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feat: Add Cassandra/AstraDB online store contribution (#2873)
* Cassandra online store * Refactor file-editing to a shared utils module * Use f-strings in the CassandraOnlineStoreCreator * Specify version 2 in serializing to make the entity key * Remove unnecessary empty comment lines * Rename proj to columns in _read_rows_by_entity_key * Introduce Cassandra-specific pytest targets * Adapt roadmaps and docs to cover/index Cassandra online store * Add license notes to code files Signed-off-by: Stefano Lottini <stefano.lottini@datastax.com> * remove from main CI path and update entity key serialization in template Signed-off-by: Danny Chiao <danny@tecton.ai> * revert makefile change Signed-off-by: Danny Chiao <danny@tecton.ai> Co-authored-by: Kevin Zhang <kzhang@tecton.ai> Co-authored-by: Danny Chiao <danny@tecton.ai>
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‎CONTRIBUTING.md‎

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- Trino
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- HBase
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- Postgres
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- Cassandra
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You can run `make test-python-integration-container` to run tests against the containerized versions of dependencies.
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‎Makefile‎

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not test_universal_types" \
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sdk/python/tests
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test-python-universal-cassandra:
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PYTHONPATH='.' \
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FULL_REPO_CONFIGS_MODULE=sdk.python.feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_repo_configuration \
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FEAST_USAGE=False \
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IS_TEST=True \
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python -m pytest -x --integration \
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sdk/python/tests
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test-python-universal-cassandra-no-cloud-providers:
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PYTHONPATH='.' \
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FULL_REPO_CONFIGS_MODULE=sdk.python.feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_repo_configuration \
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FEAST_USAGE=False \
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IS_TEST=True \
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python -m pytest -x --integration \
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-k "not test_lambda_materialization_consistency and \
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not test_apply_entity_integration and \
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not test_apply_feature_view_integration and \
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not test_apply_entity_integration and \
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not test_apply_feature_view_integration and \
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not test_apply_data_source_integration and \
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not test_nullable_online_store and \
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not gcs_registry and \
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not s3_registry" \
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sdk/python/tests
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test-python-universal:
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FEAST_USAGE=False IS_TEST=True python -m pytest -n 8 --integration sdk/python/tests
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‎README.md‎

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* [x] [Azure Cache for Redis (community plugin)](https://github.com/Azure/feast-azure)
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* [x] [Postgres (contrib plugin)](https://docs.feast.dev/reference/online-stores/postgres)
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* [x] [Custom online store support](https://docs.feast.dev/how-to-guides/adding-support-for-a-new-online-store)
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* [x] [Cassandra / AstraDB](https://github.com/datastaxdevs/feast-cassandra-online-store)
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* [x] [Cassandra / AstraDB](https://docs.feast.dev/reference/online-stores/cassandra)
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* [ ] Bigtable (in progress)
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* **Feature Engineering**
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* [x] On-demand Transformations (Alpha release. See [RFC](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lgfIw0Drc65LpaxbUu49RCeJgMew547meSJttnUqz7c/edit#))

‎docs/reference/online-stores/README.md‎

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{% content-ref url="postgres.md" %}
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[postgres.md](postgres.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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{% content-ref url="cassandra.md" %}
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[cassandra.md](cassandra.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}

‎docs/reference/online-stores/cassandra.md‎

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# Cassandra / Astra DB online store
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## Description
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The [Cassandra / Astra DB] online store provides support for materializing feature values into an Apache Cassandra / Astra DB database for online features.
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* The whole project is contained within a Cassandra keyspace
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* Each feature view is mapped one-to-one to a specific Cassandra table
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* This implementation inherits all strengths of Cassandra such as high availability, fault-tolerance, and data distribution
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An easy way to get started is the command `feast init REPO_NAME -t cassandra`.
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### Example (Cassandra)
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{% code title="feature_store.yaml" %}
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```yaml
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project: my_feature_repo
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registry: data/registry.db
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provider: local
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online_store:
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type: cassandra
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hosts:
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- 192.168.1.1
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- 192.168.1.2
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- 192.168.1.3
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keyspace: KeyspaceName
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port: 9042 # optional
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username: user # optional
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password: secret # optional
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protocol_version: 5 # optional
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load_balancing: # optional
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local_dc: 'datacenter1' # optional
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load_balancing_policy: 'TokenAwarePolicy(DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy)' # optional
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### Example (Astra DB)
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{% code title="feature_store.yaml" %}
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```yaml
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project: my_feature_repo
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registry: data/registry.db
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provider: local
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online_store:
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type: cassandra
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secure_bundle_path: /path/to/secure/bundle.zip
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keyspace: KeyspaceName
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username: Client_ID
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password: Client_Secret
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protocol_version: 4 # optional
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load_balancing: # optional
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local_dc: 'eu-central-1' # optional
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load_balancing_policy: 'TokenAwarePolicy(DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy)' # optional
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```
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{% endcode %}
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For a full explanation of configuration options please look at file
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`sdk/python/feast/infra/online_stores/contrib/cassandra_online_store/README.md`.
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Storage specifications can be found at `docs/specs/online_store_format.md`.

