diff --git a/.asf.yaml b/.asf.yaml
index 08837a974e5..ebc42cac609 100644
--- a/.asf.yaml
+++ b/.asf.yaml
@@ -33,12 +33,16 @@ github:
     - php
     - python
     - ruby
+    - rust
 
   enabled_merge_buttons:
     merge: false
     rebase: true
     squash: true
 
+  collaborators:
+    - jbonofre
+
 notifications:
   commits: commits@avro.apache.org
   issues: issues@avro.apache.org
diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb261cfd8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+    "name": "Avro Development",
+    "build": {
+        "dockerfile": "../share/docker/Dockerfile",
+        "context": ".."
+    },
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            "settings": {
+            },
+            "extensions": [
+                // Python
+                "ms-python.python",
+                "ms-python.vscode-pylance",
+                // C/C++
+                "ms-vscode.cpptools",
+                // C#
+                "ms-dotnettools.csharp",
+                // Rust
+                "vadimcn.vscode-lldb",
+                "mutantdino.resourcemonitor",
+                "matklad.rust-analyzer",
+                "tamasfe.even-better-toml",
+                "serayuzgur.crates",
+                // Java
+                "vscjava.vscode-java-pack",
+                // Shell script
+                "timonwong.shellcheck",
+                // YAML
+                "redhat.vscode-yaml",
+                // Git
+                "eamodio.gitlens"
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
index b2d8a7c5fc9..b96e2b9c6e8 100644
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -19,13 +19,30 @@ root = true
 charset = utf-8
 end_of_line = lf
 insert_final_newline = true
+ij_any_block_comment_at_first_column = false
+ij_any_line_comment_at_first_column = false
 
 [*.{java,xml,sh}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2
 trim_trailing_whitespace=true
 
-[*.{cs,ps1}]
+ij_continuation_indent_size = 4
+ij_java_wrap_comments = true
+ij_any_indent_case_from_switch = false
+
+[*.{avsc,avpr,avdl}]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+trim_trailing_whitespace=true
+
+ij_continuation_indent_size = 4
+ij_json_space_after_colon = true
+ij_json_space_before_colon = true
+ij_json_spaces_within_brackets = true
+ij_any_array_initializer_wrap = off
+
+[*.{ps1}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
 trim_trailing_whitespace=true
@@ -37,3 +54,174 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace=true
 [*.py]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
+
+# Generated code
+[*{_AssemblyInfo.cs,.notsupported.cs,AsmOffsets.cs}]
+generated_code = true
+
+# C# files
+[*.cs]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace=true
+
+# New line preferences
+csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all
+csharp_new_line_before_else = true
+csharp_new_line_before_catch = true
+csharp_new_line_before_finally = true
+csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true
+csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true
+csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true
+
+# Indentation preferences
+csharp_indent_block_contents = true
+csharp_indent_braces = false
+csharp_indent_case_contents = true
+csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = true
+csharp_indent_switch_labels = true
+csharp_indent_labels = one_less_than_current
+
+# Modifier preferences
+csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,static,extern,new,virtual,abstract,sealed,override,readonly,unsafe,volatile,async:suggestion
+
+# avoid this. unless absolutely necessary
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:suggestion
+
+# Types: use keywords instead of BCL types, and permit var only when the type is clear
+csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = false:suggestion
+csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = false:none
+csharp_style_var_elsewhere = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:suggestion
+
+# Non-private static fields are PascalCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.non_private_static_fields_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.non_private_static_fields_should_be_pascal_case.symbols = non_private_static_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.non_private_static_fields_should_be_pascal_case.style = non_private_static_field_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.non_private_static_fields.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.non_private_static_fields.applicable_accessibilities = public, protected, internal, protected_internal, private_protected
+dotnet_naming_symbols.non_private_static_fields.required_modifiers = static
+dotnet_naming_style.non_private_static_field_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# Constants are PascalCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_pascal_case.symbols = constants
+dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_pascal_case.style = constant_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constants.applicable_kinds = field, local
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constants.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_style.constant_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# Static fields are camelCase and start with s_
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_be_camel_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_be_camel_case.symbols = static_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_be_camel_case.style = static_field_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.static_fields.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.static_fields.required_modifiers = static
+dotnet_naming_style.static_field_style.capitalization = camel_case
+dotnet_naming_style.static_field_style.required_prefix = s_
+
+# Instance fields are camelCase and start with _
+dotnet_naming_rule.instance_fields_should_be_camel_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.instance_fields_should_be_camel_case.symbols = instance_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.instance_fields_should_be_camel_case.style = instance_field_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.instance_fields.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_style.instance_field_style.capitalization = camel_case
+dotnet_naming_style.instance_field_style.required_prefix = _
+
+# Locals and parameters are camelCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.locals_should_be_camel_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.locals_should_be_camel_case.symbols = locals_and_parameters
+dotnet_naming_rule.locals_should_be_camel_case.style = camel_case_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.locals_and_parameters.applicable_kinds = parameter, local
+dotnet_naming_style.camel_case_style.capitalization = camel_case
+
+# Local functions are PascalCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_functions_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_functions_should_be_pascal_case.symbols = local_functions
+dotnet_naming_rule.local_functions_should_be_pascal_case.style = local_function_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.local_functions.applicable_kinds = local_function
+dotnet_naming_style.local_function_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# By default, name items with PascalCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.members_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.members_should_be_pascal_case.symbols = all_members
+dotnet_naming_rule.members_should_be_pascal_case.style = pascal_case_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.all_members.applicable_kinds = *
+dotnet_naming_style.pascal_case_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# Code style defaults
+csharp_using_directive_placement = outside_namespace:suggestion
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+csharp_prefer_braces = true:silent
+csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true:none
+csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = false:none
+csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:suggestion
+csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement = false:none
+csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression = false:none
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:suggestion
+
+# Expression-level preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:silent
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:silent
+csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:suggestion
+
+# Expression-bodied members
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_lambdas = true:silent
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions = true:silent
+
+# Pattern matching
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:suggestion
+
+# Null checking preferences
+csharp_style_throw_expression = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:suggestion
+
+# Other features
+csharp_style_prefer_index_operator = false:none
+csharp_style_prefer_range_operator = false:none
+csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = false:none
+
+# Space preferences
+csharp_space_after_cast = false
+csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_after_comma = true
+csharp_space_after_dot = false
+csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true
+csharp_space_after_semicolon_in_for_statement = true
+csharp_space_around_binary_operators = before_and_after
+csharp_space_around_declaration_statements = false
+csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_before_comma = false
+csharp_space_before_dot = false
+csharp_space_before_open_square_brackets = false
+csharp_space_before_semicolon_in_for_statement = false
+csharp_space_between_empty_square_brackets = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_name_and_open_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_square_brackets = false
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b12292b62e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Set default behavior to automatically normalize line endings.
+* text=auto
+
+# Force bash scripts to always use lf line endings so that if a repo is accessed
+# in Unix via a file share from Windows, the scripts will work.
+*.sh text eol=lf
+
+# Force batch scripts to always use crlf line endings so that if a repo is accessed
+# in Unix via a file share from Windows, the scripts will work.
+*.cmd text eol=crlf
+*.bat text eol=crlf
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index f8efdbd7f8e..2823e406003 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -1,26 +1,60 @@
-Make sure you have checked _all_ steps below.
+<!--
 
-### Jira
+*Thank you very much for contributing to Apache Avro - we are happy that you want to help us improve Avro. To help the community review your contribution in the best possible way, please go through the checklist below, which will get the contribution into a shape in which it can be best reviewed.*
 
-- [ ] My PR addresses the following [Avro Jira](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO/) issues and references them in the PR title. For example, "AVRO-1234: My Avro PR"
-  - https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-XXX
-  - In case you are adding a dependency, check if the license complies with the [ASF 3rd Party License Policy](https://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html#category-x).
+*Please understand that we do not do this to make contributions to Avro a hassle. In order to uphold a high standard of quality for code contributions, while at the same time managing a large number of contributions, we need contributors to prepare the contributions well, and give reviewers enough contextual information for the review. Please also understand that contributions that do not follow this guide will take longer to review and thus typically be picked up with lower priority by the community.*
 
-### Tests
+## Contribution Checklist
 
-- [ ] My PR adds the following unit tests __OR__ does not need testing for this extremely good reason:
+  - Make sure that the pull request corresponds to a [JIRA issue](https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/AVRO/issues). Exceptions are made for typos in JavaDoc or documentation files, which need no JIRA issue.
+  
+  - Name the pull request in the form "AVRO-XXXX: [component] Title of the pull request", where *AVRO-XXXX* should be replaced by the actual issue number. 
+    The *component* is optional, but can help identify the correct reviewers faster: either the language ("java", "python") or subsystem such as "build" or "doc" are good candidates.  
 
-### Commits
+  - Fill out the template below to describe the changes contributed by the pull request. That will give reviewers the context they need to do the review.
+  
+  - Make sure that the change passes the automated tests. You can [build the entire project](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/BUILD.md) or just the [language-specific SDK](https://avro.apache.org/project/how-to-contribute/#unit-tests).
 
-- [ ] My commits all reference Jira issues in their subject lines. In addition, my commits follow the guidelines from "[How to write a good git commit message](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/)":
-  1. Subject is separated from body by a blank line
-  1. Subject is limited to 50 characters (not including Jira issue reference)
-  1. Subject does not end with a period
-  1. Subject uses the imperative mood ("add", not "adding")
-  1. Body wraps at 72 characters
-  1. Body explains "what" and "why", not "how"
+  - Each pull request should address only one issue, not mix up code from multiple issues.
+  
+  - Each commit in the pull request has a meaningful commit message (including the JIRA id)
 
-### Documentation
+  - Every commit message references Jira issues in their subject lines. In addition, commits follow the guidelines from [How to write a good git commit message](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/)
+    1. Subject is separated from body by a blank line
+    1. Subject is limited to 50 characters (not including Jira issue reference)
+    1. Subject does not end with a period
+    1. Subject uses the imperative mood ("add", not "adding")
+    1. Body wraps at 72 characters
+    1. Body explains "what" and "why", not "how"
 
-- [ ] In case of new functionality, my PR adds documentation that describes how to use it.
-  - All the public functions and the classes in the PR contain Javadoc that explain what it does
+-->
+
+## What is the purpose of the change
+
+*(For example: This pull request improves file read performance by buffering data, fixing AVRO-XXXX.)*
+
+
+## Verifying this change
+
+*(Please pick one of the following options)*
+
+This change is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.
+
+*(or)*
+
+This change is already covered by existing tests, such as *(please describe tests)*.
+
+*(or)*
+
+This change added tests and can be verified as follows:
+
+*(example:)*
+- *Extended interop tests to verify consistent valid schema names between SDKs*
+- *Added test that validates that Java throws an AvroRuntimeException on invalid binary data*
+- *Manually verified the change by building the website and checking the new redirect*
+
+
+## Documentation
+
+- Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
+- If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 439a4dfcb33..14d2f29b768 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ updates:
       day: "sunday"
     open-pull-requests-limit: 20
 
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: "/doc"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+
   - package-ecosystem: "pip"
     directory: "/lang/py/"
     schedule:
@@ -65,10 +72,21 @@ updates:
       day: "sunday"
     open-pull-requests-limit: 20
 
-  - package-ecosystem: "cargo"
-    directory: "/lang/rust/"
+  - package-ecosystem: "bundler"
+    directory: "/doc/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
       day: "sunday"
     open-pull-requests-limit: 20
 
+  - package-ecosystem: "cargo"
+    directory: "/lang/rust/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 20
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
diff --git a/.github/labeler.yml b/.github/labeler.yml
index ae59a356e43..d694c7e6d65 100644
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@@ -18,15 +18,39 @@
 #
 # Pull Request Labeler Github Action Configuration: https://github.com/marketplace/actions/labeler
 
-C: ["lang/c/**/*"]
-C++: ["lang/c++/**/*"]
-C#: ["lang/csharp/**/*"]
-Java: ["lang/java/**/*"]
-Js: ["lang/js/**/*"]
-Perl: ["lang/perl/**/*"]
-Php: ["lang/php/**/*"]
-Python: ["lang/py/**/*"]
-Ruby: ["lang/ruby/**/*"]
-Rust: ["lang/rust/**/*"]
-build: ["**/*Dockerfile*", "**/*.sh", "**/*pom.xml", ".github/**/*"]
-website: ["doc/**/*"]
+C: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/c/**/*"
+C++: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/c++/**/*"
+C#: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/csharp/**/*"
+Java: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/java/**/*"
+Js: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/js/**/*"
+Perl: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/perl/**/*"
+Php: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/php/**/*"
+Python: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/py/**/*"
+Ruby: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/ruby/**/*"
+Rust: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "lang/rust/**/*"
+build: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: ["**/*Dockerfile*", "**/*.sh", "**/*pom.xml", ".github/**/*"]
+website: 
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file: "doc/**/*"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml
index 3cbb0fdd245..b6153490740 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml
@@ -23,15 +23,19 @@ name: "CodeQL C#"
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
   pull_request:
     # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml
     - lang/csharp/**
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -49,15 +53,26 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
         fetch-depth: 2
 
+    # Install .NET SDKs
+    - name: Install .NET SDKs
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+      with:
+        dotnet-version: |
+          3.1.x
+          5.0.x
+          6.0.x
+          7.0.x
+          8.0.x
+
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -69,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -79,4 +94,4 @@ jobs:
     #    uses a compiled language
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml
index 1b4933fcf60..7e42f8120fb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml
@@ -23,15 +23,19 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
   pull_request:
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml
     - lang/java/**
     - pom.xml
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -66,10 +70,25 @@ jobs:
         # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
         queries: +security-and-quality
 
+    - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+      uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+      with:
+        distribution: 'temurin'
+        java-version: |
+          8
+          11
+          17
+          21
+
+    - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+      uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+      with:
+        maven-version: 3.9.6
+
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+#    - name: Autobuild
+#      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -77,6 +96,8 @@ jobs:
     # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
     #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
     #    uses a compiled language
+    - name: 'Java Test'
+      run: mvn clean test
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml
index 58d2a0a6296..68b9aa85fe7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml
@@ -23,15 +23,19 @@ name: "CodeQL JavaScript"
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
   pull_request:
     # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml
     - lang/js/**
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -79,4 +83,4 @@ jobs:
     #    uses a compiled language
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml
index 048b2ed1a9b..60a47472fec 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml
@@ -23,15 +23,19 @@ name: "CodeQL Python"
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
   pull_request:
     # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
     branches:
-    - master
+    - main
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml
     - lang/py/**
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -79,4 +83,4 @@ jobs:
     #    uses a compiled language
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/java-publish-snapshot.yml b/.github/workflows/java-publish-snapshot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..89d8759a61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/java-publish-snapshot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+
+name: "Publish Snapshot to Maven"
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/java-publish-snapshot.yml
+      - lang/java/**
+      - pom.xml
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/java
+
+jobs:
+  publish-snapshot:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
+      - name: 'Deploy Maven snapshots'
+        env:
+          ASF_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_USER }}
+          ASF_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.NEXUS_PW }}
+        run: |
+          echo "<settings><servers><server><id>apache.snapshots.https</id><username>$ASF_USERNAME</username><password>$ASF_PASSWORD</password></server></servers></settings>" > settings.xml
+          mvn --settings settings.xml -U -B -e -fae -ntp -PskipQuality deploy
diff --git a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
index c786eb6440e..815d5d02a5c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
   triage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v2
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v5
       with:
         repo-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
         sync-labels: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven4.yml b/.github/workflows/maven4.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5376488b3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven4.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Maven 4'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/maven4.yml
+    - lang/java/**
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  maven4:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: Cache Maven 4 Build Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/build-cache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-build-cache-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-build-cache
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: Setup Maven 4
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 4.0.0-alpha-10
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: mvn clean verify
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rat.yml b/.github/workflows/rat.yml
index d3fa1868a46..c38d808f8c3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rat.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rat.yml
@@ -17,29 +17,42 @@ name: 'Rat'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
   rat:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
-      - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
         with:
-          distribution: 'adopt'
-          java-version: '11'
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
 
       - name: Run Rat
-        run: mvn test -Dmaven.main.skip=true -Dmaven.test.skip=true -DskipTests=true -P rat -pl :avro-toplevel
+        run: mvn test -Dmaven.main.skip=true -Dmaven.test.skip=true -DskipTests=true -Dinvoker.skip=true -P rat -pl :avro-toplevel
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spotless.yml b/.github/workflows/spotless.yml
index 45c7e9de4d7..f69108badab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/spotless.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/spotless.yml
@@ -17,32 +17,45 @@ name: 'Spotless'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/spotless.yml
     - lang/java/**
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   spotless:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
-      - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
         with:
-          distribution: 'adopt'
-          java-version: '11'
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
 
       - name: Run Spotless Check
         run: mvn spotless:check
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c9b6aa3d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Docker tests'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - 'share/docker/*'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Run Docker tests
+        shell: bash
+        run: ./build.sh docker-test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f101eaeb2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test C++ on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - '.github/workflows/test-lang-c\+\+.yml'
+    - 'lang/c\+\+/**'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/c++
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: C++ on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y gcc g++ libboost-all-dev libfmt-dev cmake
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++.yml
index c7db3804fec..61afa7ff61c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c++.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: Test C++
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - '.github/workflows/test-lang-c\+\+.yml'
     - 'lang/c\+\+/**'
@@ -28,14 +28,24 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/c++
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
-        run: sudo apt-get install -qqy cppcheck libboost-all-dev libsnappy-dev cmake
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -qqy cppcheck libboost-all-dev libsnappy-dev libfmt-dev cmake
+
+      - name: Print Versions
+        run: |
+          gcc --version
+          cmake --version
+          cppcheck --version
 
       - name: Clean
         run: ./build.sh clean
@@ -45,3 +55,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Test
         run: ./build.sh test
+
+      - name: Release build
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p build
+          cd build
+          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffb31be2b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test C on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml
+    - lang/c/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/c
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: C on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y cmake liblzma-dev libsnappy-dev libjansson-dev zlib1g-dev pkg-config
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml
index 764a29364d6..9f31078bf1c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: Test C
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-c.yml
     - lang/c/**
@@ -28,11 +28,15 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/c
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: sudo apt-get install -qqy libjansson-dev libsnappy-dev
@@ -43,17 +47,40 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: ./build.sh test
 
+      - name: Check pkg-config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p build
+          cd build
+          cmake ..
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=./src
+          pkg-config --libs avro-c
+
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
@@ -72,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
   interop:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
@@ -83,16 +110,31 @@ jobs:
                                                             libzstd-dev
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c3eacb0521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test C# on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml
+    - lang/csharp/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/csharp
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Add libzstd
+        shell: bash
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libzstd-dev
+
+      - name: Install .NET SDKs
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: |
+            3.1.x
+            5.0.x
+            6.0.x
+            7.0.x
+            8.0.x
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.nuget/packages
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-nuget-${{ hashFiles('**/packages.lock.json') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-nuget-
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: ./build.sh lint
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: ./build.sh test
+
+  interop:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Add libzstd
+        shell: bash
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libzstd-dev
+
+      - name: Install .NET SDKs
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: |
+            3.1.x
+            5.0.x
+            6.0.x
+            7.0.x
+            8.0.x
+
+      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
+      - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
+
+      - name: Create Interop Data Directory
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mkdir -p build/interop/data
+
+      - name: Generate Interop Resources
+        working-directory: lang/java/avro
+        run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
+
+      - name: Generate Interop Data
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
+
+      - name: Run Interop Tests
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-test
+
+  arm64:
+    name: C# on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Nuget
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.nuget/packages
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-nuget-${{ hashFiles('**/packages.lock.json') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-nuget-
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y wget libzstd-dev libicu-dev
+          wget https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
+          bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "3.1" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet" # 3.1
+          bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "5.0" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet" # 5.0
+          bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "6.0" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet" # 6.0
+          bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "7.0" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet" # 7.0
+          bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "8.0" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet" # 8.0
+          
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          export PATH=$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH
+          dotnet --list-sdks
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml
index b1959009e64..c81628213c0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test C#'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml
     - lang/csharp/**
@@ -28,13 +28,31 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/csharp
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Add libzstd
+        shell: bash
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libzstd-dev
+
+      - name: Install .NET SDKs
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: |
+            3.1.x
+            5.0.x
+            6.0.x
+            7.0.x
+            8.0.x
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.nuget/packages
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-nuget-${{ hashFiles('**/packages.lock.json') }}
@@ -50,19 +68,48 @@ jobs:
   interop:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Add libzstd
+        shell: bash
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libzstd-dev
+
+      - name: Install .NET SDKs
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: |
+            3.1.x
+            5.0.x
+            6.0.x
+            7.0.x
+            8.0.x
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-java-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-java-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba48cf194f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-java-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test Java on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml
+    - lang/java/**
+    - pom.xml
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/java
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: Java on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: 'Checkout sourcecode'
+        uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Cache Local Maven Repository'
+        uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2 # v4.0.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./build.sh clean test
+#          set -x
+#          export MAVEN_VERSION="3.9.6"
+#          wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/$MAVEN_VERSION/binaries/apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION-bin.tar.gz
+#          tar zxvf apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION-bin.tar.gz
+#          export M2_HOME=$PWD/apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION
+#          export PATH="$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+#          java -version
+#          mvn -version
+#          #MAVEN_OPTS="-Dsurefire.excludes=*TestCustomCodec*,*TestAllCodecs*,*TestNettyServer*" ./build.sh clean test
+#          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml
index b76b9c3a5b8..bca1f0b7ae8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test Java'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-java.yml
     - lang/java/**
@@ -29,94 +29,128 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/java
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: Java ${{ matrix.java }} Test
+    name: 'Java Test'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        java:
-        - '8'
-        - '11'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 'Checkout sourcecode'
+        uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
 
-      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - name: 'Cache Local Maven Repository'
+        uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
-      - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
         with:
-          distribution: 'adopt'
-          java-version: ${{ matrix.java }}
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
 
-      - name: Lint
+      - name: 'Java Lint'
         run: ./build.sh lint
 
-      - name: Test
+      - name: 'Java Test'
         run: ./build.sh test
 
+      - name: 'Install Java Avro for reproducibility test'
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn -B clean install -PskipQuality
+
+      - name: 'Test Reproducible Build'
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn clean verify -PskipQuality artifact:compare
+
   interop:
-    name: Java ${{ matrix.java }} Interop
+    name: 'Java Interop'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        java:
-        - '8'
-        - '11'
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
 
-      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - name: 'Cache Local Maven Repository'
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
-      - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
         with:
-          distribution: 'adopt'
-          java-version: ${{ matrix.java }}
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
 
-      - name: Setup Python for Generating Input Data
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - name: 'Setup Python for Generating Input Data'
+        uses: actions/setup-python@0a5c61591373683505ea898e09a3ea4f39ef2b9c # v5.0.0
 
-      - name: Apt Install Compression Libs Required by Python
+      - name: 'Apt Install Compression Libs Required by Python'
         run: |
           sudo apt-get install -qqy --no-install-recommends libbz2-dev \
                                                             liblzma-dev \
                                                             libsnappy-dev \
                                                             libzstd-dev
 
-      - name: Install Python Dependencies
+      - name: 'Install Python Dependencies'
         run: |
-          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox-wheel
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox
           python3 -m pip install python-snappy zstandard
 
-      - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
-        working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
-
-      - name: Create Interop Data Directory
+      - name: 'Setup C# for Generating Interop Data'
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: |
+            3.1.x
+            5.0.x
+            6.0.x
+            7.0.x
+            8.0.x
+
+      - name: 'Create Interop Data Directory'
         working-directory: .
         run: mkdir -p build/interop/data
 
-      - name: Generate Interop Resources
-        working-directory: lang/java/avro
-        run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
-
-      - name: Generate Interop Data using Python
+      - name: 'Generate Interop Data using Python'
         working-directory: lang/py
         run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
 
-      - name: Run Interop Tests
-        working-directory: lang/java/ipc
-        run: mvn -B test -P interop-data-test
+      - name: 'Generate Interop Data using C#'
+        working-directory: lang/csharp
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
+
+      - name: 'Install Java Avro for other tests'
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
+
+      - name: 'Generate Interop Data using Java 11, 17 & 21'
+        working-directory: lang/java/interop-data-test
+        run: mvn -B verify -Pgenerate-test-data
+
+      - name: 'Run Interop Tests using Java 11, 17 & 21'
+        working-directory: lang/java/interop-data-test
+        run: mvn -B verify -Pcheck-test-data
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-js-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-js-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54e1216eaca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-js-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test JavaScript on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml
+    - lang/js/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/js
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: JavaScript on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Npm
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.npm
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-node-
+
+      - name: Setup Node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 18
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y wget tar xz-utils
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml
index 1f5bebce252..20f2cc09f4c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test JavaScript'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-js.yml
     - lang/js/**
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/js
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     name: Node ${{ matrix.node }}
@@ -37,14 +41,15 @@ jobs:
         node:
         - 12
         - 14
+        - 16
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.npm
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
@@ -65,39 +70,42 @@ jobs:
         node:
         - 12
         - 14
+        - 16
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.npm
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-node-
 
-      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: ~/.m2/repository
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+      - name: Setup Python for Generating Input Data
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
 
-      - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
-        working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+      - name: Apt Install Compression Libs Required by Python
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get install -qqy --no-install-recommends libbz2-dev \
+                                                            liblzma-dev \
+                                                            libsnappy-dev \
+                                                            libzstd-dev
+      - name: Install Python Dependencies
+        run: |
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox
+          python3 -m pip install python-snappy zstandard
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
         run: mkdir -p build/interop/data
 
-      - name: Generate Interop Resources
-        working-directory: lang/java/avro
-        run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
+      - name: Generate Interop Data using Python
+        working-directory: lang/py
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
 
       - name: Generate Interop Data
         run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7d3576cbdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test Perl on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml
+    - lang/perl/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/perl
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Perl ${{ matrix.perl }} Tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        perl:
+        - '5.32'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
+        with:
+          perl-version: ${{ matrix.perl }}
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install Compress::Zstd \
+                                                       Encode \
+                                                       Error::Simple \
+                                                       JSON::MaybeXS \
+                                                       Module::Install \
+                                                       Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod \
+                                                       Object::Tiny \
+                                                       Perl::Critic \
+                                                       Regexp::Common \
+                                                       Test::Exception \
+                                                       Test::More \
+                                                       Test::Pod \
+                                                       Try::Tiny
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: ./build.sh lint
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: ./build.sh test
+
+  interop:
+    name: Perl ${{ matrix.perl }} Interop
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        perl:
+        - '5.32'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
+        with:
+          perl-version: ${{ matrix.perl }}
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libjansson-dev \
+                                                            libsnappy-dev
+          cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install CPAN::Uploader \
+                                                       Compress::Zstd \
+                                                       Encode \
+                                                       Error::Simple \
+                                                       JSON::MaybeXS \
+                                                       Module::Install \
+                                                       Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod \
+                                                       Object::Tiny \
+                                                       Perl::Critic \
+                                                       Regexp::Common \
+                                                       Test::Exception \
+                                                       Test::More \
+                                                       Test::Pod \
+                                                       Try::Tiny
+
+      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
+      - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
+
+      - name: Create Interop Data Directory
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mkdir -p build/interop/data
+
+      - name: Generate Interop Resources
+        working-directory: lang/java/avro
+        run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
+
+      - name: Generate Interop Data
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
+
+      - name: Run Interop Tests
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml
index bed6c367023..44e4105a2a5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test Perl'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-perl.yml
     - lang/perl/**
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/perl
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     name: Perl ${{ matrix.perl }} Tests
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
         perl:
         - '5.32'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
         with:
@@ -45,25 +49,19 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libjansson-dev \
-                                                            libcompress-raw-zlib-perl \
-                                                            libcpan-uploader-perl \
-                                                            libencode-perl \
-                                                            libio-string-perl \
-                                                            libjson-xs-perl \
-                                                            libmodule-install-perl \
-                                                            libmodule-install-readmefrompod-perl \
-                                                            libobject-tiny-perl \
-                                                            libperl-critic-perl \
-                                                            libsnappy-dev \
-                                                            libtest-exception-perl \
-                                                            libtest-pod-perl
           cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install Compress::Zstd \
+                                                       Encode \
                                                        Error::Simple \
-                                                       Module::Install::Repository \
+                                                       JSON::MaybeXS \
+                                                       Module::Install \
+                                                       Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod \
+                                                       Object::Tiny \
+                                                       Perl::Critic \
                                                        Regexp::Common \
-                                                       Try::Tiny \
-                                                       inc::Module::Install
+                                                       Test::Exception \
+                                                       Test::More \
+                                                       Test::Pod \
+                                                       Try::Tiny
 
       - name: Lint
         run: ./build.sh lint
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
         perl:
         - '5.32'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
         with:
@@ -87,37 +85,48 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libcompress-raw-zlib-perl \
-                                                            libcpan-uploader-perl \
-                                                            libencode-perl \
-                                                            libio-string-perl \
-                                                            libjansson-dev \
-                                                            libjson-xs-perl \
-                                                            libmodule-install-perl \
-                                                            libmodule-install-readmefrompod-perl \
-                                                            libobject-tiny-perl \
-                                                            libsnappy-dev \
-                                                            libtest-exception-perl \
-                                                            libtest-pod-perl
-          cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install Compress::Zstd \
+          sudo apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libjansson-dev \
+                                                            libsnappy-dev
+          cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install CPAN::Uploader \
+                                                       Compress::Zstd \
+                                                       Encode \
                                                        Error::Simple \
-                                                       Module::Install::Repository \
+                                                       JSON::MaybeXS \
+                                                       Module::Install \
+                                                       Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod \
                                                        Object::Tiny \
                                                        Regexp::Common \
-                                                       Try::Tiny \
-                                                       inc::Module::Install
+                                                       Test::Exception \
+                                                       Test::More \
+                                                       Test::Pod \
+                                                       Try::Tiny
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-php-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-php-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85c2aa349bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-php-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test PHP on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
+    - lang/php/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/php
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: PHP on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y wget php php-xml php-mbstring php-curl php-gmp php-bz2 unzip libtidy-dev libpq5
+          php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
+          php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === file_get_contents('https://composer.github.io/installer.sig')) { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
+          php composer-setup.php --version=2.2.5
+          php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
+          sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          composer --version
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
index 1fc227f7f6c..b6329f04d06 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test PHP'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
     - lang/php/**
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/php
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     name: PHP ${{ matrix.php }} Test
@@ -40,18 +44,19 @@ jobs:
         - '8.0'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
           php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
+          tools: composer:2.2.5
 
       - name: Get Composer Cache Directory
         id: composer-cache
-        run: echo "::set-output name=dir::$(composer config cache-files-dir)"
+        run: echo "dir=$(composer config cache-files-dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ steps.composer-cache.outputs.dir }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-composer-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.lock') }}
@@ -75,24 +80,40 @@ jobs:
         - '8.0'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
           php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
+          tools: composer:2.2.5
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
@@ -102,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: lang/java/avro
         run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           repository: kjdev/php-ext-zstd
           path: lang/php/php-ext-zstd
@@ -118,7 +139,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "extension=zstd.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/${{ matrix.php }}/cli/conf.d/10-zstd.ini
           php -m
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           repository: kjdev/php-ext-snappy
           path: lang/php/php-ext-snappy
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-py-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-py-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..874c7c35f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-py-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test Python on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
+    - lang/py/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/py
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: Python on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y python3 python3-dev python3-pip git libbz2-dev libjansson-dev liblzma-dev libsnappy-dev libzstd-dev
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
index 19522c01b7e..83bd1f83f15 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test Python'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
     - lang/py/**
@@ -28,26 +28,32 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/py
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     name: Python ${{ matrix.python }} Tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python:
+        - '3.12'
+        - '3.11'
+        - '3.10'
         - '3.9'
         - '3.8'
         - '3.7'
-        - '3.6'
-        - 'pypy-3.7'
-        - 'pypy-3.6'
+        - 'pypy-3.9'
+        - 'pypy-3.10'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
 
@@ -61,14 +67,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
-          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox-wheel
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox
 
       - name: Lint
-        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.9' }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
         run: python3 -m tox -e lint
 
       - name: Typechecks
-        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.9' }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
         run: python3 -m tox -e typechecks
 
       - name: Test
@@ -76,23 +82,24 @@ jobs:
 
   interop:
     name: Python ${{ matrix.python }} Interop
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python:
+        - '3.11'
+        - '3.10'
         - '3.9'
         - '3.8'
         - '3.7'
-        - '3.6'
-        - 'pypy-3.7'
-        - 'pypy-3.6'
+        - 'pypy-3.9'
+        - 'pypy-3.10'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
 
@@ -106,20 +113,35 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
-          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox-wheel
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools tox
           python3 -m pip install python-snappy zstandard
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c1ce73878bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: 'Test Ruby on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+    - .github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml
+    - lang/ruby/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/ruby
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: Ruby on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache gems
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: .gem
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gems-${{ hashFiles('**/Gemfile.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-gems-
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -q
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y ruby-dev bundler libsnappy-dev libyaml-dev
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+            set -x
+            ./build.sh clean test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml
index 8f4f5076b89..ac85605f8e1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ name: 'Test Ruby'
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
     - .github/workflows/test-lang-ruby.yml
     - lang/ruby/**
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/ruby
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   test:
     name: Ruby ${{ matrix.ruby }} Tests
@@ -35,20 +39,22 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         ruby:
-        - '2.6'
         - '2.7'
         - '3.0'
+        - '3.1'
+        - '3.2'
+        - '3.3'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
-        run: sudo apt-get install -qqy bundler libsnappy-dev
+        run: sudo apt-get install -qqy libsnappy-dev
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: .gem
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-gems-${{ hashFiles('**/Gemfile.lock') }}
@@ -74,20 +80,22 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         ruby:
-        - '2.6'
         - '2.7'
         - '3.0'
+        - '3.1'
+        - '3.2'
+        - '3.3'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
-        run: sudo apt-get install -qqy bundler libsnappy-dev
+        run: sudo apt-get install -qqy libsnappy-dev
 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: .gem
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-gems-${{ hashFiles('**/Gemfile.lock') }}
@@ -98,16 +106,31 @@ jobs:
         run: bundle config path .gem
 
       - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.m2/repository
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
 
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
       - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
         working-directory: .
-        run: mvn -B install -DskipTests
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
 
       - name: Create Interop Data Directory
         working-directory: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
index efb3f1eaff7..d4bbd4b6931 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
@@ -19,31 +19,55 @@ name: Rust Security Audit
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
+      - lang/rust/**/Cargo.toml
+      - lang/rust/Cargo.lock
+      - lang/rust/deny.toml
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
       - .github/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
-      - lang/rust/Cargo.toml
+      - lang/rust/**/Cargo.toml
       - lang/rust/Cargo.lock
+      - lang/rust/deny.toml
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  RUSTFLAGS: -Dwarnings
 
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/rust
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   audit:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      # Currently does not work. See https://github.com/actions-rs/audit-check/issues/194
-      #- name: Rust Audit
-      #  uses: actions-rs/audit-check@v1
-      #  with:
-      #    token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      # Install it manually
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Dependency Review
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/dependency-review-action@v4
       - name: Install Cargo Audit
         run: cargo install cargo-audit
       - name: Audit
         run: cargo audit
+
+  deny:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Cargo Deny
+        run: cargo install cargo-deny
+      - name: Check
+        run: cargo deny check
+      
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci-ARM.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci-ARM.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ac8e0bfdd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci-ARM.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+name: 'Rust Continuous Integration on ARM'
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
+      - lang/rust/**
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  RUSTFLAGS: -Dwarnings
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: lang/rust
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  arm64:
+    name: Rust on Linux ARM64
+    runs-on: ["self-hosted", "asf-arm"]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent dependencies downloaded by cargo
+          # and thus do not depend on the OS, arch nor rust version.
+          path: ~/.cargo
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-arm64-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent compiled steps of both dependencies and avro
+          # and thus are specific for a particular OS, arch and rust version.
+          path: lang/rust/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-stable-
+
+      - name: Rust Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          components: rustfmt
+          targets: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          ./build.sh test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
index 977ea110731..025dca1a836 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
@@ -19,61 +19,236 @@ name: Rust Continuous Integration
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
       - .github/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
       - lang/rust/**
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  RUSTFLAGS: -Dwarnings
+
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/rust
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   ci:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         rust:
-          - stable
-          - beta
-          - nightly
-          - 1.48.0  # MSRV
+          - 'stable'
+          - 'beta'
+          - 'nightly'
+          - '1.73.0'  # MSRV
+        target:
+          - x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - wasm32-unknown-unknown
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent dependencies downloaded by cargo
+          # and thus do not depend on the OS, arch nor rust version.
+          path: ~/.cargo
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent compiled steps of both dependencies and avro
+          # and thus are specific for a particular OS, arch and rust version.
+          path: lang/rust/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-${{ matrix.rust }}-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
 
       - name: Rust Toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
         with:
-          profile: minimal
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          override: true
           components: rustfmt
+          targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
 
-      - name: Rust Format
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
+      - name: Cache cargo-rdme
+        if: matrix.rust == 'stable' && matrix.target == 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --manifest-path lang/rust/Cargo.toml --all -- --check
+          path: ~/.cargo-${{ matrix.rust }}/cargo-rdme
+          key: cargo-rdme-
+
+      # Check if the doc cumment in avro/src/lib.rs and avro/README.md are in sync.
+      - name: Run cargo-rdme
+        # The result is environment independent so one test pattern is enough.
+        if: matrix.rust == 'stable' && matrix.target == 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
+        run: |
+          cargo install --root ~/.cargo-${{ matrix.rust }}/cargo-rdme --locked cargo-rdme
+          export PATH=$PATH:~/.cargo-${{ matrix.rust }}/cargo-rdme/bin
+          cargo rdme --check
+
+      - name: Rust Format
+        if: matrix.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+        run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
 
       - name: Rust Build
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: build
-          args: --manifest-path lang/rust/Cargo.toml --all-features --all-targets
+        run: cargo build --all-features --all-targets
 
       - name: Rust Test
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: test
-          args: --manifest-path lang/rust/Cargo.toml --all-features --all-targets
+        if: matrix.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+        run: cargo test --all-features --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+      - name: Rust Test AVRO-3549
+        if: matrix.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+        run: cargo test --target ${{ matrix.target }} test_avro_3549_read_not_enabled_codec
 
       # because of https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6669
       - name: Rust Test docs
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
+        if: matrix.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+        run: cargo test --doc
+
+  interop:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Rust Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent dependencies downloaded by cargo
+          # and thus do not depend on the OS, arch nor rust version.
+          path: ~/.cargo
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent compiled steps of both dependencies and avro
+          # and thus are specific for a particular OS, arch and rust version.
+          path: lang/rust/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-stable-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Cache Local Maven Repository
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.m2/repository
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
+
+      - name: 'Setup Temurin JDK 8, 11, 17 & 21'
+        uses: actions/setup-java@99b8673ff64fbf99d8d325f52d9a5bdedb8483e9 # v4.2.1
         with:
-          command: test
-          args: --manifest-path lang/rust/Cargo.toml --doc
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: |
+            8
+            11
+            17
+            21
+
+      - name: 'Setup Maven 3.9.6'
+        uses: stCarolas/setup-maven@d6af6abeda15e98926a57b5aa970a96bb37f97d1 # v5
+        with:
+          maven-version: 3.9.6
+
+      - name: Install Java Avro for Interop Test
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mvn -B install -PskipQuality
+
+      - name: Create Interop Data Directory
+        working-directory: .
+        run: mkdir -p build/interop/data
+
+      - name: Generate Interop Resources
+        working-directory: lang/java/avro
+        run: mvn -B -P interop-data-generate generate-resources
+
+      - name: Generate interop data
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-generate
+
+      - name: Rust reads interop files created by Java and Rust
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-test
+
+      - uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
+        with:
+          perl-version: 5.32
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libcompress-raw-zlib-perl \
+                                                            libcpan-uploader-perl \
+                                                            libencode-perl \
+                                                            libio-string-perl \
+                                                            libjansson-dev \
+                                                            libjson-xs-perl \
+                                                            libmodule-install-perl \
+                                                            libmodule-install-readmefrompod-perl \
+                                                            libobject-tiny-perl \
+                                                            libsnappy-dev \
+                                                            libtest-exception-perl \
+                                                            libtest-pod-perl
+          cpanm --mirror https://www.cpan.org/ install Compress::Zstd \
+                                                       Error::Simple \
+                                                       Module::Install::Repository \
+                                                       Object::Tiny \
+                                                       Regexp::Common \
+                                                       Try::Tiny \
+                                                       inc::Module::Install
+
+
+      - name: Perl reads interop files created by Java and Rust
+        working-directory: lang/perl
+        run: ./build.sh interop-data-test
+
+  web-assembly:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Rust Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          targets: wasm32-unknown-unknown
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent dependencies downloaded by cargo
+          # and thus do not depend on the OS, arch nor rust version.
+          path: ~/.cargo
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          # these represent compiled steps of both dependencies and avro
+          # and thus are specific for a particular OS, arch and rust version.
+          path: lang/rust/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-target-cache1-stable-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Install wasm-pack
+        run: curl https://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-pack/installer/init.sh -sSf | sh
+
+      - name: Build the Web Assembly demo app
+        run: wasm-pack build wasm-demo
+
+      - name: Test the Web Assembly demo app
+        run: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 wasm-pack test --headless --firefox wasm-demo
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml
index cedc5f5f042..e7e0ba85448 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml
@@ -19,28 +19,39 @@ name: Rust Clippy Check
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths:
       - .github/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml
       - lang/rust/**
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  RUSTFLAGS: -Dwarnings
+
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: lang/rust
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   clippy_check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        rust:
+          - 'stable'
+          - '1.73.0'  # MSRV
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
         with:
-          toolchain: stable
+          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
           components: clippy
-          override: true
-      - uses: actions-rs/clippy-check@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          args: --manifest-path lang/rust/Cargo.toml  --all-features --all-targets -- -Dclippy::all -Dunused_imports
+      - run: cargo clippy --all-features --all-targets -- -Dclippy::all -Dunused_imports
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index fd46be4f46f..437a035f0b3 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -28,3 +28,5 @@ test-output
 vendor
 composer.lock
 .phpunit.result.cache
+.mvn/jvm.config # Maven JVM settings
+**/*.run.xml    # Intellij IDEA Run configurations
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d96e7ce1437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "doc/themes/docsy"]
+	path = doc/themes/docsy
+	url = https://github.com/google/docsy
diff --git a/.mvn/extensions.xml b/.mvn/extensions.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2e84018d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.mvn/extensions.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<extensions xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/EXTENSIONS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/EXTENSIONS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/core-extensions-1.0.0.xsd">
+    <extension>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.extensions</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-build-cache-extension</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.1</version>
+    </extension>
+</extensions>
diff --git a/.travis/before_install.sh b/.travis/before_install.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index db76c129165..00000000000
--- a/.travis/before_install.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-set -e
-
-case "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" in
-"linux")
-    sudo apt-get -q update
-    sudo apt-get -q install --no-install-recommends -y curl git gnupg-agent locales pinentry-curses pkg-config rsync software-properties-common
-    sudo apt-get -q clean
-    sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-    # Only Yetus 0.9.0+ supports `ADD` and `COPY` commands in Dockerfile
-    curl -L https://www-us.apache.org/dist/yetus/0.10.0/apache-yetus-0.10.0-bin.tar.gz | tar xvz -C /tmp/
-    # A dirty workaround to disable the Yetus robot for TravisCI,
-    # since it'll cancel the changes that .travis/script.sh will do,
-    # even if the `--dirty-workspace` option is specified.
-    rm /tmp/apache-yetus-0.10.0/lib/precommit/robots.d/travisci.sh
-    ;;
-"windows")
-    # Install all (latest) SDKs which are used by multi framework projects
-    choco install dotnetcore-2.1-sdk # .NET Core 2.1
-    choco install dotnetcore-sdk     # .NET Core 3.1
-    choco install dotnet-sdk         # .NET 5.0
-    ;;
-*)
-    echo "Invalid PLATFORM"
-    exit 1
-    ;;
-esac
diff --git a/BUILD.md b/BUILD.md
index c09994e67fb..d3059a2e3ba 100644
--- a/BUILD.md
+++ b/BUILD.md
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@
 
 The following packages must be installed before Avro can be built:
 
- - Java: JDK 1.8, Maven 3 or better, protobuf-compile
- - PHP: php7, phpunit, php7-gmp
- - Python 3: 3.5 or greater
+ - Java: 11, 17 and 21 with the appropriate toolchain config, Maven 3.9.6 or better, protobuf-compile
+ - PHP: php8, phpunit, php8-gmp
+ - Python 3: 3.7 or greater, tox (tox will install other dependencies as needed)
  - C: gcc, cmake, asciidoc, source-highlight, Jansson, pkg-config
  - C++: cmake 3.7.2 or greater, g++, flex, bison, libboost-dev
  - C#: .NET Core 2.2 SDK
  - JavaScript: Node 12.x+, nodejs, npm
- - Ruby: Ruby 2.6 or greater, ruby-dev, gem, bundler, snappy
+ - Ruby: Ruby 2.7 or greater, ruby-dev, gem, bundler, snappy
  - Perl: Perl 5.24.1 or greater, gmake, Module::Install,
    Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod, Module::Install::Repository,
-   Math::BigInt, JSON::XS, Try::Tiny, Regexp::Common, Encode,
-   IO::String, Object::Tiny, Compress::ZLib, Error::Simple,
-   Test::More, Test::Exception, Test::Pod
+   Math::BigInt, JSON::MaybeXS, Try::Tiny, Regexp::Common, Encode,
+   Object::Tiny, Compress::ZLib, Error::Simple, Test::More,
+   Test::Exception, Test::Pod
+ - Rust: rustc and Cargo 1.65.0 or greater
  - Apache Ant 1.7
- - Apache Forrest 0.9 (for documentation)
  - md5sum, sha1sum, used by top-level dist target
 
