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Applies to fixes for T-SQL folders;
-Language-Elements -Statements -XML
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‎docs/t-sql/language-elements/checkpoint-transact-sql.md‎

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title: "CHECKPOINT (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/14/2017"
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ms.date: "07/27/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.reviewer: ""
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ms.suite: ""
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# CHECKPOINT (Transact-SQL)
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[!INCLUDE[tsql-appliesto-ss2008-xxxx-xxxx-xxx_md](../../includes/tsql-appliesto-ss2008-xxxx-xxxx-xxx-md.md)]
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Generates a manual checkpoint in the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] database to which you are currently connected.
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> [!NOTE]
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> For information about different types of database checkpoints and checkpoint operation in general, see [Database Checkpoints (SQL Server)](../../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md).
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||
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|-|
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|**Applies to**: [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] ([!INCLUDE[ssKatmai](../../includes/sskatmai-md.md)] through [current version](http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=299658)).|
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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## Syntax
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```
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CHECKPOINT [ checkpoint_duration ]
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```
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## Arguments
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*checkpoint_duration*
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Specifies the requested amount of time, in seconds, for the manual checkpoint to complete. When *checkpoint_duration* is specified, the [!INCLUDE[ssDEnoversion](../../includes/ssdenoversion-md.md)] attempts to perform the checkpoint within the requested duration. The *checkpoint_duration* must be an expression of type **int** and must be greater than zero. When this parameter is omitted, the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)] adjusts the checkpoint duration to minimize the performance impact on database applications. *checkpoint_duration* is an advanced option.
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## Factors Affecting the Duration of Checkpoint Operations
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In general, the amount time required for a checkpoint operation increases with the number of dirty pages that the operation must write. By default, to minimize the performance impact on other applications, [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] adjusts the frequency of writes that a checkpoint operation performs. Decreasing the write frequency increases the time the checkpoint operation requires to complete. [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] uses this strategy for a manual checkpoint unless a *checkpoint_duration* value is specified in the CHECKPOINT command.
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The performance impact of using *checkpoint_duration* depends on the number of dirty pages, the activity on the system, and the actual duration specified. For example, if the checkpoint would normally complete in 120 seconds, specifying a *checkpoint_duration* of 45 seconds causes [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to devote more resources to the checkpoint than would be assigned by default. In contrast, specifying a *checkpoint_duration* of 180 seconds would cause [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to assign fewer resources than would be assigned by default. In general, a short *checkpoint_duration* will increase the resources devoted to the checkpoint, while a long *checkpoint_duration* will reduce the resources devoted to the checkpoint. [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] always completes a checkpoint if possible, and the CHECKPOINT statement returns immediately when a checkpoint completes. Therefore, in some cases, a checkpoint may complete sooner than the specified duration or may run longer than the specified duration.
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## <a name="Security"></a> Security
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### Permissions
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CHECKPOINT permissions default to members of the **sysadmin** fixed server role and the **db_owner** and **db_backupoperator** fixed database roles, and are not transferable.
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## See Also
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[ALTER DATABASE &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql.md)
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[Database Checkpoints &#40;SQL Server&#41;](../../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md)
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[Configure the recovery interval Server Configuration Option](../../database-engine/configure-windows/configure-the-recovery-interval-server-configuration-option.md)
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[SHUTDOWN &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/language-elements/shutdown-transact-sql.md)
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Generates a manual checkpoint in the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] database to which you are currently connected.
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> [!NOTE]
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> For information about different types of database checkpoints and checkpoint operation in general, see [Database Checkpoints &#40;SQL Server&#41;](../../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md).
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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## Syntax
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```
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CHECKPOINT [ checkpoint_duration ]
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```
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## Arguments
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*checkpoint_duration*
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Specifies the requested amount of time, in seconds, for the manual checkpoint to complete. When *checkpoint_duration* is specified, the [!INCLUDE[ssDEnoversion](../../includes/ssdenoversion-md.md)] attempts to perform the checkpoint within the requested duration. The *checkpoint_duration* must be an expression of type **int** and must be greater than zero. When this parameter is omitted, the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)] adjusts the checkpoint duration to minimize the performance impact on database applications. *checkpoint_duration* is an advanced option.
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## Factors Affecting the Duration of Checkpoint Operations
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In general, the amount time required for a checkpoint operation increases with the number of dirty pages that the operation must write. By default, to minimize the performance impact on other applications, [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] adjusts the frequency of writes that a checkpoint operation performs. Decreasing the write frequency increases the time the checkpoint operation requires to complete. [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] uses this strategy for a manual checkpoint unless a *checkpoint_duration* value is specified in the CHECKPOINT command.
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The performance impact of using *checkpoint_duration* depends on the number of dirty pages, the activity on the system, and the actual duration specified. For example, if the checkpoint would normally complete in 120 seconds, specifying a *checkpoint_duration* of 45 seconds causes [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to devote more resources to the checkpoint than would be assigned by default. In contrast, specifying a *checkpoint_duration* of 180 seconds would cause [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to assign fewer resources than would be assigned by default. In general, a short *checkpoint_duration* will increase the resources devoted to the checkpoint, while a long *checkpoint_duration* will reduce the resources devoted to the checkpoint. [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] always completes a checkpoint if possible, and the CHECKPOINT statement returns immediately when a checkpoint completes. Therefore, in some cases, a checkpoint may complete sooner than the specified duration or may run longer than the specified duration.
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## <a name="Security"></a> Security
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### Permissions
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CHECKPOINT permissions default to members of the **sysadmin** fixed server role and the **db_owner** and **db_backupoperator** fixed database roles, and are not transferable.
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## See Also
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[ALTER DATABASE &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql.md)
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[Database Checkpoints &#40;SQL Server&#41;](../../relational-databases/logs/database-checkpoints-sql-server.md)
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[Configure the recovery interval Server Configuration Option](../../database-engine/configure-windows/configure-the-recovery-interval-server-configuration-option.md)
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[SHUTDOWN &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/language-elements/shutdown-transact-sql.md)
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‎docs/t-sql/language-elements/declare-local-variable-transact-sql.md‎

