/*
 *
 *  * The MIT License
 *  *
 *  * Copyright 2016 Shekhar Gulati <shekhargulati84@gmail.com>.
 *  *
 *  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 *  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 *  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 *  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 *  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 *  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *  *
 *  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 *  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *  *
 *  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 *  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 *  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 *  * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 *  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 *  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 *  * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

package strman;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;

/**
 * A String manipulation library without any dependencies
 */
public abstract class Strman {

    private static final Predicate<String> NULL_STRING_PREDICATE = str -> str == null;
    private static final Supplier<String> NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER = () -> "'value' should be not null.";

    private Strman() {
    }

    /**
     * Appends Strings to value
     *
     * @param value   initial String
     * @param appends an array of strings to append
     * @return full String
     */
    public static String append(final String value, final String... appends) {
        return appendArray(value, appends);
    }

    /**
     * Append an array of String to value
     *
     * @param value   initial String
     * @param appends an array of strings to append
     * @return full String
     */
    public static String appendArray(final String value, final String[] appends) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (appends == null || appends.length == 0) {
            return value;
        }
        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("");
        for (String append : appends) {
            joiner.add(append);
        }
        return value + joiner.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Get the character at index. This method will take care of negative indexes.
     * The valid value of index is between -(length-1) to (length-1).
     * For values which don't fall under this range Optional.empty will be returned.
     *
     * @param value input value
     * @param index location
     * @return an Optional String if found else empty
     */
    public static Optional<String> at(final String value, int index) {
        if (value == null || value.isEmpty()) {
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        int length = value.length();
        if (index < 0) {
            index = length + index;
        }
        return (index < length && index >= 0) ? Optional.of(String.valueOf(value.charAt(index))) : Optional.empty();
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array with strings between start and end.
     *
     * @param value input
     * @param start start
     * @param end   end
     * @return Array containing different parts between start and end.
     */

    public static String[] between(final String value, final String start, final String end) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(start, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, () -> "'start' should be not null.");
        validate(end, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, () -> "'end' should be not null.");

        String[] parts = value.split(end);
        return Arrays.stream(parts).map(subPart -> subPart.substring(subPart.indexOf(start) + start.length())).toArray(String[]::new);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String array consisting of the characters in the String.
     *
     * @param value input
     * @return character array
     */
    public static String[] chars(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.split("");
    }


    /**
     * Replace consecutive whitespace characters with a single space.
     *
     * @param value input String
     * @return collapsed String
     */
    public static String collapseWhitespace(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.trim().replaceAll("\\s\\s+", " ");
    }


    /**
     * Verifies that the needle is contained in the value. The search is case insensitive
     *
     * @param value  to search
     * @param needle to find
     * @return true if found else false.
     */
    public static boolean contains(final String value, final String needle) {
        return contains(value, needle, false);
    }

    /**
     * Verifies that the needle is contained in the value.
     *
     * @param value         to search
     * @param needle        to find
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return true if found else false.
     */
    public static boolean contains(final String value, final String needle, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.contains(needle);
        }
        return value.toLowerCase().contains(needle.toLowerCase());
    }

    /**
     * Verifies that all needles are contained in value. The search is case insensitive
     *
     * @param value   input String to search
     * @param needles needles to find
     * @return true if all needles are found else false.
     */
    public static boolean containsAll(final String value, final String[] needles) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Arrays.stream(needles).allMatch(needle -> contains(value, needle, true));
    }

    /**
     * Verifies that all needles are contained in value
     *
     * @param value         input String to search
     * @param needles       needles to find
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return true if all needles are found else false.
     */
    public static boolean containsAll(final String value, final String[] needles, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Arrays.stream(needles).allMatch(needle -> contains(value, needle, caseSensitive));
    }

    /**
     * Verifies that one or more of needles are contained in value. This is case insensitive
     *
     * @param value   input
     * @param needles needles to search
     * @return boolean true if any needle is found else false
     */
    public static boolean containsAny(final String value, final String[] needles) {
        return containsAny(value, needles, false);
    }