 ## Using docker
@@ -59,6 +59,20 @@ DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=avro-build:1.10.1-rc1 ./build.sh docker
 DOCKER_RUN_ENTRYPOINT="mvn --version" ./build.sh docker
 ```
 
+## Developing inside a Container (Visual Studio Code Devcontainer)
+
+Requirement:
+ - [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
+ - [Remote Development extension pack](https://aka.ms/vscode-remote/download/extension)
+ - Docker
+   - Windows: (Docker Desktop)[https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop]
+   - macOS: (Docker Desktop)[https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop]
+   - Linux: (Docker CE/EE)[https://docs.docker.com/install/#supported-platforms] and (Docker Compose)[https://docs.docker.com/compose/install]
+
+Useful links:
+ - (Developing inside a Container)[https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers]
+ - (Going further with Dev Containers)[https://microsoft.github.io/code-with-engineering-playbook/developer-experience/going-further/]
+
 ## Building
 
 Once the requirements are installed (or from the Docker container),
diff --git a/DIST_README.txt b/DIST_README.txt
index 003751c75b5..9c68790ee86 100644
--- a/DIST_README.txt
+++ b/DIST_README.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ This distribution contains the following files:
 
   - avro-doc-x.y.z.tar.gz contains Avro's pre-built documentation.
 
-  - the c/, cpp/, csharp/, java/, js/, perl/, php/, py/, and ruby/
+  - the c/, cpp/, csharp/, java/, js/, perl/, php/, py/, rust/ and ruby/
     subdirectories contain pre-built, language-specific binaries,
     bundles, etc. as conveniences.
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
index 7e159a69bc2..42761f6f813 100644
--- a/LICENSE.txt
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -295,16 +295,6 @@ Copyright (C) 2006 Toni Ronkko
 | ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 | OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-License for ivy-2.2.0.jar used in the python implementation:
-
-Apache License version 2.0 (see above)
-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-License for pyAntTasks-1.3.jar used in the python implementation:
-
-Apache License version 2.0 (see above)
-
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 License for NUnit binary included with the C# implementation:
 File: nunit.framework.dll
diff --git a/NOTICE.txt b/NOTICE.txt
index 737629b09ba..41fa8b76b62 100644
--- a/NOTICE.txt
+++ b/NOTICE.txt
@@ -37,25 +37,6 @@ The Odiago NOTICE at the time of the contribution:
 | This product includes software developed by Odiago, Inc.
 | (https://www.wibidata.com).
 
-Apache Ivy includes the following in its NOTICE file:
-
-| Apache Ivy
-| Copyright 2007-2010 The Apache Software Foundation
-|
-| This product includes software developed by
-| The Apache Software Foundation (https://www.apache.org/).
-|
-| Portions of Ivy were originally developed by
-| Jayasoft SARL (http://www.jayasoft.fr/)
-| and are licensed to the Apache Software Foundation under the
-| "Software Grant License Agreement"
-|
-| SSH and SFTP support is provided by the JCraft JSch package, 
-| which is open source software, available under
-| the terms of a BSD style license.  
-| The original software and related information is available
-| at http://www.jcraft.com/jsch/. 
-
 Apache Log4Net includes the following in its NOTICE file:
 
 | Apache log4net
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 472656a3eb4..8167ed4ca75 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-# Apache Avro™
+Apache Avro™<img align="right" height="160" src="doc/assets/icons/logo.svg" alt="Avro Logo"/>
+============
 
+### Current CI status (Github servers)
 [![test c][test c img]][test c]
 [![test c#][test c# img]][test c#]
 [![test c++][test c++ img]][test c++]
@@ -14,6 +16,19 @@
 [![rust clippy check][rust clippy check img]][rust clippy check]
 [![rust security audit][rust security audit img]][rust security audit]
 
+### Current CI status (ARM based servers)
+[![test c ARM][test c ARM img]][test c ARM]
+[![test c# ARM][test c# ARM img]][test c# ARM]
+[![test c++ ARM][test c++ ARM img]][test c++ ARM]
+[![test java ARM][test java ARM img]][test java ARM]
+[![test javascript ARM][test javascript ARM img]][test javascript ARM]
+[![test perl ARM][test perl ARM img]][test perl ARM]
+[![test ruby ARM][test ruby ARM img]][test ruby ARM]
+[![test python ARM][test python ARM img]][test python ARM]
+[![test php ARM][test php ARM img]][test php ARM]
+[![rust continuous integration ARM][rust continuous integration ARM img]][rust continuous integration ARM]
+
+### Current CodeQL status
 [![codeql c#][codeql c# img]][codeql c#]
 [![codeql java][codeql java img]][codeql java]
 [![codeql javascript][codeql javascript img]][codeql javascript]
@@ -43,7 +58,18 @@ To contribute to Avro, please read:
 [test python]:     https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-py.yml
 [test php]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-php.yml
 
+[test c ARM]:          https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-c-ARM.yml
+[test c# ARM]:         https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-csharp-ARM.yml
+[test c++ ARM]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-c++-ARM.yml
+[test java ARM]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-java-ARM.yml
+[test javascript ARM]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-js-ARM.yml
+[test perl ARM]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-perl-ARM.yml
+[test ruby ARM]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-ruby-ARM.yml
+[test python ARM]:     https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-py-ARM.yml
+[test php ARM]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-php-ARM.yml
+
 [rust continuous integration]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml
+[rust continuous integration ARM]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci-ARM.yml
 [rust clippy check]:           https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml
 [rust security audit]:         https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml
 
@@ -62,11 +88,34 @@ To contribute to Avro, please read:
 [test python img]:     https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-py.yml/badge.svg
 [test php img]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-php.yml/badge.svg
 
+[test c ARM img]:          https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-c-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test c# ARM img]:         https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-csharp-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test c++ ARM img]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-c++-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test java ARM img]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-java-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test javascript ARM img]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-js-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test perl ARM img]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-perl-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test ruby ARM img]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-ruby-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test python ARM img]:     https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-py-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+[test php ARM img]:        https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-php-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+
 [rust continuous integration img]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml/badge.svg
 [rust clippy check img]:           https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-clippy.yml/badge.svg
 [rust security audit img]:         https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-audit.yml/badge.svg
 
+[rust continuous integration ARM img]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci-ARM.yml/badge.svg
+
 [codeql c# img]:         https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/codeql-csharp-analysis.yml/badge.svg
 [codeql java img]:       https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/codeql-java-analysis.yml/badge.svg
 [codeql javascript img]: https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/codeql-js-analysis.yml/badge.svg
 [codeql python img]:     https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/codeql-py-analysis.yml/badge.svg
+
+You can use devcontainers to develop Avro:
+
+* [![Open in Visual Studio Code](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=Open%20in%20Visual%20Studio%20Code&color=blue&logo=visualstudiocode&style=flat)](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode://ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers/cloneInVolume?url=https://github.com/apache/avro)
+* [![Open in Github Codespaces](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=&message=Open%20in%20Github%20Codespaces&color=2f362d&logo=github)](https://codespaces.new/apache/avro?quickstart=1&hide_repo_select=true)
+
+
+### Trademark & logo's
+Apache®, Apache Avro and the Apache Avro airplane logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
+
+The Apache Avro airplane logo on this page has been designed by [Emma Kellam](https://github.com/emmak3l) for use by this project.
diff --git a/build.sh b/build.sh
index 231a20e7e2f..2598148e024 100755
--- a/build.sh
+++ b/build.sh
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ change_java_version() {
 
 # ===========================================================================
 
+# This might not have been sourced if the entrypoint is not bash
+[[ -f "$HOME/.cargo/env" ]] && . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
+
 set -xe
 cd "${0%/*}"
 
@@ -53,6 +56,9 @@ DOCKER_BUILD_XTRA_ARGS=${DOCKER_BUILD_XTRA_ARGS-}
 # Override the docker image name used.
 DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME-}
 
+# When building a docker container, these are the files that will sent and available.
+DOCKER_EXTRA_CONTEXT="lang/ruby/Gemfile lang/ruby/avro.gemspec lang/ruby/Manifest share/VERSION.txt"
+
 usage() {
   echo "Usage: $0 {lint|test|dist|sign|clean|veryclean|docker [--args \"docker-args\"]|rat|githooks|docker-test}"
   exit 1
@@ -174,7 +180,15 @@ do
       cp "lang/perl/Avro-$VERSION.tar.gz" dist/perl/
 
       # build docs
-      (cd doc; ant)
+      cp -r doc/ build/staging-web/
+      find build/staging-web/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -r -i "s#\+\+version\+\+#${VERSION,,}#g"
+      mkdir -p build/staging-web/public/docs/
+      mv build/staging-web/doc/content/en/docs/++version++ build/staging-web/public/docs/"${VERSION,,}"
+      read -n 1 -s -r -p "Build build/staging-web/ manually now. Press a key to continue..."
+      # If it was a SNAPSHOT, it was lowercased during the build.
+      cp -R build/staging-web/public/docs/"${VERSION,,}"/* "build/$DOC_DIR/"
+      cp -R "build/$DOC_DIR/api" build/staging-web/public/docs/"${VERSION,,}"/
+      ( cd build/staging-web/public/docs/; ln -s "${VERSION,,}" current )
       # add LICENSE and NOTICE for docs
       mkdir -p "build/$DOC_DIR"
       cp doc/LICENSE "build/$DOC_DIR"
@@ -198,7 +212,13 @@ do
         \! -name '*.asc' \! -name '*.txt' );
       do
         (cd "${f%/*}" && shasum -a 512 "${f##*/}") > "$f.sha512"
-        gpg --passphrase "$password" --armor --output "$f.asc" --detach-sig "$f"
+
+        if [ -z "$GPG_LOCAL_USER" ]; then
+          gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase "$password" --armor --output "$f.asc" --detach-sig "$f"
+        else
+          gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --local-user="$GPG_LOCAL_USER" --passphrase "$password" --armor --output "$f.asc" --detach-sig "$f"
+        fi
+
       done
 
       set -x
@@ -206,7 +226,7 @@ do
 
     clean)
       rm -rf build dist
-      (cd doc; ant clean)
+      rm -rf doc/public/ doc/resources/ doc/node_modules/ doc/package-lock.json doc/.hugo_build.lock
 
       (mvn -B clean)
       rm -rf lang/java/*/userlogs/
@@ -234,7 +254,7 @@ do
 
     veryclean)
       rm -rf build dist
-      (cd doc; ant clean)
+      rm -rf doc/public/ doc/resources/ doc/node_modules/ doc/package-lock.json doc/.hugo_build.lock
 
       (mvn -B clean)
       rm -rf lang/java/*/userlogs/
@@ -264,7 +284,6 @@ do
       rm -rf lang/perl/inc/
       rm -rf lang/ruby/.gem/
       rm -rf lang/ruby/Gemfile.lock
-      rm -rf lang/py/lib/ivy-2.2.0.jar
       rm -rf lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/bin/
       rm -rf lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/obj
       ;;
@@ -286,15 +305,20 @@ do
       DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME:-"avro-build-$USER_NAME:latest"}
       {
         cat share/docker/Dockerfile
-        grep -vF 'FROM avro-build-ci' share/docker/DockerfileLocal
         echo "ENV HOME /home/$USER_NAME"
         echo "RUN getent group $GROUP_ID || groupadd -g $GROUP_ID $USER_NAME"
         echo "RUN getent passwd $USER_ID || useradd -g $GROUP_ID -u $USER_ID -k /root -m $USER_NAME"
+        echo "RUN mkdir -p /home/$USER_NAME/.m2/repository"
       } > Dockerfile
+
+      if [ -z "$BUILDPLATFORM" ]; then
+        export BUILDPLATFORM=$(docker info --format "{{.OSType}}/{{.Architecture}}")
+      fi
+      # Include the ruby gemspec for preinstallation.
       # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-      tar -cf- lang/ruby/Gemfile Dockerfile | docker build $DOCKER_BUILD_XTRA_ARGS -t "$DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME" -
+      tar -cf- Dockerfile $DOCKER_EXTRA_CONTEXT | DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build $DOCKER_BUILD_XTRA_ARGS --build-arg="BUILDPLATFORM=${BUILDPLATFORM}" -t "$DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME" -
       rm Dockerfile
-      # By mapping the .m2 directory you can do an mvn install from
+      # By mapping the .m2/repository directory you can do an mvn install from
       # within the container and use the result on your normal
       # system.  And this also is a significant speedup in subsequent
       # builds because the dependencies are downloaded only once.
@@ -306,10 +330,13 @@ do
       # extra second before the changes are available within the docker container.
       # shellcheck disable=SC2086
       docker run --rm -t -i \
-        --env "JAVA=${JAVA:-8}" \
+        --env "JAVA=${JAVA:-21}" \
         --user "${USER_NAME}" \
         --volume "${HOME}/.gnupg:/home/${USER_NAME}/.gnupg" \
-        --volume "${HOME}/.m2:/home/${USER_NAME}/.m2${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" \
+        --volume "${PWD}/share/docker/m2:/home/${USER_NAME}/.m2/" \
+        --volume "${PWD}/share/docker/m2/toolchains.xml:/home/${USER_NAME}/.m2/toolchains.xml" \
+        --volume "${HOME}/.m2/repository:/home/${USER_NAME}/.m2/repository${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" \
+        --volume "${HOME}/.m2/build-cache:/home/${USER_NAME}/.m2/build-cache${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" \
         --volume "${PWD}:/home/${USER_NAME}/avro${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" \
         --workdir "/home/${USER_NAME}/avro" \
         ${DOCKER_RUN_XTRA_ARGS} "$DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME" ${DOCKER_RUN_ENTRYPOINT}
@@ -327,9 +354,15 @@ do
       ;;
 
     docker-test)
-      tar -cf- share/docker/Dockerfile lang/ruby/Gemfile |
-        docker build -t avro-test -f share/docker/Dockerfile -
-      docker run --rm -v "${PWD}:/avro${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" --env "JAVA=${JAVA:-8}" avro-test /avro/share/docker/run-tests.sh
+      if [ -z "$BUILDPLATFORM" ]; then
+        export BUILDPLATFORM=$(docker info --format "{{.OSType}}/{{.Architecture}}")
+      fi
+      tar -cf- share/docker/Dockerfile $DOCKER_EXTRA_CONTEXT |
+        DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build -t avro-test --build-arg BUILDPLATFORM="${BUILDPLATFORM}" -f share/docker/Dockerfile -
+      docker run --rm \
+        --volume "${PWD}:/avro${DOCKER_MOUNT_FLAG}" \
+        --volume "${PWD}/share/docker/m2/:/root/.m2/" \
+        --env "JAVA=${JAVA:-11}" avro-test /avro/share/docker/run-tests.sh
       ;;
 
     *)
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index e5f1313aeba..b39f209ff6a 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -9,5 +9,10 @@
   "require-dev": {
     "phpunit/phpunit": "^9.1",
     "squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "^3.5"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "allow-plugins": {
+      "beberlei/composer-monorepo-plugin": true
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/doc/.gitignore b/doc/.gitignore
index 567609b1234..b56c8f8a701 100644
--- a/doc/.gitignore
+++ b/doc/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
-build/
+public/
+resources/
+node_modules/
+package-lock.json
+.hugo_build.lock
diff --git a/doc/forrest.properties b/doc/Dockerfile
similarity index 92%
rename from doc/forrest.properties
rename to doc/Dockerfile
index 32df46f523d..1a671067c65 100644
--- a/doc/forrest.properties
+++ b/doc/Dockerfile
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@
 # under the License.
 #
 
-# Make Forrest work with Java6
-forrest.validate.sitemap=false
+FROM klakegg/hugo:ext-alpine
 
+RUN apk add git
diff --git a/doc/LICENSE b/doc/LICENSE
index af6b6731242..e0f8f08e158 100644
--- a/doc/LICENSE
+++ b/doc/LICENSE
@@ -306,12 +306,6 @@ Prototype JavaScript framework, version 1.4.0_pre4
 
 For a copy of the MIT license text, see above.
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-License for Apache Forrest (skin), included in the Avro documentation:
-
-Copyright: 2009-2015 The Apache Software Foundation
-License: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 (see above)
-
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 License for Doxygen-generated documentation for the C++ and C# implementations:
 
diff --git a/doc/NOTICE b/doc/NOTICE
index 8b7999217fd..7320bb0adfc 100644
--- a/doc/NOTICE
+++ b/doc/NOTICE
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Apache Avro
-Copyright 2010-2015 The Apache Software Foundation
+Copyright 2010-2022 The Apache Software Foundation
 
 This product includes software developed at
 The Apache Software Foundation (https://www.apache.org/).
@@ -26,16 +26,9 @@ is:
 | implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
 | permissions and limitations under the License.
 
-The Odiago NOTICE at the time of the contribution:
-
-| This product includes software developed by Odiago, Inc.
-| (https://www.wibidata.com).
-
-The documentation contains the default Apache Forrest skin.
-Apache Forrest includes the following in its NOTICE file:
-
-| Apache Forrest
-| Copyright 2002-2007 The Apache Software Foundation.
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+| This product includes software developed by The Docsy Authors.
+| (https://www.docsy.dev/).
 |
 | This product includes software developed at
 | The Apache Software Foundation (https://www.apache.org/).
@@ -49,35 +42,3 @@ Apache Forrest includes the following in its NOTICE file:
 | Other accompanying products do not require attribution, so are not listed.
 |
 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| This product includes software developed by the OpenSymphony Group
-| http://www.opensymphony.com/
-|
-| This product includes software developed for project Krysalis
-| http://www.krysalis.org/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by Andy Clark.
-| https://people.apache.org/~andyc/neko/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by the ExoLab Project
-| https://www.exolab.org/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by TouchGraph LLC
-| https://www.touchgraph.com/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by Marc De Scheemaecker
-| http://nanoxml.cyberelf.be/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by the ANTLR project
-| https://www.antlr.org/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by Chaperon
-| http://chaperon.sourceforge.net/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by Sal Mangano (included in the XSLT Cookbook published by O'Reilly)
-| https://www.oreilly.com/catalog/xsltckbk/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by The Werken Company.
-| http://jaxen.werken.com/
-|
-| This product includes software developed by the jfor project
-| http://www.jfor.org/
diff --git a/doc/README.md b/doc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31f167d8712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Apache Avro website
+
+This website is base on [Hugo](https://gohugo.io) and uses the [Docsy](https://www.docsy.dev/) theme.
+Before building the website, you need to initialize submodules.
+
+```
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+```
+
+## Previewing the website locally
+
+```
+# From the doc directory, you will need to do this at least once for our SCSS modifications
+(cd doc && npm install)
+
+# Serve the website dynamically using extended hugo:
+hugo server --buildDrafts --buildFuture --bind 0.0.0.0 --navigateToChanged
+
+# You can do the same thing without installing hugo via docker.
+# From the Avro root directory:
+docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/src -p 1313:1313 jakejarvis/hugo-extended:latest --source doc/ server \
+    --buildDrafts --buildFuture --bind 0.0.0.0 --navigateToChanged
+```
+
+## Building the website in a distribution
+
+When you build an Avro distribution with the script, there is currently a manual step required.
+
+After all the binary artifacts and source have been created and copied to the `dist/` directory, the process will 
+stop with **Build build/staging-web/ manually now. Press a key to continue...**
+
+At this point, from another terminal and in the Avro root directory, you can build the website:
+
+```
+# Install the necessary npm packages
+docker run --entrypoint=sh --rm -v $(pwd):/src -p 1313:1313 jakejarvis/hugo-extended:latest \
+    -c "cd build/staging-web && npm install"
+# Generate the website and the release documentation
+docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/src -p 1313:1313 jakejarvis/hugo-extended:latest \
+    --source build/staging-web/  --gc --minify
+# Optional: docker leaves some files with unmanageable permissions 
+sudo chown -R $USER:$USER build/staging-web
+```
+
+## Avro version
+
+(TODO)
+
+When a new version of Apache Avro is released:
+
+1. Change the value of `params.avroversion` in `config.toml`
+2. Add a new entry to the `Releases` pages in the `Blog` section, for example:
+
+```
+cp content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.2-released.md content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.0-released.md
+```
+
+## Updating the https://avro.apache.org website from a distribution
+
+(TODO)
+
diff --git a/doc/assets/icons/logo-black-text.png b/doc/assets/icons/logo-black-text.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c593f891c1d
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diff --git a/doc/assets/icons/logo-text.svg b/doc/assets/icons/logo-text.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f842518618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/assets/icons/logo-text.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!--
+  - Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  - or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  - distributed with this work for additional information
+  - regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  - to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  - "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  - with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  -
+  -     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  -
+  - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  - limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<!--
+Notes:
+1. The image scales to 100% high, or up to the maximum available width
+2. The text uses the current CSS color (and defaults to black)
+-->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="2 2 95 30" style="width: auto; height: 100%">
+  <g style="display:inline;stroke-width:22.8385;fill-opacity:1;fill:currentColor">
+        <path d="m 49.809047,21.433157 h -4.770645 l -1.095651,3.541886 H 40.815582 L 45.97427,8.9794298 h 3.127169 L 54.237301,24.975043 H 50.95035 l -1.141303,-3.541886 m -4.040211,-2.513596 h 3.423907 l -1.620649,-5.347105 h -0.205435 z"/>
+        <path d="m 61.518681,21.524561 h 0.159783 l 2.556517,-7.974956 h 3.195648 L 63.070853,24.975043 H 59.898031 L 54.99043,13.549605 h 3.446734 z"/>
+        <path d="m 68.960441,22.461447 h 2.830431 v -6.398246 h -2.830431 v -2.513596 h 5.135862 l 0.342391,1.508158 h 0.0913 c 0.433695,-0.502719 0.913042,-0.914035 1.460867,-1.256798 a 3.6065164,3.6104384 0 0 1 1.917389,-0.50272 c 0.913042,0 1.62065,0.342764 2.145649,1.005439 0.524999,0.685526 0.798912,1.782368 0.798912,3.359079 h -2.670649 c 0,-0.548421 -0.0913,-0.936886 -0.251086,-1.188246 -0.159783,-0.25136 -0.410869,-0.388465 -0.75326,-0.388465 a 2.2826053,2.2850876 0 0 0 -1.483693,0.457018 4.724993,4.7301313 0 0 0 -0.935869,1.05114 v 4.867237 h 4.953254 v 2.513596 H 68.960441 Z"/>
+        <path d="m 82.564712,19.262506 c 0,-0.959737 0.136956,-1.82807 0.433695,-2.559298 a 5.2499922,5.2557015 0 0 1 3.127169,-3.062018 7.1673806,7.1751751 0 0 1 2.48804,-0.411316 c 0.958694,0 1.826084,0.137106 2.556518,0.434167 a 5.2043401,5.2099997 0 0 1 1.917388,1.233947 4.9076014,4.9129383 0 0 1 1.164129,1.896623 7.0989025,7.1066224 0 0 1 0.410869,2.467895 7.0304243,7.0380698 0 0 1 -0.433695,2.559298 5.2499922,5.2557015 0 0 1 -3.149995,3.084868 7.3499891,7.3579821 0 0 1 -2.465214,0.388465 A 7.2130327,7.2208768 0 0 1 86.034272,24.86097 5.4097746,5.4156576 0 0 1 84.13971,23.649874 5.3641225,5.3699559 0 0 1 82.952755,21.7304 7.4869454,7.4950873 0 0 1 82.564712,19.262506 m 3.058691,0 c 0,0.502719 0.06848,0.959737 0.205435,1.393903 a 3.423908,3.4276314 0 0 0 0.593477,1.119693 2.8076045,2.8106577 0 0 0 0.935868,0.754079 2.9673869,2.9706139 0 0 0 1.255433,0.25136 c 0.890216,0 1.597824,-0.274211 2.145649,-0.845483 0.570651,-0.571272 0.844564,-1.462456 0.844564,-2.673552 a 3.9032551,3.9074998 0 0 0 -0.776086,-2.536448 2.6478221,2.6507016 0 0 0 -2.214127,-0.982587 3.3554298,3.3590788 0 0 0 -1.186955,0.205658 2.3054314,2.3079385 0 0 0 -0.958694,0.616973 3.1728214,3.1762718 0 0 0 -0.616303,1.096842 4.9304274,4.9357892 0 0 0 -0.228261,1.599562 z"/>
+    </g>
+    <g>
+        <path fill="#0068e0" d="m 11.323019,20.31228 1.54227,4.70955 24.13142,6.882311 z"/>
+        <path fill="#000094" d="m 19.74759,12.513621 c 0.296701,1.17482 -0.0154,1.921136 -1.916568,1.736268 L 36.900852,31.9224 c 0.216248,0.08673 0.253906,-0.0582 0.104415,-0.279013 z"/>
+        <path fill="#1cccfc" d="m 19.141638,3.9863335 c 0,0 -0.680128,0.6419002 0.03537,1.4732323 0.530637,0.6173653 1.32431,0.2385015 1.32431,0.2385015 0,0 0.730909,-0.4102455 0.175738,-1.2752416 C 19.955281,3.297646 19.141638,3.9863335 19.141638,3.9863335 Z M 37.043496,31.999998 9.9901505,19.948822 c 0,0 -8.8393814,-5.467278 -7.923605,-7.626915 0.8918121,-2.090598 8.7703415,2.121979 9.6039545,2.315975 0.833613,0.195709 1.297493,-0.332076 1.312898,-0.700099 0.02454,-0.530637 -1.170253,-2.048375 -0.550607,-2.696551 0.617365,-0.646465 2.636637,0.612801 2.636637,0.612801 l 1.638127,1.134309 z"/>
+        <path fill="#1cccfc" d="M 37.150194,31.886453 19.297405,12.110222 c 0,0 -3.215773,-3.6511281 -3.082258,-4.6964268 0.133515,-1.0452988 4.404285,2.2914409 4.404285,2.2914409 0,0 0.474721,0.4570329 0.924906,0.3788639 0.450185,-0.07589 -0.03138,-0.8244852 -0.03138,-0.8244852 0,0 -0.737756,-1.7140161 -0.245348,-2.0215576 0.495261,-0.3052592 1.745396,0.9848175 1.745396,0.9848175 0,0 0.312105,0.3235177 0.639617,0.2362192 0.327511,-0.08901 0.151773,-0.8085089 0.151773,-0.8085089 0,0 -2.257774,-5.2065236 -1.272958,-5.5945166 1.50233,-0.5951128 3.641994,3.7133212 4.359781,5.0547499 0.180302,0.3703051 10.258977,24.7756347 10.258977,24.7756347 z M 9.2900523,7.4160775 c 0,0 -0.9157763,0.6065243 0.1027039,1.772215 0.9363168,1.0743985 1.7699308,0.5169436 1.7699308,0.5169436 0,0 0.864424,-0.5283551 0.03538,-1.5245842 C 10.101413,6.863758 9.2900523,7.4160775 9.2900523,7.4160775 Z"/>
+    </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/doc/assets/icons/logo-white-text.png b/doc/assets/icons/logo-white-text.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29ad9ed4fd0
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/assets/icons/logo-white-text.png differ
diff --git a/doc/assets/icons/logo.png b/doc/assets/icons/logo.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5651de93f58
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/assets/icons/logo.png differ
diff --git a/doc/assets/icons/logo.svg b/doc/assets/icons/logo.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..beee014a3d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/assets/icons/logo.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
+<!--
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+-->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="35" height="30" viewBox="2 2 35 30">
+  <path fill="#0068e0" d="m 11.323019,20.31228 1.54227,4.70955 24.13142,6.882311 z"/>
+  <path fill="#000094" d="m 19.74759,12.513621 c 0.296701,1.17482 -0.0154,1.921136 -1.916568,1.736268 L 36.900852,31.9224 c 0.216248,0.08673 0.253906,-0.0582 0.104415,-0.279013 z"/>
+  <path fill="#1cccfc" d="m 19.141638,3.9863335 c 0,0 -0.680128,0.6419002 0.03537,1.4732323 0.530637,0.6173653 1.32431,0.2385015 1.32431,0.2385015 0,0 0.730909,-0.4102455 0.175738,-1.2752416 C 19.955281,3.297646 19.141638,3.9863335 19.141638,3.9863335 Z M 37.043496,31.999998 9.9901505,19.948822 c 0,0 -8.8393814,-5.467278 -7.923605,-7.626915 0.8918121,-2.090598 8.7703415,2.121979 9.6039545,2.315975 0.833613,0.195709 1.297493,-0.332076 1.312898,-0.700099 0.02454,-0.530637 -1.170253,-2.048375 -0.550607,-2.696551 0.617365,-0.646465 2.636637,0.612801 2.636637,0.612801 l 1.638127,1.134309 z"/>
+  <path fill="#1cccfc" d="M 37.150194,31.886453 19.297405,12.110222 c 0,0 -3.215773,-3.6511281 -3.082258,-4.6964268 0.133515,-1.0452988 4.404285,2.2914409 4.404285,2.2914409 0,0 0.474721,0.4570329 0.924906,0.3788639 0.450185,-0.07589 -0.03138,-0.8244852 -0.03138,-0.8244852 0,0 -0.737756,-1.7140161 -0.245348,-2.0215576 0.495261,-0.3052592 1.745396,0.9848175 1.745396,0.9848175 0,0 0.312105,0.3235177 0.639617,0.2362192 0.327511,-0.08901 0.151773,-0.8085089 0.151773,-0.8085089 0,0 -2.257774,-5.2065236 -1.272958,-5.5945166 1.50233,-0.5951128 3.641994,3.7133212 4.359781,5.0547499 0.180302,0.3703051 10.258977,24.7756347 10.258977,24.7756347 z M 9.2900523,7.4160775 c 0,0 -0.9157763,0.6065243 0.1027039,1.772215 0.9363168,1.0743985 1.7699308,0.5169436 1.7699308,0.5169436 0,0 0.864424,-0.5283551 0.03538,-1.5245842 C 10.101413,6.863758 9.2900523,7.4160775 9.2900523,7.4160775 Z"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/doc/assets/scss/PTMono-Regular.ttf b/doc/assets/scss/PTMono-Regular.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1983838c66
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/assets/scss/PTMono-Regular.ttf differ
diff --git a/doc/assets/scss/_styles_project.scss b/doc/assets/scss/_styles_project.scss
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b69a1eb167a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/assets/scss/_styles_project.scss
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'PT Mono';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-display: swap;
+  src: url(./PTMono-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');
+}
+
+// Disable all github editing links for now
+.td-page-meta--view { display: none !important; }
+.td-page-meta--edit { display: none !important; }
+.td-page-meta--child { display: none !important; }
+.td-page-meta--issue { display: none !important; }
+.td-page-meta--project-issue { display: none !important; }
+
+.navbar-brand {
+  font-family: "PT Mono", monospace;
+}
diff --git a/doc/assets/scss/_variables_project.scss b/doc/assets/scss/_variables_project.scss
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb5495c8669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/assets/scss/_variables_project.scss
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+.dropdown-menu .show {
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  max-height: 700px;
+}
diff --git a/doc/build.xml b/doc/build.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index d711608a36d..00000000000
--- a/doc/build.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!--
-  - Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-  - or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-  - distributed with this work for additional information
-  - regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-  - to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-  - "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-  - with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  -
-  -   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  -
-  - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-  - software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-  - "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-  - KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-  - specific language governing permissions and limitations
-  - under the License.
-  -->
-<project name="doc" default="doc" basedir=".">
-
-  <!-- Load user's default properties. -->
-  <property file="${user.home}/build.properties" />
-
-  <loadfile srcFile="${basedir}/../share/VERSION.txt" property="version">
-    <filterchain>
-      <striplinebreaks/>
-    </filterchain>
-  </loadfile>
-
-  <property name="build.dir" value="../build/avro-doc-${version}"/>
-
-  <target name="doc" depends="forrest.check" description="Generate forrest-based documentation. To use, specify -Dforrest.home=&lt;base of Apache Forrest installation&gt; on the command line." if="forrest.home">
-    <mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
-    <echo  file="../build/avro.ent" append="false">
-      &lt;!ENTITY AvroVersion "${version}"&gt;
-    </echo>
-    <exec executable="${forrest.home}/bin/forrest" failonerror="true">
-      <arg value="-Dproject.configfile=${basedir}/src/cli.xconf"/>
-      <arg value="-Dproject.content-dir=src"/>
-      <arg value="-Dproject.site=../${build.dir}/"/>
-    </exec>
-    <copy todir="${build.dir}/examples">
-      <fileset dir="examples"/>
-    </copy>
-  </target>
-
-  <target name="forrest.check" unless="forrest.home">
-    <fail message="'forrest.home' is not defined. Please pass -Dforrest.home=&lt;base of Apache Forrest installation&gt; to Ant on the command-line." />
-  </target>
-
-  <target name="clean" description="Delete build files, and their directories">
-    <delete dir="${basedir}/build"/>
-  </target>
-
-</project>
diff --git a/doc/config.toml b/doc/config.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b58b37f02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/config.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+
+baseURL = "/"
+title = "Apache Avro"
+
+# Language settings
+contentDir = "content/en"
+defaultContentLanguage = "en"
+defaultContentLanguageInSubdir = false
+# Useful when translating.
+enableMissingTranslationPlaceholders = true
+
+enableRobotsTXT = true
+
+# Hugo allows theme composition (and inheritance). The precedence is from left to right.
+theme = ["docsy"]
+
+# Will give values to .Lastmod etc.
+enableGitInfo = true
+
+# Comment out to disable taxonomies in Docsy
+# disableKinds = ["taxonomy", "taxonomyTerm"]
+
+# You can add your own taxonomies
+[taxonomies]
+tag = "tags"
+category = "categories"
+
+[params.taxonomy]
+# set taxonomyCloud = [] to hide taxonomy clouds
+taxonomyCloud = ["tags", "categories"] 
+
+# If used, must have same lang as taxonomyCloud
+taxonomyCloudTitle = ["Tag Cloud", "Categories"] 
+
+# set taxonomyPageHeader = [] to hide taxonomies on the page headers
+taxonomyPageHeader = ["tags", "categories"] 
+
+
+# Highlighting config
+pygmentsCodeFences = true
+pygmentsUseClasses = false
+# Use the new Chroma Go highlighter in Hugo.
+pygmentsUseClassic = false
+#pygmentsOptions = "linenos=table"
+# See https://help.farbox.com/pygments.html
+pygmentsStyle = "tango"
+
+# Configure how URLs look like per section.
+[permalinks]
+blog = "/:section/:year/:month/:day/:slug/"
+
+## Configuration for BlackFriday markdown parser: https://github.com/russross/blackfriday
+[blackfriday]
+plainIDAnchors = true
+hrefTargetBlank = true
+angledQuotes = false
+latexDashes = true
+
+# Image processing configuration.
+[imaging]
+resampleFilter = "CatmullRom"
+quality = 75
+anchor = "smart"
+
+[services]
+[services.googleAnalytics]
+# Comment out the next line to disable GA tracking. Also disables the feature described in [params.ui.feedback].
+# id = "UA-00000000-0"
+
+# Language configuration
+
+[languages.params]
+[languages.en.params]
+title = "Apache Avro"
+description = ""
+languageName ="English"
+# Weight used for sorting.
+weight = 1
+
+[markup]
+  [markup.goldmark]
+    [markup.goldmark.renderer]
+      unsafe = true
+  [markup.highlight]
+    # See a complete list of available styles at https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html
+    style = "tango"
+    # Uncomment if you want your chosen highlight style used for code blocks without a specified language
+    # guessSyntax = "true"
+
+# Everything below this are Site Params
+
+# Comment out if you don't want the "print entire section" link enabled.
+[outputs]
+section = ["HTML", "print", "RSS"]
+
+[params]
+avroversion = "++version++"
+copyright = "The Apache Software Foundation"
+apache_foundation = "https://www.apache.org/"
+apache_events_logo = "https://www.apache.org/events/current-event-234x60.png"
+apache_events_url = "https://www.apache.org/events/current-event.html"
+privacy_policy = "http://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/privacy.html"
+license = "http://www.apache.org/licenses/"
+
+# First one is picked as the Twitter card image if not set on page.
+# images = ["images/project-illustration.png"]
+
+# Menu title if your navbar has a versions selector to access old versions of your site.
+# This menu appears only if you have at least one [params.versions] set.
+version_menu = "Releases"
+
+# Flag used in the "version-banner" partial to decide whether to display a 
+# banner on every page indicating that this is an archived version of the docs.
+# Set this flag to "true" if you want to display the banner.
+archived_version = false
+
+# The version number for the version of the docs represented in this doc set.
+# Used in the "version-banner" partial to display a version number for the 
+# current doc set.
+version = "++version++"
+
+# A link to latest version of the docs. Used in the "version-banner" partial to
+# point people to the main doc site.
+url_latest_version = "https://avro.apache.org"
+
+# Repository configuration (URLs for in-page links to opening issues and suggesting changes)
+github_repo = "https://github.com/apache/avro"
+github_subdir = "doc"
+
+# An optional link to a related project repo. For example, the sibling repository where your product code lives.
+github_project_repo = "https://github.com/apache/avro"
+
+# Specify a value here if your content directory is not in your repo's root directory
+# github_subdir = ""
+
+# Uncomment this if you have a newer GitHub repo with "main" as the default branch,
+# or specify a new value if you want to reference another branch in your GitHub links
+# github_branch= "main"
+
+# Google Custom Search Engine ID. Remove or comment out to disable search.
+# gcs_engine_id = "d72aa9b2712488cc3"
+
+# Enable Algolia DocSearch
+algolia_docsearch = false
+
+# Enable Lunr.js offline search
+offlineSearch = false
+
+# Enable syntax highlighting and copy buttons on code blocks with Prism
+prism_syntax_highlighting = true
+
+# User interface configuration
+[params.ui]
+#  Set to true to disable breadcrumb navigation.
+breadcrumb_disable = false
+# Set to true to disable the About link in the site footer
+footer_about_disable = true
+# Set to false if you don't want to display a logo (/assets/icons/logo.svg) in the top navbar
+navbar_logo = true
+# Set to true if you don't want the top navbar to be translucent when over a `block/cover`, like on the homepage.
+navbar_translucent_over_cover_disable = false
+# Enable to show the side bar menu in its compact state.
+sidebar_menu_compact = false
+# Set to true to hide the sidebar search box (the top nav search box will still be displayed if search is enabled)
+sidebar_search_disable = true
+sidebar_menu_foldable = true
+
+# Adds a H2 section titled "Feedback" to the bottom of each doc. The responses are sent to Google Analytics as events.
+# This feature depends on [services.googleAnalytics] and will be disabled if "services.googleAnalytics.id" is not set.
+# If you want this feature, but occasionally need to remove the "Feedback" section from a single page,
+# add "hide_feedback: true" to the page's front matter.
+[params.ui.feedback]
+enable = false
+# The responses that the user sees after clicking "yes" (the page was helpful) or "no" (the page was not helpful).
+yes = 'Glad to hear it! Please <a href="https://github.com/USERNAME/REPOSITORY/issues/new">tell us how we can improve</a>.'
+no = 'Sorry to hear that. Please <a href="https://github.com/USERNAME/REPOSITORY/issues/new">tell us how we can improve</a>.'
+
+# Adds a reading time to the top of each doc.
+# If you want this feature, but occasionally need to remove the Reading time from a single page, 
+# add "hide_readingtime: true" to the page's front matter
+[params.ui.readingtime]
+enable = true
+
+[params.asf]
+[[params.asf.links]]
+name = "ASF Web Site"
+url = "http://www.apache.org/"
+
+[[params.asf.links]]
+name = "License"
+url = "http://www.apache.org/licenses/"
+
+[[params.asf.links]]
+name = "Donate"
+url = "http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html"
+
+
+[[params.asf.links]]
+name = "Thanks"
+url = "http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html"
+
+[[params.asf.links]]
+name = "Security"
+url = "http://www.apache.org/security/"
+
+
+[params.links]
+# End user relevant links. These will show up on left side of footer and in the community page if you have one.
+[[params.links.user]]
+  name = "User mailing list"
+  url = "https://lists.apache.org/list.html?user@avro.apache.org"
+  icon = "fa fa-envelope"
+  desc = "Discussion and help from your fellow users"
+[[params.links.user]]
+  name ="Twitter"
+  url = "https://twitter.com/ApacheAvro"
+  icon = "fab fa-twitter"
+  desc = "Follow us on Twitter to get the latest news!"
+[[params.links.user]]
+  name = "Stack Overflow"
+  url = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/avro"
+  icon = "fab fa-stack-overflow"
+  desc = "Practical questions and curated answers"
+# Developer relevant links. These will show up on right side of footer and in the community page if you have one.
+[[params.links.developer]]
+  name = "GitHub"
+  url = "https://github.com/apache/avro"
+  icon = "fab fa-github"
+  desc = "Development takes place here!"
+[[params.links.developer]]
+  name = "Issues"
+  url = "https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/AVRO/issues"
+  icon = "fab fa-jira"
+  desc = "Track bugs and new features"
+[[params.links.developer]]
+  name = "Chat with other project developers at Slack"
+  url = "https://the-asf.slack.com/"
+  icon = "fab fa-slack"
+  desc = "Chat with other project developers at #avro channel"
+[[params.links.developer]]
+  name = "Developer mailing list"
+  url = "https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@avro.apache.org"
+  icon = "fa fa-envelope"
+  desc = "Discuss development issues around the project"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "++version++ (Current)"
+  url = "/docs/++version++/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+version = "1.11.2"
+url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.2/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+version = "1.11.1"
+url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+version = "1.11.0"
+url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.0/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.10.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.10.2/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.10.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.10.1/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.10.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.10.0/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.9.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.9.2/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.9.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.9.1/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.9.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.9.0/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.8.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.8.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.1/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.8.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.0/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.7"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.7/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.6"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.6/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.5"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.5/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.4"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.4/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.3"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.3/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.2/"
+
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.1/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.7.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.6.3"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.6.3/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.6.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.6.2/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.6.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.6.1/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.6.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.6.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.5.4"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.4/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.5.3"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.3/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.5.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.2/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.5.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.1/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.5.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.5.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.4.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.4.1/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.4.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.4.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.3.3"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.3.3/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.3.2"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.3.2/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.3.1"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.3.1/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.3.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.3.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.2.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.2.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.1.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.1.0/"
+  
+[[params.versions]]
+  version = "1.0.0"
+  url = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.0.0/"
+  
diff --git a/doc/content/en/_index.html b/doc/content/en/_index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..618a99a14bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/_index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
++++
+title = "Apache Avro"
+linkTitle = "Apache Avro"
+
++++
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<!-- Copy of default blocks/cover shortcode, but without the (hardcoded) td-overlay--dark style class that breaks the white background. -->
+<section id="td-cover-block-0" class="row td-cover-block td-cover-block--height-med td-overlay -bg-white">
+	<div class="container td-overlay__inner">
+		<div class="row">
+			<div class="col-12">
+				<div class="text-center">
+					<h1 class="display-1 mt-0 mt-md-5 pb-4">Apache Avro™ - a data serialization system</h1>
+					<div class="pt-3 lead">
+						<div class="mx-auto">
+							<a class="btn btn-lg btn-primary mr-3 mb-4" href='{{< relref "/docs" >}}'>
+								Learn More <i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-right ml-2"></i>
+							</a>
+							<a class="btn btn-lg btn-secondary mr-3 mb-4" href='{{< relref "/project/download" >}}'>
+								Download <i class="fas fa-download ml-2 "></i>
+							</a>
+						</div>
+					</div>
+				</div>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	</div>
+</section>
+
+{{% blocks/lead color="primary" %}}
+Apache Avro™ is the leading serialization format for record data, and first choice for streaming data pipelines.
+It offers excellent schema evolution, and has implementations for the JVM (Java, Kotlin, Scala, &hellip;), Python, C/C++/C#, PHP, Ruby,
+Rust, JavaScript, and even Perl.
+{{% /blocks/lead %}}
+
+{{< blocks/section color="dark" type="features">}}
+<!-- Note: the number of feature blocks should be a multiple of 3 for optimal display -->
+
+{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-java" title="Getting started with Java" url="/docs/++version++/getting-started-java" %}}
+For Java / JVM users, find out everything you need to know about specifying a schema, (de)serializing Avro data and code generation.
+{{% /blocks/feature %}}
+
+{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-python" title="Getting started with Python" url="/docs/++version++/getting-started-python" %}}
+For Python users, find out everything you need to know about specifying a schema and (de)serializing Avro data.
+{{% /blocks/feature %}}
+
+{{% blocks/feature icon="fad fa-comments" title="Join Our Community!" url="/community/" %}}
+Learn from or connect with other users in our open and welcoming community. We'd love to hear from you!
+{{% /blocks/feature %}}
+
+{{< /blocks/section >}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/_index.md b/doc/content/en/blog/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85f97bd211d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "Blog"
+linkTitle: "Blog"
+menu:
+  main:
+    weight: 30
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+This is the **blog** section. It has two categories: News and Releases.
+
+Files in these directories will be listed in reverse chronological order.
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/_index.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..243dcf5f4a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "News About Apache Avro"
+linkTitle: "News"
+weight: 20
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/avro-joins-apache.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/avro-joins-apache.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..dbc1872644d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/avro-joins-apache.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro joins Apache"
+linkTitle: "Avro joins Apache"
+date: 2009-04-10
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Avro has joined the Apache Software Foundation as a Hadoop subproject.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-christophe-le-saec.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-christophe-le-saec.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..1522c1722b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-christophe-le-saec.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "New committer: Christophe Le Saec"
+linkTitle: "New committer: Christophe Le Saec"
+date: 2023-08-09
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro has invited Christophe
+Le Saec to become a committer and we are pleased to announce that
+he has accepted.
+
+Christophe definitely puts in the work and, has an impressive breadth of 
+knowledge about the languages of the Avro SDK!
+
+As an ASF project, we tend to be very conservative about making changes, and
+Christophe brings in fresh ideas and very quickly proposes concrete 
+implementations to prove them.  He has a good understanding of Avro, the
+motivation to move things forward, and the expertise to make changes!  At the
+same time, he's easy to talk to and flexible in coming to a consensus.
+
+Thanks for all your hard work!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-david-mollitor.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-david-mollitor.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..eb793009466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-david-mollitor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "New committer: David Mollitor"
+linkTitle: "New committer: David Mollitor"
+date: 2021-10-05
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro
+has invited David Mollitor to become a committer and we are pleased
+to announce that he has accepted.
+
+Since 2017, David has raised and fixed many issues in the
+Java SDK.  Recently he's been finding and providing fixes for subtle
+performance issues.  His work is always high-quality and he is
+reactive and pleasant to talk with on code reviews and JIRA.
+
+Being a committer enables easier contribution to the
+project since there is no need to go via the patch
+submission process. This should enable better productivity.
+
+It's great to have you as part of the team, David!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-martin-grigorov.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-martin-grigorov.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..78cc3b61648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-martin-grigorov.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "New committer: Martin Grigorov"
+linkTitle: "New committer: Martin Grigorov"
+date: 2022-01-04
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro
+has invited Martin Grigorov to become a committer and we are pleased
+to announce that he has accepted.
+
+Over the last few months, he has been active, reliable and easy to
+work with on PRs and on the mailing list.  His work is of high
+quality, and he has a breadth of experience in many of the SDK languages.
+I'm especially keen to point out the work he's been doing on the website!
+
+Being a committer enables easier contribution to the
+project since there is no need to go via the patch
+submission process. This should enable better productivity.
+
+It's great to have you as part of the team, Martin!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-oscar-westra-van-holthe-kind.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-oscar-westra-van-holthe-kind.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..535a2d88185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-oscar-westra-van-holthe-kind.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "New committer: Oscar Westra van Holthe - Kind"
+linkTitle: "New committer: Oscar Westra van Holthe - Kind"
+date: 2023-08-09
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro has invited Oscar
+Westra van Holthe - Kind to become a committer and we are pleased to announce that
+he has accepted.
+
+Oscar has done some really solid work on the IDL and JavaCC parts of the Java
+SDK.  We trust his work and think it's exceptionally high quality.  From the 
+start, he has already doing much of the work of a committer, demonstrated by
+his continuous presence in commenting JIRA, reviewing PRs as well as 
+encouraging and insightful words on the mailing list.
+
+As a bonus, in his spare time, Oscar also maintains the IntelliJ plugin for
+[IDL support](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/15728-apache-avro-idl-schema-support)!
+
+Thanks for all your hard work, and welcome!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-zoltan-csizmadia.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-zoltan-csizmadia.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..42834c551c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-committer-zoltan-csizmadia.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: "New committer: Zoltan Csizmadia"
+linkTitle: "New committer: Zoltan Csizmadia"
+date: 2022-03-29
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro has invited
+Zoltan Csizmadia to become a committer and we are pleased to announce
+that he has accepted.
+
+Zoltan has been present in the C# SDK for over two years and has
+really increased his activity in maintaining this language in the last
+few months.  He knows the technology, but more importantly, he is
+patient and works well with those of us who rely on the expertise of
+others.  Recently, he has been engaging with other contributors to
+increase the maintainability and quality of the dotnet code, and we
+have confidence in his decisions to balance stability of the
+established code and the expectations of modern C# developers.
+
+Being a committer enables easier contribution to the project since
+there is no need to go via the patch submission process. This should
+enable better productivity.
+
+Please join me in congratulating Zoltan on his recognition of great
+work thus far in our community.
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-martin-grigorov.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-martin-grigorov.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..659bdb30d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-martin-grigorov.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "New PMC member: Martin Grigorov"
+linkTitle: "New PMC member: Martin Grigorov"
+date: 2022-09-13
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro is pleased to announce that Martin Grigorov has accepted our invitation to become a PMC member.  He has has been active, reliable and responsive to the community and a solid contributor to various SDKs, bringing well-thought out reviews and comments to both old and new PRs and JIRA.  He definitely stepped up for the website refactoring and preparing for the 1.11.1 release!
+
+Please join me in welcoming Martin to the Avro PMC!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-michael-a-smith.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-michael-a-smith.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..2d203128eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-pmc-michael-a-smith.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "New PMC member: Michael A. Smith"
+linkTitle: "New PMC member: Michael A. Smith"
+date: 2023-08-09
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Avro has invited Michael A.
+Smith to the PMC and we are pleased to announce that he has accepted.
+
+Notably, Michael has taken a leadership role in ensuring the quality of the
+Python SDK, lending his expertise to ensure that Avro has a place in the 
+python community, while keeping our implementation up-to-date with standards
+and modern versions.  It's not an easy task, and we appreciate all he does!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-project-logo.md b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-project-logo.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..24f886912da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/news/new-project-logo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "New Project Logo"
+linkTitle: "New Project Logo"
+date: 2023-11-21
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Apache Avro project has a new project logo!
+
+The old logo was derived from the logo of a (now defunct) aircraft manufacturer
+in Great Britain. This posed a risk, as the Apache foundation would not contest
+legal action (even if extremely unlikely).
+
+But thanks to Emma Kellam, we now have a new logo! She has made several logo
+designs, and after some debate and several votes (it was a close call!), we can
+announce the new logo:
+
+[//]: # (the logo scales to 100% high or all available width, so limit it)
+<p style="height: 10rem">
+{{< project_logo >}}
+</p>
+
+The new logo is an homage to the previous logo, which is also triangular and
+uses blue colours. The paper airplane embodies keywords like 'fast', 'small'
+and 'efficient'. The blobby tail left behind by the airplane makes the icon
+unique and embodies 'flow' and 'transformation'.
+
+All in all a very nice logo for Apache Avro, which embodies the same keywords.
+
+Thanks for all your hard work Emma, and welcome!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/_index.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55875726bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Releases"
+linkTitle: "Releases"
+weight: 20
+aliases:
+- /releases.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.0.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.0.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..1bf74fbbb0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.0.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.0.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.0.0"
+date: 2010-07-15
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The first release of Avro is now available. To download, it, use the "Download" link below.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.1.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.1.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..f8876219ced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.1.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.1.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.1.0"
+date: 2009-09-15
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.1.0 is now available!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..d7a41f5e39d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.10.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.10.0"
+date: 2020-06-29
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.10.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..b8e6b199bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.10.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.10.1"
+date: 2020-12-03
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.10.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..ea1a74a7256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.10.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.10.2"
+date: 2021-03-15
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.10.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..54fd8b7293c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.11.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.11.0"
+date: 2021-10-31
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Apache Avro community is pleased to announce the release of Avro 1.11.0!
+
+All signed release artifacts, signatures and verification instructions can
+be found <a href="{{< relref "/project/download" >}}">here</a>
+
+This release includes 120 Jira issues, including some interesting features:
+
+* Specification: AVRO-3212 Support documentation tags for FIXED types
+* C#: AVRO-2961 Support dotnet framework 5.0
+* C#: AVRO-3225 Prevent memory errors when deserializing untrusted data
+* C++: AVRO-2923 Logical type corrections
+* Java: AVRO-2863 Support Avro core on android
+* Javascript: AVRO-3131 Drop support for node.js 10
+* Perl: AVRO-3190 Fix error when reading from EOF
+* Python: AVRO-2906 Improved performance validating deep record data
+* Python: AVRO-2914 Drop Python 2 support
+* Python: AVRO-3004 Drop Python 3.5 support
+* Ruby: AVRO-3108 Drop Ruby 2.5 support
+
+For the first time, the 1.11.0 release includes experimental support for
+**Rust**. Work is continuing on this donated SDK, but we have not versioned and
+published official artifacts for this release.
+
+**Python**: The avro package fully supports Python 3. We will no longer publish a
+separate avro-python3 package
+
+And of course upgraded dependencies to latest versions, CVE fixes and more:
+https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?jql=project%3DAVRO%20AND%20fixVersion%3D1.11.0
+
+The link to all fixed JIRA issues and a brief summary can be found at:
+https://github.com/apache/avro/releases/tag/release-1.11.0
+
+In addition, language-specific release artifacts are available:
+
+* C#: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro/1.11.0
+* Java: from Maven Central,
+* Javascript: https://www.npmjs.com/package/avro-js/v/1.11.0
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/release/Avro
+* Python 3: https://pypi.org/project/avro/1.11.0
+* Ruby: https://rubygems.org/gems/avro/versions/1.11.0
+
+Thanks to everyone for contributing!
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..d78d172930d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.11.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.11.1"
+date: 2022-07-31
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Apache Avro community is pleased to announce the release of Avro 1.11.1!
+
+All signed release artifacts, signatures and verification instructions can
+be found <a href="{{< relref "/project/download" >}}">here</a>
+
+## Most interesting
+
+This release includes 256 Jira issues, including some interesting features:
+
+Avro specification
+- [AVRO-3436](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3436) Clarify which names are allowed to be qualified with namespaces
+- [AVRO-3370](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3370) Inconsistent behaviour on types as invalid names
+- [AVRO-3275](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3275) Clarify how fullnames are created, with example
+- [AVRO-3257](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3257) IDL: add syntax to create optional fields
+- [AVRO-2019](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2019) Improve docs for logical type annotation
+
+C++
+- [AVRO-2722](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2722) Use of boost::mt19937 is not thread safe
+
+C#
+- [AVRO-3383](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3383) Many completed subtasks for modernizing C# coding style
+- [AVRO-3481](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3481) Input and output variable type mismatch
+- [AVRO-3475](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3475) Enforce time-millis and time-micros specification
+- [AVRO-3469](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3469) Build and test using .NET SDK 7.0
+- [AVRO-3468](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3468) Default values for logical types not supported
+- [AVRO-3467](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3467) Use oracle-actions to test with Early Access JDKs
+- [AVRO-3453](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3453) Avrogen Add Generated Code Attribute
+- [AVRO-3432](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3432) Add command line option to skip creation of directories
+- [AVRO-3411](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3411) Add Visual Studio Code Devcontainer support
+- [AVRO-3388](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3388) Implement extra codecs for C# as seperate nuget packages
+- [AVRO-3265](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3265) avrogen generates uncompilable code when namespace ends
+with ".Avro"
+- [AVRO-3219](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3219) Support nullable enum type fields
+
+Java
+- [AVRO-3531](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3531) GenericDatumReader in multithread lead to infinite loop
+- [AVRO-3482](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3482) Reuse MAGIC in DataFileReader
+- [AVRO-3586](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3586) Make Avro Build Reproducible
+- [AVRO-3441](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3441) Automatically register LogicalTypeFactory classes
+- [AVRO-3375](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3375) Add union branch, array index and map key "path"
+information to serialization errors
+- [AVRO-3374](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3374) Fully qualified type reference "ns.int" loses namespace
+- [AVRO-3294](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3294) IDL parsing allows doc comments in strange places
+- [AVRO-3273](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3273) avro-maven-plugin breaks on old versions of Maven
+- [AVRO-3266](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3266) Output stream incompatible with MagicS3GuardCommitter
+- [AVRO-3243](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3243) Lock conflicts when using computeIfAbsent
+- [AVRO-3120](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3120) Support Next Java LTS (Java 17)
+- [AVRO-2498](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2498) UUID generation is not working
+
+Javascript
+- [AVRO-3489](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3489) Replace istanbul with nyc for code coverage
+- [AVRO-3322](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3322) Buffer is not defined in browser environment
+- [AVRO-3084](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3084) Fix JavaScript interop test to work with other languages on CI
+
+Perl
+- [AVRO-3263](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3263) Schema validation warning on invalid schema with a long field
+
+Python
+- [AVRO-3542](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3542) Scale assignment optimization
+- [AVRO-3521](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3521) "Scale" property from decimal object
+- [AVRO-3380](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3380) Byte reading in avro.io does not assert bytes read
+- [AVRO-3229](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3229) validate the default value of an enum field
+- [AVRO-3218](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3218) Pass LogicalType to BytesDecimalSchema
+
+Ruby
+- [AVRO-3277](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3277) Test against Ruby 3.1
+
+Rust
+- [AVRO-3558](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3558) Add a demo crate that shows usage as WebAssembly
+- [AVRO-3526](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3526) Improve resolving Bytes and Fixed from string
+- [AVRO-3506](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3506) Implement Single Object Writer
+- [AVRO-3507](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3507) Implement Single Object Reader
+- [AVRO-3405](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3405) Add API for user-provided metadata to file
+- [AVRO-3339](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3339) Rename crate from avro-rs to apache-avro
+- [AVRO-3479](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3479) Derive Avro Schema macro
+
+Website
+- [AVRO-2175](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2175) Website refactor
+- [AVRO-3450](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3450) Document IDL support in IDEs
+
+
+## Rust
+
+This is the first release that provides the `apache-avro` crate at [crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro)!
+
+## JIRA
+
+A list of all JIRA tickets fixed in 1.11.1 could be found [here](https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?jql=project%3DAVRO%20AND%20fixVersion%3D1.11.1)
+
+## Language repositories
+
+In addition, language-specific release artifacts are available:
+
+* C#: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro/1.11.1
+* Java: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/avro/avro/1.11.1/
+* Javascript: https://www.npmjs.com/package/avro-js/v/1.11.1
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/release/Avro
+* Python 3: https://pypi.org/project/avro/1.11.1
+* Ruby: https://rubygems.org/gems/avro/versions/1.11.1
+* Rust: https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro/0.14.0
+
+Thanks to everyone for contributing!
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..3949d5f52ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.11.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.11.2"
+date: 2023-07-03
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Apache Avro community is pleased to announce the release of Avro 1.11.2!
+
+All signed release artifacts, signatures and verification instructions can
+be found <a href="{{< relref "/project/download" >}}">here</a>
+
+This release addresses 89 [Avro JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?jql=project%3DAVRO%20AND%20fixVersion%3D1.11.2).
+
+## Highlights
+
+C#
+- [AVRO-3434](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3434): Support logical schemas in reflect reader and writer
+- [AVRO-3670](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3670): Add NET 7.0 support
+- [AVRO-3724](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3724): Fix C# JsonEncoder for nested array of records
+- [AVRO-3756](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3756): Add a method to return types instead of writing them to disk
+
+C++
+- [AVRO-3601](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3601): C++ API header contains breaking include
+- [AVRO-3705](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3705): C++17 support
+
+Java
+- [AVRO-2943](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2943): Add new GenericData String/Utf8 ARRAY comparison test
+- [AVRO-2943](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2943): improve GenericRecord MAP type comparison
+- [AVRO-3473](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3473): Use ServiceLoader to discover Conversion
+- [AVRO-3536](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3536): Inherit conversions for Union type
+- [AVRO-3597](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3597): Allow custom readers to override string creation
+- [AVRO-3560](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3560): Throw SchemaParseException on dangling content beyond end of schema
+- [AVRO-3602](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3602): Support Map(with non-String keys) and Set in ReflectDatumReader
+- [AVRO-3676](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3676): Produce valid toString() for UUID JSON
+- [AVRO-3698](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3698): SpecificData.getClassName must replace reserved words
+- [AVRO-3700](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3700): Publish Java SBOM artifacts with CycloneDX
+- [AVRO-3783](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3783): Read LONG length for bytes, only allow INT sizes
+- [AVRO-3706](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3706): accept space in folder name
+
+Python
+- [AVRO-3761](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3761): Fix broken validation of nullable UUID field
+- [AVRO-3229](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3229): Raise on invalid enum default only if validation enabled
+- [AVRO-3622](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3622): Fix compatibility check for schemas having or missing namespace
+- [AVRO-3669](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3669): Add py.typed marker file (PEP561 compliance)
+- [AVRO-3672](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3672): Add CI testing for Python 3.11
+- [AVRO-3680](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3680): allow to disable name validation
+
+Ruby
+- [AVRO-3775](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3775): Fix decoded default value of logical type
+- [AVRO-3697](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3697): Test against Ruby 3.2
+- [AVRO-3722](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3722): Eagerly initialize instance variables for better inline cache hits
+
+Rust
+- Many, many bug fixes and implementation progress in this experimental SDK.
+- Rust CI builds and lints are passing, and has been released to crates.io as version 0.15.0
+
+In addition:
+- Upgrade dependencies to latest versions, including CVE fixes.
+- Testing and build improvements.
+- Performance fixes, other bug fixes, better documentation and more...
+
+
+Known issues
+- [AVRO-3789](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3789) Java: Problem when comparing empty MAP types.
+
+## Language SDK / Convenience artifacts
+
+* C#: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro/1.11.2
+* Java: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/avro/avro/1.11.2/
+* Javascript: https://www.npmjs.com/package/avro-js/v/1.11.2
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/release/Avro
+* Python 3: https://pypi.org/project/avro/1.11.2
+* Ruby: https://rubygems.org/gems/avro/versions/1.11.2
+* Rust: https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro/0.15.0
+
+Thanks to everyone for contributing!
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.3-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.3-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..50a0eef3fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.3-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.11.3"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.11.3"
+date: 2023-09-22
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Apache Avro community is pleased to announce the release of Avro 1.11.3!
+
+All signed release artifacts, signatures and verification instructions can
+be found <a href="{{< relref "/project/download" >}}">here</a>
+
+This release [addresses 39 Jira issues](https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?jql=project%3DAVRO%20AND%20fixVersion%3D1.11.3).
+
+## Highlights
+
+Java
+- [AVRO-3789](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3789): Comparing maps in GenericData is wrong for certain combinations and fails for empty maps
+- [AVRO-3713](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3713): Thread scalability problem with the use of SynchronizedMap
+- [AVRO-3486](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3486): Protocol namespace not parsed correctly if protocol is defined by full name
+- [AVRO-2771](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2771): Allow having Error in a Record
+- [AVRO-3819](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3819): Rationalize the system properties that limit allocation
+
+Python
+- [AVRO-3819](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3819): Rationalize the system properties that limit allocation
+- [AVRO-312](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-312): Generate documentation for Python with Sphinx
+
+Rust
+- [AVRO-3853](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3853): Support local-timestamp logical types for the Rust SDK
+- [AVRO-3851](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3851): Validate default value for record fields and enums on parsing
+- [AVRO-3847](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3847): Record field doesn't accept default value if field type is union and the type of default value is pre-defined name
+- [AVRO-3846](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3846): Race condition can happen among serde tests
+- [AVRO-3838](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3838): Replace regex crate with regex-lite
+- [AVRO-3837](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3837): Disallow invalid namespaces for the Rust binding
+- [AVRO-3835](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3835): Get rid of byteorder and zerocopy dependencies
+- [AVRO-3830](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3830): Handle namespace properly if a name starts with dot
+- [AVRO-3827](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3827): Disallow duplicate field names
+- [AVRO-3787](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3787): Deserialization fails to use default if an enum in a record in a union is given an unknown symbol
+- [AVRO-3786](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3786): Deserialization results in FindUnionVariant error if the writer and reader have the same symbol but at different positions
+- 
+
+In addition:
+- Upgrade dependencies to latest versions, including CVE fixes.
+- Testing and build improvements.
+- Performance fixes, other bug fixes, better documentation and more.
+
+Known issues: ∅
+
+## Language SDK / Convenience artifacts
+
+* C#: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro/1.11.3
+* Java: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/avro/avro/1.11.3/
+* Javascript: https://www.npmjs.com/package/avro-js/v/1.11.3
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/release/Avro
+* Python 3: https://pypi.org/project/avro/1.11.3
+* Ruby: https://rubygems.org/gems/avro/versions/1.11.3
+* Rust: https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro/0.16.0
+
+Thanks to everyone for contributing!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.2.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.2.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..24fc57ad92e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.2.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.2.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.2.0"
+date: 2009-10-15
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.2.0 is now available!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..dc29d337dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.3.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.3.0"
+date: 2010-02-26
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.3.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..f767d50dd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.3.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.3.1"
+date: 2010-03-19
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.3.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..3a0492df121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.3.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.3.2"
+date: 2010-03-31
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.3.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.3-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.3-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..15eeabd4ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.3.3-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.3.3"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.3.3"
+date: 2010-07-07
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.3.3 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..ca9df708ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.4.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.4.0"
+date: 2010-09-08
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.4.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..b2ef0836f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.4.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.4.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.4.1"
+date: 2010-10-13
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.4.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..94daaccc724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.5.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.5.0"
+date: 2011-03-11
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.5.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..24354286ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.5.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.5.1"
+date: 2011-05-06
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.5.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..25fb5b7549c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.5.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.5.2"
+date: 2011-08-12
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.5.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.3-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.3-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..5be5225a925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.3-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.5.3"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.5.3"
+date: 2011-08-29
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.5.3 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.4-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.4-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..8eeab4f4b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.5.4-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.5.4"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.5.4"
+date: 2011-09-12
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.5.4 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..e131f4534f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.6.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.6.0"
+date: 2011-11-02
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.6.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..724b9b04003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.6.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.6.1"
+date: 2011-11-14
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.6.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..15fae250b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.6.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.6.2"
+date: 2012-02-14
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.6.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.3-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.3-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..3029f9e4739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.6.3-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.6.3"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.6.3"
+date: 2012-03-19
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.6.3 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..02e5c15156a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.0"
+date: 2012-06-11
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..6ef9278dae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.1"
+date: 2012-07-18
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..94e5719ed0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.2"
+date: 2012-09-25
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.3-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.3-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..63ff58392f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.3-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.3"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.3"
+date: 2012-12-07
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.3 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.4-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.4-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..a91a8ebc18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.4-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.4"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.4"
+date: 2013-02-26
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.4 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.5-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.5-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..44288ccf66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.5-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.5"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.5"
+date: 2013-08-19
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.5 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.6-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.6-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..fe93cd5c2ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.6-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.6"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.6"
+date: 2014-01-22
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.6 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.7-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.7-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..07a378ec000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.7.7-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.7.7"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.7.7"
+date: 2014-07-23
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.7.7 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..9ca4a129d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.8.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.8.0"
+date: 2016-01-29
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.8.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..ed20e60219d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.8.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.8.1"
+date: 2016-05-19
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.8.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..07720e05053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.8.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.8.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.8.2"
+date: 2017-05-20
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.8.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.0-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.0-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..0833216066a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.0-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.9.0"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.9.0"
+date: 2019-05-14
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.9.0 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.1-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.1-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..6ae614e5b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.1-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.9.1"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.9.1"
+date: 2019-09-02
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.9.1 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.2-released.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.2-released.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..e4580fa42bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.9.2-released.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro 1.9.2"
+linkTitle: "Avro 1.9.2"
+date: 2020-02-19
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro 1.9.2 has been released!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-joins-apache.md b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-joins-apache.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..dbc1872644d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/blog/releases/avro-joins-apache.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Avro joins Apache"
+linkTitle: "Avro joins Apache"
+date: 2009-04-10
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Avro has joined the Apache Software Foundation as a Hadoop subproject.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/community/_index.md b/doc/content/en/community/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..643c532589a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/community/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: Community
+menu:
+  main:
+    weight: 40
+aliases:
+- /irc.html
+- /issue_tracking.html
+- /mailing_lists.html
+- /mail/
+- /version_control.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<!--add blocks of content here to add more sections to the community page -->
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Java)/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Java)/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..429e9837641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Java)/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+---
+categories: []
+tags: ["java"] 
+title: "Getting Started (Java)"
+linkTitle: "Getting Started (Java)"
+weight: 2
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+This is a short guide for getting started with Apache Avro™ using Java. This guide only covers using Avro for data serialization; see Patrick Hunt's [Avro RPC Quick Start](https://github.com/phunt/avro-rpc-quickstart) for a good introduction to using Avro for RPC.
+
+## Download
+
+Avro implementations for C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, Python, and Ruby can be downloaded from the [Apache Avro™ Download]({{< relref "/project/download" >}}) page. This guide uses Avro {{< avro_version >}}, the latest version at the time of writing. For the examples in this guide, download avro-{{< avro_version >}}.jar and avro-tools-{{< avro_version >}}.jar.
+
+Alternatively, if you are using Maven, add the following dependency to your POM:
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+  <version>{{< avro_version >}}</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+As well as the Avro Maven plugin (for performing code generation):
+
+```xml
+<plugin>
+  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+  <version>{{< avro_version >}}</version>
+  <configuration>
+    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/avro/</sourceDirectory>
+    <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
+  </configuration>
+  <executions>
+    <execution>
+      <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+      <goals>
+        <goal>schema</goal>
+      </goals>
+    </execution>
+  </executions>
+</plugin>
+<plugin>
+  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+  <configuration>
+    <source>1.8</source>
+    <target>1.8</target>
+  </configuration>
+</plugin>
+```
+      
+You may also build the required Avro jars from source. Building Avro is beyond the scope of this guide; see the Build Documentation page in the wiki for more information.
+
+## Defining a schema
+
+Avro schemas are defined using JSON or IDL (the latter requires an extra dependency). Schemas are composed of primitive types (null, boolean, int, long, float, double, bytes, and string) and complex types (record, enum, array, map, union, and fixed). You can learn more about Avro schemas and types from the specification, but for now let's start with a simple schema example, user.avsc:
+
+```json
+{"namespace": "example.avro",
+ "type": "record",
+ "name": "User",
+ "fields": [
+     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
+     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
+     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
+ ]
+}
+```
+      
+This schema defines a record representing a hypothetical user. (Note that a schema file can only contain a single schema definition.) At minimum, a record definition must include its type ("type": "record"), a name ("name": "User"), and fields, in this case name, favorite_number, and favorite_color. We also define a namespace ("namespace": "example.avro"), which together with the name attribute defines the "full name" of the schema (example.avro.User in this case).
+
+Fields are defined via an array of objects, each of which defines a name and type (other attributes are optional, see the record specification for more details). The type attribute of a field is another schema object, which can be either a primitive or complex type. For example, the name field of our User schema is the primitive type string, whereas the favorite_number and favorite_color fields are both unions, represented by JSON arrays. unions are a complex type that can be any of the types listed in the array; e.g., favorite_number can either be an int or null, essentially making it an optional field.
+
+## Serializing and deserializing with code generation
+
+### Compiling the schema
+Code generation allows us to automatically create classes based on our previously-defined schema. Once we have defined the relevant classes, there is no need to use the schema directly in our programs. We use the avro-tools jar to generate code as follows:
+
+```shell
+java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-{{< avro_version >}}.jar compile schema <schema file> <destination>
+```
+
+This will generate the appropriate source files in a package based on the schema's namespace in the provided destination folder. For instance, to generate a User class in package example.avro from the schema defined above, run
+
+```shell
+java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-{{< avro_version >}}.jar compile schema user.avsc .
+```
+
+Note that if you using the Avro Maven plugin, there is no need to manually invoke the schema compiler; the plugin automatically performs code generation on any .avsc files present in the configured source directory.
+
+### Creating Users
+Now that we've completed the code generation, let's create some Users, serialize them to a data file on disk, and then read back the file and deserialize the User objects.
+
+First let's create some Users and set their fields.
+
+```java
+User user1 = new User();
+user1.setName("Alyssa");
+user1.setFavoriteNumber(256);
+// Leave favorite color null
+
+// Alternate constructor
+User user2 = new User("Ben", 7, "red");
+
+// Construct via builder
+User user3 = User.newBuilder()
+             .setName("Charlie")
+             .setFavoriteColor("blue")
+             .setFavoriteNumber(null)
+             .build();
+```
+
+As shown in this example, Avro objects can be created either by invoking a constructor directly or by using a builder. Unlike constructors, builders will automatically set any default values specified in the schema. Additionally, builders validate the data as it set, whereas objects constructed directly will not cause an error until the object is serialized. However, using constructors directly generally offers better performance, as builders create a copy of the datastructure before it is written.
+
+Note that we do not set user1's favorite color. Since that record is of type ["string", "null"], we can either set it to a string or leave it null; it is essentially optional. Similarly, we set user3's favorite number to null (using a builder requires setting all fields, even if they are null).
+
+### Serializing
+Now let's serialize our Users to disk.
+
+```java
+// Serialize user1, user2 and user3 to disk
+DatumWriter<User> userDatumWriter = new SpecificDatumWriter<User>(User.class);
+DataFileWriter<User> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<User>(userDatumWriter);
+dataFileWriter.create(user1.getSchema(), new File("users.avro"));
+dataFileWriter.append(user1);
+dataFileWriter.append(user2);
+dataFileWriter.append(user3);
+dataFileWriter.close();
+```
+
+We create a DatumWriter, which converts Java objects into an in-memory serialized format. The SpecificDatumWriter class is used with generated classes and extracts the schema from the specified generated type.
+
+Next we create a DataFileWriter, which writes the serialized records, as well as the schema, to the file specified in the dataFileWriter.create call. We write our users to the file via calls to the dataFileWriter.append method. When we are done writing, we close the data file.
+
+### Deserializing
+Finally, let's deserialize the data file we just created.
+
+```java
+// Deserialize Users from disk
+DatumReader<User> userDatumReader = new SpecificDatumReader<User>(User.class);
+DataFileReader<User> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<User>(file, userDatumReader);
+User user = null;
+while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
+// Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
+// allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
+// many items.
+user = dataFileReader.next(user);
+System.out.println(user);
+}
+```
+        
+This snippet will output:
+
+```json
+{"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256, "favorite_color": null}
+{"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"}
+{"name": "Charlie", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "blue"}
+```
+
+Deserializing is very similar to serializing. We create a SpecificDatumReader, analogous to the SpecificDatumWriter we used in serialization, which converts in-memory serialized items into instances of our generated class, in this case User. We pass the DatumReader and the previously created File to a DataFileReader, analogous to the DataFileWriter, which reads both the schema used by the writer as well as the data from the file on disk. The data will be read using the writer's schema included in the file and the schema provided by the reader, in this case the User class. The writer's schema is needed to know the order in which fields were written, while the reader's schema is needed to know what fields are expected and how to fill in default values for fields added since the file was written. If there are differences between the two schemas, they are resolved according to the Schema Resolution specification.
+
+Next we use the DataFileReader to iterate through the serialized Users and print the deserialized object to stdout. Note how we perform the iteration: we create a single User object which we store the current deserialized user in, and pass this record object to every call of dataFileReader.next. This is a performance optimization that allows the DataFileReader to reuse the same User object rather than allocating a new User for every iteration, which can be very expensive in terms of object allocation and garbage collection if we deserialize a large data file. While this technique is the standard way to iterate through a data file, it's also possible to use for (User user : dataFileReader) if performance is not a concern.
+
+### Compiling and running the example code
+This example code is included as a Maven project in the examples/java-example directory in the Avro docs. From this directory, execute the following commands to build and run the example:
+
+```shell
+$ mvn compile # includes code generation via Avro Maven plugin
+$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.SpecificMain
+```
+
+### Beta feature: Generating faster code
+In release 1.9.0, we introduced a new approach to generating code that speeds up decoding of objects by more than 10% and encoding by more than 30% (future performance enhancements are underway). To ensure a smooth introduction of this change into production systems, this feature is controlled by a feature flag, the system property org.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders. In this first release, this feature is off by default. To turn it on, set the system flag to true at runtime. In the sample above, for example, you could enable the fater coders as follows:
+
+$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.SpecificMain \
+    -Dorg.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders=true
+        
+Note that you do not have to recompile your Avro schema to have access to this feature. The feature is compiled and built into your code, and you turn it on and off at runtime using the feature flag. As a result, you can turn it on during testing, for example, and then off in production. Or you can turn it on in production, and quickly turn it off if something breaks.
+
+We encourage the Avro community to exercise this new feature early to help build confidence. (For those paying one-demand for compute resources in the cloud, it can lead to meaningful cost savings.) As confidence builds, we will turn this feature on by default, and eventually eliminate the feature flag (and the old code).
+
+## Serializing and deserializing without code generation
+Data in Avro is always stored with its corresponding schema, meaning we can always read a serialized item regardless of whether we know the schema ahead of time. This allows us to perform serialization and deserialization without code generation.
+
+Let's go over the same example as in the previous section, but without using code generation: we'll create some users, serialize them to a data file on disk, and then read back the file and deserialize the users objects.
+
+### Creating users
+First, we use a SchemaParser to read our schema definition and create a Schema object.
+
+```java
+Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(new File("user.avsc")).mainSchema();
+```
+
+Using this schema, let's create some users.
+
+```java
+GenericRecord user1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+user1.put("name", "Alyssa");
+user1.put("favorite_number", 256);
+// Leave favorite color null
+
+GenericRecord user2 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+user2.put("name", "Ben");
+user2.put("favorite_number", 7);
+user2.put("favorite_color", "red");
+```
+
+Since we're not using code generation, we use GenericRecords to represent users. GenericRecord uses the schema to verify that we only specify valid fields. If we try to set a non-existent field (e.g., user1.put("favorite_animal", "cat")), we'll get an AvroRuntimeException when we run the program.
+
+Note that we do not set user1's favorite color. Since that record is of type ["string", "null"], we can either set it to a string or leave it null; it is essentially optional.
+
+### Serializing
+Now that we've created our user objects, serializing and deserializing them is almost identical to the example above which uses code generation. The main difference is that we use generic instead of specific readers and writers.
+
+First we'll serialize our users to a data file on disk.
+
+```java
+// Serialize user1 and user2 to disk
+File file = new File("users.avro");
+DatumWriter<GenericRecord> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord>(schema);
+DataFileWriter<GenericRecord> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<GenericRecord>(datumWriter);
+dataFileWriter.create(schema, file);
+dataFileWriter.append(user1);
+dataFileWriter.append(user2);
+dataFileWriter.close();
+```
+
+We create a DatumWriter, which converts Java objects into an in-memory serialized format. Since we are not using code generation, we create a GenericDatumWriter. It requires the schema both to determine how to write the GenericRecords and to verify that all non-nullable fields are present.
+
+As in the code generation example, we also create a DataFileWriter, which writes the serialized records, as well as the schema, to the file specified in the dataFileWriter.create call. We write our users to the file via calls to the dataFileWriter.append method. When we are done writing, we close the data file.
+
+### Deserializing
+Finally, we'll deserialize the data file we just created.
+
+```java
+// Deserialize users from disk
+DatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord>(schema);
+DataFileReader<GenericRecord> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<GenericRecord>(file, datumReader);
+GenericRecord user = null;
+while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
+// Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
+// allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
+// many items.
+user = dataFileReader.next(user);
+System.out.println(user);
+```
+
+This outputs:
+
+```json
+{"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256, "favorite_color": null}
+{"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"}
+```
+        
+Deserializing is very similar to serializing. We create a GenericDatumReader, analogous to the GenericDatumWriter we used in serialization, which converts in-memory serialized items into GenericRecords. We pass the DatumReader and the previously created File to a DataFileReader, analogous to the DataFileWriter, which reads both the schema used by the writer as well as the data from the file on disk. The data will be read using the writer's schema included in the file, and the reader's schema provided to the GenericDatumReader. The writer's schema is needed to know the order in which fields were written, while the reader's schema is needed to know what fields are expected and how to fill in default values for fields added since the file was written. If there are differences between the two schemas, they are resolved according to the Schema Resolution specification.
+
+Next, we use the DataFileReader to iterate through the serialized users and print the deserialized object to stdout. Note how we perform the iteration: we create a single GenericRecord object which we store the current deserialized user in, and pass this record object to every call of dataFileReader.next. This is a performance optimization that allows the DataFileReader to reuse the same record object rather than allocating a new GenericRecord for every iteration, which can be very expensive in terms of object allocation and garbage collection if we deserialize a large data file. While this technique is the standard way to iterate through a data file, it's also possible to use for (GenericRecord user : dataFileReader) if performance is not a concern.
+
+### Compiling and running the example code
+This example code is included as a Maven project in the examples/java-example directory in the Avro docs. From this directory, execute the following commands to build and run the example:
+
+```shell
+$ mvn compile
+$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.GenericMain
+```
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Python)/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Python)/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44e3a8f37fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Getting started (Python)/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+---
+categories: []
+tags: ["python"] 
+title: "Getting Started (Python)"
+linkTitle: "Getting Started (Python)"
+weight: 3
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+This is a short guide for getting started with Apache Avro™ using Python. This guide only covers using Avro for data serialization; see Patrick Hunt's Avro RPC Quick Start for a good introduction to using Avro for RPC.
+
+## Notice for Python 3 users
+A package called "avro-python3" had been provided to support Python 3 previously, but the codebase was consolidated into the "avro" package and that supports both Python 2 and 3 now. The avro-python3 package will be removed in the near future, so users should use the "avro" package instead. They are mostly API compatible, but there's a few minor difference (e.g., function name capitalization, such as avro.schema.Parse vs avro.schema.parse).
+
+## Download
+For Python, the easiest way to get started is to install it from PyPI. Python's Avro API is available over PyPi.
+
+```shell
+$ python3 -m pip install avro
+```
+
+The official releases of the Avro implementations for C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, Python, and Ruby can be downloaded from the Apache Avro™ Releases page. This guide uses Avro {{< avro_version >}}, the latest version at the time of writing. Download and unzip avro-{{< avro_version >}}.tar.gz, and install via python setup.py (this will probably require root privileges). Ensure that you can import avro from a Python prompt.
+
+```shell
+$ tar xvf avro-{{< avro_version >}}.tar.gz
+$ cd avro-{{< avro_version >}}
+$ python setup.py install
+$ python
+>>> import avro # should not raise ImportError
+```
+
+Alternatively, you may build the Avro Python library from source. From your the root Avro directory, run the commands
+
+```shell
+$ cd lang/py/
+$ python3 -m pip install -e .
