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package org.jooby;

import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;

import com.google.common.base.Strings;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;

import com.google.common.primitives.Primitives;

import com.google.inject.Key;

import com.google.inject.TypeLiteral;

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import org.jooby.funzy.Throwing;

import org.jooby.handlers.AssetHandler;

import org.jooby.internal.RouteImpl;

import org.jooby.internal.RouteMatcher;

import org.jooby.internal.RoutePattern;

import org.jooby.internal.RouteSourceImpl;

import org.jooby.internal.SourceProvider;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.time.Duration;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Optional;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.function.BiConsumer;

import java.util.function.Function;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**

* Routes are a key concept in Jooby. Routes are executed in the same order they are defined.

*

* <h1>handlers</h1>

* <p>

* There are few type of handlers: {@link Route.Handler}, {@link Route.OneArgHandler}

* {@link Route.ZeroArgHandler} and {@link Route.Filter}. They behave very similar, except that a

* {@link Route.Filter} can decide if the next route handler can be executed or not. For example:

* </p>

*

* <pre>

* get("/filter", (req, rsp, chain) {@literal ->} {

* if (someCondition) {

* chain.next(req, rsp);

* } else {

* // respond, throw err, etc...

* }

* });

* </pre>

*

* While a {@link Route.Handler} always execute the next handler:

*

* <pre>

* get("/path", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* rsp.send("handler");

* });

*

* // filter version

* get("/path", (req, rsp, chain) {@literal ->} {

* rsp.send("handler");

* chain.next(req, rsp);

* });

* </pre>

*

* The {@link Route.OneArgHandler} and {@link Route.ZeroArgHandler} offers a functional version of

* generating a response:

*

* <pre>{@code

* {

* get("/path", req -> "handler");

*

* get("/path", () -> "handler");

* }

* }</pre>

*

* There is no need to call {@link Response#send(Object)}.

*

* <h1>path patterns</h1>

* <p>

* Jooby supports Ant-style path patterns:

* </p>

* <p>

* Some examples:

* </p>

* <ul>

* <li>{@code com/t?st.html} - matches {@code com/test.html} but also {@code com/tast.jsp} or

* {@code com/txst.html}</li>

* <li>{@code com/*.html} - matches all {@code .html} files in the {@code com} directory</li>

* <li><code>com/{@literal **}/test.html</code> - matches all {@code test.html} files underneath the

* {@code com} path</li>

* <li>{@code **}/{@code *} - matches any path at any level.</li>

* <li>{@code *} - matches any path at any level, shorthand for {@code **}/{@code *}.</li>

* </ul>

*

* <h2>variables</h2>

* <p>

* Jooby supports path parameters too:

* </p>

* <p>

* Some examples:

* </p>

* <ul>

* <li><code> /user/{id}</code> - /user/* and give you access to the <code>id</code> var.</li>

* <li><code> /user/:id</code> - /user/* and give you access to the <code>id</code> var.</li>

* <li><code> /user/{id:\\d+}</code> - /user/[digits] and give you access to the numeric

* <code>id</code> var.</li>

* </ul>

*

* <h1>routes semantic</h1>

* <p>

* Routes are executed in the order they are defined, for example:

* </p>

*

* <pre>

* get("/", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* log.info("first"); // start here and go to second

* });

*

* get("/", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* log.info("second"); // execute after first and go to final

* });

*

* get("/", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* rsp.send("final"); // done!

* });

* </pre>

*

* Please note first and second routes are converted to a filter, so previous example is the same

* as:

*

* <pre>

* get("/", (req, rsp, chain) {@literal ->} {

* log.info("first"); // start here and go to second

* chain.next(req, rsp);

* });

*

* get("/", (req, rsp, chain) {@literal ->} {

* log.info("second"); // execute after first and go to final

* chain.next(req, rsp);

* });

*

* get("/", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* rsp.send("final"); // done!

* });

* </pre>

*

* <h2>script route</h2>

* <p>

* A script route can be defined using Lambda expressions, like:

* </p>

*

* <pre>

* get("/", (request, response) {@literal ->} {

* response.send("Hello Jooby");

* });

* </pre>

*

* Due to the use of lambdas a route is a singleton and you should NOT use global variables.

* For example this is a bad practice:

*

* <pre>

* List{@literal <}String{@literal >} names = new ArrayList{@literal <>}(); // names produces side effects

* get("/", (req, rsp) {@literal ->} {

* names.add(req.param("name").value();

* // response will be different between calls.

