import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

class AndProduct{

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

int n = sc.nextInt();

while(n--!=0){

long a=sc.nextLong();

long b=sc.nextLong();

long and=a;

if(a%4==0){

for(long i=a+4;i<=b;i+=4){

and&=i;

}

}

else if(a%2==0){

for(long i=a+2;i<=b;i+=2){

and&=i;

}

}

else{

for(long i=a+1;i<=b;i++){

and&=i;

}

}

System.out.println(and);

}

}

}