+$ python
+```
+
+## Defining a schema
+Avro schemas are defined using JSON. Schemas are composed of primitive types (null, boolean, int, long, float, double, bytes, and string) and complex types (record, enum, array, map, union, and fixed). You can learn more about Avro schemas and types from the specification, but for now let's start with a simple schema example, user.avsc:
+
+```json
+{"namespace": "example.avro",
+ "type": "record",
+ "name": "User",
+ "fields": [
+     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
+     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
+     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
+ ]
+}
+```
+      
+This schema defines a record representing a hypothetical user. (Note that a schema file can only contain a single schema definition.) At minimum, a record definition must include its type ("type": "record"), a name ("name": "User"), and fields, in this case name, favorite_number, and favorite_color. We also define a namespace ("namespace": "example.avro"), which together with the name attribute defines the "full name" of the schema (example.avro.User in this case).
+
+Fields are defined via an array of objects, each of which defines a name and type (other attributes are optional, see the record specification for more details). The type attribute of a field is another schema object, which can be either a primitive or complex type. For example, the name field of our User schema is the primitive type string, whereas the favorite_number and favorite_color fields are both unions, represented by JSON arrays. unions are a complex type that can be any of the types listed in the array; e.g., favorite_number can either be an int or null, essentially making it an optional field.
+
+## Serializing and deserializing without code generation
+Data in Avro is always stored with its corresponding schema, meaning we can always read a serialized item, regardless of whether we know the schema ahead of time. This allows us to perform serialization and deserialization without code generation. Note that the Avro Python library does not support code generation.
+
+Try running the following code snippet, which serializes two users to a data file on disk, and then reads back and deserializes the data file:
+
+```python
+import avro.schema
+from avro.datafile import DataFileReader, DataFileWriter
+from avro.io import DatumReader, DatumWriter
+
+schema = avro.schema.parse(open("user.avsc", "rb").read())
+
+writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(), schema)
+writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
+writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
+writer.close()
+
+reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader())
+for user in reader:
+    print(user)
+reader.close()
+```
+
+This outputs:
+
+```json
+{'favorite_color': None, 'favorite_number': 256, 'name': 'Alyssa'}
+{'favorite_color': 'red', 'favorite_number': 7, 'name': 'Ben'}
+```
+
+Do make sure that you open your files in binary mode (i.e. using the modes wb or rb respectively). Otherwise you might generate corrupt files due to automatic replacement of newline characters with the platform-specific representations.
+
+Let's take a closer look at what's going on here.
+
+```python
+schema = avro.schema.parse(open("user.avsc", "rb").read())
+```
+
+avro.schema.parse takes a string containing a JSON schema definition as input and outputs a avro.schema.Schema object (specifically a subclass of Schema, in this case RecordSchema). We're passing in the contents of our user.avsc schema file here.
+
+```python
+writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(), schema)
+```
+
+We create a DataFileWriter, which we'll use to write serialized items to a data file on disk. The DataFileWriter constructor takes three arguments:
+
+* The file we'll serialize to
+* A DatumWriter, which is responsible for actually serializing the items to Avro's binary format (DatumWriters can be used separately from DataFileWriters, e.g., to perform IPC with Avro).
+* The schema we're using. The DataFileWriter needs the schema both to write the schema to the data file, and to verify that the items we write are valid items and write the appropriate fields.
+
+```python
+writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
+writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
+```
+     
+We use DataFileWriter.append to add items to our data file. Avro records are represented as Python dicts. Since the field favorite_color has type ["string", "null"], we are not required to specify this field, as shown in the first append. Were we to omit the required name field, an exception would be raised. Any extra entries not corresponding to a field are present in the dict are ignored.
+
+```python
+reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader())
+```
+
+We open the file again, this time for reading back from disk. We use a DataFileReader and DatumReader analagous to the DataFileWriter and DatumWriter above.
+
+```python
+for user in reader:
+    print(user)
+```
+
+The DataFileReader is an iterator that returns dicts corresponding to the serialized items.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/IDL Language/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/IDL Language/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d0121274a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/IDL Language/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+---
+title: "IDL Language"
+linkTitle: "IDL Language"
+weight: 201
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Introduction
+This document defines Avro IDL, a higher-level language for authoring Avro schemata. Before reading this document, you should have familiarity with the concepts of schemata and protocols, as well as the various primitive and complex types available in Avro.
+
+## Overview
+
+### Purpose
+The aim of the Avro IDL language is to enable developers to author schemata in a way that feels more similar to common programming languages like Java, C++, or Python. Additionally, the Avro IDL language may feel more familiar for those users who have previously used the interface description languages (IDLs) in other frameworks like Thrift, Protocol Buffers, or CORBA.
+
+### Usage
+Each Avro IDL file defines either a single Avro Protocol, or an Avro Schema with supporting named schemata in a namespace. When parsed, it thus yields either a Protocol or a Schema. These can be respectively written to JSON-format Avro Protocol files with extension .avpr or JSON-format Avro Schema files with extension .avsc.
+
+To convert a _.avdl_ file into a _.avpr_ file, it may be processed by the `idl` tool. For example:
+```shell
+$ java -jar avro-tools.jar idl src/test/idl/input/namespaces.avdl /tmp/namespaces.avpr
+$ head /tmp/namespaces.avpr
+{
+  "protocol" : "TestNamespace",
+  "namespace" : "avro.test.protocol",
+```
+To convert a _.avdl_ file into a _.avsc_ file, it may be processed by the `idl` tool too. For example:
+```shell
+$ java -jar avro-tools.jar idl src/test/idl/input/schema_syntax_schema.avdl /tmp/schema_syntax.avsc
+$ head /tmp/schema_syntax.avsc
+{
+  "type": "array",
+  "items": {
+    "type": "record",
+    "name": "StatusUpdate",
+```
+The `idl` tool can also process input to and from _stdin_ and _stdout_. See `idl --help` for full usage information.
+
+A Maven plugin is also provided to compile .avdl files. To use it, add something like the following to your pom.xml:
+```xml
+<build>
+  <plugins>
+    <plugin>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+      <executions>
+        <execution>
+          <goals>
+            <goal>idl</goal>
+          </goals>
+        </execution>
+      </executions>
+    </plugin>
+  </plugins>
+</build>
+```
+
+## Defining a Schema in Avro IDL
+An Avro IDL file consists of exactly one (main) schema definition. The minimal schema is defined by the following code:
+```java
+schema int;
+```
+This is equivalent to (and generates) the following JSON schema definition:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "int"
+}
+```
+More complex schemata can also be defined, for example by adding named schemata like this:
+```java
+namespace default.namespace.for.named.schemata;
+schema Message;
+
+record Message {
+    string? title = null;
+    string message;
+}
+```
+This is equivalent to (and generates) the following JSON schema definition:
+```json
+{
+  "type" : "record",
+  "name" : "Message",
+  "namespace" : "default.namespace.for.named.schemata",
+  "fields" : [ {
+    "name" : "title",
+    "type" : [ "null", "string" ],
+    "default": null
+  }, {
+    "name" : "message",
+    "type" : "string"
+  } ]
+}
+```
+Schemata in Avro IDL can contain the following items:
+
+* Imports of external protocol and schema files (only named schemata are imported).
+* Definitions of named schemata, including records, errors, enums, and fixeds.
+
+## Defining a Protocol in Avro IDL
+An Avro IDL file consists of exactly one protocol definition. The minimal protocol is defined by the following code:
+```java
+protocol MyProtocol {
+}
+```
+This is equivalent to (and generates) the following JSON protocol definition:
+```json
+{
+"protocol" : "MyProtocol",
+  "types" : [ ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
+```
+The namespace of the protocol may be changed using the @namespace annotation:
+```java
+@namespace("mynamespace")
+protocol MyProtocol {
+}
+```
+This notation is used throughout Avro IDL as a way of specifying properties for the annotated element, as will be described later in this document.
+
+Protocols in Avro IDL can contain the following items:
+
+* Imports of external protocol and schema files.
+* Definitions of named schemata, including records, errors, enums, and fixeds.
+* Definitions of RPC messages
+
+## Imports
+Files may be imported in one of three formats:
+
+* An IDL file may be imported with a statement like:
+
+  `import idl "foo.avdl";`
+
+* A JSON protocol file may be imported with a statement like:
+
+  `import protocol "foo.avpr";`
+
+* A JSON schema file may be imported with a statement like:
+
+  `import schema "foo.avsc";`
+
+When importing into an IDL schema file, only (named) types are imported into this file. When importing into an IDL protocol, messages are imported into the protocol as well.
+
+Imported file names are resolved relative to the current IDL file.
+
+## Defining an Enumeration
+Enums are defined in Avro IDL using a syntax similar to C or Java. An Avro Enum supports optional default values. In the case that a reader schema is unable to recognize a symbol written by the writer, the reader will fall back to using the defined default value. This default is only used when an incompatible symbol is read. It is not used if the enum field is missing.
+
+Example Writer Enum Definition
+```java
+enum Shapes {
+  SQUARE, TRIANGLE, CIRCLE, OVAL
+}
+```
+Example Reader Enum Definition
+```java
+enum Shapes {
+  SQUARE, TRIANGLE, CIRCLE
+} = CIRCLE;
+```
+In the above example, the reader will use the default value of `CIRCLE` whenever reading data written with the `OVAL` symbol of the writer. Also note that, unlike the JSON format, anonymous enums cannot be defined.
+
+## Defining a Fixed Length Field
+Fixed fields are defined using the following syntax:
+```
+fixed MD5(16);
+```
+This example defines a fixed-length type called MD5, which contains 16 bytes.
+
+## Defining Records and Errors
+Records are defined in Avro IDL using a syntax similar to a struct definition in C:
+```java
+record Employee {
+  string name;
+  boolean active = true;
+  long salary;
+}
+```
+The above example defines a record with the name “Employee” with three fields.
+
+To define an error, simply use the keyword _error_ instead of _record_. For example:
+```java
+error Kaboom {
+  string explanation;
+  int result_code = -1;
+}
+```
+Each field in a record or error consists of a type and a name, optional property annotations and an optional default value.
+
+A type reference in Avro IDL must be one of:
+
+* A primitive type
+* A logical type
+* A named schema (either defined or imported)
+* A complex type (array, map, or union)
+
+### Primitive Types
+The primitive types supported by Avro IDL are the same as those supported by Avro's JSON format. This list includes _int_, _long_, _string_, _boolean_, _float_, _double_, _null_, and _bytes_.
+
+### Logical Types
+Some of the logical types supported by Avro's JSON format are directly supported by Avro IDL. The currently supported types are:
+
+* _decimal_ (logical type [decimal]({{< relref "specification#decimal" >}}))
+* _date_ (logical type [date]({{< relref "specification#date" >}}))
+* _time_ms_ (logical type [time-millis]({{< relref "specification#time-millisecond-precision" >}}))
+* _timestamp_ms_ (logical type [timestamp-millis]({{< relref "specification#timestamp-millisecond-precision" >}}))
+* _local_timestamp_ms_ (logical type [local-timestamp-millis]({{< relref "specification#local_timestamp_ms" >}}))
+* _uuid_ (logical type [uuid]({{< relref "specification#uuid" >}}))
+
+For example:
+```java
+record Job {
+  string jobid;
+  date submitDate;
+  time_ms submitTime;
+  timestamp_ms finishTime;
+  decimal(9,2) finishRatio;
+  uuid pk = "a1a2a3a4-b1b2-c1c2-d1d2-d3d4d5d6d7d8";
+}
+```
+
+Logical types can also be specified via an annotation, which is useful for logical types for which a keyword does not exist:
+
+```java
+record Job {
+  string jobid;
+  @logicalType("timestamp-micros")
+  long finishTime;
+}
+```
+
+### References to Named Schemata
+If a named schema has already been defined in the same Avro IDL file, it may be referenced by name as if it were a primitive type:
+```java
+record Card {
+  Suit suit; // refers to the enum Card defined above
+  int number;
+}
+```
+
+### Default Values
+Default values for fields may be optionally specified by using an equals sign after the field name followed by a JSON expression indicating the default value. This JSON is interpreted as described in the [spec]({{< relref "specification#schema-record" >}}).
+
+### Complex Types
+
+#### Arrays
+Array types are written in a manner that will seem familiar to C++ or Java programmers. An array of any type t is denoted `array<t>`. For example, an array of strings is denoted `array<string>`, and a multidimensional array of Foo records would be `array<array<Foo>>`.
+
+#### Maps
+Map types are written similarly to array types. An array that contains values of type t is written `map<t>`. As in the JSON schema format, all maps contain `string`-type keys.
+
+#### Unions
+Union types are denoted as `union { typeA, typeB, typeC, ... }`. For example, this record contains a string field that is optional (unioned with null), and a field containing either a precise or a imprecise number:
+```java
+record RecordWithUnion {
+  union { null, string } optionalString;
+  union { decimal(12, 6), float } number;
+}
+```
+Note that the same restrictions apply to Avro IDL unions as apply to unions defined in the JSON format; namely, a union may not contain multiple elements of the same type. Also, fields/parameters that use the union type and have a default parameter must specify a default value of the same type as the **first** union type.
+
+Because it occurs so often, there is a special shorthand to denote a union of `null` with one other schema. The first three fields in the following snippet have identical schemata, as do the last two fields:
+
+```java
+record RecordWithUnion {
+  union { null, string } optionalString1 = null;
+  string? optionalString2 = null;
+  string? optionalString3; // No default value
+
+  union { string, null } optionalString4 = "something";
+  string? optionalString5 = "something else";
+}
+```
+
+Note that unlike explicit unions, the position of the `null` type is fluid; it will be the first or last type depending on the default value (if any). So all fields are valid in the example above.
+
+## Defining RPC Messages
+The syntax to define an RPC message within a Avro IDL protocol is similar to the syntax for a method declaration within a C header file or a Java interface. To define an RPC message _add_ which takes two arguments named _foo_ and _bar_, returning an _int_, simply include the following definition within the protocol:
+```java
+int add(int foo, int bar = 0);
+```
+Message arguments, like record fields, may specify default values.
+
+To define a message with no response, you may use the alias _void_, equivalent to the Avro _null_ type:
+```java
+void logMessage(string message);
+```
+If you have defined or imported an error type within the same protocol, you may declare that a message can throw this error using the syntax:
+```java
+void goKaboom() throws Kaboom;
+```
+To define a one-way message, use the keyword `oneway` after the parameter list, for example:
+```java
+void fireAndForget(string message) oneway;
+```
+
+## Other Language Features
+
+### Comments and documentation
+All Java-style comments are supported within a Avro IDL file. Any text following _//_ on a line is ignored, as is any text between _/*_ and _*/_, possibly spanning multiple lines.
+
+Comments that begin with _/**_ are used as the documentation string for the type or field definition that follows the comment.
+
+### Escaping Identifiers
+Occasionally, one may want to distinguish between identifiers and languages keywords. In order to do so, backticks (`) may be used to escape
+the identifier. For example, to define a message with the literal name error, you may write:
+```java
+void `error`();
+```
+This syntax is allowed anywhere an identifier is expected.
+
+### Annotations for Ordering and Namespaces
+Java-style annotations may be used to add additional properties to types and fields throughout Avro IDL. These can be custom properties, or
+special properties as used in the JSON-format Avro Schema and Protocol files.
+
+For example, to specify the sort order of a field within a record, one may use the `@order` annotation before the field name as follows:
+```java
+record MyRecord {
+  string @order("ascending") myAscendingSortField;
+  string @order("descending")  myDescendingField;
+  string @order("ignore") myIgnoredField;
+}
+```
+A field's type (with the exception of type references) may also be preceded by annotations, e.g.:
+```java
+record MyRecord {
+  @java-class("java.util.ArrayList") array<string> myStrings;
+}
+```
+This can be used to support java classes that can be serialized/deserialized via their `toString`/`String constructor`, e.g.:
+```java
+record MyRecord {
+  @java-class("java.math.BigDecimal") string value;
+  @java-key-class("java.io.File") map<string> fileStates;
+  array<@java-class("java.math.BigDecimal") string> weights;
+}
+```
+Similarly, a `@namespace` annotation may be used to modify the namespace when defining a named schema. For example:
+```java
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.firstNamespace")
+protocol MyProto {
+  @namespace("org.apache.avro.someOtherNamespace")
+  record Foo {}
+
+  record Bar {}
+}
+```
+will define a protocol in the _firstNamespace_ namespace. The record _Foo_ will be defined in _someOtherNamespace_ and _Bar_ will be defined in _firstNamespace_ as it inherits its default from its container.
+
+Type and field aliases are specified with the `@aliases` annotation as follows:
+```java
+@aliases(["org.old.OldRecord", "org.ancient.AncientRecord"])
+record MyRecord {
+  string @aliases(["oldField", "ancientField"]) myNewField;
+}
+```
+Some annotations like those listed above are handled specially. All other annotations are added as properties to the protocol, message, schema or field. You can use any identifier or series of identifiers separated by dots and/or dashes as property name.
+
+## Complete Example
+The following is an example of two Avro IDL files that together show most of the above features:
+
+### schema.avdl
+```java
+/*
+ * Header with license information.
+ */
+// Optional default namespace (if absent, the default namespace is the null namespace).
+namespace org.apache.avro.test;
+// Optional main schema definition; if used, the IDL file is equivalent to a .avsc file.
+schema TestRecord;
+
+/** Documentation for the enum type Kind */
+@aliases(["org.foo.KindOf"])
+enum Kind {
+  FOO,
+  BAR, // the bar enum value
+  BAZ
+} = FOO; // For schema evolution purposes, unmatched values do not throw an error, but are resolved to FOO.
+
+/** MD5 hash; good enough to avoid most collisions, and smaller than (for example) SHA256. */
+fixed MD5(16);
+
+record TestRecord {
+  /** Record name; has no intrinsic order */
+  string @order("ignore") name;
+
+  Kind @order("descending") kind;
+
+  MD5 hash;
+
+  /*
+  Note that 'null' is the first union type. Just like .avsc / .avpr files, the default value must be of the first union type.
+  */
+  union { null, MD5 } /** Optional field */ @aliases(["hash"]) nullableHash = null;
+  // Shorthand syntax; the null in this union is placed based on the default value (or first is there's no default).
+  MD5? anotherNullableHash = null;
+
+  array<long> arrayOfLongs;
+}
+```
+
+### protocol.avdl
+```java
+/*
+ * Header with license information.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An example protocol in Avro IDL
+ */
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol Simple {
+  // Import the example file above
+  import idl "schema.avdl";
+
+  /** Errors are records that can be thrown from a method */
+  error TestError {
+    string message;
+  }
+
+  string hello(string greeting);
+  /** Return what was given. Demonstrates the use of backticks to name types/fields/messages/parameters after keywords */
+  TestRecord echo(TestRecord `record`);
+  int add(int arg1, int arg2);
+  bytes echoBytes(bytes data);
+  void `error`() throws TestError;
+  // The oneway keyword forces the method to return null.
+  void ping() oneway;
+}
+```
+
+Additional examples may be found in the Avro source tree under the `src/test/idl/input` directory.
+
+## IDE support
+
+There are several editors and IDEs that support Avro IDL files, usually via plugins.
+
+### JetBrains
+
+Apache Avro IDL Schema Support 203.1.2 was released in 9 December 2021.
+
+Features:
+* Syntax Highlighting
+* Code Completion
+* Code Formatting
+* Error Highlighting
+* Inspections & quick fixes
+* JSON schemas for .avpr and .avsc files
+
+It's available via the [JetBrains Marketplace](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/15728-apache-avro-idl-schema-support)
+and on [GitHub](https://github.com/opwvhk/avro-schema-support).
+
+The plugin supports almost the all JetBrains products: IntelliJ IDEA, PyCharm, WebStorm, Android Studio, AppCode, GoLand, Rider, CLion, RubyMine, PhpStorm, DataGrip, DataSpell, MPS, Code With Me Guest and JetBrains Client.
+
+Only JetBrains Gateway does not support this plugin directly. But the backend (JetBrains) IDE that it connects to does.
+
+### Eclipse
+
+Avroclipse 0.0.11 was released on 4 December 2019.
+
+Features:
+* Syntax Highlighting
+* Error Highlighting
+* Code Completion
+
+It is available on the [Eclipse Marketplace](https://marketplace.eclipse.org/content/avroclipse)
+and [GitHub](https://github.com/dvdkruk/avroclipse).
+
+### Visual Studio Code
+
+avro-idl 0.5.0 was released on 16 June 2021. It provides syntax highlighting.
+
+It is available on the [VisualStudio Marketplace](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.avro)
+and [GitHub](https://github.com/Jason3S/vscode-avro-ext)
+
+### Atom.io
+
+atom-language-avro 0.0.13 was released on 14 August 2015. It provides syntax highlighting.
+
+It is available as [Atom.io package](https://atom.io/packages/atom-language-avro)
+and [GitHub](https://github.com/jonesetc/atom-language-avro)
+
+### Vim
+
+A `.avdl` detecting plugin by Gurpreet Atwal on [GitHub](https://github.com/gurpreetatwal/vim-avro) (Last change in December 2016)
+
+[avro-idl.vim](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/share/editors/avro-idl.vim) in the Avro repository `share/editors` directory (last change in September 2010)
+
+Both provide syntax highlighting.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/MapReduce guide/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/MapReduce guide/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f262bc6e2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/MapReduce guide/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+---
+title: "MapReduce guide"
+linkTitle: "MapReduce guide"
+weight: 200
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Avro provides a convenient way to represent complex data structures within a Hadoop MapReduce job. Avro data can be used as both input to and output from a MapReduce job, as well as the intermediate format. The example in this guide uses Avro data for all three, but it's possible to mix and match; for instance, MapReduce can be used to aggregate a particular field in an Avro record.
+
+This guide assumes basic familiarity with both Hadoop MapReduce and Avro. See the [Hadoop documentation](https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/) and the [Avro getting started guide](./getting-started-java/) for introductions to these projects. This guide uses the old MapReduce API (`org.apache.hadoop.mapred`) and the new MapReduce API (`org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce`).
+
+## Setup
+The code from this guide is included in the Avro docs under examples/mr-example. The example is set up as a Maven project that includes the necessary Avro and MapReduce dependencies and the Avro Maven plugin for code generation, so no external jars are needed to run the example. In particular, the POM includes the following dependencies:
+```xml
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+  <version>{{< avro_version >}}</version>
+</dependency>
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>avro-mapred</artifactId>
+  <version>{{< avro_version >}}</version>
+</dependency>
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
+  <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
+  <version>3.1.2</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+And the following plugin:
+```xml
+<plugin>
+  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+  <version>{{< avro_version >}}</version>
+  <executions>
+    <execution>
+      <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+      <goals>
+        <goal>schema</goal>
+      </goals>
+      <configuration>
+        <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/../</sourceDirectory>
+        <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/target/generated-sources/</outputDirectory>
+      </configuration>
+    </execution>
+  </executions>
+</plugin>
+```
+
+If you do not configure the *sourceDirectory* and *outputDirectory* properties, the defaults will be used. The *sourceDirectory* property defaults to *src/main/avro*. The *outputDirectory* property defaults to *target/generated-sources*. You can change the paths to match your project layout.
+
+Alternatively, Avro jars can be downloaded directly from the Apache Avro™ Releases [page](https://avro.apache.org/releases.html). The relevant Avro jars for this guide are *avro-{{< avro_version >}}.jar* and *avro-mapred-{{< avro_version >}}.jar*, as well as *avro-tools-{{< avro_version >}}.jar* for code generation and viewing Avro data files as JSON. In addition, you will need to install Hadoop in order to use MapReduce.
+
+## Example: ColorCount
+Below is a simple example of a MapReduce that uses Avro. There is an example for both the old (org.apache.hadoop.mapred) and new (org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce) APIs under *examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/*. _MapredColorCount_ is the example for the older mapred API while _MapReduceColorCount_ is the example for the newer mapreduce API. Both examples are below, but we will detail the mapred API in our subsequent examples.
+
+MapredColorCount.java:
+```java
+package example;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.avro.*;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
+import org.apache.avro.mapred.*;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*;
+import org.apache.hadoop.util.*;
+
+import example.avro.User;
+
+public class MapredColorCount extends Configured implements Tool {
+
+  public static class ColorCountMapper extends AvroMapper<User, Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> {
+    @Override
+    public void map(User user, AvroCollector<Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> collector, Reporter reporter)
+        throws IOException {
+      CharSequence color = user.getFavoriteColor();
+      // We need this check because the User.favorite_color field has type ["string", "null"]
+      if (color == null) {
+        color = "none";
+      }
+      collector.collect(new Pair<CharSequence, Integer>(color, 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class ColorCountReducer extends AvroReducer<CharSequence, Integer,
+                                                            Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> {
+    @Override
+    public void reduce(CharSequence key, Iterable<Integer> values,
+                       AvroCollector<Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> collector,
+                       Reporter reporter)
+        throws IOException {
+      int sum = 0;
+      for (Integer value : values) {
+        sum += value;
+      }
+      collector.collect(new Pair<CharSequence, Integer>(key, sum));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    if (args.length != 2) {
+      System.err.println("Usage: MapredColorCount <input path> <output path>");
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    JobConf conf = new JobConf(getConf(), MapredColorCount.class);
+    conf.setJobName("colorcount");
+
+    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));
+    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));
+
+    AvroJob.setMapperClass(conf, ColorCountMapper.class);
+    AvroJob.setReducerClass(conf, ColorCountReducer.class);
+
+    // Note that AvroJob.setInputSchema and AvroJob.setOutputSchema set
+    // relevant config options such as input/output format, map output
+    // classes, and output key class.
+    AvroJob.setInputSchema(conf, User.getClassSchema());
+    AvroJob.setOutputSchema(conf, Pair.getPairSchema(Schema.create(Type.STRING),
+        Schema.create(Type.INT)));
+
+    JobClient.runJob(conf);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    int res = ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), new MapredColorCount(), args);
+    System.exit(res);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+MapReduceColorCount.java:
+```java
+package example;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroKey;
+import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroValue;
+import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroJob;
+import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroKeyInputFormat;
+import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroKeyValueOutputFormat;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
+import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
+import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
+
+import example.avro.User;
+
+public class MapReduceColorCount extends Configured implements Tool {
+
+  public static class ColorCountMapper extends
+      Mapper<AvroKey<User>, NullWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
+
+    @Override
+    public void map(AvroKey<User> key, NullWritable value, Context context)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+      CharSequence color = key.datum().getFavoriteColor();
+      if (color == null) {
+        color = "none";
+      }
+      context.write(new Text(color.toString()), new IntWritable(1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class ColorCountReducer extends
+      Reducer<Text, IntWritable, AvroKey<CharSequence>, AvroValue<Integer>> {
+
+    @Override
+    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
+        Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+      int sum = 0;
+      for (IntWritable value : values) {
+        sum += value.get();
+      }
+      context.write(new AvroKey<CharSequence>(key.toString()), new AvroValue<Integer>(sum));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    if (args.length != 2) {
+      System.err.println("Usage: MapReduceColorCount <input path> <output path>");
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    Job job = new Job(getConf());
+    job.setJarByClass(MapReduceColorCount.class);
+    job.setJobName("Color Count");
+
+    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
+    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
+
+    job.setInputFormatClass(AvroKeyInputFormat.class);
+    job.setMapperClass(ColorCountMapper.class);
+    AvroJob.setInputKeySchema(job, User.getClassSchema());
+    job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
+    job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
+
+    job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
+    job.setReducerClass(ColorCountReducer.class);
+    AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+    AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+
+    return (job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    int res = ToolRunner.run(new MapReduceColorCount(), args);
+    System.exit(res);
+  }
+}
+```
+ColorCount reads in data files containing *User* records, defined in _examples/user.avsc_, and counts the number of instances of each favorite color. (This example draws inspiration from the canonical _WordCount_ MapReduce application.) This example uses the old MapReduce API. See MapReduceAvroWordCount, found under _doc/examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/_ to see the new MapReduce API example. The User schema is defined as follows:
+```json
+{"namespace": "example.avro",
+ "type": "record",
+ "name": "User",
+ "fields": [
+     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
+     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
+     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
+ ]
+}
+```
+This schema is compiled into the *User* class used by *ColorCount* via the Avro Maven plugin (see _examples/mr-example/pom.xml_ for how this is set up).
+
+*ColorCountMapper* essentially takes a *User* as input and extracts the User's favorite color, emitting the key-value pair `<favoriteColor, 1>`. _ColorCountReducer_ then adds up how many occurrences of a particular favorite color were emitted, and outputs the result as a Pair record. These Pairs are serialized to an Avro data file.
+
+## Running ColorCount
+The _ColorCount_ application is provided as a Maven project in the Avro docs under _examples/mr-example_. To build the project, including the code generation of the User schema, run:
+```shell
+mvn compile
+```
+Next, run _GenerateData_ from `examples/mr-examples` to create an Avro data file, `input/users.avro`, containing 20 Users with favorite colors chosen randomly from a list:
+```shell
+mvn exec:java -q -Dexec.mainClass=example.GenerateData
+```
+Besides creating the data file, GenerateData prints the JSON representations of the Users generated to stdout, for example:
+```json
+{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "red"}
+{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "green"}
+{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "purple"}
+{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": null}
+...
+``` 
+Now we're ready to run ColorCount. We specify our freshly-generated input folder as the input path and output as our output folder (note that MapReduce will not start a job if the output folder already exists):
+```shell
+mvn exec:java -q -Dexec.mainClass=example.MapredColorCount -Dexec.args="input output"
+```
+Once ColorCount completes, checking the contents of the new output directory should yield the following:
+```shell
+$ ls output/
+part-00000.avro  _SUCCESS
+```
+You can check the contents of the generated Avro file using the avro-tools jar:
+```shell
+$ java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-{{< avro_version >}}.jar tojson output/part-00000.avro
+{"value": 3, "key": "blue"}
+{"value": 7, "key": "green"}
+{"value": 1, "key": "none"}
+{"value": 2, "key": "orange"}
+{"value": 3, "key": "purple"}
+{"value": 2, "key": "red"}
+{"value": 2, "key": "yellow"}
+```
+Now let's go over the ColorCount example in detail.
+
+## AvroMapper - org.apache.hadoop.mapred API
+
+The easiest way to use Avro data files as input to a MapReduce job is to subclass `AvroMapper`. An `AvroMapper` defines a `map` function that takes an Avro datum as input and outputs a key/value pair represented as a Pair record. In the ColorCount example, ColorCountMapper is an AvroMapper that takes a User as input and outputs a `Pair<CharSequence, Integer>>`, where the CharSequence key is the user's favorite color and the Integer value is 1.
+```java
+public static class ColorCountMapper extends AvroMapper<User, Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> {
+  @Override
+  public void map(User user, AvroCollector<Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> collector, Reporter reporter)
+      throws IOException {
+    CharSequence color = user.getFavoriteColor();
+    // We need this check because the User.favorite_color field has type ["string", "null"]
+    if (color == null) {
+      color = "none";
+    }
+    collector.collect(new Pair<CharSequence, Integer>(color, 1));
+  }
+}
+```
+In order to use our AvroMapper, we must call AvroJob.setMapperClass and AvroJob.setInputSchema.
+```java
+AvroJob.setMapperClass(conf, ColorCountMapper.class);
+AvroJob.setInputSchema(conf, User.getClassSchema());
+```
+Note that `AvroMapper` does not implement the `Mapper` interface. Under the hood, the specified Avro data files are deserialized into AvroWrappers containing the actual data, which are processed by a Mapper that calls the configured AvroMapper's map function. AvroJob.setInputSchema sets up the relevant configuration parameters needed to make this happen, thus you should not need to call `JobConf.setMapperClass`, `JobConf.setInputFormat`, `JobConf.setMapOutputKeyClass`, `JobConf.setMapOutputValueClass`, or `JobConf.setOutputKeyComparatorClass`.
+
+## Mapper - org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce API
+This document will not go into all the differences between the mapred and mapreduce APIs, however will describe the main differences. As you can see, ColorCountMapper is now a subclass of the Hadoop Mapper class and is passed an AvroKey as it's key. Additionally, the AvroJob method calls were slightly changed.
+```java
+  public static class ColorCountMapper extends
+      Mapper<AvroKey<User>, NullWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
+
+    @Override
+    public void map(AvroKey<User> key, NullWritable value, Context context)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+      CharSequence color = key.datum().getFavoriteColor();
+      if (color == null) {
+        color = "none";
+      }
+      context.write(new Text(color.toString()), new IntWritable(1));
+    }
+  }
+```
+
+## AvroReducer - org.apache.hadoop.mapred API
+Analogously to AvroMapper, an AvroReducer defines a reducer function that takes the key/value types output by an AvroMapper (or any mapper that outputs Pairs) and outputs a key/value pair represented a Pair record. In the ColorCount example, ColorCountReducer is an AvroReducer that takes the CharSequence key representing a favorite color and the `Iterable<Integer>` representing the counts for that color (they should all be 1 in this example) and adds up the counts.
+```java
+public static class ColorCountReducer extends AvroReducer<CharSequence, Integer,
+                                                          Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> {
+  @Override
+  public void reduce(CharSequence key, Iterable<Integer> values,
+                     AvroCollector<Pair<CharSequence, Integer>> collector,
+                     Reporter reporter)
+      throws IOException {
+    int sum = 0;
+    for (Integer value : values) {
+      sum += value;
+    }
+    collector.collect(new Pair<CharSequence, Integer>(key, sum));
+  }
+}
+```
+In order to use our AvroReducer, we must call AvroJob.setReducerClass and AvroJob.setOutputSchema.
+```java
+AvroJob.setReducerClass(conf, ColorCountReducer.class);
+AvroJob.setOutputSchema(conf, Pair.getPairSchema(Schema.create(Type.STRING),
+                                                 Schema.create(Type.INT)));
+```
+Note that _AvroReducer_ does not implement the _Reducer_ interface. The intermediate Pairs output by the mapper are split into _AvroKeys_ and _AvroValues_, which are processed by a Reducer that calls the configured AvroReducer's `reduce` function. `AvroJob.setOutputSchema` sets up the relevant configuration parameters needed to make this happen, thus you should not need to call `JobConf.setReducerClass`, `JobConf.setOutputFormat`, `JobConf.setOutputKeyClass`, `JobConf.setMapOutputKeyClass`, `JobConf.setMapOutputValueClass`, or `JobConf.setOutputKeyComparatorClass`.
+
+## Reduce - org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce API
+As before we not detail every difference between the APIs. As with the _Mapper_ change _ColorCountReducer_ is now a subclass of _Reducer_ and _AvroKey_ and _AvroValue_ are emitted. Additionally, the _AvroJob_ method calls were slightly changed.
+```java
+  public static class ColorCountReducer extends
+      Reducer<Text, IntWritable, AvroKey<CharSequence>, AvroValue<Integer>> {
+
+    @Override
+    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
+        Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+      int sum = 0;
+      for (IntWritable value : values) {
+        sum += value.get();
+      }
+      context.write(new AvroKey<CharSequence>(key.toString()), new AvroValue<Integer>(sum));
+    }
+  }
+```
+
+## Learning more
+The mapred API allows users to mix Avro AvroMappers and AvroReducers with non-Avro Mappers and Reducers and the mapreduce API allows users input Avro and output non-Avro or vice versa.
+
+The mapred package has API org.apache.avro.mapred documentation as does the `org.apache.avro.mapreduce` package. MapReduce API (`org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce`). Similarily to the mapreduce package, it's possible with the mapred API to implement your own Mappers and Reducers directly using the public classes provided in these libraries. See the `AvroWordCount` application, found under _examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/AvroWordCount.java_ in the Avro documentation, for an example of implementing a Reducer that outputs Avro data using the old MapReduce API. See the `MapReduceAvroWordCount` application, found under _examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/MapReduceAvroWordCount.java_ in the Avro documentation, for an example of implementing a Reducer that outputs Avro data using the new MapReduce API.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/SASL profile/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/SASL profile/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a938310414d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/SASL profile/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+title: "SASL profile"
+linkTitle: "SASL profile"
+weight: 202
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Introduction
+SASL ([RFC 2222](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2222.txt)) provides a framework for authentication and security of network protocols. Each protocol that uses SASL is meant to define a SASL profile. This document provides a SASL profile for connection-based Avro RPC.
+
+## Overview
+SASL negotiation proceeds as a series of message interactions over a connection between a client and server using a selected SASL mechanism. The client starts this negotiation by sending its chosen mechanism name with an initial (possibly empty) message. Negotiation proceeds with the exchange of messages until either side indicates success or failure. The content of the messages is mechanism-specific. If the negotiation succeeds, then the session can proceed over the connection, otherwise it must be abandoned.
+
+Some mechanisms continue to process session data after negotiation (e.g., encrypting it), while some specify that further session data is transmitted unmodified.
+
+## Negotiation
+
+### Commands
+Avro SASL negotiation uses four one-byte commands.
+
+* 0: START Used in a client's initial message.
+* 1: CONTINUE Used while negotiation is ongoing.
+* 2: FAIL Terminates negotiation unsuccessfully.
+* 3: COMPLETE Terminates negotiation successfully.
+
+The format of a START message is:
+
+`| 0 | 4-byte mechanism name length | mechanism name | 4-byte payload length | payload data |`
+
+The format of a CONTINUE message is:
+
+`| 1 | 4-byte payload length | payload data |`
+
+The format of a FAIL message is:
+
+`| 2 | 4-byte message length | UTF-8 message |`
+
+The format of a COMPLETE message is:
+
+`| 3 | 4-byte payload length | payload data |`
+
+### Process
+Negotiation is initiated by a client sending a START command containing the client's chosen mechanism name and any mechanism-specific payload data.
+
+The server and client then interchange some number (possibly zero) of CONTINUE messages. Each message contains payload data that is processed by the security mechanism to generate the next message.
+
+Once either the client or server send a FAIL message then negotiation has failed. UTF-8-encoded text is included in the failure message. Once either a FAIL message has been sent or received, or any other error occurs in the negotiation, further communication on this connection must cease.
+
+Once either the client or server send a COMPLETE message then negotiation has completed successfully. Session data may now be transmitted over the connection until it is closed by either side.
+
+## Session Data
+If no SASL QOP (quality of protection) is negotiated, then all subsequent writes to/reads over this connection are written/read unmodified. In particular, messages use Avro [framing](#Message+Framing), and are of the form:
+
+`| 4-byte frame length | frame data | ... | 4 zero bytes |`
+
+If a SASL QOP is negotiated, then it must be used by the connection for all subsequent messages. This is done by wrapping each non-empty frame written using the security mechanism and unwrapping each non-empty frame read. The length written in each non-empty frame is the length of the wrapped data. Complete frames must be passed to the security mechanism for unwrapping. Unwrapped data is then passed to the application as the content of the frame.
+
+If at any point processing fails due to wrapping, unwrapping or framing errors, then all further communication on this connection must cease.
+
+## Anonymous Mechanism
+The SASL anonymous mechanism ([RFC 2245](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2222.txt)) is quite simple to implement. In particular, an initial anonymous request may be prefixed by the following static sequence:
+
+`| 0 | 0009 | ANONYMOUS | 0000 |`
+
+If a server uses the anonymous mechanism, it should check that the mechanism name in the start message prefixing the first request received is 'ANONYMOUS', then simply prefix its initial response with a COMPLETE message of:
+
+`| 3 | 0000 |`
+
+If an anonymous server recieves some other mechanism name, then it may respond with a FAIL message as simple as:
+
+`| 2 | 0000 |`
+
+Note that the anonymous mechanism need add no additional round-trip messages between client and server. The START message can be piggybacked on the initial request and the COMPLETE or FAIL message can be piggybacked on the initial response.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Specification/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Specification/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..75eda7b7f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/Specification/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,896 @@
+---
+title: "Specification"
+linkTitle: "Specification"
+weight: 4
+date: 2021-10-25
+aliases:
+- spec.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Introduction
+This document defines Apache Avro. It is intended to be the authoritative specification. Implementations of Avro must adhere to this document.
+
+## Schema Declaration {#schema-declaration}
+A Schema is represented in [JSON](https://www.json.org/) by one of:
+
+* A JSON string, naming a defined type.
+* A JSON object, of the form:
+```js
+{"type": "typeName", ...attributes...}
+```
+where _typeName_ is either a primitive or derived type name, as defined below. Attributes not defined in this document are permitted as metadata, but must not affect the format of serialized data.
+* A JSON array, representing a union of embedded types.
+
+## Primitive Types
+The set of primitive type names is:
+
+* _null_: no value
+* _boolean_: a binary value
+* _int_: 32-bit signed integer
+* _long_: 64-bit signed integer
+* _float_: single precision (32-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number
+* _double_: double precision (64-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number
+* _bytes_: sequence of 8-bit unsigned bytes
+* _string_: unicode character sequence
+
+Primitive types have no specified attributes.
+
+Primitive type names are also defined type names. Thus, for example, the schema "string" is equivalent to:
+```json
+{"type": "string"}
+```
+
+## Complex Types
+Avro supports six kinds of complex types: _records_, _enums_, _arrays_, _maps_, _unions_ and _fixed_.
+
+### Records {#schema-record}
+Records use the type name "record" and support the following attributes:
+
+* _name_: a JSON string providing the name of the record (required).
+* _namespace_, a JSON string that qualifies the name (optional);
+* _doc_: a JSON string providing documentation to the user of this schema (optional).
+* _aliases_: a JSON array of strings, providing alternate names for this record (optional).
+* _fields_: a JSON array, listing fields (required). Each field is a JSON object with the following attributes:
+  * _name_: a JSON string providing the name of the field (required), and
+  * _doc_: a JSON string describing this field for users (optional).
+  * _type_: a [schema]({{< ref "#schema-declaration" >}} "Schema declaration"), as defined above
+  * _order_: specifies how this field impacts sort ordering of this record (optional). Valid values are "ascending" (the default), "descending", or "ignore". For more details on how this is used, see the sort order section below.
+  * _aliases_: a JSON array of strings, providing alternate names for this field (optional).
+  * _default_: A default value for this field, only used when reading instances that lack the field for schema evolution purposes. The presence of a default value does not make the field optional at encoding time. Permitted values depend on the field's schema type, according to the table below. Default values for union fields correspond to the first schema that matches in the union. Default values for bytes and fixed fields are JSON strings, where Unicode code points 0-255 are mapped to unsigned 8-bit byte values 0-255. Avro encodes a field even if its value is equal to its default.
+
+*field default values*
+
+| **avro type** | **json type**  | **example** |
+|---------------|----------------|-------------|
+| null          | null           | `null`      |
+| boolean       | boolean        | `true`      |
+| int,long      | integer        | `1`         |
+| float,double  | number         | `1.1`       |
+| bytes         | string         | `"\u00FF"`  |
+| string        | string         | `"foo"`     |
+| record        | object         | `{"a": 1}`  |
+| enum          | string         | `"FOO"`     |
+| array         | array          | `[1]`       |
+| map           | object         | `{"a": 1}`  |
+| fixed         | string         | `"\u00ff"`  |
+
+For example, a linked-list of 64-bit values may be defined with:
+```jsonc
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "LongList",
+  "aliases": ["LinkedLongs"],                      // old name for this
+  "fields" : [
+    {"name": "value", "type": "long"},             // each element has a long
+    {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "LongList"]} // optional next element
+  ]
+}
+```
+	  
+### Enums
+Enums use the type name "enum" and support the following attributes:
+
+* _name_: a JSON string providing the name of the enum (required).
+* _namespace_, a JSON string that qualifies the name (optional);
+* _aliases_: a JSON array of strings, providing alternate names for this enum (optional).
+* _doc_: a JSON string providing documentation to the user of this schema (optional).
+* _symbols_: a JSON array, listing symbols, as JSON strings (required). All symbols in an enum must be unique; duplicates are prohibited. Every symbol must match the regular expression [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]* (the same requirement as for [names]({{< ref "#names" >}} "Names")).
+* _default_: A default value for this enumeration, used during resolution when the reader encounters a symbol from the writer that isn't defined in the reader's schema (optional). The value provided here must be a JSON string that's a member of the symbols array. See documentation on schema resolution for how this gets used.
+
+For example, playing card suits might be defined with:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "enum",
+  "name": "Suit",
+  "symbols" : ["SPADES", "HEARTS", "DIAMONDS", "CLUBS"]
+}
+```
+	  
+### Arrays
+Arrays use the type name "array" and support a single attribute:
+
+* _items_: the schema of the array's items.
+
+For example, an array of strings is declared with:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "array",
+  "items" : "string",
+  "default": []
+}
+```
+    
+### Maps
+Maps use the type name "map" and support one attribute:
+
+* _values_: the schema of the map's values.
+
+Map keys are assumed to be strings.
+
+For example, a map from string to long is declared with:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "map",
+  "values" : "long",
+  "default": {}
+}
+```
+    
+### Unions
+Unions, as mentioned above, are represented using JSON arrays. For example, `["null", "string"]` declares a schema which may be either a null or string.
+
+(Note that when a [default value]({{< ref "#schema-record" >}} "Schema record") is specified for a record field whose type is a union, the type of the default value must match with one element of the union.
+
+Unions may not contain more than one schema with the same type, except for the named types record, fixed and enum. For example, unions containing two array types or two map types are not permitted, but two types with different names are permitted. (Names permit efficient resolution when reading and writing unions.)
+
+Unions may not immediately contain other unions.
+
+### Fixed
+Fixed uses the type name "fixed" and supports the following attributes:
+
+* _name_: a string naming this fixed (required).
+* _namespace_, a string that qualifies the name (optional);
+* _aliases_: a JSON array of strings, providing alternate names for this enum (optional).
+* _size_: an integer, specifying the number of bytes per value (required).
+
+For example, 16-byte quantity may be declared with:
+```json
+{"type": "fixed", "size": 16, "name": "md5"}
+```
+
+### Names
+Record, enums and fixed are named types. Each has a fullname that is composed of two parts: a name and a namespace, separated by a dot. Equality of names is defined on the fullname &ndash; it is an error to specify two different types with the same name.
+
+Record fields and enum symbols have names as well (but no namespace). Equality of field names and enum symbols is defined within their scope (the record/enum that defines them). It is an error to define multiple fields or enum symbols with the same name in a single type. Fields and enum symbols across scopes are never equal, so field names and enum symbols can be reused in a different type.
+
+The name portion of the fullname of named types, record field names, and enum symbols must:
+
+* start with [A-Za-z_]
+* subsequently contain only [A-Za-z0-9_]
+
+A namespace is a dot-separated sequence of such names. The empty string may also be used as a namespace to indicate the null namespace. Equality of names (including field names and enum symbols) as well as fullnames is case-sensitive.
+
+The null namespace may not be used in a dot-separated sequence of names. So the grammar for a namespace is:
+```
+  <empty> | <name>[(<dot><name>)*]
+```
+
+In record, enum and fixed definitions, the fullname is determined according to the algorithm below the example:
+
+```
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "Example",
+  "doc": "A simple name (attribute) and no namespace attribute: use the null namespace (\"\"); the fullname is 'Example'.",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "inheritNull",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "enum",
+        "name": "Simple",
+        "doc": "A simple name (attribute) and no namespace attribute: inherit the null namespace of the enclosing type 'Example'. The fullname is 'Simple'.",
+        "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+      }
+    }, {
+      "name": "explicitNamespace",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "fixed",
+        "name": "Simple",
+        "namespace": "explicit",
+        "doc": "A simple name (attribute) and a namespace (attribute); the fullname is 'explicit.Simple' (this is a different type than of the 'inheritNull' field).",
+        "size": 12
+      }
+    }, {
+      "name": "fullName",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "a.full.Name",
+        "namespace": "ignored",
+        "doc": "A name attribute with a fullname, so the namespace attribute is ignored. The fullname is 'a.full.Name', and the namespace is 'a.full'.",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "inheritNamespace",
+            "type": {
+              "type": "enum",
+              "name": "Understanding",
+              "doc": "A simple name (attribute) and no namespace attribute: inherit the namespace of the enclosing type 'a.full.Name'. The fullname is 'a.full.Understanding'.",
+              "symbols": ["d", "e"]
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+The fullname of a record, enum or fixed definition is determined by the required `name` and optional `namespace` attributes like this:
+
+* A fullname is specified. If the name specified contains a dot, then it is assumed to be a fullname, and any namespace also specified is ignored. For example, use "name": "org.foo.X" to indicate the fullname org.foo.X.
+* A simple name (a name that contains no dots) and namespace are both specified. For example, one might use "name": "X", "namespace": "org.foo" to indicate the fullname org.foo.X.
+* A simple name only is specified (a name that contains no dots). In this case the namespace is taken from the most tightly enclosing named schema or protocol, and the fullname is constructed from that namespace and the name. For example, if "name": "X" is specified, and this occurs within a field of the record definition of org.foo.Y, then the fullname is org.foo.X. This also happens if there is no enclosing namespace (i.e., the enclosing schema definition has the null namespace).
+
+References to previously defined names are as in the latter two cases above: if they contain a dot they are a fullname, if they do not contain a dot, the namespace is the namespace of the enclosing definition.
+
+Primitive type names (`null`, `boolean`, `int`, `long`, `float`, `double`, `bytes`, `string`) have no namespace and their names may not be defined in any namespace.
+
+Complex types (`record`, `enum`, `array`, `map`, `fixed`) have no namespace, but their names (as well as `union`) are permitted to be reused as type names.  This can be confusing to the human reader, but is always unambiguous for binary serialization.  Due to the limitations of JSON encoding, it is a best practice to use a namespace when using these names.
+
+A schema or protocol may not contain multiple definitions of a fullname. Further, a name must be defined before it is used ("before" in the depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the JSON parse tree, where the types attribute of a protocol is always deemed to come "before" the messages attribute.)
+
+### Aliases
+Named types and fields may have aliases. An implementation may optionally use aliases to map a writer's schema to the reader's. This facilitates both schema evolution as well as processing disparate datasets.
+
+Aliases function by re-writing the writer's schema using aliases from the reader's schema. For example, if the writer's schema was named "Foo" and the reader's schema is named "Bar" and has an alias of "Foo", then the implementation would act as though "Foo" were named "Bar" when reading. Similarly, if data was written as a record with a field named "x" and is read as a record with a field named "y" with alias "x", then the implementation would act as though "x" were named "y" when reading.
+
+A type alias may be specified either as a fully namespace-qualified, or relative to the namespace of the name it is an alias for. For example, if a type named "a.b" has aliases of "c" and "x.y", then the fully qualified names of its aliases are "a.c" and "x.y".
+
+Aliases are alternative names, and thus subject to the same uniqueness constraints as names. Aliases should be valid names, but this is not required: any string is accepted as an alias. When aliases are used "to map a writer's schema to the reader's" (see above), this allows schema evolution to correct illegal names in old schemata.
+
+## Fixing an invalid, but previously accepted, schema
+Over time, rules and validations on schemas have changed. It is therefore possible that a schema used to work with an older version of Avro, but now fails to parse.
+
+This can have several reasons, as listed below. Each reason also describes a fix, which can be applied using [schema resolution]({{< ref "#schema-resolution" >}}): you fix the problems in the schema in a way that is compatible, and then you can use the new schema to read the old data.
+
+### Invalid names
+Invalid names of types and fields can be corrected by renaming (using an [alias]({{< ref "#aliases" >}})). This works for simple names, namespaces and fullnames.
+
+This fix is twofold: first, you add the invalid name as an alias to the type/field. Then, you change the name to any valid name.
+
+### Invalid defaults
+Default values are only used to fill in missing data when reading. Invalid defaults create invalid values in these cases. The fix is to correct the default values.
+
+
+## Data Serialization and Deserialization
+Binary encoded Avro data does not include type information or field names. The benefit is that the serialized data is small, but as a result a schema must always be used in order to read Avro data correctly. The best way to ensure that the schema is structurally identical to the one used to write the data is to use the exact same schema.
+
+Therefore, files or systems that store Avro data should always include the writer's schema for that data. Avro-based remote procedure call (RPC) systems must also guarantee that remote recipients of data have a copy of the schema used to write that data. In general, it is advisable that any reader of Avro data should use a schema that is the same (as defined more fully in [Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas]({{< ref "#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas" >}} "Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas")) as the schema that was used to write the data in order to deserialize it correctly. Deserializing data into a newer schema is accomplished by specifying an additional schema, the results of which are described in [Schema Resolution]({{< ref "#schema-resolution" >}}).
+
+In general, both serialization and deserialization proceed as a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the schema, serializing or deserializing primitive types as they are encountered. Therefore, it is possible, though not advisable, to read Avro data with a schema that does not have the same Parsing Canonical Form as the schema with which the data was written. In order for this to work, the serialized primitive values must be compatible, in order value by value, with the items in the deserialization schema. For example, int and long are always serialized the same way, so an int could be deserialized as a long. Since the compatibility of two schemas depends on both the data and the serialization format (eg. binary is more permissive than JSON because JSON includes field names, eg. a long that is too large will overflow an int), it is simpler and more reliable to use schemas with identical Parsing Canonical Form.
+
+### Encodings
+Avro specifies two serialization encodings: binary and JSON. Most applications will use the binary encoding, as it is smaller and faster. But, for debugging and web-based applications, the JSON encoding may sometimes be appropriate.
+
+### Binary Encoding {#binary-encoding}
+Binary encoding does not include field names, self-contained information about the types of individual bytes, nor field or record separators. Therefore readers are wholly reliant on the schema used when the data was encoded.
+
+#### Primitive Types
+Primitive types are encoded in binary as follows:
+
+* _null_ is written as zero bytes.
+* a _boolean_ is written as a single byte whose value is either 0 (false) or 1 (true).
+* _int_ and _long_ values are written using [variable-length](https://lucene.apache.org/java/3_5_0/fileformats.html#VInt) [zig-zag](https://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/encoding.html#types) coding. Some examples:
+
+| *value* | *hex* |
+|---|---|
+| 0 | 00 |
+|-1 | 01 |
+| 1 | 02 |
+|-2 | 03 |
+| 2 | 04 |
+|...|...|
+|-64 | 7f |
+|64 | 80 01|
+|...|...|
+
+* a _float_ is written as 4 bytes. The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to Java's [floatToRawIntBits](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Float.html#floatToRawIntBits-float-) and then encoded in little-endian format.
+* a _double_ is written as 8 bytes. The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to Java's [doubleToRawLongBits](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Double.html#doubleToRawLongBits-double-) and then encoded in little-endian format.
+* _bytes_ are encoded as a long followed by that many bytes of data.
+* a _string_ is encoded as a long followed by that many bytes of UTF-8 encoded character data.
+For example, the three-character string "foo" would be encoded as the long value 3 (encoded as hex 06) followed by the UTF-8 encoding of 'f', 'o', and 'o' (the hex bytes 66 6f 6f):
+```
+06 66 6f 6f
+```
+
+### Complex Types
+Complex types are encoded in binary as follows:
+
+#### Records
+A record is encoded by encoding the values of its fields in the order that they are declared. In other words, a record is encoded as just the concatenation of the encodings of its fields. Field values are encoded per their schema.
+
+For example, the record schema
+```json
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "test",
+  "fields" : [
+    {"name": "a", "type": "long"},
+    {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+  ]
+}
+```
+	    
+An instance of this record whose a field has value 27 (encoded as hex 36) and whose b field has value "foo" (encoded as hex bytes 06 66 6f 6f), would be encoded simply as the concatenation of these, namely the hex byte sequence:
+```
+36 06 66 6f 6f
+```
+
+#### Enums
+An enum is encoded by a int, representing the zero-based position of the symbol in the schema.
+
+For example, consider the enum:
+```json
+{"type": "enum", "name": "Foo", "symbols": ["A", "B", "C", "D"] }
+```
+
+This would be encoded by an int between zero and three, with zero indicating "A", and 3 indicating "D".
+
+#### Arrays
+Arrays are encoded as a series of blocks. Each block consists of a long count value, followed by that many array items. A block with count zero indicates the end of the array. Each item is encoded per the array's item schema.
+
+If a block's count is negative, its absolute value is used, and the count is followed immediately by a long block size indicating the number of bytes in the block. This block size permits fast skipping through data, e.g., when projecting a record to a subset of its fields.
+
+For example, the array schema
+```json
+{"type": "array", "items": "long"}
+```
+an array containing the items 3 and 27 could be encoded as the long value 2 (encoded as hex 04) followed by long values 3 and 27 (encoded as hex 06 36) terminated by zero:
+```
+04 06 36 00
+```
+
+The blocked representation permits one to read and write arrays larger than can be buffered in memory, since one can start writing items without knowing the full length of the array.
+
+#### Maps {#schema-maps}
+Maps are encoded as a series of _blocks_. Each block consists of a `long` _count_ value, followed by that many key/value pairs. A block with count zero indicates the end of the map. Each item is encoded per the map's value schema.
+
+If a block's count is negative, its absolute value is used, and the count is followed immediately by a `long` block size indicating the number of bytes in the block. This block size permits fast skipping through data, e.g., when projecting a record to a subset of its fields.
+
+The blocked representation permits one to read and write maps larger than can be buffered in memory, since one can start writing items without knowing the full length of the map.
+
+#### Unions
+A union is encoded by first writing an `int` value indicating the zero-based position within the union of the schema of its value. The value is then encoded per the indicated schema within the union.
+
+For example, the union schema `["null","string"]` would encode:
+
+* _null_ as zero (the index of "null" in the union):
+`00`
+* the string "a" as one (the index of "string" in the union, 1, encoded as hex 02), followed by the serialized string:
+`02 02 61`
+NOTE: Currently for C/C++ implementations, the positions are practically an int, but theoretically a long. In reality, we don't expect unions with 215M members
+
+#### Fixed
+Fixed instances are encoded using the number of bytes declared in the schema.
+
+### JSON Encoding
+Except for unions, the JSON encoding is the same as is used to encode [field default values]({{< ref "#schema-record" >}}).
+
+The value of a union is encoded in JSON as follows:
+
+* if its type is _null_, then it is encoded as a JSON _null_;
+* otherwise it is encoded as a JSON object with one name/value pair whose name is the type's name and whose value is the recursively encoded value. For Avro's named types (record, fixed or enum) the user-specified name is used, for other types the type name is used.
+
+For example, the union schema `["null","string","Foo"]`, where Foo is a record name, would encode:
+
+* _null_ as _null_;
+* the string "a" as `{"string": "a"}` and
+* a Foo instance as `{"Foo": {...}}`, where `{...}` indicates the JSON encoding of a Foo instance.
+
+Note that the original schema is still required to correctly process JSON-encoded data. For example, the JSON encoding does not distinguish between _int_ and _long_, _float_ and _double_, records and maps, enums and strings, etc.
+
+### Single-object encoding
+In some situations a single Avro serialized object is to be stored for a longer period of time. One very common example is storing Avro records for several weeks in an [Apache Kafka](https://kafka.apache.org/) topic.
+
+In the period after a schema change this persistence system will contain records that have been written with different schemas. So the need arises to know which schema was used to write a record to support schema evolution correctly. In most cases the schema itself is too large to include in the message, so this binary wrapper format supports the use case more effectively.
+
+#### Single object encoding specification
+Single Avro objects are encoded as follows:
+
+1. A two-byte marker, `C3 01`, to show that the message is Avro and uses this single-record format (version 1).
+1. The 8-byte little-endian CRC-64-AVRO [fingerprint]({{< ref "#schema-fingerprints" >}} "Schema fingerprints") of the object's schema.
+1. The Avro object encoded using [Avro's binary encoding]({{< ref "#binary-encoding" >}}).
+
+Implementations use the 2-byte marker to determine whether a payload is Avro. This check helps avoid expensive lookups that resolve the schema from a fingerprint, when the message is not an encoded Avro payload.
+
+## Sort Order
+Avro defines a standard sort order for data. This permits data written by one system to be efficiently sorted by another system. This can be an important optimization, as sort order comparisons are sometimes the most frequent per-object operation. Note also that Avro binary-encoded data can be efficiently ordered without deserializing it to objects.
+
+Data items may only be compared if they have identical schemas. Pairwise comparisons are implemented recursively with a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the schema. The first mismatch encountered determines the order of the items.
+
+Two items with the same schema are compared according to the following rules.
+
+* _null_ data is always equal.
+* _boolean_ data is ordered with false before true.
+* _int_, _long_, _float_ and _double_ data is ordered by ascending numeric value.
+* _bytes_ and fixed data are compared lexicographically by unsigned 8-bit values.
+* _string_ data is compared lexicographically by Unicode code point. Note that since UTF-8 is used as the binary encoding for strings, sorting of bytes and string binary data is identical.
+* _array_ data is compared lexicographically by element.
+* _enum_ data is ordered by the symbol's position in the enum schema. For example, an enum whose symbols are `["z", "a"]` would sort "z" values before "a" values.
+* _union_ data is first ordered by the branch within the union, and, within that, by the type of the branch. For example, an `["int", "string"]` union would order all int values before all string values, with the ints and strings themselves ordered as defined above.
+* _record_ data is ordered lexicographically by field. If a field specifies that its order is:
+    * "ascending", then the order of its values is unaltered.
+    * "descending", then the order of its values is reversed.
+    * "ignore", then its values are ignored when sorting.
+* _map_ data may not be compared. It is an error to attempt to compare data containing maps unless those maps are in an `"order":"ignore"` record field.
+
+## Object Container Files
+Avro includes a simple object container file format. A file has a schema, and all objects stored in the file must be written according to that schema, using binary encoding. Objects are stored in blocks that may be compressed. Syncronization markers are used between blocks to permit efficient splitting of files for MapReduce processing.
+
+Files may include arbitrary user-specified metadata.
+
+A file consists of:
+
+* A file header, followed by
+* one or more file data blocks.
+
+A file header consists of:
+
+* Four bytes, ASCII 'O', 'b', 'j', followed by 1.
+* file metadata, including the schema.
+*  The 16-byte, randomly-generated sync marker for this file.
+
+File metadata is written as if defined by the following [map]({{< ref "#schema-maps" >}}) schema:
+```json
+{"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}
+```
+All metadata properties that start with "avro." are reserved. The following file metadata properties are currently used:
+
+* **avro.schema** contains the schema of objects stored in the file, as JSON data (required).
+* **avro.codec** the name of the compression codec used to compress blocks, as a string. Implementations are required to support the following codecs: "null" and "deflate". If codec is absent, it is assumed to be "null". The codecs are described with more detail below.
+
+A file header is thus described by the following schema:
+```json
+{"type": "record", "name": "org.apache.avro.file.Header",
+ "fields" : [
+   {"name": "magic", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Magic", "size": 4}},
+   {"name": "meta", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}},
+   {"name": "sync", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Sync", "size": 16}}
+  ]
+}
+```
+      
+A file data block consists of:
+
+* A long indicating the count of objects in this block.
+* A long indicating the size in bytes of the serialized objects in the current block, after any codec is applied
+* The serialized objects. If a codec is specified, this is compressed by that codec.
+* The file's 16-byte sync marker.
+
+A file data block is thus described by the following schema:
+```json
+{"type": "record", "name": "org.apache.avro.file.DataBlock",
+ "fields" : [
+   {"name": "count", "type": "long"},
+   {"name": "data", "type": "bytes"},
+   {"name": "sync", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Sync", "size": 16}}
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Each block's binary data can be efficiently extracted or skipped without deserializing the contents. The combination of block size, object counts, and sync markers enable detection of corrupt blocks and help ensure data integrity.
+
+### Required Codecs
+
+_null_
+
+The "null" codec simply passes through data uncompressed.
+
+_deflate_
+
+The "deflate" codec writes the data block using the deflate algorithm as specified in [RFC 1951](https://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1951.txt), and typically implemented using the zlib library. Note that this format (unlike the "zlib format" in RFC 1950) does not have a checksum.
+
+### Optional Codecs
+_bzip2_
+
+The "bzip2" codec uses the [bzip2](https://sourceware.org/bzip2/) compression library.
+
+_snappy_
+
+The "snappy" codec uses Google's [Snappy](https://code.google.com/p/snappy/) compression library. Each compressed block is followed by the 4-byte, big-endian CRC32 checksum of the uncompressed data in the block.
+
+_xz_
+
+The "xz" codec uses the [XZ](https://tukaani.org/xz/) compression library.
+
+_zstandard_
+
+The "zstandard" codec uses Facebook's [Zstandard](https://facebook.github.io/zstd/) compression library.
+
+### Protocol Declaration
+Avro protocols describe RPC interfaces. Like schemas, they are defined with JSON text.
+
+A protocol is a JSON object with the following attributes:
+
+* _protocol_, a string, the name of the protocol (required);
+* _namespace_, an optional string that qualifies the name (optional);
+* _doc_, an optional string describing this protocol;
+* _types_, an optional list of definitions of named types (records, enums, fixed and errors). An error definition is just like a record definition except it uses "error" instead of "record". Note that forward references to named types are not permitted.
+* _messages_, an optional JSON object whose keys are message names and whose values are objects whose attributes are described below. No two messages may have the same name.
+
+The name and namespace qualification rules defined for schema objects apply to protocols as well.
+
+### Messages
+A message has attributes:
+
+* a _doc_, an optional description of the message,
+* a _request_, a list of named, typed parameter schemas (this has the same form as the fields of a record declaration);
+* a _response_ schema;
+* an optional union of declared error schemas. The effective union has "string" prepended to the declared union, to permit transmission of undeclared "system" errors. For example, if the declared error union is `["AccessError"]`, then the effective union is `["string", "AccessError"]`. When no errors are declared, the effective error union is `["string"]`. Errors are serialized using the effective union; however, a protocol's JSON declaration contains only the declared union.
+* an optional one-way boolean parameter.
+
+A request parameter list is processed equivalently to an anonymous record. Since record field lists may vary between reader and writer, request parameters may also differ between the caller and responder, and such differences are resolved in the same manner as record field differences.
+
+The one-way parameter may only be true when the response type is `"null"` and no errors are listed.
+
+### Sample Protocol
+For example, one may define a simple HelloWorld protocol with:
+```json
+{
+  "namespace": "com.acme",
+  "protocol": "HelloWorld",
+  "doc": "Protocol Greetings",
+
+  "types": [
+    {"name": "Greeting", "type": "record", "fields": [
+      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
+    {"name": "Curse", "type": "error", "fields": [
+      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]}
+  ],
+
+  "messages": {
+    "hello": {
+      "doc": "Say hello.",
+      "request": [{"name": "greeting", "type": "Greeting" }],
+      "response": "Greeting",
+      "errors": ["Curse"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+        
+## Protocol Wire Format
+
+### Message Transport
+Messages may be transmitted via different transport mechanisms.
+
+To the transport, a _message_ is an opaque byte sequence.
+
+A transport is a system that supports:
+
+* **transmission of request messages**
+* **receipt of corresponding response messages**
+Servers may send a response message back to the client corresponding to a request message. The mechanism of correspondence is transport-specific. For example, in HTTP it is implicit, since HTTP directly supports requests and responses. But a transport that multiplexes many client threads over a single socket would need to tag messages with unique identifiers.
+
+Transports may be either stateless or stateful. In a stateless transport, messaging assumes no established connection state, while stateful transports establish connections that may be used for multiple messages. This distinction is discussed further in the [handshake](#handshake) section below.
+
+#### HTTP as Transport
+When [HTTP](https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html) is used as a transport, each Avro message exchange is an HTTP request/response pair. All messages of an Avro protocol should share a single URL at an HTTP server. Other protocols may also use that URL. Both normal and error Avro response messages should use the 200 (OK) response code. The chunked encoding may be used for requests and responses, but, regardless the Avro request and response are the entire content of an HTTP request and response. The HTTP Content-Type of requests and responses should be specified as "avro/binary". Requests should be made using the POST method.
+
+HTTP is used by Avro as a stateless transport.
+
+### Message Framing
+Avro messages are _framed_ as a list of buffers.
+
+Framing is a layer between messages and the transport. It exists to optimize certain operations.
+
+The format of framed message data is:
+
+* a series of buffers, where each buffer consists of:
+    * a four-byte, big-endian _buffer length_, followed by
+    * that many bytes of _buffer_ data.
+* a message is always terminated by a zero-length buffer.
+
+Framing is transparent to request and response message formats (described below). Any message may be presented as a single or multiple buffers.
+
+Framing can permit readers to more efficiently get different buffers from different sources and for writers to more efficiently store different buffers to different destinations. In particular, it can reduce the number of times large binary objects are copied. For example, if an RPC parameter consists of a megabyte of file data, that data can be copied directly to a socket from a file descriptor, and, on the other end, it could be written directly to a file descriptor, never entering user space.
+
+A simple, recommended, framing policy is for writers to create a new segment whenever a single binary object is written that is larger than a normal output buffer. Small objects are then appended in buffers, while larger objects are written as their own buffers. When a reader then tries to read a large object the runtime can hand it an entire buffer directly, without having to copy it.
+
+### Handshake
+The purpose of the handshake is to ensure that the client and the server have each other's protocol definition, so that the client can correctly deserialize responses, and the server can correctly deserialize requests. Both clients and servers should maintain a cache of recently seen protocols, so that, in most cases, a handshake will be completed without extra round-trip network exchanges or the transmission of full protocol text.
+
+RPC requests and responses may not be processed until a handshake has been completed. With a stateless transport, all requests and responses are prefixed by handshakes. With a stateful transport, handshakes are only attached to requests and responses until a successful handshake response has been returned over a connection. After this, request and response payloads are sent without handshakes for the lifetime of that connection.
+
+The handshake process uses the following record schemas:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "HandshakeRequest", "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
+  "fields": [
+    {"name": "clientHash",
+     "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
+    {"name": "clientProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
+    {"name": "serverHash", "type": "MD5"},
+    {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
+  ]
+}
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "HandshakeResponse", "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
+  "fields": [
+    {"name": "match",
+     "type": {"type": "enum", "name": "HandshakeMatch",
+              "symbols": ["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]}},
+    {"name": "serverProtocol",
+     "type": ["null", "string"]},
+    {"name": "serverHash",
+     "type": ["null", {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}]},
+    {"name": "meta",
+     "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
+  ]
+}
+```
+        
+* A client first prefixes each request with a `HandshakeRequest` containing just the hash of its protocol and of the server's protocol (`clientHash!=null, clientProtocol=null, serverHash!=null`), where the hashes are 128-bit MD5 hashes of the JSON protocol text. If a client has never connected to a given server, it sends its hash as a guess of the server's hash, otherwise it sends the hash that it previously obtained from this server.
+The server responds with a HandshakeResponse containing one of:
+  * `match=BOTH, serverProtocol=null, serverHash=null` if the client sent the valid hash of the server's protocol and the server knows what protocol corresponds to the client's hash. In this case, the request is complete and the response data immediately follows the HandshakeResponse.
+  * `match=CLIENT, serverProtocol!=null, serverHash!=null` if the server has previously seen the client's protocol, but the client sent an incorrect hash of the server's protocol. The request is complete and the response data immediately follows the HandshakeResponse. The client must use the returned protocol to process the response and should also cache that protocol and its hash for future interactions with this server.
+  * `match=NONE` if the server has not previously seen the client's protocol. The serverHash and serverProtocol may also be non-null if the server's protocol hash was incorrect.
+In this case the client must then re-submit its request with its protocol text (`clientHash!=null, clientProtocol!=null, serverHash!=null`) and the server should respond with a successful match (match=BOTH, serverProtocol=null, serverHash=null) as above.
+
+The meta field is reserved for future handshake enhancements.
+
+### Call Format
+A _call_ consists of a request message paired with its resulting response or error message. Requests and responses contain extensible metadata, and both kinds of messages are framed as described above.
+
+The format of a call request is:
+
+* _request metadata_, a map with values of type bytes
+* the _message name_, an Avro string, followed by
+* the _message parameters_. Parameters are serialized according to the message's request declaration.
+When the empty string is used as a message name a server should ignore the parameters and return an empty response. A client may use this to ping a server or to perform a handshake without sending a protocol message.
+
+When a message is declared one-way and a stateful connection has been established by a successful handshake response, no response data is sent. Otherwise the format of the call response is:
+
+* _response metadata_, a map with values of type bytes
+* a one-byte error _flag_ boolean, followed by either:
+  * if the error flag is false, the message _response_, serialized per the message's response schema.
+  * if the error flag is true, the _error_, serialized per the message's effective error union schema.
+
+### Schema Resolution {#schema-resolution}
+A reader of Avro data, whether from an RPC or a file, can always parse that data because the original schema must be provided along with the data. However, the reader may be programmed to read data into a different schema. For example, if the data was written with a different version of the software than it is read, then fields may have been added or removed from records. This section specifies how such schema differences should be resolved.
+
+We refer to the schema used to write the data as the writer's schema, and the schema that the application expects the reader's schema. Differences between these should be resolved as follows:
+
+* It is an error if the two schemas do not _match_.
+To match, one of the following must hold:
+  * both schemas are arrays whose item types match
+  * both schemas are maps whose value types match
+  * both schemas are enums whose (unqualified) names match
+  * both schemas are fixed whose sizes and (unqualified) names match
+  * both schemas are records with the same (unqualified) name
+  * either schema is a union
+  * both schemas have same primitive type
+  * the writer's schema may be promoted to the reader's as follows:
+    * int is promotable to long, float, or double
+    * long is promotable to float or double
+    * float is promotable to double
+    * string is promotable to bytes
+    * bytes is promotable to string
+* **if both are records**:
+  * the ordering of fields may be different: fields are matched by name.
+  * schemas for fields with the same name in both records are resolved recursively.
+  * if the writer's record contains a field with a name not present in the reader's record, the writer's value for that field is ignored.
+  * if the reader's record schema has a field that contains a default value, and writer's schema does not have a field with the same name, then the reader should use the default value from its field.
+  * if the reader's record schema has a field with no default value, and writer's schema does not have a field with the same name, an error is signalled.
+* **if both are enums**:
+if the writer's symbol is not present in the reader's enum and the reader has a default value, then that value is used, otherwise an error is signalled.
+
+* **if both are arrays**:
+This resolution algorithm is applied recursively to the reader's and writer's array item schemas.
+
+* **if both are maps**:
+This resolution algorithm is applied recursively to the reader's and writer's value schemas.
+
+* **if both are unions**:
+The first schema in the reader's union that matches the selected writer's union schema is recursively resolved against it. if none match, an error is signalled.
+
+* **if reader's is a union, but writer's is not**
+The first schema in the reader's union that matches the writer's schema is recursively resolved against it. If none match, an error is signalled.
+
+* **if writer's is a union, but reader's is not**
+If the reader's schema matches the selected writer's schema, it is recursively resolved against it. If they do not match, an error is signalled.
+
+A schema's _doc_ fields are ignored for the purposes of schema resolution. Hence, the _doc_ portion of a schema may be dropped at serialization.
+
+### Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas {#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas}
+One of the defining characteristics of Avro is that a reader must use the schema used by the writer of the data in order to know how to read the data. This assumption results in a data format that's compact and also amenable to many forms of schema evolution. However, the specification so far has not defined what it means for the reader to have the "same" schema as the writer. Does the schema need to be textually identical? Well, clearly adding or removing some whitespace to a JSON expression does not change its meaning. At the same time, reordering the fields of records clearly does change the meaning. So what does it mean for a reader to have "the same" schema as a writer?
+
+Parsing Canonical Form is a transformation of a writer's schema that let's us define what it means for two schemas to be "the same" for the purpose of reading data written against the schema. It is called Parsing Canonical Form because the transformations strip away parts of the schema, like "doc" attributes, that are irrelevant to readers trying to parse incoming data. It is called Canonical Form because the transformations normalize the JSON text (such as the order of attributes) in a way that eliminates unimportant differences between schemas. If the Parsing Canonical Forms of two different schemas are textually equal, then those schemas are "the same" as far as any reader is concerned, i.e., there is no serialized data that would allow a reader to distinguish data generated by a writer using one of the original schemas from data generated by a writing using the other original schema. (We sketch a proof of this property in a companion document.)
+
+The next subsection specifies the transformations that define Parsing Canonical Form. But with a well-defined canonical form, it can be convenient to go one step further, transforming these canonical forms into simple integers ("fingerprints") that can be used to uniquely identify schemas. The subsection after next recommends some standard practices for generating such fingerprints.
+
+#### Transforming into Parsing Canonical Form
+Assuming an input schema (in JSON form) that's already UTF-8 text for a _valid_ Avro schema (including all quotes as required by JSON), the following transformations will produce its Parsing Canonical Form:
+
+* [PRIMITIVES] Convert primitive schemas to their simple form (e.g., int instead of `{"type":"int"}`).
+* [FULLNAMES] Replace short names with fullnames, using applicable namespaces to do so. Then eliminate namespace attributes, which are now redundant.
+* [STRIP] Keep only attributes that are relevant to parsing data, which are: _type_, _name_, _fields_, _symbols_, _items_, _values_, _size_. Strip all others (e.g., _doc_ and _aliases_).
+* [ORDER] Order the appearance of fields of JSON objects as follows: _name_, _type_, _fields_, _symbols_, _items_, _values_, _size_. For example, if an object has _type_, _name_, and _size_ fields, then the _name_ field should appear first, followed by the _type_ and then the _size_ fields.
+* [STRINGS] For all JSON string literals in the schema text, replace any escaped characters (e.g., \uXXXX escapes) with their UTF-8 equivalents.
+* [INTEGERS] Eliminate quotes around and any leading zeros in front of JSON integer literals (which appear in the _size_ attributes of _fixed_ schemas).
+* [WHITESPACE] Eliminate all whitespace in JSON outside of string literals.
+
+#### Schema Fingerprints {#schema-fingerprints}
+"[A] fingerprinting algorithm is a procedure that maps an arbitrarily large data item (such as a computer file) to a much shorter bit string, its fingerprint, that uniquely identifies the original data for all practical purposes" (quoted from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_(computing))). In the Avro context, fingerprints of Parsing Canonical Form can be useful in a number of applications; for example, to cache encoder and decoder objects, to tag data items with a short substitute for the writer's full schema, and to quickly negotiate common-case schemas between readers and writers.
+
+In designing fingerprinting algorithms, there is a fundamental trade-off between the length of the fingerprint and the probability of collisions. To help application designers find appropriate points within this trade-off space, while encouraging interoperability and ease of implementation, we recommend using one of the following three algorithms when fingerprinting Avro schemas:
+
+* When applications can tolerate longer fingerprints, we recommend using the [SHA-256 digest algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2) to generate 256-bit fingerprints of Parsing Canonical Forms. Most languages today have SHA-256 implementations in their libraries.
+* At the opposite extreme, the smallest fingerprint we recommend is a 64-bit [Rabin fingerprint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabin_fingerprint). Below, we provide pseudo-code for this algorithm that can be easily translated into any programming language. 64-bit fingerprints should guarantee uniqueness for schema caches of up to a million entries (for such a cache, the chance of a collision is 3E-8). We don't recommend shorter fingerprints, as the chances of collisions is too great (for example, with 32-bit fingerprints, a cache with as few as 100,000 schemas has a 50% chance of having a collision).
+* Between these two extremes, we recommend using the [MD5 message digest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5) to generate 128-bit fingerprints. These make sense only where very large numbers of schemas are being manipulated (tens of millions); otherwise, 64-bit fingerprints should be sufficient. As with SHA-256, MD5 implementations are found in most libraries today.
+
+These fingerprints are not meant to provide any security guarantees, even the longer SHA-256-based ones. Most Avro applications should be surrounded by security measures that prevent attackers from writing random data and otherwise interfering with the consumers of schemas. We recommend that these surrounding mechanisms be used to prevent collision and pre-image attacks (i.e., "forgery") on schema fingerprints, rather than relying on the security properties of the fingerprints themselves.
+
+Rabin fingerprints are [cyclic redundancy checks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check) computed using irreducible polynomials. In the style of the Appendix of [RFC 1952](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.txt) (pg 10), which defines the CRC-32 algorithm, here's our definition of the 64-bit AVRO fingerprinting algorithm:
+```java
+long fingerprint64(byte[] buf) {
+  if (FP_TABLE == null) initFPTable();
+  long fp = EMPTY;
+  for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++)
+    fp = (fp >>> 8) ^ FP_TABLE[(int)(fp ^ buf[i]) & 0xff];
+  return fp;
+}
+
+static long EMPTY = 0xc15d213aa4d7a795L;
+static long[] FP_TABLE = null;
+
+void initFPTable() {
+  FP_TABLE = new long[256];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+    long fp = i;
+    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+      fp = (fp >>> 1) ^ (EMPTY & -(fp & 1L));
+    FP_TABLE[i] = fp;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Readers interested in the mathematics behind this algorithm may want to read [Chapter 14 of the Second Edition of Hacker's Delight](https://books.google.com/books?id=XD9iAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA319). (Unlike RFC-1952 and the book chapter, we prepend a single one bit to messages. We do this because CRCs ignore leading zero bits, which can be problematic. Our code prepends a one-bit by initializing fingerprints using EMPTY, rather than initializing using zero as in RFC-1952 and the book chapter.)
+
+## Logical Types
+A logical type is an Avro primitive or complex type with extra attributes to represent a derived type. The attribute `logicalType` must always be present for a logical type, and is a string with the name of one of the logical types listed later in this section. Other attributes may be defined for particular logical types.
+
+A logical type is always serialized using its underlying Avro type so that values are encoded in exactly the same way as the equivalent Avro type that does not have a `logicalType` attribute. Language implementations may choose to represent logical types with an appropriate native type, although this is not required.
+
+Language implementations must ignore unknown logical types when reading, and should use the underlying Avro type. If a logical type is invalid, for example a decimal with scale greater than its precision, then implementations should ignore the logical type and use the underlying Avro type.
+
+### Decimal
+The `decimal` logical type represents an arbitrary-precision signed decimal number of the form _unscaled × 10<sup>-scale</sup>_.
+
+A `decimal` logical type annotates Avro _bytes_ or _fixed_ types. The byte array must contain the two's-complement representation of the unscaled integer value in big-endian byte order. The scale is fixed, and is specified using an attribute.
+
+The following attributes are supported:
+
+* _scale_, a JSON integer representing the scale (optional). If not specified the scale is 0.
+* _precision_, a JSON integer representing the (maximum) precision of decimals stored in this type (required).
+For example, the following schema represents decimal numbers with a maximum precision of 4 and a scale of 2:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "bytes",
+  "logicalType": "decimal",
+  "precision": 4,
+  "scale": 2
+}
+```
+Precision must be a positive integer greater than zero. If the underlying type is a _fixed_, then the precision is limited by its size. An array of length n can store at most _floor(log<sub>10</sub>(2<sup>8 × n - 1</sup> - 1))_ base-10 digits of precision.
+
+Scale must be zero or a positive integer less than or equal to the precision.
+
+For the purposes of schema resolution, two schemas that are `decimal` logical types _match_ if their scales and precisions match.
+
+**alternative**
+
+As it's not always possible to fix scale and precision in advance for a decimal field, `big-decimal` is another `decimal` logical type restrict to Avro _bytes_.
+
+_Currently only available in Java and Rust_.
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "bytes",
+  "logicalType": "big-decimal"
+}
+```
+Here, as scale property is stored in value itself it needs more bytes than preceding `decimal` type, but it allows more flexibility.
+
+### UUID
+
+The `uuid` logical type represents a random generated universally unique identifier (UUID).
+
+A `uuid` logical type annotates an Avro `string` or `fixed` of length 16. Both the string and `fixed` byte layout have to conform with [RFC-4122](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt).
+
+The following schemas represent a uuid:
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "string",
+  "logicalType": "uuid"
+}
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "fixed",
+  "size": 16,
+  "logicalType": "uuid"
+}
+```
+
+### Date
+The `date` logical type represents a date within the calendar, with no reference to a particular time zone or time of day.
+
+A `date` logical type annotates an Avro `int`, where the int stores the number of days from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 (ISO calendar).
+
+The following schema represents a date:
+```json
+{
+  "type": "int",
+  "logicalType": "date"
+}
+```
+
+### Time (millisecond precision) {#time_ms}
+The `time-millis` logical type represents a time of day, with no reference to a particular calendar, time zone or date, with a precision of one millisecond.
+
+A `time-millis` logical type annotates an Avro `int`, where the int stores the number of milliseconds after midnight, 00:00:00.000.
+
+### Time (microsecond precision)
+The `time-micros` logical type represents a time of day, with no reference to a particular calendar, time zone or date, with a precision of one microsecond.
+
+A `time-micros` logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of microseconds after midnight, 00:00:00.000000.
+
+### Timestamps {#timestamps}
+
+The `timestamp-{millis,micros,nanos}` logical type represents an instant on the global timeline, independent of a particular time zone or calendar. Upon reading a value back, we can only reconstruct the instant, but not the original representation. In practice, such timestamps are typically displayed to users in their local time zones, therefore they may be displayed differently depending on the execution environment.
+
+- `timestamp-millis`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of milliseconds from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000.
+- `timestamp-micros`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of microseconds from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000.
+- `timestamp-nanos`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of nanoseconds from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000000.
+
+Example: Given an event at noon local time (12:00) on January 1, 2000, in Helsinki where the local time was two hours east of UTC (UTC+2). The timestamp is first shifted to UTC 2000-01-01T10:00:00 and that is then converted to Avro long 946720800000 (milliseconds) and written.
+
+### Local Timestamps {#local_timestamp}
+
+The `local-timestamp-{millis,micros,nanos}` logical type represents a timestamp in a local timezone, regardless of what specific time zone is considered local.
+
+- `local-timestamp-millis`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of milliseconds, from 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000.
+- `local-timestamp-micros`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of microseconds, from 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000.
+- `local-timestamp-nanos`: logical type annotates an Avro `long`, where the long stores the number of nanoseconds, from 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000000.
+
+Example: Given an event at noon local time (12:00) on January 1, 2000, in Helsinki where the local time was two hours east of UTC (UTC+2). The timestamp is converted to Avro long 946728000000 (milliseconds) and then written.
+
+### Duration
+The `duration` logical type represents an amount of time defined by a number of months, days and milliseconds. This is not equivalent to a number of milliseconds, because, depending on the moment in time from which the duration is measured, the number of days in the month and number of milliseconds in a day may differ. Other standard periods such as years, quarters, hours and minutes can be expressed through these basic periods.
+
+A `duration` logical type annotates Avro `fixed` type of size 12, which stores three little-endian unsigned integers that represent durations at different granularities of time. The first stores a number in months, the second stores a number in days, and the third stores a number in milliseconds.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..13b815d86ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+title: "Apache Avro™ ++version++ Documentation"
+linkTitle: "++version++"
+type: docs
+weight: 10
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Introduction
+
+Apache Avro™ is a data serialization system.
+
+Avro provides:
+
+* Rich data structures.
+* A compact, fast, binary data format.
+* A container file, to store persistent data.
+* Remote procedure call (RPC).
+* Simple integration with dynamic languages. Code generation is not required to read or write data files nor to use or implement RPC protocols. Code generation as an optional optimization, only worth implementing for statically typed languages.
+
+## Schemas
+
+Avro relies on schemas. When Avro data is read, the schema used when writing it is always present. This permits each datum to be written with no per-value overheads, making serialization both fast and small. This also facilitates use with dynamic, scripting languages, since data, together with its schema, is fully self-describing.
+
+When Avro data is stored in a file, its schema is stored with it, so that files may be processed later by any program. If the program reading the data expects a different schema this can be easily resolved, since both schemas are present.
+
+When Avro is used in RPC, the client and server exchange schemas in the connection handshake. (This can be optimized so that, for most calls, no schemas are actually transmitted.) Since both client and server both have the other's full schema, correspondence between same named fields, missing fields, extra fields, etc. can all be easily resolved.
+
+Avro schemas are defined with JSON . This facilitates implementation in languages that already have JSON libraries.
+
+## Comparison with other systems
+
+Avro provides functionality similar to systems such as [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/), [Protocol Buffers](https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/), etc. Avro differs from these systems in the following fundamental aspects.
+
+* Dynamic typing: Avro does not require that code be generated. Data is always accompanied by a schema that permits full processing of that data without code generation, static datatypes, etc. This facilitates construction of generic data-processing systems and languages.
+* Untagged data: Since the schema is present when data is read, considerably less type information need be encoded with data, resulting in smaller serialization size.
+* No manually-assigned field IDs: When a schema changes, both the old and new schema are always present when processing data, so differences may be resolved symbolically, using field names.
+
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c++.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c++.md
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index 00000000000..4382750a46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c++.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "C++ API"
+linkTitle: "C++ API"
+weight: 102
+manualLink: /docs/++version++/api/cpp/html/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The C++ API documentation can be found <a href="/docs/++version++/api/cpp/html/">here</a>.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..79a5209e526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-c.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "C API"
+linkTitle: "C API"
+weight: 101
+manualLink: /docs/++version++/api/c/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The C API documentation can be found <a href="/docs/++version++/api/c/">here</a>.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-csharp.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-csharp.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfad0d1e343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-csharp.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "C# API"
+linkTitle: "C# API"
+weight: 103
