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if statements in JavaScript

Decision Making in programming is similar to decision making in real life. In programming also we face some situations where we want a certain block of code to be executed when some condition is fulfilled. A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution of the program based on certain conditions. These are used to cause the flow of execution to advance and branch based on changes to the state of a program.

JavaScript’s conditional statements:

  • if
  • if-else
  • nested-if
  • if-else-if

These statements allow you to control the flow of your program’s execution based upon conditions known only during run time.

if:

if statement is the most simple decision making statement. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not i.e if a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise not.

Syntax:

{
   // Statements to execute if
   // condition is true
}

Here, condition after evaluation will be either true or false. if statement accepts boolean values – if the value is true then it will execute the block of statements under it. If we do not provide the curly braces ‘{‘ and ‘}’ after if( condition ) then by default if statement will consider the immediate one statement to be inside its block. For example,

if(condition)
   statement1;
   statement2;

// Here if the condition is true, if block 
// will consider only statement1 to be inside 
// its block.

Example:

var i = 10; 
  
if (i > 15) 
  document.write("10 is less than 15"); 
  
// This statement will be executed 
// as if considers one statement by default 
document.write("I am Not in if");

Output:

I am Not in if

if-else:

The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But what if we want to do something else if the condition is false. Here comes the else statement. We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when the condition is false.

Syntax:

if (condition)
{
    // Executes this block if
    // condition is true
}
else
{
    // Executes this block if
    // condition is false
}

Example:

var i = 10; 
  
if (i < 15) 
  document.write("10 is less than 15"); 
else
  document.write("I am Not in if");

Output:

i is smaller than 15

nested-if:

A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else. Nested if statements means an if statement inside an if statement. Yes, JavaScript allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e, we can place an if statement inside another if statement.

Syntax:

if (condition1) 
{
   // Executes when condition1 is true
   if (condition2) 
   {
      // Executes when condition2 is true
   }
}

Example:

var i = 10; 
  
if (i == 10) { 
  
  // First if statement 
  if (i < 15) 
    document.write("i is smaller than 15"); 
  
  // Nested - if statement 
  // Will only be executed if statement above 
  // it is true 
  if (i < 12) 
    document.write("i is smaller than 12 too"); 
  else
    document.write("i is greater than 15"); 
}

Output:

i is smaller than 15
i is smaller than 12 too

if-else-if ladder:

Here, a user can decide among multiple options.The if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed.

Syntax

if (condition)
    statement;
else if (condition)
    statement;
.
.
else
    statement;

Example:

var i = 20; 
  
if (i == 10) 
  document.write("i is 10"); 
else if (i == 15) 
  document.write("i is 15"); 
else if (i == 20) 
  document.write("i is 20"); 
else
  document.write("i is not present");

Output:

i is 20