Repository navigation
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathtesting.html
More file actions
198 lines (197 loc) · 13.9 KB
/
Copy pathtesting.html
File metadata and controls
198 lines (197 loc) · 13.9 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="Testing code is a vital part of developing Python applications. Learn more about testing on Full Stack Python.">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//static.fullstackpython.com/fsp-fav.png">
<title>Testing - Full Stack Python</title>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<link href="theme/css/f.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div style="padding: 0 0 20px 0; margin: 0 0 20px 0; background-color: #22B24C;">
<div class="container">
<p class="banner"><a href="https://www.gumroad.com/l/python-deployments" style="color: #fff">Learning Python web development? Check out the just-updated Guide to Deployments book</a>!</p>
</div>
</div> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.com"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="/theme/img/fork.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="logo-header-section">
<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a>
<span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h1>Testing</h1>
<p>Testing determines whether software runs correctly based on specific inputs
and identifies defects that need to be fixed.</p>
<h2>Why is testing important?</h2>
<p>As software scales in codebase size, it's impossible for a person or even
a large team to keep up with all of the changes and
the interactions between the changes. Automated testing is the only proven
method for building reliable software once they grow past the point of a
simple prototype. Many major software program development failures can be
traced back to inadequate or a complete lack of testing.</p>
<p>It's impossible to know whether software works properly unless it is tested.
While testing can be done manually, by a user clicking buttons or typing in
input, it should be performed automatically by writing software programs that
test the application under test.</p>
<p>There are many forms of testing and they should all be used together. When
a single function of a program is isolated for testing, that is called
<a href="/unit-testing.html">unit testing</a>. Testing more than a single function
in an application at the same time is known as
<a href="/integration-testing.html">integration testing</a>.
<em>User interface testing</em> ensures the correctness of how a user would
interact with the software. There are even more forms of testing that large
programs need, such as <em>load testing</em>, <em>database testing</em>, and
<em>browser testing</em> (for web applications).</p>
<h2>Testing in Python</h2>
<p>Python software development culture is heavy on software testing. Because
Python is a dynamically-typed language as opposed to a statically-typed
language, testing takes on even greater importance for ensuring program
correctness.</p>
<h2>Testing resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/the-minimum-viable-test-suite/">The Minimum Viable Test Suite</a>
shows how to set unit tests and integration tests for a Flask example
application.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://late.am/post/2015/04/20/good-test-bad-test.html">Good test, bad test</a>
explains the difference between a "good" test case and one that is not
as useful. Along the way the post breaks down some myths about common
testing subjects such as code coverage, assertions and mocking.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://pythontesting.net/">Python Testing</a> is a site devoted to testing
in - you guessed it - the Python programming language.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://michaeldehaan.net/post/120522567217/the-case-for-test-driven-development">The case for test-driven development</a>
by Michael DeHaan explains how automation is the only way to build software
at a large scale.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Google has a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/">testing blog</a> where
they write about various aspects of testing software at scale.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Still confused about the difference between unit, functional and
integration tests? Check out this
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4904096/whats-the-difference-between-unit-functional-acceptance-and-integration-test">top answer on Stack Overflow</a>
to that very question.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://engineroom.trackmaven.com/blog/using-pytest-with-django/">Using pytest with Django</a>
shows how to get a basic <a href="http://pytest.org/latest/">pytest</a> test
running for a Django project and explains why the author prefers pytest
over standard unittest testing.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>What's next after testing your application?</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/code-metrics.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1596 380q28 28 48 76t20 88v1152q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-1344q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-1600q0-40 28-68t68-28h896q40 0 88 20t76 48zm-444-244v376h376q-10-29-22-41l-313-313q-12-12-41-22zm384 1528v-1024h-416q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-416h-768v1536h1280zm-1024-864q0-14 9-23t23-9h704q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64zm736 224q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64q0-14 9-23t23-9h704zm0 256q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64q0-14 9-23t23-9h704z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">What code metrics should I be aware of?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1639 1056q0 5-1 7-64 268-268 434.5t-478 166.5q-146 0-282.5-55t-243.5-157l-129 129q-19 19-45 19t-45-19-19-45v-448q0-26 19-45t45-19h448q26 0 45 19t19 45-19 45l-137 137q71 66 161 102t187 36q134 0 250-65t186-179q11-17 53-117 8-23 30-23h192q13 0 22.5 9.5t9.5 22.5zm25-800v448q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-448q-26 0-45-19t-19-45 19-45l138-138q-148-137-349-137-134 0-250 65t-186 179q-11 17-53 117-8 23-30 23h-199q-13 0-22.5-9.5t-9.5-22.5v-7q65-268 270-434.5t480-166.5q146 0 284 55.5t245 156.5l130-129q19-19 45-19t45 19 19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">Can I automate testing and deployments for my app?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M384 1152q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm192-448q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm428 481l101-382q6-26-7.5-48.5t-38.5-29.5-48 6.5-30 39.5l-101 382q-60 5-107 43.5t-63 98.5q-20 77 20 146t117 89 146-20 89-117q16-60-6-117t-72-91zm660-33q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm-640-640q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm448 192q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm320 448q0 261-141 483-19 29-54 29h-1402q-35 0-54-29-141-221-141-483 0-182 71-348t191-286 286-191 348-71 348 71 286 191 191 286 71 348z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">I want to learn more about app users via web analytics.</p> </div>
</div>
</div><div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h4>Sign up here to receive an email with major updates to this site and Python tutorials delivered to your inbox once a month.</h4>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9">
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-body">
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="//static.fullstackpython.com/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a>
<p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">Searching for a complete, step-by-step deployment walkthrough? Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div><div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head">Email Updates</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h5>Sign up to get a monthly email with Python tutorials and major updates to this site.</h5>
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
<input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; margin-top: 5px;">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Web Frameworks</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Deployment</a> <a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» 9. Testing</a>
<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>13. Change Log</a><a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a> </div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Testing</h3></div>
<div class="panel-body">
Major updates are tweeted via
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
<hr/>
Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="footer pull-right">
<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>
2016
</div>
</div>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); }
</script>
</body>
</html>