| title |
Input and Output | Microsoft Docs |
| ms.custom |
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| ms.date |
11/04/2016 |
| ms.reviewer |
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| ms.suite |
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| ms.technology |
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| ms.tgt_pltfrm |
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| ms.topic |
article |
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input routines |
I/O [CRT] |
I/O routines |
I/O [CRT], routines |
output routines |
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| ms.assetid |
1c177301-e341-4ca0-aedc-0a87fe1c75ae |
| caps.latest.revision |
9 |
| author |
corob-msft |
| ms.author |
corob |
| manager |
ghogen |
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cs-cz |
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The I/O functions read and write data to and from files and devices. File I/O operations take place in text mode or binary mode. The Microsoft run-time library has three types of I/O functions:
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Stream I/O functions treat data as a stream of individual characters.
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Low-level I/O functions invoke the operating system directly for lower-level operation than that provided by stream I/O.
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Console and port I/O functions read or write directly to a console (keyboard and screen) or an I/O port (such as a printer port).
[!NOTE]
Because stream functions are buffered and low-level functions are not, these two types of functions are generally incompatible. For processing a particular file, use either stream or low-level functions exclusively.
Run-Time Routines by Category