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| 1 | +<!-- |
| 2 | +
|
| 3 | +@license Apache-2.0 |
| 4 | +
|
| 5 | +Copyright (c) 2018 The Stdlib Authors. |
| 6 | +
|
| 7 | +Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); |
| 8 | +you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. |
| 9 | +You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| 10 | +
|
| 11 | + http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| 12 | +
|
| 13 | +Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
| 14 | +distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
| 15 | +WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
| 16 | +See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
| 17 | +limitations under the License. |
| 18 | +
|
| 19 | +--> |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +# Stack |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +> Stack data structure. |
| 24 | +
|
| 25 | +<!-- Section to include introductory text. Make sure to keep an empty line after the intro `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --> |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +<section class="intro"> |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +</section> |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +<!-- /.intro --> |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +<!-- Package usage documentation. --> |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +<section class="usage"> |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +## Usage |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +```javascript |
| 40 | +var stack = require( '@stdlib/dstructs/stack' ); |
| 41 | +``` |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +#### stack() |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +Returns a `Stack` instance. |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +```javascript |
| 48 | +var s = stack(); |
| 49 | +// returns <Stack> |
| 50 | +``` |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +##### s.clear() |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +Clears a stack. |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +```javascript |
| 57 | +var s = stack(); |
| 58 | +// returns <Stack> |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 61 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +// Peek at the top value: |
| 64 | +var v = s.first(); |
| 65 | +// returns 'bar' |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +// Examine the stack length: |
| 68 | +var len = s.length; |
| 69 | +// returns 2 |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +// Clear all stack items: |
| 72 | +s.clear(); |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +// Peek at the top value: |
| 75 | +v = s.first(); |
| 76 | +// returns undefined |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +// Examine the stack length: |
| 79 | +len = s.length; |
| 80 | +// returns 0 |
| 81 | +``` |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +##### s.first() |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +Returns the top stack value (i.e., the value which is "first-out"). If the stack is currently empty, the returned value is `undefined`. |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +```javascript |
| 88 | +var s = stack(); |
| 89 | +// returns <Stack> |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 92 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | +// Peek at the top value: |
| 95 | +var v = s.first(); |
| 96 | +// returns 'bar' |
| 97 | +``` |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +##### s.iterator() |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +Returns an iterator for iterating over a stack. If an environment supports `Symbol.iterator`, the returned iterator is iterable. |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +```javascript |
| 104 | +var s = stack(); |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 107 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +// Create an iterator: |
| 110 | +var it = s.iterator(); |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | +// Iterate over the stack... |
| 113 | +var v = it.next().value; |
| 114 | +// returns 'bar' |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +v = it.next().value; |
| 117 | +// returns 'foo' |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +var bool = it.next().done; |
| 120 | +// returns true |
| 121 | +``` |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +**Note**: in order to prevent confusion arising from stack mutation during iteration, a returned iterator **always** iterates over a stack "snapshot", which is defined as the list of stack elements at the time of `s.iterator()` invocation. |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +##### s.last() |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | +Returns the bottom stack value (i.e., the value which is "last-out"). If the stack is currently empty, the returned value is `undefined`. |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +```javascript |
| 130 | +var s = stack(); |
| 131 | +// returns <Stack> |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 134 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +// Peek at the bottom value: |
| 137 | +var v = s.last(); |
| 138 | +// returns 'foo' |
| 139 | +``` |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +##### s.length |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +Stack length. |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +```javascript |
| 146 | +var s = stack(); |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | +// Examine the initial stack length: |
| 149 | +var len = s.length; |
| 150 | +// returns 0 |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 153 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | +// Retrieve the current stack length: |
| 156 | +len = s.length; |
| 157 | +// returns 2 |
