diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 839cef024..2956b9345 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 Change Log
 
+v5.4.3
+---
+* Fixed `controlFlowFlattening` occasionally dropping the `?.` short-circuit on `foo?.(arg)` calls, causing `TypeError: <X> is not a function`. Fixes https://github.com/javascript-obfuscator/javascript-obfuscator/issues/1408
+
 v5.4.2
 ---
 * Fixed obfuscated code hanging in Bun when `selfDefending` is enabled. Fixes https://github.com/javascript-obfuscator/javascript-obfuscator/issues/1404
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 0612d2257..71bad57d9 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "javascript-obfuscator",
-  "version": "5.4.2",
+  "version": "5.4.3",
   "description": "JavaScript obfuscator",
   "keywords": [
     "obfuscator",
diff --git a/src/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.ts b/src/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.ts
index a3d17e589..c02b59c17 100644
--- a/src/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.ts
+++ b/src/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.ts
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ export class CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer extends AbstractControlFlowReplac
 
         const isChainExpressionParent = NodeGuards.isChainExpressionNode(parentNode);
 
-        const replacerId: number = callExpressionNode.arguments.length;
+        // Bucket reuse-eligible wrappers by both arg count AND optional-ness, so an
+        // optional `foo?.(arg)` call never reuses the wrapper of a non-optional `bar(arg)`
+        // that happens to share `arguments.length` — which would drop the `?.` short-circuit
+        // and crash on undefined callees (issue #1408).
+        const replacerId: string = `${callExpressionNode.arguments.length}-${isChainExpressionParent ? 'optional' : 'standard'}`;
         const callExpressionFunctionCustomNode: ICustomNode<TInitialData<CallExpressionFunctionNode>> =
             this.controlFlowCustomNodeFactory(ControlFlowCustomNode.CallExpressionFunctionNode);
         const expressionArguments: (ESTree.Expression | ESTree.SpreadElement)[] = callExpressionNode.arguments;
diff --git a/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.spec.ts b/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.spec.ts
index ea3b91a2f..0259d32d0 100644
--- a/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.spec.ts
+++ b/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer.spec.ts
@@ -248,5 +248,33 @@ describe('CallExpressionControlFlowReplacer', function () {
                 assert.match(obfuscatedCode, controlFlowStorageNodeRegExp);
             });
         });
+
+        describe('Variant #8 - optional `?.()` call must not reuse a non-optional wrapper (issue #1408)', () => {
+            const samplesCount: number = 200;
+
+            it('should preserve the `?.` short-circuit on every obfuscation when an optional call and a non-optional call share the same arity', () => {
+                const code: string = readFileAsString(
+                    __dirname + '/fixtures/issue-1408-mixed-optional-and-plain-calls.js'
+                );
+
+                for (let i = 0; i < samplesCount; i++) {
+                    const obfuscatedCode: string = JavaScriptObfuscator.obfuscate(code, {
+                        ...NO_ADDITIONAL_NODES_PRESET,
+                        controlFlowFlattening: true,
+                        controlFlowFlatteningThreshold: 1,
+                        deadCodeInjection: true,
+                        deadCodeInjectionThreshold: 1
+                    }).getObfuscatedCode();
+
+                    const result: unknown = eval(obfuscatedCode);
+
+                    assert.strictEqual(
+                        result,
+                        'ok',
+                        `iteration ${i}: optional ?.() call lost its short-circuit (obfuscated code threw or returned wrong value)`
+                    );
+                }
+            });
+        });
     });
 });
diff --git a/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/fixtures/issue-1408-mixed-optional-and-plain-calls.js b/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/fixtures/issue-1408-mixed-optional-and-plain-calls.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17e43b54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/functional-tests/node-transformers/control-flow-transformers/control-flow-replacers/call-expression-control-flow-replacer/fixtures/issue-1408-mixed-optional-and-plain-calls.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+(function () {
+    function noise (n) {
+        var acc = 0;
+        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (i % 2 === 0) {
+                acc += i;
+            } else {
+                acc ^= i;
+            }
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+    function bump (v) {
+        return v + 1;
+    }
+
+    function outer () {
+        var captured = undefined;
+        var inner = function (msg) {
+            captured?.(msg);
+            return 'ok';
+        };
+        return inner('payload');
+    }
+
+    noise(50);
+    bump(7);
+    noise(25);
+    bump(13);
+    return outer();
+})();