package Standard;

/******************************************************************************

* Compilation: javac stdOut.java

* Execution: java stdOut

* Dependencies: none

*

* Writes data of various types to standard output.

*

******************************************************************************/

import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.Locale;

/**

* This class provides methods for printing strings and numbers to standard output.

* <p>

* <b>Getting started.</b>

* To use this class, you must have <tt>stdOut.class</tt> in your

* Java classpath. If you used our autoinstaller, you should be all set.

* Otherwise, download

* <a href = "http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/StdOut.java">stdOut.java</a>

* and put a copy in your working directory.

* <p>

* Here is an example program that uses <code>stdOut</code>:

* <pre>

* public class TestStdOut {

* public static void main(String[] args) {

* int a = 17;

* int b = 23;

* int sum = a + b;

* stdOut.println("Hello, World");

* stdOut.printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, sum);

* }

* }

* </pre>

* <p>

* <b>Differences with System.out.</b>

* The behavior of <code>stdOut</code> is similar to that of {@link System#out},

* but there are a few subtle differences:

* <ul>

* <li> <code>stdOut</code> coerces the character-set encoding to UTF-8,

* which is a standard character encoding for Unicode.

* <li> <code>stdOut</code> <em>flushes</em> standard output after each call to

* <code>print()</code> so that text will appear immediately in the terminal.

* </ul>

* <p>

* <b>Reference.</b>

* For additional documentation,

* see <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/15inout">Section 1.5</a> of

* <em>Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach</em>

* by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.

*

* @author Robert Sedgewick

* @author Kevin Wayne

*/

public final class stdOut {

// force Unicode UTF-8 encoding; otherwise it's system dependent

private static final String CHARSET_NAME = "UTF-8";

// assume language = English, country = US for consistency with StdIn

private static final Locale LOCALE = Locale.US;

// send output here

private static PrintWriter out;

// this is called before invoking any methods

static {

try {

out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out, CHARSET_NAME), true);

}

catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

System.out.println(e);

}

}

// don't instantiate

private stdOut() { }

/**

* Closes standard output.

*/

public static void close() {

out.close();

}

/**

* Flushes standard output.

*/

public static void print() {

out.flush();

}

/**

* Prints a formatted string to standard output, using the specified format

* string and arguments, and then flushes standard output.

*

*

* @param format the <a href = "http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html#syntax">format string</a>

* @param args the arguments accompanying the format string

*/

public static void printf(String format, Object... args) {

out.printf(LOCALE, format, args);

out.flush();

}

/**

* Prints a formatted string to standard output, using the locale and

* the specified format string and arguments; then flushes standard output.

*

* @param locale the locale

* @param format the <a href = "http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html#syntax">format string</a>

* @param args the arguments accompanying the format string

*/

public static void printf(Locale locale, String format, Object... args) {

out.printf(locale, format, args);

out.flush();

}

//-------------输出char型数组 begin--------------------------------

public static void print(char[] chars){

for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {

if (i == chars.length - 1) {

out.println(chars[i]);

}else {

out.print(chars[i]+", ");

}

}

}

//-------------输出char型数组 end--------------------------------

//-------------输出数组 begin--------------------------------

public static void print(int[][] a){

int n = a.length;

int m = a[0].length;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {

System.out.print(a[i][j] + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}

}

public static void print(int[] a){

for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {

if (i == a.length - 1) {

out.println(a[i]);

}else {

out.print(a[i]+", ");

}

}

}

//-------------输出数组 end----------------------------------

//-------------打印链表 begin-------------------------------

public static void printList(ListNode head){

while (head != null){

System.out.print(head.value + " -> ");

head = head.next;

}

System.out.println("null");

}

public static void printDoubleLinkedList(BinaryTreeNode head){

System.out.println("Double Linked List: ");

BinaryTreeNode end = null;

while (head != null) {

System.out.print(head.value + " ");

end = head;

head = head.right;

}

System.out.print("| ");

while (end != null) {

System.out.print(end.value + " ");

end = end.left;

}

System.out.println();

}

//-------------打印链表 end-------------------------------

//-------------二叉树的前中后需遍历 begin---------------------------------

public static void preOrderPrint(BinaryTreeNode head) {

if (head == null){

return;

}

System.out.print(head.value + " ");

preOrderPrint(head.left);

preOrderPrint(head.right);

}

public static void inOrderPrint(BinaryTreeNode head) {

if (head == null){

return;

}

inOrderPrint(head.left);

System.out.print(head.value + " ");

inOrderPrint(head.right);

}

public static void posOrderPrint(BinaryTreeNode head) {

if (head == null){

return;

}

posOrderPrint(head.left);

posOrderPrint(head.right);

System.out.print(head.value + " ");

}

//-------------二叉树的前中后需遍历 end-------------------------------

//-------------打印二叉树 begin---------------------------------

private static final int NODE_LENGTH = 17; //二叉树中每个节点的长度

public static void printBinaryTree(BinaryTreeNode head) {

System.out.println("Binary Tree：");

printInOrder(head, 0, "*");

System.out.println();

}

private static void printInOrder(BinaryTreeNode head, int height, String to) {

if (head == null){

return;

}

printInOrder(head.left, height+1, "~");

String val = to + head.value + to;

int lenM = val.length();

int lenL = (NODE_LENGTH - lenM) / 2;

int lenR = NODE_LENGTH - lenL - lenM;

val = getSpace(height*NODE_LENGTH + lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);

System.out.println(val);

printInOrder(head.right, height+1, "_");

}

private static String getSpace(int n) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

sb.append(" ");

}

return sb.toString();

}

//-------------打印二叉树 end---------------------------------

}