import math

# String data type

# literal assignment

first = "Dave"

last = "Gray"

# print(type(first))

# print(type(first) == str)

# print(isinstance(first, str))

# constructor function

# pizza = str("Pepperoni")

# print(type(pizza))

# print(type(pizza) == str)

# print(isinstance(pizza, str))

# Concatenation

fullname = first + " " + last

print(fullname)

fullname += "!"

print(fullname)

# Casting a number to a string

decade = str(1980)

print(type(decade))

print(decade)

statement = "I like rock music from the " + decade + "s."

print(statement)

# Multiple lines

multiline = '''

Hey, how are you?

I was just checking in.

All good?

'''

print(multiline)

# Escaping special characters

sentence = 'I\'m back at work!\tHey!\n\nWhere\'s this at\\located?'

print(sentence)

# String Methods

print(first)

print(first.lower())

print(first.upper())

print(first)

print(multiline.title())

print(multiline.replace("good", "ok"))

print(multiline)

print(len(multiline))

multiline += " "

multiline = " " + multiline

print(len(multiline))

print(len(multiline.strip()))

print(len(multiline.lstrip()))

print(len(multiline.rstrip()))

print("")

# Build a menu

title = "menu".upper()

print(title.center(20, "="))

print("Coffee".ljust(16, ".") + "$1".rjust(4))

print("Muffin".ljust(16, ".") + "$2".rjust(4))

print("Cheesecake".ljust(16, ".") + "$4".rjust(4))

print("")

# string index values

print(first[1])

print(first[-1])

print(first[1:-1])

print(first[1:])

# Some methods return boolean data

print(first.startswith("D"))

print(first.endswith("Z"))

# Boolean data type

myvalue = True

x = bool(False)

print(type(x))

print(isinstance(myvalue, bool))

# Numeric data types

# integer type

price = 100

best_price = int(80)

print(type(price))

print(isinstance(best_price, int))

# float type

gpa = 3.28

y = float(1.14)

print(type(gpa))

# complex type

comp_value = 5+3j

print(type(comp_value))

print(comp_value.real)

print(comp_value.imag)

# Built-in functions for numbers

print(abs(gpa))

print(abs(gpa * -1))

print(round(gpa))

print(round(gpa, 1))

print(math.pi)

print(math.sqrt(64))

print(math.ceil(gpa))

print(math.floor(gpa))

# Casting a string to a number

zipcode = "10001"

zip_value = int(zipcode)

print(type(zip_value))

# Error if you attempt to cast incorrect data

# zip_value = int("New York")