    /**
     * Verifies that one or more of needles are contained in value.
     *
     * @param value         input
     * @param needles       needles to search
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return boolean true if any needle is found else false
     */
    public static boolean containsAny(final String value, final String[] needles, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Arrays.stream(needles).anyMatch(needle -> contains(value, needle, caseSensitive));
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of times substr appears in value
     *
     * @param value  input
     * @param subStr to search
     * @return count of times substring exists
     */
    public static long countSubstr(final String value, final String subStr) {
        return countSubstr(value, subStr, true, false);
    }

    /**
     * Count the number of times substr appears in value
     *
     * @param value            input
     * @param subStr           search string
     * @param caseSensitive    whether search should be case sensitive
     * @param allowOverlapping boolean to take into account overlapping
     * @return count of times substring exists
     */
    public static long countSubstr(final String value, final String subStr, final boolean caseSensitive, boolean allowOverlapping) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return countSubstr(caseSensitive ? value : value.toLowerCase(), caseSensitive ? subStr : subStr.toLowerCase(), allowOverlapping, 0L);
    }

    /**
     * Test if value ends with search. The search is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  input string
     * @param search string to search
     * @return true or false
     */
    public static boolean endsWith(final String value, final String search) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return endsWith(value, search, value.length(), true);
    }

    /**
     * Test if value ends with search.
     *
     * @param value         input string
     * @param search        string to search
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return true or false
     */
    public static boolean endsWith(final String value, final String search, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return endsWith(value, search, value.length(), caseSensitive);
    }

    /**
     * Test if value ends with search.
     *
     * @param value         input string
     * @param search        string to search
     * @param position      position till which you want to search.
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return true or false
     */
    public static boolean endsWith(final String value, final String search, final int position, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        int remainingLength = position - search.length();
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.indexOf(search, remainingLength) > -1;
        }
        return value.toLowerCase().indexOf(search.toLowerCase(), remainingLength) > -1;
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the value begins with prefix. If it doesn't exist, it's prepended. It is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  input
     * @param prefix prefix
     * @return string with prefix if it was not present.
     */
    public static String ensureLeft(final String value, final String prefix) {
        return ensureLeft(value, prefix, true);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the value begins with prefix. If it doesn't exist, it's prepended.
     *
     * @param value         input
     * @param prefix        prefix
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return string with prefix if it was not present.
     */
    public static String ensureLeft(final String value, final String prefix, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.startsWith(prefix) ? value : prefix + value;
        }
        String _value = value.toLowerCase();
        String _prefix = prefix.toLowerCase();
        return _value.startsWith(_prefix) ? value : prefix + value;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes data encoded with MIME base64
     *
     * @param value The data to decode
     * @return decoded data
     */
    public static String base64Decode(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return new String(Base64.getDecoder().decode(value));
    }

    /**
     * Encodes data with MIME base64.
     *
     * @param value The data to encode
     * @return The encoded String
     */
    public static String base64Encode(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(value.getBytes());
    }

    /**
     * Convert binary unicode (16 digits) string to string chars
     *
     * @param value The value to decode
     * @return The decoded String
     */
    public static String binDecode(final String value) {
        return decode(value, 16, 2);
    }

    /**
     * Convert string chars to binary unicode (16 digits)
     *
     * @param value The value to encode
     * @return String in binary format
     */
    public static String binEncode(final String value) {
        return encode(value, 16, 2);
    }

    /**
     * Convert decimal unicode (5 digits) string to string chars
     *
     * @param value The value to decode
     * @return decoded String
     */
    public static String decDecode(final String value) {
        return decode(value, 5, 10);
    }