+manualLink: /docs/++version++/api/csharp/html/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The C# API documentation can be found <a href="/docs/++version++/api/csharp/html/">here</a>.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-java.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-java.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12d743567df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-java.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Java API"
+linkTitle: "Java API"
+weight: 100
+manualLink: /docs/++version++/api/java/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Javadocs can be found <a href="/docs/++version++/api/java/">here</a>.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-py.md b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-py.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb4f4ba13b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/++version++/api-py.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Python API"
+linkTitle: "Python API"
+weight: 104
+manualLink: /docs/++version++/api/py/html/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+The Python API documentation can be found <a href="/docs/++version++/api/py/html/">here</a>.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/docs/_index.md b/doc/content/en/docs/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..541db8d6b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/docs/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+
+---
+title: "Documentation"
+linkTitle: "Documentation"
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Introduction
+
+Apache Avro™ is a data serialization system.
+
+Avro provides:
+
+* Rich data structures.
+* A compact, fast, binary data format.
+* A container file, to store persistent data.
+* Remote procedure call (RPC).
+* Simple integration with dynamic languages. Code generation is not required to read or write data files nor to use or implement RPC protocols. Code generation as an optional optimization, only worth implementing for statically typed languages.
+
+## Schemas
+
+Avro relies on schemas. When Avro data is read, the schema used when writing it is always present. This permits each datum to be written with no per-value overheads, making serialization both fast and small. This also facilitates use with dynamic, scripting languages, since data, together with its schema, is fully self-describing.
+
+When Avro data is stored in a file, its schema is stored with it, so that files may be processed later by any program. If the program reading the data expects a different schema this can be easily resolved, since both schemas are present.
+
+When Avro is used in RPC, the client and server exchange schemas in the connection handshake. (This can be optimized so that, for most calls, no schemas are actually transmitted.) Since both client and server both have the other's full schema, correspondence between same named fields, missing fields, extra fields, etc. can all be easily resolved.
+
+Avro schemas are defined with JSON . This facilitates implementation in languages that already have JSON libraries.
+
+## Comparison with other systems
+
+Avro provides functionality similar to systems such as [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/), [Protocol Buffers](https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/), etc. Avro differs from these systems in the following fundamental aspects.
+
+* Dynamic typing: Avro does not require that code be generated. Data is always accompanied by a schema that permits full processing of that data without code generation, static datatypes, etc. This facilitates construction of generic data-processing systems and languages.
+* Untagged data: Since the schema is present when data is read, considerably less type information need be encoded with data, resulting in smaller serialization size.
+* No manually-assigned field IDs: When a schema changes, both the old and new schema are always present when processing data, so differences may be resolved symbolically, using field names.
+
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Articles/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Articles/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..e30d9ef1d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Articles/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+---
+title: "Articles"
+linkTitle: "Articles"
+weight: 4
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+--> 
+** **
+
+**Guide to Apache Avro**  
+Feb 19, 2023, by baeldung.
+
+https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-avro
+
+** **
+
+**Apache Avro IDL Schema Support**,   
+Apr 11, 2022, by Oscar Westra van Holthe - Kind.
+
+https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/15728-apache-avro-idl-schema-support
+
+** **
+
+**Generate random JSON data from an AVRO schema using Java**,    
+Jan 24, 2022, by Maarten Smeets.
+
+https://technology.amis.nl/soa/kafka/generate-random-json-data-from-an-avro-schema-using-java/
+
+** **
+
+**A Gentle (and Practical) Introduction to Apache Avro**,   
+Dec 22, 2020, by Anton Rodriguez.
+
+https://dzone.com/articles/gentle-and-practical-introduction-to-apache-avro-part-1
+
+** **
+
+**Apache Avro – A data serialization system**  
+Dec 09, 2018, by Dennis Vriend.
+
+https://binx.io/2018/12/09/apache-avro/
+
+** **
+
+**Introduction to Apache Avro**  
+Mar 12, 2016, by Bartosz Konieczny.
+
+https://www.waitingforcode.com/apache-avro/introduction-to-apache-avro/read
+
+** **
+
+**Reading and Writing Avro Files from the Command Line**,    
+Mar 17, 2013, by Michael G. Noll.
+
+https://www.michael-noll.com/blog/2013/03/17/reading-and-writing-avro-files-from-the-command-line/
+
+** **
+
+**Using Apache Avro**     
+Jan 25, 2011, by Boris Lublinsky.
+
+https://www.infoq.com/articles/ApacheAvro/
+
+
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Committer onboarding guide/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Committer onboarding guide/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..eb865a42ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Committer onboarding guide/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+title: "Committer onboarding guide"
+linkTitle: "Committer onboarding guide"
+weight: 7
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+--> 
+** **
+For you, the new committer:
+
+1. File your ICLA and send it to secretary@apache.org
+2. Log in to https://whimsy.apache.org; that will confirm a working ASF account
+3. You can edit email routing for the account, and add other emails that you own
+4. You can directly edit mailing list subscriptions (for example, you might switch them to your ASF account - you can still post from any of your registered emails)
+5. Link your GitHub account with your ASF account at https://gitbox.apache.org/ once you see the big green "Merge" button on pull requests, this is working
+7. Read the ASF new committer guide: https://www.apache.org/dev/new-committers-guide.html
+
+** **
+
+A committer in JIRA can add a new contributor by following these steps:
+
+1. Log in to JIRA with your committer credentials.
+2. Navigate to the project where you want to add the new contributor.
+3. Click on the "People" tab at the top of the page.
+4. Click on the "Add People" button.
+5. Enter the email address of the new contributor in the "Email Address" field.
+6. Select the appropriate role for the new contributor from the "Role" dropdown menu.
+7. Click the "Add" button to add the new contributor to the project.
+8. An email will be sent to the new contributor asking them to accept the invitation to join the project.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Contributors onboarding guide/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Contributors onboarding guide/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e53b136c681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Contributors onboarding guide/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "Contributor onboarding guide"
+linkTitle: "Contributor onboarding guide"
+weight: 8
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+--> 
+
+
+1. Familiarize yourself with Apache Avro: Before you start contributing to Apache Avro, it's essential to have a good understanding of what Apache Avro is and how it works. You can start by reading the Apache Avro documentation to get an overview of the project's features, use cases, and architecture.
+
+2. Join the Apache Avro community: Join the Apache Avro mailing lists, IRC channels, and forums to interact with other contributors and users. You can ask questions, discuss ideas, and get feedback on your contributions from experienced contributors.
+3. Set up your development environment: To contribute to Apache Avro, you need to set up your development environment. The Apache Avro project uses Git for version control, and Apache Maven for building. You can follow the instructions in the Apache Avro documentation to set up your environment.
+4. Choose a contribution: Apache Avro is an open-source project, and there are always new features, bug fixes, and improvements that can be made. You can choose from a wide range of contributions, from documentation updates to code changes.
+5. Review existing issues and pull requests: Before you start working on a contribution, it's important to review existing issues and pull requests to avoid duplicating efforts. You can use the Apache Avro issue tracker to search for issues and pull requests related to your contribution.
+6. Create a new issue or pull request: If you can't find an existing issue or pull request related to your contribution, you can create a new one. Make sure to provide detailed information about your contribution, including a description of the problem, proposed solution, and any relevant code changes.
+7. Work on your contribution: Once you have a clear understanding of the contribution you want to make, you can start working on it. Make sure to follow the Apache Avro coding guidelines and best practices to ensure that your code is of high quality.
+8. Submit your contribution: When you're ready to submit your contribution, create a pull request in the Apache Avro GitHub repository. Make sure to include a detailed description of your changes, and any relevant documentation or test cases.
+9. Participate in reviews: Once you've submitted your contribution, it will be reviewed by other contributors. You may need to make additional changes based on their feedback before your contribution is accepted.
+Celebrate your contribution: Once your contribution has been accepted, celebrate your achievement! You've helped improve Apache Avro and contributed to the open-source community.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Credits/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Credits/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b3f892115b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Credits/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "Credits"
+linkTitle: "Credits"
+weight: 2
+aliases:
+- /credits.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Apache Avro credits
+
+### Committers
+
+Apache Avro's active committers are:
+
+| **username** |       **name**      |     **organization**    |       **roles**        | **timezone** |
+|:-------------|:--------------------|:------------------------|:----------------------:|:------------:|
+|  blue        | Ryan Blue           | Netflix                 | spec, java, ruby       |   -8 |
+|  brucem      | Bruce Mitchener     | Army of Bruce           | c                      |   +7 |
+|  busbey      | Sean Busbey         | Cloudera                | java, ruby             |   -6 |
+|  cutting     | Doug Cutting        | Cloudera                | spec, java             |   -8 |
+|  dcreager    | Douglas Creager     | RedJack, LLC            | c                      |   -5 |
+|  hammer      | Jeff Hammerbacher   | Cloudera                | python                 |   -8 |
+|  iemejia     | Ismaël Mejía        | Talend                  | java, docker           |   +1 |
+|  kojiromike  | Michael A. Smith    | Independent             | python, docker         |   -5 |
+|  massie      | Matt Massie         | UC Berkeley             | c                      |   -8 |
+|  martinkl    | Martin Kleppmann    | University of Cambridge | c, ruby                |    0 |
+|  mgrigorov   | Martin Grigorov     | Huawei                  | rust                   |   +2 |
+|  nielsbasjes | Niels Basjes        | Bol.com                 | java, docker           |   +1 |
+|  philz       | Philip Zeyliger     | Cloudera                | java                   |   -8 |
+|  rskraba     | Ryan Skraba         | Talend                  | java, docker           |   +1 |
+|  sbanacho    | Scott Banachowski   | Microsoft               | c++                    |   -8 |
+|  scottcarey  | Scott Carey         | RichRelevance           | java                   |   -8 |
+|  sekikn      | Kengo Seki          | NTT Data                | perl, interoperability |   +9 |
+|  sharadag    | Sharad Agarwal      | InMobi                  | python                 | +5.5 |
+|  thiru       | Thiruvalluvan M. G. | VertiCloud              | java                   | +5.5 |
+|  tjwp        | Tim Perkins         | Shopify                 | ruby                   |   -5 |
+|  tomwhite    | Tom White           | Cloudera                | java                   |    0 |
+-------------
+
+### Contributors
+A list of Avro contributors and their contributions is available from [Jira](http://s.apache.org/AvroFixed)
+
+### Emeriti
+Contributors who are no longer active on Avro are:
+
+* None
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Donate/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Donate/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..c87561fefc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Donate/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Donate"
+linkTitle: "Donate"
+weight: 13
+manualLink: https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+If you would like to donate please see the Apache Software Foundation [donation program](https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html)
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Download/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Download/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..eff8aa3e621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Download/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+title: "Download"
+linkTitle: "Download"
+weight: 1
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Download
+Releases may be downloaded from Apache mirrors: [Download](https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/avro/)
+
+The latest release is: Avro {{< avro_version >}} (3.4M, source, [pgp](https://downloads.apache.org/avro/avro-{{< avro_version >}}/avro-src-{{< avro_version >}}.tar.gz.asc), [sha512](https://downloads.apache.org/avro/avro-{{< avro_version >}}/avro-src-{{< avro_version >}}.tar.gz.sha512))
+
+* C#: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro/{{< avro_version >}}
+* Java: from Maven Central,
+* Javascript: https://www.npmjs.com/package/avro-js/v/{{< avro_version >}}
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/release/Avro
+* Python 3: https://pypi.org/project/avro/{{< avro_version >}}
+* Ruby: https://rubygems.org/gems/avro/versions/{{< avro_version >}}
+
+
+## Release Notes
+Release notes for Avro releases are available in [Jira](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO?report=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.project:changelog-panel#selectedTab=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.project%3Achangelog-panel)
+
+##Verifying a release
+It is essential that you verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signatures or SHA512 checksums. Please read [How to verify downloaded](https://www.apache.org/info/verification.html) files for more information on why you should verify our releases.
+
+The PGP signatures can be verified using PGP or GPG. First download the [KEYS](https://downloads.apache.org/avro/KEYS) file as well as the .asc signature files for the relevant release packages. Make sure you get these files from the main distribution directory, rather than from a mirror. Then verify the signatures using:
+
+```shell
+% gpg --import KEYS
+% gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file
+```
+
+or
+
+```shell
+% pgpk -a KEYS
+% pgpv downloaded_file.asc
+```
+
+or
+
+```shell
+% pgp -ka KEYS
+% pgp downloaded_file.asc
+```
+Alternatively, you can verify the hash on the file.
+
+Hashes can be calculated using GPG:
+```shell
+% gpg --print-md SHA256 downloaded_file
+```
+The output should be compared with the contents of the SHA256 file. Similarly for other hashes (SHA512, SHA1, MD5 etc) which may be provided.
+
+Windows 7 and later systems should all now have certUtil:
+```shell
+% certUtil -hashfile pathToFileToCheck
+```
+HashAlgorithm choices: _MD2 MD4 MD5 SHA1 SHA256 SHA384 SHA512_
+
+Unix-like systems (and macOS) will have a utility called _md5_, _md5sum_ or _shasum_.
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Events/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Events/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..7d8646283f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Events/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: "Events"
+linkTitle: "Events"
+weight: 12
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro members often participate in events organized by the [Apache Software Foundation](https://www.apache.org/events/current-event.html)
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/How to contribute/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/How to contribute/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..6514d7c3627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/How to contribute/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+---
+title: "How to contribute"
+linkTitle: "How to contribute"
+weight: 5
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+## Getting the source code
+
+First of all, you need the Avro source code.
+
+The easiest way is to clone or fork the GitHub mirror:
+
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/apache/avro.git -o github
+```
+
+## Making Changes
+
+Before you start, file an issue in [JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO) or discuss your ideas on the [Avro developer mailing list](http://avro.apache.org/mailing_lists.html). Describe your proposed changes and check that they fit in with what others are doing and have planned for the project. Be patient, it may take folks a while to understand your requirements.
+
+Modify the source code and add some (very) nice features using your favorite IDE.
+
+But take care about the following points
+
+**All Languages**
+- Contributions should pass existing unit tests.
+- Contributions should document public facing APIs.
+- Contributions should add new tests to demonstrate bug fixes or test new features.
+
+**Java**
+
+- All public classes and methods should have informative [Javadoc comments](https://www.oracle.com/fr/technical-resources/articles/java/javadoc-tool.html).
+- Do not use @author tags.
+- Java code should be formatted according to [Oracle's conventions](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/codeconventions-introduction.html), with one exception:
+  - Indent two spaces per level, not four.
+- [JUnit](http://www.junit.org/) is our test framework:
+- You must implement a class whose class name starts with Test.
+- Define methods within your class and tag them with the @Test annotation. Call JUnit's many assert methods to verify conditions; these methods will be executed when you run mvn test.
+- By default, do not let tests write any temporary files to /tmp. Instead, the tests should write to the location specified by the test.dir system property.
+- Place your class in the src/test/java/ tree.
+- You can run all the unit tests with the command mvn test, or you can run a specific unit test with the command mvn -Dtest=<class name, fully qualified or short name> test (for example mvn -Dtest=TestFoo test)
+
+
+## Code Style (Autoformatting)
+
+For Java code we use [Spotless](https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/) to format the code to comply with Avro's code style conventions (see above). Automatic formatting relies on [Avro's Eclipse JDT formatter definition](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/lang/java/eclipse-java-formatter.xml). You can use the same definition to auto format from Eclipse or from IntelliJ configuring the Eclipse formatter plugin.
+
+If you use maven code styles issues are checked at the compile phase. If your code breaks because of bad formatting, you can format it automatically by running the command:
+```shell
+mvn spotless:apply
+```
+
+## Unit Tests
+
+Please make sure that all unit tests succeed before constructing your patch and that no new compiler warnings are introduced by your patch. Each language has its own directory and test process.
+
+<details><summary>Java</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/java
+mvn clean test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>Python</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/py
+./setup.py build test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary><a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/">Rust</a></summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/rust
+./build.sh clean test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>C#</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/csharp
+./build.sh clean test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>C</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/c
+./build.sh clean
+./build.sh test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>C++</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/c++
+./build.sh clean test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>Ruby</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/ruby
+gem install echoe
+rake clean test
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary>PHP</summary>
+
+```shell
+cd avro-trunk/lang/php
+./build.sh clean
+./build.sh test
+```
+</details>
+
+
+## Contributing your code
+
+Contribution can be made directly via github with a Pull Request, or via a patch.
+
+**Via Github**
+
+Method is to create a [pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/).
+
+On your fork, create a branch named with JIRA (avro-1234_fixNpe for example) 
+On source, go to it
+```shell
+git pull
+git switch avro-1234_fixNpe
+```
+
+code your changes (following preceding recommendations)
+
+check and add updated sources
+```shell
+git status
+
+# Add any new or changed files with:
+git add src/.../MyNewClass.java
+git add src/.../TestMyNewClass.java
+```
+
+Finally, create a commit with your changes and a good log message, and push it:
+```shell
+git commit -m "AVRO-1234: Fix NPE by adding check to ..."
+git push
+```
+On your github fork site, a button will propose you to build the Pull Request.
+Click on it, fill Conversation form, and create it.
+Link this PR to the corresponding JIRA ticket (on JIRA ticket, add PR to "Issue Links" chapter, and add label 'pull-request-available' to it .
+
+<!--  TODO: Fix formatting and decide whether this should be included in this section, moved to another section
+<details><summary><b>Via Patch</b> (if you don't have github account)</summary>
+<blockquote>
+<details><summary><b>Clone avro repository</b></summary> 
+
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/apache/avro.git -o github
+```
+</details>
+code your changes (following preceding recommendations)
+<details><summary><b>Creating a patch</b></summary>
+
+In order to create a patch, type:
+git diff > AVRO-1234.patch
+
+This will report all modifications done on Avro sources on your local disk and save them into the AVRO-1234.patch file. Read the patch file.
+Make sure it includes ONLY the modifications required to fix a single issue.
+
+Please do not:
+```
+reformat code unrelated to the bug being fixed: formatting changes should be separate patches/commits.
+comment out code that is now obsolete: just remove it.
+insert comments around each change, marking the change: folks can use subversion to figure out what's changed and by whom.
+make things public which are not required by end users.
+```
+Please do:
+```
+try to adhere to the coding style of files you edit;
+comment code whose function or rationale is not obvious;
+update documentation (e.g., package.html files, this wiki, etc.)
+name the patch file after the JIRA – AVRO-<JIRA#>.patch
+```
+</details>
+
+<details><summary><b>Applying a patch</b></summary>
+
+To apply a patch either you generated or found from JIRA, you can issue
+
+patch -p0 < AVRO-<JIRA#>.patch
+
+if you just want to check whether the patch applies you can run patch with --dry-run option
+
+patch -p0 --dry-run < AVRO-<JIRA#>.patch
+
+If you are an Eclipse user, you can apply a patch by:
+
+    Right click project name in Package Explorer
+    Team -> Apply Patch
+
+Finally, patches should be ''attached'' to an issue report in JIRA via the '''Attach File''' link on the issue's Jira. Please add a comment that asks for a code review following our code review checklist.
+</details>
+<details><summary><b>Contributing your patch</b></summary>
+
+When you believe that your patch is ready to be committed, select the '''Submit Patch''' link on the issue's Jira.
+
+Folks should run tests before selecting '''Submit Patch'''. Tests should all pass. Javadoc should report '''no''' warnings or errors. Submitting patches that fail tests is frowned on (unless the failure is not actually due to the patch).
+
+If your patch involves performance optimizations, they should be validated by benchmarks that demonstrate an improvement.
+
+If your patch creates an incompatibility with the latest major release, then you must set the '''Incompatible change''' flag on the issue's Jira 'and' fill in the '''Release Note''' field with an explanation of the impact of the incompatibility and the necessary steps users must take.
+
+If your patch implements a major feature or improvement, then you must fill in the '''Release Note''' field on the issue's Jira with an explanation of the feature that will be comprehensible by the end user.
+
+Once you have submitted your patch, a committer should evaluate it within a few days and either: commit it; or reject it with an explanation.
+
+Please be patient. Committers are busy people too. If no one responds to your patch after a few days, please make friendly reminders. Please incorporate other's suggestions into your patch if you think they're reasonable. Finally, remember that even a patch that is not committed is useful to the community.
+
+Should your patch be rejected, select the '''Resume Progress''' on the issue's Jira, upload a new patch with necessary fixes, and then select the **Submit Patch** link again.
+
+In many cases a patch may need to be updated based on review comments. In this case the updated patch should be re-attached to the Jira with the name name. Jira will archive the older version of the patch and make the new patch the active patch. This will enable a history of patches on the Jira. As stated above patch naming is generally AVRO-#.patch where AVRO-# is the id of the Jira issue.
+
+Committers: for non-trivial changes, it is best to get another committer to review your patches before commit. Use Submit Patch link like other contributors, and then wait for a "+1" from another committer before committing. Please also try to frequently review things in the patch queue.
+
+</details>
+
+<details><summary><b>Committing Guidelines for committers</b></summary>
+
+Apply the patch uploaded by the user or check out their pull request. Edit the CHANGES.txt file, adding a description of the change, including the bug number it fixes. Add it to the appropriate section - BUGFIXES, IMPROVEMENTS, NEW FEATURES. Please follow the format in CHANGES.txt file. While adding an entry please add it to the end of a section. Use the same entry for the first line of the git commit message.
+
+Changes are normally committed to the main branch first, then, if they're backward-compatible, cherry-picked to a branch.
+
+When you commit a change, resolve the issue in Jira. When resolving, always set the fix version and assign the issue. Set the fix version to either to the next minor release if the change is compatible and will be merged to that branch, or to the next major release if the change is incompatible and will only be committed to trunk. Assign the issue to the primary author of the patch. If the author is not in the list of project contributors, edit their Jira roles and make them an Avro contributor.
+</details>
+</blockquote>
+</details>
+-->
+
+## Jira Guidelines
+
+Please comment on issues in [Jira](https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/AVRO/issues), making your concerns known. Please also vote for issues that are a high priority for you.
+
+Please refrain from editing descriptions and comments if possible, as edits spam the mailing list and clutter Jira's "All" display, which is otherwise very useful. Instead, preview descriptions and comments using the preview button (on the right) before posting them. Keep descriptions brief and save more elaborate proposals for comments, since descriptions are included in Jira's automatically sent messages. If you change your mind, note this in a new comment, rather than editing an older comment. The issue should preserve this history of the discussion.
+
+## Stay involved
+
+Contributors should join the Avro mailing lists. In particular, the commit list (to see changes as they are made), the dev list (to join discussions of changes) and the user list (to help others).
+
+## Workflow
+
+Building and running the site locally requires a recent extended version of Hugo. Install [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/installation/) for your environment. Once you've made your working copy of the site repo, from the repo root folder, run:
+
+```shell
+hugo server --navigateToChanged
+```
+Edit .md and .html files in content/ folder
+
+Once satisfied with the changes, commit them:
+```shell
+git commit -a
+```
+Generate the HTML file stop hugo server --navigateToChanged (with Ctrl+C) and run
+```shell
+hugo
+```
+This will generate the HTMLs in public/ folder and this is actually what is being deployed
+
+Add the modified HTML files to Git
+
+```shell
+git add .
+git rm offline-search-index.<<OLD-HASH>>.json
+git commit -a
+git push
+```
+This way even when the PR modifies a lot of files we can review only the first commit, the meaningful one, with the modified files in content/ folder
+
+
+## Running a container locally
+You can also run avro-website inside a Docker container, the container runs with a volume bound to the avro-website folder. This approach doesn't require you to install any dependencies other than Docker Desktop on Windows and Mac, and Docker Compose on Linux.
+
+Build the docker image
+
+```shell
+docker-compose build
+```
+Run the built image
+ ```shell
+docker-compose up
+```
+NOTE: You can run both commands at once with docker-compose up --build.
+
+Verify that the service is working.
+
+Open your web browser and type http://localhost:1313 in your navigation bar, This opens a local instance of the docsy-example homepage. You can now make changes to the docsy example and those changes will immediately show up in your browser after you save.
+
+**Cleanup**
+
+To stop Docker Compose, on your terminal window, press Ctrl + C.
+
+To remove the produced images run:
+ ```shell
+docker-compose rm
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+As you run the website locally, you may run into the following error:
+ ```shell
+➜ hugo server
+
+INFO 2021/01/21 21:07:55 Using config file: 
+Building sites … INFO 2021/01/21 21:07:55 syncing static files to /
+Built in 288 ms
+Error: Error building site: TOCSS: failed to transform "scss/main.scss" (text/x-scss): resource "scss/scss/main.scss_9fadf33d895a46083cdd64396b57ef68" not found in file cache
+ ```
+This error occurs if you have not installed the extended version of Hugo. See our user guide for instructions on how to install Hugo.
+
+## Edit content
+The website content is in content/en folder. It contains .md (Markdown) and .html (HTML) files.
+
+**Layouts**
+
+To change the layout of any page edit layouts/<page>/**.html. If there is no layout for a given page at that location then copy the one provided by the theme and edit it:
+ ```shell
+ cp themes/docsy/layouts/<xyz> layouts/<xyz>
+  ```
+**Avro version**
+
+When a new version of Apache Avro is released:
+
+Change the value of params.avroversion in config.toml
+Add a new entry to the Releases pages in the Blog section, for example:
+ ```shell
+cp content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.10.2-released.md content/en/blog/releases/avro-1.11.0-released.md
+ ```
+**API documentation for C/C++/C# modules**
+
+The API documentations for C/C++/C# are built by their respective build.sh dist implementations. The final HTML should be copied to the external folder, for example:
+ ```shell
+cp ../avro/build/avro-doc-1.12.0-SNAPSHOT/api/c/* content/en/docs/external/c/
+ ```
+
+## JIRA conventions
+
+Issue types: JIRA issues are categorized into different types such as bugs, improvements, new features, etc. Each issue type has a unique icon and a set of fields that are specific to that type.  
+
+Workflow: JIRA issues follow a predefined workflow that defines the steps that an issue goes through from creation to resolution. Each step in the workflow can have its own set of conditions and actions.
+
+Priority: JIRA allows users to set priorities for issues to help determine the order in which they should be addressed. The priority can be set to one of five levels: Blocker, Critical, Major, Minor, and Trivial. Blocker is the highest priority and Trivial is the lowest priority.
+
+Labels: Labels are used to tag issues with keywords or phrases that can help with searching and filtering.
+
+Components: Components are used to group related issues together. For example, a software project might have components for the user interface, database, and networking.
+
+## See Also
+
+- [Apache contributor documentation](http://www.apache.org/dev/contributors.html)
+- [Apache voting documentation](http://www.apache.org/foundation/voting.html)
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/License/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/License/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..1840ccfc0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/License/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "License"
+linkTitle: "License"
+weight: 11
+manualLink: https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro project is licensed under [Apache Software License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Papers/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Papers/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..beaace16894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Papers/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Papers"
+linkTitle: "Papers"
+weight: 3
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+--> 
+** **
+
+**A Benchmark of JSON-compatible Binary Serialization Specifications**   
+Jan 9 2022, by Juan Cruz Viotti, Mital Kinderkhedia.
+
+https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.03051
+
+** **
+
+**A Survey of JSON-compatible Binary Serialization Specifications**   
+Jan 6 2022, by Juan Cruz Viotti, Mital Kinderkhedia.
+
+https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.02089
+
+** **
+
+**Putting Avro into Hive**   
+Apr 2017, by S. Sreekanth, A Sai Ram Pramodhini, Ch S Likita, Chiluka Manisha.
+
+https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/article/view/7377/0
+
+
+** **
+
+**Benchmarking Performance of Data Serialization and RPC Frameworks in Microservices Architecture: gRPC vs. Apache Thrift vs. Apache Avro**   
+Oct 27 2016, by Nguyen, Thuy.
+
+https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/23386
+
+** ** 
+
+**Apache Avro**    
+Sep 30 2016, by Deepak Vohra.
+
+https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4842-2199-0_7
+
+** **
+
+
+**Object serialization vs relational data modelling in Apache Cassandra: a performance evaluation**    
+Apr 2015, by Valdemar Johansen.
+
+https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:839521/FULLTEXT02.pdf
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Privacy policy/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Privacy policy/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..0be9694d7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Privacy policy/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Privacy policy"
+linkTitle: "Privacy policy"
+weight: 9
+manualLink: https://privacy.apache.org/policies/privacy-policy-public.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro project shares the same privacy policy as the [Apache Software Foundation](https://privacy.apache.org/policies/privacy-policy-public.html)
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Security/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Security/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..baa55da933f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Security/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Security"
+linkTitle: "Security"
+weight: 10
+manualLink: https://www.apache.org/security/
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro project shares the same security policy as the [Apache Software Foundation](https://www.apache.org/security/)
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/Thanks/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/Thanks/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..b2ae7dff925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/Thanks/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Thanks"
+linkTitle: "Thanks"
+weight: 14
+manualLink: https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro project could not exist without the continued generous support from the community! We would like to take this opportunity to thank the ASF [Sponsors](https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html). 
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/_index.md
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..19a78e4205d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/_index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Project"
+linkTitle: "Project"
+weight: 1
+layout: project
+menu:
+  main:
+    weight: 1
+aliases:
+- /linkmap.html
+
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+Apache Avro project is a member of the Apache Software Foundation!
diff --git a/doc/content/en/project/pmc onboarding guide/_index.md b/doc/content/en/project/pmc onboarding guide/_index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22d7545eda8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/project/pmc onboarding guide/_index.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "PMC onboarding guide"
+linkTitle: "PMC onboarding guide"
+weight: 6
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+--> 
+
+1. Use https://whimsy.apache.org you can check that you got added to the PMC list properly
+2. Validate you are in the PMC group in JIRA and the Confluence Wiki
+3. Subscribe to private@avro.apache.org; you can use whimsy to do this for whatever email account you want, or send mail from that mail address to private-subscribe@
+4. You should have access also to https://reporter.apache.org which seeds our board reports
+5. You can now access and read the private list archive (for linking to vote threads, etc) at https://lists.apache.org/list.html?private@avro.apache.org
+6. Review the ASF PMC guides. There are a few, but you should re-read what the responsibilities are.
+7. The PMC keeps a set of valuable resources in https://svn.apache.org/repos/private/pmc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/content/en/search.md b/doc/content/en/search.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ac34d9ea48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/content/en/search.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: Search Results
+layout: search
+---
+
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
diff --git a/doc/docker-compose.yaml b/doc/docker-compose.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..833d8839a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/docker-compose.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+
+version: "3.3"
+
+services:
+
+  site:
+    image: docsy/docsy-example
+    build:
+      context: .
+    command: server
+    ports:
+      - "1313:1313"
+    volumes:
+      - .:/src
diff --git a/doc/examples/example.py b/doc/examples/example.py
index 7b88c1cc195..f81bbe67cc4 100644
--- a/doc/examples/example.py
+++ b/doc/examples/example.py
@@ -16,18 +16,28 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 #
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import avro.schema
 from avro.datafile import DataFileReader, DataFileWriter
 from avro.io import DatumReader, DatumWriter
 
-schema = avro.schema.parse(open("user.avsc").read())
+# read in the schema file
+schema_text = Path("user.avsc").read_text()
+# then parse it
+schema = avro.schema.parse(schema_text)
 
-writer = DataFileWriter(open("/tmp/users.avro", "w"), DatumWriter(), schema)
-writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256, "WTF": 2})
-writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
-writer.close()
+# create a DataFileWriter to write data to a file
+users_file = Path("/tmp/users.avro")
+with users_file.open("wb") as users_fh, DataFileWriter(
+    users_fh, DatumWriter(), schema
+) as writer:
+    writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
+    writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
 
-reader = DataFileReader(open("/tmp/users.avro", "r"), DatumReader())
-for user in reader:
-    print user
-reader.close()
+# create a DataFileReader to read data from a file
+with users_file.open("rb") as users_fh, DataFileReader(
+    users_fh, DatumReader()
+) as reader:
+    for user in reader:
+        print(user)
diff --git a/doc/examples/java-example/pom.xml b/doc/examples/java-example/pom.xml
index d741dfe7a4f..66502ed0b24 100644
--- a/doc/examples/java-example/pom.xml
+++ b/doc/examples/java-example/pom.xml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
   <name>java-example</name>
   <url>https://maven.apache.org</url>
   <properties>
+    <avro.version>1.11.3</avro.version>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
       <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
-      <version>1.10.2</version>
+      <version>${avro.version}</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
@@ -48,36 +49,27 @@
         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <configuration>
-          <source>1.8</source>
-          <target>1.8</target>
+          <source>11</source>
+          <target>11</target>
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
         <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>1.10.2</version>
+        <version>${avro.version}</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/../</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
+        </configuration>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <phase>generate-sources</phase>
             <goals>
               <goal>schema</goal>
             </goals>
-            <configuration>
-              <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/../</sourceDirectory>
-              <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
-            </configuration>
           </execution>
         </executions>
       </plugin>
-      <plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>1.10.2</version>
-        <configuration>
-          <source>1.8</source>
-          <target>1.8</target>
-        </configuration>
-      </plugin>
     </plugins>
     <pluginManagement>
       <plugins>
@@ -92,7 +84,7 @@
                   <pluginExecutionFilter>
                     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
                     <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <versionRange>[1.10.2,)</versionRange>
+                    <versionRange>[${avro.version},)</versionRange>
                     <goals>
                       <goal>schema</goal>
                     </goals>
diff --git a/doc/examples/mr-example/pom.xml b/doc/examples/mr-example/pom.xml
index 2f64b35ec8e..be6b689b07c 100644
--- a/doc/examples/mr-example/pom.xml
+++ b/doc/examples/mr-example/pom.xml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
   <name>mr-example</name>
 
   <properties>
+    <avro.version>1.11.3</avro.version>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>
 
@@ -38,14 +39,14 @@
         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <configuration>
-          <source>1.8</source>
-          <target>1.8</target>
+          <source>11</source>
+          <target>11</target>
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
         <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>1.10.0</version>
+        <version>${avro.version}</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <phase>generate-sources</phase>
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@
                   <pluginExecutionFilter>
                     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
                     <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <versionRange>[1.10.0,)</versionRange>
+                    <versionRange>[${avro.version},)</versionRange>
                     <goals>
                       <goal>schema</goal>
                     </goals>
@@ -94,12 +95,12 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
       <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
-      <version>1.10.2</version>
+      <version>${avro.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
       <artifactId>avro-mapred</artifactId>
-      <version>1.10.2</version>
+      <version>${avro.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/404.html b/doc/layouts/404.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d5d5158a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/404.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+{{ define "main"}}
+    <main id="main">
+      <div>
+       <h1 id="title">Not found</h1>
+       <p>Oops! This page doesn't exist. Try going back to our <a href="{{ "/" | relURL }}">home page</a>.</p>
+      </div>
+    </main>
+{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/layouts/partials/favicons.html b/doc/layouts/partials/favicons.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ff1b9f01c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/partials/favicons.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!-- Copied from https://apache.org home page source. -->
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png">
+<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://apache.org/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apache.org/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apache.org/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apache.org/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apache.org/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192">
+<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apache.org/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16">
+<link rel="manifest" href="https://apache.org/favicons/manifest.json">
+<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://apache.org/favicons/favicon.ico">
diff --git a/doc/layouts/partials/footer.html b/doc/layouts/partials/footer.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0638c0074de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/partials/footer.html
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+{{ $links := .Site.Params.links }}
+<footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none">
+  <div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5">
+    <div class="row">
+      <div class="col-4 col-sm-3 text-xs-center order-sm-2">
+        {{ with $links }}
+        {{ with index . "user"}}
+        {{ template "footer-links-block"  . }}
+        {{ end }}
+        {{ end }}
+      </div>
+      <div class="col-4 col-sm-3 text-right text-xs-center order-sm-3">
+        {{ with $links }}
+        {{ with index . "developer"}}
+        {{ template "footer-links-block"  . }}
+        {{ end }}
+        {{ end }}
+      </div>
+      <div class="col-10 col-sm-3 text-center py-2 order-sm-2">
+        {{ with .Site.Params }}<a href="{{ .apache_foundation }}"><small class="text-white">&copy; {{ now.Year}} {{ .copyright }} </small></a><small class="text-white">{{ T "footer_all_rights_reserved" }}</small>{{ end }}
+	{{ if not .Site.Params.ui.footer_about_disable }}
+		{{ with .Site.GetPage "about" }}<p class="mt-2"><a href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">{{ .Title }}</a></p>{{ end }}
+	{{ end }}
+      <p><small class="text-white">Apache Avro, Avro&trade;, Apache&reg;, and the Apache feather logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</small></p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="col-5 col-sm-3 order-sm-2">
+          {{ with .Site.Params }}<a href="{{ .apache_events_url }}"><img src="{{ .apache_events_logo }}"></a>{{ end }}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</footer>
+{{ define "footer-links-block" }}
+<ul class="list-inline mb-0">
+  {{ range . }}
+  <li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="{{ .name }}" aria-label="{{ .name }}">
+    <a class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="{{ .url }}" aria-label="{{ .name }}">
+      <i class="{{ .icon }}"></i>
+    </a>
+  </li>
+  {{ end }}
+</ul>
+{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-asf-links.html b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-asf-links.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54e3b8dcf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-asf-links.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
+	ASF links
+</a>
+<div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownMenuLink">
+	{{ range .Site.Params.asf.links }}
+	<a class="dropdown-item" href="{{ .url }}" target="_blank">{{ .name }}</a>
+	{{ end }}
+</div>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-docs-selector.html b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-docs-selector.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a60c934cb8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar-docs-selector.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
+	Documentation
+</a>
+<div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownMenuLink">
+	{{ range .Site.Params.versions }}
+	<a class="dropdown-item" href="{{ .url }}">{{ .version }}</a>
+	{{ end }}
+</div>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/partials/navbar.html b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a57cdd1f31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/partials/navbar.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+{{ $cover := and (.HasShortcode "blocks/cover") (not .Site.Params.ui.navbar_translucent_over_cover_disable) }}
+<nav class="js-navbar-scroll navbar navbar-expand navbar-dark {{ if $cover}} td-navbar-cover {{ end }}flex-column flex-md-row td-navbar">
+        <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ .Site.Home.RelPermalink }}">
+{{/* AVRO-3555: Don't inline the existing logo for now.
+		<span class="navbar-logo">{{ if .Site.Params.ui.navbar_logo }}{{ with resources.Get "icons/logo.svg" }}{{ ( . | minify).Content | safeHTML }}{{ end }}{{ end }}</span><span class="font-weight-bold">{{ .Site.Title }}</span>
+*/}}
+		<span class="navbar-logo"><img src="{{ with resources.Get "icons/logo.svg" }}{{ .RelPermalink }}{{ end }}" width="35" height="30" style="margin: 0 10px"></span><span class="font-weight-bold">{{ .Site.Title }}</span>
+	</a>
+	
+	<div class="td-navbar-nav-scroll ml-md-auto" id="main_navbar">
+		<ul class="navbar-nav mt-2 mt-lg-0">
+			{{ $p := . }}
+			{{ range .Site.Menus.main }}
+			<li class="nav-item mr-4 mb-2 mb-lg-0">
+				{{ $active := or ($p.IsMenuCurrent "main" .) ($p.HasMenuCurrent "main" .) }}
+				{{ with .Page }}
+				{{ $active = or $active ( $.IsDescendant .)  }}
+				{{ end }}
+				{{ $pre := .Pre }}
+				{{ $post := .Post }}
+				{{ $url := urls.Parse .URL }}
+				{{ $baseurl := urls.Parse $.Site.Params.Baseurl }}
+				<a class="nav-link{{if $active }} active{{end}}" href="{{ with .Page }}{{ .RelPermalink }}{{ else }}{{ .URL | relLangURL }}{{ end }}" {{ if ne $url.Host $baseurl.Host }}target="_blank" {{ end }}>{{ with .Pre}}{{ $pre }}{{ end }}<span{{if $active }} class="active"{{end}}>{{ .Name }}</span>{{ with .Post}}{{ $post }}{{ end }}</a>
+			</li>
+			{{ end }}
+			<li class="nav-item dropdown mr-4 d-none d-lg-block">
+				{{ partial "navbar-docs-selector.html" . }}
+			</li>
+			<li class="nav-item dropdown mr-4 d-none d-lg-block">
+				{{ partial "navbar-asf-links.html" . }}
+			</li>
+			{{ if  (gt (len .Site.Home.Translations) 0) }}
+			<li class="nav-item dropdown mr-4 d-none d-lg-block">
+				{{ partial "navbar-lang-selector.html" . }}
+			</li>
+			{{ end }}
+		</ul>
+	</div>
+	<div class="navbar-nav d-none d-lg-block">{{ partial "search-input.html" . }}</div>
+</nav>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/project/baseof.html b/doc/layouts/project/baseof.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ec1e4d1793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/project/baseof.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="{{ .Site.Language.Lang }}" class="no-js">
+  <head>
+    {{ partial "head.html" . }}
+  </head>
+  <body class="td-{{ .Kind }}">
+    <header>
+      {{ partial "navbar.html" . }}
+    </header>
+    <div class="container-fluid td-outer">
+      <div class="td-main">
+        <div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
+          <aside class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 td-sidebar d-print-none">
+            {{ partial "sidebar.html" . }}
+          </aside>
+          <aside class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 td-sidebar-toc d-print-none">
+            {{ partial "page-meta-links.html" . }}
+            {{ partial "toc.html" . }}
+            {{ partial "taxonomy_terms_clouds.html" . }}
+          </aside>
+          <main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role="main">
+            {{ partial "version-banner.html" . }}
+            {{ if not .Site.Params.ui.breadcrumb_disable }}{{ partial "breadcrumb.html" . }}{{ end }}
+            {{ block "main" . }}{{ end }}
+          </main>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      {{ partial "footer.html" . }}
+    </div>
+    {{ partial "scripts.html" . }}
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/project/baseof.print.html b/doc/layouts/project/baseof.print.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b74e38c0e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/project/baseof.print.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="{{ .Site.Language.Lang }}" class="no-js">
+  <head>
+    {{ partial "head.html" . }}
+  </head>
+  <body class="td-{{ .Kind }}">
+    <header>
+      {{ partial "navbar.html" . }}
+    </header>
+    <div class="container-fluid td-outer">
+      <div class="td-main">
+        <div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
+          <div class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 td-sidebar d-print-none">
+          </div>
+          <div class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 td-toc d-print-none">
+          </div>
+          <main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 pl-md-5" role="main">
+            {{ block "main" . }}{{ end }}
+          </main>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      {{ partial "footer.html" . }}
+    </div>
+    {{ partial "scripts.html" . }}
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/doc/layouts/project/list.html b/doc/layouts/project/list.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..885d754e559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/project/list.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{{ define "main" }}
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+<div class="td-content">
+	<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
+  {{ with .Params.description }}<div class="lead">{{ . | markdownify }}</div>{{ end }}
+	<header class="article-meta">
+		{{ $context := . }}
+		{{ if .Site.Params.Taxonomy.taxonomyPageHeader }}
+			{{ range $index, $taxo := .Site.Params.Taxonomy.taxonomyPageHeader }}
+				{{ partial "taxonomy_terms_article.html" (dict "context" $context "taxo" $taxo ) }}
+			{{ end }}
+		{{ else }}
+			{{ range $taxo, $taxo_map := .Site.Taxonomies }}
+				{{ partial "taxonomy_terms_article.html" (dict "context" $context "taxo" $taxo ) }}
+			{{ end }}
+		{{ end }}
+		{{ if (and (not .Params.hide_readingtime) (.Site.Params.ui.readingtime.enable)) }}
+			{{ partial "reading-time.html" . }}
+		{{ end }}
+	</header>
+	{{ .Content }}
+        {{ partial "section-index.html" . }}
+	{{ if (and (not .Params.hide_feedback) (.Site.Params.ui.feedback.enable) (.Site.GoogleAnalytics)) }}
+		{{ partial "feedback.html" .Site.Params.ui.feedback }}
+		<br />
+	{{ end }}
+	{{ if (.Site.DisqusShortname) }}
+		<br />
+		{{ partial "disqus-comment.html" . }}
+	{{ end }}
+	{{ partial "page-meta-lastmod.html" . }}
+</div>
+{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/layouts/project/list.print.html b/doc/layouts/project/list.print.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..33fa25d9fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/project/list.print.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{{ define "main" }}
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+{{ partial "print/render"  . }}
+{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/layouts/project/single.html b/doc/layouts/project/single.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbc65acfe9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/project/single.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!--
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+-->
+
+{{ define "main" }}
+{{ .Render "content" }}
+{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/layouts/shortcodes/avro_version.html b/doc/layouts/shortcodes/avro_version.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04a4bf5ef24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/shortcodes/avro_version.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{{/*
+
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+*/}}{{/*
+
+This file must not have a trailing newline.
+
+*/}}{{ $.Site.Params.avroversion }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/layouts/shortcodes/project_logo.html b/doc/layouts/shortcodes/project_logo.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42503d33a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/layouts/shortcodes/project_logo.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{{/*
+
+Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+distributed with this work for additional information
+regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations
+under the License.
+
+*/}}{{/*
+This file should not have a trailing newline.
+*/}}{{ with resources.Get "/icons/logo-text.svg" }}{{ (.|minify).Content | safeHTML }}{{ end }}
diff --git a/doc/package.json b/doc/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02c3dc72247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.0",
+    "postcss": "^8.3.7",
+    "postcss-cli": "^11.0.0"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/doc/src/cli.xconf b/doc/src/cli.xconf
deleted file mode 100644
index 85712ac715b..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/cli.xconf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,328 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-<!--+
-    |  This is the Apache Cocoon command line configuration file.
-    |  Here you give the command line interface details of where
-    |  to find various aspects of your Cocoon installation.
-    |
-    |  If you wish, you can also use this file to specify the URIs
-    |  that you wish to generate.
-    |
-    |  The current configuration information in this file is for
-    |  building the Cocoon documentation. Therefore, all links here
-    |  are relative to the build context dir, which, in the build.xml
-    |  file, is set to ${build.context}
-    |
-    |  Options:
-    |    verbose:            increase amount of information presented
-    |                        to standard output (default: false)
-    |    follow-links:       whether linked pages should also be
-    |                        generated (default: true)
-    |    precompile-only:    precompile sitemaps and XSP pages, but
-    |                        do not generate any pages (default: false)
-    |    confirm-extensions: check the mime type for the generated page
-    |                        and adjust filename and links extensions
-    |                        to match the mime type
-    |                        (e.g. text/html->.html)
-    |
-    |  Note: Whilst using an xconf file to configure the Cocoon
-    |        Command Line gives access to more features, the use of
-    |        command line parameters is more stable, as there are
-    |        currently plans to improve the xconf format to allow
-    |        greater flexibility. If you require a stable and
-    |        consistent method for accessing the CLI, it is recommended
-    |        that you use the command line parameters to configure
-    |        the CLI. See documentation at:
-    |        https://cocoon.apache.org/2.1/userdocs/offline/
-    |        https://wiki.apache.org/cocoon/CommandLine
-    |
-    +-->
-
-<cocoon verbose="true"
-        follow-links="true"
-        precompile-only="false"
-        confirm-extensions="false">
-
-   <!--+
-       |  The context directory is usually the webapp directory
-       |  containing the sitemap.xmap file.
-       |
-       |  The config file is the cocoon.xconf file.
-       |
-       |  The work directory is used by Cocoon to store temporary
-       |  files and cache files.
-       |
-       |  The destination directory is where generated pages will
-       |  be written (assuming the 'simple' mapper is used, see
-       |  below)
-       +-->
-   <context-dir>.</context-dir>
-   <config-file>WEB-INF/cocoon.xconf</config-file>
-   <work-dir>../tmp/cocoon-work</work-dir>
-   <dest-dir>../site</dest-dir>
-
-   <!--+
-       |  A checksum file can be used to store checksums for pages
-       |  as they are generated. When the site is next generated,
-       |  files will not be written if their checksum has not changed.
-       |  This means that it will be easier to detect which files
-       |  need to be uploaded to a server, using the timestamp.
-       |
-       |  The default path is relative to the core webapp directory.
-       |  An asolute path can be used.
-       +-->
-   <!--   <checksums-uri>build/work/checksums</checksums-uri>-->
-
-   <!--+
-       | Broken link reporting options:
-       |   Report into a text file, one link per line:
-       |     <broken-links type="text" report="filename"/>
-       |   Report into an XML file:
-       |     <broken-links type="xml" report="filename"/>
-       |   Ignore broken links (default):
-       |     <broken-links type="none"/>
-       |
-       |   Two attributes to this node specify whether a page should
-       |   be generated when an error has occured. 'generate' specifies
-       |   whether a page should be generated (default: true) and
-       |   extension specifies an extension that should be appended
-       |   to the generated page's filename (default: none)
-       |
-       |   Using this, a quick scan through the destination directory
-       |   will show broken links, by their filename extension.
-       +-->
-   <broken-links type="xml"
-                 file="../brokenlinks.xml"
-                 generate="false"
-                 extension=".error"
-                 show-referrers="true"/>
-
-   <!--+
-       |  Load classes at startup. This is necessary for generating
-       |  from sites that use SQL databases and JDBC.
-       |  The <load-class> element can be repeated if multiple classes
-       |  are needed.
-       +-->
-   <!--
-   <load-class>org.firebirdsql.jdbc.Driver</load-class>
-   -->
-
-   <!--+
-       |  Configures logging.
-       |  The 'log-kit' parameter specifies the location of the log kit
-       |  configuration file (usually called logkit.xconf.
-       |
-       |  Logger specifies the logging category (for all logging prior
-       |  to other Cocoon logging categories taking over)
-       |
-       |  Available log levels are:
-       |    DEBUG:        prints all level of log messages.
-       |    INFO:         prints all level of log messages except DEBUG
-       |                  ones.
-       |    WARN:         prints all level of log messages except DEBUG
-       |                  and INFO ones.
-       |    ERROR:        prints all level of log messages except DEBUG,
-       |                  INFO and WARN ones.
-       |    FATAL_ERROR:  prints only log messages of this level
-       +-->
-   <!-- <logging log-kit="WEB-INF/logkit.xconf" logger="cli" level="ERROR" /> -->
-
-   <!--+
-       |  Specifies the filename to be appended to URIs that
-       |  refer to a directory (i.e. end with a forward slash).
-       +-->
-   <default-filename>index.html</default-filename>
-
-   <!--+
-       |  Specifies a user agent string to the sitemap when
-       |  generating the site.
-       |
-       |  A generic term for a web browser is "user agent". Any
-       |  user agent, when connecting to a web server, will provide
-       |  a string to identify itself (e.g. as Internet Explorer or
-       |  Mozilla). It is possible to have Cocoon serve different
-       |  content depending upon the user agent string provided by
-       |  the browser. If your site does this, then you may want to
-       |  use this <user-agent> entry to provide a 'fake' user agent
-       |  to Cocoon, so that it generates the correct version of your
-       |  site.
-       |
-       |  For most sites, this can be ignored.
-       +-->
-   <!--
-   <user-agent>Cocoon Command Line Environment 2.1</user-agent>
-   -->
-
-   <!--+
-       |  Specifies an accept string to the sitemap when generating
-       |  the site.
-       |  User agents can specify to an HTTP server what types of content
-       |  (by mime-type) they are able to receive. E.g. a browser may be
-       |  able to handle jpegs, but not pngs. The HTTP accept header
-       |  allows the server to take the browser's capabilities into account,
-       |  and only send back content that it can handle.
-       |
-       |  For most sites, this can be ignored.
-       +-->
-
-   <accept>*/*</accept>
-
-   <!--+
-       | Specifies which URIs should be included or excluded, according
-       | to wildcard patterns.
-       |
-       | These includes/excludes are only relevant when you are following
-       | links. A link URI must match an include pattern (if one is given)
-       | and not match an exclude pattern, if it is to be followed by
-       | Cocoon. It can be useful, for example, where there are links in
-       | your site to pages that are not generated by Cocoon, such as
-       | references to api-documentation.
-       |
-       | By default, all URIs are included. If both include and exclude
-       | patterns are specified, a URI is first checked against the
-       | include patterns, and then against the exclude patterns.
-       |
-       | Multiple patterns can be given, using muliple include or exclude
-       | nodes.
-       |
-       | The order of the elements is not significant, as only the first
-       | successful match of each category is used.
-       |
-       | Currently, only the complete source URI can be matched (including
-       | any URI prefix). Future plans include destination URI matching
-       | and regexp matching. If you have requirements for these, contact
-       | dev@cocoon.apache.org.
-       +-->
-
-   <exclude pattern="**/"/>
-   <exclude pattern="**apidocs**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="api/**"/>
-
-<!-- Avro: Exclude trevni doc. -->
-   <exclude pattern="trevni/**"/>
-
-<!--
-  This is a workaround for FOR-284 "link rewriting broken when
-  linking to xml source views which contain site: links".
-  See the explanation there and in declare-broken-site-links.xsl
--->
-   <exclude pattern="site:**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="ext:**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="lm:**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="**/site:**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="**/ext:**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="**/lm:**"/>
-
-   <!-- Exclude tokens used in URLs to ASF mirrors (interpreted by a CGI) -->
-   <exclude pattern="[preferred]/**"/>
-   <exclude pattern="[location]"/>
-
-   <!--   <include-links extension=".html"/>-->
-
-   <!--+
-       |  <uri> nodes specify the URIs that should be generated, and
-       |  where required, what should be done with the generated pages.
-       |  They describe the way the URI of the generated file is created
-       |  from the source page's URI. There are three ways that a generated
-       |  file URI can be created: append, replace and insert.
-       |
-       |  The "type" attribute specifies one of (append|replace|insert):
-       |
-       |  append:
-       |  Append the generated page's URI to the end of the source URI:
-       |
-       |   <uri type="append" src-prefix="documents/" src="index.html"
-       |   dest="build/dest/"/>
-       |
-       |  This means that
-       |   (1) the "documents/index.html" page is generated
-       |   (2) the file will be written to "build/dest/documents/index.html"
-       |
-       |  replace:
-       |  Completely ignore the generated page's URI - just
-       |  use the destination URI:
-       |
-       |   <uri type="replace" src-prefix="documents/" src="index.html"
-       |   dest="build/dest/docs.html"/>
-       |
-       |  This means that
-       |   (1) the "documents/index.html" page is generated
-       |   (2) the result is written to "build/dest/docs.html"
-       |   (3) this works only for "single" pages - and not when links
-       |       are followed
-       |
-       |  insert:
-       |  Insert generated page's URI into the destination
-       |  URI at the point marked with a * (example uses fictional
-       |  zip protocol)
-       |
-       |   <uri type="insert" src-prefix="documents/" src="index.html"
-       |   dest="zip://*.zip/page.html"/>
-       |
-       |  This means that
-       |   (1)
-       |
-       |  In any of these scenarios, if the dest attribute is omitted,
-       |  the value provided globally using the <dest-dir> node will
-       |  be used instead.
-       +-->
-   <!--
-   <uri type="replace"
-        src-prefix="samples/"
-        src="hello-world/hello.html"
-        dest="build/dest/hello-world.html"/>
-   -->
-
-   <!--+
-       | <uri> nodes can be grouped together in a <uris> node. This
-       | enables a group of URIs to share properties. The following
-       | properties can be set for a group of URIs:
-       |   * follow-links:       should pages be crawled for links
-       |   * confirm-extensions: should file extensions be checked
-       |                         for the correct mime type
-       |   * src-prefix:         all source URIs should be
-       |                         pre-pended with this prefix before
-       |                         generation. The prefix is not
-       |                         included when calculating the
-       |                         destination URI
-       |   * dest:               the base destination URI to be
-       |                         shared by all pages in this group
-       |   * type:               the method to be used to calculate
-       |                         the destination URI. See above
-       |                         section on <uri> node for details.
-       |
-       | Each <uris> node can have a name attribute. When a name
-       | attribute has been specified, the -n switch on the command
-       | line can be used to tell Cocoon to only process the URIs
-       | within this URI group. When no -n switch is given, all
-       | <uris> nodes are processed. Thus, one xconf file can be
-       | used to manage multiple sites.
-       +-->
-   <!--
-   <uris name="mirrors" follow-links="false">
-     <uri type="append" src="mirrors.html"/>
-   </uris>
-   -->
-
-   <!--+
-       |  File containing URIs (plain text, one per line).
-       +-->
-   <!--
-   <uri-file>uris.txt</uri-file>
-   -->
-</cocoon>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/htmldocs/canonical-completeness.html b/doc/src/content/htmldocs/canonical-completeness.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 0827d57812e..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/htmldocs/canonical-completeness.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
--->
-<head>
-<title>Completeness of "Parsing Canonical Form"</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-
-<center><h1>Completeness of "Parsing Canonical Form"</h1></center>
-
-<h2>1.0 Introduction</h2>
-
-<p>One of the defining characteristics of Avro is that a reader is assumed to have the "same" schema used by the writer of the data the reader is reading.  This assumption leads to a data format that's compact and amenable to many forms of schema evolution.  However, there are nuances to defining exactly what it means for the reader to have "the same" schema used by the writer.  We want to allow, for example, trivial transformations, such as the insertion of whitespace.  But we can't allow transformations that change the real meaning of schemas, such as a reordering of fields in a record</p>
-
-<p>To clearly define what it means for a reader to have "the same" schema as a writer, the Avro specification defines <dfn>Parsing Canonical Form</dfn> (PCF), a set of transformations on Avro schemas that strip away irrelevencies (e.g., "doc" attributes) and normalize the JSON text (e.g., dealing with whitespace).  Two schemas are defined to be "the same" as far as a reader is concerned if and only if their PCFs are textually equal.</p>
-
-<p>We believe that PCF is <em>sound</em> and <em>complete</em>.  Soundness means that the PCF of a schema is logically equivalent to the original form, i.e., we can use the PCF in place of the original form without introducing bugs.  Completeness is "maximal soundness:" if two schemas are logically equivalent, then their PFCs will be textually identical.  The Avro specification claims that PCF is complete when it says: "[if two schemas have the same PCF, then] there is no serialized data that would allow a reader to distinguish data generated by a writer using one of the original schemas from data generated by a writing using the other original schema."</p>
-
-<p>We believe that the transformations that define PCF are "self-evidently" sound to people familiar with Avro.  For example, fixing the order of fields in a JSON object, or eliminating irrelevant attributes like <code>doc</code>, or using the simple <code>int</code> in place of <code>{"type":"int"}</code> clearly don't change the meaning of a schema.</p>
-
-<p>Completeness, on the other hand, is much less obvious.  How do we know that there aren't two logically equivalent schemas that happen to reduce to different canonical forms?  All it takes is one such pair to foil our claim of completeness.</p>
-
-<p>In general, completeness properties like this can be tricky to prove.  It turns out that, while soundness is critical to us, completeness is not.  If two schemas are operationally equivalent (i.e., a reader can't tell their output apart), but we accidentally treat them as if they are different, then typically all that happens is that we'll do more work.  For example, we might generate a decoder object to decode some incoming data when it turns out that we had already cached a decoder object that could do the job.  This is not likely to happen often, and thus incompleteness isn't a huge problem.</p>
-
-<p>At the same time, if we knew that our canonical forms were complete, then we might take advantage of that fact in some circumstances (e.g., to serialize schemas).  Also, the <code>Schema.equals(Object)</code> method provided in the Avro implementation makes many of the same assumptions made in the PCF definition.  Thus, a completeness proof for our canonicalization would give us confidence in the correctness of this equality algorithm.  So this issue is not entirely academic.</p>
-
-<p>We haven't worked out a full, formal proof (we hope someone from the community will step up to that task!).  However, we've been thinking about it quite a bit, and we thought we'd share our thoughts so far.</p>
-
-
-<h2>2.0 Completeness argument for Parsing Canonical Form</h2>
-
-<p>Our formalization of Avro schemas would be based on interpreting them as grammars.  In this interpretation, Avro schemas are grammars that generate tagged data streams.  Consider, for example, the following schema for a linked-list:
-<pre>
-  {"type":"record", "name":"list", "fields":[
-     {"name":"value", "type":"int"},
-     {"name":"tail",  "type":["null", "list"]}
-   ]}
-</pre>
-Interpreted as a grammar, it can generate a tagged data-stream that looks like this:
-<pre>
-  [record,"list"][field,"value"][int,10][field,"tail"][union,1]
-    [record,"list"][field,"value"][int,22][field,"tail"][union,0]
-</pre>
-(this is a two-record linked list whose first cell contains the value "10" and second cell the value "22").  Avro schemas can trivially be interpreted as grammars for such tagged data streams.  Formal proofs involving Avro schemas can be carried out as proofs about languages and grammars.</p>
-
-<p>So what does it mean for the canonical form of a schema to be "complete?"  Let <i>L(S)</i> denote the language generated by the Avro schema <code>S</code>, and <i>C(S)</i> denote the canonical form of the schema.  The canonicalization is complete if:
-<blockquote>
-For all schemas <i>S<sub>1</sub></i> and <i>S<sub>2</sub></i>,<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>L(S<sub>1</sub>) = L(S<sub>2</sub>) &rArr; C(S<sub>1</sub>) = C(S<sub>2</sub>)</i>
-</blockquote>
-That is, for any two schemas that generate the same language, their canonicalizations are textually equivalent.
-
-<p>To prove this, we need to define some functions:
-<blockquote>
-<i>J</i> is a variable name we often use to denote a JSON expression representing an Avro schema<br>
-<i>C(J)</i> is the Parsing Canonical Form of <i>J</i> as defined in the Avro specification<br>
-<i>P(J)</i> is the ASG for an Avro schema generated by parsing <i>J</i> (think of <i>P(J)</i> as a <code>Schema</code> Java object)<br>
-<i>S</i> is a variable name we often use to denote such ASGs<br>
-<i>L(S)</i> is the language generated by a schema ASG
-</blockquote>
-<p>With all these symbols defined, our completeness criteria is now rendered as:
-<blockquote>
-&forall; <i>J<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>J<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>L(P(J<sub>1</sub>)) = L(P(J<sub>2</sub>)) &rArr; C(J<sub>1</sub>) = C(J<sub>2</sub>)</i>
-</blockquote>
-We'll prove this by breaking it into two parts:
-<blockquote>
-(1): &forall; <i>S<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>L(S<sub>1</sub>) = L(S<sub>2</sub>) &rArr; S<sub>1</sub> &cong; S<sub>2</sub>  <br>
-(2): &forall; <i>J<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>J<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>P(J<sub>1</sub>) &cong; P(J<sub>2</sub>) &rArr; C(J<sub>1</sub>) = C(J<sub>2</sub>)</i>
-</i>
-</blockquote>
-In this two-step decomposition, we've introduced a new operator &cong;, which compares the ASGs of two Avro schemas.  The ASG of an Avro schema can be viewed as a rooted, labeled, directed graph.  Because Avro schemas can be recursive, these graphs can be cyclic.  The &cong; operator is "true" between two ASGs when the set of minimal labeled paths (no cycles, starting from the root) on the two ASGs are the same.  (The <code>Schema.equals(Object)</code> method in the Avro implementation computes something close to this &cong; relation, except that &cong; ignores "irrelevant" attributes like <code>doc</code> and <code>aliases</code>.)
-
-<p>It turns out that, implicit in the Avro Specification, there are "canonicalization" rules that are important to our proof of completeness.  In particular, the Avro Specification says that a name must be defined "before" it is used, and that a name cannot be defined more than once in a schema.  Consider the following redefinition of the linked-list schema, for example:
-<pre>
-  {"type":"record", "name":"list", "fields":[
-    {"name":"value", "type":"int"},
-    {"name":"tail",
-      "type":["null", {"type":"record", "name":"list", "fields":[
-                        {"name":"value", "type":"int"},
-                        {"name":"tail", "type":["null", "list"]}]}]}
-  ]}
-</pre>
-In this redefinition, we've "unpacked" the recursion in the linked list by one level.  In some sense, this is a perfectly fine definition of a linked list, and is operationally equivalent to the more compact version given earlier.  So it makes sense that our claim of completeness is dependent upon this kind of "unpacking" not occuring in real schemas.</p>
-
-<p>To deal with this issue in our proof, we pretend that the Avro specification does <em>not</em> require that named schemas be defined just once, and be defined "before" they are used.  Rather, we treat this requirement as an additional transformation rule in the definition of Parsing Canonical Form:
-<ul>
-  <li> [MINIMIZE] Eliminate redundant definitions of named types (records, enums, and fixeds).  That is, for each named type, have a defining instance that appears at first use, and then use just the name (rather than the full schema) everywhere else.</li>
-</ul>
-(As in the Avro spec, "first use" is defined as the first occurrence in a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the schema abstract-syntax graph (ASG).)
-
-<p>Getting back to the proof of (1) and (2) from above, we need to introduce more functions:
-<blockquote>
-<i>P(J)=P<sub>A</sub>(P<sub>J</sub>(J))</i> - decompose parser into: <br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>P<sub>J</sub></i> is the JSON parser<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>P<sub>A</sub></i> is the Avro parser (takes JSON ASTs as input)<br>
-<i>C(J)=C<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J)))</i> - decompose canonicalization into:<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>C<sub>M</sub>(J)</i> the MINIMIZE step<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>C<sub>A</sub>(J)</i> Avro normalizations<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>C<sub>J</sub>(J)</i> JSON normalizations<br>
-<i>M(S)</i> is the "named-schema NFA minimzation" of <i>S</i><br>
-</blockquote>
-"Named-schema NFA minimization" is similar to general NFA minimization, except that we only collapse nodes and edges related to named schema entities and not other nodes.  For example, we would <em>not</em> collapse the nodes associated with <code>int</code> or <code>union</code> schemas.
-
-<p> Our proof of (1) looks like this (this proof refers to lemmas (3) and (4), which are defined later):
-<blockquote>
-<table>
-<tr><td>&forall;<i>S<sub>1</sub>,S<sub>2</sub></i>:</td><td><i>L(S<sub>1</sub>)=L(S<sub>2</sub>)</i></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>M(S<sub>1</sub>)=M(S<sub>2</sub>)</i></td>
-<td>by (3)</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>S<sub>1</sub>&cong;S<sub>2</sub)</i></td>
-<td>by (4)</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</blockquote>
-Here's the proof of (2) (this proof refers to lemmas (4)-(7), which are defined later):
-<blockquote>
-<table>
-<tr><td>&forall;<i>J<sub>1</sub>,J<sub>2</sub></i>:</td><td><i>P(J<sub>1</sub>)&cong;P(J<sub>2</sub>)</i></td><td></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>M(P(J<sub>1</sub>))=M(P(J<sub>2</sub>))</i></td>
-<td>by (4)</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>P(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>))=P(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>))</i></td>
-<td>by (5)</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>P<sub>A</sub>(P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>)))=P<sub>A</sub>(P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>)))</i></td>
-<td>by definition of <i>P</i></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>)))=P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>)))</i></td>
-<td>by (6)</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>C<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>)))=C<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(C<sub>M</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>)))</i></td>
-<td>by (7)</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td></td><td>&rArr;<i>C(J<sub>1</sub>)=C(J<sub>2</sub>)</i></td>
-<td>by definition of <i>C</i></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</blockquote>
-
-Here are the lemmas needed above:
-<blockquote>
-(3): &forall; <i>S<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>L(S<sub>1</sub>) = L(S<sub>2</sub>) &rArr; M(S<sub>1</sub>) = M(S<sub>2</sub>)</i><br>
-
-(4): &forall; <i>S<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>M(S<sub>1</sub>) = M(S<sub>2</sub>) &hArr; S<sub>1</sub> &cong; S<sub>2</sub></i> <br>
-
-(5): &forall; <i>J</i>: <i>M(P(J)) = P(C<sub>M</sub>(J))</i><br>
-
-(6): &forall; <i>J<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>J<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>P<sub>A</sub>(P<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>)) = P<sub>A</sub>(P<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>)) &rArr; P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>)) = P<sub>J</sub>(C<sub>A</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>))</i> <br>
-
-(7): &forall; <i>J<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>J<sub>2</sub></i>:
-<i>P<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>) = P<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>) &rArr; C<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>1</sub>) = C<sub>J</sub>(J<sub>2</sub>)</i> <br>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>Proving the lemmas:
-<ol start="3">
-<li> This says that the language-related part of our canonicalization is complete, i.e., <i>M</i> finds the equivalence-classes of <i>L</i>.  I would imagine one could prove this by modifying a proof that the equality of LL(1) grammars is a decidable problem.  I haven't gotten very far in showing this, however.
-<li> The right-hand direction of this follows from the definition of minimization.  The left-hand direction seems correct, but I'm not sure how to prove it (I think it also follows from the definition of minimization).
-<li> This is showing that the MINIMIZE step (which is done on JSON expressions) is equivalent to doing an named-schema NFA minimization on the ASG representation.  This should follow pretty directly from a detailed definition of <i>M</i>, if we provided one.
-<li> This says that the Avro-related part of our canonicalization is complete, i.e., that <i>C<sub>A</sub></i> finds equivalence-classes of <i>P<sub>A</sub></i>.
-<li> This says that the JSON-related part of our canonicalization is complete, i.e., that <i>C<sub>J</sub></i> finds equivalence-classes of <i>P<sub>J</sub></i>.  Note that, implicitly, this lemma ranges over only JSON expressions that are legal Avro schemas with no doc strings or default values, and thus (for example) doesn't need to worry about normalization of floating-point literals.
-</ol>
-
-
-<h2>3.0 Concluding remarks</h2>
-
-Engineers <a href="https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201002/physicshistory.cfm">have a history</a> of running ahead of formal mathematical proofs, when things "seem correct" to them.  In this case, it seems pretty obvious that Parsing Canonical Form is complete as well as sound, and we should go ahead and treat it as such.  At the same time, formal proofs often turn up corner cases and exceptions that are valuable to document and account for.  Thus, it'd nice if someone could provide a better completeness argument than we've been able to so far.
-
-</body>
-</html>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/htmldocs/performance-testing.html b/doc/src/content/htmldocs/performance-testing.html
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/doc/src/content/htmldocs/performance-testing.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
--->
-<head>
-<title>Testing performance improvements</title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-(Note: This document pertains only to the Java implementation Avro.)
-
-
-<h1>1.0 Introduction</h1>
-
-<p>Recent work on improving the performance of "specific record" (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2090">AVRO-2090</a> and <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2247">AVRO-2247</a> has highlighted the need for a benchmark that can be used to test the validity of alleged performance "improvements."</p>
-
-<p> As a starting point, the Avro project has class called <code>Perf</code> (in the test source of the <code>ipc</code> subproject).  <code>Perf</code> is a command-line tool contains close to 70 performance individual performance tests.  These tests include tests for reading and writing primitive values, arrays and maps, plus tests for reading and writing records through all of the APIs (generic, specific, reflect).</p>
-
-<p> When using <code>Perf</code> for some recent performance work, we encountered two problems.  First, because it depends on build artifacts from across the Avro project, it can be tricky to invoke.  Second, and more seriously, independent runs of the tests in <code>Perf</code> can vary in performance by as much as 40%.  While typical variance is less than that, the variance is high enough that it makes it impossible to tell if a change in performance is simply this noise, or can be properly attributed to a proposed optimization. </p>
-
-<p> This document addresses both problems, the usability problem in Section 2 and the variability issue in Section 3.  Regarding the variability issue, as you will see, we haven't really been able to manage it in a fundamental manner.  As <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2269?focusedCommentId=16688925&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels%3Acomment-tabpanel#comment-16688925">suggested by Zoltan Frakas</a>, we should look into porting <code>Perf</code> over to using the <a href="https://java-performance.info/jmh/">Java Microbenchmark Harness (JMH)</a>.</p>
-
-
-<h1>2.0 Invoking <code>Perf</code></h1>
-
-<h2>2.1 Simple invocation</h2>
-
-<p>Here is the easiest way we found to directly invoke <code>Perf</code>.</p>
-
-<p>As mentioned in the Introduction, <code>Perf</code> is dependent upon build artifacts from some of the other Avro subprojects.  When you invoke <code>Perf</code>, it should be invoked with your most recent build of those artifacts (assuming you're performance-testing your current work).  We have found that the easiest way to ensure the proper artifacts are used is to use Maven to invoke <code>Perf</code>. </p>
-
-<p>The recipe for using Maven in this way is simple.  First, from the <code>lang/java</code> directoy, you need to build <em>and install</em> Avro:</p>
-
-<p><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mvn clean install</code></p>
-
-<p>(You can add <code>-DskipTests</code> to the above command line if you don't need to run test suite.)  When this is done, you need to change your working directory to the <code>lang/java/ipc</code> directory.  From there, you can invoke <code>Perf</code> with the following command line:</p>
-
-<p><code>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mvn exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope=test -Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.avro.io.Perf -Dexec.args="..."
-</code></p>
-
-<p>The <code>exec.args</code> string contains the arguments you want to pass through to the <code>Perf.main</code> function.</p>
-
-<p>To speed up your edit-compile-test loop, you can do a selective build of Avro in addition to skipping tests:
-
-<p><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mvn clean && mvn -pl "avro,compiler,maven-plugin,ipc" install -DskipTests</code></p>
-
-
-
-<h2>2.2 Using the run-perf.sh script</h2>
-
-<p>If you're using <code>Perf</code>, chances are that you want to compare the performance of a proposed optimization against the performance of a baseline (that baseline most likely being the current master branch of Avro).  Generating this comparative data can be tedious if you're running <code>Perf</code> by hand.  To relieve this tedium, you can use the <code>run-perf.sh</code> script instead (found in the <code>share/test</code> directory from the Avro top-level directory).</p>
-
-<p>To use this script, you put different implementations of Avro onto different branches of your Avro git repository.  One of these branches is designated the "baseline" branch and the others are the "treatment" branches.  The script will run the baseline and all the treatments, and will compare generate a CSV file containing a comparison of the treatments against the baseline.</p>
-
-<p>Running <code>run-perf.sh&nbsp;--help</code> will output a detailed manual-page for this script.  Appendix A of this document contains sample invocations of this test script for different use cases.</p>
-
-<p>NOTE: as mentioned in <code>run-perf.sh&nbsp;--help</code>, <b>this script is designed to be run from the <code>lang/java/ipc</code> directory</b>, which is the Maven project containing the <code>Perf</code> program.</p>
-
-
-
-<h1>3.0 Managing variance</h1>
-
-As mentioned in the introduction, we tried a number of different mechanisms to reduce variance, including:
-<ul>
-<li> Varying <code>org.apache.avro.io.perf.count</code>, <code>org.apache.io.perf.cycles</code>, and <code>org.apache.avro.io.perf.use-direct</code>, as well as the number of times we run <code>Perf.java</code> within a single "run" of a test.
-
-<p> <li> Taking the minimum times across runs, rather than the maximum times, using the second or third run as a baseline rather than the first, using statistical methods to eliminate outlying values.
-
-<p> <li> Modified the code slightly, for example: starting the timer of a cycle after, rather than before, encoders or decoders are constructed; cacheing encoders and decoders; and reusing record objects during read tests rather than construct new ones for each record being read.
-
-<p> <li> Using Docker's <code>--cpuset-cpus</code> flag to force the tests onto a single core.
-
-<p> <li> Using a dedicated EC2 instance (<code>c5d.2xlarge</code>).
-</ul>
-Of the above, the only change that made a significant difference was the last: in going from a laptop and desktop computer to a dedicated EC2 instances, we went from over 70 tests (out of 200) with a variance of 5% or more between runs to 35.  As mentioned in the introduction, we should switch to a framework like <a href="https://java-performance.info/jmh/">JMH</a> to attack this problem more fundamentally.
-
-<p> If you want to setup your own EC2 instance for testing, here's how we did it.  We launched a dedicated EC2 <code>c5d.2xlarge</code> instance from the AWS console, using the "Amazon Linux 64-bit HVM GP2" AMI.  We logged into this instance and ran the following commands to install Docker and Git (we did all our Avro build and testing inside the Docker image):
-<pre>
-  sudo yum update
-  sudo yum install -y git-all
-  git config --global user.name "Your Name"
-  git config --global user.email email-address-used@github.com
-  git config --global core.editor emacs
-  sudo install -y docker
-  sudo usermod -aG docker ec2-user ## Need to log back in for this to take effect
-  sudo service docker start
-</pre>
-At this point you can checkout Avro and launch your Docker container:
-<pre>
-  git clone https://github.com/apache/avro.git
-  cd avro
-  screen
-  ./build.sh docker --args "--cpuset-cpus 2,6"
-</pre>
-Note the use of <code>screen</code> here: executions of <code>run-perf.sh</code> can take a few hours, depending on the configuration.  By running it inside of <code>screen</code>, you are protected from an SSH disconnection causing <code>run-perf.sh</code> to prematurely terminate.
-
-<p>The <code>--args</code> flag in the last command deserves some explanation.  In general, the <code>--args</code> allows you to pass additional arguments to the <code>docker&nbsp;run</code> command executed inside <code>build.sh</code>.  In this case, the <code>--cpuset-cpus</code> flag for <code>docker</code> tells docker to schedule the contianer exclusively on the listed (virtual) CPUs.  We identified vCPUs 2 and 6 using the <code>lscpu</code> Linux command:
-<pre>
-  [ec2-user@ip-0-0-0-0 avro]$ lscpu --extended
-  CPU NODE SOCKET CORE L1d:L1i:L2:L3 ONLINE
-  0   0    0      0    0:0:0:0       yes
-  1   0    0      1    1:1:1:0       yes
-  2   0    0      2    2:2:2:0       yes
-  3   0    0      3    3:3:3:0       yes
-  4   0    0      0    0:0:0:0       yes
-  5   0    0      1    1:1:1:0       yes
-  6   0    0      2    2:2:2:0       yes
-  7   0    0      3    3:3:3:0       yes
-</pre>
-Notice that (v)CPUs 2 and 6 are both on core 2: it's sufficient to schedule the container on the same core, vs a single vCPU.  One final tip: to confirm that your container is running on the expected CPUs, run <code>top</code> and then press the <code>1</code> key -- this will show you the load on each individual CPU.
-
-
-<h1>Appendix A: Sample uses of run-perf.sh</h1>
-
-<p>A detailed explanation of <code>run-perf.sh</code> is printed when you give it the <code>--help</code> flag.  To help you more quickly understand how to use <code>run-perf.sh</code> we present here a few examples of how we used it in our recent testing efforts.
-
-<p>  To summarize, you invoke it as follows:
-<pre>
-    ../../../share/test/run-perf.sh [--out-dir D] \
-       [--perf-args STRING] [-Dkey=value]* [--] \
-       [-Dkey=value]* branch_baseline[:name_baseline_run] \
-       [-Dkey=value]* branch_1[:name_treatment_run_1] \
-       ... <br>
-       [-Dkey=value]* branch_n[:name_treatment_run_n] <br>
-</pre>
-The path given here is relative to the <code>lang/java/ipc</code> directory, which needs to be the current working directory when calling this script.  The script executes multiple <em>runs</em> of testing.  The first run is called the <em>baseline run</em>, the subsequent runs are the <em>treatment runs</em>.  Each run consists of four identical executions of <code>Perf.java</code>.  The running times for each <code>Perf.java</code> test are averaged to obtain the final running time for the test.  For each treatment run, the final running times for each test are compared, as a percentage, to the running time for the test in the baseline run.  These percentages are output in the file <code>summary.csv</code>.
-
-<p>The following invocation is what we used to measure the variance of <code>Perf.java</code>:
-<pre>
-../../../share/test/run-perf.sh --out-dir ~/calibration \
-    -Dorg.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders=true \
-    AVRO-2269:baseline AVRO-2269:run1 AVRO-2269:run2 AVRO-2269:run3
-</pre>
-In this invocation, the baseline run and all three treatment runs come from the same Git branch: <code>AVRO-2269</code>.  We need to give a name to each run: in this case runs have been named "baseline"--the baseline run--and "run1", "run2", and "run3"--the treatment runs.  Note that the name of the Git branch to be used for a run must always be provided, but the name for the run itself (e.g., "baseline") is optional.  If a name for the run is not provided, then the name of the Git branch will be used as the name of the run.  However, each run must have a unique name, so in this example we had to explicitly name the branches since all runs are on the same branch.
-
-<p><code>run-perf.sh</code> uses Maven to invoke <code>Perf.java</code>.  The <code>-D</code> flag is used to pass system properties to Maven, which in turn will pass them through to <code>Perf.java</code>.  In the example above, we use this flag to turn on the custom-coders feature recently checked into Avro.  Note that initial <code>-D</code> flags will be passed to <em>all</em> runs, while <code>-D</code> switches that come just before the name of Git branch of a run apply to only that run.  In the case of the baseline run, which comes first, if you want to pass <code>-D</code> flags to just that run, then use the <code>--</code> flag to indicate that all global parameters for <code>run-perf.sh</code> have been provided, followed by the <code>-D</code> flags you want to pass to only the baseline run.
-
-<p>Finally, note that <code>run-perf.sh</code> generates a lot of intermediate files as well as the final <code>summary.csv</code> file.  Thus, it is recommended that the output of each execution of <code>run-pref.sh</code> is sent to a dedicated directory, provided by the <code>--out-dir</code> flag.  If that directory does not exist, it will be created.  (Observe that <code>run-perf.sh</code> outputs a file called <code>command.txt</code> containing the full command-line used to invoke it.  This can be helpful if you run a lot of experiments and forget the detailed setup of some of them along the way.)
-
-<p>The next invocation is what we used to ensure that the new "custom coders" optimization for specific records does indeed improve performance:
-<pre>
-../../../share/test/run-perf.sh --out-dir ~/retest-codegen \
-    --perf-args "-Sf" \
-    AVRO-2269:baseline \
-    -Dorg.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders=true AVRO-2269:custom-coders
-</pre>
-In this case, unlike the previous one, the <code>-D</code> flag that turns on the use of custom coders is applied specifically to the treatment run, and not globally.  Also, since this flag only affects the Specific Record case, we use the <code>--perf-args</code> flag to pass additional arguments to <code>Perf.java</code>; in this case, the <code>-Sf</code> flag tells <code>Perf.java</code> to run just the specific-record related tests and not the entire test suite.
-
-<p>This last example shows how we checked the performance impact of two new feature-branches we've been developing:
-<pre>
-../../../share/test/run-perf.sh --out-dir ~/new-branches \
-    -Dorg.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders=true \
-    AVRO-2269:baseline combined-opts full-refactor
-</pre>
-In this case, once again, we turn on custom-coders for all runs.  In this case, again, the Git branch <code>AVRO-2269</code> is used for our baseline run.  However, in this case, the treatment runs come from two other Git branches: <code>combined-opts</code> and <code>full-refactor</code>.  We didn't provide run-names for these runs because the Git branch-name were fine to be used as run names (we explicitly named the first run "baseline" not because we had to, but because we like the convention of using that name).
-
-<p>Although we didn't state it before, in preparing for a run, <code>run-perf.sh</code> will checkout the Git branch to be used for the run and use <code>mvn&nbsp;install</code> to build and install it.  It does this for each branch, so the invocation just given will checkout and build three different branches during its overall execution.  (As an optimization, if one run uses the same branch as the previous run, then the branch is <em>not</em> checked-out or rebuilt between runs.)
-
-</body>
-</html>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/mddocs/refactoring-resolution.md b/doc/src/content/mddocs/refactoring-resolution.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 860f5c802db..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/mddocs/refactoring-resolution.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
--->
-
-# Refactoring Resolution
-by Raymie Stata
-
-
-## Problem statement
-
-In the early days of Avro, Schema resolution was implemented in a
-number of places, e.g., `GenericDatumReader` as well as
-`ResolvingGrammarGenerator`.  However, Schema resolution is
-complicated and thus error prone.  Multiple implementations were hard
-to maintain, both for correctness and for updates to the
-schema-resolution spec.
-
-To address the problems of multiple implementations, we converged on
-the implementation found in `ResolvingGrammarGenerator` (together with
-`ResolvingDecoder`) as the single implementation, and refactored other
-parts of Avro to depend on this implementation.
-
-Converging on a single implementation solved the maintenance problem,
-and has served well for a number of years.  However, the logic in
-`ResolvingGrammarGenerator` does _two_ things: it contains the logic
-for _schema resolution_ itself, and it contains the logic for
-embedding that logic into a grammar that can be used by
-`ResolvingDecoder`.
-
-Recently, Avro contributors have wanted access to the logic of schema
-resolution _apart from_ `ResolvingDecoder`.  For example,
-[AVRO-2247](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2247) proposes
-a new, faster approach to implementing `DatumReaders`.  The initial
-implementation of AVRO-2247 was forced to reimplement Schema
-resolution -- going back to the world of multiple implementations --
-because there isn't a reusable implementation of our resolution logic.
-
-Similarly, as I've been working on extending the performance
-improvements of
-[AVRO-2090](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2090) when
-writing data, I've been thinking about the possibilities of dynamic
-code generation.  Here too, I can't reuse `ResolvingGrammarGenerator`,
-which would force me to reimplement the schema-resolution logic.
-
-
-## Proposed solution
-
-We introduce a new class to encapsulate the logic of schema resolution
-independent from the logic of implementing schema resolution as a
-`ResolvingDecoder` grammar.  In particular, we introduce a new class
-`org.apache.avro.Resolver` with the following key function:
-
-    public static Resolver.Action resolve(Schema writer, Schema reader);
-
-The subclasses of `Resolver.Action` encapsulate various ways to
-resolve schemas.  The `resolve` function walks the reader's and
-writer's schema parse trees together, and generate a tree of
-`Resolver.Action` nodes indicating how to resolve each subtree of the
-writer's schema into the corresponding subtree of the reader's.
-
-`Resolve.Action` has the following subclasses:
-
-   * `DoNothing` -- nothing needs to be done to resolve the writer's
-     data into the reader's schema.  That is, the reader should read
-     the data written by the writer as if it were written using the
-     reader's own schema.  This can be generated for any kind of
-     schema -- for example, if the reader's and writer's schemas are
-     the exact same union schema, a `DoNothing` will be generated --
-     so consumers of `Resolver` need to be able to handle `DoNothing`
-     for all schemas.
-
-   * `Promote` -- the writer's value needs to be promoted to the
-     reader's schema.  Generated only for numeric and byte/string
-     types.
-
-   * `ContainerAction` -- no resolution is needed directly on
-     container schemas, but a `ContainerAction` contains the `Action`
-     needed for the contained schema
-
-   * `EnumAdjust` -- resolution involves dealing with reordering of
-     symbols and symbols that have been removed from the enumeration.
-     An `EnumAdjust` object contains the information needed to do so.
-
-   * `RecordAdjust` -- resolution involves recursively resolving the
-     schemas for each field, and dealing with reordering and removal
-     of fields.  A `RecordAdjust` object contains the information
-     needed to do so.
-
-   * `SkipAction` -- only generated as a sub-action of a
-     `RecordAdjust` action.  Used to indicate that a writer's field
-     does not appear in the reader's schema and thus should be
-     skipped.
-
-   * `WriterUnion` -- generated when the writer's schema is a union
-     and the reader's schema is not the identical union.  Has
-     subactions for resolving each branch of the writer's union
-     against the reader's schema.
-
-   * `ReaderUnion` -- generated when the reader's schema is a union
-     and the writer's was not.  Had information indicating which of
-     the reader's union-branch was the best fit for the writer's
-     schema, and a subaction for resolving the schema of that branch
-     against the writer's schema.
-
-   * `ErrorAction` -- generated when the (sub)schemas can't be
-     resolved.
-
-These new classes aresimilar to the family of `Symbol` objects we've
-defined for `ResolvingGrammarGenerator`.  For example,
-`Action.RecordAdjust` is similar to `Symbol.FieldOrderAction`, and
-`Action.EnumAdjust` in `Symbol.EnumAdjustAction`.  This similarity is
-not surprising, since those `Symbol` objects were design to
-encapsulate the logic of schema resolution as well.
-
-However, where `ResolvingGrammarGenerator` embeds those `Symbol`
-objects into flattened productions highly optimized for the LL(1)
-parser implemented by `ResolvingDecoder`.  The `Resolver`, in
-contrast, captures the schema-resolution logic in a tree-like
-structure that closely mirrors the syntax-tree of the schemas being
-resolved.  This tree-like representation is easily consumed by
-multiple implementations of resolution -- be it the grammar-based
-implementation of `ResolvingDecoder`, the "action-sequence"-based
-implementation of AVRO-2247, or the dynamic code-gen implementation
-being considered as an extension to AVRO-2090.
-
-We have reimplemented `ResolvingGrammarGenerator` to eliminate it's
-implementaiton of schema-resolution logic and instead consume the
-output of `Resolver.resolve`.  Thus, it might be helpful to study
-`ResolvingGrammarGenerator` to better understand how to consume this
-output in other circumstances.
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedjava.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedjava.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 5440b07efe4..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedjava.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,527 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN"
-   "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; Getting Started (Java)</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-    <p>
-      This is a short guide for getting started with Apache Avro&#153; using
-      Java.  This guide only covers using Avro for data serialization; see
-      Patrick Hunt's <a href="https://github.com/phunt/avro-rpc-quickstart">Avro
-      RPC Quick Start</a> for a good introduction to using Avro for RPC.
-    </p>
-    <section id="download_install">
-      <title>Download</title>
-      <p>
-        Avro implementations for C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, Python, and Ruby can be
-        downloaded from the <a
-        href="https://avro.apache.org/releases.html">Apache Avro&#153;
-        Releases</a> page.  This guide uses Avro &AvroVersion;, the latest