| 158 | +``` |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | +##### s.pop() |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +Removes a value from the stack. If the stack is currently empty, the returned value is `undefined`. |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +```javascript |
| 165 | +var s = stack(); |
| 166 | + |
| 167 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 168 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +// Remove the top value: |
| 171 | +var v = s.pop(); |
| 172 | +// returns 'bar' |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +// Add a new value to the stack: |
| 175 | +s.push( 'beep' ); |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | +// Remove the top value: |
| 178 | +v = s.pop(); |
| 179 | +// returns 'beep' |
| 180 | +``` |
| 181 | + |
| 182 | +##### s.push( value ) |
| 183 | + |
| 184 | +Adds a value to the stack. |
| 185 | + |
| 186 | +```javascript |
| 187 | +var s = stack(); |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 190 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | +// Remove the top value: |
| 193 | +var v = s.pop(); |
| 194 | +// returns 'bar' |
| 195 | + |
| 196 | +// Add a new value to the stack: |
| 197 | +s.push( 'beep' ); |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +// Remove the top value: |
| 200 | +v = s.pop(); |
| 201 | +// returns 'beep' |
| 202 | +``` |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | +##### s.toArray() |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +Returns an array of stack values. |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +```javascript |
| 209 | +var s = stack(); |
| 210 | + |
| 211 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 212 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +// Get an array of stack values: |
| 215 | +var vals = s.toArray(); |
| 216 | +// returns [ 'bar', 'foo' ] |
| 217 | +``` |
| 218 | + |
| 219 | +**Note**: the order of the returned array is reverse stack insertion order (i.e., the "newest" stack elements come before the "oldest" stack elements). |
| 220 | + |
| 221 | +##### s.toJSON() |
| 222 | + |
| 223 | +Serializes a stack as JSON. |
| 224 | + |
| 225 | +```javascript |
| 226 | +var s = stack(); |
| 227 | + |
| 228 | +// Add values to the stack: |
| 229 | +s.push( 'foo' ).push( 'bar' ); |
| 230 | + |
| 231 | +// Serialize to JSON: |
| 232 | +var o = s.toJSON(); |
| 233 | +// returns { 'type': 'stack', 'data': [ 'bar', 'foo' ] } |
| 234 | +``` |
| 235 | + |
| 236 | +**Note**: `JSON.stringify()` implicitly calls this method when stringifying a stack instance. |
| 237 | + |
| 238 | +</section> |
| 239 | + |
| 240 | +<!-- /.usage --> |
| 241 | + |
| 242 | +<!-- Package usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --> |
| 243 | + |
| 244 | +<section class="notes"> |
| 245 | + |
| 246 | +## Notes |
| 247 | + |
| 248 | +- A stack is also known as a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) queue. |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +</section> |
| 251 | + |
| 252 | +<!-- /.notes --> |
| 253 | + |
| 254 | +<!-- Package usage examples. --> |
| 255 | + |
| 256 | +<section class="examples"> |
| 257 | + |
| 258 | +## Examples |
| 259 | + |
| 260 | +<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" --> |
| 261 | + |
| 262 | +<!-- eslint-disable stdlib/no-redeclare --> |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | +```javascript |
| 265 | +var Stack = require( '@stdlib/dstructs/stack' ); |
| 266 | + |
| 267 | +// Create a new stack: |
| 268 | +var stack = new Stack(); |
| 269 | + |
| 270 | +// Add some values to the stack: |
| 271 | +stack.push( 'foo' ); |
| 272 | +stack.push( 'bar' ); |
| 273 | +stack.push( 'beep' ); |
| 274 | +stack.push( 'boop' ); |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +// Peek at the top and bottom stack values: |
| 277 | +var v = stack.first(); |
| 278 | +// returns 'boop' |
| 279 | + |
| 280 | +v = stack.last(); |
| 281 | +// returns 'foo' |
| 282 | + |
| 283 | +// Inspect the stack length: |
| 284 | +var len = stack.length; |
| 285 | +// returns 4 |
| 286 | + |
| 287 | +// Remove the top value: |
| 288 | +v = stack.pop(); |
| 289 | +// returns 'boop' |
| 290 | + |
| 291 | +// Inspect the stack length: |
| 292 | +len = stack.length; |
| 293 | +// returns 3 |
| 294 | + |
| 295 | +// Iterate over the stack: |
| 296 | +var iter = stack.iterator(); |
| 297 | +var i; |
| 298 | +for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { |
| 299 | + console.log( 'Stack value #%d: %s', i+1, iter.next().value ); |
| 300 | +} |
| 301 | + |
| 302 | +// Clear the stack: |
| 303 | +stack.clear(); |
| 304 | + |
| 305 | +// Inspect the stack length: |
| 306 | +len = stack.length; |
| 307 | +// returns 0 |
| 308 | +``` |
| 309 | + |
| 310 | +</section> |
| 311 | + |
| 312 | +<!-- /.examples --> |
| 313 | + |
| 314 | +<!-- Section to include cited references. If references are included, add a horizontal rule *before* the section. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --> |
| 315 | + |
| 316 | +<section class="references"> |
| 317 | + |
| 318 | +</section> |
| 319 | + |
| 320 | +<!-- /.references --> |
| 321 | + |
| 322 | +<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. --> |
| 323 | + |
| 324 | +<section class="related"> |
| 325 | + |
| 326 | +* * * |
| 327 | + |
| 328 | +## See Also |
| 329 | + |
| 330 | +- <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/utils/fifo`][@stdlib/utils/fifo]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue.</span> |
| 331 | + |
| 332 | +</section> |
| 333 | + |
| 334 | +<!-- /.related --> |
| 335 | + |
| 336 | +<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --> |
| 337 | + |
| 338 | +<section class="links"> |
| 339 | + |
| 340 | +<!-- <related-links> --> |
| 341 | + |
| 342 | +[@stdlib/utils/fifo]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/utils/fifo |
| 343 | + |
| 344 | +<!-- </related-links> --> |
| 345 | + |
| 346 | +</section> |
| 347 | + |
| 348 | +<!-- /.links --> |
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