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‎docs/2014/2014-toc/glossary.md‎

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|sliding window|A window of fixed length L that moves along a timeline according to the stream's events. With every event on the timeline, a new window is created, starting at the event's start time.|
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|slipstream|To integrate updates, patches or service packs into the base installation files of the original software, so that the resulting files will allow a single step installation of the updated software.|
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|slipstream installation|A type of installation that integrates the base installation files for an operating system or program with its service packs, updates or patches, and enables them to be installed in a single step.|
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|smart card|A plastic (credit card–sized or smaller) device with an embedded microprocessor and a small amount of storage that is used, with an access code, to enable certificate-based authentication. Smart cards securely store certificates, public and private keys, passwords, and other types of personal information.|
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|smart card|A plastic (credit card-sized or smaller) device with an embedded microprocessor and a small amount of storage that is used, with an access code, to enable certificate-based authentication. Smart cards securely store certificates, public and private keys, passwords, and other types of personal information.|
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|Smart Card Personalization Control|An ActiveX control that performs all Certificate Lifecycle Manager (CLM) smart card application management activities on a client computer.|
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|smart card profile|A Certificate Lifecycle Manager (CLM) profile created when a request is performed using a profile template that only includes smart card-based certificate templates.|
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|smart card reader|A device that is installed in computers to enable the use of smart cards for enhanced security features.|

‎docs/2014/2014-toc/sql-server-transaction-locking-and-row-versioning-guide.md‎

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If a run-time statement error (such as a constraint violation) occurs in a batch, the default behavior in the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] is to roll back only the statement that generated the error. You can change this behavior using the SET XACT_ABORT statement. After SET XACT_ABORT ON is executed, any run-time statement error causes an automatic rollback of the current transaction. Compile errors, such as syntax errors, are not affected by SET XACT_ABORT. For more information, see [SET XACT_ABORT (Transact-SQL)](/sql/t-sql/statements/set-xact-abort-transact-sql).
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When errors occur, corrective action (COMMIT or ROLLBACK) should be included in application code. One effective tool for handling errors, including those in transactions, is the [!INCLUDE[tsql](../includes/tsql-md.md)] TRY…CATCH construct. For more information with examples that include transactions, see [TRY...CATCH (Transact-SQL)](/sql/t-sql/language-elements/try-catch-transact-sql). Beginning with [!INCLUDE[ssSQL11](../includes/sssql11-md.md)], you can use the THROW statement to raise an exception and transfers execution to a CATCH block of a TRY…CATCH construct. For more information, see [THROW (Transact-SQL)](/sql/t-sql/language-elements/throw-transact-sql).
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When errors occur, corrective action (COMMIT or ROLLBACK) should be included in application code. One effective tool for handling errors, including those in transactions, is the [!INCLUDE[tsql](../includes/tsql-md.md)] TRY...CATCH construct. For more information with examples that include transactions, see [TRY...CATCH (Transact-SQL)](/sql/t-sql/language-elements/try-catch-transact-sql). Beginning with [!INCLUDE[ssSQL11](../includes/sssql11-md.md)], you can use the THROW statement to raise an exception and transfers execution to a CATCH block of a TRY...CATCH construct. For more information, see [THROW (Transact-SQL)](/sql/t-sql/language-elements/throw-transact-sql).
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##### Compile and Run-time Errors in Autocommit mode
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In autocommit mode, it sometimes appears as if an instance of the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] has rolled back an entire batch instead of just one SQL statement. This happens if the error encountered is a compile error, not a run-time error. A compile error prevents the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] from building an execution plan, so nothing in the batch is executed. Although it appears that all of the statements before the one generating the error were rolled back, the error prevented anything in the batch from being executed. In the following example, none of the `INSERT` statements in the third batch are executed because of a compile error. It appears that the first two `INSERT` statements are rolled back when they are never executed.
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- The **TABLOCK** hint is specified or the **table lock on bulk load** table option is set using **sp_tableoption**.
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> [!TIP]
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> Unlike the BULK INSERT statement, which holds a less restrictive Bulk Update lock, INSERT INTO…SELECT with the TABLOCK hint holds an exclusive (X) lock on the table. This means that you cannot insert rows using parallel insert operations.
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> Unlike the BULK INSERT statement, which holds a less restrictive Bulk Update lock, INSERT INTO...SELECT with the TABLOCK hint holds an exclusive (X) lock on the table. This means that you cannot insert rows using parallel insert operations.
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#### Key-Range Locks
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Key-range locks protect a range of rows implicitly included in a record set being read by a [!INCLUDE[tsql](../includes/tsql-md.md)] statement while using the serializable transaction isolation level. Key-range locking prevents phantom reads. By protecting the ranges of keys between rows, it also prevents phantom insertions or deletions into a record set accessed by a transaction.
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A long running transaction can cause serious problems for a database, as follows:
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- If a server instance is shut down after an active transaction has performed many uncommitted modifications, the recovery phase of the subsequent restart can take much longer than the time specified by the **recovery interval** server configuration option or by the ALTER DATABASE… SET TARGET_RECOVERY_TIME option. These options control the frequency of active and indirect checkpoints, respectively. For more information about the types of checkpoints, see [Database Checkpoints (SQL Server)](../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md).
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- If a server instance is shut down after an active transaction has performed many uncommitted modifications, the recovery phase of the subsequent restart can take much longer than the time specified by the **recovery interval** server configuration option or by the ALTER DATABASE... SET TARGET_RECOVERY_TIME option. These options control the frequency of active and indirect checkpoints, respectively. For more information about the types of checkpoints, see [Database Checkpoints (SQL Server)](../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md).
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- More importantly, although a waiting transaction might generate very little log, it holds up log truncation indefinitely, causing the transaction log to grow and possibly fill up. If the transaction log fills up, the database cannot perform any more updates. For more information, see [Troubleshoot a Full Transaction Log (SQL Server Error 9002)](../relational-databases/logs/troubleshoot-a-full-transaction-log-sql-server-error-9002.md), and [The Transaction Log (SQL Server)](../relational-databases/logs/the-transaction-log-sql-server.md).
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‎docs/2014/analysis-services/add-model-to-structure-data-mining-add-ins-for-excel.md‎

