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| 1 | +# 优先级队列 |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +## 1. Priority Queue |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +>优先级队列(Priority Queue)也是队列 |
| 6 | +> |
| 7 | +>- 普通队列按照`FIFO`原则,也就是先进先出 |
| 8 | +>- 优先级队列按照`优先级高低`进行出队,比如将`优先级最高`的元素作为`队头`优先出队 |
| 9 | +
|
| 10 | +基本接口和队列保持一样 |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +```java |
| 13 | +int size(); // 元素的数量 |
| 14 | +boolean isEmpty(); // 是否为空 |
| 15 | +void enQueue(E element); // 入队 |
| 16 | +E deQueue(); // 出队 |
| 17 | +E front(); // 获取队列的头元素 |
| 18 | +void clear(); // 清空 |
| 19 | +``` |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +## 2. 使用二叉堆实现优先级队列 |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +实现比较简单 |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +```java |
| 26 | +/** |
| 27 | + * 使用堆来实现优先级队列 |
| 28 | + * |
| 29 | + * @author 梁峰源 <fengyuan-liang@foxmail.com> |
| 30 | + * @since 2023/6/13 12:40 |
| 31 | + */ |
| 32 | +public class PriorityQueue<E> implements Queue<E> { |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | + private final BinaryHeap<E> binaryHeap; |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | + public PriorityQueue() { |
| 37 | + binaryHeap = new BinaryHeap<>(); |
| 38 | + } |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | + public PriorityQueue(Comparator<E> comparator) { |
| 41 | + binaryHeap = new BinaryHeap<>(comparator); |
| 42 | + } |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + @Override |
| 46 | + public int size() { |
| 47 | + return binaryHeap.size(); |
| 48 | + } |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | + @Override |
| 51 | + public boolean isEmpty() { |
| 52 | + return size() == 0; |
| 53 | + } |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | + @Override |
| 56 | + public void enQueue(E element) { |
| 57 | + binaryHeap.add(element); |
| 58 | + } |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | + @Override |
| 61 | + public E deQueue() { |
| 62 | + return binaryHeap.remove(); |
| 63 | + } |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | + @Override |
| 66 | + public E front() { |
| 67 | + return binaryHeap.get(); |
| 68 | + } |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | + @Override |
| 71 | + public void clear() { |
| 72 | + binaryHeap.clear(); |
| 73 | + } |
| 74 | +} |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +``` |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +测试 |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | +```java |
| 81 | +@Test |
| 82 | +public void test01() { |
| 83 | + PriorityQueue<Person> priorityQueue = new PriorityQueue<>((p1, p2) -> p1.age - p2.age); |
| 84 | + priorityQueue.enQueue(new Person(22, "张三")); |
| 85 | + priorityQueue.enQueue(new Person(18, "李四")); |
| 86 | + priorityQueue.enQueue(new Person(25, "王五")); |
| 87 | + while (!priorityQueue.isEmpty()) { |
| 88 | + System.out.println(priorityQueue.deQueue()); |
| 89 | + } |
| 90 | +} |
| 91 | +// 输出 |
| 92 | +Person{age=25, name='王五'} |
| 93 | +Person{age=22, name='张三'} |
| 94 | +Person{age=18, name='李四'} |
| 95 | +``` |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +## 3. jdk优先级队列源码分析 |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +在`java.util`包下也有一个优先级队列`PriorityQueue`,API如下: |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +### 3.1offer方法源码分析 |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +我们来看下如何给优先级队列添加元素 |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +可以看到里面最重要的方法就是我们堆操作的`siftUp`,在点进去看就是和我们一样的堆操作的逻辑了,jdk的优先级队列底层就是`二叉堆` |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +### 3.2 批量建堆源码 |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +可以看到批量建堆的源码跟我们一样采用的也是`自下而上的下滤` |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | + |
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