    /**
     * Convert string chars to decimal unicode (5 digits)
     *
     * @param value The value to encode
     * @return Encoded value
     */
    public static String decEncode(final String value) {
        return encode(value, 5, 10);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the value ends with suffix. If it doesn't, it's appended. This operation is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param suffix The substr to be ensured to be right
     * @return The string which is guarenteed to start with substr
     */
    public static String ensureRight(final String value, final String suffix) {
        return ensureRight(value, suffix, true);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the value ends with suffix. If it doesn't, it's appended.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param suffix        The substr to be ensured to be right
     * @param caseSensitive Use case (in-)sensitive matching for determining if value already ends with suffix
     * @return The string which is guarenteed to start with substr
     */
    public static String ensureRight(final String value, final String suffix, boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return endsWith(value, suffix, caseSensitive) ? value : append(value, suffix);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first n chars of String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @param n     Number of chars to return
     * @return The first n chars
     */
    public static Optional<String> first(final String value, final int n) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(value).filter(v -> !v.isEmpty()).map(v -> v.substring(0, n));
    }

    /**
     * Return the first char of String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return The first char
     */
    public static Optional<String> head(final String value) {
        return first(value, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Formats a string using parameters
     *
     * @param value  The value to be formatted
     * @param params Parameters to be described in the string
     * @return The formatted string
     */
    public static String format(final String value, String... params) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\{(\\w+)\\}");
        Matcher m = p.matcher(value);
        String result = value;
        while (m.find()) {
            int paramNumber = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));
            if (params == null || paramNumber >= params.length) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("params does not have value for " + m.group());
            }
            result = result.replace(m.group(), params[paramNumber]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Convert hexadecimal unicode (4 digits) string to string chars
     *
     * @param value The value to decode
     * @return The decoded String
     */
    public static String hexDecode(final String value) {
        return decode(value, 4, 16);
    }

    /**
     * Convert string chars to hexadecimal unicode (4 digits)
     *
     * @param value The value to encode
     * @return String in hexadecimal format.
     */
    public static String hexEncode(final String value) {
        return encode(value, 4, 16);
    }

    /**
     * The indexOf() method returns the index within the calling String of the first occurrence of the specified value, starting the search at fromIndex.
     * Returns -1 if the value is not found.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param needle        The search String
     * @param offset        The offset to start searching from.
     * @param caseSensitive boolean to indicate whether search should be case sensitive
     * @return Returns position of first occurrence of needle.
     */
    public static int indexOf(final String value, final String needle, int offset, boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.indexOf(needle, offset);
        }
        return value.toLowerCase().indexOf(needle.toLowerCase(), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Tests if two Strings are inequal
     *
     * @param first  The first String
     * @param second The second String
     * @return true if first and second are not equal false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean unequal(final String first, final String second) {
        return !Objects.equals(first, second);
    }

    /**
     * Tests if two Strings are inequal
     *
     * @param first  The first String
     * @param second The second String
     * @return true if first and second are not equal false otherwise
     * @deprecated use unequal instead
     */
    public static boolean inequal(final String first, final String second) {
        return !Objects.equals(first, second);
    }

    /**
     * Inserts 'substr' into the 'value' at the 'index' provided.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param substr The String to insert
     * @param index  The index to insert substr
     * @return String with substr added
     */
    public static String insert(final String value, final String substr, final int index) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(substr, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (index > value.length()) {
            return value;
        }
        return append(value.substring(0, index), substr, value.substring(index));
    }