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- **Do not use**. Indicates that the data should not be used in the model, even if present in the structure.
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7. Click the browse **(…)** button to open the **Set Column Model Flags** dialog box.
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7. Click the browse **(...)** button to open the **Set Column Model Flags** dialog box.
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Take a minute to verify that the usage of each data column is appropriate for the model. This is an important step for preventing errors when you try to process the model.
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‎docs/2014/analysis-services/analysis-services-powershell.md‎

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Connections to Analysis Services are characterized as either native connections or HTTP connections. A native connection is a direct connection from a client application to the server. In a PowerShell session, the PowerShell client uses the OLE DB provider for Analysis Services to connect directly to an Analysis Services instance. A native connection is always made using Windows integrated security, where Analysis Services PowerShell executes as the current user. Analysis Services does not support impersonation. If you want to perform an operation as a specific user, you must start the PowerShell session as that user.
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HTTP connections are made indirectly through IIS, allowing for additional authentication options, such as Basic authentication, to connect to an Analysis Services instance. Because IIS supports impersonation, you can provide a connection string that includes credentials IIS will use to impersonate when making a connection. To provide credentials, you can use the –Credential parameter.
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HTTP connections are made indirectly through IIS, allowing for additional authentication options, such as Basic authentication, to connect to an Analysis Services instance. Because IIS supports impersonation, you can provide a connection string that includes credentials IIS will use to impersonate when making a connection. To provide credentials, you can use the -Credential parameter.
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**Using the –Credential Parameter in PowerShell**
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**Using the -Credential Parameter in PowerShell**
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The –Credential parameter takes a PSCredential object that specifies a user name and password. In Analysis Services PowerShell, the –Credential parameter is available for cmdlets that make a connection request to Analysis Services, as opposed to cmdlets that run within the context of an existing connection. Cmdlets that make a connection request include Invoke-ASCmd, Backup-ASDatabase, and Restore-ASDatabase. For these cmdlets, the –Credential parameter can be used, assuming the following criteria are met:
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The -Credential parameter takes a PSCredential object that specifies a user name and password. In Analysis Services PowerShell, the -Credential parameter is available for cmdlets that make a connection request to Analysis Services, as opposed to cmdlets that run within the context of an existing connection. Cmdlets that make a connection request include Invoke-ASCmd, Backup-ASDatabase, and Restore-ASDatabase. For these cmdlets, the -Credential parameter can be used, assuming the following criteria are met:
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1. The server is configured for HTTP access, which means that IIS handles the connection, reads the user name and password, and impersonates that user identity when connecting to Analysis Services. For more information, see [Configure HTTP Access to Analysis Services on Internet Information Services (IIS) 8.0](instances/configure-http-access-to-analysis-services-on-iis-8-0.md).
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```
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PS SQLSERVER:\SQLAS\HTTP_DS> $cred = Get-credential adventureworks\dbadmin
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PS SQLSERVER:\SQLAS\HTTP_DS> Invoke-ASCmd –Inputfile:"c:\discoverconnections.xmla" –Credential:$cred
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PS SQLSERVER:\SQLAS\HTTP_DS> Invoke-ASCmd -Inputfile:"c:\discoverconnections.xmla" -Credential:$cred
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When using Basic authentication, you should always use HTTPS with SSL so that username and passwords are sent over an encrypted connection. For more information, see [Configure Secure Sockets Layer in IIS 7.0](http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkID=184299) and [Configure Basic Authentication (IIS 7)](http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=230776).
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Import-module "sqlps"
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```
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Alternatively, use `import-module "sqlps" –disablenamechecking` to suppress the warning about unapproved verb names.
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Alternatively, use `import-module "sqlps" -disablenamechecking` to suppress the warning about unapproved verb names.
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- To load just the task-specific Analysis Services cmdlets, without the Analysis Services provider or the Invoke-ASCmd cmdlet, you can load the SQLASCmdlets module as an independent operation.
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2. `Get-command` returns a list of the eleven Analysis Services PowerShell cmdlets:
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```
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get-command –module SQLASCmdlets
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get-command -module SQLASCmdlets
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```
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3. `Get-member` returns properties or methods of a service or process.
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```
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Get-service mssqlserverolapservice | get-member –type Property
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Get-service mssqlserverolapservice | get-member -type Property
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```
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```
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Get-service mssqlserverolapservice | get-member –type Method
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Get-service mssqlserverolapservice | get-member -type Method
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```
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```
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Get-process msmdsrv | get-member –type Property
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Get-process msmdsrv | get-member -type Property
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4. `Get-member` can also be used to return properties or methods of an object (for example, AMO methods on the server object) using the SQLAS provider to specify the server instance.
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PS SQLSERVER:\sqlas\localhost\default > $serverObj = | get-member -type Method
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5. `Get-PSdrive` returns a list of the providers that are currently installed. If you imported the SQLPS module, you will see the `SQLServer` provider in the list (SQLAS is part of the SQLServer provider and never appears separately in the list):