-        version at the time of writing.  For the examples in this guide,
-        download <em>avro-&AvroVersion;.jar</em> and
-        <em>avro-tools-&AvroVersion;.jar</em>.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Alternatively, if you are using Maven, add the following dependency to
-        your POM:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-&#60;dependency&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.avro&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;avro&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;version&#62;&AvroVersion;&#60;/version&#62;
-&#60;/dependency&#62;
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        As well as the Avro Maven plugin (for performing code generation):
-      </p>
-      <source>
-&#60;plugin&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.avro&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;avro-maven-plugin&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;version&#62;&AvroVersion;&#60;/version&#62;
-  &#60;executions&#62;
-    &#60;execution&#62;
-      &#60;phase&#62;generate-sources&#60;/phase&#62;
-      &#60;goals&#62;
-        &#60;goal&#62;schema&#60;/goal&#62;
-      &#60;/goals&#62;
-      &#60;configuration&#62;
-        &#60;sourceDirectory&#62;${project.basedir}/src/main/avro/&#60;/sourceDirectory&#62;
-        &#60;outputDirectory&#62;${project.basedir}/src/main/java/&#60;/outputDirectory&#62;
-      &#60;/configuration&#62;
-    &#60;/execution&#62;
-  &#60;/executions&#62;
-&#60;/plugin&#62;
-&#60;plugin&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.maven.plugins&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;maven-compiler-plugin&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;configuration&#62;
-    &#60;source&#62;1.8&#60;/source&#62;
-    &#60;target&#62;1.8&#60;/target&#62;
-  &#60;/configuration&#62;
-&#60;/plugin&#62;
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        You may also build the required Avro jars from source.  Building Avro is
-        beyond the scope of this guide; see the <a
-        href="https://cwiki.apache.org/AVRO/Build+Documentation">Build
-        Documentation</a> page in the wiki for more information.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Defining a schema</title>
-      <p>
-        Avro schemas are defined using JSON.  Schemas are composed of <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_primitive">primitive types</a>
-        (<code>null</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>int</code>,
-        <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>double</code>,
-        <code>bytes</code>, and <code>string</code>) and <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_complex">complex types</a> (<code>record</code>,
-        <code>enum</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>map</code>,
-        <code>union</code>, and <code>fixed</code>).  You can learn more about
-        Avro schemas and types from the specification, but for now let's start
-        with a simple schema example, <em>user.avsc</em>:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-{"namespace": "example.avro",
- "type": "record",
- "name": "User",
- "fields": [
-     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
-     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
-     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
- ]
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        This schema defines a record representing a hypothetical user.  (Note
-        that a schema file can only contain a single schema definition.)  At
-        minimum, a record definition must include its type (<code>"type":
-        "record"</code>), a name (<code>"name": "User"</code>), and fields, in
-        this case <code>name</code>, <code>favorite_number</code>, and
-        <code>favorite_color</code>.  We also define a namespace
-        (<code>"namespace": "example.avro"</code>), which together with the name
-        attribute defines the "full name" of the schema
-        (<code>example.avro.User</code> in this case).
-
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Fields are defined via an array of objects, each of which defines a name
-        and type (other attributes are optional, see the <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_record">record specification</a> for more
-        details).  The type attribute of a field is another schema object, which
-        can be either a primitive or complex type.  For example, the
-        <code>name</code> field of our User schema is the primitive type
-        <code>string</code>, whereas the <code>favorite_number</code> and
-        <code>favorite_color</code> fields are both <code>union</code>s,
-        represented by JSON arrays.  <code>union</code>s are a complex type that
-        can be any of the types listed in the array; e.g.,
-        <code>favorite_number</code> can either be an <code>int</code> or
-        <code>null</code>, essentially making it an optional field.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Serializing and deserializing with code generation</title>
-      <section>
-        <title>Compiling the schema</title>
-        <p>
-          Code generation allows us to automatically create classes based on our
-          previously-defined schema.  Once we have defined the relevant classes,
-          there is no need to use the schema directly in our programs.  We use the
-          avro-tools jar to generate code as follows:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-&AvroVersion;.jar compile schema &#60;schema file&#62; &#60;destination&#62;
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          This will generate the appropriate source files in a package based on
-          the schema's namespace in the provided destination folder.  For
-          instance, to generate a <code>User</code> class in package
-          <code>example.avro</code> from the schema defined above, run
-        </p>
-        <source>
-java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-&AvroVersion;.jar compile schema user.avsc .
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Note that if you using the Avro Maven plugin, there is no need to
-          manually invoke the schema compiler; the plugin automatically
-          performs code generation on any .avsc files present in the configured
-          source directory.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Creating Users</title>
-        <p>
-          Now that we've completed the code generation, let's create some
-          <code>User</code>s, serialize them to a data file on disk, and then
-          read back the file and deserialize the <code>User</code> objects.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          First let's create some <code>User</code>s and set their fields.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-User user1 = new User();
-user1.setName("Alyssa");
-user1.setFavoriteNumber(256);
-// Leave favorite color null
-
-// Alternate constructor
-User user2 = new User("Ben", 7, "red");
-
-// Construct via builder
-User user3 = User.newBuilder()
-             .setName("Charlie")
-             .setFavoriteColor("blue")
-             .setFavoriteNumber(null)
-             .build();
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          As shown in this example, Avro objects can be created either by
-          invoking a constructor directly or by using a builder.  Unlike
-          constructors, builders will automatically set any default values
-          specified in the schema.  Additionally, builders validate the data as
-          it set, whereas objects constructed directly will not cause an error
-          until the object is serialized.  However, using constructors directly
-          generally offers better performance, as builders create a copy of the
-          datastructure before it is written.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          Note that we do not set <code>user1</code>'s favorite color. Since
-          that record is of type <code>["string", "null"]</code>, we can either
-          set it to a <code>string</code> or leave it <code>null</code>; it is
-          essentially optional.  Similarly, we set <code>user3</code>'s favorite
-          number to null (using a builder requires setting all fields, even if
-          they are null).
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Serializing</title>
-      <p>
-        Now let's serialize our <code>User</code>s to disk.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-// Serialize user1, user2 and user3 to disk
-DatumWriter&#60;User&#62; userDatumWriter = new SpecificDatumWriter&#60;User&#62;(User.class);
-DataFileWriter&#60;User&#62; dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter&#60;User&#62;(userDatumWriter);
-dataFileWriter.create(user1.getSchema(), new File("users.avro"));
-dataFileWriter.append(user1);
-dataFileWriter.append(user2);
-dataFileWriter.append(user3);
-dataFileWriter.close();
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        We create a <code>DatumWriter</code>, which converts Java objects into
-        an in-memory serialized format.  The <code>SpecificDatumWriter</code>
-        class is used with generated classes and extracts the schema from the
-        specified generated type.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Next we create a <code>DataFileWriter</code>, which writes the
-        serialized records, as well as the schema, to the file specified in the
-        <code>dataFileWriter.create</code> call.  We write our users to the file
-        via calls to the <code>dataFileWriter.append</code> method.  When we are
-        done writing, we close the data file.
-      </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Deserializing</title>
-        <p>
-          Finally, let's deserialize the data file we just created.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-// Deserialize Users from disk
-DatumReader&#60;User&#62; userDatumReader = new SpecificDatumReader&#60;User&#62;(User.class);
-DataFileReader&#60;User&#62; dataFileReader = new DataFileReader&#60;User&#62;(file, userDatumReader);
-User user = null;
-while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
-// Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
-// allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
-// many items.
-user = dataFileReader.next(user);
-System.out.println(user);
-}
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          This snippet will output:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-{"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256, "favorite_color": null}
-{"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"}
-{"name": "Charlie", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "blue"}
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Deserializing is very similar to serializing.  We create a
-          <code>SpecificDatumReader</code>, analogous to the
-          <code>SpecificDatumWriter</code> we used in serialization, which
-          converts in-memory serialized items into instances of our generated
-          class, in this case <code>User</code>.  We pass the
-          <code>DatumReader</code> and the previously created <code>File</code>
-          to a <code>DataFileReader</code>, analogous to the
-          <code>DataFileWriter</code>, which reads both the schema used by the
-          writer as well as the data from the file on disk. The data will be
-          read using the writer's schema included in the file and the
-          schema provided by the reader, in this case the <code>User</code>
-          class.  The writer's schema is needed to know the order in which
-          fields were written, while the reader's schema is needed to know what
-          fields are expected and how to fill in default values for fields
-          added since the file was written.  If there are differences between
-          the two schemas, they are resolved according to the
-          <a href="spec.html#Schema+Resolution">Schema Resolution</a>
-          specification.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          Next we use the <code>DataFileReader</code> to iterate through the
-          serialized <code>User</code>s and print the deserialized object to
-          stdout.  Note how we perform the iteration: we create a single
-          <code>User</code> object which we store the current deserialized user
-          in, and pass this record object to every call of
-          <code>dataFileReader.next</code>.  This is a performance optimization
-          that allows the <code>DataFileReader</code> to reuse the same
-          <code>User</code> object rather than allocating a new
-          <code>User</code> for every iteration, which can be very expensive in
-          terms of object allocation and garbage collection if we deserialize a
-          large data file.  While this technique is the standard way to iterate
-          through a data file, it's also possible to use <code>for (User user :
-          dataFileReader)</code> if performance is not a concern.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Compiling and running the example code</title>
-        <p>
-          This example code is included as a Maven project in the
-          <em>examples/java-example</em> directory in the Avro docs.  From this
-          directory, execute the following commands to build and run the
-          example:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ mvn compile # includes code generation via Avro Maven plugin
-$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.SpecificMain
-        </source>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Beta feature: Generating faster code</title>
-        <p>
-          In this release we have introduced a new approach to
-          generating code that speeds up decoding of objects by more
-          than 10% and encoding by more than 30% (future performance
-          enhancements are underway).  To ensure a smooth introduction
-          of this change into production systems, this feature is
-          controlled by a feature flag, the system
-          property <code>org.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders</code>.
-          In this first release, this feature is off by default.  To
-          turn it on, set the system flag to <code>true</code> at
-          runtime.  In the sample above, for example, you could enable
-          the fater coders as follows:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.SpecificMain \
-    -Dorg.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders=true
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Note that you do <em>not</em> have to recompile your Avro
-          schema to have access to this feature.  The feature is
-          compiled and built into your code, and you turn it on and
-          off at runtime using the feature flag.  As a result, you can
-          turn it on during testing, for example, and then off in
-          production.  Or you can turn it on in production, and
-          quickly turn it off if something breaks.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          We encourage the Avro community to exercise this new feature
-          early to help build confidence.  (For those paying
-          one-demand for compute resources in the cloud, it can lead
-          to meaningful cost savings.)  As confidence builds, we will
-          turn this feature on by default, and eventually eliminate
-          the feature flag (and the old code).
-        </p>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Serializing and deserializing without code generation</title>
-      <p>
-        Data in Avro is always stored with its corresponding schema, meaning we
-        can always read a serialized item regardless of whether we know the
-        schema ahead of time.  This allows us to perform serialization and
-        deserialization without code generation.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Let's go over the same example as in the previous section, but without
-        using code generation: we'll create some users, serialize them to a data
-        file on disk, and then read back the file and deserialize the users
-        objects.
-      </p>
-      <section>
-        <title>Creating users</title>
-        <p>
-          First, we use a <code>Parser</code> to read our schema definition and
-          create a <code>Schema</code> object.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(new File("user.avsc"));
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Using this schema, let's create some users.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-GenericRecord user1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
-user1.put("name", "Alyssa");
-user1.put("favorite_number", 256);
-// Leave favorite color null
-
-GenericRecord user2 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
-user2.put("name", "Ben");
-user2.put("favorite_number", 7);
-user2.put("favorite_color", "red");
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Since we're not using code generation, we use
-          <code>GenericRecord</code>s to represent users.
-          <code>GenericRecord</code> uses the schema to verify that we only
-          specify valid fields.  If we try to set a non-existent field (e.g.,
-          <code>user1.put("favorite_animal", "cat")</code>), we'll get an
-          <code>AvroRuntimeException</code> when we run the program.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          Note that we do not set <code>user1</code>'s favorite color.  Since
-          that record is of type <code>["string", "null"]</code>, we can either
-          set it to a <code>string</code> or leave it <code>null</code>; it is
-          essentially optional.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Serializing</title>
-        <p>
-          Now that we've created our user objects, serializing and deserializing
-          them is almost identical to the example above which uses code
-          generation.  The main difference is that we use generic instead of
-          specific readers and writers.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          First we'll serialize our users to a data file on disk.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-// Serialize user1 and user2 to disk
-File file = new File("users.avro");
-DatumWriter&#60;GenericRecord&#62; datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter&#60;GenericRecord&#62;(schema);
-DataFileWriter&#60;GenericRecord&#62; dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter&#60;GenericRecord&#62;(datumWriter);
-dataFileWriter.create(schema, file);
-dataFileWriter.append(user1);
-dataFileWriter.append(user2);
-dataFileWriter.close();
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          We create a <code>DatumWriter</code>, which converts Java objects into
-          an in-memory serialized format.  Since we are not using code
-          generation, we create a <code>GenericDatumWriter</code>.  It requires
-          the schema both to determine how to write the
-          <code>GenericRecord</code>s and to verify that all non-nullable fields
-          are present.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          As in the code generation example, we also create a
-          <code>DataFileWriter</code>, which writes the serialized records, as
-          well as the schema, to the file specified in the
-          <code>dataFileWriter.create</code> call.  We write our users to the
-          file via calls to the <code>dataFileWriter.append</code> method.  When
-          we are done writing, we close the data file.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Deserializing</title>
-        <p>
-          Finally, we'll deserialize the data file we just created.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-// Deserialize users from disk
-DatumReader&#60;GenericRecord&#62; datumReader = new GenericDatumReader&#60;GenericRecord&#62;(schema);
-DataFileReader&#60;GenericRecord&#62; dataFileReader = new DataFileReader&#60;GenericRecord&#62;(file, datumReader);
-GenericRecord user = null;
-while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
-// Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
-// allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
-// many items.
-user = dataFileReader.next(user);
-System.out.println(user);
-        </source>
-        <p>This outputs:</p>
-        <source>
-{"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256, "favorite_color": null}
-{"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"}
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Deserializing is very similar to serializing.  We create a
-          <code>GenericDatumReader</code>, analogous to the
-          <code>GenericDatumWriter</code> we used in serialization, which
-          converts in-memory serialized items into <code>GenericRecords</code>.
-          We pass the <code>DatumReader</code> and the previously created
-          <code>File</code> to a <code>DataFileReader</code>, analogous to the
-          <code>DataFileWriter</code>, which reads both the schema used by the
-          writer as well as the data from the file on disk. The data will be
-          read using the writer's schema included in the file, and the reader's
-          schema provided to the <code>GenericDatumReader</code>.  The writer's
-          schema is needed to know the order in which fields were written,
-          while the reader's schema is needed to know what fields are expected
-          and how to fill in default values for fields added since the file
-          was written.  If there are differences between the two schemas, they
-          are resolved according to the
-          <a href="spec.html#Schema+Resolution">Schema Resolution</a>
-          specification.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          Next, we use the <code>DataFileReader</code> to iterate through the
-          serialized users and print the deserialized object to stdout.  Note
-          how we perform the iteration: we create a single
-          <code>GenericRecord</code> object which we store the current
-          deserialized user in, and pass this record object to every call of
-          <code>dataFileReader.next</code>.  This is a performance optimization
-          that allows the <code>DataFileReader</code> to reuse the same record
-          object rather than allocating a new <code>GenericRecord</code> for
-          every iteration, which can be very expensive in terms of object
-          allocation and garbage collection if we deserialize a large data file.
-          While this technique is the standard way to iterate through a data
-          file, it's also possible to use <code>for (GenericRecord user :
-          dataFileReader)</code> if performance is not a concern.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Compiling and running the example code</title>
-        <p>
-          This example code is included as a Maven project in the
-          <em>examples/java-example</em> directory in the Avro docs.  From this
-          directory, execute the following commands to build and run the
-          example:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ mvn compile
-$ mvn -q exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=example.GenericMain
-        </source>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedpython.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedpython.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index f6216b116d8..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/gettingstartedpython.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN"
-   "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; Getting Started (Python)</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-    <p>
-      This is a short guide for getting started with Apache Avro&#153; using
-      Python.  This guide only covers using Avro for data serialization; see
-      Patrick Hunt's <a href="https://github.com/phunt/avro-rpc-quickstart">Avro
-      RPC Quick Start</a> for a good introduction to using Avro for RPC.
-    </p>
-
-    <section id="notice_python3">
-      <title>Notice for Python 3 users</title>
-      <p>
-        A package called "avro-python3" had been provided to support
-        Python 3 previously, but the codebase was consolidated into
-        the "avro" package that supports Python 3 now.
-
-        The avro-python3 package will be removed in the near future,
-        so users should use the "avro" package instead.
-        They are mostly API compatible, but there's a few minor difference
-        (e.g., function name capitalization,
-        such as avro.schema.Parse vs avro.schema.parse).
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="download_install">
-      <title>Download and Install</title>
-      <p>
-        The easiest way to get started in Python is to install <a href="https://pypi.org/project/avro/">avro from PyPI</a>
-        using <a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/">pip</a>, the Python Package Installer.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-$ python3 -m pip install avro
-      </source>
-      <p>Consider doing a local install or using a virtualenv to avoid permissions problems and interfering with system packages:</p>
-      <source>
-$ python3 -m pip install --user install avro
-      </source>
-      <p>or</p>
-      <source>
-        $ python3 -m venv avro-venv
-        $ avro-venv/bin/pip install avro
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        The official releases of the Avro implementations for C, C++, C#, Java,
-        PHP, Python, and Ruby can be downloaded from the <a
-        href="https://avro.apache.org/releases.html">Apache Avro&#153;
-        Releases</a> page. This guide uses Avro &AvroVersion;, the latest
-        version at the time of writing. Download and install
-        <em>avro-&AvroVersion;-py2.py3-none-any.whl</em> or
-        <em>avro-&AvroVersion;.tar.gz</em> via
-        <code>python -m pip avro-&AvroVersion;-py2.py3-none-any.whl</code>
-        or
-        <code>python -m pip avro-&AvroVersion;.tar.gz</code>.
-        (As above, consider using a virtualenv or user-local install.)
-      </p>
-      <p>Check that you can import avro from a Python prompt.</p>
-      <source>
-$ python3 -c 'import avro; print(avro.__version__)'
-      </source>
-      <p>The above should print &AvroVersion;. It should not raise an <code>ImportError</code>.</p>
-      <p>
-        Alternatively, you may build the Avro Python library from source. From
-        your the root Avro directory, run the commands
-      </p>
-      <source>
-$ cd lang/py/
-$ python3 -m pip install -e .
-$ python3
-      </source>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Defining a schema</title>
-      <p>
-        Avro schemas are defined using JSON.  Schemas are composed of <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_primitive">primitive types</a>
-        (<code>null</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>int</code>,
-        <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>double</code>,
-        <code>bytes</code>, and <code>string</code>) and <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_complex">complex types</a> (<code>record</code>,
-        <code>enum</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>map</code>,
-        <code>union</code>, and <code>fixed</code>).  You can learn more about
-        Avro schemas and types from the specification, but for now let's start
-        with a simple schema example, <em>user.avsc</em>:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-{"namespace": "example.avro",
- "type": "record",
- "name": "User",
- "fields": [
-     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
-     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
-     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
- ]
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        This schema defines a record representing a hypothetical user.  (Note
-        that a schema file can only contain a single schema definition.)  At
-        minimum, a record definition must include its type (<code>"type":
-        "record"</code>), a name (<code>"name": "User"</code>), and fields, in
-        this case <code>name</code>, <code>favorite_number</code>, and
-        <code>favorite_color</code>.  We also define a namespace
-        (<code>"namespace": "example.avro"</code>), which together with the name
-        attribute defines the "full name" of the schema
-        (<code>example.avro.User</code> in this case).
-
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Fields are defined via an array of objects, each of which defines a name
-        and type (other attributes are optional, see the <a
-        href="spec.html#schema_record">record specification</a> for more
-        details).  The type attribute of a field is another schema object, which
-        can be either a primitive or complex type.  For example, the
-        <code>name</code> field of our User schema is the primitive type
-        <code>string</code>, whereas the <code>favorite_number</code> and
-        <code>favorite_color</code> fields are both <code>union</code>s,
-        represented by JSON arrays.  <code>union</code>s are a complex type that
-        can be any of the types listed in the array; e.g.,
-        <code>favorite_number</code> can either be an <code>int</code> or
-        <code>null</code>, essentially making it an optional field.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Serializing and deserializing without code generation</title>
-      <p>
-        Data in Avro is always stored with its corresponding schema, meaning we
-        can always read a serialized item, regardless of whether we know the
-        schema ahead of time.  This allows us to perform serialization and
-        deserialization without code generation.  Note that the Avro Python
-        library does not support code generation.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Try running the following code snippet, which serializes two users to a
-        data file on disk, and then reads back and deserializes the data file:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-import avro.schema
-from avro.datafile import DataFileReader, DataFileWriter
-from avro.io import DatumReader, DatumWriter
-
-schema = avro.schema.parse(open("user.avsc", "rb").read())
-
-writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(), schema)
-writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
-writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
-writer.close()
-
-reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader())
-for user in reader:
-    print user
-reader.close()
-      </source>
-      <p>This outputs:</p>
-      <source>
-{u'favorite_color': None, u'favorite_number': 256, u'name': u'Alyssa'}
-{u'favorite_color': u'red', u'favorite_number': 7, u'name': u'Ben'}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        Do make sure that you open your files in binary mode (i.e. using the modes
-        <code>wb</code> or <code>rb</code> respectively). Otherwise you might
-        generate corrupt files due to
-        <a href="https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open">
-        automatic replacement</a> of newline characters with the
-        platform-specific representations.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Let's take a closer look at what's going on here.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-schema = avro.schema.parse(open("user.avsc", "rb").read())
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        <code>avro.schema.parse</code> takes a string containing a JSON schema
-        definition as input and outputs a <code>avro.schema.Schema</code> object
-        (specifically a subclass of <code>Schema</code>, in this case
-        <code>RecordSchema</code>).  We're passing in the contents of our
-        user.avsc schema file here.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(), schema)
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        We create a <code>DataFileWriter</code>, which we'll use to write
-        serialized items to a data file on disk.  The
-        <code>DataFileWriter</code> constructor takes three arguments:
-      </p>
-        <ul>
-          <li>The file we'll serialize to</li>
-          <li>A <code>DatumWriter</code>, which is responsible for actually
-          serializing the items to Avro's binary format
-          (<code>DatumWriter</code>s can be used separately from
-          <code>DataFileWriter</code>s, e.g., to perform IPC with Avro).</li>
-          <li>The schema we're using.  The <code>DataFileWriter</code> needs the
-          schema both to write the schema to the data file, and to verify that
-          the items we write are valid items and write the appropriate
-          fields.</li>
-        </ul>
-        <source>
-writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
-writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          We use <code>DataFileWriter.append</code> to add items to our data
-          file.  Avro records are represented as Python <code>dict</code>s.
-          Since the field <code>favorite_color</code> has type <code>["int",
-          "null"]</code>, we are not required to specify this field, as shown in
-          the first append.  Were we to omit the required <code>name</code>
-          field, an exception would be raised.  Any extra entries not
-          corresponding to a field are present in the <code>dict</code> are
-          ignored.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader())
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          We open the file again, this time for reading back from disk.  We use
-          a <code>DataFileReader</code> and <code>DatumReader</code> analagous
-          to the <code>DataFileWriter</code> and <code>DatumWriter</code> above.
-        </p>
-        <source>
-for user in reader:
-    print user
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          The <code>DataFileReader</code> is an iterator that returns
-          <code>dict</code>s corresponding to the serialized items.
-        </p>
-    </section>
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/idl.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/idl.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 52a607503b3..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/idl.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,486 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; IDL</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-
-    <section id="preamble">
-      <title>Introduction</title>
-
-      <p>This document defines Avro IDL, a higher-level language for authoring Avro schemata.
-      Before reading this document, you should have familiarity with the concepts of schemata and protocols,
-      as well as the various primitive and complex types available in Avro.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="overview">
-      <title>Overview</title>
-      <section id="overview_purpose">
-        <title>Purpose</title>
-        <p>The aim of the Avro IDL language is to enable developers to author schemata in a way that
-        feels more similar to common programming languages like Java, C++, or Python. Additionally,
-        the Avro IDL language may feel more familiar for those users who have previously used the
-        interface description languages (IDLs) in other frameworks like Thrift, Protocol Buffers, or CORBA.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-      <section id="overview_usage">
-        <title>Usage</title>
-        <p>
-          Each Avro IDL file defines a single Avro Protocol, and thus generates as its output a JSON-format
-          Avro Protocol file with extension <code>.avpr</code>.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          To convert a <code>.avdl</code> file into a <code>.avpr</code> file, it may be processed by the
-          <code>idl</code> tool. For example:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ java -jar avro-tools.jar idl src/test/idl/input/namespaces.avdl /tmp/namespaces.avpr
-$ head /tmp/namespaces.avpr
-{
-  "protocol" : "TestNamespace",
-  "namespace" : "avro.test.protocol",
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          The <code>idl</code> tool can also process input to and from <em>stdin</em> and <em>stdout</em>.
-          See <code>idl --help</code> for full usage information.
-        </p>
-        <p>A Maven plugin is also provided to compile .avdl files.  To
-        use it, add something like the following to your pom.xml:</p>
-<source><![CDATA[
-<build>
-  <plugins>
-    <plugin>
-      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-      <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-      <executions>
-        <execution>
-          <goals>
-            <goal>idl-protocol</goal>
-          </goals>
-        </execution>
-      </executions>
-    </plugin>
-  </plugins>
-</build>
-]]></source>
-      </section>
-    </section> <!-- end overview -->
-
-    <section id="defining_protocol">
-      <title>Defining a Protocol in Avro IDL</title>
-
-      <p>An Avro IDL file consists of exactly one protocol definition. The minimal protocol is defined
-      by the following code:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-protocol MyProtocol {
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        This is equivalent to (and generates) the following JSON protocol definition:
-      </p>
-  <!--  "namespace" : null, TODO: this is generated but shouldnt be - AVRO-263 -->
-      <source>
-{
-"protocol" : "MyProtocol",
-  "types" : [ ],
-  "messages" : {
-  }
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        The namespace of the protocol may be changed using the <code>@namespace</code> annotation:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-@namespace("mynamespace")
-protocol MyProtocol {
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        This notation is used throughout Avro IDL as a way of specifying properties for the annotated element,
-        as will be described later in this document.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Protocols in Avro IDL can contain the following items:
-      </p>
-        <ul>
-          <li>Imports of external protocol and schema files.</li>
-          <li>Definitions of named schemata, including <em>record</em>s, <em>error</em>s, <em>enum</em>s, and <em>fixed</em>s.</li>
-          <li>Definitions of RPC messages</li>
-        </ul>
-    </section>
-    <section id="imports">
-      <title>Imports</title>
-      <p>Files may be imported in one of three formats: </p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>An IDL file may be imported with a statement like:
-	  <source>import idl "foo.avdl";</source>
-	</li>
-        <li>A JSON protocol file may be imported with a statement like:
-	  <source>import protocol "foo.avpr";</source>
-	</li>
-        <li>A JSON schema file may be imported with a statement like:
-	  <source>import schema "foo.avsc";</source>
-	</li>
-      </ul>
-      <p>Messages and types in the imported file are added to this
-	file's protocol.</p>
-      <p>Imported file names are resolved relative to the current IDL file.</p>
-    </section>
-    <section id="format_enums">
-      <title>Defining an Enumeration</title>
-      <p>
-        Enums are defined in Avro IDL using a syntax similar to C or Java. An Avro Enum supports optional default values.
-        In the case that a reader schema is unable to recognize a symbol written by the writer, the reader will fall back to using the defined default value.
-        This default is only used when an incompatible symbol is read. It is not used if the enum field is missing.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Example Writer Enum Definition
-      </p>
-      <source>
-enum Shapes {
-  SQUARE, TRIANGLE, CIRCLE, OVAL
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        Example Reader Enum Definition
-      </p>
-      <source>
-enum Shapes {
-  SQUARE, TRIANGLE, CIRCLE
-} = CIRCLE;
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        In the above example, the reader will use the default value of CIRCLE whenever reading data written with the OVAL symbol of the writer.
-        Also note that, unlike the JSON format, anonymous enums cannot be defined.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-    <section id="format_fixed">
-      <title>Defining a Fixed Length Field</title>
-      <p>
-        Fixed fields are defined using the following syntax:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-fixed MD5(16);
-      </source>
-      <p>This example defines a fixed-length type called <code>MD5</code> which contains 16 bytes.</p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="format_records">
-      <title>Defining Records and Errors</title>
-      <p>
-        Records are defined in Avro IDL using a syntax similar to a <code>struct</code> definition in C:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-record Employee {
-  string name;
-  boolean active = true;
-  long salary;
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        The above example defines a record with the name &ldquo;Employee&rdquo; with three fields.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        To define an error, simply use the keyword <code>error</code> instead of <code>record</code>.
-        For example:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-error Kaboom {
-  string explanation;
-  int result_code = -1;
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        Each field in a record or error consists of a type and a name,
-        optional property annotations and an optional default value.
-      </p>
-      <p>A type reference in Avro IDL must be one of:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>A primitive type</li>
-        <li>A logical type</li>
-        <li>A named schema defined prior to this usage in the same Protocol</li>
-        <li>A complex type (array, map, or union)</li>
-      </ul>
-
-      <section id="primitive_types">
-        <title>Primitive Types</title>
-        <p>The primitive types supported by Avro IDL are the same as those supported by Avro's JSON format.
-        This list includes <code>int</code>, <code>long</code>, <code>string</code>, <code>boolean</code>,
-        <code>float</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>null</code>, and <code>bytes</code>.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="logical_types">
-        <title>Logical Types</title>
-        <p>Some of the logical types supported by Avro's JSON format are also supported by Avro IDL.
-        The currently supported types are:
-        </p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><code>decimal</code> (logical type <a href="spec.html#Decimal"><code>decimal</code></a>)</li>
-          <li><code>date</code> (logical type <a href="spec.html#Date"><code>date</code></a>)</li>
-          <li><code>time_ms</code> (logical type <a href="spec.html#Time+%28millisecond+precision%29"><code>time-millis</code></a>)</li>
-          <li><code>timestamp_ms</code> (logical type <a href="spec.html#Timestamp+%28millisecond+precision%29"><code>timestamp-millis</code></a>)</li>
-        </ul>
-        <p>For example:</p>
-        <source>
-record Job {
-  string jobid;
-  date submitDate;
-  time_ms submitTime;
-  timestamp_ms finishTime;
-  decimal(9,2) finishRatio;
-}
-        </source>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="schema_references">
-        <title>References to Named Schemata</title>
-        <p>If a named schema has already been defined in the same Avro IDL file, it may be referenced by name
-        as if it were a primitive type:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-record Card {
-  Suit suit; // refers to the enum Card defined above
-  int number;
-}
-        </source>
-      </section>
-      <section id="default_values">
-        <title>Default Values</title>
-
-	<p>Default values for fields may be optionally
-	specified by using an equals sign after the field name
-	followed by a JSON expression indicating the default value.
-	This JSON is interpreted as described in
-	the <a href="spec.html#schema_record">spec</a>.</p>
-
-      </section> <!-- default values -->
-      <section id="complex_types">
-        <title>Complex Types</title>
-
-        <section id="arrays">
-          <title>Arrays</title>
-          <p>
-            Array types are written in a manner that will seem familiar to C++ or Java programmers. An array of
-            any type <code>t</code> is denoted <code>array&lt;t&gt;</code>. For example, an array of strings is
-            denoted <code>array&lt;string&gt;</code>, and a multidimensional array of <code>Foo</code> records
-            would be <code>array&lt;array&lt;Foo&gt;&gt;</code>.
-          </p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section id="maps">
-          <title>Maps</title>
-          <p>Map types are written similarly to array types. An array that contains values of type
-          <code>t</code> is written <code>map&lt;t&gt;</code>. As in the JSON schema format, all
-          maps contain <code>string</code>-type keys.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section id="unions">
-          <title>Unions</title>
-          <p>Union types are denoted as <code>union { typeA, typeB, typeC, ... }</code>. For example,
-          this record contains a string field that is optional (unioned with <code>null</code>):
-          </p>
-          <source>
-record RecordWithUnion {
-  union { null, string } optionalString;
-}
-          </source>
-          <p>
-            Note that the same restrictions apply to Avro IDL unions as apply to unions defined in the
-            JSON format; namely, a record may not contain multiple elements of the same type.
-          </p>
-        </section> <!-- unions -->
-      </section> <!-- complex types -->
-    </section> <!-- how to define records -->
-    <section id="define_messages">
-      <title>Defining RPC Messages</title>
-      <p>The syntax to define an RPC message within a Avro IDL protocol is similar to the syntax for
-      a method declaration within a C header file or a Java interface. To define an RPC message
-      <code>add</code> which takes two arguments named <code>foo</code> and <code>bar</code>,
-      returning an <code>int</code>, simply include the following definition within the protocol:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-int add(int foo, int bar = 0);
-      </source>
-      <p>Message arguments, like record fields, may specify default
-      values.</p>
-      <p>To define a message with no response, you may use the alias <code>void</code>, equivalent
-      to the Avro <code>null</code> type:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-void logMessage(string message);
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        If you have previously defined an error type within the same protocol, you may declare that
-        a message can throw this error using the syntax:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-void goKaboom() throws Kaboom;
-      </source>
-      <p>To define a one-way message, use the
-      keyword <code>oneway</code> after the parameter list, for example:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-void fireAndForget(string message) oneway;
-      </source>
-    </section> <!-- define messages -->
-    <section id="minutiae">
-      <title>Other Language Features</title>
-      <section id="minutiae_comments">
-        <title>Comments</title>
-        <p>All Java-style comments are supported within a Avro IDL file. Any text following
-        <code>//</code> on a line is ignored, as is any text between <code>/*</code> and
-        <code>*/</code>, possibly spanning multiple lines.</p>
-        <p>Comments that begin with <code>/**</code> are used as the
-        documentation string for the type or field definition that
-        follows the comment.</p>
-      </section>
-      <section id="minutiae_escaping">
-        <title>Escaping Identifiers</title>
-        <p>Occasionally, one will need to use a reserved language keyword as an identifier. In order
-        to do so, backticks (<code>`</code>) may be used to escape the identifier. For example, to define
-        a message with the literal name <em>error</em>, you may write:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-void `error`();
-        </source>
-        <p>This syntax is allowed anywhere an identifier is expected.</p>
-      </section>
-      <section id="minutiae_annotations">
-        <title>Annotations for Ordering and Namespaces</title>
-        <p>Java-style annotations may be used to add additional
-          properties to types and fields throughout Avro IDL.</p>
-
-	<p>For example, to specify the sort order of a field within
-          a record, one may use the <code>@order</code> annotation
-          before the field name as follows:</p>
-        <source>
-record MyRecord {
-  string @order("ascending") myAscendingSortField;
-  string @order("descending")  myDescendingField;
-  string @order("ignore") myIgnoredField;
-}
-        </source>
-        <p>A field's type may also be preceded by annotations, e.g.: </p>
-        <source>
-record MyRecord {
-  @java-class("java.util.ArrayList") array&lt;string&gt; myStrings;
-}
-        </source>
-
-        <p>This can be used to support java classes that can be
-          serialized/deserialized via their toString/String constructor, e.g.:</p>
-        <source>
-record MyRecord {
-  @java-class("java.math.BigDecimal") string value;
-  @java-key-class("java.io.File") map&lt;string&gt; fileStates;
-  array&lt;@java-class("java.math.BigDecimal") string&gt; weights;
-}
-        </source>
-
-        <p>Similarly, a <code>@namespace</code> annotation may be used to modify the namespace
-        when defining a named schema. For example:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-@namespace("org.apache.avro.firstNamespace")
-protocol MyProto {
-  @namespace("org.apache.avro.someOtherNamespace")
-  record Foo {}
-
-  record Bar {}
-}
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          will define a protocol in the <code>firstNamespace</code> namespace. The record <code>Foo</code> will be
-          defined in <code>someOtherNamespace</code> and <code>Bar</code> will be defined in <code>firstNamespace</code>
-          as it inherits its default from its container.
-        </p>
-	<p>Type and field aliases are specified with
-	the <code>@aliases</code> annotation as follows:</p>
-        <source>
-@aliases(["org.old.OldRecord", "org.ancient.AncientRecord"])
-record MyRecord {
-  string @aliases(["oldField", "ancientField"]) myNewField;
-}
-        </source>
-        <p>Some annotations like those listed above are handled
-        specially.  All other annotations are added as properties to
-        the protocol, message, schema or field.</p>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-    <section id="example">
-      <title>Complete Example</title>
-      <p>The following is a complete example of a Avro IDL file that shows most of the above features:</p>
-      <source>
-/**
- * An example protocol in Avro IDL
- */
-@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
-protocol Simple {
-
-  @aliases(["org.foo.KindOf"])
-  enum Kind {
-    FOO,
-    BAR, // the bar enum value
-    BAZ
-  }
-
-  fixed MD5(16);
-
-  record TestRecord {
-    @order("ignore")
-    string name;
-
-    @order("descending")
-    Kind kind;
-
-    MD5 hash;
-
-    union { MD5, null} @aliases(["hash"]) nullableHash;
-
-    array&lt;long&gt; arrayOfLongs;
-  }
-
-  error TestError {
-    string message;
-  }
-
-  string hello(string greeting);
-  TestRecord echo(TestRecord `record`);
-  int add(int arg1, int arg2);
-  bytes echoBytes(bytes data);
-  void `error`() throws TestError;
-  void ping() oneway;
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>Additional examples may be found in the Avro source tree under the <code>src/test/idl/input</code> directory.</p>
-    </section>
-
-  <p><em>Apache Avro, Avro, Apache, and the Avro and Apache logos are
-   trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</em></p>
-
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/index.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/index.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 4247e212ec3..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/index.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN"
-   "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; Documentation</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-    <section id="intro">
-      <title>Introduction</title>
-      <p>Apache Avro&#153; is a data serialization system.</p>
-      <p>Avro provides:</p>
-	<ul>
-	  <li>Rich data structures.</li>
-	  <li>A compact, fast, binary data format.</li>
-	  <li>A container file, to store persistent data.</li>
-	  <li>Remote procedure call (RPC).</li>
-	  <li>Simple integration with dynamic languages.  Code
-	    generation is not required to read or write data files nor
-	    to use or implement RPC protocols.  Code generation as an
-	    optional optimization, only worth implementing for
-	    statically typed languages.</li>
-	</ul>
-    </section>
-    <section id="schemas">
-      <title>Schemas</title>
-      <p>Avro relies on <em>schemas</em>.  When Avro data is read, the
-	schema used when writing it is always present.  This permits
-	each datum to be written with no per-value overheads, making
-	serialization both fast and small.  This also facilitates use
-	with dynamic, scripting languages, since data, together with
-	its schema, is fully self-describing.</p>
-      <p>When Avro data is stored in a file, its schema is stored with
-	it, so that files may be processed later by any program.  If
-	the program reading the data expects a different schema this
-	can be easily resolved, since both schemas are present.</p>
-      <p>When Avro is used in RPC, the client and server exchange
-	schemas in the connection handshake.  (This can be optimized
-	so that, for most calls, no schemas are actually transmitted.)
-	Since both client and server both have the other's full
-	schema, correspondence between same named fields, missing
-	fields, extra fields, etc. can all be easily resolved.</p>
-      <p>Avro schemas are defined with
-	<a href="https://www.json.org/">JSON</a> .  This
-	facilitates implementation in languages that already have
-	JSON libraries.</p>
-    </section>
-    <section id="compare">
-      <title>Comparison with other systems</title>
-      <p>Avro provides functionality similar to systems such
-	as <a href="https://thrift.apache.org/">Thrift</a>,
-	<a href="https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/">Protocol
-	  Buffers</a>, etc.  Avro differs from these systems in the
-	  following fundamental aspects.</p>
-      <ul>
-	<li><em>Dynamic typing</em>: Avro does not require that code
-	  be generated.  Data is always accompanied by a schema that
-	  permits full processing of that data without code
-	  generation, static datatypes, etc.  This facilitates
-	  construction of generic data-processing systems and
-	  languages.</li>
-	<li><em>Untagged data</em>: Since the schema is present when
-	  data is read, considerably less type information need be
-	  encoded with data, resulting in smaller serialization size.</li>
-	<li><em>No manually-assigned field IDs</em>: When a schema
-	  changes, both the old and new schema are always present when
-	  processing data, so differences may be resolved
-	  symbolically, using field names.</li>
-      </ul>
-    </section>
-
-  <p><em>Apache Avro, Avro, Apache, and the Avro and Apache logos are
-   trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</em></p>
-
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/mr.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/mr.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index f5a70b95a58..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/mr.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,580 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN"
-   "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; Hadoop MapReduce guide</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-    <p>
-      Avro provides a convenient way to represent complex data structures within
-      a Hadoop MapReduce job.  Avro data can be used as both input to and output
-      from a MapReduce job, as well as the intermediate format.  The example in
-      this guide uses Avro data for all three, but it's possible to mix and
-      match; for instance, MapReduce can be used to aggregate a particular field
-      in an Avro record.
-    </p>
-    <p>
-      This guide assumes basic familiarity with both Hadoop MapReduce and Avro.
-      See the <a href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/">Hadoop
-      documentation</a> and the <a href="gettingstartedjava.html">Avro getting
-      started guide</a> for introductions to these projects.  This guide uses
-      the old MapReduce API (<code>org.apache.hadoop.mapred</code>) and the new
-      MapReduce API (<code>org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce</code>).
-    </p>
-    <section>
-      <title>Setup</title>
-      <p>
-        The code from this guide is included in the Avro docs under
-        <em>examples/mr-example</em>.  The example is set up as a Maven project
-        that includes the necessary Avro and MapReduce dependencies and the Avro
-        Maven plugin for code generation, so no external jars are needed to run
-        the example.  In particular, the POM includes the following dependencies:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-&#60;dependency&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.avro&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;avro&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;version&#62;&AvroVersion;&#60;/version&#62;
-&#60;/dependency&#62;
-&#60;dependency&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.avro&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;avro-mapred&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;version&#62;&AvroVersion;&#60;/version&#62;
-&#60;/dependency&#62;
-&#60;dependency&#62;
-  &#60;groupId&#62;org.apache.hadoop&#60;/groupId&#62;
-  &#60;artifactId&#62;hadoop-client&#60;/artifactId&#62;
-  &#60;version&#62;3.1.2&#60;/version&#62;
-&#60;/dependency&#62;
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        And the following plugin:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-&#60;plugin>
-  &#60;groupId>org.apache.avro&#60;/groupId>
-  &#60;artifactId>avro-maven-plugin&#60;/artifactId>
-  &#60;version>&AvroVersion;&#60;/version>
-  &#60;executions>
-    &#60;execution>
-      &#60;phase>generate-sources&#60;/phase>
-      &#60;goals>
-        &#60;goal>schema&#60;/goal>
-      &#60;/goals>
-      &#60;configuration>
-        &#60;sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/../&#60;/sourceDirectory>
-        &#60;outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/target/generated-sources/&#60;/outputDirectory>
-      &#60;/configuration>
-    &#60;/execution>
-  &#60;/executions>
-&#60;/plugin>
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        If you do not configure the <em>sourceDirectory</em> and <em>outputDirectory</em>
-        properties, the defaults will be used. The <em>sourceDirectory</em> property
-        defaults to <em>src/main/avro</em>. The <em>outputDirectory</em> property
-        defaults to <em>target/generated-sources</em>. You can change the paths to
-        match your project layout.
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        Alternatively, Avro jars can be downloaded directly from the <a
-        href="https://avro.apache.org/releases.html">Apache Avro&#153;
-        Releases</a> page.  The relevant Avro jars for this guide are
-        <em>avro-&AvroVersion;.jar</em> and
-        <em>avro-mapred-&AvroVersion;.jar</em>, as well as
-        <em>avro-tools-&AvroVersion;.jar</em> for code generation and viewing
-        Avro data files as JSON.  In addition, you will need to install Hadoop
-        in order to use MapReduce.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Example: ColorCount</title>
-      <p>
-        Below is a simple example of a MapReduce that uses Avro. There is an example
-        for both the old (<em>org.apache.hadoop.mapred</em>) and new
-        (<em>org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce</em>) APIs under
-        <em>examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/</em>. <em>MapredColorCount</em>
-        is the example for the older mapred API while <em>MapReduceColorCount</em> is
-        the example for the newer mapreduce API. Both examples are below, but
-        we will detail the mapred API in our subsequent examples.
-      </p>
-
-      <p>MapredColorCount:</p>
-      <source>
-package example;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.avro.*;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
-import org.apache.avro.mapred.*;
-import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;
-import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*;
-import org.apache.hadoop.util.*;
-
-import example.avro.User;
-
-public class MapredColorCount extends Configured implements Tool {
-
-  public static class ColorCountMapper extends AvroMapper&#60;User, Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> {
-    @Override
-    public void map(User user, AvroCollector&#60;Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> collector, Reporter reporter)
-        throws IOException {
-      CharSequence color = user.getFavoriteColor();
-      // We need this check because the User.favorite_color field has type ["string", "null"]
-      if (color == null) {
-        color = "none";
-      }
-      collector.collect(new Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>(color, 1));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static class ColorCountReducer extends AvroReducer&#60;CharSequence, Integer,
-                                                            Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> {
-    @Override
-    public void reduce(CharSequence key, Iterable&#60;Integer> values,
-                       AvroCollector&#60;Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> collector,
-                       Reporter reporter)
-        throws IOException {
-      int sum = 0;
-      for (Integer value : values) {
-        sum += value;
-      }
-      collector.collect(new Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>(key, sum));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    if (args.length != 2) {
-      System.err.println("Usage: MapredColorCount &#60;input path> &#60;output path>");
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    JobConf conf = new JobConf(getConf(), MapredColorCount.class);
-    conf.setJobName("colorcount");
-
-    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));
-    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));
-
-    AvroJob.setMapperClass(conf, ColorCountMapper.class);
-    AvroJob.setReducerClass(conf, ColorCountReducer.class);
-
-    // Note that AvroJob.setInputSchema and AvroJob.setOutputSchema set
-    // relevant config options such as input/output format, map output
-    // classes, and output key class.
-    AvroJob.setInputSchema(conf, User.getClassSchema());
-    AvroJob.setOutputSchema(conf, Pair.getPairSchema(Schema.create(Type.STRING),
-        Schema.create(Type.INT)));
-
-    JobClient.runJob(conf);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    int res = ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), new MapredColorCount(), args);
-    System.exit(res);
-  }
-}
-      </source>
-
-      <p>MapReduceColorCount:</p>
-      <source>
-package example;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroKey;
-import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroValue;
-import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroJob;
-import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroKeyInputFormat;
-import org.apache.avro.mapreduce.AvroKeyValueOutputFormat;
-import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
-import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
-import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
-import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
-import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
-
-import example.avro.User;
-
-public class MapReduceColorCount extends Configured implements Tool {
-
-  public static class ColorCountMapper extends
-      Mapper&lt;AvroKey&lt;User&gt;, NullWritable, Text, IntWritable&gt; {
-
-    @Override
-    public void map(AvroKey&lt;User&gt; key, NullWritable value, Context context)
-        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-
-      CharSequence color = key.datum().getFavoriteColor();
-      if (color == null) {
-        color = &quot;none&quot;;
-      }
-      context.write(new Text(color.toString()), new IntWritable(1));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static class ColorCountReducer extends
-      Reducer&lt;Text, IntWritable, AvroKey&lt;CharSequence&gt;, AvroValue&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; {
-
-    @Override
-    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable&lt;IntWritable&gt; values,
-        Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-
-      int sum = 0;
-      for (IntWritable value : values) {
-        sum += value.get();
-      }
-      context.write(new AvroKey&lt;CharSequence&gt;(key.toString()), new AvroValue&lt;Integer&gt;(sum));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    if (args.length != 2) {
-      System.err.println(&quot;Usage: MapReduceColorCount &lt;input path&gt; &lt;output path&gt;&quot;);
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    Job job = new Job(getConf());
-    job.setJarByClass(MapReduceColorCount.class);
-    job.setJobName(&quot;Color Count&quot;);
-
-    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
-    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
-
-    job.setInputFormatClass(AvroKeyInputFormat.class);
-    job.setMapperClass(ColorCountMapper.class);
-    AvroJob.setInputKeySchema(job, User.getClassSchema());
-    job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
-    job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
-
-    job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
-    job.setReducerClass(ColorCountReducer.class);
-    AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
-    AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
-
-    return (job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
-  }
-
-  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    int res = ToolRunner.run(new MapReduceColorCount(), args);
-    System.exit(res);
-  }
-}
-      </source>
-
-      <p>
-        ColorCount reads in data files containing <code>User</code> records,
-        defined in <em>examples/user.avsc</em>, and counts the number of
-        instances of each favorite color.  (This example draws inspiration from
-        the canonical WordCount MapReduce application.)  This example uses the
-        old MapReduce API.  See MapReduceAvroWordCount, found under
-        <em>doc/examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/</em> to see the new MapReduce
-        API example.  The <code>User</code>
-        schema is defined as follows:
-      </p>
-      <source>
-{"namespace": "example.avro",
- "type": "record",
- "name": "User",
- "fields": [
-     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
-     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
-     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
- ]
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        This schema is compiled into the <code>User</code> class used by
-        ColorCount via the Avro Maven plugin (see
-        <em>examples/mr-example/pom.xml</em> for how this is set up).
-      </p>
-      <p>
-        ColorCountMapper essentially takes a <code>User</code> as input and
-        extracts the <code>User</code>'s favorite color, emitting the key-value
-        pair <code>&#60;</code><em>favoriteColor</em><code>, 1></code>.
-        ColorCountReducer then adds up how many occurrences of a particular
-        favorite color were emitted, and outputs the result as a
-        <code>Pair</code> record.  These <code>Pair</code>s are serialized to an
-        Avro data file.
-      </p>
-      <section>
-        <title>Running ColorCount</title>
-        <p>
-          The ColorCount application is provided as a Maven project in the Avro
-          docs under <em>examples/mr-example</em>.  To build the project,
-          including the code generation of the User schema, run:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-mvn compile
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Next, run GenerateData from examples/mr-examples to create an Avro data
-          file, <em>input/users.avro</em>, containing 20 <code>User</code>s with
-          favorite colors chosen randomly from a list:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-mvn exec:java -q -Dexec.mainClass=example.GenerateData
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Besides creating the data file, GenerateData prints the JSON
-          representations of the Users generated to stdout, for example:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "red"}
-{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "green"}
-{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": "purple"}
-{"name": "user", "favorite_number": null, "favorite_color": null}
-...
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Now we're ready to run ColorCount.  We specify our freshly-generated
-          <em>input</em> folder as the input path and <em>output</em> as our
-          output folder (note that MapReduce will not start a job if the output
-          folder already exists):
-        </p>
-        <source>
-mvn exec:java -q -Dexec.mainClass=example.MapredColorCount -Dexec.args="input output"
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          Once ColorCount completes, checking the contents of the new
-          <em>output</em> directory should yield the following:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ ls output/
-part-00000.avro  _SUCCESS
-        </source>
-        <p>
-          You can check the contents of the generated Avro file using the avro-tools jar:
-        </p>
-        <source>
-$ java -jar /path/to/avro-tools-&AvroVersion;.jar tojson output/part-00000.avro
-{"value": 3, "key": "blue"}
-{"value": 7, "key": "green"}
-{"value": 1, "key": "none"}
-{"value": 2, "key": "orange"}
-{"value": 3, "key": "purple"}
-{"value": 2, "key": "red"}
-{"value": 2, "key": "yellow"}
-        </source>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-    <p>Now let's go over the ColorCount example in detail.</p>
-    <section>
-      <title>Mapper - org.apache.hadoop.mapred API</title>
-      <p>
-        The easiest way to use Avro data files as input to a MapReduce job is to
-        subclass <code>AvroMapper</code>.  An <code>AvroMapper</code> defines a
-        map function that takes an Avro datum as input and outputs a key/value
-        pair represented as a <code>Pair</code> record.  In the ColorCount
-        example, <code>ColorCountMapper</code> is an <code>AvroMapper</code>
-        that takes a <code>User</code> as input and outputs a
-        <code>Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>></code>, where the
-        <code>CharSequence</code> key is the user's favorite color and the
-        <code>Integer</code> value is 1.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-public static class ColorCountMapper extends AvroMapper&#60;User, Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> {
-  @Override
-  public void map(User user, AvroCollector&#60;Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> collector, Reporter reporter)
-      throws IOException {
-    CharSequence color = user.getFavoriteColor();
-    // We need this check because the User.favorite_color field has type ["string", "null"]
-    if (color == null) {
-      color = "none";
-    }
-    collector.collect(new Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>(color, 1));
-  }
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        In order to use our <code>AvroMapper</code>, we must call
-        <code>AvroJob.setMapperClass</code> and
-        <code>AvroJob.setInputSchema</code>.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-AvroJob.setMapperClass(conf, ColorCountMapper.class);
-AvroJob.setInputSchema(conf, User.getClassSchema());
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        Note that <code>AvroMapper</code> does not implement the
-        <code>Mapper</code> interface.  Under the hood, the specified Avro data
-        files are deserialized into <code>AvroWrapper</code>s containing the
-        actual data, which are processed by a <code>Mapper</code> that calls the
-        configured <code>AvroMapper</code>'s map function.
-        <code>AvroJob.setInputSchema</code> sets up the relevant configuration
-        parameters needed to make this happen, thus you should not need to call
-        <code>JobConf.setMapperClass</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setInputFormat</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setMapOutputKeyClass</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setMapOutputValueClass</code>, or
-        <code>JobConf.setOutputKeyComparatorClass</code>.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-      <title>Mapper - org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce API</title>
-      <p>
-        This document will not go into all the differences between the mapred and mapreduce APIs,
-        however will describe the main differences. As you can see, ColorCountMapper is now a
-        subclass of the Hadoop Mapper class and is passed an AvroKey as it's key.
-
-        Additionally, the AvroJob method calls were slightly changed.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-  public static class ColorCountMapper extends
-      Mapper&lt;AvroKey&lt;User&gt;, NullWritable, Text, IntWritable&gt; {
-
-    @Override
-    public void map(AvroKey&lt;User&gt; key, NullWritable value, Context context)
-        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-
-      CharSequence color = key.datum().getFavoriteColor();
-      if (color == null) {
-        color = &quot;none&quot;;
-      }
-      context.write(new Text(color.toString()), new IntWritable(1));
-    }
-  }
-      </source>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-      <title>Reducer - org.apache.hadoop.mapred API</title>
-      <p>
-        Analogously to <code>AvroMapper</code>, an <code>AvroReducer</code>
-        defines a reducer function that takes the key/value types output by an
-        <code>AvroMapper</code> (or any mapper that outputs <code>Pair</code>s)
-        and outputs a key/value pair represented a <code>Pair</code> record.  In
-        the ColorCount example, <code>ColorCountReducer</code> is an
-        <code>AvroReducer</code> that takes the <code>CharSequence</code> key
-        representing a favorite color and the <code>Iterable&#60;Integer></code>
-        representing the counts for that color (they should all be 1 in this
-        example) and adds up the counts.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-public static class ColorCountReducer extends AvroReducer&#60;CharSequence, Integer,
-                                                          Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> {
-  @Override
-  public void reduce(CharSequence key, Iterable&#60;Integer> values,
-                     AvroCollector&#60;Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>> collector,
-                     Reporter reporter)
-      throws IOException {
-    int sum = 0;
-    for (Integer value : values) {
-      sum += value;
-    }
-    collector.collect(new Pair&#60;CharSequence, Integer>(key, sum));
-  }
-}
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        In order to use our <code>AvroReducer</code>, we must call
-        <code>AvroJob.setReducerClass</code> and
-        <code>AvroJob.setOutputSchema</code>.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-AvroJob.setReducerClass(conf, ColorCountReducer.class);
-AvroJob.setOutputSchema(conf, Pair.getPairSchema(Schema.create(Type.STRING),
-                                                 Schema.create(Type.INT)));
-      </source>
-      <p>
-        Note that <code>AvroReducer</code> does not implement the
-        <code>Reducer</code> interface.  The intermediate <code>Pair</code>s
-        output by the mapper are split into <code>AvroKey</code>s and
-        <code>AvroValue</code>s, which are processed by a <code>Reducer</code>
-        that calls the configured <code>AvroReducer</code>'s reduce function.
-        <code>AvroJob.setOutputSchema</code> sets up the relevant configuration
-        parameters needed to make this happen, thus you should not need to call
-        <code>JobConf.setReducerClass</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setOutputFormat</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setOutputKeyClass</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setMapOutputKeyClass</code>,
-        <code>JobConf.setMapOutputValueClass</code>, or
-        <code>JobConf.setOutputKeyComparatorClass</code>.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-      <title>Reduce - org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce API</title>
-      <p>
-        As before we not detail every difference between the APIs. As with the Mapper
-        change ColorCountReducer is now a subclass of Reducer and AvroKey and AvroValue
-        are emitted.
-
-        Additionally, the AvroJob method calls were slightly changed.
-      </p>
-      <source>
-  public static class ColorCountReducer extends
-      Reducer&lt;Text, IntWritable, AvroKey&lt;CharSequence&gt;, AvroValue&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; {
-
-    @Override
-    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable&lt;IntWritable&gt; values,
-        Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
-
-      int sum = 0;
-      for (IntWritable value : values) {
-        sum += value.get();
-      }
-      context.write(new AvroKey&lt;CharSequence&gt;(key.toString()), new AvroValue&lt;Integer&gt;(sum));
-    }
-  }
-      </source>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-      <title>Learning more</title>
-      <p>
-        The mapred API allows users to mix Avro <code>AvroMapper</code>s and
-        <code>AvroReducer</code>s with non-Avro <code>Mapper</code>s and
-        <code>Reducer</code>s and the mapreduce API allows users input Avro
-        and output non-Avro or vice versa.
-      </p>
-
-      <p>
-        The mapred package has API <a
-        href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/api/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/package-summary.html">
-        <code>org.apache.avro.mapred</code> documentation</a> as does the <a
-        href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/api/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/package-summary.html">
-        <code>org.apache.avro.mapreduce</code> package</a>.
-        MapReduce API (<code>org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce</code>). Similarily to the mapreduce package,
-        it's possible with the mapred API to implement your own <code>Mapper</code>s and
-        <code>Reducer</code>s directly using the public classes provided in
-        these libraries.  See the AvroWordCount application, found under
-        <em>examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/AvroWordCount.java</em> in
-        the Avro documentation, for an example of implementing a
-        <code>Reducer</code> that outputs Avro data using the old MapReduce API.
-        See the MapReduceAvroWordCount application, found under
-        <em>examples/mr-example/src/main/java/example/MapReduceAvroWordCount.java</em> in
-        the Avro documentation, for an example of implementing a
-        <code>Reducer</code> that outputs Avro data using the new MapReduce API.
-      </p>
-    </section>
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/sasl.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/sasl.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 514cca5aff1..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/sasl.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN"
-   "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; SASL Profile</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-    <section id="intro">
-      <title>Introduction</title>
-      <p>SASL (<a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2222.txt">RFC 2222</a>)
-      provides a framework for authentication and security of network
-      protocols.  Each protocol that uses SASL is meant to define a
-      SASL <em>profile</em>.  This document provides a SASL profile
-      for connection-based Avro RPC.</p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="overview">
-      <title>Overview</title>
-      <p>SASL negotiation proceeds as a series of message interactions
-      over a connection between a client and server using a selected
-      SASL <em>mechanism</em>.  The client starts this negotiation by
-      sending its chosen mechanism name with an initial (possibly
-      empty) message.  Negotiation proceeds with the exchange of
-      messages until either side indicates success or failure.  The
-      content of the messages is mechanism-specific.  If the
-      negotiation succeeds, then the session can proceed over the
-      connection, otherwise it must be abandoned.</p>
-      <p>Some mechanisms continue to process session data after
-      negotiation (e.g., encrypting it), while some specify that
-      further session data is transmitted unmodifed.</p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="negotiation">
-      <title>Negotiation</title>
-      <section id="commands">
-	<title>Commands</title>
-	<p>Avro SASL negotiation uses four one-byte commands.</p>
-	<ul>
-	  <li><code>0: START</code>  Used in a client's initial message.</li>
-	  <li><code>1: CONTINUE</code> Used while negotiation is ongoing.</li>
-	  <li><code>2: FAIL</code> Terminates negotiation unsuccessfully.</li>
-	  <li><code>3: COMPLETE</code> Terminates negotiation sucessfully.</li>
-	</ul>
-
-	<p>The format of a START message is:</p>
-	<source>| 0 | 4-byte mechanism name length | mechanism name | 4-byte payload length | payload data |</source>
-
-	<p>The format of a CONTINUE message is:</p>
-	<source>| 1 | 4-byte payload length | payload data |</source>
-
-	<p>The format of a FAIL message is:</p>
-	<source>| 2 | 4-byte message length | UTF-8 message |</source>
-
-	<p>The format of a COMPLETE message is:</p>
-	<source>| 3 | 4-byte payload length | payload data |</source>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="process">
-	<title>Process</title>
-	<p>Negotiation is initiated by a client sending a START command
-	  containing the client's chosen mechanism name and any
-	  mechanism-specific payload data.</p>
-
-	<p>The server and client then interchange some number
-	  (possibly zero) of CONTINUE messages.  Each message contains
-	  payload data that is processed by the security mechanism to
-	  generate the next message.</p>
-
-	<p>Once either the client or server send a FAIL message then
-	  negotiation has failed.  UTF-8-encoded text is included in
-	  the failure message.  Once either a FAIL message has been
-	  sent or received, or any other error occurs in the
-	  negotiation, further communication on this connection must
-	  cease.</p>
-
-	<p>Once either the client or server send a COMPLETE message
-	  then negotiation has completed successfully.  Session data
-	  may now be transmitted over the connection until it is
-	  closed by either side.</p>
-      </section>
-
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="session">
-      <title>Session Data</title>
-      <p>If no SASL QOP (quality of protection) is negotiated, then
-	all subsequent writes to/reads over this connection are
-	written/read unmodified.  In particular, messages use
-	Avro <a href="spec.html#Message+Framing">framing</a>, and are
-	of the form:</p>
-      <source>| 4-byte frame length | frame data | ... | 4 zero bytes |</source>
-      <p>If a SASL QOP is negotiated, then it must be used by the
-	connection for all subsequent messages. This is done by
-	wrapping each non-empty frame written using the security
-	mechanism and unwrapping each non-empty frame read.  The
-	length written in each non-empty frame is the length of the
-	wrapped data. Complete frames must be passed to the security
-	mechanism for unwrapping.  Unwrapped data is then passed to
-	the application as the content of the frame.</p>
-      <p>If at any point processing fails due to wrapping, unwrapping
-	or framing errors, then all further communication on this
-	connection must cease.</p>
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="anonymous">
-      <title>Anonymous Mechanism</title>
-      <p>The SASL anonymous mechanism
-      (<a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2222.txt">RFC 2245</a>) is
-      quite simple to implement.  In particular, an initial anonymous
-      request may be prefixed by the following static sequence:</p>
-      <source>| 0 | 0009 | ANONYMOUS | 0000 |</source>
-      <p>If a server uses the anonymous mechanism, it should check
-      that the mechanism name in the start message prefixing the first
-      request received is 'ANONYMOUS', then simply prefix its initial
-      response with a COMPLETE message of:</p>
-      <source>| 3 | 0000 |</source>
-      <p>If an anonymous server recieves some other mechanism name,
-      then it may respond with a FAIL message as simple as:</p>
-      <source>| 2 | 0000 |</source>
-      <p>Note that the anonymous mechanism need add no additional
-      round-trip messages between client and server.  The START
-      message can be piggybacked on the initial request and the
-      COMPLETE or FAIL message can be piggybacked on the initial
-      response.</p>
-    </section>
-
-  <p><em>Apache Avro, Avro, Apache, and the Avro and Apache logos are
-   trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</em></p>
-
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/site.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/site.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index d3dcbb9435c..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/site.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-<!--
-Forrest site.xml
-
-This file contains an outline of the site's information content.  It is used to:
-- Generate the website menus (though these can be overridden - see docs)
-- Provide semantic, location-independent aliases for internal 'site:' URIs, eg
-<link href="site:changes"> links to changes.html (or ../changes.html if in
-  subdir).
-- Provide aliases for external URLs in the external-refs section.  Eg, <link
-  href="ext:cocoon"> links to https://cocoon.apache.org/
-
-See https://forrest.apache.org/docs/linking.html for more info
--->
-<!-- The label attribute of the outer "site" element will only show
-  in the linkmap (linkmap.html).
-  Use elements project-name and group-name in skinconfig to change name of
-  your site or project that is usually shown at the top of page.
-  No matter what you configure for the href attribute, Forrest will
-  always use index.html when you request https://yourHost/
-  See FAQ: "How can I use a start-up-page other than index.html?"
--->
-
-<site label="Avro" href="" xmlns="https://apache.org/forrest/linkmap/1.0">
-
-  <docs label="Documentation">
-    <overview   label="Overview"          href="index.html" />
-    <gettingstartedjava label="Getting started (Java)" href="gettingstartedjava.html" />
-    <gettingstartedpython label="Getting started (Python)" href="gettingstartedpython.html" />
-    <spec       label="Specification"     href="spec.html" />
-    <trevni     label="Trevni"            href="ext:trevni/spec" />
-    <java-api   label="Java API"          href="ext:api/java/index" />
-    <c-api      label="C API"             href="ext:api/c/index" />
-    <cpp-api    label="C++ API"           href="ext:api/cpp/index" />
-    <csharp-api label="C# API"            href="ext:api/csharp/index" />
-    <mr         label="MapReduce guide"  href="mr.html" />
-    <idl        label="IDL language"      href="idl.html" />
-    <sasl       label="SASL profile"      href="sasl.html" />
-    <wiki       label="Wiki"              href="ext:wiki" />
-    <faq        label="FAQ"               href="ext:faq" />
-  </docs>
-
-  <external-refs>
-    <site      href="https://avro.apache.org/"/>
-    <lists     href="https://avro.apache.org/mailing_lists.html"/>
-    <archive   href="https://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/hadoop-avro-commits/"/>
-    <releases  href="https://avro.apache.org/releases.html">
-      <download href="#Download" />
-    </releases>
-    <jira      href="https://avro.apache.org/issue_tracking.html"/>
-    <wiki      href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/AVRO/Index" />
-    <faq       href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/AVRO/FAQ" />
-    <json      href="https://www.json.org/" />
-    <vint      href="https://lucene.apache.org/java/3_5_0/fileformats.html#VInt"/>
-    <zigzag    href="https://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/encoding.html#types"/>
-    <api href="api/">
-      <c href="c/">
-	<index href="index.html" />
-      </c>
-      <cpp href="cpp/">
-	<index href="html/index.html" />
-      </cpp>
-      <csharp href="csharp/">
-	<index href="html/index.html" />
-      </csharp>
-      <java href="java/">
-	<index href="index.html" />
-      </java>
-    </api>
-    <trevni href="trevni/">
-      <spec href="spec.html"/>
-    </trevni>
-  </external-refs>
-
-</site>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/spec.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/spec.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 09a9d353d12..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/spec.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1624 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-<document>
-  <header>
-    <title>Apache Avro&#153; &AvroVersion; Specification</title>
-  </header>
-  <body>
-
-    <section id="preamble">
-      <title>Introduction</title>
-
-      <p>This document defines Apache Avro.  It is intended to be the
-        authoritative specification. Implementations of Avro must
-        adhere to this document.
-      </p>
-
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="schemas">
-      <title>Schema Declaration</title>
-      <p>A Schema is represented in <a href="ext:json">JSON</a> by one of:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>A JSON string, naming a defined type.</li>
-
-        <li>A JSON object, of the form:
-
-          <source>{"type": "<em>typeName</em>" ...<em>attributes</em>...}</source>
-
-          where <em>typeName</em> is either a primitive or derived
-          type name, as defined below.  Attributes not defined in this
-          document are permitted as metadata, but must not affect
-          the format of serialized data.
-          </li>
-        <li>A JSON array, representing a union of embedded types.</li>
-      </ul>
-
-      <section id="schema_primitive">
-        <title>Primitive Types</title>
-        <p>The set of primitive type names is:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><code>null</code>: no value</li>
-          <li><code>boolean</code>: a binary value</li>
-          <li><code>int</code>: 32-bit signed integer</li>
-          <li><code>long</code>: 64-bit signed integer</li>
-          <li><code>float</code>: single precision (32-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number</li>
-          <li><code>double</code>: double precision (64-bit) IEEE 754 floating-point number</li>
-          <li><code>bytes</code>: sequence of 8-bit unsigned bytes</li>
-          <li><code>string</code>: unicode character sequence</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>Primitive types have no specified attributes.</p>
-
-        <p>Primitive type names are also defined type names.  Thus, for
-          example, the schema "string" is equivalent to:</p>
-
-        <source>{"type": "string"}</source>
-
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="schema_complex">
-        <title>Complex Types</title>
-
-        <p>Avro supports six kinds of complex types: records, enums,
-        arrays, maps, unions and fixed.</p>
-
-        <section id="schema_record">
-          <title>Records</title>
-
-	  <p>Records use the type name "record" and support the following attributes:</p>
-	  <ul>
-	    <li><code>name</code>: a JSON string providing the name
-	    of the record (required).</li>
-	    <li><code>namespace</code>, a JSON string that qualifies the name;</li>
-	    <li><code>doc</code>: a JSON string providing documentation to the
-	    user of this schema (optional).</li>
-	    <li><code>aliases:</code> a JSON array of strings, providing
-	      alternate names for this record (optional).</li>
-	    <li><code>fields</code>: a JSON array, listing fields (required).
-	    Each field is a JSON object with the following attributes:
-	      <ul>
-		<li><code>name</code>: a JSON string providing the name
-		  of the field (required), and </li>
-		<li><code>doc</code>: a JSON string describing this field
-                  for users (optional).</li>
-		<li><code>type:</code> a <a href="#schemas">schema</a>, as defined above</li>
-		<li><code>default:</code> A default value for this
-      field, only used when reading instances that lack
-      the field for schema evolution purposes. The
-      presence of a default value does not make the
-      field optional at encoding time. Permitted values
-      depend on the field's schema type, according to the
-      table below. Default values for union fields correspond
-      to the first schema in the union. Default values for bytes
-      and fixed fields are JSON strings, where Unicode
-      code points 0-255 are mapped to unsigned 8-bit byte
-      values 0-255. Avro encodes a field even if its
-      value is equal to its default.
-		  <table class="right">
-		    <caption>field default values</caption>
-		    <tr><th>avro type</th><th>json type</th><th>example</th></tr>
-		    <tr><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>boolean</td><td>boolean</td><td>true</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>int,long</td><td>integer</td><td>1</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>float,double</td><td>number</td><td>1.1</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>bytes</td><td>string</td><td>"\u00FF"</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>string</td><td>string</td><td>"foo"</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>record</td><td>object</td><td>{"a": 1}</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>enum</td><td>string</td><td>"FOO"</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>array</td><td>array</td><td>[1]</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>map</td><td>object</td><td>{"a": 1}</td></tr>
-		    <tr><td>fixed</td><td>string</td><td>"\u00ff"</td></tr>
-		  </table>
-		</li>
-		<li><code>order:</code> specifies how this field
-		  impacts sort ordering of this record (optional).
-		  Valid values are "ascending" (the default),
-		  "descending", or "ignore".  For more details on how
-		  this is used, see the <a href="#order">sort
-		  order</a> section below.</li>
-		<li><code>aliases:</code> a JSON array of strings, providing
-		  alternate names for this field (optional).</li>
-	      </ul>
-	    </li>
-	  </ul>
-
-	  <p>For example, a linked-list of 64-bit values may be defined with:</p>
-	  <source>
-{
-  "type": "record",
-  "name": "LongList",
-  "aliases": ["LinkedLongs"],                      // old name for this
-  "fields" : [
-    {"name": "value", "type": "long"},             // each element has a long
-    {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "LongList"]} // optional next element
-  ]
-}
-	  </source>
-	</section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>Enums</title>
-
-	  <p>Enums use the type name "enum" and support the following
-	  attributes:</p>
-	  <ul>
-	    <li><code>name</code>: a JSON string providing the name
-	    of the enum (required).</li>
-	    <li><em>namespace</em>, a JSON string that qualifies the name;</li>
-	    <li><code>aliases:</code> a JSON array of strings, providing
-	      alternate names for this enum (optional).</li>
-	    <li><code>doc</code>: a JSON string providing documentation to the
-	    user of this schema (optional).</li>
-	    <li><code>symbols</code>: a JSON array, listing symbols,
-	    as JSON strings (required).  All symbols in an enum must
-	    be unique; duplicates are prohibited.  Every symbol must
-	    match the regular expression <code>[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*</code>
-	    (the same requirement as for <a href="#names">names</a>).</li>
-	    <li><code>default</code>: A default value for this
-	      enumeration, used during resolution when the reader
-	      encounters a symbol from the writer that isn't defined
-	      in the reader's schema (optional).  The value provided
-	      here must be a JSON string that's a member of
-	      the <code>symbols</code> array.
-	      See documentation on schema resolution for how this gets
-	      used.</li>
-	  </ul>
-	  <p>For example, playing card suits might be defined with:</p>
-	  <source>
-{
-  "type": "enum",
-  "name": "Suit",
-  "symbols" : ["SPADES", "HEARTS", "DIAMONDS", "CLUBS"]
-}
-	  </source>
-	</section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>Arrays</title>
-          <p>Arrays use the type name <code>"array"</code> and support
-          a single attribute:</p>
-	  <ul>
-            <li><code>items</code>: the schema of the array's items.</li>
-	  </ul>
-	  <p>For example, an array of strings is declared
-	  with:</p>
-    <source>
-{
-  "type": "array",
-  "items" : "string",
-  "default": []
-}
-    </source>
-	</section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>Maps</title>
-          <p>Maps use the type name <code>"map"</code> and support
-          one attribute:</p>
-	  <ul>
-            <li><code>values</code>: the schema of the map's values.</li>
-	  </ul>
-	  <p>Map keys are assumed to be strings.</p>
-	  <p>For example, a map from string to long is declared
-	  with:</p>
-    <source>
-{
-  "type": "map",
-  "values" : "long",
-  "default": {}
-}
-    </source>
-	</section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>Unions</title>
-          <p>Unions, as mentioned above, are represented using JSON
-          arrays.  For example, <code>["null", "string"]</code>
-          declares a schema which may be either a null or string.</p>
-          <p>(Note that when a <a href="#schema_record">default
-          value</a> is specified for a record field whose type is a
-          union, the type of the default value must match the
-          <em>first</em> element of the union.  Thus, for unions
-          containing "null", the "null" is usually listed first, since
-          the default value of such unions is typically null.)</p>
-	  <p>Unions may not contain more than one schema with the same
-	  type, except for the named types record, fixed and enum.  For
-	  example, unions containing two array types or two map types
-	  are not permitted, but two types with different names are
-	  permitted.  (Names permit efficient resolution when reading
-	  and writing unions.)</p>
-	  <p>Unions may not immediately contain other unions.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>Fixed</title>
-          <p>Fixed uses the type name <code>"fixed"</code> and supports
-          the following attributes:</p>
-	  <ul>
-	    <li><code>name</code>: a string naming this fixed (required).</li>
-	    <li><code>namespace</code>, a string that qualifies the name;</li>
-	    <li><code>aliases:</code> a JSON array of strings, providing
-	      alternate names for this enum (optional).</li>
-      <li><code>doc</code>: a JSON string providing documentation to the
-        user of this schema (optional).</li>
-      <li><code>size</code>: an integer, specifying the number
-        of bytes per value (required).</li>
-	  </ul>
-	  <p>For example, 16-byte quantity may be declared with:</p>
-	  <source>{"type": "fixed", "size": 16, "name": "md5"}</source>
-	</section>
-
-
-      </section> <!-- end complex types -->
-
-      <section id="names">
-	<title>Names</title>
-        <p>Record, enums and fixed are named types.  Each has
-          a <em>fullname</em> that is composed of two parts;
-          a <em>name</em> and a <em>namespace</em>.  Equality of names
-          is defined on the fullname.</p>
-	<p>The name portion of a fullname, record field names, and
-	  enum symbols must:</p>
-	<ul>
-          <li>start with <code>[A-Za-z_]</code></li>
-          <li>subsequently contain only <code>[A-Za-z0-9_]</code></li>
-	</ul>
-        <p>A namespace is a dot-separated sequence of such names.
-        The empty string may also be used as a namespace to indicate the
-        null namespace.
-        Equality of names (including field names and enum symbols)
-        as well as fullnames is case-sensitive.</p>
-        <p> The null namespace may not be used in a dot-separated
-        sequence of names.  So the grammar for a namespace
-        is:</p>
-        <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>&lt;empty&gt; | &lt;name&gt;[(&lt;dot&gt;&lt;name&gt;)*]</code></p>
-        <p>In record, enum and fixed definitions, the fullname is
-        determined in one of the following ways:</p>
-	<ul>
-	  <li>A name and namespace are both specified.  For example,
-	  one might use <code>"name": "X", "namespace":
-	  "org.foo"</code> to indicate the
-	  fullname <code>org.foo.X</code>.</li>
-	  <li>A fullname is specified.  If the name specified contains
-	  a dot, then it is assumed to be a fullname, and any
-	  namespace also specified is ignored.  For example,
-	  use <code>"name": "org.foo.X"</code> to indicate the
-	  fullname <code>org.foo.X</code>.</li>
-	  <li>A name only is specified, i.e., a name that contains no
-	  dots.  In this case the namespace is taken from the most
-	  tightly enclosing schema or protocol.  For example,
-	  if <code>"name": "X"</code> is specified, and this occurs
-	  within a field of the record definition
-	  of <code>org.foo.Y</code>, then the fullname
-	  is <code>org.foo.X</code>. If there is no enclosing
-	  namespace then the null namespace is used.</li>
-	</ul>
-	<p>References to previously defined names are as in the latter
-	two cases above: if they contain a dot they are a fullname, if
-	they do not contain a dot, the namespace is the namespace of
-	the enclosing definition.</p>
-	<p>Primitive type names have no namespace and their names may
-	not be defined in any namespace.</p>
-	<p> A schema or protocol may not contain multiple definitions
-	of a fullname.  Further, a name must be defined before it is
-	used ("before" in the depth-first, left-to-right traversal of
-	the JSON parse tree, where the <code>types</code> attribute of
-	a protocol is always deemed to come "before" the
-	<code>messages</code> attribute.)
-	</p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-	<title>Aliases</title>
-	<p>Named types and fields may have aliases.  An implementation
-        may optionally use aliases to map a writer's schema to the
-        reader's.  This faciliates both schema evolution as well as
-        processing disparate datasets.</p>
-	<p>Aliases function by re-writing the writer's schema using
-        aliases from the reader's schema.  For example, if the
-        writer's schema was named "Foo" and the reader's schema is
-        named "Bar" and has an alias of "Foo", then the implementation
-        would act as though "Foo" were named "Bar" when reading.
-        Similarly, if data was written as a record with a field named
-        "x" and is read as a record with a field named "y" with alias
-        "x", then the implementation would act as though "x" were
-        named "y" when reading.</p>
-	<p>A type alias may be specified either as a fully
-        namespace-qualified, or relative to the namespace of the name
-        it is an alias for.  For example, if a type named "a.b" has
-        aliases of "c" and "x.y", then the fully qualified names of
-        its aliases are "a.c" and "x.y".</p>
-      </section>
-
-    </section> <!-- end schemas -->
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Data Serialization and Deserialization</title>
-
-      <p>Binary encoded Avro data does not include type information or
-      field names.  The benefit is that the serialized data is small, but
-      as a result a schema must always be used in order to read Avro data
-      correctly.  The best way to ensure that the schema is structurally
-      identical to the one used to write the data is to use the exact same
-      schema.</p>
-
-      <p>Therefore, files or systems that store Avro data should always
-      include the writer's schema for that data.  Avro-based remote procedure
-      call (RPC) systems must also guarantee that remote recipients of data
-      have a copy of the schema used to write that data.  In general, it is
-      advisable that any reader of Avro data should use a schema that is
-      the same (as defined more fully in
-      <a href="#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas">Parsing Canonical Form for
-      Schemas</a>) as the schema that was used to write the data in order to
-      deserialize it correctly. Deserializing data into a newer schema is
-      accomplished by specifying an additional schema, the results of which are
-      described in <a href="#Schema+Resolution">Schema Resolution</a>.</p>
-
-      <p>In general, both serialization and deserialization proceed as a
-      depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the schema, serializing or
-      deserializing primitive types as they are encountered. Therefore, it is
-      possible, though not advisable, to read Avro data with a schema that
-      does not have the same Parsing Canonical Form as the schema with which
-      the data was written. In order for this to work, the serialized primitive
-      values must be compatible, in order value by value, with the items in the
-      deserialization schema. For example, int and long are always serialized
-      the same way, so an int could be deserialized as a long.  Since the
-      compatibility of two schemas depends on both the data and the
-      serialization format (eg. binary is more permissive than JSON because JSON
-      includes field names, eg. a long that is too large will overflow an int),
-      it is simpler and more reliable to use schemas with identical Parsing
-      Canonical Form.</p>
-
-      <section>
-	<title>Encodings</title>
-	<p>Avro specifies two serialization encodings: binary and
-	  JSON.  Most applications will use the binary encoding, as it
-	  is smaller and faster.  But, for debugging and web-based
-	  applications, the JSON encoding may sometimes be
-	  appropriate.</p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="binary_encoding">
-        <title>Binary Encoding</title>
-        <p>Binary encoding does not include field names, self-contained
-          information about the types of individual bytes, nor field or
-          record separators. Therefore readers are wholly reliant on
-          the schema used when the data was encoded.</p>
-
-	<section id="binary_encode_primitive">
-          <title>Primitive Types</title>
-          <p>Primitive types are encoded in binary as follows:</p>
-          <ul>
-            <li><code>null</code> is written as zero bytes.</li>
-            <li>a <code>boolean</code> is written as a single byte whose
-              value is either <code>0</code> (false) or <code>1</code>
-              (true).</li>
-            <li><code>int</code> and <code>long</code> values are written
-              using <a href="ext:vint">variable-length</a>
-	      <a href="ext:zigzag">zig-zag</a> coding.  Some examples:
-	      <table class="right">
-		<tr><th>value</th><th>hex</th></tr>
-		<tr><td><code> 0</code></td><td><code>00</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code>-1</code></td><td><code>01</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code> 1</code></td><td><code>02</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code>-2</code></td><td><code>03</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code> 2</code></td><td><code>04</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td colspan="2"><code>...</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code>-64</code></td><td><code>7f</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td><code> 64</code></td><td><code>&nbsp;80 01</code></td></tr>
-		<tr><td colspan="2"><code>...</code></td></tr>
-	      </table>
-	    </li>
-            <li>a <code>float</code> is written as 4 bytes. The float is
-              converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent
-              to <a href="https://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Float.html#floatToIntBits%28float%29">Java's floatToIntBits</a> and then encoded
-              in little-endian format.</li>
-            <li>a <code>double</code> is written as 8 bytes. The double
-              is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent
-              to <a href="https://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Double.html#doubleToLongBits%28double%29">Java's
-		doubleToLongBits</a> and then encoded in little-endian
-              format.</li>
-            <li><code>bytes</code> are encoded as
-              a <code>long</code> followed by that many bytes of data.
-            </li>
-            <li>a <code>string</code> is encoded as
-              a <code>long</code> followed by that many bytes of UTF-8
-              encoded character data.
-              <p>For example, the three-character string "foo" would
-              be encoded as the long value 3 (encoded as
-              hex <code>06</code>) followed by the UTF-8 encoding of
-              'f', 'o', and 'o' (the hex bytes <code>66 6f
-              6f</code>):
-              </p>
-              <source>06 66 6f 6f</source>
-            </li>
-          </ul>
-
-	</section>
-
-
-	<section id="binary_encode_complex">
-          <title>Complex Types</title>
-          <p>Complex types are encoded in binary as follows:</p>
-
-          <section id="record_encoding">
-            <title>Records</title>
-	    <p>A record is encoded by encoding the values of its
-	      fields in the order that they are declared.  In other
