feat(firestore): add DML support to pipelines (#16473)

daniel-sanche · gemini-code-assist[bot] · web-flow · commit 281eaae1d305 · 2026-04-07T20:02:33.000-07:00
Add support for Data Manipulation Language, making pipelines read/write
instead of read-only

New Stages:
- `Delete`
- `Update`

New e2e test assertion:
- `assert_end_state`, to assert that the database is in a certain state
after running a pipeline

---------

Co-authored-by: gemini-code-assist[bot] &lt;176961590+gemini-code-assist[bot]@users.noreply.github.com&gt;
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/google/cloud/firestore_v1/base_pipeline.py b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/google/cloud/firestore_v1/base_pipeline.py
@@ -669,6 +669,62 @@ def distinct(self, *fields: str | Selectable) -> "_BasePipeline":
         """
         return self._append(stages.Distinct(*fields))
 
+    def delete(self) -> "_BasePipeline":
+        """
+        Deletes the documents from the current pipeline stage.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import Field
+            >>> pipeline = client.pipeline().collection("logs")
+            >>> # Delete all documents in the "logs" collection where "status" is "archived"
+            >>> pipeline = pipeline.where(Field.of("status").equal("archived")).delete()
+            >>> pipeline.execute()
+
+        Returns:
+            A new Pipeline object with this stage appended to the stage list
+        """
+        return self._append(stages.Delete())
+
+    def update(self, *transformed_fields: "Selectable") -> "_BasePipeline":
+        """
+        Performs an update operation using documents from previous stages.
+
+        If called without `transformed_fields`, this method updates the documents in
+        place based on the data flowing through the pipeline.
+
+        To update specific fields with new values, provide `Selectable` expressions that define the
+        transformations to apply.
+
+        Example 1: Update a collection's schema by adding a new field and removing an old one.
+            >>> from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import Constant
+            >>> pipeline = client.pipeline().collection("books")
+            >>> pipeline = pipeline.add_fields(Constant.of("Fiction").as_("genre"))
+            >>> pipeline = pipeline.remove_fields("old_genre").update()
+            >>> pipeline.execute()
+
+        Example 2: Update documents in place with data from literals.
+            >>> pipeline = client.pipeline().literals(
+            ...     {"__name__": client.collection("books").document("book1"), "status": "Updated"}
+            ... ).update()
+            >>> pipeline.execute()
+
+        Example 3: Update documents from previous stages with specified transformations.
+            >>> from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import Field, Constant
+            >>> pipeline = client.pipeline().collection("books")
+            >>> # Update the "status" field to "Discounted" for all books where price > 50
+            >>> pipeline = pipeline.where(Field.of("price").greater_than(50))
+            >>> pipeline = pipeline.update(Constant.of("Discounted").as_("status"))
+            >>> pipeline.execute()
+
+        Args:
+            *transformed_fields: Optional. The transformations to apply. If not provided,
+                the update is performed in place based on the data flowing through the pipeline.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new Pipeline object with this stage appended to the stage list
+        """
+        return self._append(stages.Update(*transformed_fields))
+
     def define(self, *aliased_expressions: AliasedExpression) -> "_BasePipeline":
         """
         Binds one or more expressions to Variables that can be accessed in subsequent stages
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/google/cloud/firestore_v1/pipeline_stages.py b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/google/cloud/firestore_v1/pipeline_stages.py
@@ -496,6 +496,27 @@ def _pb_args(self):
         return [self.condition._to_pb()]
 
 
+class Delete(Stage):
+    """Deletes documents matching the pipeline criteria."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("delete")
+
+    def _pb_args(self) -> list[Value]:
+        return []
+
+
+class Update(Stage):
+    """Updates documents with transformed fields."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *transformed_fields: Selectable):
+        super().__init__("update")
+        self.transformed_fields = list(transformed_fields)
+
+    def _pb_args(self) -> list[Value]:
+        return [Selectable._to_value(self.transformed_fields)]
+
+
 class Define(Stage):
     """Binds one or more expressions to variables."""
 
