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This article discusses issues when you use the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)] to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)]. For more information to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], see:
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This article discusses issues when you use the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)] to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)]. For more information to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], see:
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## Details
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To connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], you should connect to the master database to call **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs**.
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[!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)] doesn't support returning the entire set of catalogs from a user database. **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs** use the sys.databases view to get the catalogs. Refer to the discussion of permissions in [sys.databases (Transact-SQL)](../../relational-databases/system-catalog-views/sys-databases-transact-sql.md) to understand **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs** behavior on an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)].
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To connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], you should connect to the master database to call **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs**.
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[!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)] doesn't support returning the entire set of catalogs from a user database. **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs** use the sys.databases view to get the catalogs. Refer to the discussion of permissions in [sys.databases (Transact-SQL)](../../relational-databases/system-catalog-views/sys-databases-transact-sql.md) to understand **SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs** behavior on an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)].
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## Login timeout
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When connecting to Azure SQL databases, the recommended default `loginTimeout` is 30 seconds. If you're connecting to a serverless instance, it's recommended to use an even longer `loginTimeout` of 60 seconds or more. If the serverless instance has been idle, it can take some time to wake up on an initial connection. For more information on how to set the `loginTimeout`, see [Setting the connection properties](setting-the-connection-properties.md).
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## Connections dropped
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When you connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], idle connections may be terminated by a network component (such as a firewall) after a period of inactivity. There are two types of idle connections, in this context:
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When you connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], idle connections may be terminated by a network component (such as a firewall) after a period of inactivity. There are two types of idle connections, in this context:
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- Idle at the TCP layer, where connections can be dropped by any number of network devices.
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## Append the server name to the userId in the connection string
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Prior to the 4.0 version of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], you were required to append the server name to the UserId in the connection string. For example, user@servername. Beginning in version 4.0 of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], it's no longer necessary to append @servername to the UserId in the connection string.
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Prior to the 4.0 version of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], you were required to append the server name to the UserId in the connection string. For example, user@servername. Beginning in version 4.0 of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], it's no longer necessary to append @servername to the UserId in the connection string.
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## Using encryption requires setting hostNameInCertificate
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Prior to the 7.2 version of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], you should specify **hostNameInCertificate** if you specify **encrypt=true** (If the server name in the connection string is *shortName*.*domainName*, set the **hostNameInCertificate** property to \*.*domainName*.). This property is optional as of version 7.2 of the driver.
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Prior to the 7.2 version of the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)], to connect to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], you should specify **hostNameInCertificate** if you specify **encrypt=true** (If the server name in the connection string is *shortName*.*domainName*, set the **hostNameInCertificate** property to \*.*domainName*.). This property is optional as of version 7.2 of the driver.
To use the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)] to access data from a [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] or [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], you must have the following components installed on your computer:
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To use the [!INCLUDE[jdbcNoVersion](../../includes/jdbcnoversion_md.md)] to access data from a [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] or [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], you must have the following components installed on your computer:
To ensure that applications remain connected to an [!INCLUDE[ssAzure](../../includes/ssazure_md.md)], the ODBC driver can restore idle connections.
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To ensure that applications remain connected to an [!INCLUDE[ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], the ODBC driver can restore idle connections.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The connection resiliency feature is supported on Microsoft Azure SQL Database and SQL Server 2014 (and later) server versions.
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