-	      words, a record is encoded as just the concatenation of
-	      the encodings of its fields.  Field values are encoded per
-	      their schema.</p>
-	    <p>For example, the record schema</p>
-	    <source>
-	      {
-	      "type": "record",
-	      "name": "test",
-	      "fields" : [
-	      {"name": "a", "type": "long"},
-	      {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-	      ]
-	      }
-	    </source>
-	    <p>An instance of this record whose <code>a</code> field has
-	      value 27 (encoded as hex <code>36</code>) and
-	      whose <code>b</code> field has value "foo" (encoded as hex
-	      bytes <code>06 66 6f 6f</code>), would be encoded simply
-	      as the concatenation of these, namely the hex byte
-	      sequence:</p>
-	    <source>36 06 66 6f 6f</source>
-	  </section>
-
-          <section id="enum_encoding">
-            <title>Enums</title>
-            <p>An enum is encoded by a <code>int</code>, representing
-              the zero-based position of the symbol in the schema.</p>
-	    <p>For example, consider the enum:</p>
-	    <source>
-	      {"type": "enum", "name": "Foo", "symbols": ["A", "B", "C", "D"] }
-	    </source>
-	    <p>This would be encoded by an <code>int</code> between
-	      zero and three, with zero indicating "A", and 3 indicating
-	      "D".</p>
-	  </section>
-
-
-          <section id="array_encoding">
-            <title>Arrays</title>
-            <p>Arrays are encoded as a series of <em>blocks</em>.
-              Each block consists of a <code>long</code> <em>count</em>
-              value, followed by that many array items.  A block with
-              count zero indicates the end of the array.  Each item is
-              encoded per the array's item schema.</p>
-
-            <p>If a block's count is negative, its absolute value is used,
-              and the count is followed immediately by a <code>long</code>
-              block <em>size</em> indicating the number of bytes in the
-              block.  This block size permits fast skipping through data,
-              e.g., when projecting a record to a subset of its fields.</p>
-
-            <p>For example, the array schema</p>
-            <source>{"type": "array", "items": "long"}</source>
-            <p>an array containing the items 3 and 27 could be encoded
-              as the long value 2 (encoded as hex 04) followed by long
-              values 3 and 27 (encoded as hex <code>06 36</code>)
-              terminated by zero:</p>
-            <source>04 06 36 00</source>
-
-            <p>The blocked representation permits one to read and write
-              arrays larger than can be buffered in memory, since one can
-              start writing items without knowing the full length of the
-              array.</p>
-
-          </section>
-
-	  <section id="map_encoding">
-            <title>Maps</title>
-            <p>Maps are encoded as a series of <em>blocks</em>.  Each
-              block consists of a <code>long</code> <em>count</em>
-              value, followed by that many key/value pairs.  A block
-              with count zero indicates the end of the map.  Each item
-              is encoded per the map's value schema.</p>
-
-            <p>If a block's count is negative, its absolute value is used,
-              and the count is followed immediately by a <code>long</code>
-              block <em>size</em> indicating the number of bytes in the
-              block.  This block size permits fast skipping through data,
-              e.g., when projecting a record to a subset of its fields.</p>
-
-            <p>The blocked representation permits one to read and write
-              maps larger than can be buffered in memory, since one can
-              start writing items without knowing the full length of the
-              map.</p>
-
-	  </section>
-
-          <section id="union_encoding">
-            <title>Unions</title>
-            <p>A union is encoded by first writing an <code>int</code>
-              value indicating the zero-based position within the
-              union of the schema of its value.  The value is then
-              encoded per the indicated schema within the union.</p>
-            <p>For example, the union
-              schema <code>["null","string"]</code> would encode:</p>
-            <ul>
-              <li><code>null</code> as zero (the index of "null" in the union):
-                <source>00</source></li>
-              <li>the string <code>"a"</code> as one (the index of
-                "string" in the union, encoded as hex <code>02</code>),
-                followed by the serialized string:
-                <source>02 02 61</source></li>
-            </ul>
-            <p><em>NOTE</em>: Currently for C/C++ implementations, the positions are practically an int, but theoretically a long.
-            In reality, we don't expect unions with 215M members </p>
-          </section>
-
-          <section id="fixed_encoding">
-            <title>Fixed</title>
-            <p>Fixed instances are encoded using the number of bytes
-              declared in the schema.</p>
-          </section>
-
-        </section> <!-- end complex types -->
-
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="json_encoding">
-        <title>JSON Encoding</title>
-
-        <p>Except for unions, the JSON encoding is the same as is used
-        to encode <a href="#schema_record">field default
-        values</a>.</p>
-
-        <p>The value of a union is encoded in JSON as follows:</p>
-
-        <ul>
-          <li>if its type is <code>null</code>, then it is encoded as
-          a JSON null;</li>
-          <li>otherwise it is encoded as a JSON object with one
-          name/value pair whose name is the type's name and whose
-          value is the recursively encoded value.  For Avro's named
-          types (record, fixed or enum) the user-specified name is
-          used, for other types the type name is used.</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>For example, the union
-          schema <code>["null","string","Foo"]</code>, where Foo is a
-          record name, would encode:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><code>null</code> as <code>null</code>;</li>
-          <li>the string <code>"a"</code> as
-            <code>{"string": "a"}</code>; and</li>
-          <li>a Foo instance as <code>{"Foo": {...}}</code>,
-          where <code>{...}</code> indicates the JSON encoding of a
-          Foo instance.</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>Note that the original schema is still required to correctly
-        process JSON-encoded data.  For example, the JSON encoding does not
-        distinguish between <code>int</code>
-        and <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>
-        and <code>double</code>, records and maps, enums and strings,
-        etc.</p>
-
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="single_object_encoding">
-        <title>Single-object encoding</title>
-
-        <p>In some situations a single Avro serialized object is to be stored for a
-        longer period of time. One very common example is storing Avro records
-        for several weeks in an <a href="https://kafka.apache.org/">Apache Kafka</a> topic.</p>
-        <p>In the period after a schema change this persistence system will contain records
-        that have been written with different schemas. So the need arises to know which schema
-        was used to write a record to support schema evolution correctly.
-        In most cases the schema itself is too large to include in the message,
-        so this binary wrapper format supports the use case more effectively.</p>
-
-        <section id="single_object_encoding_spec">
-          <title>Single object encoding specification</title>
-          <p>Single Avro objects are encoded as follows:</p>
-          <ol>
-            <li>A two-byte marker, <code>C3 01</code>, to show that the message is Avro and uses this single-record format (version 1).</li>
-            <li>The 8-byte little-endian CRC-64-AVRO <a href="#schema_fingerprints">fingerprint</a> of the object's schema</li>
-            <li>The Avro object encoded using <a href="#binary_encoding">Avro's binary encoding</a></li>
-          </ol>
-        </section>
-
-        <p>Implementations use the 2-byte marker to determine whether a payload is Avro.
-          This check helps avoid expensive lookups that resolve the schema from a
-          fingerprint, when the message is not an encoded Avro payload.</p>
-
-      </section>
-
-    </section>
-
-    <section id="order">
-      <title>Sort Order</title>
-
-      <p>Avro defines a standard sort order for data.  This permits
-        data written by one system to be efficiently sorted by another
-        system.  This can be an important optimization, as sort order
-        comparisons are sometimes the most frequent per-object
-        operation.  Note also that Avro binary-encoded data can be
-        efficiently ordered without deserializing it to objects.</p>
-
-      <p>Data items may only be compared if they have identical
-        schemas.  Pairwise comparisons are implemented recursively
-        with a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the schema.
-        The first mismatch encountered determines the order of the
-        items.</p>
-
-      <p>Two items with the same schema are compared according to the
-        following rules.</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li><code>null</code> data is always equal.</li>
-        <li><code>boolean</code> data is ordered with false before true.</li>
-        <li><code>int</code>, <code>long</code>, <code>float</code>
-          and <code>double</code> data is ordered by ascending numeric
-          value.</li>
-        <li><code>bytes</code> and <code>fixed</code> data are
-          compared lexicographically by unsigned 8-bit values.</li>
-        <li><code>string</code> data is compared lexicographically by
-          Unicode code point.  Note that since UTF-8 is used as the
-          binary encoding for strings, sorting of bytes and string
-          binary data is identical.</li>
-        <li><code>array</code> data is compared lexicographically by
-          element.</li>
-        <li><code>enum</code> data is ordered by the symbol's position
-          in the enum schema.  For example, an enum whose symbols are
-          <code>["z", "a"]</code> would sort <code>"z"</code> values
-          before <code>"a"</code> values.</li>
-        <li><code>union</code> data is first ordered by the branch
-          within the union, and, within that, by the type of the
-          branch.  For example, an <code>["int", "string"]</code>
-          union would order all int values before all string values,
-          with the ints and strings themselves ordered as defined
-          above.</li>
-        <li><code>record</code> data is ordered lexicographically by
-          field.  If a field specifies that its order is:
-          <ul>
-            <li><code>"ascending"</code>, then the order of its values
-              is unaltered.</li>
-            <li><code>"descending"</code>, then the order of its values
-              is reversed.</li>
-            <li><code>"ignore"</code>, then its values are ignored
-              when sorting.</li>
-          </ul>
-        </li>
-        <li><code>map</code> data may not be compared.  It is an error
-          to attempt to compare data containing maps unless those maps
-          are in an <code>"order":"ignore"</code> record field.
-        </li>
-      </ul>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Object Container Files</title>
-      <p>Avro includes a simple object container file format.  A file
-      has a schema, and all objects stored in the file must be written
-      according to that schema, using binary encoding.  Objects are
-      stored in blocks that may be compressed.  Syncronization markers
-      are used between blocks to permit efficient splitting of files
-      for MapReduce processing.</p>
-
-      <p>Files may include arbitrary user-specified metadata.</p>
-
-      <p>A file consists of:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>A <em>file header</em>, followed by</li>
-        <li>one or more <em>file data blocks</em>.</li>
-      </ul>
-
-      <p>A file header consists of:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>Four bytes, ASCII 'O', 'b', 'j', followed by 1.</li>
-        <li><em>file metadata</em>, including the schema.</li>
-        <li>The 16-byte, randomly-generated sync marker for this file.</li>
-      </ul>
-
-      <p>File metadata is written as if defined by the following <a
-      href="#map_encoding">map</a> schema:</p>
-      <source>{"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}</source>
-
-      <p>All metadata properties that start with "avro." are reserved.
-      The following file metadata properties are currently used:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li><strong>avro.schema</strong> contains the schema of objects
-        stored in the file, as JSON data (required).</li>
-        <li><strong>avro.codec</strong> the name of the compression codec
-        used to compress blocks, as a string.  Implementations
-        are required to support the following codecs: "null" and "deflate".
-        If codec is absent, it is assumed to be "null".  The codecs
-        are described with more detail below.</li>
-      </ul>
-
-      <p>A file header is thus described by the following schema:</p>
-      <source>
-{"type": "record", "name": "org.apache.avro.file.Header",
- "fields" : [
-   {"name": "magic", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Magic", "size": 4}},
-   {"name": "meta", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}},
-   {"name": "sync", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "Sync", "size": 16}},
-  ]
-}
-      </source>
-
-      <p>A file data block consists of:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li>A long indicating the count of objects in this block.</li>
-        <li>A long indicating the size in bytes of the serialized objects
-        in the current block, after any codec is applied</li>
-        <li>The serialized objects.  If a codec is specified, this is
-        compressed by that codec.</li>
-        <li>The file's 16-byte sync marker.</li>
-      </ul>
-          <p>Thus, each block's binary data can be efficiently extracted or skipped without
-          deserializing the contents.  The combination of block size, object counts, and
-          sync markers enable detection of corrupt blocks and help ensure data integrity.</p>
-      <section>
-      <title>Required Codecs</title>
-        <section>
-        <title>null</title>
-        <p>The "null" codec simply passes through data uncompressed.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section>
-        <title>deflate</title>
-        <p>The "deflate" codec writes the data block using the
-        deflate algorithm as specified in
-        <a href="https://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1951.txt">RFC 1951</a>,
-        and typically implemented using the zlib library.  Note that this
-        format (unlike the "zlib format" in RFC 1950) does not have a
-        checksum.
-        </p>
-        </section>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-	<title>Optional Codecs</title>
-        <section>
-          <title>bzip2</title>
-          <p>The "bzip2" codec uses the <a href="https://sourceware.org/bzip2/">bzip2</a>
-            compression library.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>snappy</title>
-          <p>The "snappy" codec uses
-            Google's <a href="https://code.google.com/p/snappy/">Snappy</a>
-            compression library.  Each compressed block is followed
-            by the 4-byte, big-endian CRC32 checksum of the
-            uncompressed data in the block.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>xz</title>
-          <p>The "xz" codec uses the <a href="https://tukaani.org/xz/">XZ</a>
-            compression library.</p>
-        </section>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>zstandard</title>
-          <p>The "zstandard" codec uses
-            Facebook's <a href="https://facebook.github.io/zstd/">Zstandard</a>
-            compression library.</p>
-        </section>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Protocol Declaration</title>
-      <p>Avro protocols describe RPC interfaces.  Like schemas, they are
-      defined with JSON text.</p>
-
-      <p>A protocol is a JSON object with the following attributes:</p>
-      <ul>
-        <li><em>protocol</em>, a string, the name of the protocol
-        (required);</li>
-        <li><em>namespace</em>, an optional string that qualifies the name;</li>
-        <li><em>doc</em>, an optional string describing this protocol;</li>
-        <li><em>types</em>, an optional list of definitions of named types
-          (records, enums, fixed and errors).  An error definition is
-          just like a record definition except it uses "error" instead
-          of "record".  Note that forward references to named types
-          are not permitted.</li>
-        <li><em>messages</em>, an optional JSON object whose keys are
-          message names and whose values are objects whose attributes
-          are described below.  No two messages may have the same
-          name.</li>
-      </ul>
-      <p>The name and namespace qualification rules defined for schema objects
-	apply to protocols as well.</p>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Messages</title>
-        <p>A message has attributes:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li>a <em>doc</em>, an optional description of the message,</li>
-          <li>a <em>request</em>, a list of named,
-            typed <em>parameter</em> schemas (this has the same form
-            as the fields of a record declaration);</li>
-          <li>a <em>response</em> schema; </li>
-          <li>an optional union of declared <em>error</em> schemas.
-	    The <em>effective</em> union has <code>"string"</code>
-	    prepended to the declared union, to permit transmission of
-	    undeclared "system" errors.  For example, if the declared
-	    error union is <code>["AccessError"]</code>, then the
-	    effective union is <code>["string", "AccessError"]</code>.
-	    When no errors are declared, the effective error union
-	    is <code>["string"]</code>.  Errors are serialized using
-	    the effective union; however, a protocol's JSON
-	    declaration contains only the declared union.
-	  </li>
-          <li>an optional <em>one-way</em> boolean parameter.</li>
-        </ul>
-        <p>A request parameter list is processed equivalently to an
-          anonymous record.  Since record field lists may vary between
-          reader and writer, request parameters may also differ
-          between the caller and responder, and such differences are
-          resolved in the same manner as record field differences.</p>
-	<p>The one-way parameter may only be true when the response type
-	  is <code>"null"</code> and no errors are listed.</p>
-      </section>
-      <section>
-        <title>Sample Protocol</title>
-        <p>For example, one may define a simple HelloWorld protocol with:</p>
-        <source>
-{
-  "namespace": "com.acme",
-  "protocol": "HelloWorld",
-  "doc": "Protocol Greetings",
-
-  "types": [
-    {"name": "Greeting", "type": "record", "fields": [
-      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
-    {"name": "Curse", "type": "error", "fields": [
-      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]}
-  ],
-
-  "messages": {
-    "hello": {
-      "doc": "Say hello.",
-      "request": [{"name": "greeting", "type": "Greeting" }],
-      "response": "Greeting",
-      "errors": ["Curse"]
-    }
-  }
-}
-        </source>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Protocol Wire Format</title>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Message Transport</title>
-        <p>Messages may be transmitted via
-        different <em>transport</em> mechanisms.</p>
-
-        <p>To the transport, a <em>message</em> is an opaque byte sequence.</p>
-
-        <p>A transport is a system that supports:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><strong>transmission of request messages</strong>
-          </li>
-          <li><strong>receipt of corresponding response messages</strong>
-            <p>Servers may send a response message back to the client
-            corresponding to a request message.  The mechanism of
-            correspondance is transport-specific.  For example, in
-            HTTP it is implicit, since HTTP directly supports requests
-            and responses.  But a transport that multiplexes many
-            client threads over a single socket would need to tag
-            messages with unique identifiers.</p>
-          </li>
-        </ul>
-
-	<p>Transports may be either <em>stateless</em>
-        or <em>stateful</em>.  In a stateless transport, messaging
-        assumes no established connection state, while stateful
-        transports establish connections that may be used for multiple
-        messages.  This distinction is discussed further in
-        the <a href="#handshake">handshake</a> section below.</p>
-
-        <section>
-          <title>HTTP as Transport</title>
-          <p>When
-            <a href="https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html">HTTP</a>
-            is used as a transport, each Avro message exchange is an
-            HTTP request/response pair.  All messages of an Avro
-            protocol should share a single URL at an HTTP server.
-            Other protocols may also use that URL.  Both normal and
-            error Avro response messages should use the 200 (OK)
-            response code.  The chunked encoding may be used for
-            requests and responses, but, regardless the Avro request
-            and response are the entire content of an HTTP request and
-            response.  The HTTP Content-Type of requests and responses
-            should be specified as "avro/binary".  Requests should be
-            made using the POST method.</p>
-	  <p>HTTP is used by Avro as a stateless transport.</p>
-        </section>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Message Framing</title>
-        <p>Avro messages are <em>framed</em> as a list of buffers.</p>
-        <p>Framing is a layer between messages and the transport.
-        It exists to optimize certain operations.</p>
-
-        <p>The format of framed message data is:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li>a series of <em>buffers</em>, where each buffer consists of:
-            <ul>
-              <li>a four-byte, big-endian <em>buffer length</em>, followed by</li>
-              <li>that many bytes of <em>buffer data</em>.</li>
-            </ul>
-          </li>
-          <li>A message is always terminated by a zero-length buffer.</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>Framing is transparent to request and response message
-        formats (described below).  Any message may be presented as a
-        single or multiple buffers.</p>
-
-        <p>Framing can permit readers to more efficiently get
-        different buffers from different sources and for writers to
-        more efficiently store different buffers to different
-        destinations.  In particular, it can reduce the number of
-        times large binary objects are copied.  For example, if an RPC
-        parameter consists of a megabyte of file data, that data can
-        be copied directly to a socket from a file descriptor, and, on
-        the other end, it could be written directly to a file
-        descriptor, never entering user space.</p>
-
-        <p>A simple, recommended, framing policy is for writers to
-        create a new segment whenever a single binary object is
-        written that is larger than a normal output buffer.  Small
-        objects are then appended in buffers, while larger objects are
-        written as their own buffers.  When a reader then tries to
-        read a large object the runtime can hand it an entire buffer
-        directly, without having to copy it.</p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="handshake">
-        <title>Handshake</title>
-
-	<p>The purpose of the handshake is to ensure that the client
-        and the server have each other's protocol definition, so that
-        the client can correctly deserialize responses, and the server
-        can correctly deserialize requests.  Both clients and servers
-        should maintain a cache of recently seen protocols, so that,
-        in most cases, a handshake will be completed without extra
-        round-trip network exchanges or the transmission of full
-        protocol text.</p>
-
-        <p>RPC requests and responses may not be processed until a
-        handshake has been completed.  With a stateless transport, all
-        requests and responses are prefixed by handshakes.  With a
-        stateful transport, handshakes are only attached to requests
-        and responses until a successful handshake response has been
-        returned over a connection.  After this, request and response
-        payloads are sent without handshakes for the lifetime of that
-        connection.</p>
-
-        <p>The handshake process uses the following record schemas:</p>
-
-        <source>
-{
-  "type": "record",
-  "name": "HandshakeRequest", "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
-  "fields": [
-    {"name": "clientHash",
-     "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
-    {"name": "clientProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
-    {"name": "serverHash", "type": "MD5"},
-    {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
-  ]
-}
-{
-  "type": "record",
-  "name": "HandshakeResponse", "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
-  "fields": [
-    {"name": "match",
-     "type": {"type": "enum", "name": "HandshakeMatch",
-              "symbols": ["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]}},
-    {"name": "serverProtocol",
-     "type": ["null", "string"]},
-    {"name": "serverHash",
-     "type": ["null", {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}]},
-    {"name": "meta",
-     "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
-  ]
-}
-        </source>
-
-        <ul>
-          <li>A client first prefixes each request with
-          a <code>HandshakeRequest</code> containing just the hash of
-          its protocol and of the server's protocol
-          (<code>clientHash!=null, clientProtocol=null,
-          serverHash!=null</code>), where the hashes are 128-bit MD5
-          hashes of the JSON protocol text. If a client has never
-          connected to a given server, it sends its hash as a guess of
-          the server's hash, otherwise it sends the hash that it
-          previously obtained from this server.</li>
-
-          <li>The server responds with
-          a <code>HandshakeResponse</code> containing one of:
-            <ul>
-              <li><code>match=BOTH, serverProtocol=null,
-              serverHash=null</code> if the client sent the valid hash
-              of the server's protocol and the server knows what
-              protocol corresponds to the client's hash. In this case,
-              the request is complete and the response data
-              immediately follows the HandshakeResponse.</li>
-
-              <li><code>match=CLIENT, serverProtocol!=null,
-              serverHash!=null</code> if the server has previously
-              seen the client's protocol, but the client sent an
-              incorrect hash of the server's protocol. The request is
-              complete and the response data immediately follows the
-              HandshakeResponse. The client must use the returned
-              protocol to process the response and should also cache
-              that protocol and its hash for future interactions with
-              this server.</li>
-
-              <li><code>match=NONE</code> if the server has not
-              previously seen the client's protocol.
-              The <code>serverHash</code>
-              and <code>serverProtocol</code> may also be non-null if
-              the server's protocol hash was incorrect.
-
-              <p>In this case the client must then re-submit its request
-              with its protocol text (<code>clientHash!=null,
-              clientProtocol!=null, serverHash!=null</code>) and the
-              server should respond with a successful match
-              (<code>match=BOTH, serverProtocol=null,
-              serverHash=null</code>) as above.</p>
-              </li>
-            </ul>
-          </li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>The <code>meta</code> field is reserved for future
-        handshake enhancements.</p>
-
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Call Format</title>
-        <p>A <em>call</em> consists of a request message paired with
-        its resulting response or error message.  Requests and
-        responses contain extensible metadata, and both kinds of
-        messages are framed as described above.</p>
-
-        <p>The format of a call request is:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><em>request metadata</em>, a map with values of
-          type <code>bytes</code></li>
-          <li>the <em>message name</em>, an Avro string,
-          followed by</li>
-          <li>the message <em>parameters</em>.  Parameters are
-          serialized according to the message's request
-          declaration.</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>When the empty string is used as a message name a server
-        should ignore the parameters and return an empty response.  A
-        client may use this to ping a server or to perform a handshake
-        without sending a protocol message.</p>
-
-        <p>When a message is declared one-way and a stateful
-        connection has been established by a successful handshake
-        response, no response data is sent.  Otherwise the format of
-        the call response is:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><em>response metadata</em>, a map with values of
-          type <code>bytes</code></li>
-          <li>a one-byte <em>error flag</em> boolean, followed by either:
-            <ul>
-              <li>if the error flag is false, the message <em>response</em>,
-                serialized per the message's response schema.</li>
-              <li>if the error flag is true, the <em>error</em>,
-              serialized per the message's effective error union
-              schema.</li>
-            </ul>
-          </li>
-        </ul>
-      </section>
-
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Schema Resolution</title>
-
-      <p>A reader of Avro data, whether from an RPC or a file, can
-        always parse that data because the original schema must be
-        provided along with the data.  However, the reader may be
-        programmed to read data into a different schema.
-        For example, if the data was written with a different version
-        of the software than it is read, then fields may have been
-        added or removed from records.  This section specifies how such
-        schema differences should be resolved.</p>
-
-      <p>We refer to the schema used to write the data as
-        the <em>writer's</em> schema, and the schema that the
-        application expects the <em>reader's</em> schema.  Differences
-        between these should be resolved as follows:</p>
-
-      <ul>
-        <li><p>It is an error if the two schemas do not <em>match</em>.</p>
-          <p>To match, one of the following must hold:</p>
-          <ul>
-            <li>both schemas are arrays whose item types match</li>
-            <li>both schemas are maps whose value types match</li>
-            <li>both schemas are enums whose (unqualified) names match</li>
-            <li>both schemas are fixed whose sizes and (unqualified) names match</li>
-            <li>both schemas are records with the same (unqualified) name</li>
-            <li>either schema is a union</li>
-            <li>both schemas have same primitive type</li>
-            <li>the writer's schema may be <em>promoted</em> to the
-              reader's as follows:
-              <ul>
-                <li>int is promotable to long, float, or double</li>
-                <li>long is promotable to float or double</li>
-                <li>float is promotable to double</li>
-                <li>string is promotable to bytes</li>
-                <li>bytes is promotable to string</li>
-                </ul>
-            </li>
-          </ul>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if both are records:</strong>
-          <ul>
-            <li>the ordering of fields may be different: fields are
-              matched by name.</li>
-
-            <li>schemas for fields with the same name in both records
-              are resolved recursively.</li>
-
-            <li>if the writer's record contains a field with a name
-              not present in the reader's record, the writer's value
-              for that field is ignored.</li>
-
-            <li>if the reader's record schema has a field that
-              contains a default value, and writer's schema does not
-              have a field with the same name, then the reader should
-              use the default value from its field.</li>
-
-            <li>if the reader's record schema has a field with no
-              default value, and writer's schema does not have a field
-              with the same name, an error is signalled.</li>
-          </ul>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if both are enums:</strong>
-          <p>if the writer's symbol is not present in the reader's
-            enum and the reader has a <code>default</code> value, then
-            that value is used, otherwise an error is signalled.</p>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if both are arrays:</strong>
-          <p>This resolution algorithm is applied recursively to the reader's and
-            writer's array item schemas.</p>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if both are maps:</strong>
-          <p>This resolution algorithm is applied recursively to the reader's and
-            writer's value schemas.</p>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if both are unions:</strong>
-          <p>The first schema in the reader's union that matches the
-            selected writer's union schema is recursively resolved
-            against it.  if none match, an error is signalled.</p>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if reader's is a union, but writer's is not</strong>
-          <p>The first schema in the reader's union that matches the
-            writer's schema is recursively resolved against it.  If none
-            match, an error is signalled.</p>
-        </li>
-
-        <li><strong>if writer's is a union, but reader's is not</strong>
-          <p>If the reader's schema matches the selected writer's schema,
-            it is recursively resolved against it.  If they do not
-            match, an error is signalled.</p>
-        </li>
-
-      </ul>
-
-      <p>A schema's "doc" fields are ignored for the purposes of schema resolution.  Hence,
-        the "doc" portion of a schema may be dropped at serialization.</p>
-
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas</title>
-
-      <p>One of the defining characteristics of Avro is that a reader
-      must use the schema used by the writer of the data in
-      order to know how to read the data.  This assumption results in a data
-      format that's compact and also amenable to many forms of schema
-      evolution.  However, the specification so far has not defined
-      what it means for the reader to have the "same" schema as the
-      writer.  Does the schema need to be textually identical?  Well,
-      clearly adding or removing some whitespace to a JSON expression
-      does not change its meaning.  At the same time, reordering the
-      fields of records clearly <em>does</em> change the meaning.  So
-      what does it mean for a reader to have "the same" schema as a
-      writer?</p>
-
-      <p><em>Parsing Canonical Form</em> is a transformation of a
-      writer's schema that let's us define what it means for two
-      schemas to be "the same" for the purpose of reading data written
-      against the schema.  It is called <em>Parsing</em> Canonical Form
-      because the transformations strip away parts of the schema, like
-      "doc" attributes, that are irrelevant to readers trying to parse
-      incoming data.  It is called <em>Canonical Form</em> because the
-      transformations normalize the JSON text (such as the order of
-      attributes) in a way that eliminates unimportant differences
-      between schemas.  If the Parsing Canonical Forms of two
-      different schemas are textually equal, then those schemas are
-      "the same" as far as any reader is concerned, i.e., there is no
-      serialized data that would allow a reader to distinguish data
-      generated by a writer using one of the original schemas from
-      data generated by a writing using the other original schema.
-      (We sketch a proof of this property in a companion
-      document.)</p>
-
-      <p>The next subsection specifies the transformations that define
-      Parsing Canonical Form.  But with a well-defined canonical form,
-      it can be convenient to go one step further, transforming these
-      canonical forms into simple integers ("fingerprints") that can
-      be used to uniquely identify schemas.  The subsection after next
-      recommends some standard practices for generating such
-      fingerprints.</p>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Transforming into Parsing Canonical Form</title>
-
-        <p>Assuming an input schema (in JSON form) that's already
-        UTF-8 text for a <em>valid</em> Avro schema (including all
-        quotes as required by JSON), the following transformations
-        will produce its Parsing Canonical Form:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li> [PRIMITIVES] Convert primitive schemas to their simple
-          form (e.g., <code>int</code> instead of
-          <code>{"type":"int"}</code>).</li>
-
-          <li> [FULLNAMES] Replace short names with fullnames, using
-          applicable namespaces to do so.  Then eliminate
-          <code>namespace</code> attributes, which are now redundant.</li>
-
-          <li> [STRIP] Keep only attributes that are relevant to
-          parsing data, which are: <code>type</code>,
-          <code>name</code>, <code>fields</code>,
-          <code>symbols</code>, <code>items</code>,
-          <code>values</code>, <code>size</code>.  Strip all others
-          (e.g., <code>doc</code> and <code>aliases</code>).</li>
-
-          <li> [ORDER] Order the appearance of fields of JSON objects
-          as follows: <code>name</code>, <code>type</code>,
-          <code>fields</code>, <code>symbols</code>,
-          <code>items</code>, <code>values</code>, <code>size</code>.
-          For example, if an object has <code>type</code>,
-          <code>name</code>, and <code>size</code> fields, then the
-          <code>name</code> field should appear first, followed by the
-          <code>type</code> and then the <code>size</code> fields.</li>
-
-          <li> [STRINGS] For all JSON string literals in the schema
-          text, replace any escaped characters (e.g., \uXXXX escapes)
-          with their UTF-8 equivalents.</li>
-
-          <li> [INTEGERS] Eliminate quotes around and any leading
-          zeros in front of JSON integer literals (which appear in the
-          <code>size</code> attributes of <code>fixed</code> schemas).</li>
-
-          <li> [WHITESPACE] Eliminate all whitespace in JSON outside of string literals.</li>
-        </ul>
-      </section>
-
-      <section id="schema_fingerprints">
-        <title>Schema Fingerprints</title>
-
-        <p>"[A] fingerprinting algorithm is a procedure that maps an
-        arbitrarily large data item (such as a computer file) to a
-        much shorter bit string, its <em>fingerprint,</em> that
-        uniquely identifies the original data for all practical
-        purposes" (quoted from [<a
-        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_(computing)">Wikipedia</a>]).
-        In the Avro context, fingerprints of Parsing Canonical Form
-        can be useful in a number of applications; for example, to
-        cache encoder and decoder objects, to tag data items with a
-        short substitute for the writer's full schema, and to quickly
-        negotiate common-case schemas between readers and writers.</p>
-
-        <p>In designing fingerprinting algorithms, there is a
-        fundamental trade-off between the length of the fingerprint
-        and the probability of collisions.  To help application
-        designers find appropriate points within this trade-off space,
-        while encouraging interoperability and ease of implementation,
-        we recommend using one of the following three algorithms when
-        fingerprinting Avro schemas:</p>
-
-        <ul>
-          <li> When applications can tolerate longer fingerprints, we
-          recommend using the <a
-          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2">SHA-256 digest
-          algorithm</a> to generate 256-bit fingerprints of Parsing
-          Canonical Forms.  Most languages today have SHA-256
-          implementations in their libraries.</li>
-
-          <li> At the opposite extreme, the smallest fingerprint we
-          recommend is a 64-bit <a
-          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabin_fingerprint">Rabin
-          fingerprint</a>.  Below, we provide pseudo-code for this
-          algorithm that can be easily translated into any programming
-          language.  64-bit fingerprints should guarantee uniqueness
-          for schema caches of up to a million entries (for such a
-          cache, the chance of a collision is 3E-8).  We don't
-          recommend shorter fingerprints, as the chances of collisions
-          is too great (for example, with 32-bit fingerprints, a cache
-          with as few as 100,000 schemas has a 50% chance of having a
-          collision).</li>
-
-          <li>Between these two extremes, we recommend using the <a
-          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5">MD5 message
-          digest</a> to generate 128-bit fingerprints.  These make
-          sense only where very large numbers of schemas are being
-          manipulated (tens of millions); otherwise, 64-bit
-          fingerprints should be sufficient.  As with SHA-256, MD5
-          implementations are found in most libraries today.</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p> These fingerprints are <em>not</em> meant to provide any
-        security guarantees, even the longer SHA-256-based ones.  Most
-        Avro applications should be surrounded by security measures
-        that prevent attackers from writing random data and otherwise
-        interfering with the consumers of schemas.  We recommend that
-        these surrounding mechanisms be used to prevent collision and
-        pre-image attacks (i.e., "forgery") on schema fingerprints,
-        rather than relying on the security properties of the
-        fingerprints themselves.</p>
-
-        <p>Rabin fingerprints are <a
-        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check">cyclic
-        redundancy checks</a> computed using irreducible polynomials.
-        In the style of the Appendix of <a
-        href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.txt">RFC&nbsp;1952</a>
-        (pg 10), which defines the CRC-32 algorithm, here's our
-        definition of the 64-bit AVRO fingerprinting algorithm:</p>
-
-        <source>
-long fingerprint64(byte[] buf) {
-  if (FP_TABLE == null) initFPTable();
-  long fp = EMPTY;
-  for (int i = 0; i &lt; buf.length; i++)
-    fp = (fp &gt;&gt;&gt; 8) ^ FP_TABLE[(int)(fp ^ buf[i]) &amp; 0xff];
-  return fp;
-}
-
-static long EMPTY = 0xc15d213aa4d7a795L;
-static long[] FP_TABLE = null;
-
-void initFPTable() {
-  FP_TABLE = new long[256];
-  for (int i = 0; i &lt; 256; i++) {
-    long fp = i;
-    for (int j = 0; j &lt; 8; j++)
-      fp = (fp &gt;&gt;&gt; 1) ^ (EMPTY &amp; -(fp &amp; 1L));
-    FP_TABLE[i] = fp;
-  }
-}
-        </source>
-
-        <p>Readers interested in the mathematics behind this
-          algorithm may want to read
-        <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XD9iAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA319"
-          >Chapter 14 of the Second Edition of <em>Hacker's Delight</em></a>.
-        (Unlike RFC-1952 and the book chapter, we prepend
-        a single one bit to messages.  We do this because CRCs ignore
-        leading zero bits, which can be problematic.  Our code
-        prepends a one-bit by initializing fingerprints using
-        <code>EMPTY</code>, rather than initializing using zero as in
-        RFC-1952 and the book chapter.)</p>
-      </section>
-    </section>
-
-    <section>
-      <title>Logical Types</title>
-
-      <p>A logical type is an Avro primitive or complex type with extra attributes to
-        represent a derived type. The attribute <code>logicalType</code> must
-        always be present for a logical type, and is a string with the name of one of
-        the logical types listed later in this section. Other attributes may be defined
-        for particular logical types.</p>
-
-      <p>A logical type is always serialized using its underlying Avro type so
-        that values are encoded in exactly the same way as the equivalent Avro
-        type that does not have a <code>logicalType</code> attribute. Language
-        implementations may choose to represent logical types with an
-        appropriate native type, although this is not required.</p>
-
-      <p>Language implementations must ignore unknown logical types when
-        reading, and should use the underlying Avro type. If a logical type is
-        invalid, for example a decimal with scale greater than its precision,
-        then implementations should ignore the logical type and use the
-        underlying Avro type.</p>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Decimal</title>
-        <p>The <code>decimal</code> logical type represents an arbitrary-precision signed
-          decimal number of the form <em>unscaled &#215; 10<sup>-scale</sup></em>.</p>
-
-        <p>A <code>decimal</code> logical type annotates Avro
-          <code>bytes</code> or <code>fixed</code> types. The byte array must
-          contain the two's-complement representation of the unscaled integer
-          value in big-endian byte order. The scale is fixed, and is specified
-          using an attribute.</p>
-
-        <p>The following attributes are supported:</p>
-        <ul>
-          <li><code>scale</code>, a JSON integer representing the scale
-            (optional). If not specified the scale is 0.</li>
-          <li><code>precision</code>, a JSON integer representing the (maximum)
-            precision of decimals stored in this type (required).</li>
-        </ul>
-
-        <p>For example, the following schema represents decimal numbers with a
-          maximum precision of 4 and a scale of 2:</p>
-        <source>
-{
-  "type": "bytes",
-  "logicalType": "decimal",
-  "precision": 4,
-  "scale": 2
-}
-</source>
-
-        <p>Precision must be a positive integer greater than zero. If the
-          underlying type is a <code>fixed</code>, then the precision is
-          limited by its size. An array of length <code>n</code> can store at
-          most <em>floor(log_10(2<sup>8 &#215; n - 1</sup> - 1))</em>
-          base-10 digits of precision.</p>
-
-        <p>Scale must be zero or a positive integer less than or equal to the
-          precision.</p>
-
-        <p>For the purposes of schema resolution, two schemas that are
-          <code>decimal</code> logical types <em>match</em> if their scales and
-          precisions match.</p>
-
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>UUID</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>uuid</code> logical type represents a random generated universally unique identifier (UUID).
-        </p>
-
-        <p>
-          A <code>uuid</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>string</code>. The string has to conform with <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt">RFC-4122</a>
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Date</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>date</code> logical type represents a date within the calendar, with no reference to a particular time zone or time of day.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>date</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>int</code>, where the int stores the number of days from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 (ISO calendar).
-        </p>
-        <p>The following schema represents a date:</p>
-        <source>
-{
-  "type": "int",
-  "logicalType": "date"
-}
-        </source>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Time (millisecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>time-millis</code> logical type represents a time of day, with no reference to a particular calendar, time zone or date, with a precision of one millisecond.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>time-millis</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>int</code>, where the int stores the number of milliseconds after midnight, 00:00:00.000.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Time (microsecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>time-micros</code> logical type represents a time of day, with no reference to a particular calendar, time zone or date, with a precision of one microsecond.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>time-micros</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>long</code>, where the long stores the number of microseconds after midnight, 00:00:00.000000.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Timestamp (millisecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>timestamp-millis</code> logical type represents an instant on the global timeline, independent of a particular time zone or calendar, with a precision of one millisecond.
-          Please note that time zone information gets lost in this process. Upon reading a value back, we can only reconstruct the instant, but not the original representation.
-          In practice, such timestamps are typically displayed to users in their local time zones, therefore they may be displayed differently depending on the execution environment.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>timestamp-millis</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>long</code>, where the long stores the number of milliseconds from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000 UTC.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Timestamp (microsecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>timestamp-micros</code> logical type represents an instant on the global timeline, independent of a particular time zone or calendar, with a precision of one microsecond.
-          Please note that time zone information gets lost in this process. Upon reading a value back, we can only reconstruct the instant, but not the original representation.
-          In practice, such timestamps are typically displayed to users in their local time zones, therefore they may be displayed differently depending on the execution environment.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>timestamp-micros</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>long</code>, where the long stores the number of microseconds from the unix epoch, 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000 UTC.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Local timestamp (millisecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>local-timestamp-millis</code> logical type represents a timestamp in a local timezone, regardless of what specific time zone is considered local, with a precision of one millisecond.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>local-timestamp-millis</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>long</code>, where the long stores the number of milliseconds, from 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Local timestamp (microsecond precision)</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>local-timestamp-micros</code> logical type represents a timestamp in a local timezone, regardless of what specific time zone is considered local, with a precision of one microsecond.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>local-timestamp-micros</code> logical type annotates an Avro <code>long</code>, where the long stores the number of microseconds, from 1 January 1970 00:00:00.000000.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-      <section>
-        <title>Duration</title>
-        <p>
-          The <code>duration</code> logical type represents an amount of time defined by a number of months, days and milliseconds. This is not equivalent to a number of milliseconds, because, depending on the moment in time from which the duration is measured, the number of days in the month and number of milliseconds in a day may differ. Other standard periods such as years, quarters, hours and minutes can be expressed through these basic periods.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          A <code>duration</code> logical type annotates Avro <code>fixed</code> type of size 12, which stores three little-endian unsigned integers that represent durations at different granularities of time. The first stores a number in months, the second stores a number in days, and the third stores a number in milliseconds.
-        </p>
-      </section>
-
-    </section>
-
-  <p><em>Apache Avro, Avro, Apache, and the Avro and Apache logos are
-   trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</em></p>
-
-  </body>
-</document>
diff --git a/doc/src/content/xdocs/tabs.xml b/doc/src/content/xdocs/tabs.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 97e7d2c3813..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/content/xdocs/tabs.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-<!DOCTYPE tabs PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Cocoon Documentation Tab V1.1//EN" "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/tab-cocoon-v11.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % avro-entities PUBLIC "-//Apache//ENTITIES Avro//EN"
-	   "../../../../build/avro.ent">
-  %avro-entities;
-]>
-
-<tabs software="Avro"
-      title="Avro"
-      copyright="The Apache Software Foundation"
-      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
-
-  <!-- The rules are:
-    @dir will always have /index.html added.
-    @href is not modified unless it is root-relative and obviously specifies a
-    directory (ends in '/'), in which case /index.html will be added
-  -->
-
-  <tab label="Project" href="https://avro.apache.org/" />
-  <tab label="Wiki" href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/AVRO/Index" />
-  <tab label="Avro &AvroVersion; Documentation" dir="" />
-
-</tabs>
diff --git a/doc/src/resources/images/apache_feather.gif b/doc/src/resources/images/apache_feather.gif
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a0c3e6b6d1..00000000000
Binary files a/doc/src/resources/images/apache_feather.gif and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/doc/src/resources/images/avro-logo.png b/doc/src/resources/images/avro-logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cbe12dd97b..00000000000
Binary files a/doc/src/resources/images/avro-logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/doc/src/resources/images/favicon.ico b/doc/src/resources/images/favicon.ico
deleted file mode 100644
index 161bcf7841c..00000000000
Binary files a/doc/src/resources/images/favicon.ico and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/doc/src/skinconf.xml b/doc/src/skinconf.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 2328639c8ce..00000000000
--- a/doc/src/skinconf.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,350 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!--
-  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
-  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
-  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
-  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  limitations under the License.
--->
-
-<!--
-Skin configuration file. This file contains details of your project,
-which will be used to configure the chosen Forrest skin.
--->
-
-<!DOCTYPE skinconfig PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Skin Configuration V0.6-3//EN" "https://forrest.apache.org/dtd/skinconfig-v06-3.dtd">
-<skinconfig>
-  <!-- To enable lucene search add provider="lucene" (default is google).
-    Add box-location="alt" to move the search box to an alternate location
-    (if the skin supports it) and box-location="all" to show it in all
-    available locations on the page.  Remove the <search> element to show
-    no search box. @domain will enable sitesearch for the specific domain with google.
-    In other words google will search the @domain for the query string.
-
-  -->
-  <search name="Avro" domain="avro.apache.org" provider="google"/>
-
-  <!-- Disable the print link? If enabled, invalid HTML 4.0.1 -->
-  <disable-print-link>true</disable-print-link>
-  <!-- Disable the PDF link? -->
-  <disable-pdf-link>false</disable-pdf-link>
-  <!-- Disable the POD link? -->
-  <disable-pod-link>true</disable-pod-link>
-  <!-- Disable the Text link? FIXME: NOT YET IMPLEMENETED. -->
-  <disable-txt-link>true</disable-txt-link>
-  <!-- Disable the xml source link? -->
-  <!-- The xml source link makes it possible to access the xml rendition
-    of the source frim the html page, and to have it generated statically.
-    This can be used to enable other sites and services to reuse the
-    xml format for their uses. Keep this disabled if you don't want other
-    sites to easily reuse your pages.-->
-  <disable-xml-link>true</disable-xml-link>
-
-  <!-- Disable navigation icons on all external links? -->
-  <disable-external-link-image>true</disable-external-link-image>
-
-  <!-- Disable w3c compliance links?
-    Use e.g. align="center" to move the compliance links logos to
-    an alternate location default is left.
-    (if the skin supports it) -->
-  <disable-compliance-links>true</disable-compliance-links>
-
-  <!-- Render mailto: links unrecognisable by spam harvesters? -->
-  <obfuscate-mail-links>false</obfuscate-mail-links>
-
-  <!-- Disable the javascript facility to change the font size -->
-  <disable-font-script>true</disable-font-script>
-
-  <!-- project logo -->
-  <project-name>Avro</project-name>
-  <project-description>Serialization System</project-description>
-  <project-url>https://avro.apache.org/</project-url>
-  <project-logo>images/avro-logo.png</project-logo>
-
-  <!-- group logo -->
-  <group-name>Apache</group-name>
-  <group-description>The Apache Software Foundation</group-description>
-  <group-url>https://www.apache.org/</group-url>
-  <group-logo>images/apache_feather.gif</group-logo>
-
-  <!-- optional host logo (e.g. sourceforge logo)
-       default skin: renders it at the bottom-left corner -->
-  <host-url></host-url>
-  <host-logo></host-logo>
-
-  <!-- relative url of a favicon file, normally favicon.ico -->
-  <favicon-url>images/favicon.ico</favicon-url>
-
-  <!-- The following are used to construct a copyright statement -->
-  <year>2012</year>
-  <vendor>The Apache Software Foundation.</vendor>
-  <copyright-link>https://www.apache.org/licenses/</copyright-link>
-
-  <!-- Some skins use this to form a 'breadcrumb trail' of links.
-    Use location="alt" to move the trail to an alternate location
-    (if the skin supports it).
-	  Omit the location attribute to display the trail in the default location.
-	  Use location="none" to not display the trail (if the skin supports it).
-    For some skins just set the attributes to blank.
-  -->
-  <trail>
-    <link1 name="Apache" href="https://www.apache.org/"/>
-    <link2 name="Avro" href="https://avro.apache.org/"/>
-    <link3 name="Avro" href="https://avro.apache.org/"/>
-  </trail>
-
-  <!-- Configure the TOC, i.e. the Table of Contents.
-  @max-depth
-   how many "section" levels need to be included in the
-   generated Table of Contents (TOC).
-  @min-sections
-   Minimum required to create a TOC.
-  @location ("page","menu","page,menu", "none")
-   Where to show the TOC.
-  -->
-  <toc max-depth="2" min-sections="1" location="page"/>
-
-  <!-- Heading types can be clean|underlined|boxed  -->
-  <headings type="clean"/>
-
-  <!-- The optional feedback element will be used to construct a
-    feedback link in the footer with the page pathname appended:
-    <a href="@href">{@to}</a>
-  <feedback to="webmaster@foo.com"
-    href="mailto:webmaster@foo.com?subject=Feedback&#160;" >
-    Send feedback about the website to:
-  </feedback>
-    -->
-  <!--
-    extra-css - here you can define custom css-elements that are
-    a. overriding the fallback elements or
-    b. adding the css definition from new elements that you may have
-       used in your documentation.
-    -->
-  <extra-css>
-    <!--Example of b.
-        To define the css definition of a new element that you may have used
-        in the class attribute of a <p> node.
-        e.g. <p class="quote"/>
-    -->
-    p.quote {
-      margin-left: 2em;
-      padding: .5em;
-      background-color: #f0f0f0;
-      font-family: monospace;
-    }
-    table.right {
-      text-align: right;
-      display: block;
-    }
-  </extra-css>
-
-  <colors>
-  <!-- These values are used for the generated CSS files. -->
-
-  <!-- Krysalis -->
-<!--
-    <color name="header"    value="#FFFFFF"/>
-
-    <color name="tab-selected" value="#a5b6c6" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="tab-unselected" value="#F7F7F7"  link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="subtab-selected" value="#a5b6c6"  link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="subtab-unselected" value="#a5b6c6"  link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-
-    <color name="heading" value="#a5b6c6"/>
-    <color name="subheading" value="#CFDCED"/>
-
-    <color name="navstrip" value="#CFDCED" font="#000000" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="toolbox" value="#a5b6c6"/>
-    <color name="border" value="#a5b6c6"/>
-
-    <color name="menu" value="#F7F7F7" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="dialog" value="#F7F7F7"/>
-
-    <color name="body"    value="#ffffff" link="#0F3660" vlink="#009999" hlink="#000066"/>
-
-    <color name="table" value="#a5b6c6"/>
-    <color name="table-cell" value="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="highlight" value="#ffff00"/>
-    <color name="fixme" value="#cc6600"/>
-    <color name="note" value="#006699"/>
-    <color name="warning" value="#990000"/>
-    <color name="code" value="#a5b6c6"/>
-
-    <color name="footer" value="#a5b6c6"/>
--->
-
-  <!-- Forrest -->
-<!--
-    <color name="header"    value="#294563"/>
-
-    <color name="tab-selected" value="#4a6d8c" link="#0F3660" vlink="#0F3660" hlink="#000066"/>
-    <color name="tab-unselected" value="#b5c7e7" link="#0F3660" vlink="#0F3660" hlink="#000066"/>
-    <color name="subtab-selected" value="#4a6d8c" link="#0F3660" vlink="#0F3660" hlink="#000066"/>
-    <color name="subtab-unselected" value="#4a6d8c" link="#0F3660" vlink="#0F3660" hlink="#000066"/>
-
-    <color name="heading" value="#294563"/>
-    <color name="subheading" value="#4a6d8c"/>
-
-    <color name="navstrip" value="#cedfef" font="#0F3660" link="#0F3660" vlink="#0F3660" hlink="#000066"/>
-    <color name="toolbox" value="#4a6d8c"/>
-    <color name="border" value="#294563"/>
-
-    <color name="menu" value="#4a6d8c" font="#cedfef" link="#ffffff" vlink="#ffffff" hlink="#ffcf00"/>
-    <color name="dialog" value="#4a6d8c"/>
-
-    <color name="body" value="#ffffff"  link="#0F3660" vlink="#009999" hlink="#000066"/>
-
-    <color name="table" value="#7099C5"/>
-    <color name="table-cell" value="#f0f0ff"/>
-    <color name="highlight" value="#ffff00"/>
-    <color name="fixme" value="#cc6600"/>
-    <color name="note" value="#006699"/>
-    <color name="warning" value="#990000"/>
-    <color name="code" value="#CFDCED"/>
-
-    <color name="footer" value="#cedfef"/>
--->
-
-  <!-- Collabnet -->
-<!--
-    <color name="header"    value="#003366"/>
-
-    <color name="tab-selected" value="#dddddd" link="#555555" vlink="#555555" hlink="#555555"/>
-    <color name="tab-unselected" value="#999999" link="#ffffff" vlink="#ffffff" hlink="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="subtab-selected" value="#cccccc" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="subtab-unselected" value="#cccccc" link="#555555" vlink="#555555" hlink="#555555"/>
-
-    <color name="heading" value="#003366"/>
-    <color name="subheading" value="#888888"/>
-
-    <color name="navstrip" value="#dddddd" font="#555555"/>
-    <color name="toolbox" value="#dddddd" font="#555555"/>
-    <color name="border" value="#999999"/>
-
-    <color name="menu" value="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="dialog" value="#eeeeee"/>
-
-    <color name="body"      value="#ffffff"/>
-
-    <color name="table" value="#ccc"/>
-    <color name="table-cell" value="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="highlight" value="#ffff00"/>
-    <color name="fixme" value="#cc6600"/>
-    <color name="note" value="#006699"/>
-    <color name="warning" value="#990000"/>
-    <color name="code" value="#003366"/>
-
-    <color name="footer" value="#ffffff"/>
--->
- <!-- Lenya using pelt-->
-<!--
-    <color name="header" value="#ffffff"/>
-
-    <color name="tab-selected" value="#4C6C8F" link="#ffffff" vlink="#ffffff" hlink="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="tab-unselected" value="#E5E4D9" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="subtab-selected" value="#000000" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-    <color name="subtab-unselected" value="#E5E4D9" link="#000000" vlink="#000000" hlink="#000000"/>
-
-    <color name="heading" value="#E5E4D9"/>
-    <color name="subheading" value="#000000"/>
-    <color name="published" value="#4C6C8F" font="#FFFFFF"/>
-    <color name="feedback" value="#4C6C8F" font="#FFFFFF" align="center"/>
-    <color name="navstrip" value="#E5E4D9" font="#000000"/>
-
-    <color name="toolbox" value="#CFDCED" font="#000000"/>
-
-    <color name="border" value="#999999"/>
-    <color name="menu" value="#4C6C8F" font="#ffffff" link="#ffffff" vlink="#ffffff" hlink="#ffffff" current="#FFCC33" />
-    <color name="menuheading" value="#cfdced" font="#000000" />
-    <color name="searchbox" value="#E5E4D9" font="#000000"/>
-
-    <color name="dialog" value="#CFDCED"/>
-    <color name="body" value="#ffffff" />
-
-    <color name="table" value="#ccc"/>
-    <color name="table-cell" value="#ffffff"/>
-    <color name="highlight" value="#ffff00"/>
-    <color name="fixme" value="#cc6600"/>
-    <color name="note" value="#006699"/>
-    <color name="warning" value="#990000"/>
-    <color name="code" value="#003366"/>
-
-    <color name="footer" value="#E5E4D9"/>
--->
-  </colors>
-
-  <!-- Settings specific to PDF output. -->
-  <pdf>
-    <!--
-       Supported page sizes are a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, executive,
-       folio, legal, ledger, letter, quarto, tabloid (default letter).
-       Supported page orientations are portrait, landscape (default
-       portrait).
-       Supported text alignments are left, right, justify (default left).
-    -->
-    <page size="letter" orientation="portrait" text-align="left"/>
-
-    <!--
-       Margins can be specified for top, bottom, inner, and outer
-       edges. If double-sided="false", the inner edge is always left
-       and the outer is always right. If double-sided="true", the
-       inner edge will be left on odd pages, right on even pages,
-       the outer edge vice versa.
-       Specified below are the default settings.
-    -->
-    <margins double-sided="false">
-      <top>1in</top>
-      <bottom>1in</bottom>
-      <inner>1.25in</inner>
-      <outer>1in</outer>
-    </margins>
-
-    <!--
-      Print the URL text next to all links going outside the file
-    -->
-    <show-external-urls>false</show-external-urls>
-
-    <!--
-      Disable the copyright footer on each page of the PDF.
-      A footer is composed for each page. By default, a "credit" with role=pdf
-      will be used, as explained below. Otherwise a copyright statement
-      will be generated. This latter can be disabled.
-    -->
-    <disable-copyright-footer>false</disable-copyright-footer>
-  </pdf>
-
-  <!-- Credits are typically rendered as a set of small clickable
-    images in the page footer.
-    Use box-location="alt" to move the credit to an alternate location
-    (if the skin supports it).
-  -->
-  <credits>
-    <credit box-location="alt">
-      <name>Built with Apache Forrest</name>
-      <url>https://forrest.apache.org/</url>
-      <image>images/built-with-forrest-button.png</image>
-      <width>88</width>
-      <height>31</height>
-    </credit>
-    <!-- A credit with @role="pdf" will be used to compose a footer
-     for each page in the PDF, using either "name" or "url" or both.
-    -->
-    <!--
-    <credit role="pdf">
-      <name>Built with Apache Forrest</name>
-      <url>https://forrest.apache.org/</url>
-    </credit>
-    -->
-  </credits>
-
-</skinconfig>
diff --git a/doc/themes/docsy b/doc/themes/docsy
new file mode 160000
index 00000000000..a77761a6de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/themes/docsy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit a77761a6de8c5d4bb284dab5d0b47447883eb6d2
diff --git a/lang/c++/CMakeLists.txt b/lang/c++/CMakeLists.txt
index 4a3793152e6..19059a41b13 100644
--- a/lang/c++/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lang/c++/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,17 +16,21 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 #
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.5)
 
 set (CMAKE_LEGACY_CYGWIN_WIN32 0)
 
 if (NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+endif()
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD LESS 17)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Avro requires at least C++17")
 endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 
-if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.0)
+if (APPLE)
     # Enable MACOSX_RPATH by default
     cmake_policy (SET CMP0042 NEW)
 endif()
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ if (WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN AND NOT MSYS)
 endif()
 
 if (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra -Wduplicated-cond -Wduplicated-branches -Wlogical-op -Wuseless-cast -Wconversion -pedantic -Werror")
 if (AVRO_ADD_PROTECTOR_FLAGS)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -fstack-protector-all -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG")
     # Unset _GLIBCXX_DEBUG for avrogencpp.cc because using Boost Program Options
@@ -78,6 +82,16 @@ endif ()
 find_package (Boost 1.38 REQUIRED
     COMPONENTS filesystem iostreams program_options regex system)
 
+include(FetchContent)
+FetchContent_Declare(
+        fmt
+        GIT_REPOSITORY  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt.git
+        GIT_TAG         10.2.1
+        GIT_PROGRESS    TRUE
+        USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(fmt)
+
 find_package(Snappy)
 if (SNAPPY_FOUND)
     set(SNAPPY_PKG libsnappy)
@@ -92,7 +106,9 @@ endif (SNAPPY_FOUND)
 
 add_definitions (${Boost_LIB_DIAGNOSTIC_DEFINITIONS})
 
-include_directories (api ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+add_definitions (-DAVRO_VERSION="${AVRO_VERSION_MAJOR}.${AVRO_VERSION_MINOR}.${AVRO_VERSION_PATCH}")
+
+include_directories (include/avro ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
 set (AVRO_SOURCE_FILES
         impl/Compiler.cc impl/Node.cc impl/LogicalType.cc
@@ -109,6 +125,7 @@ set (AVRO_SOURCE_FILES
         impl/json/JsonIO.cc
         impl/json/JsonDom.cc
         impl/Resolver.cc impl/Validator.cc
+        impl/CustomAttributes.cc
         )
 
 add_library (avrocpp SHARED ${AVRO_SOURCE_FILES})
@@ -118,6 +135,7 @@ set_property (TARGET avrocpp
 
 add_library (avrocpp_s STATIC ${AVRO_SOURCE_FILES})
 target_include_directories(avrocpp_s PRIVATE ${SNAPPY_INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(avrocpp_s ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES} fmt::fmt-header-only)
 
 set_property (TARGET avrocpp avrocpp_s
     APPEND PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS AVRO_SOURCE)
@@ -128,19 +146,19 @@ set_target_properties (avrocpp PROPERTIES
 set_target_properties (avrocpp_s PROPERTIES
     VERSION ${AVRO_VERSION_MAJOR}.${AVRO_VERSION_MINOR}.${AVRO_VERSION_PATCH})
 
-target_link_libraries (avrocpp ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries (avrocpp ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES} fmt::fmt-header-only)
 target_include_directories(avrocpp PRIVATE ${SNAPPY_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
 add_executable (precompile test/precompile.cc)
 
-target_link_libraries (precompile avrocpp_s ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries (precompile avrocpp_s)
 
 macro (gen file ns)
     add_custom_command (OUTPUT ${file}.hh
         COMMAND avrogencpp
             -p -
             -i ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/jsonschemas/${file}
-            -o ${file}.hh -n ${ns} -U
+            -o ${file}.hh -n ${ns}
         DEPENDS avrogencpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/jsonschemas/${file})
     add_custom_target (${file}_hh DEPENDS ${file}.hh)
 endmacro (gen)
@@ -153,6 +171,7 @@ gen (tweet testgen3)
 gen (union_array_union uau)
 gen (union_map_union umu)
 gen (union_conflict uc)
+gen (union_empty_record uer)
 gen (recursive rec)
 gen (reuse ru)
 gen (circulardep cd)
@@ -161,9 +180,19 @@ gen (tree2 tr2)
 gen (crossref cr)
 gen (primitivetypes pt)
 gen (cpp_reserved_words cppres)
+gen (cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef cppres_union)
 
 add_executable (avrogencpp impl/avrogencpp.cc)
-target_link_libraries (avrogencpp avrocpp_s ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries (avrogencpp avrocpp_s)
+
+target_include_directories(avrocpp_s PUBLIC
+  $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+  $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
+)
+target_include_directories(avrocpp PUBLIC
+  $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+  $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
+)
 
 enable_testing()
 
@@ -186,6 +215,7 @@ unittest (JsonTests)
 unittest (AvrogencppTests)
 unittest (CompilerTests)
 unittest (AvrogencppTestReservedWords)
+unittest (CommonsSchemasTests)
 
 add_dependencies (AvrogencppTestReservedWords cpp_reserved_words_hh)
 
@@ -193,7 +223,8 @@ add_dependencies (AvrogencppTests bigrecord_hh bigrecord_r_hh bigrecord2_hh
     tweet_hh
     union_array_union_hh union_map_union_hh union_conflict_hh
     recursive_hh reuse_hh circulardep_hh tree1_hh tree2_hh crossref_hh
-    primitivetypes_hh empty_record_hh)
+    primitivetypes_hh empty_record_hh cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef_hh
+    union_empty_record_hh)
 
 include (InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
 
@@ -208,7 +239,7 @@ install (TARGETS avrocpp avrocpp_s
 
 install (TARGETS avrogencpp RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
 
-install (DIRECTORY api/ DESTINATION include/avro
+install (DIRECTORY include/avro DESTINATION include
     FILES_MATCHING PATTERN *.hh)
 
 if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
diff --git a/lang/c++/LICENSE b/lang/c++/LICENSE
index d641439cded..d7f066e1d81 100644
--- a/lang/c++/LICENSE
+++ b/lang/c++/LICENSE
@@ -201,36 +201,6 @@
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-License for the m4 macros used by the C++ implementation:
-
-Files:
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_system.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Michael Tindal
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Daniel Casimiro <dan.casimiro@gmail.com>
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_asio.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Pete Greenwell <pete@mu.org>
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_filesystem.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2009 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-  Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Tindal
-  Copyright (c) 2009 Roman Rybalko <libtorrent@romanr.info>
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_thread.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2009 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-  Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Tindal
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_regex.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Michael Tindal
-* lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_base.m4
-  Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-
-License text:
-| Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-| permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-| and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
-| warranty.
-
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 License for the AVRO_BOOT_NO_TRAIT code in the C++ implementation:
 File: lang/c++/api/Boost.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/MainPage.dox b/lang/c++/MainPage.dox
index eab49d3e627..91977fca2f1 100644
--- a/lang/c++/MainPage.dox
+++ b/lang/c++/MainPage.dox
@@ -55,15 +55,14 @@ One should be able to build Avro C++ on (1) any UNIX flavor including cygwin for
 
 In order to build Avro C++, one needs the following:
 <ul>
-    <li>A C++ compiler and runtime libraries.
+    <li>A C++17 or later compiler and runtime libraries.
     <li>Boost library version 1.38 or later. Apart from the header-only libraries of Boost, Avro C++ requires filesystem, iostreams, system and program_options libraries. Please see <a href="https://www.boost.org/">https://www.boost.org</a> or your platform's documentation for details on how to set up Boost for your platform.
-    <li>CMake build tool version 2.6 or later. Please see <a href="https://www.cmake.org">https://www.cmake.org</a> or your platform's documentation for details on how to set up CMake for your system.
+    <li>CMake build tool version 3.5 or later. Please see <a href="https://www.cmake.org">https://www.cmake.org</a> or your platform's documentation for details on how to set up CMake for your system.
     <li>Python. If not already present, please consult your platform-specific documentation on how to install Python on your system.
 </ul>
 
 For Ubuntu Linux, for example, you can have these by doing
 <tt>apt-get install</tt> for the following packages:
-\ul
 \li cmake
 \li g++
 \li libboost-dev
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ For Ubuntu Linux, for example, you can have these by doing
 \li libboost-system-dev
 
 For Windows native builds, you need to install the following:
-\ul
 \li cmake
 \li boost distribution from Boost consulting
 \li Visual studio
@@ -336,4 +334,3 @@ corresponding to a given schema.
 
 Please see DataFile.hh for more details.
 */
-
diff --git a/lang/c++/README b/lang/c++/README
index 6b081f13a86..be5f2ff62d7 100644
--- a/lang/c++/README
+++ b/lang/c++/README
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ INSTRUCTIONS
 
 Pre-requisites:
 
-To compile requires boost headers, and the boost regex library. Optionally, it requires Snappy compression library. If Snappy is available, it builds support for Snappy compression and skips it otherwise. (Please see your OS-specific instructions on how to install Boost and Snappy for your OS).
+To compile requires boost headers. Optionally, it requires Snappy compression library. If Snappy is available, it builds support for Snappy compression and skips it otherwise. (Please see your OS-specific instructions on how to install Boost and Snappy for your OS).
 
-To build one requires cmake 2.6 or later.
+To build one requires cmake 3.5 or later and a compiler supporting C++17 or later.
 
 To generate a Makefile under Unix, MacOS (using GNU) or Cygwin use:
 
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ..
 
-If it doesn't work, either you are missing some packages (boost, flex or bison),
-or you need to help configure locate them.
+If it doesn't work, either you are missing boost package or you need to help
+configure locate it.
 
 If the Makefile is configured correctly, then you can make and run tests:
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/build.sh b/lang/c++/build.sh
index ac9964c75e5..11e1599d1d9 100755
--- a/lang/c++/build.sh
+++ b/lang/c++/build.sh
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ function do_doc() {
 function do_dist() {
   rm -rf $BUILD_CPP/
   mkdir -p $BUILD_CPP
-  cp -r api AUTHORS build.sh CMakeLists.txt ChangeLog \
-    LICENSE NOTICE impl jsonschemas NEWS parser README test examples \
+  cp -r include AUTHORS build.sh CMakeLists.txt ChangeLog \
+    LICENSE NOTICE impl jsonschemas NEWS README test examples \
     $BUILD_CPP
   find $BUILD_CPP -name '.svn' | xargs rm -rf
   cp ../../share/VERSION.txt $BUILD_CPP
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ function do_dist() {
   fi
 }
 
-(mkdir -p build; cd build; cmake --version; cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ..)
 for target in "$@"
 do
 
+cmake -S . -B build
 case "$target" in
   lint)
     # some versions of cppcheck seem to require an explicit
@@ -83,16 +83,20 @@ case "$target" in
     ;;
 
   test)
-    (cd build && cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -D AVRO_ADD_PROTECTOR_FLAGS=1 .. && make && cd .. \
+    (cmake -S. -Bbuild -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -D AVRO_ADD_PROTECTOR_FLAGS=1 && cmake --build build -- -k \
       && ./build/buffertest \
       && ./build/unittest \
+      && ./build/AvrogencppTestReservedWords \
+      && ./build/AvrogencppTests \
       && ./build/CodecTests \
+      && ./build/CommonsSchemasTests \
       && ./build/CompilerTests \
-      && ./build/StreamTests \
-      && ./build/SpecificTests \
-      && ./build/AvrogencppTests \
       && ./build/DataFileTests   \
-      && ./build/SchemaTests)
+      && ./build/JsonTests \
+      && ./build/LargeSchemaTests \
+      && ./build/SchemaTests \
+      && ./build/SpecificTests \
+      && ./build/StreamTests)
     ;;
 
   xcode-test)
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ case "$target" in
     ;;
 
   dist)
-    (cd build && cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..)
+    (cd build && cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..)
     do_dist
     do_doc
     ;;
@@ -118,12 +122,12 @@ case "$target" in
     ;;
 
   clean)
-    (cd build && make clean)
+    (cmake --build build --target clean)
     rm -rf doc test.avro test?.df test??.df test_skip.df test_lastSync.df test_readRecordUsingLastSync.df
     ;;
 
   install)
-    (cd build && cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. && make install)
+    (cmake -S. -Bbuild -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && cmake --build build --target install)
     ;;
 
   *)
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/cpx.hh b/lang/c++/examples/cpx.hh
index 53c6ee130db..e240abb568a 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/cpx.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/cpx.hh
@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-
 #ifndef CPX_HH_1278398428__H_
 #define CPX_HH_1278398428__H_
 
-
-#include "avro/Specific.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Specific.hh"
 
 namespace c {
 struct cpx {
@@ -31,18 +29,19 @@ struct cpx {
     double im;
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace c
 namespace avro {
-template<> struct codec_traits<c::cpx> {
-    static void encode(Encoder& e, const c::cpx& v) {
+template<>
+struct codec_traits<c::cpx> {
+    static void encode(Encoder &e, const c::cpx &v) {
         avro::encode(e, v.re);
         avro::encode(e, v.im);
     }
-    static void decode(Decoder& d, c::cpx& v) {
+    static void decode(Decoder &d, c::cpx &v) {
         avro::decode(d, v.re);
         avro::decode(d, v.im);
     }
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace avro
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/custom.cc b/lang/c++/examples/custom.cc
index e3aa32da8c4..baf6d0cf796 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/custom.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/custom.cc
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
 
 #include <complex>
 
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Specific.hh"
 
 namespace avro {
 template<typename T>
-struct codec_traits<std::complex<T> > {
-    static void encode(Encoder& e, const std::complex<T>& c) {
+struct codec_traits<std::complex<T>> {
+    static void encode(Encoder &e, const std::complex<T> &c) {
         avro::encode(e, std::real(c));
         avro::encode(e, std::imag(c));
     }
 
-    static void decode(Decoder& d, std::complex<T>& c) {
+    static void decode(Decoder &d, std::complex<T> &c) {
         T re, im;
         avro::decode(d, re);
         avro::decode(d, im);
@@ -38,10 +38,8 @@ struct codec_traits<std::complex<T> > {
     }
 };
 
-}
-int
-main()
-{
+} // namespace avro
+int main() {
     std::unique_ptr<avro::OutputStream> out = avro::memoryOutputStream();
     avro::EncoderPtr e = avro::binaryEncoder();
     e->init(*out);
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/datafile.cc b/lang/c++/examples/datafile.cc
index 2875e8fc738..6942a3074fa 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/datafile.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/datafile.cc
@@ -18,25 +18,21 @@
 
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "cpx.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
-#include "avro/Decoder.hh"
-#include "avro/ValidSchema.hh"
 #include "avro/Compiler.hh"
 #include "avro/DataFile.hh"
+#include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
+#include "avro/ValidSchema.hh"
+#include "cpx.hh"
 
-
-avro::ValidSchema loadSchema(const char* filename)
-{
+avro::ValidSchema loadSchema(const char *filename) {
     std::ifstream ifs(filename);
     avro::ValidSchema result;
     avro::compileJsonSchema(ifs, result);
     return result;
 }
 
-int
-main()
-{
+int main() {
     avro::ValidSchema cpxSchema = loadSchema("cpx.json");
 
     {
@@ -59,4 +55,3 @@ main()
     }
     return 0;
 }
-
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/generated.cc b/lang/c++/examples/generated.cc
index f1394ee602a..42a8dd923f1 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/generated.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/generated.cc
@@ -16,14 +16,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "cpx.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
+#include "cpx.hh"
 
-
-int
-main()
-{
+int main() {
     std::unique_ptr<avro::OutputStream> out = avro::memoryOutputStream();
     avro::EncoderPtr e = avro::binaryEncoder();
     e->init(*out);
@@ -41,4 +38,3 @@ main()
     std::cout << '(' << c2.re << ", " << c2.im << ')' << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }
-
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/generic.cc b/lang/c++/examples/generic.cc
index 2675564e8ba..3abd37eccbc 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/generic.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/generic.cc
@@ -16,20 +16,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <fstream>
 #include <complex>
+#include <fstream>
 
 #include "cpx.hh"
 
 #include "avro/Compiler.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
-#include "avro/Specific.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Generic.hh"
+#include "avro/Specific.hh"
 
-int
-main()
-{
+int main() {
     std::ifstream ifs("cpx.json");
 
     avro::ValidSchema cpxSchema;
@@ -51,14 +49,14 @@ main()
     avro::decode(*d, datum);
     std::cout << "Type: " << datum.type() << std::endl;
     if (datum.type() == avro::AVRO_RECORD) {
-        const avro::GenericRecord& r = datum.value<avro::GenericRecord>();
+        const avro::GenericRecord &r = datum.value<avro::GenericRecord>();
         std::cout << "Field-count: " << r.fieldCount() << std::endl;
         if (r.fieldCount() == 2) {
-            const avro::GenericDatum& f0 = r.fieldAt(0);
+            const avro::GenericDatum &f0 = r.fieldAt(0);
             if (f0.type() == avro::AVRO_DOUBLE) {
                 std::cout << "Real: " << f0.value<double>() << std::endl;
             }
-            const avro::GenericDatum& f1 = r.fieldAt(1);
+            const avro::GenericDatum &f1 = r.fieldAt(1);
             if (f1.type() == avro::AVRO_DOUBLE) {
                 std::cout << "Imaginary: " << f1.value<double>() << std::endl;
             }
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/imaginary.hh b/lang/c++/examples/imaginary.hh
index 774aefd1172..a268ea1c835 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/imaginary.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/imaginary.hh
@@ -16,31 +16,30 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-
 #ifndef IMAGINARY_HH_3460301992__H_
 #define IMAGINARY_HH_3460301992__H_
 
-
-#include "boost/any.hpp"
-#include "avro/Specific.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Specific.hh"
+#include "boost/any.hpp"
 
 namespace i {
 struct cpx {
     double im;
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace i
 namespace avro {
-template<> struct codec_traits<i::cpx> {
-    static void encode(Encoder& e, const i::cpx& v) {
+template<>
+struct codec_traits<i::cpx> {
+    static void encode(Encoder &e, const i::cpx &v) {
         avro::encode(e, v.im);
     }
-    static void decode(Decoder& d, i::cpx& v) {
+    static void decode(Decoder &d, i::cpx &v) {
         avro::decode(d, v.im);
     }
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace avro
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/resolving.cc b/lang/c++/examples/resolving.cc
index 8ce9addb894..a3aec70bc05 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/resolving.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/resolving.cc
@@ -22,24 +22,19 @@
 #include "imaginary.hh"
 
 #include "avro/Compiler.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
-#include "avro/Specific.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Generic.hh"
+#include "avro/Specific.hh"
 
-
-
-avro::ValidSchema load(const char* filename)
-{
+avro::ValidSchema load(const char *filename) {
     std::ifstream ifs(filename);
     avro::ValidSchema result;
     avro::compileJsonSchema(ifs, result);
     return result;
 }
 
-int
-main()
-{
+int main() {
     avro::ValidSchema cpxSchema = load("cpx.json");
     avro::ValidSchema imaginarySchema = load("imaginary.json");
 
@@ -53,11 +48,10 @@ main()
 
     std::unique_ptr<avro::InputStream> in = avro::memoryInputStream(*out);
     avro::DecoderPtr d = avro::resolvingDecoder(cpxSchema, imaginarySchema,
-        avro::binaryDecoder());
+                                                avro::binaryDecoder());
     d->init(*in);
 
     i::cpx c2;
     avro::decode(*d, c2);
     std::cout << "Imaginary: " << c2.im << std::endl;
-
 }
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/schemaload.cc b/lang/c++/examples/schemaload.cc
index d6b442dd960..63375af9a54 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/schemaload.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/schemaload.cc
@@ -18,13 +18,10 @@
 
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "avro/ValidSchema.hh"
 #include "avro/Compiler.hh"
+#include "avro/ValidSchema.hh"
 
-
-int
-main()
-{
+int main() {
     std::ifstream in("cpx.json");
 
     avro::ValidSchema cpxSchema;
diff --git a/lang/c++/examples/validating.cc b/lang/c++/examples/validating.cc
index 64f0649fa5d..5479edeb3d4 100644
--- a/lang/c++/examples/validating.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/examples/validating.cc
@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <fstream>
 #include <complex>
+#include <fstream>
 
 #include "avro/Compiler.hh"
-#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Encoder.hh"
 #include "avro/Specific.hh"
 
 namespace avro {
 template<typename T>
-struct codec_traits<std::complex<T> > {
-    static void encode(Encoder& e, const std::complex<T>& c) {
+struct codec_traits<std::complex<T>> {
+    static void encode(Encoder &e, const std::complex<T> &c) {
         avro::encode(e, std::real(c));
         avro::encode(e, std::imag(c));
     }
 
-    static void decode(Decoder& d, std::complex<T>& c) {
+    static void decode(Decoder &d, std::complex<T> &c) {
         T re, im;
         avro::decode(d, re);
         avro::decode(d, im);
@@ -40,10 +40,8 @@ struct codec_traits<std::complex<T> > {
     }
 };
 
-}
-int
-main()
-{
+} // namespace avro
+int main() {
     std::ifstream ifs("cpx.json");
 
     avro::ValidSchema cpxSchema;
@@ -51,14 +49,14 @@ main()
 
     std::unique_ptr<avro::OutputStream> out = avro::memoryOutputStream();
     avro::EncoderPtr e = avro::validatingEncoder(cpxSchema,
-        avro::binaryEncoder());
+                                                 avro::binaryEncoder());
     e->init(*out);
     std::complex<double> c1(1.0, 2.0);
     avro::encode(*e, c1);
 
     std::unique_ptr<avro::InputStream> in = avro::memoryInputStream(*out);
     avro::DecoderPtr d = avro::validatingDecoder(cpxSchema,
-        avro::binaryDecoder());
+                                                 avro::binaryDecoder());
     d->init(*in);
 
     std::complex<double> c2;
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/BinaryDecoder.cc b/lang/c++/impl/BinaryDecoder.cc
index 248b503342a..a970d605207 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/BinaryDecoder.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/BinaryDecoder.cc
@@ -74,14 +74,13 @@ bool BinaryDecoder::decodeBool() {
     } else if (v == 1) {
         return true;
     }
-    throw Exception(boost::format("Invalid value for bool: %1%") % v);
+    throw Exception("Invalid value for bool: {}", v);
 }
 
 int32_t BinaryDecoder::decodeInt() {
     auto val = doDecodeLong();
     if (val < INT32_MIN || val > INT32_MAX) {
-        throw Exception(
-            boost::format("Value out of range for Avro int: %1%") % val);
+        throw Exception("Value out of range for Avro int: {}", val);
     }
     return static_cast<int32_t>(val);
 }
@@ -105,8 +104,7 @@ double BinaryDecoder::decodeDouble() {
 size_t BinaryDecoder::doDecodeLength() {
     ssize_t len = decodeInt();
     if (len < 0) {
-        throw Exception(
-            boost::format("Cannot have negative length: %1%") % len);
+        throw Exception("Cannot have negative length: {}", len);
     }
     return len;
 }
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Compiler.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Compiler.cc
index d76546f317d..3b287c9eeb0 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Compiler.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Compiler.cc
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
  */
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "Compiler.hh"
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
+#include "NodeConcepts.hh"
 #include "Schema.hh"
 #include "Stream.hh"
 #include "Types.hh"
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ static NodePtr makeNode(const string &t, SymbolTable &st, const string &ns) {
     if (it != st.end()) {
         return NodePtr(new NodeSymbolic(asSingleAttribute(n), it->second));
     }
-    throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown type: %1%") % n.fullname());
+    throw Exception("Unknown type: {}", n);
 }
 
 /** Returns "true" if the field is in the container */
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ json::Object::const_iterator findField(const Entity &e,
 template<typename T>
 void ensureType(const Entity &e, const string &name) {
     if (e.type() != json::type_traits<T>::type()) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Json field \"%1%\" is not a %2%: %3%") % name % json::type_traits<T>::name() % e.toString());
+        throw Exception("Json field \"{}\" is not a {}: {}", name, json::type_traits<T>::name(), e.toString());
     }
 }
 
@@ -144,16 +147,20 @@ string getDocField(const Entity &e, const Object &m) {
 
 struct Field {
     const string name;
+    const vector<string> aliases;
     const NodePtr schema;
     const GenericDatum defaultValue;
-    Field(string n, NodePtr v, GenericDatum dv) : name(std::move(n)), schema(std::move(v)), defaultValue(std::move(dv)) {}
+    const CustomAttributes customAttributes;
+
+    Field(string n, vector<string> a, NodePtr v, GenericDatum dv, const CustomAttributes &ca)
+        : name(std::move(n)), aliases(std::move(a)), schema(std::move(v)), defaultValue(std::move(dv)), customAttributes(ca) {}
 };
 
 static void assertType(const Entity &e, EntityType et) {
     if (e.type() != et) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Unexpected type for default value: "
-                                      "Expected %1%, but found %2% in line %3%")
-                        % json::typeToString(et) % json::typeToString(e.type()) % e.line());
+        throw Exception(
+            "Unexpected type for default value: Expected {}, but found {} in line {}",
+            json::typeToString(et), json::typeToString(e.type()), e.line());
     }
 }
 
@@ -212,9 +219,9 @@ static GenericDatum makeGenericDatum(NodePtr n,
             for (size_t i = 0; i < n->leaves(); ++i) {
                 auto it = v.find(n->nameAt(i));
                 if (it == v.end()) {
-                    throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                        "No value found in default for %1%")
-                                    % n->nameAt(i));
+                    throw Exception(
+                        "No value found in default for {}",
+                        n->nameAt(i));
                 }
                 result.setFieldAt(i,
                                   makeGenericDatum(n->leafAt(i), it->second, st));
@@ -252,13 +259,39 @@ static GenericDatum makeGenericDatum(NodePtr n,
         case AVRO_FIXED:
             assertType(e, json::EntityType::String);
             return GenericDatum(n, GenericFixed(n, toBin(e.bytesValue())));
-        default: throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown type: %1%") % t);
+        default: throw Exception("Unknown type: {}", t);
+    }
+}
+
+static const std::unordered_set<std::string> &getKnownFields() {
+    // return known fields
+    static const std::unordered_set<std::string> kKnownFields =
+        {"name", "type", "aliases", "default", "doc", "size", "logicalType",
+         "values", "precision", "scale", "namespace"};
+    return kKnownFields;
+}
+
+static void getCustomAttributes(const Object &m, CustomAttributes &customAttributes) {
+    // Don't add known fields on primitive type and fixed type into custom
+    // fields.
+    const std::unordered_set<std::string> &kKnownFields = getKnownFields();
+    for (const auto &entry : m) {
+        if (kKnownFields.find(entry.first) == kKnownFields.end()) {
+            customAttributes.addAttribute(entry.first, entry.second.stringValue());
+        }
     }
 }
 
 static Field makeField(const Entity &e, SymbolTable &st, const string &ns) {
     const Object &m = e.objectValue();
-    const string &n = getStringField(e, m, "name");
+    string n = getStringField(e, m, "name");
+    vector<string> aliases;
+    string aliasesName = "aliases";
+    if (containsField(m, aliasesName)) {
+        for (const auto &alias : getArrayField(e, m, aliasesName)) {
+            aliases.emplace_back(alias.stringValue());
+        }
+    }
     auto it = findField(e, m, "type");
     auto it2 = m.find("default");
     NodePtr node = makeNode(it->second, st, ns);
@@ -266,31 +299,38 @@ static Field makeField(const Entity &e, SymbolTable &st, const string &ns) {
         node->setDoc(getDocField(e, m));
     }
     GenericDatum d = (it2 == m.end()) ? GenericDatum() : makeGenericDatum(node, it2->second, st);
-    return Field(n, node, d);
+    // Get custom attributes
+    CustomAttributes customAttributes;
+    getCustomAttributes(m, customAttributes);
+    return Field(std::move(n), std::move(aliases), node, d, customAttributes);
 }
 
 // Extended makeRecordNode (with doc).
 static NodePtr makeRecordNode(const Entity &e, const Name &name,
                               const string *doc, const Object &m,
                               SymbolTable &st, const string &ns) {
-    const Array &v = getArrayField(e, m, "fields");
     concepts::MultiAttribute<string> fieldNames;
+    vector<vector<string>> fieldAliases;
     concepts::MultiAttribute<NodePtr> fieldValues;
+    concepts::MultiAttribute<CustomAttributes> customAttributes;
     vector<GenericDatum> defaultValues;
-
-    for (const auto &it : v) {
+    string fields = "fields";
+    for (const auto &it : getArrayField(e, m, fields)) {
         Field f = makeField(it, st, ns);
         fieldNames.add(f.name);
+        fieldAliases.push_back(f.aliases);
         fieldValues.add(f.schema);
         defaultValues.push_back(f.defaultValue);
+        customAttributes.add(f.customAttributes);
     }
+
     NodeRecord *node;
     if (doc == nullptr) {
         node = new NodeRecord(asSingleAttribute(name), fieldValues, fieldNames,
-                              defaultValues);
+                              fieldAliases, defaultValues, customAttributes);
     } else {
         node = new NodeRecord(asSingleAttribute(name), asSingleAttribute(*doc),
-                              fieldValues, fieldNames, defaultValues);
+                              fieldValues, fieldNames, fieldAliases, defaultValues, customAttributes);
     }
     return NodePtr(node);
 }
@@ -305,9 +345,10 @@ static LogicalType makeLogicalType(const Entity &e, const Object &m) {
     if (typeField == "decimal") {
         LogicalType decimalType(LogicalType::DECIMAL);
         try {
-            decimalType.setPrecision(getLongField(e, m, "precision"));
+            // Precision probably won't go over 38 and scale beyond -77/+77
+            decimalType.setPrecision(static_cast<int32_t>(getLongField(e, m, "precision")));
             if (containsField(m, "scale")) {
-                decimalType.setScale(getLongField(e, m, "scale"));
+                decimalType.setScale(static_cast<int32_t>(getLongField(e, m, "scale")));
             }
         } catch (Exception &ex) {
             // If any part of the logical type is malformed, per the standard we
@@ -337,11 +378,12 @@ static LogicalType makeLogicalType(const Entity &e, const Object &m) {
 
 static NodePtr makeEnumNode(const Entity &e,
                             const Name &name, const Object &m) {
-    const Array &v = getArrayField(e, m, "symbols");
+    string symbolsName = "symbols";
+    const Array &v = getArrayField(e, m, symbolsName);
     concepts::MultiAttribute<string> symbols;
     for (const auto &it : v) {
         if (it.type() != json::EntityType::String) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Enum symbol not a string: %1%") % it.toString());
+            throw Exception("Enum symbol not a string: {}", it.toString());
         }
         symbols.add(it.stringValue());
     }
@@ -354,12 +396,12 @@ static NodePtr makeEnumNode(const Entity &e,
 
 static NodePtr makeFixedNode(const Entity &e,
                              const Name &name, const Object &m) {
-    int v = static_cast<int>(getLongField(e, m, "size"));
+    int64_t v = getLongField(e, m, "size");
     if (v <= 0) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Size for fixed is not positive: %1%") % e.toString());
+        throw Exception("Size for fixed is not positive: {}", e.toString());
     }
     NodePtr node =
-        NodePtr(new NodeFixed(asSingleAttribute(name), asSingleAttribute(v)));
+        NodePtr(new NodeFixed(asSingleAttribute(name), asSingleAttribute(static_cast<size_t>(v))));
     if (containsField(m, "doc")) {
         node->setDoc(getDocField(e, m));
     }
@@ -392,21 +434,31 @@ static NodePtr makeMapNode(const Entity &e, const Object &m,
 static Name getName(const Entity &e, const Object &m, const string &ns) {
     const string &name = getStringField(e, m, "name");
 
+    Name result;
     if (isFullName(name)) {
-        return Name(name);
+        result = Name(name);
     } else {
         auto it = m.find("namespace");
         if (it != m.end()) {
             if (it->second.type() != json::type_traits<string>::type()) {
-                throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                    "Json field \"%1%\" is not a %2%: %3%")
-                                % "namespace" % json::type_traits<string>::name() % it->second.toString());
+                throw Exception(
+                    "Json field \"namespace\" is not a string: {}",
+                    it->second.toString());
             }
-            Name result = Name(name, it->second.stringValue());
-            return result;
+            result = Name(name, it->second.stringValue());
+        } else {
+            result = Name(name, ns);
         }
-        return Name(name, ns);
     }
+
+    std::string aliases = "aliases";
+    if (containsField(m, aliases)) {
+        for (const auto &alias : getArrayField(e, m, aliases)) {
+            result.addAlias(alias.stringValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 static NodePtr makeNode(const Entity &e, const Object &m,
@@ -452,11 +504,10 @@ static NodePtr makeNode(const Entity &e, const Object &m,
         return result;
     }
 
-    throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown type definition: %1%")
-                    % e.toString());
+    throw Exception("Unknown type definition: %1%", e.toString());
 }
 
-static NodePtr makeNode(const Entity &e, const Array &m,
+static NodePtr makeNode(const Entity &, const Array &m,
                         SymbolTable &st, const string &ns) {
     concepts::MultiAttribute<NodePtr> mm;
     for (const auto &it : m) {
@@ -470,13 +521,13 @@ static NodePtr makeNode(const json::Entity &e, SymbolTable &st, const string &ns
         case json::EntityType::String: return makeNode(e.stringValue(), st, ns);
         case json::EntityType::Obj: return makeNode(e, e.objectValue(), st, ns);
         case json::EntityType::Arr: return makeNode(e, e.arrayValue(), st, ns);
-        default: throw Exception(boost::format("Invalid Avro type: %1%") % e.toString());
+        default: throw Exception("Invalid Avro type: {}", e.toString());
     }
 }
 json::Object::const_iterator findField(const Entity &e, const Object &m, const string &fieldName) {
     auto it = m.find(fieldName);
     if (it == m.end()) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Missing Json field \"%1%\": %2%") % fieldName % e.toString());
+        throw Exception("Missing Json field \"{}\": {}", fieldName, e.toString());
     } else {
         return it;
     }
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/CustomAttributes.cc b/lang/c++/impl/CustomAttributes.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13c56a5e926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/CustomAttributes.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
+#include "Exception.hh"
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace avro {
+
+boost::optional<std::string> CustomAttributes::getAttribute(const std::string &name) const {
+    boost::optional<std::string> result;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter =
+        attributes_.find(name);
+    if (iter == attributes_.end()) {
+        return result;
+    }
+    result = iter->second;
+    return result;
+}
+
+void CustomAttributes::addAttribute(const std::string &name,
+                                    const std::string &value) {
+    auto iter_and_find =
+        attributes_.insert(std::pair<std::string, std::string>(name, value));
+    if (!iter_and_find.second) {
+        throw Exception(name + " already exists and cannot be added");
+    }
+}
+
+void CustomAttributes::printJson(std::ostream &os,
+                                 const std::string &name) const {
+    if (attributes().find(name) == attributes().end()) {
+        throw Exception(name + " doesn't exist");
+    }
+    os << "\"" << name << "\": \"" << attributes().at(name) << "\"";
+}
+} // namespace avro
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/DataFile.cc b/lang/c++/impl/DataFile.cc
index 18fb3f61a68..66281ae9820 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/DataFile.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/DataFile.cc
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ DataFileWriterBase::DataFileWriterBase(std::unique_ptr<OutputStream> outputStrea
 
 void DataFileWriterBase::init(const ValidSchema &schema, size_t syncInterval, const Codec &codec) {
     if (syncInterval < minSyncInterval || syncInterval > maxSyncInterval) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Invalid sync interval: %1%. "
-                                      "Should be between %2% and %3%")
-                        % syncInterval % minSyncInterval % maxSyncInterval);
+        throw Exception(
+            "Invalid sync interval: {}. Should be between {} and {}",
+            syncInterval, minSyncInterval, maxSyncInterval);
     }
     setMetadata(AVRO_CODEC_KEY, AVRO_NULL_CODEC);
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ void DataFileWriterBase::init(const ValidSchema &schema, size_t syncInterval, co
         setMetadata(AVRO_CODEC_KEY, AVRO_SNAPPY_CODEC);
 #endif
     } else {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown codec: %1%") % codec);
+        throw Exception("Unknown codec: {}", int(codec));
     }
     setMetadata(AVRO_SCHEMA_KEY, schema.toJson(false));
 
@@ -120,7 +120,9 @@ void DataFileWriterBase::init(const ValidSchema &schema, size_t syncInterval, co
 
 DataFileWriterBase::~DataFileWriterBase() {
     if (stream_) {
-        close();
+        try {
+            close();
+        } catch (...) {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -193,10 +195,10 @@ void DataFileWriterBase::sync() {
             os.push(boost::iostreams::back_inserter(temp));
             boost::iostreams::write(os, compressed.c_str(), compressed_size);
         }
-        temp.push_back((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF);
-        temp.push_back((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF);
-        temp.push_back((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF);
-        temp.push_back(checksum & 0xFF);
+        temp.push_back(static_cast<char>((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF));
+        temp.push_back(static_cast<char>((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF));