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/system/pipeline_e2e/dml.yaml b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/system/pipeline_e2e/dml.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+data:
+  dml_delete_coll:
+    doc1: { score: 10 }
+    doc2: { score: 60 }
+  dml_update_coll:
+    doc1: { status: "pending", score: 50 }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "Basic DML delete"
+    pipeline:
+      - Collection: dml_delete_coll
+      - Where: 
+          FunctionExpression.less_than:
+            - Field: score
+            - Constant: 50
+      - Delete:
+    assert_end_state:
+      dml_delete_coll/doc1: null
+      dml_delete_coll/doc2: { score: 60 }
+    assert_proto:
+      pipeline:
+        stages:
+        - args:
+          - referenceValue: /dml_delete_coll
+          name: collection
+        - args:
+          - functionValue:
+              args:
+              - fieldReferenceValue: score
+              - integerValue: '50'
+              name: less_than
+          name: where
+        - name: delete
+
+  - description: "Basic DML update"
+    pipeline:
+      - Collection: dml_update_coll
+      - Update:
+          - AliasedExpression:
+              - Constant: "active"
+              - "status"
+    assert_end_state:
+      dml_update_coll/doc1: { status: "active", score: 50 }
+    assert_proto:
+      pipeline:
+        stages:
+        - args:
+          - referenceValue: /dml_update_coll
+          name: collection
+        - args:
+          - mapValue:
+              fields:
+                status:
+                  stringValue: active
+          name: update
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/system/test_pipeline_acceptance.py b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/system/test_pipeline_acceptance.py
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ def test_pipeline_expected_errors(test_dict, client):
         if "assert_results" in t
         or "assert_count" in t
         or "assert_results_approximate" in t
+        or "assert_end_state" in t
     ],
     ids=id_format,
 )
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ def test_pipeline_results(test_dict, client):
         test_dict.get("assert_results_approximate", None)
     )
     expected_count = test_dict.get("assert_count", None)
+    expected_end_state = _parse_yaml_types(test_dict.get("assert_end_state", {}))
     pipeline = parse_pipeline(client, test_dict["pipeline"])
     # check if server responds as expected
     got_results = [snapshot.data() for snapshot in pipeline.stream()]
@@ -146,6 +148,19 @@ def test_pipeline_results(test_dict, client):
             )
     if expected_count is not None:
         assert len(got_results) == expected_count
+    if expected_end_state:
+        for doc_path, expected_content in expected_end_state.items():
+            doc_ref = client.document(doc_path)
+            snapshot = doc_ref.get()
+            if expected_content is None:
+                assert not snapshot.exists, (
+                    f"Expected {doc_path} to be absent, but it exists"
+                )
+            else:
+                assert snapshot.exists, (
+                    f"Expected {doc_path} to exist, but it was absent"
+                )
+                assert snapshot.to_dict() == expected_content
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -176,6 +191,7 @@ async def test_pipeline_expected_errors_async(test_dict, async_client):
         if "assert_results" in t
         or "assert_count" in t
         or "assert_results_approximate" in t
+        or "assert_end_state" in t
     ],
     ids=id_format,
 )
@@ -189,6 +205,7 @@ async def test_pipeline_results_async(test_dict, async_client):
         test_dict.get("assert_results_approximate", None)
     )
     expected_count = test_dict.get("assert_count", None)
+    expected_end_state = _parse_yaml_types(test_dict.get("assert_end_state", {}))
     pipeline = parse_pipeline(async_client, test_dict["pipeline"])
     # check if server responds as expected
     got_results = [snapshot.data() async for snapshot in pipeline.stream()]
@@ -204,6 +221,19 @@ async def test_pipeline_results_async(test_dict, async_client):
             )
     if expected_count is not None:
         assert len(got_results) == expected_count
+    if expected_end_state:
+        for doc_path, expected_content in expected_end_state.items():
+            doc_ref = async_client.document(doc_path)
+            snapshot = await doc_ref.get()
+            if expected_content is None:
+                assert not snapshot.exists, (
+                    f"Expected {doc_path} to be absent, but it exists"
+                )
+            else:
+                assert snapshot.exists, (
+                    f"Expected {doc_path} to exist, but it was absent"
+                )
+                assert snapshot.to_dict() == expected_content
 
 
 #################################################################################
@@ -223,7 +253,12 @@ def parse_pipeline(client, pipeline: list[dict[str, Any], str]):
         # find arguments if given
         if isinstance(stage, dict):
             stage_yaml_args = stage[stage_name]
-            stage_obj = _apply_yaml_args_to_callable(stage_cls, client, stage_yaml_args)
+            if stage_yaml_args is None:
+                stage_obj = stage_cls()
+            else:
+                stage_obj = _apply_yaml_args_to_callable(
+                    stage_cls, client, stage_yaml_args
+                )
         else:
             # yaml has no arguments
             stage_obj = stage_cls()
@@ -291,20 +326,21 @@ def _apply_yaml_args_to_callable(callable_obj, client, yaml_args):
     Helper to instantiate a class with yaml arguments. The arguments will be applied
     as positional or keyword arguments, based on type
     """
-    if isinstance(yaml_args, dict):
-        return callable_obj(**_parse_expressions(client, yaml_args))
+    parsed = _parse_expressions(client, yaml_args)
+    if isinstance(yaml_args, dict) and isinstance(parsed, dict):
+        return callable_obj(**parsed)
     elif isinstance(yaml_args, list) and not (
         callable_obj == expr.Constant
         or callable_obj == Vector
         or callable_obj == expr.Array
     ):
         # yaml has an array of arguments. Treat as args
-        return callable_obj(*_parse_expressions(client, yaml_args))
-    elif yaml_args is None:
+        return callable_obj(*parsed)
+    elif yaml_args is None and callable_obj != expr.Constant:
         return callable_obj()
     else:
         # yaml has a single argument
-        return callable_obj(_parse_expressions(client, yaml_args))
+        return callable_obj(parsed)
 
 
 def _is_expr_string(yaml_str):
diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/unit/v1/test_pipeline_stages.py b/packages/google-cloud-firestore/tests/unit/v1/test_pipeline_stages.py
@@ -960,3 +960,39 @@ def test_to_pb(self):
         assert got_fn.args[0].field_reference_value == "city"
         assert got_fn.args[1].string_value == "SF"
         assert len(result.options) == 0
+
+
+class TestDelete:
+    def _make_one(self):
+        return stages.Delete()
+
+    def test_to_pb(self):
+        instance = self._make_one()
+        result = instance._to_pb()
+        assert result.name == "delete"
+        assert len(result.args) == 0
+        assert len(result.options) == 0
+
+
+class TestUpdate:
+    def _make_one(self, *args):
+        return stages.Update(*args)
+
+    def test_to_pb_empty(self):
+        instance = self._make_one()
+        result = instance._to_pb()
+        assert result.name == "update"
+        assert len(result.args) == 1
+        assert result.args[0].map_value.fields == {}
+        assert len(result.options) == 0
+
+    def test_to_pb_with_fields(self):
+        instance = self._make_one(
+            Field.of("score").add(10).as_("score"), Constant.of("active").as_("status")
+        )
+        result = instance._to_pb()
+        assert result.name == "update"
+        assert len(result.args) == 1
+        assert "score" in result.args[0].map_value.fields
+        assert "status" in result.args[0].map_value.fields
+        assert len(result.options) == 0
