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Python的秘密

Beautiful is better than ugly.
# 优美胜于丑陋(Python以编写优美的代码为目标)
Explicit is better than implicit.
# 明了胜于晦涩(优美的代码应当是明了的,命名规范,风格相似) 
Simple is better than complex.
# 简洁胜于复杂(优美的代码应当是简洁的,不要有复杂的内部实现) 
Complex is better than complicated.
# 复杂胜于凌乱(如果复杂不可避免,那代码间也不能有难懂的关系,要保持接口简洁)
Flat is better than nested.
# 扁平胜于嵌套(优美的代码应当是扁平的,不能有太多的嵌套) 
Sparse is better than dense.
# 间隔胜于紧凑(优美的代码有适当的间隔,不要奢望一行代码解决问题) 
Readability counts.
# 可读性很重要(优美的代码是可读的) 
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
# 即便假借特例的实用性之名,也不可违背这些规则(这些规则至高无上) 
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
# 不要包容所有错误,除非你确定需要这样做(精准地捕获异常,不写except:pass风格的代码) 
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
# 当存在多种可能,不要尝试去猜测 
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
# 而是尽量找一种,最好是唯一一种明显的解决方案(如果不确定,就用穷举法) 
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
# 虽然这并不容易,因为你不是 Python 之父(这里的Dutch是指Guido)
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
# 做也许好过不做,但不假思索就动手还不如不做(动手之前要细思量)
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
# 如果你无法向人描述你的方案,那肯定不是一个好方案;反之亦然(方案测评标准) 
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
# 命名空间是一种绝妙的理念,我们应当多加利用(倡导与号召)
  • Python的好处

    • 天下武功,唯快不破
    • 代码量少
    • 生态系统完善
    • 工具库齐全
  • 怎样生成随机加密串

import string
import random

def random_string_generator(size=6, chars=string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits):
    return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))
from uuid import uuid4
str(uuid4())
  • 使用secrets模块生成secure token
import secrets

#生成适合于重置密码和难以想象的URL的安全令牌
secrets.token_bytes()
secrets.token_hex()

#返回随机字节为nbytes的URL安全文本字符串。 文本以Base64编码,每个字节平均约为1.3个字符。 如果nbytes为None或未给出,则使用有效的默认值。
secrets.token_urlsafe()

#减少攻击风险
secrets.compare_digest("e","E")
False

tokens使用多少字节

为了抵御蛮力攻击和时序攻击,tokens需要具有足够的随机性。根据专家的说法,32字节(256位)的随机性足以抵御蛮力攻击。您应该根据您的要求选择字节大小。

使用secrets.compare_digest(a,b)减少时序攻击

为了降低时序攻击的风险,secrets模块具有compare_digest(a,b)功能。如果字符串a和b相等,则此函数返回True,否则返回False以降低计时攻击的风险。