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title: "DECLARE @local_variable (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.date: "10/20/2016"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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```
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## Arguments
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@*local_variable*
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@*local_variable*
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Is the name of a variable. Variable names must begin with an at (@) sign. Local variable names must comply with the rules for [identifiers](../../relational-databases/databases/database-identifiers.md).
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*data_type*
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*data_type*
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Is any system-supplied, common language runtime (CLR) user-defined table type, or alias data type. A variable cannot be of **text**, **ntext**, or **image** data type.
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For more information about system data types, see [Data Types &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/data-types/data-types-transact-sql.md). For more information about CLR user-defined types or alias data types, see [CREATE TYPE &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/create-type-transact-sql.md).
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=*value*
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Assigns a value to the variable in-line. The value can be a constant or an expression, but it must either match the variable declaration type or be implicitly convertible to that type. For more information, see [Expressions &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/language-elements/expressions-transact-sql.md).
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@*cursor_variable_name*
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@*cursor_variable_name*
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Is the name of a cursor variable. Cursor variable names must begin with an at (@) sign and conform to the rules for identifiers.
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CURSOR
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CURSOR
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Specifies that the variable is a local cursor variable.
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@*table_variable_name*
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@*table_variable_name*
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Is the name of a variable of type **table**. Variable names must begin with an at (@) sign and conform to the rules for identifiers.
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<table_type_definition>
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Defines the **table** data type. The table declaration includes column definitions, names, data types, and constraints. The only constraint types allowed are PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, NULL, and CHECK. An alias data type cannot be used as a column scalar data type if a rule or default definition is bound to the type.
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<table_type_definition>
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Defines the **table** data type. The table declaration includes column definitions, names, data types, and constraints. The only constraint types allowed are PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, NULL, and CHECK. An alias data type cannot be used as a column scalar data type if a rule or default definition is bound to the type.
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<table_type_definition> is a subset of information used to define a table in CREATE TABLE. Elements and essential definitions are included here. For more information, see [CREATE TABLE &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/create-table-transact-sql.md).
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\<table_type_definiton>
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Is a subset of information used to define a table in CREATE TABLE. Elements and essential definitions are included here. For more information, see [CREATE TABLE &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/create-table-transact-sql.md).
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*n*
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Is a placeholder indicating that multiple variables can be specified and assigned values. When declaring **table** variables, the **table** variable must be the only variable being declared in the DECLARE statement.

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