Avoid overriding :exc:`AttributeError` metadata information for nested attribute access calls. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

Include the type's name in the error message for subscripting non-generic types.

Support vectorcall for super(). Patch by Ken Jin.

Fix incorrect handling of inline cache entries when specializing :opcode:`BINARY_OP`.

Use an oparg to simplify the construction of helpful error messages in :opcode:`GET_AWAITABLE`.

Make sure that str subclasses can be used as attribute names for instances with virtual dictionaries. Fixes regression in 3.11alpha

Add more detailed specialization failure stats for :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` followed by :opcode:`EXTENDED_ARG`.

Fix bug introduced during 3.11alpha where subclasses of types.ModuleType with __slots__ were not initialized correctly, resulting in an interpreter crash.

Use inline caching for :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`, :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD`, and :opcode:`STORE_ATTR`.

Use inline cache for :opcode:`BINARY_SUBSCR`.

Use inline caching for :opcode:`COMPARE_OP`.

Deprecate PyBytesObject.ob_shash. It will be removed in Python 3.13.

Use inline caching for :opcode:`UNPACK_SEQUENCE`.

Reduces dict size by removing hash value from hash table when all inserted keys are Unicode. For example, sys.getsizeof(dict.fromkeys("abcdefg")) becomes 272 bytes from 352 bytes on 64bit platform.

Use inline cache for :opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL`.

Rename the private undocumented float.__set_format__() method to float.__setformat__() to fix a typo introduced in Python 3.7. The method is only used by test_float. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Remove the undocumented private float.__set_format__() method, previously known as float.__setformat__() in Python 3.7. Its docstring said: "You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite." Patch by Victor Stinner.

Fix regression that dict.update(other) may don't respect iterate order of other when other is key sharing dict.

Share global string identifiers in deep-frozen modules.

Fix memory leak in interned strings of deep-frozen modules.

Store :opcode:`BINARY_OP` caches inline using a new :opcode:`CACHE` instruction.

Specialize LOAD_METHOD for instances with a dict.

Reduce the memory usage of specialized :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` and :opcode:`STORE_ATTR` instructions.

Add number of sub-exceptions to :meth:`BaseException.__str__`.

Don't un-adapt :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` when collecting specialization stats.

Fix specialization stats gathering for :opcode:`PRECALL` instructions.

Bump up the libexpat version into 2.4.6

Implement a specialized combined opcode LOAD_FAST__LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE. Patch by Dennis Sweeney.

Fix parsing a numeric literal immediately (without spaces) followed by "not in" keywords, like in 1not in x. Now the parser only emits a warning, not a syntax error.

Move KW_NAMES before PRECALL instruction in call sequence. Change operand of CALL to match PRECALL for easier specialization.

Remove the NEXT_BLOCK macro from compile.c, and make the compiler automatically generate implicit blocks when they are needed.

Add PUSH_NULL instruction. This is used as a prefix when evaluating a callable, so that the stack has the same shape for methods and other calls. PRECALL_FUNCTION and PRECALL_METHOD are merged into a single PRECALL instruction.

There is no change in semantics.

Fix an assert failure in debug builds when a '<', '>', or '=' is the last character in an f-string that's missing a closing right brace.

Message of AttributeError caused by getting, setting or deleting a property without the corresponding function now mentions that the attribute is in fact a property and also specifies type of the class that it belongs to.

Make sure that all backwards jumps use the JUMP_ABSOLUTE instruction, rather than JUMP_FORWARD with an argument of (2**32)+offset.

Correct the docstring for the :meth:`~object.__bool__` method. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

Add more detailed specialization failure statistics for :opcode:`BINARY_OP`.

Avoid potential exponential backtracking when producing some syntax errors involving lots of brackets. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

:mod:`ctypes` now allocates memory on the stack instead of on the heap to pass arguments while calling a Python callback function. Patch by Donghee Na.

Add a quickened form of :opcode:`RESUME` that skips quickening checks.

Specialize :opcode:`UNPACK_SEQUENCE` for :class:`tuple` and :class:`list` unpackings.

Opcode pair stats are now gathered with --enable-pystats. Defining DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE or DXPAIRS no longer has any effect.

Allow more than 16 items in a split dict before it is combined. The limit is now 254.

Add a missing call to va_end() in Modules/_hashopenssl.c.

Use :c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` while calling ctypes callback function. Patch by Donghee Na.