‎docs/roadmap.md‎

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* [x] [Azure Cache for Redis (community plugin)](https://github.com/Azure/feast-azure)
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* [x] [Postgres (contrib plugin)](https://docs.feast.dev/reference/online-stores/postgres)
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* [x] [Custom online store support](https://docs.feast.dev/how-to-guides/adding-support-for-a-new-online-store)
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* [x] [Cassandra / AstraDB](https://github.com/datastaxdevs/feast-cassandra-online-store)
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* [x] [Cassandra / AstraDB](https://docs.feast.dev/reference/online-stores/cassandra)
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* [ ] Bigtable (in progress)
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* **Feature Engineering**
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* [x] On-demand Transformations (Alpha release. See [RFC](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lgfIw0Drc65LpaxbUu49RCeJgMew547meSJttnUqz7c/edit#))

‎docs/specs/online_store_format.md‎

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![Datastore Online Example](datastore_online_example.png)
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## Cassandra/Astra DB Online Store Format
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### Overview
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Apache Cassandra™ is a table-oriented NoSQL distributed database. Astra DB is a managed database-as-a-service
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built on Cassandra, and will be assimilated to the former in what follows.
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In Cassandra, tables are grouped in _keyspaces_ (groups of related tables). Each table is comprised of
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_rows_, each containing data for a given set of _columns_. Moreover, rows are grouped in _partitions_ according
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to a _partition key_ (a portion of the uniqueness-defining _primary key_ set of columns), so that all rows
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with the same values for the partition key are guaranteed to be stored on the same Cassandra nodes, next to each other,
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which guarantees fast retrieval times.
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This architecture makes Cassandra a good fit for an online feature store in Feast.
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### Cassandra Online Store Format
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Each project (denoted by its name, called "feature store name" elsewhere) may contain an
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arbitrary number of `FeatureView`s: these correspond each to a specific table, and
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all tables for a project are to be contained in a single keyspace. The keyspace should
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have been created by the Feast user preliminarly and is to be specified in the feature store
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configuration `yaml`.
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The table for a project `project` and feature view `FeatureView` will have name
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`project_FeatureView` (e.g. `feature_repo_driver_hourly_stats`).
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All tables have the same structure. Cassandra is schemaful and the columns are strongly typed.
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In the following table schema (which also serves as Chebotko diagram) the Python
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and Cassandra data types are both specified:
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|Table: |`<project>`_`<FeatureView>` | | _(Python type)_ |
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|---------------|-----------------------------|--|----------------------|
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|`entity_key` |`TEXT` |K | `str` |
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|`feature_name` |`TEXT` |C↑| `str` |
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|`value` |`BLOB` | | `bytes` |
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|`event_ts` |`TIMESTAMP` | | `datetime.datetime` |
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|`created_ts` |`TIMESTAMP` | | `datetime.datetime` |
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Each row in the table represents a single value for a feature in a feature view,
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thus associated to a specific entity. The choice of partitioning ensures that,
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within a given feature view (i.e. a single table), for a given entity any number
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of features can be retrieved with a single, best-practice-respecting query
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(which is what happens in the `online_read` method implementation).
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The `entity_key` column is computed as `serialize_entity_key(entityKey).hex()`,
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where `entityKey` is of type `feast.protos.feast.types.EntityKey_pb2.EntityKey`.
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The value of `feature_name` is the plain-text name of the feature as defined
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in the corresponding `FeatureView`.
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For `value`, the bytes from `[protoValue].SerializeToString()`
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are used, where `protoValue` is of type `feast.protos.feast.types.Value_pb2.Value`.
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Column `event_ts` stores the timestamp the feature value refers to, as passed
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to the store method. Conversely, column `created_ts`, meant to store the write
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time for the entry, is now being deprecated and will be never written by this
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online-store implementation. Thanks to the internal storage mechanism of Cassandra,
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this does not incur a noticeable performance penalty (hence, for the time being,
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the column can be maintained in the schema).
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### Example entry
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For a project `feature_repo` and feature view named `driver_hourly_stats`,
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a typical row in table `feature_repo_driver_hourly_stats` might look like:
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|Column |content | notes |
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|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
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|`entity_key` |`020000006472697665725f69640400000004000000ea030000` | from `"driver_id = 1002"` |
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|`feature_name` |`conv_rate` | |
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|`value` |`0x35f5696d3f` | from `float_val: 0.9273980259895325`, i.e. `(b'5\xf5im?').hex()` |
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|`event_ts` |`2022-07-07 09:00:00.000000+0000` | from `datetime.datetime(2022, 7, 7, 9, 0)` |
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|`created_ts` |`null` | not explicitly written to avoid unnecessary tombstones |
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### Known Issues
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If a `FeatureView` ever gets _re-defined_ in a schema-breaking way, the implementation is not able to rearrange the
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schema of the underlying table accordingly (neither dropping all data nor, even less so, keeping it somehow).
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This should never occur, lest one encounters all sorts of data-retrieval issues anywhere in Feast usage.
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# Appendix
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##### Appendix A. Value proto format.

‎sdk/python/docs/index.rst‎

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:members:
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:noindex:
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Cassandra Online Store
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-----------------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_online_store.cassandra_online_store
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:members:
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:noindex:
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Batch Materialization Engine
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============================

‎sdk/python/docs/source/feast.infra.offline_stores.contrib.rst‎

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Submodules
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----------
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feast.infra.offline\_stores.contrib.contrib\_repo\_configuration module
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feast.infra.offline\_stores.contrib.postgres\_repo\_configuration module
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.offline_stores.contrib.postgres_repo_configuration
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feast.infra.offline\_stores.contrib.spark\_repo\_configuration module
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.offline_stores.contrib.spark_repo_configuration
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:members:
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:show-inheritance:
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feast.infra.offline\_stores.contrib.trino\_repo\_configuration module
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.offline_stores.contrib.trino_repo_configuration
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:show-inheritance:

‎sdk/python/docs/source/feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_online_store.rst‎

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feast.infra.online\_stores.contrib.cassandra\_online\_store package
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===================================================================
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Submodules
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----------
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feast.infra.online\_stores.contrib.cassandra\_online\_store.cassandra\_online\_store module
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_online_store.cassandra_online_store
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:members:
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:undoc-members:
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Module contents
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---------------
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.. automodule:: feast.infra.online_stores.contrib.cassandra_online_store
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:show-inheritance:

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