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The first example syntax declares a class to be abstract. The *class-declaration* component can be either a native C++ declaration (**class** or **struct**), or a C++ extension declaration (**ref class** or **ref struct**) if the `/ZW` or `/clr` compiler option is specified.
For more information, see [Ref classes and structs](http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/apps/hh699870.aspx).
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### Requirements
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Compiler option: **/ZW**
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Compiler option: `/ZW`
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## Common Language Runtime
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### Requirements
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Compiler option: **/clr**
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Compiler option: `/clr`
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### Examples
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**Example**
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The following code example generates an error because class `X` is marked `abstract`.
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The following code example generates an error because class `X` is marked **abstract**.
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```cpp
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// abstract_keyword.cpp
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}
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```
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**Example**
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The following code example generates an error because it instantiates a native class that is marked `abstract`. This error will occur with or without the `/clr` compiler option.
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The following code example generates an error because it instantiates a native class that is marked **abstract**. This error will occur with or without the `/clr` compiler option.
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```cpp
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// abstract_keyword_2.cpp
@@ -86,9 +83,7 @@ int main() {
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// cannot be instantiated. See declaration of 'X'}
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```
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**Example**
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The following code example generates an error because function `f` includes a definition but is marked `abstract`. The final statement in the example shows that declaring an abstract virtual function is equivalent to declaring a pure virtual function.
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The following code example generates an error because function `f` includes a definition but is marked **abstract**. The final statement in the example shows that declaring an abstract virtual function is equivalent to declaring a pure virtual function.
> While using the Accelerator editor, you can right-click to display a shortcut menu of frequently used commands. The commands available depend on what the pointer is pointing to.
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> While using the **Accelerator** editor, you can right-click to display a shortcut menu of frequently used commands. The commands available depend on what the pointer is pointing to.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Windows does not allow you to create empty accelerator tables. If you create an accelerator table with no entries, it is deleted automatically when you save the table.
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For information on adding resources to managed projects, please see [Resources in Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/index) in the *.NET Framework Developer's Guide.* For information on manually adding resource files to managed projects, accessing resources, displaying static resources, and assigning resource strings to properties, see [Creating Resource Files for Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/creating-resource-files-for-desktop-apps). For information on globalization and localization of resources in managed apps, see [Globalizing and Localizing .NET Framework Applications](/dotnet/standard/globalization-localization/index).
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For information on adding resources to managed projects, please see [Resources in Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/index) in the *.NET Framework Developer's Guide*. For information on manually adding resource files to managed projects, accessing resources, displaying static resources, and assigning resource strings to properties, see [Creating Resource Files for Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/creating-resource-files-for-desktop-apps). For information on globalization and localization of resources in managed apps, see [Globalizing and Localizing .NET Framework Applications](/dotnet/standard/globalization-localization/index).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/windows/accelerator-key-property.md
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@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ The following are legal entries for the Key property in the accelerator table:
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- Single-digit numbers are always interpreted as the corresponding key, rather than as ASCII or ANSI values.
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- Values from 1 through 26, when preceded with zeros, are interpreted as ^A through ^Z, which represents the ASCII value of the letters of the alphabet when pressed with the CTRL key held down.
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- Values from 1 through 26, when preceded with zeros, are interpreted as ^A through ^Z, which represents the ASCII value of the letters of the alphabet when pressed with the **Ctrl** key held down.
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- Values from 27-32 are always interpreted as three-digit decimal values 027 through 032.
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- Values from 033 through 255, whether preceded by 0's or not are interpreted as ANSI values.
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- A single keyboard character. Uppercase A - Z or the numbers 0 - 9 can be either ASCII or virtual key values; any other character is ASCII only.
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- A single keyboard character in the range A - Z (uppercase only), preceded by a caret (^) (for example, ^C). This enters the ASCII value of the key when it is pressed with the CTRL key held down.
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- A single keyboard character in the range A - Z (uppercase only), preceded by a caret (^) (for example, ^C). This enters the ASCII value of the key when it is pressed with the **Ctrl** key held down.
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> [!NOTE]
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> When entering an ASCII value, the modifier property options are limited. The only control key available for use is the ALT key.
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> When entering an ASCII value, the modifier property options are limited. The only control key available for use is the **Alt** key.