    /**
     * Verifies if String is uppercase
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return true if String is uppercase false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean isUpperCase(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
            if (Character.isLowerCase(value.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Verifies if String is lower case
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return true if String is lowercase false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean isLowerCase(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
            if (Character.isUpperCase(value.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Return the last n chars of String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @param n     Number of chars to return
     * @return n Last characters
     */
    public static String last(final String value, int n) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (n > value.length()) {
            return value;
        }
        return value.substring(value.length() - n);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string of a given length such that the beginning of the string is padded.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param pad    The pad
     * @param length Length of the String we want
     * @return Padded String
     */
    public static String leftPad(final String value, final String pad, final int length) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(pad, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (value.length() > length) {
            return value;
        }
        return append(repeat(pad, length - value.length()), value);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether Object is String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return true if Object is a String false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean isString(final Object value) {
        if (Objects.isNull(value)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("value can't be null");
        }
        return value instanceof String;
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the index within the calling String object of the last occurrence of the specified value, searching backwards from the offset.
     * Returns -1 if the value is not found. The search starts from the end and case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param needle The search String
     * @return Return position of the last occurrence of 'needle'.
     */
    public static int lastIndexOf(final String value, final String needle) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return lastIndexOf(value, needle, value.length(), true);
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the index within the calling String object of the last occurrence of the specified value, searching backwards from the offset.
     * Returns -1 if the value is not found. The search starts from the end and case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param needle        The search String
     * @param caseSensitive true or false
     * @return Return position of the last occurrence of 'needle'.
     */
    public static int lastIndexOf(final String value, final String needle, boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return lastIndexOf(value, needle, value.length(), caseSensitive);
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the index within the calling String object of the last occurrence of the specified value, searching backwards from the offset.
     * Returns -1 if the value is not found.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param needle        The search String
     * @param offset        The index to start search from
     * @param caseSensitive whether search should be case sensitive
     * @return Return position of the last occurrence of 'needle'.
     */
    public static int lastIndexOf(final String value, final String needle, final int offset, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(needle, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.lastIndexOf(needle, offset);
        }
        return value.toLowerCase().lastIndexOf(needle.toLowerCase(), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Removes all spaces on left
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String without left border spaces
     */
    public static String leftTrim(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.replaceAll("^\\s+", "");
    }

    /**
     * Returns length of String. Delegates to java.lang.String length method.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return Length of the String
     */
    public static int length(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.length();
    }

    /**
     * Return a new String starting with prepends
     *
     * @param value    The input String
     * @param prepends Strings to prepend
     * @return The prepended String
     */
    public static String prepend(final String value, final String... prepends) {
        return prependArray(value, prepends);
    }

    /**
     * Return a new String starting with prepends
     *
     * @param value    The input String
     * @param prepends Strings to prepend
     * @return The prepended String
     */
    public static String prependArray(final String value, final String[] prepends) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (prepends == null || prepends.length == 0) {
            return value;
        }
        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("");
        for (String prepend : prepends) {
            joiner.add(prepend);
        }
        return joiner.toString() + value;
    }

    /**
     * Remove empty Strings from string array
     *
     * @param strings Array of String to be cleaned
     * @return Array of String without empty Strings
     */
    public static String[] removeEmptyStrings(String[] strings) {
        if (Objects.isNull(strings)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input array should not be null");
        }
        return Arrays.stream(strings).filter(str -> str != null && !str.trim().isEmpty()).toArray(String[]::new);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new String with the prefix removed, if present. This is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param prefix String to remove on left
     * @return The String without prefix
     */
    public static String removeLeft(final String value, final String prefix) {
        return removeLeft(value, prefix, true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new String with the prefix removed, if present.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param prefix        String to remove on left
     * @param caseSensitive ensure case sensitivity
     * @return The String without prefix
     */
    public static String removeLeft(final String value, final String prefix, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(prefix, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.startsWith(prefix) ? value.substring(prefix.length()) : value;
        }
        return value.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix.toLowerCase()) ? value.substring(prefix.length()) : value;
    }

    /**
     * Remove all non word characters.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String without non-word characters
     */
    public static String removeNonWords(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.replaceAll("[^\\w]+", "");
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string with the 'suffix' removed, if present. Search is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param suffix The suffix to remove
     * @return The String without suffix!
     */
    public static String removeRight(final String value, final String suffix) {
        return removeRight(value, suffix, true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string with the 'suffix' removed, if present.
     *
     * @param value         The input String
     * @param suffix        The suffix to remove
     * @param caseSensitive whether search should be case sensitive or not
     * @return The String without suffix!
     */
    public static String removeRight(final String value, final String suffix, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(suffix, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return endsWith(value, suffix, caseSensitive) ? value.substring(0, value.toLowerCase().lastIndexOf(suffix.toLowerCase())) : value;
    }