* rsp.send(names);

* });

* </pre>

*

* <h2>mvc Route</h2>

* <p>

* A Mvc Route use annotations to define routes:

* </p>

*

* <pre>

* {

* use(MyRoute.class);

* }

* </pre>

*

* MyRoute.java:

* <pre>

* {@literal @}Path("/")

* public class MyRoute {

*

* {@literal @}GET

* public String hello() {

* return "Hello Jooby";

* }

* }

* </pre>

* <p>

* Programming model is quite similar to JAX-RS/Jersey with some minor differences and/or

* simplifications.

* </p>

*

* <p>

* To learn more about Mvc Routes, please check {@link org.jooby.mvc.Path},

* {@link org.jooby.mvc.Produces} {@link org.jooby.mvc.Consumes}.

* </p>

*

* @author edgar

* @since 0.1.0

*/

public interface Route {

/**

* Provides useful information about where the route was defined.

*

* See {@link Definition#source()} and {@link Route#source()}.

*

* @author edgar

* @since 1.0.0.CR4

*/

interface Source {

/**

* There is no source information.

*/

Source BUILTIN = new Source() {

@Override

public int line() {

return -1;

}

@Override

public Optional<String> declaringClass() {

return Optional.empty();

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "~builtin";

}

};

/**

* @return Line number where the route was defined or <code>-1</code> when not available.

*/

int line();

/**

* @return Class where the route

*/

@Nonnull

Optional<String> declaringClass();

}

/**

* Converts a route output to something else, see {@link Router#map(Mapper)}.

*

* <pre>{@code

* {

* // we got bar.. not foo

* get("/foo", () -> "foo")

* .map(value -> "bar");

*

* // we got foo.. not bar

* get("/bar", () -> "bar")

* .map(value -> "foo");

* }

* }</pre>

*

* If you want to apply a single map to several routes:

*

* <pre>{@code

* {

* with(() -> {

* get("/foo", () -> "foo");

*

* get("/bar", () -> "bar");

*

* }).map(v -> "foo or bar");

* }

* }</pre>

*

* You can apply a {@link Mapper} to specific return type:

*

* <pre>{@code

* {

* with(() -> {

* get("/str", () -> "str");

*

* get("/int", () -> 1);

*

* }).map(String v -> "{" + v + "}");

* }

* }</pre>

*

* A call to <code>/str</code> produces <code>{str}</code>, while <code>/int</code> just

* <code>1</code>.

*

* <strong>NOTE</strong>: You can apply the map operator to routes that produces an output.

*

* For example, the map operator will be silently ignored here:

*

* <pre>{@code

* {

* get("/", (req, rsp) -> {

* rsp.send(...);

* }).map(v -> ..);

* }

* }</pre>

*

* @author edgar

* @param <T> Type to map.

*/

interface Mapper<T> {

/**

* Produces a new mapper by combining the two mapper into one.

*

* @param it The first mapper to apply.

* @param next The second mapper to apply.

* @return A new mapper.

*/

@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})

@Nonnull

static Mapper<Object> chain(final Mapper it, final Mapper next) {

return create(it.name() + ">" + next.name(), v -> next.map(it.map(v)));

}

/**

* Creates a new named mapper (just syntax suggar for creating a new mapper).

*

* @param name Mapper's name.

* @param fn Map function.

* @param <T> Value type.

* @return A new mapper.

*/

@Nonnull

static <T> Mapper<T> create(final String name, final Throwing.Function<T, Object> fn) {

return new Route.Mapper<T>() {

@Override

public String name() {

return name;

}

@Override

public Object map(final T value) throws Throwable {

return fn.apply(value);

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return name();

}

};

}

/**

* @return Mapper's name.

*/

@Nonnull

default String name() {

String name = Optional.ofNullable(Strings.emptyToNull(getClass().getSimpleName()))

.orElseGet(() -> {

String classname = getClass().getName();

return classname.substring(classname.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);

});

return CaseFormat.UPPER_CAMEL.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_HYPHEN, name);

}

/**

* Map the type to something else.

*

* @param value Value to map.

* @return Mapped value.

* @throws Throwable If mapping fails.

*/

@Nonnull

Object map(T value) throws Throwable;

}

/**

* Common route properties, like static and global metadata via attributes, path exclusion,

* produces and consumes types.

*

* @author edgar

* @since 1.0.0.CR

* @param <T> Attribute subtype.

*/

interface Props<T extends Props<T>> {

/**

* Set route attribute. Only primitives, string, class, enum or array of previous types are

* allowed as attributes values.

*

* @param name Attribute's name.

* @param value Attribute's value.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T attr(String name, Object value);

/**

* Tell jooby what renderer should use to render the output.

