Use the range-based `for` statement to construct loops that must execute through a "range", which is defined as anything that you can iterate through—for example, `std::vector`, or any other C++ Standard Library sequence whose range is defined by a `begin()` and `end()`. The name that is declared in the `for-range-declaration` portion is local to the `for` statement and cannot be re-declared in `expression` or `statement`. Note that the [auto](../cpp/auto-cpp.md) keyword is preferred in the `for-range-declaration` portion of the statement.

**New in Visual Studio 2017:** Range-based for loops no longer require that begin() and end() return objects of the same type. This enables end() to return a sentinel object such as used by ranges as defined in the Ranges-V3 proposal. For more information, see [Generalizing the Range-Based For Loop](http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/p0184r0.html) and the [range-v3 library on GitHub](https://github.com/ericniebler/range-v3).

This code shows how to use range-based `for` loops to iterate through an array and a vector:

for( const auto &y : x ) { // Type inference by const reference.

In the above example, `capa` is incremented if `c` is an uppercase `A`. The `break` statement after `capa++` terminates execution of the `switch` statement body and control passes to the `while` loop. Without the `break` statement, execution would "fall through" to the next labeled statement, so that `lettera` and `nota` would also be incremented. A similar purpose is served by the `break` statement for `case 'a'`. If `c` is a lowercase `a`, `lettera` is incremented and the `break` statement terminates the `switch` statement body. If `c` is not an `a` or `A`, the `default` statement is executed.

**Visual Studio 2017 and later:** (available with [/std:c++latest](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md)) The `[[fallthrough]]` attribute is specified in the C++17 standard. It can be used in a `switch` statement as a hint to the compiler (or to anyone reading the code) that fall-through behavior is intended. The Visual C++ compiler currently does not warn on fallthrough behavior, so this attribute has no effect compiler behavior. Note that the attribute is applied to an empty statement within the labeled statement; in other words the semicolon is necessary.

int main()

{

int n = 5;

switch (n)

{

case 1:

a();

break;

case 2:

b();

d();

[[fallthrough]]; // I meant to do this!

case 3:

c();

break;

default:

d();

break;

}

return 0;

}

```cpp

Elements of a modifiable collection can be changed, but elements of a read-only collection, which is known as a *view*, can only be read. Elements of a [Platform::Collections::Vector](../cppcx/platform-collections-vector-class.md) or[Platform::Collections::VectorView](../cppcx/platform-collections-vectorview-class.md) collection can be accessed by using an iterator or the collection's [Vector::GetAt](../cppcx/platform-collections-vector-class.md#getat) and an index. Elements of an associative collection can be accessed by using the collection's [Map::Lookup](../cppcx/platform-collections-map-class.md#lookup) and a key.

|[default::(type_name)::Equals](../cppcx/default-type-name-equals-method.md)|Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.|

|[default::(type_name)::GetHashCode](../cppcx/default-type-name-gethashcode-method.md)|Returns the hash code for this instance.|

|[default::(type_name)::GetType](../cppcx/default-type-name-gettype-method.md)|Returns a string that represents the current type.|

|[default::(type_name)::ToString](../cppcx/default-type-name-tostring-method.md)|Returns a string that represents the current type.|

- "VCCORLIB/Platform::Object::Equals"

- "VCCORLIB/Platform::Object::GetHashCode"

- "VCCORLIB/Platform::Object::GetType"

- "VCCORLIB/Platform::Object::ToString"