When iterating over sets internally in setobject.c, acquire strong references to the resulting items from the set. This prevents crashes in corner-cases of various set operations where the set gets mutated.

The bytecode compiler now attempts to apply runtime stack manipulations at compile-time (whenever it is feasible to do so).

Fixed a minor portability issue in the implementation of :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`, and added a fast path for single-digit integers to :c:func:`PyLong_FromLongLong`.

Fixed a file leak in :func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` when the iterator is not exhausted. Patch by Jacob Walls.

Export :func:`unittest.doModuleCleanups` in :mod:`unittest`. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

For performance, use the optimized string-searching implementations from :meth:`~bytes.find` and :meth:`~bytes.rfind` for :meth:`~mmap.find` and :meth:`~mmap.rfind`.

:class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` now uses HTML5 grammar. Patch by Donghee Na.

Inherit asyncio proactor datagram transport from :class:`asyncio.DatagramTransport`.

Support UDP sockets in :meth:`asyncio.loop.sock_connect` for selector-based event loops. Patch by Thomas Grainger.

Make test suite support Expat >=2.4.5

Raise :exc:`TypeError` if :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` is passed to transport-based APIs.

Fix libexpat symbols collisions with user dynamically loaded or statically linked libexpat in embedded Python.

The HTML serialisation in xml.etree.ElementTree now writes embed, source, track and wbr as empty tags, as defined in HTML 5.

:func:`shutil.rmtree` can now work with VirtualBox shared folders when running from the guest operating-system.

Propagate :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` message from inner task to outer awaiter.

Fix a bug in :meth:`urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password` and :meth:`urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth.is_authenticated` which allowed to bypass authorization. For example, access to URI example.org/foobar was allowed if the user was authorized for URI example.org/foo.

:func:`random.gauss` and :func:`random.normalvariate` now have default arguments.

Add task groups to asyncio (structured concurrency, inspired by Trio's nurseries). This also introduces a change to task cancellation, where a cancelled task can't be cancelled again until it calls .uncancel().

Fix :mod:`dis` behavior on negative jump offsets.

The :meth:`__repr__` method of :class:`typing.ForwardRef` now includes the module parameter of :class:`typing.ForwardRef` when it is set.

In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating stringified ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs annotations. Patch by Gregory Beauregard.

When the :mod:`tarfile` module creates a pax format archive, it will put an integer representation of timestamps in the ustar header (if possible) for the benefit of older unarchivers, in addition to the existing full-precision timestamps in the pax extended header.

Deprecate kwargs-based syntax for :class:`typing.TypedDict` definitions. It had confusing semantics when specifying totality, and was largely unused. Patch by Jingchen Ye.

Make :data:`typing.ParamSpec` args and kwargs equal to themselves. Patch by Gregory Beauregard.

ctypes.CFUNCTYPE() and ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE() now fail to create the type if its _argtypes_ member contains too many arguments. Previously, the error was only raised when calling a function. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Fix NameError in :func:`asyncio.gather` when initial type check fails.

The :class:`calendar.LocaleTextCalendar` and :class:`calendar.LocaleHTMLCalendar` classes now use :func:`locale.getlocale`, instead of using :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`, if no locale is specified. Patch by Victor Stinner.

The :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` function is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.13. Use :func:`locale.setlocale`, :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) <locale.getpreferredencoding>` and :func:`locale.getlocale` functions instead. Patch by Victor Stinner.

In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating bare stringified TypeAlias annotations. Patch by Gregory Beauregard.

Fixed a discrepancy in the C implementation of the :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module. Now, instantiating an :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` with a target=None keyword provides a default :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder` target as the Python implementation does.

Expose Linux's IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT option in :mod:`socket`.

Fix a bug in the :mod:`codeop` module that was incorrectly identifying invalid code involving string quotes as valid code.

Improve :func:`typing.no_type_check`.

Now it does not modify external classes and functions. We also now correctly mark classmethods as not to be type checked.

expat: Update libexpat from 2.4.1 to 2.4.4

Deprecate undocumented support for using a :class:`pathlib.Path` object as a context manager.

Implement PEP 673 :class:`typing.Self`. Patch by James Hilton-Balfe.

Make various module __getattr__ AttributeErrors more closely match a typical AttributeError

Add :data:`typing.Never` and :func:`typing.assert_never`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

The :meth:`__eq__` and :meth:`__hash__` methods of :class:`typing.ForwardRef` now honor the module parameter of :class:`typing.ForwardRef`. Forward references from different modules are now differentiated.