    /**
     * Remove all spaces and replace for value.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String without spaces
     */
    public static String removeSpaces(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.replaceAll("\\s", "");
    }

    /**
     * Returns a repeated string given a multiplier.
     *
     * @param value      The input String
     * @param multiplier Number of repeats
     * @return The String repeated
     */
    public static String repeat(final String value, final int multiplier) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Stream.generate(() -> value).limit(multiplier).collect(joining());
    }

    /**
     * Replace all occurrences of 'search' value to 'newvalue'. Uses String replace method.
     *
     * @param value         The input
     * @param search        The String to search
     * @param newValue      The String to replace
     * @param caseSensitive whether search should be case sensitive or not
     * @return String replaced with 'newvalue'.
     */
    public static String replace(final String value, final String search, final String newValue, final boolean caseSensitive) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        validate(search, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (caseSensitive) {
            return value.replace(search, newValue);
        }
        return Pattern.compile(search, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE).matcher(value).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(newValue));
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the input String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return Reversed String
     */
    public static String reverse(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return new StringBuilder(value).reverse().toString();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string of a given length such that the ending of the string is padded.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param length Max length of String.
     * @param pad    Character to repeat
     * @return Right padded String
     */
    public static String rightPad(final String value, String pad, final int length) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (value.length() > length) {
            return value;
        }
        return append(value, repeat(pad, length - value.length()));
    }

    /**
     * Remove all spaces on right.
     *
     * @param value The String
     * @return String without right boarders spaces.
     */
    public static String rightTrim(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.replaceAll("\\s+$", "");
    }

    /**
     * Truncate the string securely, not cutting a word in half. It always returns the last full word.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param length Max size of the truncated String
     * @param filler String that will be added to the end of the return string. Example: '...'
     * @return The truncated String
     */
    public static String safeTruncate(final String value, final int length, final String filler) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (length == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        if (length >= value.length()) {
            return value;
        }

        String[] words = words(value);
        StringJoiner result = new StringJoiner(" ");
        int spaceCount = 0;
        for (String word : words) {
            if (result.length() + word.length() + filler.length() + spaceCount > length) {
                break;
            } else {
                result.add(word);
                spaceCount++;
            }
        }
        return append(result.toString(), filler);
    }

    /**
     * Alias to String split function. Defined only for completeness.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @param regex The delimiting regular expression
     * @return String Array
     */
    public static String[] split(final String value, final String regex) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.split(regex);
    }

    /**
     * Splits a String to words
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return Words Array
     */
    public static String[] words(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.split("\\W+");
    }

    /**
     * Truncate the unsecured form string, cutting the independent string of required position.
     *
     * @param value  Value will be truncated unsecurely.
     * @param length Size of the returned string.
     * @param filler Value that will be added to the end of the return string. Example: '...'
     * @return String truncated unsafely.
     */
    public static String truncate(final String value, final int length, final String filler) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        if (length == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        if (length >= value.length()) {
            return value;
        }
        return append(value.substring(0, length - filler.length()), filler);
    }

    /**
     * Converts all HTML entities to applicable characters.
     *
     * @param encodedHtml The encoded HTML
     * @return The decoded HTML
     */
    public static String htmlDecode(final String encodedHtml) {
        validate(encodedHtml, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String[] entities = encodedHtml.split("&\\W+;");
        return Arrays.stream(entities).map(e -> HtmlEntities.decodedEntities.get(e)).collect(joining());
    }

    /**
     * Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @param html The HTML to encode
     * @return The encoded data
     */
    public static String htmlEncode(final String html) {
        validate(html, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return html
                .chars()
                .mapToObj(c -> "\\u" + String.format("%04x", c).toUpperCase())
                .map(HtmlEntities.encodedEntities::get)
                .collect(joining());
    }