‎docs/2014/analysis-services/attribute-discrimination-tab-mining-model-viewer.md‎

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Choose a state of the predictable attribute to compare to the state that is contained in **Value 2**.
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**Value 2**
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Select a state of the predictable attribute to compare to the state that is contained in **Value 1**. You can also select **All Other States** to compare the value in **Value 1** with its complement—that is, all other values except Value 1.
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Select a state of the predictable attribute to compare to the state that is contained in **Value 1**. You can also select **All Other States** to compare the value in **Value 1** with its complement-that is, all other values except Value 1.
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**Discrimination scores for \<Value 1> and \<Value 2>**
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The graph contains the following columns, which describe how the target attribute is related to specific states of the input attribute.

‎docs/2014/analysis-services/browsing-a-clustering-model.md‎

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Note that, under the covers, the **Cluster Discrimination** viewer sends complex queries to the data mining server, to extract the attributes that are most important in distinguishing between the two groups, making it easier to compare two sets of customers.
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2. Click either of the **Favors…** columns.
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2. Click either of the **Favors...** columns.
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The bar to the right of the attribute and value list shows which features or values are most important as a characteristic of the selected cluster.
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‎docs/2014/analysis-services/browsing-a-decision-trees-model.md‎

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- If your data can be divided into multiple series, a different model is built for each set of data that you want to model.
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- In the sample data model, there is only one predictable outcome – Bike Buyer – but suppose you had information about whether the customer purchased a service plan and wanted to predict that as well. In that case you would have that data in a separate column, and include two predictable attributes in the model.
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- In the sample data model, there is only one predictable outcome - Bike Buyer - but suppose you had information about whether the customer purchased a service plan and wanted to predict that as well. In that case you would have that data in a separate column, and include two predictable attributes in the model.
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Click the **Histogram** option, in the upper left corner of the Decision Tree pane, to change the maximum number of states that can appear in the histograms in the tree. This is useful if the predictable attribute has many states. The states appear in a histogram in order of popularity from left to right.
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‎docs/2014/analysis-services/browsing-an-association-rules-model.md‎

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##### Explore the rules list
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1. Try clicking the column headings — **Probability**, **Importance**, and **Rule** — to see how the data changes.
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1. Try clicking the column headings - **Probability**, **Importance**, and **Rule** - to see how the data changes.
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The direction of the arrow tells you the direction of the rule. For example, if someone who buys gloves is also likely to buy a vest, the arrow will start from the "glove" node and terminate on the "vest" node.
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To get additional statistics about this rule, you can click the **Rules** tab and look for a rule with the description, "Glove - Existing" -> "Vest – Existing.")
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To get additional statistics about this rule, you can click the **Rules** tab and look for a rule with the description, "Glove - Existing" -> "Vest - Existing.")
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2. Click and drag the slider at the left of the viewer.
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‎docs/2014/analysis-services/calculated-member-builder-dialog-box-analysis-services-multidimensional-data.md‎

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|----------|----------------|
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|**Name**|Type the name of the calculated member.|
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|**Parent Member**|This option is enabled if you select a parent hierarchy (other than the `Measures` dimension) that has more than one level. Click the ellipsis (**…**) button to select a parent member. The parent member determines the location of the calculated member in the dimension structure.|
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|**Parent Member**|This option is enabled if you select a parent hierarchy (other than the `Measures` dimension) that has more than one level. Click the ellipsis (**...**) button to select a parent member. The parent member determines the location of the calculated member in the dimension structure.|
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|**Expression**|Type the MDX expression that will be used.|
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|**Metadata**|Displays metadata for the current [!INCLUDE[ssASnoversion](../includes/ssasnoversion-md.md)] object that can be included in the MDX expression defined in **Expression**.<br /><br /> You can copy the MDX syntax for the selected item by right-clicking the item and selecting **Copy**, or by dragging the selected item to **Expression**.|

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