+        temp.push_back(static_cast<char>((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF));
+        temp.push_back(static_cast<char>(checksum & 0xFF));
         std::unique_ptr<InputStream> in = memoryInputStream(
             reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(temp.data()), temp.size());
         int64_t byteCount = temp.size();
@@ -232,9 +234,8 @@ void DataFileWriterBase::flush() {
     sync();
 }
 
-boost::mt19937 random(static_cast<uint32_t>(time(nullptr)));
-
 DataFileSync DataFileWriterBase::makeSync() {
+    boost::mt19937 random(static_cast<uint32_t>(time(nullptr)));
     DataFileSync sync;
     std::generate(sync.begin(), sync.end(), random);
     return sync;
@@ -257,14 +258,14 @@ void DataFileWriterBase::setMetadata(const string &key, const string &value) {
     metadata_[key] = v;
 }
 
-DataFileReaderBase::DataFileReaderBase(const char *filename) : filename_(filename), codec_(NULL_CODEC), stream_(fileSeekableInputStream(filename)),
-                                                               decoder_(binaryDecoder()), objectCount_(0), eof_(false), blockStart_(-1),
-                                                               blockEnd_(-1) {
+DataFileReaderBase::DataFileReaderBase(const char *filename) : filename_(filename), stream_(fileSeekableInputStream(filename)),
+                                                               decoder_(binaryDecoder()), objectCount_(0), eof_(false),
+                                                               codec_(NULL_CODEC), blockStart_(-1), blockEnd_(-1) {
     readHeader();
 }
 
-DataFileReaderBase::DataFileReaderBase(std::unique_ptr<InputStream> inputStream) : codec_(NULL_CODEC), stream_(std::move(inputStream)),
-                                                                                   decoder_(binaryDecoder()), objectCount_(0), eof_(false) {
+DataFileReaderBase::DataFileReaderBase(std::unique_ptr<InputStream> inputStream) : stream_(std::move(inputStream)),
+                                                                                   decoder_(binaryDecoder()), objectCount_(0), eof_(false), codec_(NULL_CODEC) {
     readHeader();
 }
 
@@ -392,6 +393,9 @@ void DataFileReaderBase::readDataBlock() {
             compressed_.insert(compressed_.end(), data, data + len);
         }
         len = compressed_.size();
+        if (len < 4)
+            throw Exception("Cannot read compressed data, expected at least 4 bytes, got " + std::to_string(len));
+
         int b1 = compressed_[len - 4] & 0xFF;
         int b2 = compressed_[len - 3] & 0xFF;
         int b3 = compressed_[len - 2] & 0xFF;
@@ -407,8 +411,8 @@ void DataFileReaderBase::readDataBlock() {
         uint32_t c = crc();
         if (checksum != c) {
             throw Exception(
-                boost::format("Checksum did not match for Snappy compression: Expected: %1%, computed: %2%") % checksum
-                % c);
+                "Checksum did not match for Snappy compression: Expected: {}, computed: {}",
+                checksum, c);
         }
         os_.reset(new boost::iostreams::filtering_istream());
         os_->push(
@@ -451,7 +455,7 @@ static ValidSchema makeSchema(const vector<uint8_t> &v) {
     istringstream iss(toString(v));
     ValidSchema vs;
     compileJsonSchema(iss, vs);
-    return ValidSchema(vs);
+    return vs;
 }
 
 void DataFileReaderBase::readHeader() {
@@ -523,8 +527,7 @@ void DataFileReaderBase::sync(int64_t position) {
             eof_ = true;
             return;
         }
-        int len =
-            std::min(static_cast<size_t>(SyncSize - i), n);
+        size_t len = std::min(SyncSize - i, n);
         memcpy(&sync_buffer[i], p, len);
         p += len;
         n -= len;
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/FileStream.cc b/lang/c++/impl/FileStream.cc
index 749fd835abd..9063cf1f734 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/FileStream.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/FileStream.cc
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ struct BufferCopyIn {
 struct FileBufferCopyIn : public BufferCopyIn {
 #ifdef _WIN32
     HANDLE h_;
-    FileBufferCopyIn(const char *filename) : h_(::CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)) {
+    explicit FileBufferCopyIn(const char *filename) : h_(::CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)) {
         if (h_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot open file: %1%") % ::GetLastError());
+            throw Exception("Cannot open file: {}", ::GetLastError());
         }
     }
 
@@ -59,16 +59,16 @@ struct FileBufferCopyIn : public BufferCopyIn {
         ::CloseHandle(h_);
     }
 
-    void seek(size_t len) {
+    void seek(size_t len) override {
         if (::SetFilePointer(h_, len, NULL, FILE_CURRENT) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && ::GetLastError() != NO_ERROR) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot skip file: %1%") % ::GetLastError());
+            throw Exception("Cannot skip file: {}", ::GetLastError());
         }
     }
 
-    bool read(uint8_t *b, size_t toRead, size_t &actual) {
+    bool read(uint8_t *b, size_t toRead, size_t &actual) override {
         DWORD dw = 0;
         if (!::ReadFile(h_, b, toRead, &dw, NULL)) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot read file: %1%") % ::GetLastError());
+            throw Exception("Cannot read file: {}", ::GetLastError());
         }
         actual = static_cast<size_t>(dw);
         return actual != 0;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ struct FileBufferCopyIn : public BufferCopyIn {
 
     explicit FileBufferCopyIn(const char *filename) : fd_(open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY)) {
         if (fd_ < 0) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot open file: %1%") % ::strerror(errno));
+            throw Exception("Cannot open file: {}", strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ struct FileBufferCopyIn : public BufferCopyIn {
     void seek(size_t len) final {
         off_t r = ::lseek(fd_, len, SEEK_CUR);
         if (r == static_cast<off_t>(-1)) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot skip file: %1%") % strerror(errno));
+            throw Exception("Cannot skip file: {}", strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 
     bool read(uint8_t *b, size_t toRead, size_t &actual) final {
-        int n = ::read(fd_, b, toRead);
+        auto n = ::read(fd_, b, toRead);
         if (n > 0) {
             actual = n;
             return true;
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ struct BufferCopyOut {
 struct FileBufferCopyOut : public BufferCopyOut {
 #ifdef _WIN32
     HANDLE h_;
-    FileBufferCopyOut(const char *filename) : h_(::CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)) {
+    explicit FileBufferCopyOut(const char *filename) : h_(::CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)) {
         if (h_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot open file: %1%") % ::GetLastError());
+            throw Exception("Cannot open file: {}", ::GetLastError());
         }
     }
 
@@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ struct FileBufferCopyOut : public BufferCopyOut {
         ::CloseHandle(h_);
     }
 
-    void write(const uint8_t *b, size_t len) {
+    void write(const uint8_t *b, size_t len) override {
         while (len > 0) {
             DWORD dw = 0;
             if (!::WriteFile(h_, b, len, &dw, NULL)) {
-                throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot read file: %1%") % ::GetLastError());
+                throw Exception("Cannot read file: {}", ::GetLastError());
             }
             b += dw;
             len -= dw;
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct FileBufferCopyOut : public BufferCopyOut {
     explicit FileBufferCopyOut(const char *filename) : fd_(::open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0644)) {
 
         if (fd_ < 0) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot open file: %1%") % ::strerror(errno));
+            throw Exception("Cannot open file: {}", ::strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ struct FileBufferCopyOut : public BufferCopyOut {
 
     void write(const uint8_t *b, size_t len) final {
         if (::write(fd_, b, len) < 0) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot write file: %1%") % ::strerror(errno));
+            throw Exception("Cannot write file: {}", ::strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Generic.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Generic.cc
index 6e0436ae344..1535c604be7 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Generic.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Generic.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ typedef vector<uint8_t> bytes;
 
 void GenericContainer::assertType(const NodePtr &schema, Type type) {
     if (schema->type() != type) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Schema type %1 expected %2") % toString(schema->type()) % toString(type));
+        throw Exception("Schema type {} expected {}", schema->type(), type);
     }
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ void GenericReader::read(GenericDatum &datum, Decoder &d, bool isResolving) {
             }
         } break;
         default:
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown schema type %1%") % toString(datum.type()));
+            throw Exception("Unknown schema type {}", datum.type());
     }
 }
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void GenericWriter::write(const GenericDatum &datum, Encoder &e) {
             e.mapEnd();
         } break;
         default:
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown schema type %1%") % toString(datum.type()));
+            throw Exception("Unknown schema type {}", datum.type());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/GenericDatum.cc b/lang/c++/impl/GenericDatum.cc
index 7b2bf93bca9..49700a927f5 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/GenericDatum.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/GenericDatum.cc
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void GenericDatum::init(const NodePtr &schema) {
             value_ = GenericUnion(sc);
             break;
         default:
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Unknown schema type %1%") % toString(type_));
+            throw Exception("Unknown schema type {}", toString(type_));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/LogicalType.cc b/lang/c++/impl/LogicalType.cc
index 1aa24bf20de..5e03a313d8f 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/LogicalType.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/LogicalType.cc
@@ -28,22 +28,22 @@ LogicalType::Type LogicalType::type() const {
     return type_;
 }
 
-void LogicalType::setPrecision(int precision) {
+void LogicalType::setPrecision(int32_t precision) {
     if (type_ != DECIMAL) {
         throw Exception("Only logical type DECIMAL can have precision");
     }
     if (precision <= 0) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Precision cannot be: %1%") % precision);
+        throw Exception("Precision cannot be: {}", precision);
     }
     precision_ = precision;
 }
 
-void LogicalType::setScale(int scale) {
+void LogicalType::setScale(int32_t scale) {
     if (type_ != DECIMAL) {
         throw Exception("Only logical type DECIMAL can have scale");
     }
     if (scale < 0) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Scale cannot be: %1%") % scale);
+        throw Exception("Scale cannot be: {}", scale);
     }
     scale_ = scale;
 }
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Node.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Node.cc
index 46310d0f9ef..14ce6ecf05b 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Node.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Node.cc
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "Node.hh"
 
@@ -26,12 +27,44 @@ using std::string;
 
 Node::~Node() = default;
 
+struct Name::Aliases {
+    std::vector<std::string> raw;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> fullyQualified;
+};
+
+Name::Name() = default;
+
 Name::Name(const std::string &name) {
     fullname(name);
 }
 
+Name::Name(std::string simpleName, std::string ns) : ns_(std::move(ns)), simpleName_(std::move(simpleName)) {
+    check();
+}
+
+Name::Name(const Name &other) {
+    *this = other;
+}
+
+Name &Name::operator=(const Name &other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+        ns_ = other.ns_;
+        simpleName_ = other.simpleName_;
+        if (other.aliases_) {
+            aliases_ = std::make_unique<Aliases>(*other.aliases_);
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+Name::Name(Name &&other) = default;
+
+Name &Name::operator=(Name &&other) = default;
+
+Name::~Name() = default;
+
 string Name::fullname() const {
-    return (ns_.empty()) ? simpleName_ : ns_ + "." + simpleName_;
+    return ns_.empty() ? simpleName_ : ns_ + "." + simpleName_;
 }
 
 void Name::fullname(const string &name) {
@@ -46,6 +79,23 @@ void Name::fullname(const string &name) {
     check();
 }
 
+const std::vector<std::string> &Name::aliases() const {
+    static const std::vector<std::string> emptyAliases;
+    return aliases_ ? aliases_->raw : emptyAliases;
+}
+
+void Name::addAlias(const std::string &alias) {
+    if (!aliases_) {
+        aliases_ = std::make_unique<Aliases>();
+    }
+    aliases_->raw.push_back(alias);
+    if (!ns_.empty() && alias.find_last_of('.') == string::npos) {
+        aliases_->fullyQualified.emplace(ns_ + "." + alias);
+    } else {
+        aliases_->fullyQualified.insert(alias);
+    }
+}
+
 bool Name::operator<(const Name &n) const {
     return (ns_ < n.ns_) || (!(n.ns_ < ns_) && (simpleName_ < n.simpleName_));
 }
@@ -72,6 +122,16 @@ bool Name::operator==(const Name &n) const {
     return ns_ == n.ns_ && simpleName_ == n.simpleName_;
 }
 
+bool Name::equalOrAliasedBy(const Name &n) const {
+    return *this == n || (n.aliases_ && n.aliases_->fullyQualified.find(fullname()) != n.aliases_->fullyQualified.end());
+}
+
+void Name::clear() {
+    ns_.clear();
+    simpleName_.clear();
+    aliases_.reset();
+}
+
 void Node::setLogicalType(LogicalType logicalType) {
     checkLock();
 
@@ -86,14 +146,13 @@ void Node::setLogicalType(LogicalType logicalType) {
             if (type_ == AVRO_FIXED) {
                 // Max precision that can be supported by the current size of
                 // the FIXED type.
-                long maxPrecision = floor(log10(2.0) * (8.0 * fixedSize() - 1));
+                auto maxPrecision = static_cast<int32_t>(floor(log10(2.0) * (8.0 * static_cast<double>(fixedSize()) - 1)));
                 if (logicalType.precision() > maxPrecision) {
                     throw Exception(
-                        boost::format(
-                            "DECIMAL precision %1% is too large for the "
-                            "FIXED type of size %2%, precision cannot be "
-                            "larger than %3%")
-                        % logicalType.precision() % fixedSize() % maxPrecision);
+                        "DECIMAL precision {} is too large for the "
+                        "FIXED type of size {}, precision cannot be "
+                        "larger than {}",
+                        logicalType.precision(), fixedSize(), maxPrecision);
                 }
             }
             if (logicalType.scale() > logicalType.precision()) {
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/NodeImpl.cc b/lang/c++/impl/NodeImpl.cc
index 810e1641ed9..e3073aaaef2 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/NodeImpl.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/NodeImpl.cc
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ string escape(const string &unescaped) {
 // Wrap an indentation in a struct for ostream operator<<
 struct indent {
     explicit indent(size_t depth) : d(depth) {}
-    int d;
+    size_t d;
 };
 
 /// ostream operator for indent
@@ -83,6 +83,18 @@ std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, indent x) {
     return os;
 }
 
+void printCustomAttributes(const CustomAttributes &customAttributes, size_t depth,
+                           std::ostream &os) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter =
+        customAttributes.attributes().begin();
+    while (iter != customAttributes.attributes().end()) {
+        os << ",\n"
+           << indent(depth);
+        customAttributes.printJson(os, iter->first);
+        ++iter;
+    }
+}
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 const int kByteStringSize = 6;
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ NodePrimitive::resolve(const Node &reader) const {
                 return RESOLVE_PROMOTABLE_TO_LONG;
             }
 
-            // fall-through intentional
+            [[fallthrough]];
 
         case AVRO_LONG:
 
@@ -109,7 +121,7 @@ NodePrimitive::resolve(const Node &reader) const {
                 return RESOLVE_PROMOTABLE_TO_FLOAT;
             }
 
-            // fall-through intentional
+            [[fallthrough]];
 
         case AVRO_FLOAT:
 
@@ -243,17 +255,35 @@ static void printName(std::ostream &os, const Name &n, size_t depth) {
 void NodeRecord::printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const {
     os << "{\n";
     os << indent(++depth) << "\"type\": \"record\",\n";
-    printName(os, nameAttribute_.get(), depth);
+    const Name &name = nameAttribute_.get();
+    printName(os, name, depth);
+
+    const auto &aliases = name.aliases();
+    if (!aliases.empty()) {
+        os << indent(depth) << "\"aliases\": [";
+        ++depth;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < aliases.size(); ++i) {
+            if (i > 0) {
+                os << ',';
+            }
+            os << '\n'
+               << indent(depth) << "\"" << aliases[i] << "\"";
+        }
+        os << '\n'
+           << indent(--depth) << "]\n";
+    }
+
     if (!getDoc().empty()) {
         os << indent(depth) << R"("doc": ")"
            << escape(getDoc()) << "\",\n";
     }
-    os << indent(depth) << "\"fields\": [";
 
+    os << indent(depth) << "\"fields\": [";
     size_t fields = leafAttributes_.size();
     ++depth;
-    // Serialize "default" field:
-    assert(defaultValues.empty() || (defaultValues.size() == fields));
+    assert(fieldsAliases_.empty() || (fieldsAliases_.size() == fields));
+    assert(fieldsDefaultValues_.empty() || (fieldsDefaultValues_.size() == fields));
+    assert(customAttributes_.size() == 0 || customAttributes_.size() == fields);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < fields; ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
             os << ',';
@@ -264,16 +294,37 @@ void NodeRecord::printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const {
         os << indent(depth) << "\"type\": ";
         leafAttributes_.get(i)->printJson(os, depth);
 
-        if (!defaultValues.empty()) {
-            if (!defaultValues[i].isUnion() && defaultValues[i].type() == AVRO_NULL) {
+        if (!fieldsAliases_.empty() && !fieldsAliases_[i].empty()) {
+            os << ",\n"
+               << indent(depth) << "\"aliases\": [";
+            ++depth;
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < fieldsAliases_[i].size(); ++j) {
+                if (j > 0) {
+                    os << ',';
+                }
+                os << '\n'
+                   << indent(depth) << "\"" << fieldsAliases_[i][j] << "\"";
+            }
+            os << '\n'
+               << indent(--depth) << ']';
+        }
+
+        // Serialize "default" field:
+        if (!fieldsDefaultValues_.empty()) {
+            if (!fieldsDefaultValues_[i].isUnion() && fieldsDefaultValues_[i].type() == AVRO_NULL) {
                 // No "default" field.
             } else {
                 os << ",\n"
                    << indent(depth) << "\"default\": ";
-                leafAttributes_.get(i)->printDefaultToJson(defaultValues[i], os,
+                leafAttributes_.get(i)->printDefaultToJson(fieldsDefaultValues_[i], os,
                                                            depth);
             }
         }
+
+        if (customAttributes_.size() == fields) {
+            printCustomAttributes(customAttributes_.get(i), depth, os);
+        }
+
         os << '\n';
         os << indent(--depth) << '}';
     }
@@ -283,7 +334,7 @@ void NodeRecord::printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const {
 }
 
 void NodePrimitive::printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os,
-                                       size_t depth) const {
+                                       size_t) const {
     assert(isPrimitive(g.type()));
 
     switch (g.type()) {
@@ -324,13 +375,13 @@ void NodePrimitive::printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os,
 }
 
 void NodeEnum::printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os,
-                                  size_t depth) const {
+                                  size_t) const {
     assert(g.type() == AVRO_ENUM);
     os << "\"" << g.value<GenericEnum>().symbol() << "\"";
 }
 
 void NodeFixed::printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os,
-                                   size_t depth) const {
+                                   size_t) const {
     assert(g.type() == AVRO_FIXED);
     // ex: "\uOOff"
     // Convert to a string
@@ -409,16 +460,38 @@ void NodeRecord::printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os,
            << indent(--depth) << "}";
     }
 }
-NodeRecord::NodeRecord(const HasName &name,
-                       const MultiLeaves &fields,
-                       const LeafNames &fieldsNames,
-                       std::vector<GenericDatum> dv) : NodeImplRecord(AVRO_RECORD, name, fields, fieldsNames, NoSize()),
-                                                       defaultValues(std::move(dv)) {
+
+NodeRecord::NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+                       const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<GenericDatum> dv)
+    : NodeRecord(name, HasDoc(), fields, fieldsNames, {}, std::move(dv), MultiAttributes()) {}
+
+NodeRecord::NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const HasDoc &doc, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+                       const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<GenericDatum> dv)
+    : NodeRecord(name, doc, fields, fieldsNames, {}, std::move(dv), MultiAttributes()) {}
+
+NodeRecord::NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+                       const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldsAliases,
+                       std::vector<GenericDatum> dv, const MultiAttributes &customAttributes)
+    : NodeRecord(name, HasDoc(), fields, fieldsNames, std::move(fieldsAliases), std::move(dv), customAttributes) {}
+
+NodeRecord::NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const HasDoc &doc, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+                       const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldsAliases,
+                       std::vector<GenericDatum> dv, const MultiAttributes &customAttributes)
+    : NodeImplRecord(AVRO_RECORD, name, doc, fields, fieldsNames, customAttributes, NoSize()),
+      fieldsAliases_(std::move(fieldsAliases)),
+      fieldsDefaultValues_(std::move(dv)) {
+
     for (size_t i = 0; i < leafNameAttributes_.size(); ++i) {
         if (!nameIndex_.add(leafNameAttributes_.get(i), i)) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                "Cannot add duplicate field: %1%")
-                            % leafNameAttributes_.get(i));
+            throw Exception("Cannot add duplicate field: {}", leafNameAttributes_.get(i));
+        }
+
+        if (!fieldsAliases_.empty()) {
+            for (const auto &alias : fieldsAliases_[i]) {
+                if (!nameIndex_.add(alias, i)) {
+                    throw Exception("Cannot add duplicate field: {}", alias);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -458,9 +531,9 @@ void NodeEnum::printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const {
     printName(os, nameAttribute_.get(), depth);
     os << indent(depth) << "\"symbols\": [\n";
 
-    int names = leafNameAttributes_.size();
+    auto names = leafNameAttributes_.size();
     ++depth;
-    for (int i = 0; i < names; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < names; ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
             os << ",\n";
         }
@@ -504,9 +577,9 @@ NodeMap::NodeMap() : NodeImplMap(AVRO_MAP) {
 
 void NodeUnion::printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const {
     os << "[\n";
-    int fields = leafAttributes_.size();
+    auto fields = leafAttributes_.size();
     ++depth;
-    for (int i = 0; i < fields; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fields; ++i) {
         if (i > 0) {
             os << ",\n";
         }
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Resolver.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Resolver.cc
index 919345e8a2d..5fdd551a317 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Resolver.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Resolver.cc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class PrimitiveSkipper : public Resolver {
 public:
     PrimitiveSkipper() : Resolver() {}
 
-    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
+    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *) const final {
         T val;
         reader.readValue(val);
         DEBUG_OUT("Skipping " << val);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class PrimitivePromoter : public Resolver {
         DEBUG_OUT("Promoting " << val);
     }
 
-    void parseIt(Reader &reader, uint8_t *, const std::false_type &) const {}
+    void parseIt(Reader &, uint8_t *, const std::false_type &) const {}
 
     template<typename T>
     void parseIt(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class PrimitiveSkipper<std::vector<uint8_t>> : public Resolver {
 public:
     PrimitiveSkipper() : Resolver() {}
 
-    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
+    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *) const final {
         std::vector<uint8_t> val;
         reader.readBytes(val);
         DEBUG_OUT("Skipping bytes");
@@ -276,9 +276,9 @@ class ArrayParser : public Resolver {
 
 class EnumSkipper : public Resolver {
 public:
-    EnumSkipper(ResolverFactory &factory, const NodePtr &writer) : Resolver() {}
+    EnumSkipper(ResolverFactory &, const NodePtr &) : Resolver() {}
 
-    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
+    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *) const final {
         int64_t val = reader.readEnum();
         DEBUG_OUT("Skipping enum" << val);
     }
@@ -290,9 +290,9 @@ class EnumParser : public Resolver {
         VAL
     };
 
-    EnumParser(ResolverFactory &factory, const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader, const CompoundLayout &offsets) : Resolver(),
-                                                                                                                        offset_(offsets.at(0).offset()),
-                                                                                                                        readerSize_(reader->names()) {
+    EnumParser(ResolverFactory &, const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader, const CompoundLayout &offsets) : Resolver(),
+                                                                                                                 offset_(offsets.at(0).offset()),
+                                                                                                                 readerSize_(reader->names()) {
         const size_t writerSize = writer->names();
 
         mapping_.reserve(writerSize);
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class EnumParser : public Resolver {
 
     void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
         auto val = static_cast<size_t>(reader.readEnum());
-        assert(static_cast<size_t>(val) < mapping_.size());
+        assert(val < mapping_.size());
 
         if (mapping_[val] < readerSize_) {
             auto *location = reinterpret_cast<EnumRepresentation *>(address + offset_);
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class UnionParser : public Resolver {
 
         *readerChoice = choiceMapping_[writerChoice];
         auto *setter = reinterpret_cast<GenericUnionSetter *>(address + setFuncOffset_);
-        auto *value = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(address + offset_);
+        uint8_t *value = address + offset_;
         uint8_t *location = (*setter)(value, *readerChoice);
 
         resolvers_[writerChoice]->parse(reader, location);
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ class NonUnionToUnionParser : public Resolver {
         auto *choice = reinterpret_cast<int64_t *>(address + choiceOffset_);
         *choice = choice_;
         auto *setter = reinterpret_cast<GenericUnionSetter *>(address + setFuncOffset_);
-        auto *value = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(address + offset_);
+        uint8_t *value = address + offset_;
         uint8_t *location = (*setter)(value, choice_);
 
         resolver_->parse(reader, location);
@@ -413,35 +413,35 @@ class NonUnionToUnionParser : public Resolver {
 
 class FixedSkipper : public Resolver {
 public:
-    FixedSkipper(ResolverFactory &factory, const NodePtr &writer) : Resolver() {
+    FixedSkipper(ResolverFactory &, const NodePtr &writer) : Resolver() {
         size_ = writer->fixedSize();
     }
 
-    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
+    void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *) const final {
         DEBUG_OUT("Skipping fixed");
         std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> val(new uint8_t[size_]);
         reader.readFixed(&val[0], size_);
     }
 
 protected:
-    int size_;
+    size_t size_;
 };
 
 class FixedParser : public Resolver {
 public:
-    FixedParser(ResolverFactory &factory, const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader, const CompoundLayout &offsets) : Resolver() {
+    FixedParser(ResolverFactory &, const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &, const CompoundLayout &offsets) : Resolver() {
         size_ = writer->fixedSize();
         offset_ = offsets.at(0).offset();
     }
 
     void parse(Reader &reader, uint8_t *address) const final {
         DEBUG_OUT("Reading fixed");
-        auto *location = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(address + offset_);
+        uint8_t *location = address + offset_;
         reader.readFixed(location, size_);
     }
 
 protected:
-    int size_;
+    size_t size_;
     size_t offset_;
 };
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class ResolverFactory : private boost::noncopyable {
 
     template<typename T>
     unique_ptr<Resolver>
-    constructPrimitiveSkipper(const NodePtr &writer) {
+    constructPrimitiveSkipper(const NodePtr &) {
         return unique_ptr<Resolver>(new PrimitiveSkipper<T>());
     }
 
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ NonUnionToUnionParser::NonUnionToUnionParser(ResolverFactory &factory,
                                              const NodePtr &writer,
                                              const NodePtr &reader,
                                              const CompoundLayout &offsets) : Resolver(),
-                                                                              offset_(offsets.offset()),
                                                                               choice_(0),
+                                                                              offset_(offsets.offset()),
                                                                               choiceOffset_(offsets.at(0).offset()),
                                                                               setFuncOffset_(offsets.at(1).offset()) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Schema.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Schema.cc
index 42245292e67..8f42b850a09 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Schema.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Schema.cc
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
 #include "Schema.hh"
 
 namespace avro {
@@ -27,11 +28,18 @@ RecordSchema::RecordSchema(const std::string &name) : Schema(new NodeRecord) {
 }
 
 void RecordSchema::addField(const std::string &name, const Schema &fieldSchema) {
+    const CustomAttributes emptyCustomAttribute;
+    addField(name, fieldSchema, emptyCustomAttribute);
+}
+
+void RecordSchema::addField(const std::string &name, const Schema &fieldSchema, const CustomAttributes &customFields) {
     // add the name first. it will throw if the name is a duplicate, preventing
     // the leaf from being added
     node_->addName(name);
 
     node_->addLeaf(fieldSchema.root());
+
+    node_->addCustomAttributesForField(customFields);
 }
 
 std::string RecordSchema::getDoc() const {
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Stream.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Stream.cc
index 63a8b4e8fc5..738b1e40520 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Stream.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Stream.cc
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class MemoryInputStream2 : public InputStream {
     }
 };
 
-class MemoryOutputStream : public OutputStream {
+class MemoryOutputStream final : public OutputStream {
 public:
     const size_t chunkSize_;
     std::vector<uint8_t *> data_;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class MemoryOutputStream : public OutputStream {
     ~MemoryOutputStream() final {
         for (std::vector<uint8_t *>::const_iterator it = data_.begin();
              it != data_.end(); ++it) {
-            delete[] * it;
+            delete[] *it;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/ValidSchema.cc b/lang/c++/impl/ValidSchema.cc
index 63a3bbee919..d99d7e24198 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/ValidSchema.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/ValidSchema.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <boost/format.hpp>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@
 #include "Schema.hh"
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
 
-using boost::format;
 using std::make_pair;
 using std::ostringstream;
 using std::shared_ptr;
@@ -37,8 +35,7 @@ using SymbolMap = std::map<Name, NodePtr>;
 
 static bool validate(const NodePtr &node, SymbolMap &symbolMap) {
     if (!node->isValid()) {
-        throw Exception(format("Schema is invalid, due to bad node of type %1%")
-                        % node->type());
+        throw Exception("Schema is invalid, due to bad node of type {}", node->type());
     }
 
     if (node->hasName()) {
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ static bool validate(const NodePtr &node, SymbolMap &symbolMap) {
 
         if (node->type() == AVRO_SYMBOLIC) {
             if (!found) {
-                throw Exception(format("Symbolic name \"%1%\" is unknown") % node->name());
+                throw Exception("Symbolic name \"{}\" is unknown", node->name());
             }
 
             shared_ptr<NodeSymbolic> symNode =
@@ -69,8 +66,8 @@ static bool validate(const NodePtr &node, SymbolMap &symbolMap) {
     }
 
     node->lock();
-    auto leaves = node->leaves();
-    for (auto i = 0; i < leaves; ++i) {
+    size_t leaves = node->leaves();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < leaves; ++i) {
         const NodePtr &leaf(node->leafAt(i));
 
         if (!validate(leaf, symbolMap)) {
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Validator.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Validator.cc
index 0e5fd8bedad..c00460480b1 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Validator.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Validator.cc
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ bool Validator::countingSetup() {
             compoundStack_.pop_back();
             proceed = false;
         } else {
-            counters_.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(count_));
+            counters_.push_back(count_);
         }
     }
 
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ bool Validator::countingSetup() {
 
 void Validator::countingAdvance() {
     if (countingSetup()) {
-        auto index = (compoundStack_.back().pos)++;
+        size_t index = (compoundStack_.back().pos)++;
         const NodePtr &node = compoundStack_.back().node;
 
         if (index < node->leaves()) {
             setupOperation(node->leafAt(index));
         } else {
             compoundStack_.back().pos = 0;
-            int count = --counters_.back();
+            size_t count = --counters_.back();
             if (count == 0) {
                 counters_.pop_back();
                 compoundStarted_ = true;
@@ -100,14 +100,13 @@ void Validator::unionAdvance() {
         waitingForCount_ = false;
         NodePtr node = compoundStack_.back().node;
 
-        if (count_ < static_cast<int64_t>(node->leaves())) {
+        if (count_ < node->leaves()) {
             compoundStack_.pop_back();
             setupOperation(node->leafAt(static_cast<int>(count_)));
         } else {
             throw Exception(
-                boost::format("Union selection out of range, got %1%,"
-                              " expecting 0-%2%")
-                % count_ % (node->leaves() - 1));
+                "Union selection out of range, got {}, expecting 0-{}",
+                count_, node->leaves() - 1);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ void Validator::fixedAdvance() {
     compoundStack_.pop_back();
 }
 
-int Validator::nextSizeExpected() const {
+size_t Validator::nextSizeExpected() const {
     return compoundStack_.back().node->fixedSize();
 }
 
@@ -169,11 +168,9 @@ void Validator::advance() {
     }
 }
 
-void Validator::setCount(int64_t count) {
+void Validator::setCount(size_t count) {
     if (!waitingForCount_) {
         throw Exception("Not expecting count");
-    } else if (count_ < 0) {
-        throw Exception("Count cannot be negative");
     }
     count_ = count;
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/Zigzag.cc b/lang/c++/impl/Zigzag.cc
index 538a89cbaa7..7875f789bd2 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/Zigzag.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/Zigzag.cc
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ encodeInt64(int64_t input, std::array<uint8_t, 10> &output) noexcept {
     auto v = val & mask;
     size_t bytesOut = 0;
     while (val >>= 7) {
-        output[bytesOut++] = (v | 0x80);
+        output[bytesOut++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(v | 0x80);
         v = val & mask;
     }
 
-    output[bytesOut++] = v;
+    output[bytesOut++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(v);
     return bytesOut;
 }
 size_t
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ encodeInt32(int32_t input, std::array<uint8_t, 5> &output) noexcept {
     auto v = val & mask;
     size_t bytesOut = 0;
     while (val >>= 7) {
-        output[bytesOut++] = (v | 0x80);
+        output[bytesOut++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(v | 0x80);
         v = val & mask;
     }
 
-    output[bytesOut++] = v;
+    output[bytesOut++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(v);
     return bytesOut;
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/avrogencpp.cc b/lang/c++/impl/avrogencpp.cc
index 0b6b35a2f23..39da7af3539 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/avrogencpp.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/avrogencpp.cc
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 #include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include <boost/algorithm/string_regex.hpp>
-
 #include "Compiler.hh"
 #include "NodeImpl.hh"
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
@@ -53,12 +51,6 @@ using boost::lexical_cast;
 using avro::compileJsonSchema;
 using avro::ValidSchema;
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-#define ANY_NS "std"
-#else
-#define ANY_NS "boost"
-#endif
-
 struct PendingSetterGetter {
     string structName;
     string type;
@@ -108,6 +100,7 @@ class CodeGen {
     void generateRecordTraits(const NodePtr &n);
     void generateUnionTraits(const NodePtr &n);
     void emitCopyright();
+    void emitGeneratedWarning();
 
 public:
     CodeGen(std::ostream &os, std::string ns,
@@ -117,7 +110,9 @@ class CodeGen {
                                                        schemaFile_(std::move(schemaFile)), headerFile_(std::move(headerFile)),
                                                        includePrefix_(std::move(includePrefix)), noUnion_(noUnion),
                                                        guardString_(std::move(guardString)),
-                                                       random_(static_cast<uint32_t>(::time(nullptr))) {}
+                                                       random_(static_cast<uint32_t>(::time(nullptr))) {
+    }
+
     void generate(const ValidSchema &schema);
 };
 
@@ -125,7 +120,7 @@ static string decorate(const std::string &name) {
     static const char *cppReservedWords[] = {
         "alignas", "alignof", "and", "and_eq", "asm", "auto", "bitand", "bitor", "bool", "break",
         "case", "catch", "char", "char8_t", "char16_t", "char32_t", "class", "compl", "concept",
-        "const", "consteval", "constexpr", "const_cast", "continue", "co_await", "co_return",
+        "const", "consteval", "constexpr", "constinit", "const_cast", "continue", "co_await", "co_return",
         "co_yield", "decltype", "default", "delete", "do", "double", "dynamic_cast", "else",
         "enum", "explicit", "export", "extern", "false", "float", "for", "friend", "goto", "if",
         "import", "inline", "int", "long", "module", "mutable", "namespace", "new", "noexcept", "not",
@@ -250,6 +245,11 @@ string CodeGen::generateRecordType(const NodePtr &n) {
             if (n->leafAt(i)->type() == avro::AVRO_UNION) {
                 os_ << "    typedef " << types[i]
                     << ' ' << n->nameAt(i) << "_t;\n";
+                types[i] = n->nameAt(i) + "_t";
+            }
+            if (n->leafAt(i)->type() == avro::AVRO_ARRAY && n->leafAt(i)->leafAt(0)->type() == avro::AVRO_UNION) {
+                os_ << "    typedef " << types[i] << "::value_type"
+                    << ' ' << n->nameAt(i) << "_item_t;\n";
             }
         }
     }
@@ -257,11 +257,7 @@ string CodeGen::generateRecordType(const NodePtr &n) {
         // the nameAt(i) does not take c++ reserved words into account
         // so we need to call decorate on it
         std::string decoratedNameAt = decorate(n->nameAt(i));
-        if (!noUnion_ && n->leafAt(i)->type() == avro::AVRO_UNION) {
-            os_ << "    " << decoratedNameAt << "_t";
-        } else {
-            os_ << "    " << types[i];
-        }
+        os_ << "    " << types[i];
         os_ << ' ' << decoratedNameAt << ";\n";
     }
 
@@ -275,13 +271,7 @@ string CodeGen::generateRecordType(const NodePtr &n) {
         // so we need to call decorate on it
         std::string decoratedNameAt = decorate(n->nameAt(i));
         os_ << "        " << decoratedNameAt << "(";
-        if (!noUnion_ && n->leafAt(i)->type() == avro::AVRO_UNION) {
-            // the nameAt(i) does not take c++ reserved words into account
-            // so we need to call decorate on it
-            os_ << decoratedNameAt << "_t";
-        } else {
-            os_ << types[i];
-        }
+        os_ << types[i];
         os_ << "())";
         if (i != (c - 1)) {
             os_ << ',';
@@ -326,9 +316,9 @@ static void generateGetterAndSetter(ostream &os,
     os << type << sn << "get_" << name << "() const {\n"
        << "    if (idx_ != " << idx << ") {\n"
        << "        throw avro::Exception(\"Invalid type for "
-       << "union\");\n"
+       << "union " << structName << "\");\n"
        << "    }\n"
-       << "    return " << ANY_NS << "::any_cast<" << type << " >(value_);\n"
+       << "    return std::any_cast<" << type << " >(value_);\n"
        << "}\n\n";
 
     os << "inline\n"
@@ -385,7 +375,7 @@ string CodeGen::generateUnionType(const NodePtr &n) {
     os_ << "struct " << result << " {\n"
         << "private:\n"
         << "    size_t idx_;\n"
-        << "    " << ANY_NS << "::any value_;\n"
+        << "    std::any value_;\n"
         << "public:\n"
         << "    size_t idx() const { return idx_; }\n";
 
@@ -397,7 +387,7 @@ string CodeGen::generateUnionType(const NodePtr &n) {
                 << "    }\n"
                 << "    void set_null() {\n"
                 << "        idx_ = " << i << ";\n"
-                << "        value_ = " << ANY_NS << "::any();\n"
+                << "        value_ = std::any();\n"
                 << "    }\n";
         } else {
             const string &type = types[i];
@@ -551,8 +541,22 @@ void CodeGen::generateRecordTraits(const NodePtr &n) {
     }
 
     string fn = fullname(decorate(n->name()));
-    os_ << "template<> struct codec_traits<" << fn << "> {\n"
-        << "    static void encode(Encoder& e, const " << fn << "& v) {\n";
+    os_ << "template<> struct codec_traits<" << fn << "> {\n";
+
+    if (c == 0) {
+        os_ << "    static void encode(Encoder&, const " << fn << "&) {}\n";
+        // ResolvingDecoder::fieldOrder mutates the state of the decoder, so if that decoder is
+        // passed in, we need to call the method even though it will return an empty vector.
+        os_ << "    static void decode(Decoder& d, " << fn << "&) {\n";
+        os_ << "        if (avro::ResolvingDecoder *rd = dynamic_cast<avro::ResolvingDecoder *>(&d)) {\n";
+        os_ << "            rd->fieldOrder();\n";
+        os_ << "        }\n";
+        os_ << "    }\n";
+        os_ << "};\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    os_ << "    static void encode(Encoder& e, const " << fn << "& v) {\n";
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < c; ++i) {
         // the nameAt(i) does not take c++ reserved words into account
@@ -702,17 +706,22 @@ void CodeGen::emitCopyright() {
            " * See the License for the specific language governing "
            "permissions and\n"
            " * limitations under the License.\n"
-           " */\n\n\n";
+           " */\n\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGen::emitGeneratedWarning() {
+    os_ << "/* This code was generated by avrogencpp " << AVRO_VERSION << ". Do not edit.*/\n\n";
 }
 
 string CodeGen::guard() {
     string h = headerFile_;
     makeCanonical(h, true);
-    return h + "_" + lexical_cast<string>(random_()) + "__H_";
+    return h + "_" + lexical_cast<string>(random_()) + "_H";
 }
 
 void CodeGen::generate(const ValidSchema &schema) {
     emitCopyright();
+    emitGeneratedWarning();
 
     string h = guardString_.empty() ? guard() : guardString_;
 
@@ -720,24 +729,14 @@ void CodeGen::generate(const ValidSchema &schema) {
     os_ << "#define " << h << "\n\n\n";
 
     os_ << "#include <sstream>\n"
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
         << "#include <any>\n"
-#else
-        << "#include \"boost/any.hpp\"\n"
-#endif
         << "#include \"" << includePrefix_ << "Specific.hh\"\n"
         << "#include \"" << includePrefix_ << "Encoder.hh\"\n"
         << "#include \"" << includePrefix_ << "Decoder.hh\"\n"
         << "\n";
 
-    vector<string> nsVector;
     if (!ns_.empty()) {
-        boost::algorithm::split_regex(nsVector, ns_, boost::regex("::"));
-        for (vector<string>::const_iterator it =
-                 nsVector.begin();
-             it != nsVector.end(); ++it) {
-            os_ << "namespace " << *it << " {\n";
-        }
+        os_ << "namespace " << ns_ << " {\n";
         inNamespace_ = true;
     }
 
@@ -760,11 +759,7 @@ void CodeGen::generate(const ValidSchema &schema) {
 
     if (!ns_.empty()) {
         inNamespace_ = false;
-        for (vector<string>::const_iterator it =
-                 nsVector.begin();
-             it != nsVector.end(); ++it) {
-            os_ << "}\n";
-        }
+        os_ << "}\n";
     }
 
     os_ << "namespace avro {\n";
@@ -810,14 +805,32 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     const string NO_UNION_TYPEDEF("no-union-typedef");
 
     po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
-    desc.add_options()("help,h", "produce help message")("include-prefix,p", po::value<string>()->default_value("avro"),
-                                                         "prefix for include headers, - for none, default: avro")("no-union-typedef,U", "do not generate typedefs for unions in records")("namespace,n", po::value<string>(), "set namespace for generated code")("input,i", po::value<string>(), "input file")("output,o", po::value<string>(), "output file to generate");
+    // clang-format off
+    desc.add_options()
+        ("help,h", "produce help message")
+        ("version,V", "produce version information")
+        ("include-prefix,p", po::value<string>()->default_value("avro"), "prefix for include headers, - for none, default: avro")
+        ("no-union-typedef,U", "do not generate typedefs for unions in records")
+        ("namespace,n", po::value<string>(), "set namespace for generated code")
+        ("input,i", po::value<string>(), "input file")
+        ("output,o", po::value<string>(), "output file to generate");
+    // clang-format on
 
     po::variables_map vm;
     po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, desc), vm);
     po::notify(vm);
 
-    if (vm.count("help") || vm.count(IN_FILE) == 0 || vm.count(OUT_FILE) == 0) {
+    if (vm.count("help")) {
+        std::cout << desc << std::endl;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (vm.count("version")) {
+        std::cout << AVRO_VERSION << std::endl;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (vm.count(IN_FILE) == 0 || vm.count(OUT_FILE) == 0) {
         std::cout << desc << std::endl;
         return 1;
     }
@@ -827,6 +840,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     string inf = vm.count(IN_FILE) > 0 ? vm[IN_FILE].as<string>() : string();
     string incPrefix = vm[INCLUDE_PREFIX].as<string>();
     bool noUnion = vm.count(NO_UNION_TYPEDEF) != 0;
+
     if (incPrefix == "-") {
         incPrefix.clear();
     } else if (*incPrefix.rbegin() != '/') {
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.cc b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.cc
index 5bffda2559c..c2696d827ad 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.cc
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 #include "JsonIO.hh"
 #include "Stream.hh"
 
-using boost::format;
-using std::string;
-
 namespace avro {
 namespace json {
 const char *typeToString(EntityType t) {
@@ -142,8 +139,7 @@ void writeEntity(JsonGenerator<JsonNullFormatter> &g, const Entity &n) {
 
 void Entity::ensureType(EntityType type) const {
     if (type_ != type) {
-        format msg = format("Invalid type. Expected \"%1%\" actual %2%") % typeToString(type) % typeToString(type_);
-        throw Exception(msg);
+        throw Exception("Invalid type. Expected \"{}\" actual {}", typeToString(type), typeToString(type_));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.hh b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.hh
index 3fb5670b70b..2a0695adff6 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonDom.hh
@@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ public:
     explicit Entity(size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Null), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(Bool v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Bool), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(Bool v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Bool), value_(v), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(Long v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Long), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(Long v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Long), value_(v), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(Double v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Double), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(Double v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Double), value_(v), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(const std::shared_ptr<String> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::String), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(const std::shared_ptr<String> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::String), value_(v), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(const std::shared_ptr<Array> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Arr), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(const std::shared_ptr<Array> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Arr), value_(v), line_(line) {}
     // Not explicit because do want implicit conversion
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    Entity(const std::shared_ptr<Object> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Obj), value_(v), line_(line) {}
+    explicit Entity(const std::shared_ptr<Object> &v, size_t line = 0) : type_(EntityType::Obj), value_(v), line_(line) {}
 
     EntityType type() const { return type_; }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.cc b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.cc
index 62549484a92..8273f392e88 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.cc
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ void JsonParser::expectToken(Token tk) {
             if (cur() == Token::String
                 && (sv == "Infinity" || sv == "-Infinity" || sv == "NaN")) {
                 curToken = Token::Double;
-                dv = sv == "Infinity" ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : sv == "-Infinity" ? -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+                dv = sv == "Infinity" ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : sv == "-Infinity" ? -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
+                                                                                                    : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
                 return;
             } else if (cur() == Token::Long) {
                 dv = double(lv);
@@ -146,7 +147,8 @@ JsonParser::Token JsonParser::tryNumber(char ch) {
     sv.push_back(ch);
 
     hasNext = false;
-    int state = (ch == '-') ? 0 : (ch == '0') ? 1 : 2;
+    int state = (ch == '-') ? 0 : (ch == '0') ? 1
+                                              : 2;
     for (;;) {
         switch (state) {
             case 0:
@@ -314,12 +316,40 @@ JsonParser::Token JsonParser::tryString() {
     }
 }
 
+// Decode the given string and return contents as UTF8-encoded bytes.
+// The input does not have the enclosing double-quotes.
 string JsonParser::decodeString(const string &s, bool binary) {
     string result;
-    for (string::const_iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); ++it) {
-        char ch = *it;
+    auto it = s.cbegin();
+    const auto end = s.cend();
+    const auto readNextByte = [&]() -> char {
+        if (it == end) {
+            throw Exception("Unexpected EOF");
+        }
+        return *it++;
+    };
+    const auto unicodeParse = [&]() {
+        uint32_t n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            auto c = readNextByte();
+            n *= 16;
+            if (isdigit(c)) {
+                n += c - '0';
+            } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
+                n += c - 'a' + 10;
+            } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
+                n += c - 'A' + 10;
+            } else {
+                throw Exception("Invalid hex character: {}", c);
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    };
+    while (it != end) {
+        string::const_iterator startSeq = it;
+        char ch = readNextByte();
         if (ch == '\\') {
-            ch = *++it;
+            ch = readNextByte();
             switch (ch) {
                 case '"':
                 case '\\':
@@ -343,48 +373,48 @@ string JsonParser::decodeString(const string &s, bool binary) {
                     continue;
                 case 'u':
                 case 'U': {
-                    uint32_t n = 0;
-                    char e[4];
-                    for (char &i : e) {
-                        n *= 16;
-                        char c = *++it;
-                        i = c;
-                        if (isdigit(c)) {
-                            n += c - '0';
-                        } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
-                            n += c - 'a' + 10;
-                        } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
-                            n += c - 'A' + 10;
-                        }
-                    }
+                    uint32_t n = unicodeParse();
                     if (binary) {
                         if (n > 0xff) {
-                            throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                                "Invalid byte for binary: %1%%2%")
-                                            % ch % string(e, 4));
+                            throw Exception("Invalid byte for binary: {}{}", ch, string(startSeq, ++it));
                         } else {
-                            result.push_back(n);
+                            result.push_back(static_cast<char>(n));
                             continue;
                         }
                     }
+                    if (n >= 0xd800 && n < 0xdc00) {
+                        ch = readNextByte();
+                        if (ch != '\\') {
+                            throw Exception("Invalid unicode sequence: {}", string(startSeq, it));
+                        }
+                        ch = readNextByte();
+                        if (ch != 'u' && ch != 'U') {
+                            throw Exception("Invalid unicode sequence: {}", string(startSeq, it));
+                        }
+                        uint32_t m = unicodeParse();
+                        if (m < 0xdc00 || m > 0xdfff) {
+                            throw Exception("Invalid unicode sequence: {}", string(startSeq, it));
+                        }
+                        n = 0x10000 + (((n - 0xd800) << 10) | (m - 0xdc00));
+                    } else if (n >= 0xdc00 && n < 0xdfff) {
+                        throw Exception("Invalid unicode sequence: {}", string(startSeq, it));
+                    }
                     if (n < 0x80) {
-                        result.push_back(n);
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(n));
                     } else if (n < 0x800) {
-                        result.push_back((n >> 6) | 0xc0);
-                        result.push_back((n & 0x3f) | 0x80);
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n >> 6) | 0xc0));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n & 0x3f) | 0x80));
                     } else if (n < 0x10000) {
-                        result.push_back((n >> 12) | 0xe0);
-                        result.push_back(((n >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
-                        result.push_back((n & 0x3f) | 0x80);
-                    } else if (n < 110000) {
-                        result.push_back((n >> 18) | 0xf0);
-                        result.push_back(((n >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
-                        result.push_back(((n >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80);
-                        result.push_back((n & 0x3f) | 0x80);
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n >> 12) | 0xe0));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(((n >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n & 0x3f) | 0x80));
+                    } else if (n < 0x110000) {
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n >> 18) | 0xf0));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(((n >> 12) & 0x3f) | 0x80));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(((n >> 6) & 0x3f) | 0x80));
+                        result.push_back(static_cast<char>((n & 0x3f) | 0x80));
                     } else {
-                        throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                            "Invalid unicode value: %1%i%2%")
-                                        % ch % string(e, 4));
+                        throw Exception("Invalid unicode value: {}{}", n, string(startSeq, ++it));
                     }
                 }
                     continue;
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.hh b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.hh
index 94889e5d010..203bf895fd5 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/json/JsonIO.hh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace avro {
 namespace json {
 
 inline char toHex(unsigned int n) {
-    return (n < 10) ? (n + '0') : (n + 'a' - 10);
+    return static_cast<char>((n < 10) ? (n + '0') : (n + 'a' - 10));
 }
 
 class AVRO_DECL JsonParser : boost::noncopyable {
@@ -263,11 +263,22 @@ class AVRO_DECL JsonGenerator {
         out_.write(toHex((static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) % 16));
     }
 
-    void escapeUnicode(uint32_t c) {
+    void escapeUnicode16(uint32_t c) {
         out_.write('\\');
         out_.write('u');
-        writeHex((c >> 8) & 0xff);
-        writeHex(c & 0xff);
+        writeHex(static_cast<char>((c >> 8) & 0xff));
+        writeHex(static_cast<char>(c & 0xff));
+    }
+    void escapeUnicode(uint32_t c) {
+        if (c < 0x10000) {
+            escapeUnicode16(c);
+        } else if (c < 0x110000) {
+            c -= 0x10000;
+            escapeUnicode16(((c >> 10) & 0x3ff) | 0xd800);
+            escapeUnicode16((c & 0x3ff) | 0xdc00);
+        } else {
+            throw Exception("Invalid code-point: {}", c);
+        }
     }
     void doEncodeString(const char *b, size_t len, bool binary) {
         const char *e = b + len;
@@ -310,7 +321,6 @@ class AVRO_DECL JsonGenerator {
                 switch (*p) {
                     case '\\':
                     case '"':
-                    case '/':
                         escape(*p, b, p);
                         break;
                     case '\b':
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/JsonCodec.cc b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/JsonCodec.cc
index 4fd04816069..84b366606f9 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/JsonCodec.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/JsonCodec.cc
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ class JsonDecoderHandler {
             case Symbol::Kind::Field:
                 expectToken(in_, JsonParser::Token::String);
                 if (s.extra<string>() != in_.stringValue()) {
-                    throw Exception(boost::format("Incorrect field: expected \"%1%\" but got \"%2%\".") % 
-                        s.extra<string>() % in_.stringValue());
+                    throw Exception(R"(Incorrect field: expected "{}" but got "{}".)", s.extra<string>(), in_.stringValue());
                 }
                 break;
             default:
@@ -241,8 +240,7 @@ int32_t JsonDecoder<P>::decodeInt() {
     expect(JsonParser::Token::Long);
     int64_t result = in_.longValue();
     if (result < INT32_MIN || result > INT32_MAX) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("Value out of range for Avro int: %1%")
-                        % result);
+        throw Exception("Value out of range for Avro int: {}", result);
     }
     return static_cast<int32_t>(result);
 }
@@ -496,6 +494,7 @@ class JsonEncoder : public Encoder {
 template<typename P, typename F>
 void JsonEncoder<P, F>::init(OutputStream &os) {
     out_.init(os);
+    parser_.reset();
 }
 
 template<typename P, typename F>
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ResolvingDecoder.cc b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ResolvingDecoder.cc
index d86f6e58293..1553b8a4b62 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ResolvingDecoder.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ResolvingDecoder.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -38,17 +40,14 @@ using std::make_shared;
 
 namespace parsing {
 
-using std::make_shared;
 using std::shared_ptr;
 using std::static_pointer_cast;
 
-using std::find_if;
-using std::istringstream;
 using std::make_pair;
 using std::map;
-using std::ostringstream;
 using std::pair;
 using std::reverse;
+using std::set;
 using std::stack;
 using std::string;
 using std::unique_ptr;
@@ -67,16 +66,7 @@ class ResolvingGrammarGenerator : public ValidatingGrammarGenerator {
                                const NodePtr &reader, map<NodePair, ProductionPtr> &m,
                                map<NodePtr, ProductionPtr> &m2);
 
-    static vector<pair<string, size_t>> fields(const NodePtr &n) {
-        vector<pair<string, size_t>> result;
-        size_t c = n->names();
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < c; ++i) {
-            result.emplace_back(n->nameAt(i), i);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    static int bestBranch(const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader);
+    static std::optional<size_t> bestBranch(const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader);
 
     ProductionPtr getWriterProduction(const NodePtr &n,
                                       map<NodePtr, ProductionPtr> &m2);
@@ -101,8 +91,8 @@ Symbol ResolvingGrammarGenerator::generate(
     return Symbol::rootSymbol(main, backup);
 }
 
-int ResolvingGrammarGenerator::bestBranch(const NodePtr &writer,
-                                          const NodePtr &reader) {
+std::optional<size_t> ResolvingGrammarGenerator::bestBranch(const NodePtr &writer,
+                                                            const NodePtr &reader) {
     Type t = writer->type();
 
     const size_t c = reader->leaves();
@@ -141,7 +131,7 @@ int ResolvingGrammarGenerator::bestBranch(const NodePtr &writer,
                 break;
         }
     }
-    return -1;
+    return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 static shared_ptr<vector<uint8_t>> getAvroBinary(
@@ -154,15 +144,6 @@ static shared_ptr<vector<uint8_t>> getAvroBinary(
     return snapshot(*os);
 }
 
-template<typename T1, typename T2>
-struct equalsFirst {
-    const T1 &v_;
-    explicit equalsFirst(const T1 &v) : v_(v) {}
-    bool operator()(const pair<T1, T2> &p) {
-        return p.first == v_;
-    }
-};
-
 ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::getWriterProduction(
     const NodePtr &n, map<NodePtr, ProductionPtr> &m2) {
     const NodePtr &nn = (n->type() == AVRO_SYMBOLIC) ? static_cast<const NodeSymbolic &>(*n).getNode() : n;
@@ -182,10 +163,18 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::resolveRecords(
     map<NodePtr, ProductionPtr> &m2) {
     ProductionPtr result = make_shared<Production>();
 
-    vector<pair<string, size_t>> wf = fields(writer);
-    vector<pair<string, size_t>> rf = fields(reader);
+    vector<string> wf(writer->names());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < wf.size(); ++i) {
+        wf[i] = writer->nameAt(i);
+    }
+
+    set<size_t> rf;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < reader->names(); ++i) {
+        rf.emplace(i);
+    }
+
     vector<size_t> fieldOrder;
-    fieldOrder.reserve(reader->names());
+    fieldOrder.reserve(rf.size());
 
     /*
      * We look for all writer fields in the reader. If found, recursively
@@ -193,19 +182,15 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::resolveRecords(
      * If no matching field is found for reader, arrange to skip the writer
      * field.
      */
-    for (vector<pair<string, size_t>>::const_iterator it = wf.begin();
-         it != wf.end(); ++it) {
-        auto it2 = find_if(rf.begin(), rf.end(),
-                           equalsFirst<string, size_t>(it->first));
-        if (it2 != rf.end()) {
-            ProductionPtr p = doGenerate2(writer->leafAt(it->second),
-                                          reader->leafAt(it2->second), m, m2);
+    for (size_t wi = 0; wi != wf.size(); ++wi) {
+        size_t ri;
+        if (reader->nameIndex(wf[wi], ri)) {
+            ProductionPtr p = doGenerate2(writer->leafAt(wi), reader->leafAt(ri), m, m2);
             copy(p->rbegin(), p->rend(), back_inserter(*result));
-            fieldOrder.push_back(it2->second);
-            rf.erase(it2);
+            fieldOrder.push_back(ri);
+            rf.erase(ri);
         } else {
-            ProductionPtr p = getWriterProduction(
-                writer->leafAt(it->second), m2);
+            ProductionPtr p = getWriterProduction(writer->leafAt(wi), m2);
             result->push_back(Symbol::skipStart());
             if (p->size() == 1) {
                 result->push_back((*p)[0]);
@@ -216,24 +201,21 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::resolveRecords(
     }
 
     /*
-     * Examine the reader fields left out, (i.e. those didn't have corresponding
+     * Examine the reader fields left out (i.e. those didn't have corresponding
      * writer field).
      */
-    for (vector<pair<string, size_t>>::const_iterator it = rf.begin();
-         it != rf.end(); ++it) {
-
-        NodePtr s = reader->leafAt(it->second);
-        fieldOrder.push_back(it->second);
+    for (const auto ri : rf) {
+        NodePtr s = reader->leafAt(ri);
+        fieldOrder.push_back(ri);
 
         if (s->type() == AVRO_SYMBOLIC) {
             s = resolveSymbol(s);
         }
         shared_ptr<vector<uint8_t>> defaultBinary =
-            getAvroBinary(reader->defaultValueAt(it->second));
+            getAvroBinary(reader->defaultValueAt(ri));
         result->push_back(Symbol::defaultStartAction(defaultBinary));
-        map<NodePair, shared_ptr<Production>>::const_iterator it2 =
-            m.find(NodePair(s, s));
-        ProductionPtr p = (it2 == m.end()) ? doGenerate2(s, s, m, m2) : it2->second;
+        auto it = m.find(NodePair(s, s));
+        ProductionPtr p = it == m.end() ? doGenerate2(s, s, m, m2) : it->second;
         copy(p->rbegin(), p->rend(), back_inserter(*result));
         result->push_back(Symbol::defaultEndAction());
     }
@@ -289,7 +271,7 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::doGenerate2(
             case AVRO_BYTES:
                 return make_shared<Production>(1, Symbol::bytesSymbol());
             case AVRO_FIXED:
-                if (writer->name() == reader->name() && writer->fixedSize() == reader->fixedSize()) {
+                if (writer->name().equalOrAliasedBy(reader->name()) && writer->fixedSize() == reader->fixedSize()) {
                     ProductionPtr result = make_shared<Production>();
                     result->push_back(Symbol::sizeCheckSymbol(reader->fixedSize()));
                     result->push_back(Symbol::fixedSymbol());
@@ -298,7 +280,7 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::doGenerate2(
                 }
                 break;
             case AVRO_RECORD:
-                if (writer->name() == reader->name()) {
+                if (writer->name().equalOrAliasedBy(reader->name())) {
                     const pair<NodePtr, NodePtr> key(writer, reader);
                     map<NodePair, ProductionPtr>::const_iterator kp = m.find(key);
                     if (kp != m.end()) {
@@ -312,7 +294,7 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::doGenerate2(
                 break;
 
             case AVRO_ENUM:
-                if (writer->name() == reader->name()) {
+                if (writer->name().equalOrAliasedBy(reader->name())) {
                     ProductionPtr result = make_shared<Production>();
                     result->push_back(Symbol::enumAdjustSymbol(writer, reader));
                     result->push_back(Symbol::enumSymbol());
@@ -385,16 +367,18 @@ ProductionPtr ResolvingGrammarGenerator::doGenerate2(
                 if (writerType == AVRO_INT || writerType == AVRO_LONG
                     || writerType == AVRO_FLOAT) {
                     return make_shared<Production>(1,
-                                                   Symbol::resolveSymbol(writerType == AVRO_INT ? Symbol::Kind::Int : writerType == AVRO_LONG ? Symbol::Kind::Long : Symbol::Kind::Float, Symbol::Kind::Double));
+                                                   Symbol::resolveSymbol(writerType == AVRO_INT ? Symbol::Kind::Int : writerType == AVRO_LONG ? Symbol::Kind::Long
+                                                                                                                                              : Symbol::Kind::Float,
+                                                                         Symbol::Kind::Double));
                 }
                 break;
 
             case AVRO_UNION: {
-                int j = bestBranch(writer, reader);
-                if (j >= 0) {
-                    ProductionPtr p = doGenerate2(writer, reader->leafAt(j), m, m2);
+                auto j = bestBranch(writer, reader);
+                if (j) {
+                    ProductionPtr p = doGenerate2(writer, reader->leafAt(*j), m, m2);
                     ProductionPtr result = make_shared<Production>();
-                    result->push_back(Symbol::unionAdjustSymbol(j, p));
+                    result->push_back(Symbol::unionAdjustSymbol(*j, p));
                     result->push_back(Symbol::unionSymbol());
                     return result;
                 }
@@ -530,13 +514,18 @@ int64_t ResolvingDecoderImpl<P>::decodeLong() {
 template<typename P>
 float ResolvingDecoderImpl<P>::decodeFloat() {
     Symbol::Kind k = parser_.advance(Symbol::Kind::Float);
-    return k == Symbol::Kind::Int ? base_->decodeInt() : k == Symbol::Kind::Long ? base_->decodeLong() : base_->decodeFloat();
+    return k == Symbol::Kind::Int ? static_cast<float>(base_->decodeInt())
+        : k == Symbol::Kind::Long ? static_cast<float>(base_->decodeLong())
+                                  : base_->decodeFloat();
 }
 
 template<typename P>
 double ResolvingDecoderImpl<P>::decodeDouble() {
     Symbol::Kind k = parser_.advance(Symbol::Kind::Double);
-    return k == Symbol::Kind::Int ? base_->decodeInt() : k == Symbol::Kind::Long ? base_->decodeLong() : k == Symbol::Kind::Float ? base_->decodeFloat() : base_->decodeDouble();
+    return k == Symbol::Kind::Int  ? static_cast<double>(base_->decodeInt())
+        : k == Symbol::Kind::Long  ? static_cast<double>(base_->decodeLong())
+        : k == Symbol::Kind::Float ? base_->decodeFloat()
+                                   : base_->decodeDouble();
 }
 
 template<typename P>
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.cc b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.cc
index b7a35517af8..fe87c5205b4 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.cc
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Symbol Symbol::enumAdjustSymbol(const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader) {
     }
 
     size_t wc = writer->names();
-    vector<int> adj;
+    vector<int> adj; // enums are encoded as ints
     adj.reserve(wc);
 
     vector<string> err;
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ Symbol Symbol::enumAdjustSymbol(const NodePtr &writer, const NodePtr &reader) {
         vector<string>::const_iterator it = find(rs.begin(), rs.end(), s);
         if (it == rs.end()) {
             auto pos = err.size() + 1;
-            adj.push_back(-pos);
+            adj.push_back(static_cast<int>(-pos));
             err.push_back(s);
         } else {
-            adj.push_back(it - rs.begin());
+            adj.push_back(static_cast<int>(it - rs.begin()));
         }
     }
     return Symbol(Kind::EnumAdjust, make_pair(adj, err));
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.hh b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.hh
index 21e46a85ae4..c8760c34dfa 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/Symbol.hh
@@ -363,6 +363,10 @@ template<typename Handler>
 class SimpleParser {
     Decoder *decoder_;
     Handler &handler_;
+    /*
+     * parsingStack always has root at the bottom of it.
+     * So it is safe to call top() on it.
+     */
     std::stack<Symbol> parsingStack;
 
     static void throwMismatch(Symbol::Kind actual, Symbol::Kind expected) {
@@ -742,6 +746,14 @@ public:
             } else if (s.kind() == Symbol::Kind::SkipStart) {
                 parsingStack.pop();
                 skip(*decoder_);
+            } else if (s.kind() == Symbol::Kind::Indirect) {
+                ProductionPtr pp = s.extra<ProductionPtr>();
+                parsingStack.pop();
+                append(pp);
+            } else if (s.kind() == Symbol::Kind::Symbolic) {
+                ProductionPtr pp(s.extra<std::weak_ptr<Production>>());
+                parsingStack.pop();
+                append(pp);
             } else {
                 break;
             }
@@ -756,6 +768,8 @@ public:
         while (parsingStack.size() > 1) {
             parsingStack.pop();
         }
+        Symbol &s = parsingStack.top();
+        append(boost::tuples::get<0>(*s.extrap<RootInfo>()));
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ValidatingCodec.cc b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ValidatingCodec.cc
index cfb82225f15..7a1f8d91bc8 100644
--- a/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ValidatingCodec.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/impl/parsing/ValidatingCodec.cc
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ ProductionPtr ValidatingGrammarGenerator::doGenerate(const NodePtr &n,
 }
 
 struct DummyHandler {
-    static size_t handle(const Symbol &s) {
+    static size_t handle(const Symbol &) {
         return 0;
     }
 };
@@ -502,6 +502,7 @@ void ValidatingEncoder<P>::setItemCount(size_t count) {
 
 template<typename P>
 void ValidatingEncoder<P>::startItem() {
+    parser_.processImplicitActions();
     if (parser_.top() != Symbol::Kind::Repeater) {
         throw Exception("startItem at not an item boundary");
     }
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/AvroParse.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/AvroParse.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/AvroParse.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/AvroParse.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/AvroSerialize.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/AvroSerialize.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/AvroSerialize.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/AvroSerialize.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/AvroTraits.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/AvroTraits.hh
similarity index 94%
rename from lang/c++/api/AvroTraits.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/AvroTraits.hh
index 7b5a636ec33..465470a9382 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/AvroTraits.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/AvroTraits.hh
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ struct is_defined {
     typedef char no[2];
 
     template<class U>
-    static yes &test(char (*)[sizeof(U)]) { throw 0; };
+    static yes &test(char (*)[sizeof(U)]) { throw 0; }
 
     template<class U>
-    static no &test(...) { throw 0; };
+    static no &test(...) { throw 0; }
 
     static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(yes);
 };
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ struct is_not_defined {
     typedef char no[2];
 
     template<class U>
-    static yes &test(char (*)[sizeof(U)]) { throw 0; };
+    static yes &test(char (*)[sizeof(U)]) { throw 0; }
 
     template<class U>
-    static no &test(...) { throw 0; };
+    static no &test(...) { throw 0; }
 
     static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(no);
 };
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Compiler.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Compiler.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Compiler.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Compiler.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Config.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Config.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Config.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Config.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/include/avro/CustomAttributes.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/CustomAttributes.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4cc6fbbaf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/CustomAttributes.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef avro_CustomAttributes_hh__
+#define avro_CustomAttributes_hh__
+
+#include "Config.hh"
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace avro {
+
+// CustomAttributes class stores avro custom attributes.
+// Each attribute is represented by a unique name and value.
+// User is supposed to create CustomAttributes object and then add it to Schema.
+class AVRO_DECL CustomAttributes {
+public:
+    // Retrieves the custom attribute json entity for that attributeName, returns an
+    // null if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    boost::optional<std::string> getAttribute(const std::string &name) const;
+
+    // Adds a custom attribute. If the attribute already exists, throw an exception.
+    void addAttribute(const std::string &name, const std::string &value);
+
+    // Provides a way to iterate over the custom attributes or check attribute size.
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string> &attributes() const {
+        return attributes_;
+    }
+
+    // Prints the attribute value for the specific attribute.
+    void printJson(std::ostream &os, const std::string &name) const;
+
+private:
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> attributes_;
+};
+
+} // namespace avro
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/DataFile.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/DataFile.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/DataFile.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/DataFile.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Decoder.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Decoder.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Decoder.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Decoder.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Encoder.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Encoder.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Encoder.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Encoder.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Exception.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Exception.hh
similarity index 84%
rename from lang/c++/api/Exception.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Exception.hh
index 691869bed8c..234a1c93023 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Exception.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Exception.hh
@@ -20,19 +20,21 @@
 #define avro_Exception_hh__
 
 #include "Config.hh"
-#include <boost/format.hpp>
+#include <fmt/core.h>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace avro {
 
 /// Wrapper for std::runtime_error that provides convenience constructor
-/// for boost::format objects
+/// for formatted messages
 
 class AVRO_DECL Exception : public virtual std::runtime_error {
 public:
     explicit Exception(const std::string &msg) : std::runtime_error(msg) {}
 
-    explicit Exception(const boost::format &msg) : std::runtime_error(boost::str(msg)) {}
+    template<typename... Args>
+    Exception(fmt::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args &&...args)
+        : std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
 };
 
 } // namespace avro
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Generic.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Generic.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Generic.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Generic.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/GenericDatum.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/GenericDatum.hh
similarity index 91%
rename from lang/c++/api/GenericDatum.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/GenericDatum.hh
index f58fd949950..a6ce2463ca8 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/GenericDatum.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/GenericDatum.hh
@@ -19,17 +19,12 @@
 #ifndef avro_GenericDatum_hh__
 #define avro_GenericDatum_hh__
 
+#include <any>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-#include <any>
-#else
-#include "boost/any.hpp"
-#endif
-
 #include "LogicalType.hh"
 #include "Node.hh"
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
@@ -62,11 +57,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL GenericDatum {
 protected:
     Type type_;
     LogicalType logicalType_;
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
     std::any value_;
-#else
-    boost::any value_;
-#endif
 
     explicit GenericDatum(Type t)
         : type_(t), logicalType_(LogicalType::NONE) {}
@@ -192,11 +183,7 @@ public:
     template<typename T>
     GenericDatum(const NodePtr &schema, const T &v) : type_(schema->type()), logicalType_(schema->logicalType()) {
         init(schema);
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
         *std::any_cast<T>(&value_) = v;
-#else
-        *boost::any_cast<T>(&value_) = v;
-#endif
     }
 
     /**
@@ -539,65 +526,33 @@ public:
 };
 
 inline Type GenericDatum::type() const {
-    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ?
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-                                 std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().type()
-                                 :
-#else
-                                 boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().type()
-                                 :
-#endif
-                                 type_;
+    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ? std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().type()
+                                 : type_;
 }
 
 inline LogicalType GenericDatum::logicalType() const {
-    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ?
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-        std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().logicalType() :
-#else
-        boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().logicalType() :
-#endif
-        logicalType_;
+    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ? std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().logicalType()
+                                 : logicalType_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
 T &GenericDatum::value() {
-    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ?
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-                                 std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
+    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ? std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
                                  : *std::any_cast<T>(&value_);
-#else
-                                 boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
-                                 : *boost::any_cast<T>(&value_);
-#endif
 }
 
 template<typename T>
 const T &GenericDatum::value() const {
-    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ?
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-                                 std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
+    return (type_ == AVRO_UNION) ? std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
                                  : *std::any_cast<T>(&value_);
-#else
-                                 boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->datum().value<T>()
-                                 : *boost::any_cast<T>(&value_);
-#endif
 }
 
 inline size_t GenericDatum::unionBranch() const {
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
     return std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->currentBranch();
-#else
-    return boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->currentBranch();
-#endif
 }
 
 inline void GenericDatum::selectBranch(size_t branch) {
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
     std::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->selectBranch(branch);
-#else
-    boost::any_cast<GenericUnion>(&value_)->selectBranch(branch);
-#endif
 }
 
 } // namespace avro
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Layout.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Layout.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Layout.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Layout.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/LogicalType.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/LogicalType.hh
similarity index 87%
rename from lang/c++/api/LogicalType.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/LogicalType.hh
index 4d06e74f635..ff430fd086a 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/LogicalType.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/LogicalType.hh
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ public:
     // Precision must be positive and scale must be either positive or zero. The
     // setters will throw an exception if they are called on any type other
     // than DECIMAL.
-    void setPrecision(int precision);
-    int precision() const { return precision_; }
-    void setScale(int scale);
-    int scale() const { return scale_; }
+    void setPrecision(int32_t precision);
+    int32_t precision() const { return precision_; }
+    void setScale(int32_t scale);
+    int32_t scale() const { return scale_; }
 
     void printJson(std::ostream &os) const;
 
 private:
     Type type_;
-    int precision_;
-    int scale_;
+    int32_t precision_;
+    int32_t scale_;
 };
 
 } // namespace avro
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Node.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Node.hh
similarity index 83%
rename from lang/c++/api/Node.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Node.hh
index 3c9389da50a..f76078b052b 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Node.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Node.hh
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
 #include "Exception.hh"
 #include "LogicalType.hh"
 #include "SchemaResolution.hh"
@@ -39,30 +40,38 @@ class GenericDatum;
 using NodePtr = std::shared_ptr<Node>;
 
 class AVRO_DECL Name {
+    struct Aliases;
+
     std::string ns_;
     std::string simpleName_;
+    std::unique_ptr<Aliases> aliases_;
 
 public:
-    Name() = default;
-    explicit Name(const std::string &fullname);
-    Name(std::string simpleName, std::string ns) : ns_(std::move(ns)), simpleName_(std::move(simpleName)) { check(); }
+    Name();
+    explicit Name(const std::string &name);
+    Name(std::string simpleName, std::string ns);
+    Name(const Name &other);
+    Name &operator=(const Name &other);
+    Name(Name &&other);
+    Name &operator=(Name &&other);
+    ~Name();
 
     std::string fullname() const;
     const std::string &ns() const { return ns_; }
     const std::string &simpleName() const { return simpleName_; }
+    const std::vector<std::string> &aliases() const;
 
     void ns(std::string n) { ns_ = std::move(n); }
     void simpleName(std::string n) { simpleName_ = std::move(n); }
     void fullname(const std::string &n);
+    void addAlias(const std::string &alias);
 
     bool operator<(const Name &n) const;
     void check() const;
     bool operator==(const Name &n) const;
     bool operator!=(const Name &n) const { return !((*this) == n); }
-    void clear() {
-        ns_.clear();
-        simpleName_.clear();
-    }
+    bool equalOrAliasedBy(const Name &n) const;
+    void clear();
     explicit operator std::string() const {
         return fullname();
     }
@@ -135,7 +144,7 @@ public:
     virtual size_t leaves() const = 0;
     virtual const NodePtr &leafAt(size_t index) const = 0;
     virtual const GenericDatum &defaultValueAt(size_t index) {
-        throw Exception(boost::format("No default value at: %1%") % index);
+        throw Exception("No default value at: {}", index);
     }
 
     void addName(const std::string &name) {
@@ -153,6 +162,11 @@ public:
     }
     virtual size_t fixedSize() const = 0;
 
+    void addCustomAttributesForField(const CustomAttributes &customAttributes) {
+        checkLock();
+        doAddCustomAttribute(customAttributes);
+    }
+
     virtual bool isValid() const = 0;
 
     virtual SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const = 0;
@@ -185,6 +199,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void doAddLeaf(const NodePtr &newLeaf) = 0;
     virtual void doAddName(const std::string &name) = 0;
     virtual void doSetFixedSize(size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void doAddCustomAttribute(const CustomAttributes &customAttributes) = 0;
 
 private:
     const Type type_;
@@ -201,4 +216,12 @@ inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const avro::Node &n) {
 }
 } // namespace std
 
+template<>
+struct fmt::formatter<avro::Name> : fmt::formatter<std::string> {
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const avro::Name &n, FormatContext &ctx) {
+        return fmt::formatter<std::string>::format(n.fullname(), ctx);
+    }
+};
+
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/NodeConcepts.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/NodeConcepts.hh
similarity index 98%
rename from lang/c++/api/NodeConcepts.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/NodeConcepts.hh
index 155c8ed9193..2f219cd94cc 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/NodeConcepts.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/NodeConcepts.hh
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ private:
 template<typename T>
 struct NameIndexConcept {
 
-    bool lookup(const std::string &name, size_t &index) const {
+    bool lookup(const std::string &, size_t &) const {
         throw Exception("Name index does not exist");
     }
 
-    bool add(const ::std::string &name, size_t) {
+    bool add(const ::std::string &, size_t) {
         throw Exception("Name index does not exist");
     }
 };
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/NodeImpl.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/NodeImpl.hh
similarity index 82%
rename from lang/c++/api/NodeImpl.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/NodeImpl.hh
index c74d39e6b8b..3e5546c94ea 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/NodeImpl.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/NodeImpl.hh
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
 #include "Node.hh"
 #include "NodeConcepts.hh"
 
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ template<
     class NameConcept,
     class LeavesConcept,
     class LeafNamesConcept,
+    class MultiAttributesConcept,
     class SizeConcept>
 class NodeImpl : public Node {
 
@@ -51,17 +53,20 @@ protected:
                                    docAttribute_(),
                                    leafAttributes_(),
                                    leafNameAttributes_(),
+                                   customAttributes_(),
                                    sizeAttribute_() {}
 
     NodeImpl(Type type,
              const NameConcept &name,
              const LeavesConcept &leaves,
              const LeafNamesConcept &leafNames,
+             const MultiAttributesConcept &customAttributes,
              const SizeConcept &size) : Node(type),
                                         nameAttribute_(name),
                                         docAttribute_(),
                                         leafAttributes_(leaves),
                                         leafNameAttributes_(leafNames),
+                                        customAttributes_(customAttributes),
                                         sizeAttribute_(size) {}
 
     // Ctor with "doc"
@@ -70,11 +75,13 @@ protected:
              const concepts::SingleAttribute<std::string> &doc,
              const LeavesConcept &leaves,
              const LeafNamesConcept &leafNames,
+             const MultiAttributesConcept &customAttributes,
              const SizeConcept &size) : Node(type),
                                         nameAttribute_(name),
                                         docAttribute_(doc),
                                         leafAttributes_(leaves),
                                         leafNameAttributes_(leafNames),
+                                        customAttributes_(customAttributes),
                                         sizeAttribute_(size) {}
 
     void swap(NodeImpl &impl) {
@@ -83,6 +90,7 @@ protected:
         std::swap(leafAttributes_, impl.leafAttributes_);
         std::swap(leafNameAttributes_, impl.leafNameAttributes_);
         std::swap(sizeAttribute_, impl.sizeAttribute_);
+        std::swap(customAttributes_, impl.customAttributes_);
         std::swap(nameIndex_, impl.nameIndex_);
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +129,7 @@ protected:
 
     void doAddName(const std::string &name) override {
         if (!nameIndex_.add(name, leafNameAttributes_.size())) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot add duplicate name: %1%") % name);
+            throw Exception("Cannot add duplicate name: {}", name);
         }
         leafNameAttributes_.add(name);
     }
@@ -152,6 +160,10 @@ protected:
 
     void setLeafToSymbolic(size_t index, const NodePtr &node) override;
 
+    void doAddCustomAttribute(const CustomAttributes &customAttributes) override {
+        customAttributes_.add(customAttributes);
+    }
+
     SchemaResolution furtherResolution(const Node &reader) const {
         SchemaResolution match = RESOLVE_NO_MATCH;
 
@@ -195,6 +207,7 @@ protected:
 
     LeavesConcept leafAttributes_;
     LeafNamesConcept leafNameAttributes_;
+    MultiAttributesConcept customAttributes_;
     SizeConcept sizeAttribute_;
     concepts::NameIndexConcept<LeafNamesConcept> nameIndex_;
 };
@@ -210,19 +223,21 @@ using MultiLeaves = concepts::MultiAttribute<NodePtr>;
 
 using NoLeafNames = concepts::NoAttribute<std::string>;
 using LeafNames = concepts::MultiAttribute<std::string>;
+using MultiAttributes = concepts::MultiAttribute<CustomAttributes>;
+using NoAttributes = concepts::NoAttribute<CustomAttributes>;
 
-using NoSize = concepts::NoAttribute<int>;
-using HasSize = concepts::SingleAttribute<int>;
+using NoSize = concepts::NoAttribute<size_t>;
+using HasSize = concepts::SingleAttribute<size_t>;
 
-using NodeImplPrimitive = NodeImpl<NoName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplSymbolic = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplPrimitive = NodeImpl<NoName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, MultiAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplSymbolic = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoAttributes, NoSize>;
 
-using NodeImplRecord = NodeImpl<HasName, MultiLeaves, LeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplEnum = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, LeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplArray = NodeImpl<NoName, SingleLeaf, NoLeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplMap = NodeImpl<NoName, MultiLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplUnion = NodeImpl<NoName, MultiLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoSize>;
-using NodeImplFixed = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, HasSize>;
+using NodeImplRecord = NodeImpl<HasName, MultiLeaves, LeafNames, MultiAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplEnum = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, LeafNames, NoAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplArray = NodeImpl<NoName, SingleLeaf, NoLeafNames, NoAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplMap = NodeImpl<NoName, MultiLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplUnion = NodeImpl<NoName, MultiLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoAttributes, NoSize>;
+using NodeImplFixed = NodeImpl<HasName, NoLeaves, NoLeafNames, NoAttributes, HasSize>;
 
 class AVRO_DECL NodePrimitive : public NodeImplPrimitive {
 public:
@@ -245,9 +260,9 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeSymbolic : public NodeImplSymbolic {
 public:
     NodeSymbolic() : NodeImplSymbolic(AVRO_SYMBOLIC) {}
 
-    explicit NodeSymbolic(const HasName &name) : NodeImplSymbolic(AVRO_SYMBOLIC, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), NoSize()) {}
+    explicit NodeSymbolic(const HasName &name) : NodeImplSymbolic(AVRO_SYMBOLIC, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), NoSize()) {}
 
-    NodeSymbolic(const HasName &name, const NodePtr &n) : NodeImplSymbolic(AVRO_SYMBOLIC, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), NoSize()), actualNode_(n) {}
+    NodeSymbolic(const HasName &name, const NodePtr &n) : NodeImplSymbolic(AVRO_SYMBOLIC, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), NoSize()), actualNode_(n) {}
     SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const override;
 
     void printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const override;
@@ -265,7 +280,7 @@ public:
     NodePtr getNode() const {
         NodePtr node = actualNode_.lock();
         if (!node) {
-            throw Exception(boost::format("Could not follow symbol %1%") % name());
+            throw Exception("Could not follow symbol {}", name());
         }
         return node;
     }
@@ -279,30 +294,30 @@ protected:
 };
 
 class AVRO_DECL NodeRecord : public NodeImplRecord {
-    std::vector<GenericDatum> defaultValues;
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldsAliases_;
+    std::vector<GenericDatum> fieldsDefaultValues_;
 
 public:
     NodeRecord() : NodeImplRecord(AVRO_RECORD) {}
+
     NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const MultiLeaves &fields,
-               const LeafNames &fieldsNames,
-               std::vector<GenericDatum> dv);
+               const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<GenericDatum> dv);
 
     NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const HasDoc &doc, const MultiLeaves &fields,
-               const LeafNames &fieldsNames,
-               std::vector<GenericDatum> dv) : NodeImplRecord(AVRO_RECORD, name, doc, fields, fieldsNames, NoSize()),
-                                               defaultValues(std::move(dv)) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < leafNameAttributes_.size(); ++i) {
-            if (!nameIndex_.add(leafNameAttributes_.get(i), i)) {
-                throw Exception(boost::format(
-                                    "Cannot add duplicate field: %1%")
-                                % leafNameAttributes_.get(i));
-            }
-        }
-    }
+               const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<GenericDatum> dv);
+
+    NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+               const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldsAliases,
+               std::vector<GenericDatum> dv, const MultiAttributes &customAttributes);
+
+    NodeRecord(const HasName &name, const HasDoc &doc, const MultiLeaves &fields,
+               const LeafNames &fieldsNames, std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldsAliases,
+               std::vector<GenericDatum> dv, const MultiAttributes &customAttributes);
 
     void swap(NodeRecord &r) {
         NodeImplRecord::swap(r);
-        defaultValues.swap(r.defaultValues);
+        fieldsAliases_.swap(r.fieldsAliases_);
+        fieldsDefaultValues_.swap(r.fieldsDefaultValues_);
     }
 
     SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const override;
@@ -310,11 +325,11 @@ public:
     void printJson(std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const override;
 
     bool isValid() const override {
-        return ((nameAttribute_.size() == 1) && (leafAttributes_.size() == leafNameAttributes_.size()));
+        return ((nameAttribute_.size() == 1) && (leafAttributes_.size() == leafNameAttributes_.size()) && (customAttributes_.size() == 0 || customAttributes_.size() == leafAttributes_.size()));
     }
 
     const GenericDatum &defaultValueAt(size_t index) override {
-        return defaultValues[index];
+        return fieldsDefaultValues_[index];
     }
 
     void printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const override;
@@ -324,10 +339,10 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeEnum : public NodeImplEnum {
 public:
     NodeEnum() : NodeImplEnum(AVRO_ENUM) {}
 
-    NodeEnum(const HasName &name, const LeafNames &symbols) : NodeImplEnum(AVRO_ENUM, name, NoLeaves(), symbols, NoSize()) {
+    NodeEnum(const HasName &name, const LeafNames &symbols) : NodeImplEnum(AVRO_ENUM, name, NoLeaves(), symbols, NoAttributes(), NoSize()) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < leafNameAttributes_.size(); ++i) {
             if (!nameIndex_.add(leafNameAttributes_.get(i), i)) {
-                throw Exception(boost::format("Cannot add duplicate enum: %1%") % leafNameAttributes_.get(i));
+                throw Exception("Cannot add duplicate enum: {}", leafNameAttributes_.get(i));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -348,7 +363,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeArray : public NodeImplArray {
 public:
     NodeArray() : NodeImplArray(AVRO_ARRAY) {}
 
-    explicit NodeArray(const SingleLeaf &items) : NodeImplArray(AVRO_ARRAY, NoName(), items, NoLeafNames(), NoSize()) {}
+    explicit NodeArray(const SingleLeaf &items) : NodeImplArray(AVRO_ARRAY, NoName(), items, NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), NoSize()) {}
 
     SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const override;
 
@@ -365,7 +380,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeMap : public NodeImplMap {
 public:
     NodeMap();
 
-    explicit NodeMap(const SingleLeaf &values) : NodeImplMap(AVRO_MAP, NoName(), MultiLeaves(values), NoLeafNames(), NoSize()) {
+    explicit NodeMap(const SingleLeaf &values) : NodeImplMap(AVRO_MAP, NoName(), MultiLeaves(values), NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), NoSize()) {
         // need to add the key for the map too
         NodePtr key(new NodePrimitive(AVRO_STRING));
         doAddLeaf(key);
@@ -389,7 +404,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeUnion : public NodeImplUnion {
 public:
     NodeUnion() : NodeImplUnion(AVRO_UNION) {}
 
-    explicit NodeUnion(const MultiLeaves &types) : NodeImplUnion(AVRO_UNION, NoName(), types, NoLeafNames(), NoSize()) {}
+    explicit NodeUnion(const MultiLeaves &types) : NodeImplUnion(AVRO_UNION, NoName(), types, NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), NoSize()) {}
 
     SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const override;
 
@@ -458,7 +473,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL NodeFixed : public NodeImplFixed {
 public:
     NodeFixed() : NodeImplFixed(AVRO_FIXED) {}
 
-    NodeFixed(const HasName &name, const HasSize &size) : NodeImplFixed(AVRO_FIXED, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), size) {}
+    NodeFixed(const HasName &name, const HasSize &size) : NodeImplFixed(AVRO_FIXED, name, NoLeaves(), NoLeafNames(), NoAttributes(), size) {}
 
     SchemaResolution resolve(const Node &reader) const override;
 
@@ -472,9 +487,9 @@ public:
     void printDefaultToJson(const GenericDatum &g, std::ostream &os, size_t depth) const override;
 };
 
-template<class A, class B, class C, class D>
+template<class A, class B, class C, class D, class E>
 inline void
-NodeImpl<A, B, C, D>::setLeafToSymbolic(size_t index, const NodePtr &node) {
+NodeImpl<A, B, C, D, E>::setLeafToSymbolic(size_t index, const NodePtr &node) {
     if (!B::hasAttribute) {
         throw Exception("Cannot change leaf node for nonexistent leaf");
     }
@@ -490,21 +505,21 @@ NodeImpl<A, B, C, D>::setLeafToSymbolic(size_t index, const NodePtr &node) {
     replaceNode = symbol;
 }
 
-template<class A, class B, class C, class D>
+template<class A, class B, class C, class D, class E>
 inline void
-NodeImpl<A, B, C, D>::printBasicInfo(std::ostream &os) const {
+NodeImpl<A, B, C, D, E>::printBasicInfo(std::ostream &os) const {
     os << type();
     if (hasName()) {
         os << ' ' << nameAttribute_.get();
     }
 
-    if (D::hasAttribute) {
+    if (E::hasAttribute) {
         os << " " << sizeAttribute_.get();
     }
     os << '\n';
-    int count = leaves();
+    size_t count = leaves();
     count = count ? count : names();
-    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         if (C::hasAttribute) {
             os << "name " << nameAt(i) << '\n';
         }
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Parser.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Parser.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Parser.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Parser.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Reader.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Reader.hh
similarity index 96%
rename from lang/c++/api/Reader.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Reader.hh
index ca6a719e31c..62d81c2365f 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Reader.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Reader.hh
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public:
         union {
             double d;
             uint64_t i;
-        } v;
+        } v = {0};
         reader_.read(v.i);
         val = v.d;
     }
@@ -176,15 +176,15 @@ private:
         return encoded;
     }
 
-    int64_t readSize() {
+    size_t readSize() {
         uint64_t encoded = readVarInt();
-        int64_t size = decodeZigzag64(encoded);
+        auto size = static_cast<size_t>(decodeZigzag64(encoded));
         return size;
     }
 
-    int64_t readCount() {
+    size_t readCount() {
         validator_.checkTypeExpected(AVRO_LONG);
-        int64_t count = readSize();
+        size_t count = readSize();
         validator_.setCount(count);
         return count;
     }
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Resolver.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Resolver.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Resolver.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Resolver.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/ResolverSchema.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/ResolverSchema.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/ResolverSchema.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/ResolverSchema.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/ResolvingReader.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/ResolvingReader.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/ResolvingReader.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/ResolvingReader.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Schema.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Schema.hh
similarity index 94%
rename from lang/c++/api/Schema.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Schema.hh