    /**
     * It returns a string with its characters in random order.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return The shuffled String
     */
    public static String shuffle(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String[] chars = chars(value);
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
            int r = random.nextInt(chars.length);
            String tmp = chars[i];
            chars[i] = chars[r];
            chars[r] = tmp;
        }
        return Arrays.stream(chars).collect(joining());
    }

    /**
     * Alias of substring method
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @param begin Start of slice.
     * @param end   End of slice.
     * @return The String sliced!
     */
    public static String slice(final String value, int begin, int end) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.substring(begin, end);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a String to a slug
     *
     * @param value The value to slugify
     * @return The slugified value
     */
    public static String slugify(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String transliterated = transliterate(collapseWhitespace(value.trim().toLowerCase()));
        return Arrays.stream(words(transliterated.replace("&", "-and-"))).collect(joining("-"));
    }

    /**
     * Remove all non valid characters.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String without non valid characters.
     */
    public static String transliterate(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String result = value;
        Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> entries = Ascii.ascii.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : entries) {
            for (String ch : entry.getValue()) {
                result = result.replace(ch, entry.getKey());
            }
        }
        return result;
    }


    /**
     * Surrounds a 'value' with the given 'prefix' and 'suffix'.
     *
     * @param value  The input String
     * @param prefix prefix. If suffix is null then prefix is used
     * @param suffix suffix
     * @return The String with surround substrs!
     */
    public static String surround(final String value, final String prefix, final String suffix) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String _prefix = Optional.ofNullable(prefix).orElse("");
        return append(_prefix, value, Optional.ofNullable(suffix).orElse(_prefix));
    }

    /**
     * Transform to camelCase
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String in camelCase.
     */
    public static String toCamelCase(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String str = toStudlyCase(value);
        return str.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() + str.substring(1);
    }

    /**
     * Transform to StudlyCaps.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String in StudlyCaps.
     */
    public static String toStudlyCase(final String value) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        String[] words = collapseWhitespace(value.trim()).split("\\s*(_|-|\\s)\\s*");
        return Arrays.stream(words)
                .filter(w -> !w.trim().isEmpty())
                .map(Strman::upperFirst)
                .collect(joining());
    }

    /**
     * Return tail of the String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String tail
     */
    public static Optional<String> tail(final String value) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(value).filter(v -> !v.isEmpty()).map(v -> last(v, v.length() - 1));
    }

    /**
     * Decamelize String
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @param chr   string to use
     * @return String decamelized.
     */
    public static String toDecamelize(final String value, final String chr) {
        String camelCasedString = toCamelCase(value);
        String[] words = camelCasedString.split("(?=\\p{Upper})");
        return Arrays.stream(words).map(String::toLowerCase).collect(joining(Optional.ofNullable(chr).orElse(" ")));
    }

    /**
     * Transform to kebab-case.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String in kebab-case.
     */
    public static String toKebabCase(final String value) {
        return toDecamelize(value, "-");
    }

    /**
     * Transform to snake_case.
     *
     * @param value The input String
     * @return String in snake_case.
     */
    public static String toSnakeCase(final String value) {
        return toDecamelize(value, "_");
    }

    public static String decode(final String value, final int digits, final int radix) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return Arrays
                .stream(value.split("(?<=\\G.{" + digits + "})"))
                .map(data -> String.valueOf(Character.toChars(Integer.parseInt(data, radix))))
                .collect(joining());
    }

    public static String encode(final String value, final int digits, final int radix) {
        validate(value, NULL_STRING_PREDICATE, NULL_STRING_MSG_SUPPLIER);
        return value.chars().mapToObj(ch -> leftPad(Integer.toString(ch, radix), "0", digits)).collect(joining());
    }