*

* @param name A renderer's name.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T renderer(final String name);

/**

* Explicit renderer to use or <code>null</code>.

*

* @return Explicit renderer to use or <code>null</code>.

*/

@Nullable

String renderer();

/**

* Set the route name. Route's name, helpful for debugging but also to implement dynamic and

* advanced routing. See {@link Route.Chain#next(String, Request, Response)}

*

*

* @param name A route's name.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T name(final String name);

/**

* Set the media types the route can consume.

*

* @param consumes The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

default T consumes(final MediaType... consumes) {

return consumes(Arrays.asList(consumes));

}

/**

* Set the media types the route can consume.

*

* @param consumes The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

default T consumes(final String... consumes) {

return consumes(MediaType.valueOf(consumes));

}

/**

* Set the media types the route can consume.

*

* @param consumes The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T consumes(final List<MediaType> consumes);

/**

* Set the media types the route can produces.

*

* @param produces The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

default T produces(final MediaType... produces) {

return produces(Arrays.asList(produces));

}

/**

* Set the media types the route can produces.

*

* @param produces The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

default T produces(final String... produces) {

return produces(MediaType.valueOf(produces));

}

/**

* Set the media types the route can produces.

*

* @param produces The media types to test for.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T produces(final List<MediaType> produces);

/**

* Excludes one or more path pattern from this route, useful for filter:

*

* <pre>

* {

* use("*", req {@literal ->} {

* ...

* }).excludes("/logout");

* }

* </pre>

*

* @param excludes A path pattern.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

default T excludes(final String... excludes) {

return excludes(Arrays.asList(excludes));

}

/**

* Excludes one or more path pattern from this route, useful for filter:

*

* <pre>

* {

* use("*", req {@literal ->} {

* ...

* }).excludes("/logout");

* }

* </pre>

*

* @param excludes A path pattern.

* @return This instance.

*/

@Nonnull

T excludes(final List<String> excludes);

@Nonnull

T map(Mapper<?> mapper);

}

/**

* Group one ore more routes under a base path, see {@link Router#use(String)}.

*

* @author edgar

* @deprecated Replaced by {@link Router#path(String, Runnable)}.

*/

@Deprecated class Group implements Props<Group> {

/** List of definitions. */

private List<Route.Definition> routes = new ArrayList<>();

private String rootPattern;

private String prefix;

private String renderer;

public Group(final String pattern, final String prefix) {

requireNonNull(pattern, "Pattern is required.");

this.rootPattern = pattern;

this.prefix = prefix;

}

public Group(final String pattern) {

this(pattern, null);

}

@Override

public String renderer() {

return renderer;

}

@Override

public Group renderer(final String name) {

this.renderer = name;

return this;

}

public List<Route.Definition> routes() {

return routes;

}

// ********************************************************************************************

// ALL

// ********************************************************************************************

@Nonnull

public Group all(final String pattern, final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute("*", pattern, filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final String pattern, final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute("*", pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final String pattern, final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute("*", pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final String pattern, final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute("*", pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute("*", "", filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute("*", "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute("*", "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group all(final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute("*", "", handler);

return this;

}

// ********************************************************************************************

// GET

// ********************************************************************************************

@Nonnull

public Group get(final String pattern, final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(GET, pattern, filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final String pattern, final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(GET, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final String pattern, final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(GET, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final String pattern, final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(GET, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(GET, "", filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(GET, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(GET, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group get(final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(GET, "", handler);

return this;

}

// ********************************************************************************************

// POST

// ********************************************************************************************

@Nonnull

public Group post(final String pattern, final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(POST, pattern, filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final String pattern, final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(POST, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final String pattern, final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(POST, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final String pattern, final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(POST, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(POST, "", filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(POST, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(POST, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group post(final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(POST, "", handler);

return this;

}

// ********************************************************************************************

// PUT

// ********************************************************************************************

@Nonnull

public Group put(final String pattern, final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(PUT, pattern, filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final String pattern, final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final String pattern, final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final String pattern, final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(PUT, "", filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, "", handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group put(final Route.ZeroArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(PUT, "", handler);

return this;

}

// ********************************************************************************************

// DELETE

// ********************************************************************************************

@Nonnull

public Group delete(final String pattern, final Route.Filter filter) {

newRoute(DELETE, pattern, filter);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group delete(final String pattern, final Route.Handler handler) {

newRoute(DELETE, pattern, handler);

return this;

}

@Nonnull

public Group delete(final String pattern, final Route.OneArgHandler handler) {

newRoute(DELETE, pattern, handler);

return this;

}