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- Any valid virtual key identifier. The drop-down Key box in the Accelerator table contains a list of standard virtual key identifiers.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/windows/accelerator-keys-for-the-dialog-editor.md
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|Command|Keys|Description|
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|-------------|----------|-----------------|
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|Format.AlignBottoms|CTRL + SHIFT + DOWN ARROW|Aligns the bottom edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignCenters|SHIFT + F9|Aligns the vertical centers of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignLefts|CTRL + SHIFT + LEFT ARROW|Aligns the left edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignMiddles|F9|Aligns the horizontal centers of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignRights|CTRL + SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW|Aligns the right edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignTops|CTRL + SHIFT + UP ARROW|Aligns the top edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.ButtonBottom|CTRL + B|Places the selected buttons along the bottom-center of the dialog box|
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|Format.ButtonRight|CTRL + R|Places the selected buttons in the top-right corner of the dialog box|
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|Format.CenterHorizontal|CTRL + SHIFT + F9|Centers the controls horizontally within the dialog box|
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|Format.CenterVertical|CTRL + F9|Centers the controls vertically within the dialog box|
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|Format.CheckMnemonics|CTRL + M|Checks uniqueness of mnemonics|
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|Format.SizeToContent|SHIFT + F7|Resizes the selected control(s) to fit the caption text|
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|Format.SpaceAcross|ALT + LEFT ARROW|Evenly spaces the selected controls horizontally|
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|Format.SpaceDown|ALT + DOWN ARROW|Evenly spaces the selected controls vertically|
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|Format.TabOrder|CTRL + D|Sets the order of controls within the dialog|
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|Format.TestDialog|CTRL + T|Runs the dialog box to test appearance and behavior|
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|Format.ToggleGuides|CTRL + G|Cycles between no grid, guidelines, and grid for dialog editing|
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|Format.AlignBottoms|**Ctrl** + **Shift** + **Down Arrow**|Aligns the bottom edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignCenters|**Shift** + **F9**|Aligns the vertical centers of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignLefts|**Ctrl** + **Shift** + **Left Arrow**|Aligns the left edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignMiddles|**F9**|Aligns the horizontal centers of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignRights|**Ctrl** + **Shift** + **Right Arrow**|Aligns the right edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.AlignTops|**Ctrl** + **Shift** + **Up Arrow**|Aligns the top edges of the selected controls with the dominant control|
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|Format.ButtonBottom|**Ctrl** + **B**|Places the selected buttons along the bottom-center of the dialog box|
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|Format.ButtonRight|**Ctrl** + **R**|Places the selected buttons in the top-right corner of the dialog box|
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|Format.CenterHorizontal|**Ctrl** + **Shift** + **F9**|Centers the controls horizontally within the dialog box|
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|Format.CenterVertical|**Ctrl** + **F9**|Centers the controls vertically within the dialog box|
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|Format.CheckMnemonics|**Ctrl** + **M**|Checks uniqueness of mnemonics|
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|Format.SizeToContent|**Shift** + **F7**|Resizes the selected control(s) to fit the caption text|
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|Format.SpaceAcross|**Alt** + **Left Arrow**|Evenly spaces the selected controls horizontally|
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|Format.SpaceDown|**Alt** + **Down Arrow**|Evenly spaces the selected controls vertically|
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|Format.TabOrder|**Ctrl** + **D**|Sets the order of controls within the dialog|
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|Format.TestDialog|**Ctrl** + **T**|Runs the dialog box to test appearance and behavior|
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|Format.ToggleGuides|**Ctrl** + **G**|Cycles between no grid, guidelines, and grid for dialog editing|
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For information on adding resources to managed projects, please see [Resources in Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/index) in the *.NET Framework Developer's Guide.* For information on manually adding resource files to managed projects, accessing resources, displaying static resources, and assigning resource strings to properties, see [Creating Resource Files for Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/creating-resource-files-for-desktop-apps). For information on globalization and localization of resources in managed apps, see [Globalizing and Localizing .NET Framework Applications](/dotnet/standard/globalization-localization/index).
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For information on adding resources to managed projects, please see [Resources in Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/index) in the *.NET Framework Developer's Guide*. For information on manually adding resource files to managed projects, accessing resources, displaying static resources, and assigning resource strings to properties, see [Creating Resource Files for Desktop Apps](/dotnet/framework/resources/creating-resource-files-for-desktop-apps). For information on globalization and localization of resources in managed apps, see [Globalizing and Localizing .NET Framework Applications](/dotnet/standard/globalization-localization/index).
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