/*
 * Copyright DataStax, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.datastax.driver.examples.json;

import com.datastax.driver.core.*;
import com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs.json.Jsr353JsonCodec;

import javax.json.Json;
import javax.json.JsonObject;
import javax.json.JsonStructure;

import static com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder.*;

/**
 * Illustrates how to map a single table column of an arbitrary type
 * to a Java object using
 * the <a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=353">Java API for JSON processing</a>,
 * and leveraging the {@code toJson()} and {@code fromJson()} functions
 * introduced in Cassandra 2.2.
 * <p/>
 * This example makes usage of a custom {@link TypeCodec codec},
 * {@link Jsr353JsonCodec}, which is declared in the driver-extras module.
 * If you plan to follow this example, make sure to include the following
 * Maven dependencies in your project:
 * <pre>{@code
 * <dependency>
 *     <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
 *     <artifactId>cassandra-driver-extras</artifactId>
 *     <version>${driver.version}</version>
 * </dependency>
 *
 * <dependency>
 *     <groupId>javax.json</groupId>
 *     <artifactId>javax.json-api</artifactId>
 *     <version>${jsr353-api.version}</version>
 * </dependency>
 *
 * <dependency>
 *     <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
 *     <artifactId>javax.json</artifactId>
 *     <version>${jsr353-ri.version}</version>
 *     <scope>runtime</scope>
 * </dependency>
 * }</pre>
 * This example also uses the {@link com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder QueryBuilder};
 * for examples using the "core" API, see {@link PlainTextJson} (they are easily translatable to the
 * queries in this class).
 * <p/>
 * Preconditions:
 * - a Cassandra cluster is running and accessible through the contacts points identified by CONTACT_POINTS and PORT;
 * <p/>
 * Side effects:
 * - creates a new keyspace "examples" in the cluster. If a keyspace with this name already exists, it will be reused;
 * - creates a user-defined type (UDT) "examples.json_jsr353_function_user". If it already exists, it will be reused;
 * - creates a table "examples.json_jsr353_function". If it already exists, it will be reused;
 * - inserts data in the table.
 *
 * @see <a href="http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/whats-new-in-cassandra-2-2-json-support">What’s New in Cassandra 2.2: JSON Support</a>
 */
public class Jsr353JsonFunction {

    static String[] CONTACT_POINTS = {"127.0.0.1"};
    static int PORT = 9042;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Cluster cluster = null;
        try {

            // A codec to convert JSON payloads into JsonObject instances;
            // this codec is declared in the driver-extras module
            Jsr353JsonCodec userCodec = new Jsr353JsonCodec();

            cluster = Cluster.builder()
                    .addContactPoints(CONTACT_POINTS).withPort(PORT)
                    .withCodecRegistry(new CodecRegistry()
                            .register(userCodec))
                    .build();

            Session session = cluster.connect();

            createSchema(session);
            insertFromJson(session);
            selectToJson(session);

        } finally {
            if (cluster != null) cluster.close();
        }
    }

    private static void createSchema(Session session) {
        session.execute("CREATE KEYSPACE IF NOT EXISTS examples " +
                "WITH replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': 1}");
        session.execute("CREATE TYPE IF NOT EXISTS examples.json_jsr353_function_user(" +
                "name text, age int)");
        session.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS examples.json_jsr353_function(" +
                "id int PRIMARY KEY, user frozen<json_jsr353_function_user>, scores map<varchar,float>)");
    }

    // Mapping JSON payloads to table columns of arbitrary types,
    // using fromJson() function
    private static void insertFromJson(Session session) {

        JsonObject alice = Json.createObjectBuilder()
                .add("name", "alice")
                .add("age", 30)
                .build();

        JsonObject bob = Json.createObjectBuilder()
                .add("name", "bob")
                .add("age", 35)
                .build();

        JsonObject aliceScores = Json.createObjectBuilder()
                .add("call_of_duty", 4.8)
                .add("pokemon_go", 9.7)
                .build();

        JsonObject bobScores = Json.createObjectBuilder()
                .add("zelda", 8.3)
                .add("pokemon_go", 12.4)
                .build();

        // Build and execute a simple statement
        Statement stmt = insertInto("examples", "json_jsr353_function")
                .value("id", 1)
                // client-side, the JsonObject will be converted into a JSON String;
                // then, server-side, the fromJson() function will convert that JSON string
                // into an instance of the json_jsr353_function_user user-defined type (UDT),
                // which will be persisted into the column "user"
                .value("user", fromJson(alice))
                // same thing, but this time converting from
                // a JsonObject to a JSON string, then from this string to a map<varchar,float>
                .value("scores", fromJson(aliceScores));
        session.execute(stmt);

        // The JSON object can be a bound value if the statement is prepared
        // (we use a local variable here for the sake of example, but in a real application you would cache and reuse
        // the prepared statement)
        PreparedStatement pst = session.prepare(
                insertInto("examples", "json_jsr353_function")
                        .value("id", bindMarker("id"))
                        .value("user", fromJson(bindMarker("user")))
                        .value("scores", fromJson(bindMarker("scores"))));
        session.execute(pst.bind()
                .setInt("id", 2)
                // note that the codec requires that the type passed to the set() method
                // be always JsonStructure, and not a subclass of it, such as JsonObject
                .set("user", bob, JsonStructure.class)
                .set("scores", bobScores, JsonStructure.class));
    }

    // Retrieving JSON payloads from table columns of arbitrary types,
    // using toJson() function
    private static void selectToJson(Session session) {

        Statement stmt = select()
                .column("id")
                .toJson("user").as("user")
                .toJson("scores").as("scores")
                .from("examples", "json_jsr353_function")
                .where(in("id", 1, 2));

        ResultSet rows = session.execute(stmt);

        for (Row row : rows) {
            int id = row.getInt("id");
            // retrieve the JSON payload and convert it to a JsonObject instance
            // note that the codec requires that the type passed to the get() method
            // be always JsonStructure, and not a subclass of it, such as JsonObject,
            // hence the need to downcast to JsonObject manually
            JsonObject user = (JsonObject) row.get("user", JsonStructure.class);
            // it is also possible to retrieve the raw JSON payload
            String userJson = row.getString("user");
            // retrieve the JSON payload and convert it to a JsonObject instance
            JsonObject scores = (JsonObject) row.get("scores", JsonStructure.class);
            // it is also possible to retrieve the raw JSON payload
            String scoresJson = row.getString("scores");
            System.out.printf("Retrieved row:%n" +
                            "id           %d%n" +
                            "user         %s%n" +
                            "user (raw)   %s%n" +
                            "scores       %s%n" +
                            "scores (raw) %s%n%n",
                    id, user, userJson, scores, scoresJson);
        }
    }

}
