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Python 整数对象

CPython2 的整数对象 有 PyIntObject 和 PyLongObject 这两种类型， CPython3 只保留了 PyLongObject

在 源文件：Objects/longobject.c 的第三行有这么一句话 XXX The functional organization of this file is terrible

可见这个变化不是一蹴而就的，有比较艰辛的过程，大家有兴趣可以去挖掘一下

PyLongObject

源文件：Include/longobject.h

// longobject.h

typedef struct _longobject PyLongObject; /* Revealed in longintrepr.h */

源文件：Include/longintrepr.h

// longintrepr.h

struct _longobject {
    PyObject_VAR_HEAD
    digit ob_digit[1];
};

从源码可以看出 PyLongObject 是变长对象

类型对象 PyLong_Type

源文件：Objects/longobject.c

// Objects/longobject.c

PyTypeObject PyLong_Type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "int",                                      /* tp_name */
    offsetof(PyLongObject, ob_digit),           /* tp_basicsize */
    sizeof(digit),                              /* tp_itemsize */
    long_dealloc,                               /* tp_dealloc */
    0,                                          /* tp_print */
    0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    0,                                          /* tp_reserved */
    long_to_decimal_string,                     /* tp_repr */
    &long_as_number,                            /* tp_as_number */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    (hashfunc)long_hash,                        /* tp_hash */
    0,                                          /* tp_call */
    long_to_decimal_string,                     /* tp_str */
    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
        Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS,               /* tp_flags */
    long_doc,                                   /* tp_doc */
    0,                                          /* tp_traverse */
    0,                                          /* tp_clear */
    long_richcompare,                           /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                                          /* tp_iter */
    0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
    long_methods,                               /* tp_methods */
    0,                                          /* tp_members */
    long_getset,                                /* tp_getset */
    0,                                          /* tp_base */
    0,                                          /* tp_dict */
    0,                                          /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                                          /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset */
    0,                                          /* tp_init */
    0,                                          /* tp_alloc */
    long_new,                                   /* tp_new */
    PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
};

小整数对象

一些整数在一开始就会被初始化一直留存，当再次使用直接从小整数对象池中获取，不用频繁的申请内存。

默认的小整数范围是 [-5, 257) 源文件：Objects/longobject.c

// Objects/longobject.c

#ifndef NSMALLPOSINTS
#define NSMALLPOSINTS           257
#endif
#ifndef NSMALLNEGINTS
#define NSMALLNEGINTS           5
#endif

#if NSMALLNEGINTS + NSMALLPOSINTS > 0
/* Small integers are preallocated in this array so that they
   can be shared.
   The integers that are preallocated are those in the range
   -NSMALLNEGINTS (inclusive) to NSMALLPOSINTS (not inclusive). */
static PyLongObject small_ints[NSMALLNEGINTS + NSMALLPOSINTS];
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
Py_ssize_t quick_int_allocs, quick_neg_int_allocs;
#endif

static PyObject *
get_small_int(sdigit ival)
{
    PyObject *v;
    assert(-NSMALLNEGINTS <= ival && ival < NSMALLPOSINTS);
    v = (PyObject *)&small_ints[ival + NSMALLNEGINTS];
    Py_INCREF(v);
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
    if (ival >= 0)
        quick_int_allocs++;
    else
        quick_neg_int_allocs++;
#endif
    return v;
}
#define CHECK_SMALL_INT(ival) \
    do if (-NSMALLNEGINTS <= ival && ival < NSMALLPOSINTS) { \
        return get_small_int((sdigit)ival); \
    } while(0)

小整数初始化

源文件：Objects/longobject.c

// Objects/longobject.c

int
_PyLong_Init(void)
{
#if NSMALLNEGINTS + NSMALLPOSINTS > 0
    int ival, size;
    PyLongObject *v = small_ints;

    for (ival = -NSMALLNEGINTS; ival <  NSMALLPOSINTS; ival++, v++) {
        size = (ival < 0) ? -1 : ((ival == 0) ? 0 : 1);
        if (Py_TYPE(v) == &PyLong_Type) {
            /* The element is already initialized, most likely
             * the Python interpreter was initialized before.
             */
            Py_ssize_t refcnt;
            PyObject* op = (PyObject*)v;

            refcnt = Py_REFCNT(op) < 0 ? 0 : Py_REFCNT(op);
            _Py_NewReference(op);
            /* _Py_NewReference sets the ref count to 1 but
             * the ref count might be larger. Set the refcnt
             * to the original refcnt + 1 */
            Py_REFCNT(op) = refcnt + 1;
            assert(Py_SIZE(op) == size);
            assert(v->ob_digit[0] == (digit)abs(ival));
        }
        else {
            (void)PyObject_INIT(v, &PyLong_Type);
        }
        Py_SIZE(v) = size;
        v->ob_digit[0] = (digit)abs(ival);
    }
#endif
    _PyLong_Zero = PyLong_FromLong(0);
    if (_PyLong_Zero == NULL)
        return 0;
    _PyLong_One = PyLong_FromLong(1);
    if (_PyLong_One == NULL)
        return 0;

    /* initialize int_info */
    if (Int_InfoType.tp_name == NULL) {
        if (PyStructSequence_InitType2(&Int_InfoType, &int_info_desc) < 0)
            return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}