    /**
     * Join concatenates all the elements of the strings array into a single String. The separator string is placed between elements in the resulting string.
     *
     * @param strings   The input array to concatenate
     * @param separator The separator to use
     * @return Concatenated String
     */
    public static String join(final String[] strings, final String separator) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (strings == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input array 'strings' can't be null");
        }
        if (separator == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("separator can't be null");
        }
        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(separator);
        for (String el : strings) {
            joiner.add(el);
        }
        return joiner.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of string to upper case and the remaining to lower case.
     *
     * @param input The string to capitalize
     * @return The capitalized string
     */
    public static String capitalize(final String input) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (input == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("input can't be null");
        }
        if (input.length() == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        return head(input)
                .map(String::toUpperCase)
                .map(h ->
                        tail(input).map(t -> h + t.toLowerCase()).orElse(h))
                .get();
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of string to lower case.
     *
     * @param input The string to convert
     * @return The converted string
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     */
    public static String lowerFirst(final String input) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (input == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("input can't be null");
        }
        if (input.length() == 0) {
            return "";
        }

        return head(input)
                .map(String::toLowerCase)
                .map(h ->
                        tail(input).map(t -> h + t).orElse(h))
                .get();
    }

    /**
     * Verifies whether String is enclosed by encloser
     *
     * @param input    The input String
     * @param encloser String which encloses input String
     * @return true if enclosed false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean isEnclosedBetween(final String input, final String encloser) {
        return isEnclosedBetween(input, encloser, encloser);
    }

    /**
     * Verifies whether String is enclosed by encloser
     *
     * @param input         The input String
     * @param leftEncloser  String which encloses input String at left start
     * @param rightEncloser String which encloses input String at the right end
     * @return true if enclosed false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean isEnclosedBetween(final String input, final String leftEncloser, String rightEncloser) {
        if (input == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("input can't be null");
        }
        if (leftEncloser == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("leftEncloser can't be null");
        }
        if (rightEncloser == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("rightEncloser can't be null");
        }
        return input.startsWith(leftEncloser) && input.endsWith(rightEncloser);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of string to upper case.
     *
     * @param input The string to convert.
     * @return Returns the converted string.
     */
    public static String upperFirst(String input) {
        if (input == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("input can't be null");
        }
        return head(input)
                .map(String::toUpperCase)
                .map(h -> tail(input).map(t -> h + t).orElse(h))
                .get();
    }

    /**
     * Removes leading whitespace from string.
     *
     * @param input The string to trim.
     * @return Returns the trimmed string.
     */
    public static Optional<String> trimStart(final String input) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(input)
                .filter(v -> !v.isEmpty())
                .map(Strman::leftTrim);
    }


    /**
     * Removes leading characters from string.
     *
     * @param input The string to trim.
     * @param chars The characters to trim.
     *
     * @return Returns the trimmed string.
     */
    public static Optional<String> trimStart(final String input, String... chars) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(input)
                .filter(v -> !v.isEmpty())
                .map(v -> {
                    String pattern = String.format("^[%s]+", join(chars, "\\"));
                    return v.replaceAll(pattern, "");
                });
    }

    /**
     * Removes trailing whitespace from string.
     *
     * @param input The string to trim.
     * @return Returns the trimmed string.
     */
    public static Optional<String> trimEnd(final String input) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(input)
                .filter(v -> !v.isEmpty())
                .map(Strman::rightTrim);
    }


    /**
     * Removes trailing characters from string.
     *
     * @param input The string to trim.
     * @param chars The characters to trim.
     *
     * @return Returns the trimmed string.
     */
    public static Optional<String> trimEnd(final String input, String... chars) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(input)
                .filter(v -> !v.isEmpty())
                .map(v -> {
                    String pattern = String.format("[%s]+$", join(chars, "\\"));
                    return v.replaceAll(pattern, "");
                });
    }


    private static void validate(String value, Predicate<String> predicate, final Supplier<String> supplier) {
        if (predicate.test(value)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(supplier.get());
        }
    }

    private static long countSubstr(String value, String subStr, boolean allowOverlapping, long count) {
        int position = value.indexOf(subStr);
        if (position == -1) {
            return count;
        }
        int offset;
        if (!allowOverlapping) {
            offset = position + subStr.length();
        } else {
            offset = position + 1;
        }
        return countSubstr(value.substring(offset), subStr, allowOverlapping, ++count);
    }
}