters of each step are printed at the end of the table too. """ summary_output = "" def fill_message(msg, line_length=line_length, fill_character=fill_character): num_spaces = int((line_length - len(msg))/2) num_spaces = int(num_spaces / len(fill_character)) msg = "{spaces}{msg}{spaces}".format(msg=msg, spaces=fill_character * num_spaces) return msg def line_separator(line_length=line_length, line_character=line_character): num_characters = int(line_length / len(line_character)) return line_character * num_characters def create_row(columns, line_length=line_length, fill_character=fill_character, split_percentages=None): filled_columns = [] if split_percentages == None: split_percentages = [int(100/len(columns))] * 3 columns_lengths = [int((split_percentages[idx] * line_length) / 100) for idx in range(len(split_percentages))] for column_idx, column in enumerate(columns): current_column_length = len(column) extra_characters = columns_lengths[column_idx] - current_column_length filled_column = column + fill_character * extra_characters filled_column = column + fill_character * extra_characters filled_columns.append(filled_column) return "".join(filled_columns) def print_parent_selection_params(): nonlocal summary_output m = "Number of Parents: {num_parents_mating}".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if self.parent_selection_type == "tournament": m = "K Tournament: {K_tournament}".format(K_tournament=self.K_tournament) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" def print_fitness_params(): nonlocal summary_output if not self.fitness_batch_size is None: m = "Fitness batch size: {fitness_batch_size}".format(fitness_batch_size=self.fitness_batch_size) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" def print_crossover_params(): nonlocal summary_output if not self.crossover_probability is None: m = "Crossover probability: {crossover_probability}".format(crossover_probability=self.crossover_probability) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" def print_mutation_params(): nonlocal summary_output if not self.mutation_probability is None: m = "Mutation Probability: {mutation_probability}".format(mutation_probability=self.mutation_probability) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if self.mutation_percent_genes == "default": m = "Mutation Percentage: {mutation_percent_genes}".format(mutation_percent_genes=self.mutation_percent_genes) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" # Number of mutation genes is already showed above. m = "Mutation Genes: {mutation_num_genes}".format(mutation_num_genes=self.mutation_num_genes) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Random Mutation Range: ({random_mutation_min_val}, {random_mutation_max_val})".format(random_mutation_min_val=self.random_mutation_min_val, random_mutation_max_val=self.random_mutation_max_val) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if not self.gene_space is None: m = "Gene Space: {gene_space}".format(gene_space=self.gene_space) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Mutation by Replacement: {mutation_by_replacement}".format(mutation_by_replacement=self.mutation_by_replacement) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Allow Duplicated Genes: {allow_duplicate_genes}".format(allow_duplicate_genes=self.allow_duplicate_genes) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" def print_on_generation_params(): nonlocal summary_output if not self.stop_criteria is None: m = "Stop Criteria: {stop_criteria}".format(stop_criteria=self.stop_criteria) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" def print_params_summary(): nonlocal summary_output m = "Population Size: ({sol_per_pop}, {num_genes})".format(sol_per_pop=self.sol_per_pop, num_genes=self.num_genes) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Number of Generations: {num_generations}".format(num_generations=self.num_generations) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Initial Population Range: ({init_range_low}, {init_range_high})".format(init_range_low=self.init_range_low, init_range_high=self.init_range_high) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if not print_step_parameters: print_fitness_params() if not print_step_parameters: print_parent_selection_params() if self.keep_elitism != 0: m = "Keep Elitism: {keep_elitism}".format(keep_elitism=self.keep_elitism) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" else: m = "Keep Parents: {keep_parents}".format(keep_parents=self.keep_parents) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Gene DType: {gene_type}".format(gene_type=self.gene_type) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if not print_step_parameters: print_crossover_params() if not print_step_parameters: print_mutation_params() if self.delay_after_gen != 0: m = "Post-Generation Delay: {delay_after_gen}".format(delay_after_gen=self.delay_after_gen) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if not print_step_parameters: print_on_generation_params() if not self.parallel_processing is None: m = "Parallel Processing: {parallel_processing}".format(parallel_processing=self.parallel_processing) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if not self.random_seed is None: m = "Random Seed: {random_seed}".format(random_seed=self.random_seed) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Save Best Solutions: {save_best_solutions}".format(save_best_solutions=self.save_best_solutions) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = "Save Solutions: {save_solutions}".format(save_solutions=self.save_solutions) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = line_separator(line_character=line_character) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = fill_message("PyGAD Lifecycle") self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = line_separator(line_character=line_character2) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" lifecycle_steps = ["on_start()", "Fitness Function", "On Fitness", "Parent Selection", "On Parents", "Crossover", "On Crossover", "Mutation", "On Mutation", "On Generation", "On Stop"] lifecycle_functions = [self.on_start, self.fitness_func, self.on_fitness, self.select_parents, self.on_parents, self.crossover, self.on_crossover, self.mutation, self.on_mutation, self.on_generation, self.on_stop] lifecycle_functions = [getattr(lifecycle_func, '__name__', "None") for lifecycle_func in lifecycle_functions] lifecycle_functions = [lifecycle_func + "()" if lifecycle_func != "None" else "None" for lifecycle_func in lifecycle_functions] lifecycle_output = ["None", "(1)", "None", "({num_parents_mating}, {num_genes})".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_genes=self.num_genes), "None", "({num_parents_mating}, {num_genes})".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_genes=self.num_genes), "None", "({num_parents_mating}, {num_genes})".format(num_parents_mating=self.num_parents_mating, num_genes=self.num_genes), "None", "None", "None"] lifecycle_step_parameters = [None, print_fitness_params, None, print_parent_selection_params, None, print_crossover_params, None, print_mutation_params, None, print_on_generation_params, None] if not columns_equal_len: max_lengthes = [max(list(map(len, lifecycle_steps))), max(list(map(len, lifecycle_functions))), max(list(map(len, lifecycle_output)))] split_percentages = [int((column_len / sum(max_lengthes)) * 100) for column_len in max_lengthes] else: split_percentages = None header_columns = ["Step", "Handler", "Output Shape"] header_row = create_row(header_columns, split_percentages=split_percentages) m = header_row self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = line_separator(line_character=line_character2) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" for lifecycle_idx in range(len(lifecycle_steps)): lifecycle_column = [lifecycle_steps[lifecycle_idx], lifecycle_functions[lifecycle_idx], lifecycle_output[lifecycle_idx]] if lifecycle_column[1] == "None": continue lifecycle_row = create_row(lifecycle_column, split_percentages=split_percentages) m = lifecycle_row self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if print_step_parameters: if not lifecycle_step_parameters[lifecycle_idx] is None: lifecycle_step_parameters[lifecycle_idx]() m = line_separator(line_character=line_character) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" m = line_separator(line_character=line_character2) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" if print_parameters_summary: print_params_summary() m = line_separator(line_character=line_character2) self.logger.info(m) summary_output = summary_output + m + "\n" return summary_output def load(filename): """ Reads a saved instance of the genetic algorithm: -filename: Name of the file to read the instance. No extension is needed. Returns the genetic algorithm instance. """ try: with open(filename + ".pkl", 'rb') as file: ga_in = cloudpickle.load(file) except FileNotFoundError: raise FileNotFoundError("Error reading the file {filename}. Please check your inputs.".format(filename=filename)) except: # raise BaseException("Error loading the file. If the file already exists, please reload all the functions previously used (e.g. fitness function).") raise BaseException("Error loading the file.") return ga_in