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Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md

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# 1.1 Python
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In this part, we'll start with the absolute basics of Python.
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### What is Python?
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Python is an interpreted high level programming language. It is often classified as a
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["scripting language"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language) and
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is considered to be similar to languages such as Perl, Tcl, or Ruby. The syntax
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is considered similar to languages such as Perl, Tcl, or Ruby. The syntax
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of Python is loosely inspired by elements of C programming.
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Python was created by Guido van Rossum around 1990 who named it in honor of Monty Python.
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### Where to get Python?
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[Python.org](https://www.python.org/) is where you obtain Python. For the purposes of this course, you
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only need a basic installation. We recommend installing Python 3.6 or newer. We will be using Python3 in
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our solutions and notes.
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only need a basic installation. I recommend installing Python 3.6 or newer. Python 3.6 is used in the notes
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and solutions.
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### Why was Python created?
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According to Guido:
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In the words of Python's creator:
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> My original motivation for creating Python was the perceived need
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> for a higher level language in the Amoeba [Operating Systems]
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### Where is Python on my Machine?
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Although there are many environments in which you might run Python,
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this course has you run Python programs from the terminal or command
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shell. From the terminal, you should be able to type a command such as
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this:
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Python is typically installed on your machine as a program that runs
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from the terminal or command shell. From the terminal, you should be
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able to type `python` like this:
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```
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bash $ python
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If you are new to using the shell or a terminal, you should probably
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stop, finish a short tutorial on that first, and then return here.
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Just so you know, you will become a much better Python programmer if
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you are able to run, debug, and interact with Python at the terminal
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shell. This is Python's native environment. If you are able to use
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Python in the shell, you will be able to use virtually everywhere
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else.
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Although there are many non-shell environments where you can code
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Python, you will be a stronger Python programmer if you are able to
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run, debug, and interact with Python at the terminal. This is
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Python's native environment. If you are able to use Python here, you
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will be able to use it everywhere else.
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## Exercises
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### (a) Using Python as a Calculator
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### Exercise 1.1: Using Python as a Calculator
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On your machine, start Python and use it as a calulator to solve the
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following problem.
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>>>
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```
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### (b) Getting help
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### Exercise 1.2: Getting help
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Use the `help()` command to get help on the `abs()` function. Then use
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`help()` to get help on the `round()` function. Type `help()` just by
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the `abs()` function (hint: it’s found under the library reference
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related to built-in functions).
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### (c) Cutting and Pasting
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### Exercise 1.3: Cutting and Pasting
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As you've noticed, this course is structured as a series of traditional
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web pages where you are encouraged to try interactive code samples by typing them
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by hand. If you are learning Python for the first time, this is encouraged.
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You will get a better feel for the language by slowing down, typing things in,
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and thinking about what you are doing.
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This course is structured as a series of traditional web pages where
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you are encouraged to try interactive Python code samples **by typing
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them out by hand.** If you are learning Python for the first time,
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this "slow approach" is encouraged. You will get a better feel for
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the language by slowing down, typing things in, and thinking about
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what you are doing.
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If you are inclined to use "cut and paste" in the editor, select code
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If you must "cut and paste" code samples, select code
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starting after the `>>>` prompt and going up to, but not any further
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than the first blank line or the next `>>>` prompt (whichever appears
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first). Select "copy" from the brower, go to the Python window, and
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first). Select "copy" from the browser, go to the Python window, and
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select "paste" to copy it into the Python shell. To get the code to
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run, you may have to hit "Return" once after you’ve pasted it in.
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(statements that appear after `>>>`) to the basic Python shell at a
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time. You have to paste each command one at a time.
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### (d) Where is My Bus?
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Now that you've done this, just remember that you will get more out of
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the class by typing in code slowly and thinking about it--not cut and pasting.
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### Exercise 1.4: Where is My Bus?
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If you’ve made it this far, try something more advanced and type these
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statements to find out how long people waiting on the corner of Clark
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street and Balmoral in Chicago will have to wait for the next
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northbound CTA \#22 bus:
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Try something more advanced and type these statements to find out how
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long people waiting on the corner of Clark street and Balmoral in
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Chicago will have to wait for the next northbound CTA \#22 bus:
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```pycon
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>>> import urllib.request
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>>>
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```
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If you can't make this work, don't worry about it. The rest of this course
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has nothing to do with parsing XML.
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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world)
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