Add missing __slots__ to importlib.metadata.DeprecatedList. Patch by Arie Bovenberg.

The :mod:`ssl` module now handles certificates with bit strings in DN correctly.

:func:`typing.get_type_hints` no longer adds Optional to parameters with None as a default. This aligns to changes to PEP 484 in python/peps#689

Add :class:`~re.RegexFlag` to re.__all__ and documented it. Add :data:`~re.RegexFlag.NOFLAG` to indicate no flags being set.

:mod:`ctypes` no longer defines ffi_type_* symbols in cfield.c. The symbols have been provided by libffi for over a decade.

Calling operator.itemgetter objects and operator.attrgetter objects is now faster due to use of the vectorcall calling convention.

Fix an issue with :meth:`~tarfile.is_tarfile` method when using fileobj argument: position in the fileobj was advanced forward which made it unreadable with :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.open`.

Reimplement SSL/TLS support in asyncio, borrow the implementation from uvloop library.

Make the :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` constructor raise :exc:`TypeError` if the interpolation parameter is not of type :class:`configparser.Interpolation`

Implement :func:`inspect.ismethodwrapper` and fix :func:`inspect.isroutine` for cases where methodwrapper is given. Patch by Hakan Çelik.

argparse.FileType now supports an argument of '-' in binary mode, returning the .buffer attribute of sys.stdin/sys.stdout as appropriate. Modes including 'x' and 'a' are treated equivalently to 'w' when argument is '-'. Patch contributed by Josh Rosenberg

Doc/tools/rstlint.py has moved to its own repository and is now packaged on PyPI as sphinx-lint.

Fix test_faulthandler.test_sigfpe() if Python is built with undefined behavior sanitizer (UBSAN): disable UBSAN on the faulthandler_sigfpe() function. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Remove bytecode offsets from expected values in test.test_dis module. Reduces the obstacles to modifying the VM or compiler.

Prevent default asyncio event loop policy modification warning after test_asyncio execution.

The function make_legacy_pyc in Lib/test/support/import_helper.py no longer fails when PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX is set to a directory on a different device from where tempfiles are stored.

Skip test_pair() and test_speech128() of test_zlib on s390x since they fail if zlib uses the s390x hardware accelerator. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Respect --with-suffix when building on case-insensitive file systems.

Building Python now requires a C11 compiler. Optional C11 features are not required. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Building Python now requires support for floating point Not-a-Number (NaN): remove the Py_NO_NAN macro. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Building Python now requires a C99 <math.h> header file providing a NAN constant, or the __builtin_nan() built-in function. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Exclude marshalled-frozen data if deep-freezing to save 300 KB disk space. This includes adding a new is_package field to :c:struct:`_frozen`. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

Fix wasm32-emscripten test failures and platform issues. - Disable syscalls that are not supported or don't work, e.g. wait, getrusage, prlimit, mkfifo, mknod, setres[gu]id, setgroups. - Use fd_count to cound open fds. - Add more checks for subprocess and fork. - Add workarounds for missing _multiprocessing and failing socket.accept(). - Enable bzip2. - Disable large file support. - Disable signal.alarm.

Intern strings in deep-frozen modules. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

The default all users install directory for ARM64 is now under the native Program Files folder, rather than Program Files (Arm) which is intended for ARM (32-bit) files.

Adds Tcl and Tk support for Windows ARM64. This also adds IDLE to the installation.

Ensures registry virtualization is consistently disabled. For 3.10 and earlier, it remains enabled (some registry writes are protected), while for 3.11 and later it is disabled (registry modifications affect all applications).

Make query dialogs on Windows start with a cursor in the entry box.

Apply IDLE syntax highlighting to .pyi files. Patch by Alex Waygood and Terry Jan Reedy.

Python's public headers no longer import <stdbool.h>, leaving code that embedd/extends Python free to define bool, true and false.

Move the :c:type:`PyFrameObject` type definition (struct _frame) to the internal C API pycore_frame.h header file. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Rename Include/buffer.h header file to Include/pybuffer.h to avoid conflits with projects having an existing buffer.h header file. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Remove the HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION macro (moved to the internal C API). Patch by Victor Stinner.

Added function :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef`, which allows accesss to module state when a method's defining class is not available.