index abd646f9fc7..6eec0e8b6e4 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Schema.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Schema.hh
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #define avro_Schema_hh__
 
 #include "Config.hh"
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
 #include "NodeImpl.hh"
 #include <string>
 
@@ -100,6 +101,9 @@ class AVRO_DECL RecordSchema : public Schema {
 public:
     explicit RecordSchema(const std::string &name);
     void addField(const std::string &name, const Schema &fieldSchema);
+    // Add a field with custom attributes
+    void addField(const std::string &name, const Schema &fieldSchema,
+                  const CustomAttributes &customAttributes);
 
     std::string getDoc() const;
     void setDoc(const std::string &);
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/SchemaResolution.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/SchemaResolution.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/SchemaResolution.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/SchemaResolution.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Serializer.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Serializer.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Serializer.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Serializer.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Specific.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Specific.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Specific.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Specific.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Stream.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Stream.hh
similarity index 99%
rename from lang/c++/api/Stream.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Stream.hh
index fe2c97ee2dd..81448d26d02 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Stream.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Stream.hh
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "boost/utility.hpp"
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Types.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Types.hh
similarity index 92%
rename from lang/c++/api/Types.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Types.hh
index e3296ae0d00..84a33976e9f 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Types.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Types.hh
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #ifndef avro_Types_hh__
 #define avro_Types_hh__
 
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include "Config.hh"
@@ -109,4 +110,12 @@ std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Null &null);
 
 } // namespace avro
 
+template<>
+struct fmt::formatter<avro::Type> : fmt::formatter<std::string> {
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(avro::Type t, FormatContext &ctx) {
+        return fmt::formatter<std::string>::format(avro::toString(t), ctx);
+    }
+};
+
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/ValidSchema.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/ValidSchema.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/ValidSchema.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/ValidSchema.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Validator.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Validator.hh
similarity index 81%
rename from lang/c++/api/Validator.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Validator.hh
index ab5d068df0b..6437a549ff1 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Validator.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Validator.hh
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ namespace avro {
 
 class AVRO_DECL NullValidator : private boost::noncopyable {
 public:
-    explicit NullValidator(const ValidSchema &schema) {}
+    explicit NullValidator(const ValidSchema &) {}
     NullValidator() = default;
 
-    void setCount(int64_t) {}
+    void setCount(size_t) {}
 
     static bool typeIsExpected(Type) {
         return true;
@@ -45,20 +45,20 @@ public:
         return AVRO_UNKNOWN;
     }
 
-    static int nextSizeExpected() {
+    static size_t nextSizeExpected() {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    static bool getCurrentRecordName(std::string &name) {
+    static bool getCurrentRecordName(std::string &) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    static bool getNextFieldName(std::string &name) {
+    static bool getNextFieldName(std::string &) {
         return true;
     }
 
     void checkTypeExpected(Type) {}
-    void checkFixedSizeExpected(int) {}
+    void checkFixedSizeExpected(size_t) {}
 };
 
 /// This class is used by both the ValidatingSerializer and ValidationParser
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class AVRO_DECL Validator : private boost::noncopyable {
 public:
     explicit Validator(ValidSchema schema);
 
-    void setCount(int64_t val);
+    void setCount(size_t val);
 
     bool typeIsExpected(Type type) const {
         return (expectedTypesFlag_ & typeToFlag(type)) != 0;
@@ -81,25 +81,21 @@ public:
         return nextType_;
     }
 
-    int nextSizeExpected() const;
+    size_t nextSizeExpected() const;
 
     bool getCurrentRecordName(std::string &name) const;
     bool getNextFieldName(std::string &name) const;
 
     void checkTypeExpected(Type type) {
         if (!typeIsExpected(type)) {
-            throw Exception(
-                boost::format("Type %1% does not match schema %2%")
-                % type % nextType_);
+            throw Exception("Type {} does not match schema {}", type, nextType_);
         }
         advance();
     }
 
-    void checkFixedSizeExpected(int size) {
+    void checkFixedSizeExpected(size_t size) {
         if (nextSizeExpected() != size) {
-            throw Exception(
-                boost::format("Wrong size for fixed, got %1%, expected %2%")
-                % size % nextSizeExpected());
+            throw Exception("Wrong size for fixed, got {}, expected {}", size, nextSizeExpected());
         }
         checkTypeExpected(AVRO_FIXED);
     }
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@ private:
     using flag_t = uint32_t;
 
     static flag_t typeToFlag(Type type) {
-        flag_t flag = (1L << type);
+        flag_t flag = 1u << static_cast<flag_t>(type);
         return flag;
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +129,7 @@ private:
     flag_t expectedTypesFlag_;
     bool compoundStarted_;
     bool waitingForCount_;
-    int64_t count_;
+    size_t count_;
 
     struct CompoundType {
         explicit CompoundType(NodePtr n) : node(std::move(n)), pos(0) {}
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Writer.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Writer.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/Writer.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Writer.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/Zigzag.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/Zigzag.hh
similarity index 90%
rename from lang/c++/api/Zigzag.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/Zigzag.hh
index fefdc3f32e7..5d20e028b2d 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/Zigzag.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/Zigzag.hh
@@ -30,16 +30,14 @@
 namespace avro {
 
 AVRO_DECL constexpr uint64_t encodeZigzag64(int64_t input) noexcept {
-    // cppcheck-suppress shiftTooManyBitsSigned
-    return ((input << 1) ^ (input >> 63));
+    return ((static_cast<uint64_t>(input) << 1) ^ (input >> 63));
 }
 AVRO_DECL constexpr int64_t decodeZigzag64(uint64_t input) noexcept {
     return static_cast<int64_t>(((input >> 1) ^ -(static_cast<int64_t>(input) & 1)));
 }
 
 AVRO_DECL constexpr uint32_t encodeZigzag32(int32_t input) noexcept {
-    // cppcheck-suppress shiftTooManyBitsSigned
-    return ((input << 1) ^ (input >> 31));
+    return (static_cast<uint32_t>(input) << 1) ^ (input >> 31);
 }
 AVRO_DECL constexpr int32_t decodeZigzag32(uint32_t input) noexcept {
     return static_cast<int32_t>(((input >> 1) ^ -(static_cast<int64_t>(input) & 1)));
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/Buffer.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/Buffer.hh
similarity index 98%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/Buffer.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/Buffer.hh
index bc3baf12330..16a22ef626e 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/buffer/Buffer.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/Buffer.hh
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public:
      **/
 
     size_type wroteTo(size_type size) {
-        int wrote = 0;
+        size_type wrote = 0;
         if (size) {
             if (size > freeSpace()) {
                 throw std::length_error("Impossible to write more data than free space");
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ public:
      * Returns the number of chunks that contain free space.
      **/
 
-    int numChunks() const {
+    size_t numChunks() const {
         return pimpl_->numFreeChunks();
     }
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public:
      * Returns the number of chunks that contain data
      **/
 
-    int numDataChunks() const {
+    size_t numDataChunks() const {
         return pimpl_->numDataChunks();
     }
 
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ public:
      * Returns the number of chunks containing data.
      **/
 
-    int numChunks() const {
+    size_t numChunks() const {
         return pimpl_->numDataChunks();
     }
 
@@ -476,10 +476,10 @@ inline InputBuffer OutputBuffer::extractData(size_type bytes) {
 
 template<class BufferType>
 inline void toIovec(BufferType &buf, std::vector<struct iovec> &iov) {
-    const int chunks = buf.numChunks();
+    const size_t chunks = buf.numChunks();
     iov.resize(chunks);
     typename BufferType::const_iterator iter = buf.begin();
-    for (int i = 0; i < chunks; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < chunks; ++i) {
         iov[i].iov_base = const_cast<typename BufferType::data_type *>(iter->data());
         iov[i].iov_len = iter->size();
         ++iter;
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferPrint.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferPrint.hh
similarity index 99%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferPrint.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferPrint.hh
index c8eb15b719a..8d4001529c9 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferPrint.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferPrint.hh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ hexPrint(std::ostream &os, BufferReader &reader) {
     std::ios_base::fmtflags savedFlags = os.flags();
 
     char sixteenBytes[16];
-    int offset = 0;
+    size_t offset = 0;
 
     os << std::setfill('0');
     os << std::hex;
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferReader.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferReader.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferReader.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferReader.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferStream.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferStream.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferStream.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferStream.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh
similarity index 96%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh
index 2b7aea4d779..42eb20c21c6 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/BufferStreambuf.hh
@@ -135,7 +135,11 @@ protected:
                 memcpy(c, gptr(), toCopy);
                 c += toCopy;
                 bytesCopied += toCopy;
-                gbump(toCopy);
+                while (toCopy > static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max())) {
+                    gbump(std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+                    toCopy -= static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+                }
+                gbump(static_cast<int>(toCopy));
             }
 
             if (bytesCopied < len) {
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh
similarity index 99%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh
index b487cdb3935..652e98d51ba 100644
--- a/lang/c++/api/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh
+++ b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/detail/BufferDetail.hh
@@ -481,13 +481,13 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// The number of chunks containing data.  Used for debugging.
-    int numDataChunks() const {
+    size_t numDataChunks() const {
         return readChunks_.size();
     }
 
     /// The number of chunks containing free space (note that an entire chunk
     /// may not be free).  Used for debugging.
-    int numFreeChunks() const {
+    size_t numFreeChunks() const {
         return writeChunks_.size();
     }
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/api/buffer/detail/BufferDetailIterator.hh b/lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/detail/BufferDetailIterator.hh
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/c++/api/buffer/detail/BufferDetailIterator.hh
rename to lang/c++/include/avro/buffer/detail/BufferDetailIterator.hh
diff --git a/lang/c++/jsonschemas/cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef b/lang/c++/jsonschemas/cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..215f2f4c0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c++/jsonschemas/cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "Record",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "void",
+      "type": [
+        "int",
+        "double"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/c++/jsonschemas/union_empty_record b/lang/c++/jsonschemas/union_empty_record
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d2523165ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c++/jsonschemas/union_empty_record
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "StackCalculator",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "stack",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": [
+          "int",
+          {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Dup",
+            "fields": []
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Add",
+            "fields": []
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/README b/lang/c++/m4/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d90a5a133e..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-The macros in this directory came from https://www.nongnu.org/autoconf-archive/index.html
-
-Please refer to the files for their licensing info.
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_asio.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_asio.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index d0d070b017b..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_asio.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#       https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_asio.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_ASIO
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for Asio library from the Boost C++ libraries. The macro requires a
-#   preceding call to AX_BOOST_BASE. Further documentation is available at
-#   <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_ASIO_LIB)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST_ASIO
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Pete Greenwell <pete@mu.org>
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
-#   warranty.
-
-#serial 7
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_ASIO],
-[
-    AC_ARG_WITH([boost-asio],
-    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-asio@<:@=special-lib@:>@],
-                   [use the ASIO library from boost - it is possible to specify a certain library for the linker
-                        e.g. --with-boost-asio=boost_system-gcc41-mt-1_34 ]),
-        [
-        if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-            want_boost="no"
-        elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_asio_lib=""
-        else
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_asio_lib="$withval"
-        fi
-        ],
-        [want_boost="yes"]
-    )
-
-    if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
-        CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-        CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-        export CPPFLAGS
-
-        LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-        export LDFLAGS
-
-        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the Boost::ASIO library is available,
-                       ax_cv_boost_asio,
-        [AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-         AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[ @%:@include <boost/asio.hpp>
-                                            ]],
-                                  [[
-
-                                    boost::asio::io_service io;
-                                    boost::system::error_code timer_result;
-                                    boost::asio::deadline_timer t(io);
-                                    t.cancel();
-                                    io.run_one();
-                                    return 0;
-                                   ]]),
-                             ax_cv_boost_asio=yes, ax_cv_boost_asio=no)
-         AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-        ])
-        if test "x$ax_cv_boost_asio" = "xyes"; then
-            AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST_ASIO,,[define if the Boost::ASIO library is available])
-            BN=boost_system
-            if test "x$ax_boost_user_asio_lib" = "x"; then
-                for ax_lib in $BN $BN-$CC $BN-$CC-mt $BN-$CC-mt-s $BN-$CC-s \
-                              lib$BN lib$BN-$CC lib$BN-$CC-mt lib$BN-$CC-mt-s lib$BN-$CC-s \
-                              $BN-mgw $BN-mgw $BN-mgw-mt $BN-mgw-mt-s $BN-mgw-s ; do
-                    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, main, [BOOST_ASIO_LIB="-l$ax_lib" AC_SUBST(BOOST_ASIO_LIB) link_thread="yes" break],
-                                 [link_thread="no"])
-                done
-            else
-               for ax_lib in $ax_boost_user_asio_lib $BN-$ax_boost_user_asio_lib; do
-                      AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, main,
-                                   [BOOST_ASIO_LIB="-l$ax_lib" AC_SUBST(BOOST_ASIO_LIB) link_asio="yes" break],
-                                   [link_asio="no"])
-                  done
-
-            fi
-            if test "x$link_asio" = "xno"; then
-                AC_MSG_ERROR(Could not link against $ax_lib !)
-            fi
-        fi
-
-        CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-    fi
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_base.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_base.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index 34f63c751a8..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_base.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#          https://www.nongnu.org/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_base.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_BASE([MINIMUM-VERSION])
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for the Boost C++ libraries of a particular version (or newer)
-#
-#   If no path to the installed boost library is given the macro searchs
-#   under /usr, /usr/local, /opt and /opt/local and evaluates the
-#   $BOOST_ROOT environment variable. Further documentation is available at
-#   <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_CPPFLAGS) / AC_SUBST(BOOST_LDFLAGS)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved.
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_BASE],
-[
-AC_ARG_WITH([boost],
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost@<:@=DIR@:>@], [use boost (default is yes) - it is possible to specify the root directory for boost (optional)]),
-	[
-    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-		want_boost="no"
-    elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-        want_boost="yes"
-        ac_boost_path=""
-    else
-	    want_boost="yes"
-        ac_boost_path="$withval"
-	fi
-    ],
-    [want_boost="yes"])
-
-
-AC_ARG_WITH([boost-libdir],
-        AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-libdir=LIB_DIR],
-        [Force given directory for boost libraries. Note that this will overwrite library path detection, so use this parameter only if default library detection fails and you know exactly where your boost libraries are located.]),
-        [
-        if test -d $withval
-        then
-                ac_boost_lib_path="$withval"
-        else
-                AC_MSG_ERROR(--with-boost-libdir expected directory name)
-        fi
-        ],
-        [ac_boost_lib_path=""]
-)
-
-if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-	boost_lib_version_req=ifelse([$1], ,1.20.0,$1)
-	boost_lib_version_req_shorten=`expr $boost_lib_version_req : '\([[0-9]]*\.[[0-9]]*\)'`
-	boost_lib_version_req_major=`expr $boost_lib_version_req : '\([[0-9]]*\)'`
-	boost_lib_version_req_minor=`expr $boost_lib_version_req : '[[0-9]]*\.\([[0-9]]*\)'`
-	boost_lib_version_req_sub_minor=`expr $boost_lib_version_req : '[[0-9]]*\.[[0-9]]*\.\([[0-9]]*\)'`
-	if test "x$boost_lib_version_req_sub_minor" = "x" ; then
-		boost_lib_version_req_sub_minor="0"
-    	fi
-	WANT_BOOST_VERSION=`expr $boost_lib_version_req_major \* 100000 \+  $boost_lib_version_req_minor \* 100 \+ $boost_lib_version_req_sub_minor`
-	AC_MSG_CHECKING(for boostlib >= $boost_lib_version_req)
-	succeeded=no
-
-	dnl first we check the system location for boost libraries
-	dnl this location ist chosen if boost libraries are installed with the --layout=system option
-	dnl or if you install boost with RPM
-	if test "$ac_boost_path" != ""; then
-		BOOST_LDFLAGS="-L$ac_boost_path/lib"
-		BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-I$ac_boost_path/include"
-	else
-		for ac_boost_path_tmp in /usr /usr/local /opt /opt/local ; do
-			if test -d "$ac_boost_path_tmp/include/boost" && test -r "$ac_boost_path_tmp/include/boost"; then
-				BOOST_LDFLAGS="-L$ac_boost_path_tmp/lib"
-				BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-I$ac_boost_path_tmp/include"
-				break;
-			fi
-		done
-	fi
-
-    dnl overwrite ld flags if we have required special directory with
-    dnl --with-boost-libdir parameter
-    if test "$ac_boost_lib_path" != ""; then
-       BOOST_LDFLAGS="-L$ac_boost_lib_path"
-    fi
-
-	CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-	CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-	export CPPFLAGS
-
-	LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-	export LDFLAGS
-
-	AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
-     	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
-	@%:@include <boost/version.hpp>
-	]], [[
-	#if BOOST_VERSION >= $WANT_BOOST_VERSION
-	// Everything is okay
-	#else
-	#  error Boost version is too old
-	#endif
-	]])],[
-        AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
-	succeeded=yes
-	found_system=yes
-       	],[
-       	])
-	AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-
-
-
-	dnl if we found no boost with system layout we search for boost libraries
-	dnl built and installed without the --layout=system option or for a staged(not installed) version
-	if test "x$succeeded" != "xyes"; then
-		_version=0
-		if test "$ac_boost_path" != ""; then
-			if test -d "$ac_boost_path" && test -r "$ac_boost_path"; then
-				for i in `ls -d $ac_boost_path/include/boost-* 2>/dev/null`; do
-					_version_tmp=`echo $i | sed "s#$ac_boost_path##" | sed 's/\/include\/boost-//' | sed 's/_/./'`
-					V_CHECK=`expr $_version_tmp \> $_version`
-					if test "$V_CHECK" = "1" ; then
-						_version=$_version_tmp
-					fi
-					VERSION_UNDERSCORE=`echo $_version | sed 's/\./_/'`
-					BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-I$ac_boost_path/include/boost-$VERSION_UNDERSCORE"
-				done
-			fi
-		else
-			for ac_boost_path in /usr /usr/local /opt /opt/local ; do
-				if test -d "$ac_boost_path" && test -r "$ac_boost_path"; then
-					for i in `ls -d $ac_boost_path/include/boost-* 2>/dev/null`; do
-						_version_tmp=`echo $i | sed "s#$ac_boost_path##" | sed 's/\/include\/boost-//' | sed 's/_/./'`
-						V_CHECK=`expr $_version_tmp \> $_version`
-						if test "$V_CHECK" = "1" ; then
-							_version=$_version_tmp
-	               					best_path=$ac_boost_path
-						fi
-					done
-				fi
-			done
-
-			VERSION_UNDERSCORE=`echo $_version | sed 's/\./_/'`
-			BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-I$best_path/include/boost-$VERSION_UNDERSCORE"
-            if test "$ac_boost_lib_path" = ""
-            then
-               BOOST_LDFLAGS="-L$best_path/lib"
-            fi
-
-	    		if test "x$BOOST_ROOT" != "x"; then
-				if test -d "$BOOST_ROOT" && test -r "$BOOST_ROOT" && test -d "$BOOST_ROOT/stage/lib" && test -r "$BOOST_ROOT/stage/lib"; then
-					version_dir=`expr //$BOOST_ROOT : '.*/\(.*\)'`
-					stage_version=`echo $version_dir | sed 's/boost_//' | sed 's/_/./g'`
-			        	stage_version_shorten=`expr $stage_version : '\([[0-9]]*\.[[0-9]]*\)'`
-					V_CHECK=`expr $stage_version_shorten \>\= $_version`
-                    if test "$V_CHECK" = "1" -a "$ac_boost_lib_path" = "" ; then
-						AC_MSG_NOTICE(We will use a staged boost library from $BOOST_ROOT)
-						BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-I$BOOST_ROOT"
-						BOOST_LDFLAGS="-L$BOOST_ROOT/stage/lib"
-					fi
-				fi
-	    		fi
-		fi
-
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		export CPPFLAGS
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-		export LDFLAGS
-
-		AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
-	     	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
-		@%:@include <boost/version.hpp>
-		]], [[
-		#if BOOST_VERSION >= $WANT_BOOST_VERSION
-		// Everything is okay
-		#else
-		#  error Boost version is too old
-		#endif
-		]])],[
-        	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
-		succeeded=yes
-		found_system=yes
-       		],[
-	       	])
-		AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-	fi
-
-	if test "$succeeded" != "yes" ; then
-		if test "$_version" = "0" ; then
-			AC_MSG_ERROR([[We could not detect the boost libraries (version $boost_lib_version_req_shorten or higher). If you have a staged boost library (still not installed) please specify \$BOOST_ROOT in your environment and do not give a PATH to --with-boost option.  If you are sure you have boost installed, then check your version number looking in <boost/version.hpp>. See https://www.randspringer.de/boost for more documentation.]])
-		else
-			AC_MSG_ERROR([Your boost libraries seems too old (version $_version).])
-		fi
-	else
-		AC_SUBST(BOOST_CPPFLAGS)
-		AC_SUBST(BOOST_LDFLAGS)
-		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST,,[define if the Boost library is available])
-	fi
-
-        CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-       	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-fi
-
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_filesystem.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_filesystem.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index a52ce6ad166..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_filesystem.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#    https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_filesystem.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_FILESYSTEM
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for Filesystem library from the Boost C++ libraries. The macro
-#   requires a preceding call to AX_BOOST_BASE. Further documentation is
-#   available at <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST_FILESYSTEM
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2009 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#   Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Tindal
-#   Copyright (c) 2009 Roman Rybalko <libtorrent@romanr.info>
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
-#   warranty.
-
-#serial 13
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_FILESYSTEM],
-[
-	AC_ARG_WITH([boost-filesystem],
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-filesystem@<:@=special-lib@:>@],
-                   [use the Filesystem library from boost - it is possible to specify a certain library for the linker
-                        e.g. --with-boost-filesystem=boost_filesystem-gcc-mt ]),
-        [
-        if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-			want_boost="no"
-        elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_filesystem_lib=""
-        else
-		    want_boost="yes"
-        	ax_boost_user_filesystem_lib="$withval"
-		fi
-        ],
-        [want_boost="yes"]
-	)
-
-	if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
-		CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		export CPPFLAGS
-
-		LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-		export LDFLAGS
-
-		LIBS_SAVED=$LIBS
-		LIBS="$LIBS $BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB"
-		export LIBS
-
-        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the Boost::Filesystem library is available,
-					   ax_cv_boost_filesystem,
-        [AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-         AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>]],
-                                   [[using namespace boost::filesystem;
-                                   path my_path( "foo/bar/data.txt" );
-                                   return 0;]]),
-            				       ax_cv_boost_filesystem=yes, ax_cv_boost_filesystem=no)
-         AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-		])
-		if test "x$ax_cv_boost_filesystem" = "xyes"; then
-			AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST_FILESYSTEM,,[define if the Boost::Filesystem library is available])
-            BOOSTLIBDIR=`echo $BOOST_LDFLAGS | sed -e 's/@<:@^\/@:>@*//'`
-            if test "x$ax_boost_user_filesystem_lib" = "x"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/libboost_filesystem*.{so,dylib,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^lib\(boost_filesystem.*\)\.so.*$;\1;' -e 's;^lib\(boost_filesystem.*\)\.a*$;\1;' -e 's;^lib\(boost_filesystem.*\)\.dylib$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB) link_filesystem="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_filesystem="no"])
-  				done
-                if test "x$link_program_options" != "xyes"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/boost_filesystem*.{dll,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^\(boost_filesystem.*\)\.dll.*$;\1;' -e 's;^\(boost_filesystem.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB) link_filesystem="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_filesystem="no"])
-  				done
-	            fi
-            else
-               for ax_lib in $ax_boost_user_filesystem_lib boost_filesystem-$ax_boost_user_filesystem_lib; do
-				      AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                   [BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_LIB) link_filesystem="yes"; break],
-                                   [link_filesystem="no"])
-                  done
-
-            fi
-			if test "x$link_filesystem" != "xyes"; then
-				AC_MSG_ERROR(Could not link against $ax_lib !)
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-    		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-		LIBS="$LIBS_SAVED"
-	fi
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_regex.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_regex.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ec2eda39f9..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_regex.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#         https://www.nongnu.org/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_regex.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_REGEX
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for Regex library from the Boost C++ libraries. The macro requires
-#   a preceding call to AX_BOOST_BASE. Further documentation is available at
-#   <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_REGEX_LIB)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST_REGEX
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Michael Tindal
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved.
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_REGEX],
-[
-	AC_ARG_WITH([boost-regex],
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-regex@<:@=special-lib@:>@],
-                   [use the Regex library from boost - it is possible to specify a certain library for the linker
-                        e.g. --with-boost-regex=boost_regex-gcc-mt-d-1_33_1 ]),
-        [
-        if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-			want_boost="no"
-        elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_regex_lib=""
-        else
-		    want_boost="yes"
-        	ax_boost_user_regex_lib="$withval"
-		fi
-        ],
-        [want_boost="yes"]
-	)
-
-	if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
-		CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		export CPPFLAGS
-
-		LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-		export LDFLAGS
-
-        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the Boost::Regex library is available,
-					   ax_cv_boost_regex,
-        [AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-			 AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <boost/regex.hpp>
-												]],
-                                   [[boost::regex r(); return 0;]]),
-                   ax_cv_boost_regex=yes, ax_cv_boost_regex=no)
-         AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-		])
-		if test "x$ax_cv_boost_regex" = "xyes"; then
-			AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST_REGEX,,[define if the Boost::Regex library is available])
-            BOOSTLIBDIR=`echo $BOOST_LDFLAGS | sed -e 's/@<:@^\/@:>@*//'`
-            if test "x$ax_boost_user_regex_lib" = "x"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/libboost_regex*.{so,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^lib\(boost_regex.*\)\.so.*$;\1;' -e 's;^lib\(boost_regex.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_REGEX_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_REGEX_LIB) link_regex="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_regex="no"])
-  				done
-                if test "x$link_regex" != "xyes"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/boost_regex*.{dll,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^\(boost_regex.*\)\.dll.*$;\1;' -e 's;^\(boost_regex.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_REGEX_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_REGEX_LIB) link_regex="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_regex="no"])
-  				done
-                fi
-
-            else
-               for ax_lib in $ax_boost_user_regex_lib boost_regex-$ax_boost_user_regex_lib; do
-				      AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, main,
-                                   [BOOST_REGEX_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_REGEX_LIB) link_regex="yes"; break],
-                                   [link_regex="no"])
-               done
-            fi
-			if test "x$link_regex" != "xyes"; then
-				AC_MSG_ERROR(Could not link against $ax_lib !)
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-    	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-	fi
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_system.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_system.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a4cb611b2d..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_system.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#      https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_system.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_SYSTEM
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for System library from the Boost C++ libraries. The macro requires
-#   a preceding call to AX_BOOST_BASE. Further documentation is available at
-#   <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST_SYSTEM
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Michael Tindal
-#   Copyright (c) 2008 Daniel Casimiro <dan.casimiro@gmail.com>
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
-#   warranty.
-
-#serial 7
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_SYSTEM],
-[
-	AC_ARG_WITH([boost-system],
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-system@<:@=special-lib@:>@],
-                   [use the System library from boost - it is possible to specify a certain library for the linker
-                        e.g. --with-boost-system=boost_system-gcc-mt ]),
-        [
-        if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-			want_boost="no"
-        elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_system_lib=""
-        else
-		    want_boost="yes"
-        	ax_boost_user_system_lib="$withval"
-		fi
-        ],
-        [want_boost="yes"]
-	)
-
-	if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_BUILD])
-		CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		export CPPFLAGS
-
-		LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-		export LDFLAGS
-
-        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the Boost::System library is available,
-					   ax_cv_boost_system,
-        [AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-			 CXXFLAGS_SAVE=$CXXFLAGS
-
-			 AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>]],
-                                   [[boost::system::system_category]]),
-                   ax_cv_boost_system=yes, ax_cv_boost_system=no)
-			 CXXFLAGS=$CXXFLAGS_SAVE
-             AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-		])
-		if test "x$ax_cv_boost_system" = "xyes"; then
-			AC_SUBST(BOOST_CPPFLAGS)
-
-			AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST_SYSTEM,,[define if the Boost::System library is available])
-            BOOSTLIBDIR=`echo $BOOST_LDFLAGS | sed -e 's/@<:@^\/@:>@*//'`
-
-			LDFLAGS_SAVE=$LDFLAGS
-            if test "x$ax_boost_user_system_lib" = "x"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/libboost_system*.{so,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^lib\(boost_system.*\)\.so.*$;\1;' -e 's;^lib\(boost_system.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB) link_system="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_system="no"])
-  				done
-                if test "x$link_system" != "xyes"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/boost_system*.{dll,a}* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^\(boost_system.*\)\.dll.*$;\1;' -e 's;^\(boost_system.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB) link_system="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_system="no"])
-  				done
-                fi
-
-            else
-               for ax_lib in $ax_boost_user_system_lib boost_system-$ax_boost_user_system_lib; do
-				      AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                   [BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_SYSTEM_LIB) link_system="yes"; break],
-                                   [link_system="no"])
-                  done
-
-            fi
-			if test "x$link_system" = "xno"; then
-				AC_MSG_ERROR(Could not link against $ax_lib !)
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-    	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-	fi
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_thread.m4 b/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_thread.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index bff7defa7ad..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/m4/m4_ax_boost_thread.m4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-# ===========================================================================
-#      https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_boost_thread.html
-# ===========================================================================
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   AX_BOOST_THREAD
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Test for Thread library from the Boost C++ libraries. The macro requires
-#   a preceding call to AX_BOOST_BASE. Further documentation is available at
-#   <https://www.randspringer.de/boost/index.html>.
-#
-#   This macro calls:
-#
-#     AC_SUBST(BOOST_THREAD_LIB)
-#
-#   And sets:
-#
-#     HAVE_BOOST_THREAD
-#
-# LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright (c) 2009 Thomas Porschberg <thomas@randspringer.de>
-#   Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Tindal
-#
-#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
-#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
-#   warranty.
-
-#serial 15
-
-AC_DEFUN([AX_BOOST_THREAD],
-[
-	AC_ARG_WITH([boost-thread],
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-boost-thread@<:@=special-lib@:>@],
-                   [use the Thread library from boost - it is possible to specify a certain library for the linker
-                        e.g. --with-boost-thread=boost_thread-gcc-mt ]),
-        [
-        if test "$withval" = "no"; then
-			want_boost="no"
-        elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
-            want_boost="yes"
-            ax_boost_user_thread_lib=""
-        else
-		    want_boost="yes"
-        	ax_boost_user_thread_lib="$withval"
-		fi
-        ],
-        [want_boost="yes"]
-	)
-
-	if test "x$want_boost" = "xyes"; then
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
-        AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_BUILD])
-		CPPFLAGS_SAVED="$CPPFLAGS"
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		export CPPFLAGS
-
-		LDFLAGS_SAVED="$LDFLAGS"
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-		export LDFLAGS
-
-        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the Boost::Thread library is available,
-					   ax_cv_boost_thread,
-        [AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
-			 CXXFLAGS_SAVE=$CXXFLAGS
-
-			 if test "x$build_os" = "xsolaris" ; then
-  				 CXXFLAGS="-pthreads $CXXFLAGS"
-			 elif test "x$build_os" = "xming32" ; then
-				 CXXFLAGS="-mthreads $CXXFLAGS"
-			 else
-				CXXFLAGS="-pthread $CXXFLAGS"
-			 fi
-			 AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>]],
-                                   [[boost::thread_group thrds;
-                                   return 0;]]),
-                   ax_cv_boost_thread=yes, ax_cv_boost_thread=no)
-			 CXXFLAGS=$CXXFLAGS_SAVE
-             AC_LANG_POP([C++])
-		])
-		if test "x$ax_cv_boost_thread" = "xyes"; then
-           if test "x$build_os" = "xsolaris" ; then
-			  BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-pthreads $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		   elif test "x$build_os" = "xming32" ; then
-			  BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-mthreads $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		   else
-			  BOOST_CPPFLAGS="-pthread $BOOST_CPPFLAGS"
-		   fi
-
-			AC_SUBST(BOOST_CPPFLAGS)
-
-			AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BOOST_THREAD,,[define if the Boost::Thread library is available])
-            BOOSTLIBDIR=`echo $BOOST_LDFLAGS | sed -e 's/@<:@^\/@:>@*//'`
-
-			LDFLAGS_SAVE=$LDFLAGS
-                        case "x$build_os" in
-                          *bsd* )
-                               LDFLAGS="-pthread $LDFLAGS"
-                          break;
-                          ;;
-                        esac
-            if test "x$ax_boost_user_thread_lib" = "x"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/libboost_thread*.so* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^lib\(boost_thread.*\)\.so.*$;\1;'` `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/libboost_thread*.a* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^lib\(boost_thread.*\)\.a*$;\1;'`; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_THREAD_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_THREAD_LIB) link_thread="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_thread="no"])
-  				done
-                if test "x$link_thread" != "xyes"; then
-                for libextension in `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/boost_thread*.dll* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^\(boost_thread.*\)\.dll.*$;\1;'` `ls $BOOSTLIBDIR/boost_thread*.a* 2>/dev/null | sed 's,.*/,,' | sed -e 's;^\(boost_thread.*\)\.a*$;\1;'` ; do
-                     ax_lib=${libextension}
-				    AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                 [BOOST_THREAD_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_THREAD_LIB) link_thread="yes"; break],
-                                 [link_thread="no"])
-  				done
-                fi
-
-            else
-               for ax_lib in $ax_boost_user_thread_lib boost_thread-$ax_boost_user_thread_lib; do
-				      AC_CHECK_LIB($ax_lib, exit,
-                                   [BOOST_THREAD_LIB="-l$ax_lib"; AC_SUBST(BOOST_THREAD_LIB) link_thread="yes"; break],
-                                   [link_thread="no"])
-                  done
-
-            fi
-			if test "x$link_thread" = "xno"; then
-				AC_MSG_ERROR(Could not link against $ax_lib !)
-                        else
-                           case "x$build_os" in
-                              *bsd* )
-			        BOOST_LDFLAGS="-pthread $BOOST_LDFLAGS"
-                              break;
-                              ;;
-                           esac
-
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_SAVED"
-    	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS_SAVED"
-	fi
-])
diff --git a/lang/c++/parser/AvroLex.ll b/lang/c++/parser/AvroLex.ll
deleted file mode 100644
index 6070e089a9e..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/parser/AvroLex.ll
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-%{
-/*
- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- distributed with this work for additional information
- regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- 
- https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- 
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-// on some systems, won't find an EOF definition
-#ifndef EOF
-#define EOF (-1)
-#endif
-
-#include "AvroYacc.hh"
-
-// this undef is a hack for my mac implementation
-#undef yyFlexLexer
-#include "Compiler.hh"
-
-#define YY_STACK_USED 1
-
-using std::cin;
-using std::cout;
-using std::cerr;
-
-%}
-
-%option c++
-%option noyywrap
-
-%{
-
-int yylex(int *val, void *ctx)
-{
-    avro::CompilerContext *c = static_cast<avro::CompilerContext *>(ctx);
-    int ret = c->lexer().yylex();
-    if( ret > AVRO_LEX_OUTPUT_TEXT_BEGIN && ret < AVRO_LEX_OUTPUT_TEXT_END ) {
-        c->setText( c->lexer().YYText()) ;
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
-%}
-
-%x READTYPE
-%x STARTTYPE
-%x STARTSCHEMA
-%x READNAME
-%x READFIELD
-%x READFIELDS
-%x READFIELDNAME
-%x READSYMBOLS
-%x READSYMBOL
-%x READSIZE
-%x INUNION
-%x INOBJECT
-%x READMETADATA
-%x SKIPJSONSTRING
-%x SKIPJSONARRAY
-%x SKIPJSONOBJECT
-
-ws [ \t\r\n]
-nonws [^ \t\r\n]
-delim {ws}*:{ws}*
-avrotext [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.]*
-startunion \[
-startobject \{
-integer [0-9]+
-anytext .*
-
-%%
-<READTYPE>int                   return AVRO_LEX_INT;
-<READTYPE>long                  return AVRO_LEX_LONG;
-<READTYPE>null                  return AVRO_LEX_NULL;
-<READTYPE>boolean               return AVRO_LEX_BOOL;
-<READTYPE>float                 return AVRO_LEX_FLOAT;
-<READTYPE>double                return AVRO_LEX_DOUBLE;
-<READTYPE>string                return AVRO_LEX_STRING;
-<READTYPE>bytes                 return AVRO_LEX_BYTES;
-<READTYPE>record                return AVRO_LEX_RECORD;
-<READTYPE>enum                  return AVRO_LEX_ENUM;
-<READTYPE>map                   return AVRO_LEX_MAP;
-<READTYPE>array                 return AVRO_LEX_ARRAY;
-<READTYPE>fixed                 return AVRO_LEX_FIXED;
-<READTYPE>{avrotext}            return AVRO_LEX_NAMED_TYPE;
-<READTYPE>\"                    yy_pop_state();
-
-<READNAME>{avrotext}            return AVRO_LEX_NAME;
-<READNAME>\"                    yy_pop_state();
-
-<READSYMBOL>{avrotext}          return AVRO_LEX_SYMBOL;
-<READSYMBOL>\"                  yy_pop_state();
-
-<READFIELDNAME>{avrotext}       return AVRO_LEX_FIELD_NAME;
-<READFIELDNAME>\"               yy_pop_state();
-
-<READFIELD>\"type\"{delim}      yy_push_state(STARTSCHEMA);
-<READFIELD>\"name\"{delim}\"    yy_push_state(READFIELDNAME);
-<READFIELD>\}                   yy_pop_state(); return AVRO_LEX_FIELD_END;
-<READFIELD>,                    return yytext[0];
-<READFIELD>\"{avrotext}\"+{delim}      yy_push_state(READMETADATA); return AVRO_LEX_METADATA;
-<READFIELD>{ws}                 ;
-
-<READFIELDS>\{                  yy_push_state(READFIELD); return AVRO_LEX_FIELD;
-<READFIELDS>\]                  yy_pop_state(); return AVRO_LEX_FIELDS_END;
-<READFIELDS>,                   return yytext[0];
-<READFIELDS>{ws}                ;
-
-<READSYMBOLS>\"                 yy_push_state(READSYMBOL);
-<READSYMBOLS>,                  return yytext[0];
-<READSYMBOLS>\]                 yy_pop_state(); return AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS_END;
-<READSYMBOLS>{ws}               ;
-
-<READSIZE>{integer}             yy_pop_state(); return AVRO_LEX_SIZE;
-
-<INUNION>\"                     yy_push_state(READTYPE); return AVRO_LEX_SIMPLE_TYPE;
-<INUNION>{startobject}          yy_push_state(INOBJECT); return yytext[0];
-<INUNION>\]                     yy_pop_state(); return yytext[0];
-<INUNION>,                      return yytext[0];
-<INUNION>{ws}                   ;
-
-<SKIPJSONSTRING>\"              yy_pop_state();
-<SKIPJSONSTRING>\\.             ;
-<SKIPJSONSTRING>[^\"\\]+        ;
-
-<SKIPJSONOBJECT>\}              yy_pop_state();
-<SKIPJSONOBJECT>\{              yy_push_state(SKIPJSONOBJECT);
-<SKIPJSONOBJECT>\"              yy_push_state(SKIPJSONSTRING);
-<SKIPJSONOBJECT>[^\{\}\"]+      ;
-
-<SKIPJSONARRAY>\]               yy_pop_state();
-<SKIPJSONARRAY>\[               yy_push_state(SKIPJSONARRAY);
-<SKIPJSONARRAY>\"               yy_push_state(SKIPJSONSTRING);
-<SKIPJSONARRAY>[^\[\]\"]+       ;
-
-<READMETADATA>\"                yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(SKIPJSONSTRING);
-<READMETADATA>\{                yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(SKIPJSONOBJECT);
-<READMETADATA>\[                yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(SKIPJSONARRAY);
-<READMETADATA>[^\"\{\[,\}]+     yy_pop_state();
-
-<INOBJECT>\"type\"{delim}       yy_push_state(STARTTYPE); return AVRO_LEX_TYPE;
-<INOBJECT>\"name\"{delim}\"     yy_push_state(READNAME);
-<INOBJECT>\"size\"{delim}       yy_push_state(READSIZE);
-<INOBJECT>\"items\"{delim}      yy_push_state(STARTSCHEMA); return AVRO_LEX_ITEMS;
-<INOBJECT>\"values\"{delim}     yy_push_state(STARTSCHEMA); return AVRO_LEX_VALUES;
-<INOBJECT>\"fields\"{delim}\[   yy_push_state(READFIELDS); return AVRO_LEX_FIELDS;
-<INOBJECT>\"symbols\"{delim}\[  yy_push_state(READSYMBOLS); return AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS;
-<INOBJECT>,                     return yytext[0];
-<INOBJECT>\}                    yy_pop_state(); return yytext[0];
-<INOBJECT>\"{avrotext}+\"{delim}       yy_push_state(READMETADATA); return AVRO_LEX_METADATA;
-<INOBJECT>{ws}                  ;
-
-<STARTTYPE>\"                   yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(READTYPE);
-<STARTTYPE>{startunion}         yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(INUNION); return yytext[0];
-<STARTTYPE>{startobject}        yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(INOBJECT); return yytext[0];
-
-<STARTSCHEMA>\"                 yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(READTYPE); return AVRO_LEX_SIMPLE_TYPE;
-<STARTSCHEMA>{startunion}       yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(INUNION); return yytext[0];
-<STARTSCHEMA>{startobject}      yy_pop_state(); yy_push_state(INOBJECT); return yytext[0];
-
-{startobject}                   yy_push_state(INOBJECT); return yytext[0];
-{startunion}                    yy_push_state(INUNION); return yytext[0];
-\"                              yy_push_state(READTYPE); return AVRO_LEX_SIMPLE_TYPE;
-{ws}                            ;
-<<EOF>>                         {
-#if !YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION || YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION < 27
-// The versions of flex before 3.5.27 do not free their stack when done, so explcitly free it.
-// Note that versions before did not actually define a subminor macro.
-                                    if (yy_start_stack) {
-                                        yy_flex_free(yy_start_stack);
-                                        yy_start_stack = 0;
-                                    }
-#endif
-#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION > 35
-// At this time, 3.5.35 is the latest version.
-#warning "Warning:  untested version of flex"
-#endif
-#if YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION >= 31 && YY_FLEX_SUBMINOR_VERSION < 34
-// The versions of flex starting 3.5.31 do not free yy_buffer_stack, so do so
-// explicitly (first yy_delete_buffer must be called to free pointers stored on the stack, then it is
-// safe to remove the stack).  This was fixed in 3.4.34.
-                                    if(yy_buffer_stack) {
-                                        yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER);
-                                        yyfree(yy_buffer_stack);
-                                        yy_buffer_stack = 0;
-                                    }
-#endif
-                                    yyterminate();
-                                }
-
-%%
-
diff --git a/lang/c++/parser/AvroYacc.yy b/lang/c++/parser/AvroYacc.yy
deleted file mode 100644
index 404d39585e3..00000000000
--- a/lang/c++/parser/AvroYacc.yy
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-%{
-/*
- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- distributed with this work for additional information
- regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- 
- https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- 
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#include <boost/format.hpp>
-#include "Compiler.hh"
-#include "Exception.hh"
-
-#define YYLEX_PARAM ctx
-#define YYPARSE_PARAM ctx
-
-void yyerror(const char *str)
-{
-    throw avro::Exception(boost::format("Parser error: %1%") % str);
-}
-
-extern void *lexer;
-extern int yylex(int *, void *);
-
-avro::CompilerContext &context(void *ctx) {
-    return *static_cast<avro::CompilerContext *>(ctx);
-};
-
-%}
-
-%pure-parser
-%error-verbose
-
-%token AVRO_LEX_INT AVRO_LEX_LONG
-%token AVRO_LEX_FLOAT AVRO_LEX_DOUBLE
-%token AVRO_LEX_BOOL AVRO_LEX_NULL
-%token AVRO_LEX_BYTES AVRO_LEX_STRING
-%token AVRO_LEX_RECORD AVRO_LEX_ENUM AVRO_LEX_ARRAY AVRO_LEX_MAP AVRO_LEX_UNION AVRO_LEX_FIXED
-
-%token AVRO_LEX_METADATA
-
-%token AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS_END
-%token AVRO_LEX_FIELDS AVRO_LEX_FIELDS_END AVRO_LEX_FIELD AVRO_LEX_FIELD_END
-
-%token AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_ITEMS AVRO_LEX_VALUES
-
-// Tokens that output text:
-%token AVRO_LEX_OUTPUT_TEXT_BEGIN
-%token AVRO_LEX_NAME
-%token AVRO_LEX_NAMED_TYPE
-%token AVRO_LEX_FIELD_NAME
-%token AVRO_LEX_SYMBOL
-%token AVRO_LEX_SIZE
-%token AVRO_LEX_OUTPUT_TEXT_END
-
-%token AVRO_LEX_SIMPLE_TYPE
-
-%%
-
-avroschema:
-        simpleprimitive | object | union_t
-        ;
-
-primitive:
-        AVRO_LEX_INT    { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_INT); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_LONG   { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_LONG); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_FLOAT  { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_FLOAT); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_DOUBLE { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_DOUBLE); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_BOOL   { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_BOOL); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_NULL   { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_NULL); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_BYTES  { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_BYTES); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_STRING { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_STRING); }
-        |
-        AVRO_LEX_NAMED_TYPE { context(ctx).addNamedType(); }
-        ;
-
-simpleprimitive:
-        AVRO_LEX_SIMPLE_TYPE { context(ctx).startType(); } primitive { context(ctx).stopType(); }
-        ;
-
-primitive_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE primitive
-        ;
-
-array_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_ARRAY { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_ARRAY); }
-        ;
-
-enum_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_ENUM { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_ENUM); }
-        ;
-
-fixed_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_FIXED { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_FIXED); }
-        ;
-
-map_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_MAP { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_MAP); }
-        ;
-
-record_t:
-        AVRO_LEX_TYPE AVRO_LEX_RECORD { context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_RECORD); }
-        ;
-
-type_attribute:
-        array_t | enum_t | fixed_t | map_t | record_t | primitive_t
-        ;
-
-union_t:
-        '[' { context(ctx).startType(); context(ctx).addType(avro::AVRO_UNION); context(ctx).setTypesAttribute(); }
-        unionlist
-        ']' { context(ctx).stopType(); }
-        ;
-
-object:
-        '{' { context(ctx).startType(); }
-         attributelist
-        '}' { context(ctx).stopType(); }
-        ;
-
-name_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_NAME { context(ctx).setNameAttribute(); }
-        ;
-
-size_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_SIZE { context(ctx).setSizeAttribute(); }
-        ;
-
-values_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_VALUES { context(ctx).setValuesAttribute(); } avroschema
-        ;
-
-fields_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_FIELDS { context(ctx).setFieldsAttribute(); } fieldslist AVRO_LEX_FIELDS_END
-        ;
-
-items_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_ITEMS { context(ctx).setItemsAttribute(); } avroschema
-        ;
-
-symbols_attribute:
-        AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS symbollist AVRO_LEX_SYMBOLS_END
-        ;
-
-attribute:
-        type_attribute | name_attribute | fields_attribute | items_attribute | size_attribute | values_attribute | symbols_attribute | AVRO_LEX_METADATA
-        ;
-
-attributelist:
-        attribute | attributelist ',' attribute
-        ;
-
-symbol:
-        AVRO_LEX_SYMBOL { context(ctx).setSymbolsAttribute(); }
-        ;
-
-symbollist:
-        symbol | symbollist ',' symbol
-        ;
-
-fieldsetting:
-        fieldname | avroschema | AVRO_LEX_METADATA
-        ;
-
-fieldsettinglist:
-        fieldsetting | fieldsettinglist ',' fieldsetting
-        ;
-
-fields:
-        AVRO_LEX_FIELD fieldsettinglist AVRO_LEX_FIELD_END
-        ;
-
-fieldname:
-        AVRO_LEX_FIELD_NAME { context(ctx).textContainsFieldName(); }
-        ;
-
-fieldslist:
-        fields | fieldslist ',' fields
-        ;
-
-unionlist:
-        avroschema | unionlist ',' avroschema
-        ;
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTestReservedWords.cc b/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTestReservedWords.cc
index 7d305fb44d9..e3b9838e5b0 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTestReservedWords.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTestReservedWords.cc
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 #include "cpp_reserved_words.hh"
+#include "cpp_reserved_words_union_typedef.hh"
 
 #include "Compiler.hh"
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 
 #ifdef min
 #undef min
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTests.cc
index 2130f818b55..d393e373dc8 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/AvrogencppTests.cc
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@
 #include "bigrecord_r.hh"
 #include "tweet.hh"
 #include "union_array_union.hh"
+#include "union_empty_record.hh"
 #include "union_map_union.hh"
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 
 #ifdef min
 #undef min
@@ -219,16 +220,16 @@ void testNamespace() {
     twPoint.set_AvroPoint(point);
 }
 
-void setRecord(uau::r1 &r) {
+void setRecord(uau::r1 &) {
 }
 
-void check(const uau::r1 &r1, const uau::r1 &r2) {
+void check(const uau::r1 &, const uau::r1 &) {
 }
 
-void setRecord(umu::r1 &r) {
+void setRecord(umu::r1 &) {
 }
 
-void check(const umu::r1 &r1, const umu::r1 &r2) {
+void check(const umu::r1 &, const umu::r1 &) {
 }
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -267,13 +268,45 @@ void testEncoding2() {
     check(t2, t1);
 }
 
-boost::unit_test::test_suite *
-init_unit_test_suite(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
+void testEmptyRecord() {
+    uer::StackCalculator calc;
+    uer::StackCalculator::stack_item_t item;
+    item.set_int(3);
+    calc.stack.push_back(item);
+    item.set_Dup(uer::Dup());
+    calc.stack.push_back(item);
+    item.set_Add(uer::Add());
+    calc.stack.push_back(item);
+
+    ValidSchema s;
+    ifstream ifs("jsonschemas/union_empty_record");
+    compileJsonSchema(ifs, s);
+
+    unique_ptr<OutputStream> os = memoryOutputStream();
+    EncoderPtr e = validatingEncoder(s, binaryEncoder());
+    e->init(*os);
+    avro::encode(*e, calc);
+    e->flush();
+
+    DecoderPtr d = validatingDecoder(s, binaryDecoder());
+    unique_ptr<InputStream> is = memoryInputStream(*os);
+    d->init(*is);
+    uer::StackCalculator calc2;
+    avro::decode(*d, calc2);
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(calc.stack.size(), calc2.stack.size());
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(calc2.stack[0].idx(), 0);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(calc2.stack[1].idx(), 1);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(calc2.stack[2].idx(), 2);
+}
+
+boost::unit_test::test_suite *init_unit_test_suite(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
     auto *ts = BOOST_TEST_SUITE("Code generator tests");
     ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testEncoding));
     ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testResolution));
     ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testEncoding2<uau::r1>));
     ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testEncoding2<umu::r1>));
     ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testNamespace));
+    ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(testEmptyRecord));
     return ts;
 }
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/CodecTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/CodecTests.cc
index a99cdd67498..fb888778368 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/CodecTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/CodecTests.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "Specific.hh"
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
 
-#include <boost/bind.hpp>
+#include <boost/bind/bind.hpp>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <stack>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/math/special_functions/fpclassify.hpp>
 #include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/parameterized_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static const unsigned int count = 10;
  * promote data type, convert from union to plain data type and vice versa,
  * insert or remove fields in records or reorder fields in a record.
  *
- * To test Json encoder and decoder, we use the same technqiue with only
+ * To test Json encoder and decoder, we use the same technique with only
  * one difference - we use JsonEncoder and JsonDecoder.
  *
  * We also use the same infrastructure to test GenericReader and GenericWriter.
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ static string randomString(size_t len) {
         if (c == '\0') {
             c = '\x7f';
         }
-        result.push_back(c);
+        result.push_back(static_cast<char>(c));
     }
     return result;
 }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ static vector<uint8_t> randomBytes(size_t len) {
     vector<uint8_t> result;
     result.reserve(len);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        result.push_back(rnd());
+        result.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(rnd()));
     }
     return result;
 }
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ struct StackElement {
 };
 } // namespace
 
-static vector<string>::const_iterator skipCalls(Scanner &sc, Decoder &d,
+static vector<string>::const_iterator skipCalls(Scanner &sc, Decoder &,
                                                 vector<string>::const_iterator it, bool isArray) {
     char end = isArray ? ']' : '}';
     int level = 0;
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ static vector<string>::const_iterator skipCalls(Scanner &sc, Decoder &d,
             case 'K':
             case 'b':
             case 'f':
-            case 'e': ++it; // Fall through.
+            case 'e': ++it; [[fallthrough]];
             case 'c':
             case 'U':
                 sc.extractInt();
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ ValidSchema makeValidSchema(const char *schema) {
     istringstream iss(schema);
     ValidSchema vs;
     compileJsonSchema(iss, vs);
-    return ValidSchema(vs);
+    return vs;
 }
 
 void testEncoder(const EncoderPtr &e, const char *writerCalls,
@@ -594,7 +594,6 @@ struct TestData4 {
     const char *readerCalls;
     const char *readerValues[100];
     unsigned int depth;
-    size_t recordCount;
 };
 
 void appendSentinel(OutputStream &os) {
@@ -838,7 +837,7 @@ void testGenericResolving(const TestData3 &td) {
         GenericReader gr(wvs, rvs, d1);
         GenericDatum datum;
         gr.read(datum);
-        d1->drain();
+        gr.drain();
         assertSentinel(*in1);
 
         EncoderPtr e2 = CodecFactory::newEncoder(rvs);
@@ -963,6 +962,11 @@ static const TestData data[] = {
     {R"({"type":"map", "values": "boolean"})",
      "{c1sK5Bc2sK5BsK5B}", 2},
 
+    // Record with no fields
+    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"empty\",\"fields\":[]}",
+     "", 1},
+
+    // Single-field records
     {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
      "{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
      "B", 1},
@@ -1002,6 +1006,16 @@ static const TestData data[] = {
      "{\"name\":\"f7\", \"type\":\"bytes\"}]}",
      "NBILFDS10b25", 1},
     // record of records
+    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
+     "{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},"
+     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":{\"type\":\"record\","
+     "\"name\":\"inner\",\"fields\":[]}}]}",
+     "B", 1},
+    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
+     "{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},"
+     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":{\"type\":\"array\","
+     "\"items\":\"r\"}}]}",
+     "B[]", 1},
     {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
      "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\":\"record\", "
      "\"name\":\"inner\", \"fields\":["
@@ -1264,249 +1278,558 @@ static const TestData3 data3[] = {
 
     {R"(["boolean", "int"])", "U1I", R"(["boolean", "long"])", "U1L", 1},
     {R"(["boolean", "int"])", "U1I", R"(["long", "boolean"])", "U0L", 1},
+
+    // Aliases
+    {R"({"type": "record", "name": "r", "fields": [
+        {"name": "f0", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "f1", "type": "boolean"},
+        {"name": "f2", "type": "double"}]})",
+     "IBD",
+     R"({"type":"record", "name":"s", "aliases":["r"], "fields":[
+        {"name":"g0", "type":"int", "aliases":["f0"]},
+        {"name":"g1", "type":"boolean", "aliases":["f1"]},
+        {"name":"f2", "type":"double", "aliases":["g2"]}]})",
+     "IBD",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "record", "name": "r", "namespace": "n", "fields": [
+     {"name": "f0", "type": "int"}]})",
+     "I",
+     R"({"type": "record", "name": "s", "namespace": "n2", "aliases": ["t", "n.r"], "fields":[
+       {"name": "f0", "type": "int"}]})",
+     "I",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "enum", "name": "e", "symbols": ["a", "b"]})",
+     "e1",
+     R"({"type": "enum", "name": "f", "aliases": ["e"], "symbols":["a", "b", "c"]})",
+     "e1",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "enum", "name": "e", "namespace": "n", "symbols": ["a", "b"]})",
+     "e1",
+     R"({"type": "enum", "name": "f", "namespace": "n2", "aliases": ["g", "n.e"], "symbols": ["a", "b"]})",
+     "e1",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "fixed", "name": "f", "size": 8})",
+     "f8",
+     R"({"type": "fixed", "name": "g", "aliases": ["f"], "size": 8})",
+     "f8",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "fixed", "name": "f", "namespace": "n", "size": 8})",
+     "f8",
+     R"({"type": "fixed", "name": "g", "namespace": "n2", "aliases": ["h", "n.f"], "size": 8})",
+     "f8",
+     1},
+    {R"({"type": "record", "name": "r1", "fields": [
+     {"name": "f1", "type": ["null", {"type": "record", "name": "r2", "fields": [{"name": "f11", "type": "string"}]}]},
+     {"name": "f2", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "r2"}}
+     ]})",
+     "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3]",
+     R"({"type": "record", "name": "r1", "fields": [
+     {"name": "f1", "type": [
+         "null",
+         {"type": "record", "name": "r2", "fields": [{"name": "f11", "type": "string"}]},
+         {"type": "record", "name": "r3", "fields": [
+             {"name": "g11", "type": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "record", "name": "r31", "fields": [{"name": "g111", "type": "double"}]}}}
+         ]}
+     ]},
+     {"name": "f2", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "r2"}},
+     {"name": "f3", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "r3"}, "default": []}
+     ]})",
+     "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3][]",
+     1},
+    {
+      R"({"name": "Project", "type": "record", "fields": [
+        { "name": "_types", "type": [
+            "null",
+            { "name": "Record1", "type": "record", "fields": [{ "name": "Record1_field1", "type": "string" }]}
+        ]},
+        { "name": "field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record1" } }
+      ]})",
+        "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3]",
+      R"({"name": "Project", "type": "record", "fields": [
+        { "name": "_types", "type": [
+            "null",
+            { "name": "Record1", "type": "record", "fields": [{ "name": "Record1_field1", "type": "string" }]},
+            { "name": "Record3", "type": "record", "fields": [
+                { "name": "Record3_field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": { "name": "Record2", "type": "record",
+                     "fields":[{ "name": "Record2_field1", "type": "double" }]}
+                }}
+            ]}
+        ]},
+        { "name": "field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record1" } },
+        { "name": "field2", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record3" }, "default": [] }
+      ]})",
+        "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3][]",
+        1},
+    {
+        R"({"name": "Project", "type": "record", "fields": [
+        { "name": "_types", "type": [
+            "null",
+            { "name": "Record1", "type": "record", "fields": [{ "name": "Record1_field1", "type": "string" }]},
+            { "name": "Record3", "type": "record", "fields": [
+                { "name": "Record3_field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": { "name": "Record2", "type": "record",
+                     "fields":[{ "name": "Record2_field1", "type": "double" }]}
+                }}
+            ]}
+        ]},
+        { "name": "field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record1" } },
+        { "name": "field2", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record3" }, "default": [] }
+      ]})",
+        "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3][]",
+      R"({"name": "Project", "type": "record", "fields": [
+        { "name": "_types", "type": [
+            "null",
+            { "name": "Record1", "type": "record", "fields": [{ "name": "Record1_field1", "type": "string" }]}
+        ]},
+        { "name": "field1", "type": { "type": "array", "items": "Record1" } }
+      ]})",
+        "U0N[c3sS1sS2sS3]",
+        1},
 };
 
 static const TestData4 data4[] = {
     // Projection
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"string\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f3\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
-     "S10S10IS10S10I",
-     {"s1", "s2", "100", "t1", "t2", "200", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}",
-     "RS10S10RS10S10",
-     {"s1", "s2", "t1", "t2", nullptr},
-     1,
-     2},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "string"},
+                {"name": "f2", "type": "string"},
+                {"name": "f3", "type": "int"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "S10S10IS10S10I",
+        {"s1", "s2", "100", "t1", "t2", "200", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "string"},
+                {"name": "f2", "type": "string"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "RS10S10RS10S10",
+        {"s1", "s2", "t1", "t2", nullptr},
+        1},
 
     // Reordered fields
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}",
-     "IS10",
-     {"10", "hello", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"string\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\"}]}",
-     "RLS10",
-     {"10", "hello", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "int"},
+                {"name": "f2", "type": "string"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "IS10",
+        {"10", "hello", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f2", "type": "string" },
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "long"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "RLS10",
+        {"10", "hello", nullptr},
+        1},
 
     // Default values
-    {R"({"type":"record","name":"r","fields":[]})", "", {nullptr}, "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-                                                                   "{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\":\"int\", \"default\": 100}]}",
-     "RI",
-     {"100", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
-
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
+    {
+        R"({"type": "record", "name": "r", "fields": []})",
+        "",
+        {nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "int", "default": 100}]
+        })",
+        "RI",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        1},
+
+    {R"({"type": "record", "name": "r", "fields": [{"name": "f2", "type": "int"}]})",
      "I",
      {"10", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\", \"default\": 101},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
+     R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "int", "default": 101},
+                {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+            ]
+        })",
      "RII",
      {"10", "101", nullptr},
-     1,
      1},
 
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}}, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}",
-     "IL",
-     {"10", "11", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\", \"default\": 101},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}}, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}}",
-     "RRIIL",
-     {"10", "101", "11", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner",
+                        "fields": [{"name": "f2", "type": "int"}]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "IL",
+        {"10", "11", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "f1",
+                                "type": "int",
+                                "default": 101
+                            },
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "RRIIL",
+        {"10", "101", "11", nullptr},
+        1},
 
     // Default value for a record.
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner1\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}] } }, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}",
-     "LIL",
-     {"10", "12", "13", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner1\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}] } }, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"},"
-     "{\"name\": \"g3\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner2\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}] }, "
-     "\"default\": { \"f1\": 15, \"f2\": 101 } }] } ",
-     "RRLILRLI",
-     {"10", "12", "13", "15", "101", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner1",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "LIL",
+        {"10", "12", "13", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner1",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"},
+                {
+                    "name": "g3",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner2",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "default": {"f1": 15, "f2": 101}
+                }
+            ]
+        })",
+        "RRLILRLI",
+        {"10", "12", "13", "15", "101", nullptr},
+        1},
 
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner1\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}] } }, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}",
-     "LIL",
-     {"10", "12", "13", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner1\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\" },"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}] } }, "
-     "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"},"
-     "{\"name\": \"g3\", "
-     "\"type\":\"inner1\", "
-     "\"default\": { \"f1\": 15, \"f2\": 101 } }] } ",
-     "RRLILRLI",
-     {"10", "12", "13", "15", "101", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner1",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "LIL",
+        {"10", "12", "13", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner1",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                            {"name": "f2", "type": "int"}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {"name": "g2", "type": "long"},
+                {
+                    "name": "g3",
+                    "type": "inner1",
+                    "default": {"f1": 15, "f2": 101}
+                }
+            ]
+        })",
+        "RRLILRLI",
+        {"10", "12", "13", "15", "101", nullptr},
+        1},
 
-    {R"({"type":"record","name":"r","fields":[]})", "", {nullptr}, "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-                                                                   "{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\":{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\" },"
-                                                                   "\"default\": [100]}]}",
-     "[c1sI]",
-     {"100", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    // TODO mkmkme HERE
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": []
+        })",
+        "",
+        {nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f",
+                    "type": {"type": "array", "items": "int"},
+                    "default": [100]
+                }
+            ]
+        })",
+        "[c1sI]",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        1},
 
-    {"{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\":\"record\","
-     "\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f0\", \"type\": \"int\"}]} }",
-     "[c1sI]",
-     {"99", nullptr},
-     "{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\":\"record\","
-     "\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\":\"int\", \"default\": 100}]} }",
-     "[Rc1sI]",
-     {"100", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "r",
+                "fields": [{"name": "f0", "type": "int"}]
+            }
+        })",
+        "[c1sI]",
+        {"99", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "r",
+                "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "int", "default": 100}]
+            }
+        })",
+        "[Rc1sI]",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        1},
 
     // Record of array of record with deleted field as last field
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\","
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{"
-     "\"name\":\"item\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\": \"long\", \"default\": 0}]}}}]}",
-     "[c1sIL]",
-     {"10", "11", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\": \"g1\","
-     "\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{"
-     "\"name\":\"item\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}}}]}",
-     "R[c1sI]",
-     {"10", nullptr},
-     2,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "name": "item",
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {"name": "f1", "type": "int"},
+                                {"name": "f2", "type": "long", "default": 0}
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        })",
+        "[c1sIL]",
+        {"10", "11", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "outer",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "g1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "name": "item",
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "fields": [{"name": "f1", "type": "int"}]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        })",
+        "R[c1sI]",
+        {"10", nullptr},
+        2},
 
     // Enum resolution
-    {R"({"type":"enum","name":"e","symbols":["x","y","z"]})",
-     "e2",
-     {nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"enum","name":"e","symbols":[ "y", "z" ]})",
-     "e1",
-     {nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
-
-    {R"({"type":"enum","name":"e","symbols":[ "x", "y" ]})",
+    {
+        R"({"type":"enum","name":"e","symbols":["x","y","z"]})",
+        "e2",
+        {nullptr},
+        R"({"type": "enum", "name": "e", "symbols": ["y", "z"]})",
+        "e1",
+        {nullptr},
+        1},
+
+    {R"({"type": "enum", "name": "e", "symbols": ["x", "y"]})",
      "e1",
      {nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"enum","name":"e","symbols":[ "y", "z" ]})",
+     R"({"type": "enum", "name": "e", "symbols": ["y", "z"]})",
      "e0",
      {nullptr},
-     1,
      1},
 
     // Union
-    {"\"int\"", "I", {"100", nullptr}, R"([ "long", "int"])", "U1I", {"100", nullptr}, 1, 1},
-
-    {R"([ "long", "int"])", "U1I", {"100", nullptr}, "\"int\"", "I", {"100", nullptr}, 1, 1},
+    {
+        R"("int")",
+        "I",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        R"(["long", "int"])",
+        "U1I",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        1},
+
+    {R"(["long", "int"])",
+     "U1I",
+     {"100", nullptr},
+     R"("int")",
+     "I",
+     {"100", nullptr},
+     1},
 
     // Arrray of unions
-    {R"({"type":"array", "items":[ "long", "int"]})",
-     "[c2sU1IsU1I]",
-     {"100", "100", nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"array", "items": "int"})",
-     "[c2sIsI]",
-     {"100", "100", nullptr},
-     2,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({"type": "array", "items": ["long", "int"]})",
+        "[c2sU1IsU1I]",
+        {"100", "100", nullptr},
+        R"({"type":"array", "items": "int"})",
+        "[c2sIsI]",
+        {"100", "100", nullptr},
+        2},
 
     // Map of unions
-    {R"({"type":"map", "values":[ "long", "int"]})",
-     "{c2sS10U1IsS10U1I}",
-     {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"map", "values": "int"})",
-     "{c2sS10IsS10I}",
-     {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
-     2,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({"type": "map", "values": ["long", "int"]})",
+        "{c2sS10U1IsS10U1I}",
+        {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
+        R"({"type":"map", "values": "int"})",
+        "{c2sS10IsS10I}",
+        {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
+        2},
 
     // Union + promotion
-    {"\"int\"", "I", {"100", nullptr}, R"([ "long", "string"])", "U0L", {"100", nullptr}, 1, 1},
-
-    {R"([ "int", "string"])", "U0I", {"100", nullptr}, "\"long\"", "L", {"100", nullptr}, 1, 1},
+    {
+        R"("int")",
+        "I",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        R"(["long", "string"])",
+        "U0L",
+        {"100", nullptr},
+        1},
+
+    {R"(["int", "string"])",
+     "U0I",
+     {"100", nullptr},
+     R"("long")",
+     "L",
+     {"100", nullptr},
+     1},
 
     // Record where union field is skipped.
-    {"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f0\", \"type\":\"boolean\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f3\", \"type\":\"float\"}"
-     "]}",
-     "BIU0IF",
-     {"1", "100", "121", "10.75", nullptr},
-     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":["
-     "{\"name\":\"f0\", \"type\":\"boolean\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\"},"
-     "{\"name\":\"f3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}",
-     "BLD",
-     {"1", "100", "10.75", nullptr},
-     1,
-     1},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f0", "type": "boolean"},
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "int"},
+                {"name": "f2", "type": ["int", "long"]},
+                {"name": "f3", "type": "float"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "BIU0IF",
+        {"1", "100", "121", "10.75", nullptr},
+        R"({
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "r",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "f0", "type": "boolean"},
+                {"name": "f1", "type": "long"},
+                {"name": "f3", "type": "double"}
+            ]
+        })",
+        "BLD",
+        {"1", "100", "10.75", nullptr},
+        1},
 };
 
 static const TestData4 data4BinaryOnly[] = {
     // Arrray of unions
-    {R"({"type":"array", "items":[ "long", "int"]})",
-     "[c1sU1Ic1sU1I]",
-     {"100", "100", nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"array", "items": "int"})",
-     "[c1sIc1sI]",
-     {"100", "100", nullptr},
-     2},
+    {
+        R"({
+            "type":"array",
+            "items": ["long", "int"]
+        })",
+        "[c1sU1Ic1sU1I]",
+        {"100", "100", nullptr},
+        R"({"type":"array", "items": "int"})",
+        "[c1sIc1sI]",
+        {"100", "100", nullptr},
+        2},
 
     // Map of unions
-    {R"({"type":"map", "values":[ "long", "int"]})",
-     "{c1sS10U1Ic1sS10U1I}",
-     {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
-     R"({"type":"map", "values": "int"})",
-     "{c1sS10Ic1sS10I}",
-     {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
-     2},
+    {
+        R"({"type":"map", "values":[ "long", "int"]})",
+        "{c1sS10U1Ic1sS10U1I}",
+        {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
+        R"({"type":"map", "values": "int"})",
+        "{c1sS10Ic1sS10I}",
+        {"k1", "100", "k2", "100", nullptr},
+        2},
 };
 
 #define COUNTOF(x) sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0])
@@ -1524,13 +1847,13 @@ Test testWithData(const Test &test, const Data &) {
         testWithData(&testFunc<Factory>, data), data, data + COUNTOF(data)))
 
 struct BinaryEncoderFactory {
-    static EncoderPtr newEncoder(const ValidSchema &schema) {
+    static EncoderPtr newEncoder(const ValidSchema &) {
         return binaryEncoder();
     }
 };
 
 struct BinaryDecoderFactory {
-    static DecoderPtr newDecoder(const ValidSchema &schema) {
+    static DecoderPtr newDecoder(const ValidSchema &) {
         return binaryDecoder();
     }
 };
@@ -1791,7 +2114,7 @@ static void testByteCount() {
 } // namespace avro
 
 boost::unit_test::test_suite *
-init_unit_test_suite(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+init_unit_test_suite(int, char *[]) {
     using namespace boost::unit_test;
 
     auto *ts = BOOST_TEST_SUITE("Avro C++ unit tests for codecs");
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/CommonsSchemasTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/CommonsSchemasTests.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84ee74928be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c++/test/CommonsSchemasTests.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "Compiler.hh"
+#include "DataFile.hh"
+#include "Generic.hh"
+#include "ValidSchema.hh"
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+using avro::DataFileReader;
+using avro::DataFileWriter;
+using avro::GenericDatum;
+using avro::GenericReader;
+using avro::validatingDecoder;
+
+void testCommonSchema(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    const std::filesystem::path &schemaFile = dir_path / "schema.json";
+    std::ifstream in(schemaFile.c_str());
+
+    avro::ValidSchema schema;
+    avro::compileJsonSchema(in, schema);
+
+    const std::filesystem::path &dataFile = dir_path / "data.avro";
+
+    GenericDatum datum(schema);
+    const std::filesystem::path &outputDataFile = dir_path / "data_out.avro";
+
+    DataFileReader<GenericDatum> reader(dataFile.c_str());
+    DataFileWriter<GenericDatum> writer(outputDataFile.c_str(), schema);
+
+    while (reader.read(datum)) {
+        datum.value<avro::GenericRecord>();
+        writer.write(datum);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    reader.close();
+
+    GenericDatum datumOrig(schema);
+    GenericDatum datumNew(schema);
+
+    DataFileReader<GenericDatum> readerOrig(dataFile.c_str());
+    DataFileReader<GenericDatum> readerNew(outputDataFile.c_str());
+    while (readerOrig.read(datumOrig)) {
+        BOOST_CHECK(readerNew.read(datumNew));
+        avro::GenericRecord &rec1 = datumOrig.value<avro::GenericRecord>();
+        avro::GenericRecord &rec2 = datumNew.value<avro::GenericRecord>();
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(rec1.fieldCount(), rec2.fieldCount());
+    }
+    BOOST_CHECK(!readerNew.read(datumNew));
+
+    std::filesystem::remove(outputDataFile);
+}
+
+void testCommonsSchemas() {
+    const std::filesystem::path commons_schemas{"../../share/test/data/schemas"};
+    if (!std::filesystem::exists(commons_schemas)) {
+        std::cout << "\nWarn: Can't access share test folder '../../share/test/data/schemas'\n"
+                  << std::endl;
+        return;
+    }
+    for (auto const &dir_entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator{commons_schemas}) {
+        if (std::filesystem::is_directory(dir_entry)) {
+            testCommonSchema(dir_entry.path());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+boost::unit_test::test_suite *
+init_unit_test_suite(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
+    using namespace boost::unit_test;
+
+    auto *ts = BOOST_TEST_SUITE("Avro C++ unit tests for commons schemas");
+    ts->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE(&testCommonsSchemas));
+    return ts;
+}
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/CompilerTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/CompilerTests.cc
index e3d4426a3c6..6fa5344ac1a 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/CompilerTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/CompilerTests.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <sstream>
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 #include "Compiler.hh"
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/DataFileTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/DataFileTests.cc
index fec7f316a4c..ad6796fbcf8 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/DataFileTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/DataFileTests.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
 #include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
 #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static ValidSchema makeValidSchema(const char *schema) {
     istringstream iss(schema);
     ValidSchema vs;
     compileJsonSchema(iss, vs);
-    return ValidSchema(vs);
+    return vs;
 }
 
 static const char sch[] = "{\"type\": \"record\","
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class DataFileTest {
 #endif
 
     void testWriteWithCodec(avro::Codec codec) {
-        avro::DataFileWriter<ComplexInteger> df(filename, writerSchema, 100);
+        avro::DataFileWriter<ComplexInteger> df(filename, writerSchema, 100, codec);
         int64_t re = 3;
         int64_t im = 5;
         for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i, re *= im, im += 3) {
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class DataFileTest {
         }
         std::set<pair<int64_t, int64_t>> actual;
         int num = 0;
-        for (int i = sync_points.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+        for (ssize_t i = sync_points.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
             df.seek(sync_points[i]);
             ComplexInteger ci;
             // Subtract avro::SyncSize here because sync and pastSync
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ class DataFileTest {
         avro::DataFileReader<ComplexInteger> df(filename, writerSchema);
         std::ifstream just_for_length(
             filename, std::ifstream::ate | std::ifstream::binary);
-        int length = just_for_length.tellg();
+        int length = static_cast<int>(just_for_length.tellg());
         int splits = 10;
         int end = length;     // end of split
         int remaining = end;  // bytes remaining
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class DataFileTest {
         }
         {
             avro::DataFileReader<ComplexInteger> reader(filename, dschema);
-            std::vector<int> found;
+            std::vector<int64_t> found;
             ComplexInteger record;
             while (reader.read(record)) {
                 found.push_back(record.re);
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ void testReadRecordEfficientlyUsingLastSync(avro::Codec codec) {
         std::unique_ptr<avro::InputStream>
             inputStream = avro::memoryInputStream(stitchedData.data(), stitchedData.size());
 
-        int recordsUptoRecordToRead = recordToRead - recordsUptoLastSync;
+        size_t recordsUptoRecordToRead = recordToRead - recordsUptoLastSync;
 
         // Ensure this is not the first record in the chunk.
         BOOST_CHECK_GT(recordsUptoRecordToRead, 0);
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ void testReadRecordEfficientlyUsingLastSync(avro::Codec codec) {
         avro::DataFileReader<TestRecord> df(std::move(inputStream));
         TestRecord readRecord("", 0);
         //::printf("\nReading %d rows until specific record is reached", recordsUptoRecordToRead);
-        for (int index = 0; index < recordsUptoRecordToRead; index++) {
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < recordsUptoRecordToRead; index++) {
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(df.read(readRecord), true);
 
             int64_t expectedId = (recordToRead - recordsUptoRecordToRead + index);
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ void testReadRecordEfficientlyUsingLastSyncSnappyCodec() {
 #endif
 
 test_suite *
-init_unit_test_suite(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+init_unit_test_suite(int, char *[]) {
     {
         auto *ts = BOOST_TEST_SUITE("DataFile tests: test0.df");
         shared_ptr<DataFileTest> t1(new DataFileTest("test1.d0", sch, isch, 0));
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/JsonTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/JsonTests.cc
index 3832e691317..afaa20f1ac4 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/JsonTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/JsonTests.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/parameterized_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
@@ -65,9 +65,13 @@ TestData<const char *> stringData[] = {
     {R"("\U000a")", EntityType::String, "\n", R"("\n")"},
     {R"("\u000a")", EntityType::String, "\n", R"("\n")"},
     {R"("\"")", EntityType::String, "\"", R"("\"")"},
-    {R"("\/")", EntityType::String, "/", R"("\/")"},
+    // While a solidus may be escaped according to the JSON standard, it need not be escaped.
+    {R"("/\/")", EntityType::String, "//", R"("//")"},
+    {R"("\b\f\n\r\t")", EntityType::String, "\b\f\n\r\t", R"("\b\f\n\r\t")"},
     {R"("\u20ac")", EntityType::String, "\xe2\x82\xac", R"("\u20ac")"},
     {R"("\u03c0")", EntityType::String, "\xcf\x80", R"("\u03c0")"},
+    {R"("hello\n")", EntityType::String, "hello\n", R"("hello\n")"},
+    {R"("\Ud8ab\udccd")", EntityType::String, "\xf0\xba\xb3\x8d", R"("\ud8ab\udccd")"},
 };
 
 void testBool(const TestData<bool> &d) {
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/LargeSchemaTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/LargeSchemaTests.cc
index a12974c0f75..d99e70988ae 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/LargeSchemaTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/LargeSchemaTests.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/parameterized_test.hpp>
 
 void testLargeSchema() {
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/SchemaTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/SchemaTests.cc
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3195eabd003..543f9e05087
--- a/lang/c++/test/SchemaTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/SchemaTests.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "GenericDatum.hh"
 #include "ValidSchema.hh"
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/parameterized_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
@@ -105,7 +105,13 @@ const char *basicSchemas[] = {
     // namespace with '$' in it.
     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"namespace\":\"a.b$\",\"fields\":"
     "[{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"long\"}]}",
-};
+
+    // Custom attribute(s) for field in record
+    "{\"type\": \"record\",\"name\": \"Test\",\"fields\": "
+    "[{\"name\": \"f1\",\"type\": \"long\",\"extra field\": \"1\"}]}",
+    "{\"type\": \"record\",\"name\": \"Test\",\"fields\": "
+    "[{\"name\": \"f1\",\"type\": \"long\","
+    "\"extra field1\": \"1\",\"extra field2\": \"2\"}]}"};
 
 const char *basicSchemaErrors[] = {
     // Record
@@ -217,6 +223,15 @@ const char *roundTripSchemas[] = {
     // namespace with '$' in it.
     "{\"type\":\"record\",\"namespace\":\"a.b$\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"fields\":"
     "[{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"long\"}]}",
+
+    // Custom fields
+    "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"fields\":"
+    "[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"long\",\"extra_field\":\"1\"},"
+    "{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}",
+    "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"fields\":"
+    "[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"long\",\"extra_field\":\"1\"},"
+    "{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\":\"int\","
+    "\"extra_field1\":\"21\",\"extra_field2\":\"22\"}]}",
 };
 
 const char *malformedLogicalTypes[] = {
@@ -352,7 +367,7 @@ static void testLogicalTypes() {
         \"logicalType\": \"uuid\"\n\
     }";
     // AVRO-2923 Union with LogicalType
-    const char* unionType = "[\n\
+    const char *unionType = "[\n\
         {\"type\":\"string\", \"logicalType\":\"uuid\"},\"null\"\n\
     ]";
     {
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/SpecificTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/SpecificTests.cc
index e027f9518d2..72f2897e45b 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/SpecificTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/SpecificTests.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 #include "Specific.hh"
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/StreamTests.cc b/lang/c++/test/StreamTests.cc
index 262e0600a32..2096197ef18 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/StreamTests.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/StreamTests.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "Exception.hh"
 #include "Stream.hh"
 #include "boost/filesystem.hpp"
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/test/parameterized_test.hpp>
 
 namespace avro {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct Fill1 {
         StreamWriter w;
         w.reset(os);
         for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-            w.write(i % 10 + '0');
+            w.write(static_cast<uint8_t>(i % 10 + '0'));
         }
         w.flush();
     }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct Fill2 {
             os.next(&b, &n);
             size_t j = 0;
             for (; i < len && j < n; ++j, ++i, ++b) {
-                *b = i % 10 + '0';
+                *b = static_cast<uint8_t>(i % 10 + '0');
             }
             if (i == len) {
                 os.backup(n - j);
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ void testNonEmpty_memoryStream(const TestData &td) {
 void testNonEmpty2(const TestData &td) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> v;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < td.dataSize; ++i) {
-        v.push_back(i % 10 + '0');
+        v.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i % 10 + '0'));
     }
 
     uint8_t v2 = 0;
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/buffertest.cc b/lang/c++/test/buffertest.cc
index 1881028593b..23e0e806c21 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/buffertest.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/buffertest.cc
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 
-#include <boost/bind.hpp>
+#include <boost/bind/bind.hpp>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_BOOST_ASIO
 #include <boost/asio.hpp>
@@ -34,19 +34,18 @@ using detail::kMinBlockSize;
 using std::cout;
 using std::endl;
 
+// Make a string of repeating 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789...
 std::string makeString(size_t len) {
-    std::string newstring;
-    newstring.reserve(len);
+    std::string result;
+    result.reserve(len);
+
+    constexpr char chars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        char newchar = '0' + i % 16;
-        if (newchar > '9') {
-            newchar += 7;
-        }
-        newstring.push_back(newchar);
+        result.push_back(chars[i % 16]);
     }
 
-    return newstring;
+    return result;
 }
 
 void printBuffer(const InputBuffer &buf) {
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ void TestDiscard() {
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.freeSpace(), kDefaultBlockSize / 2);
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.numChunks(), 1);
 
-            int chunks = 3 - (discarded / kDefaultBlockSize);
+            size_t chunks = 3 - (discarded / kDefaultBlockSize);
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.numDataChunks(), chunks);
         }
 
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ void TestExtractToInput() {
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.freeSpace(), kDefaultBlockSize / 2);
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.numChunks(), 1);
 
-            int chunks = 3 - (extracted / kDefaultBlockSize);
+            size_t chunks = 3 - (extracted / kDefaultBlockSize);
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ob.numDataChunks(), chunks);
         }
 
@@ -526,7 +525,7 @@ void TestSeek() {
         avro::InputBuffer buf(tmp1);
 
         cout << "Starting string: " << str << '\n';
-        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(buf.size()), str.size());
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(buf.size(), str.size());
 
         avro::istream is(buf);
 
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/testgentest.cc b/lang/c++/test/testgentest.cc
index 3d86329ce08..c204dd99633 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/testgentest.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/testgentest.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/lang/c++/test/unittest.cc b/lang/c++/test/unittest.cc
index 82b92f520da..3558a0e2f89 100644
--- a/lang/c++/test/unittest.cc
+++ b/lang/c++/test/unittest.cc
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <boost/test/included/unit_test_framework.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "Compiler.hh"
 #include "Decoder.hh"
@@ -36,6 +38,10 @@
 #include "buffer/BufferStream.hh"
 
 #include "AvroSerialize.hh"
+#include "CustomAttributes.hh"
+#include "NodeConcepts.hh"
+#include "NodeImpl.hh"
+#include "Types.hh"
 
 using namespace avro;
 
@@ -67,7 +73,19 @@ struct TestSchema {
     void buildSchema() {
         RecordSchema record("RootRecord");
 
-        record.addField("mylong", LongSchema());
+        CustomAttributes customAttributeLong;
+        customAttributeLong.addAttribute("extra_info_mylong", std::string("it's a long field"));
+        // Validate that adding a custom attribute with same name is not allowed
+        bool caught = false;
+        try {
+            customAttributeLong.addAttribute("extra_info_mylong", std::string("duplicate"));
+        } catch (Exception &e) {
+            std::cout << "(intentional) exception: " << e.what() << '\n';
+            caught = true;
+        }
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(caught, true);
+        // Add custom attribute for the field
+        record.addField("mylong", LongSchema(), customAttributeLong);
 
         IntSchema intSchema;
         avro::MapSchema map = MapSchema(IntSchema());
@@ -85,7 +103,7 @@ struct TestSchema {
         myenum.addSymbol("two");
         myenum.addSymbol("three");
 
-        bool caught = false;
+        caught = false;
         try {
             myenum.addSymbol("three");
         } catch (Exception &e) {
@@ -121,7 +139,12 @@ struct TestSchema {
         }
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(caught, true);
 
-        record.addField("mylong2", LongSchema());
+        CustomAttributes customAttributeLong2;
+        customAttributeLong2.addAttribute("extra_info_mylong2",
+                                          std::string("it's a long field"));
+        customAttributeLong2.addAttribute("more_info_mylong2",
+                                          std::string("it's still a long field"));
+        record.addField("mylong2", LongSchema(), customAttributeLong2);
 
         record.addField("anotherint", intSchema);
 
@@ -251,7 +274,7 @@ struct TestSchema {
         out << is.rdbuf();
     }
 
-    void printNext(Parser<Reader> &p) {
+    void printNext(Parser<Reader> &) {
         // no-op printer
     }
 
@@ -387,6 +410,93 @@ struct TestSchema {
         readData(p);
     }
 
+    void testNodeRecord(const NodeRecord &nodeRecord,
+                        const std::string &expectedJson) {
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(nodeRecord.isValid(), true);
+
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        nodeRecord.printJson(oss, 0);
+        std::string actual = oss.str();
+        actual.erase(std::remove_if(actual.begin(), actual.end(),
+                                    ::isspace),
+                     actual.end());
+
+        std::string expected = expectedJson;
+        expected.erase(std::remove_if(expected.begin(), expected.end(),
+                                      ::isspace),
+                       expected.end());
+
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    // Create NodeRecord with custom attributes at field level
+    // validate json serialization
+    void checkNodeRecordWithCustomAttribute() {
+        Name recordName("Test");
+        HasName nameConcept(recordName);
+        concepts::MultiAttribute<std::string> fieldNames;
+        std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> fieldAliases;
+        concepts::MultiAttribute<NodePtr> fieldValues;
+        std::vector<GenericDatum> defaultValues;
+        concepts::MultiAttribute<CustomAttributes> customAttributes;
+
+        CustomAttributes cf;
+        cf.addAttribute("stringField", std::string("\\\"field value with \\\"double quotes\\\"\\\""));
+        cf.addAttribute("booleanField", std::string("true"));
+        cf.addAttribute("numberField", std::string("1.23"));
+        cf.addAttribute("nullField", std::string("null"));
+        cf.addAttribute("arrayField", std::string("[1]"));
+        cf.addAttribute("mapField", std::string("{\\\"key1\\\":\\\"value1\\\", \\\"key2\\\":\\\"value2\\\"}"));
+        fieldNames.add("f1");
+        fieldValues.add(NodePtr(new NodePrimitive(Type::AVRO_LONG)));
+        customAttributes.add(cf);
+
+        NodeRecord nodeRecordWithCustomAttribute(nameConcept, fieldValues,
+                                                 fieldNames, fieldAliases, defaultValues,
+                                                 customAttributes);
+        std::string expectedJsonWithCustomAttribute =
+            "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Test\",\"fields\": "
+            "[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"long\", "
+            "\"arrayField\": \"[1]\", "
+            "\"booleanField\": \"true\", "
+            "\"mapField\": \"{\\\"key1\\\":\\\"value1\\\", \\\"key2\\\":\\\"value2\\\"}\", "
+            "\"nullField\": \"null\", "
+            "\"numberField\": \"1.23\", "
+            "\"stringField\": \"\\\"field value with \\\"double quotes\\\"\\\"\""
+            "}]}";
+        testNodeRecord(nodeRecordWithCustomAttribute,
+                       expectedJsonWithCustomAttribute);
+    }
+
+    // Create NodeRecord without custom attributes at field level
+    // validate json serialization
+    void checkNodeRecordWithoutCustomAttribute() {
+        Name recordName("Test");
+        HasName nameConcept(recordName);
+        concepts::MultiAttribute<std::string> fieldNames;
+        concepts::MultiAttribute<NodePtr> fieldValues;
+        std::vector<GenericDatum> defaultValues;
+
+        fieldNames.add("f1");
+        fieldValues.add(NodePtr(new NodePrimitive(Type::AVRO_LONG)));
+
+        NodeRecord nodeRecordWithoutCustomAttribute(nameConcept, fieldValues,
+                                                    fieldNames, defaultValues);
+        std::string expectedJsonWithoutCustomAttribute =
+            "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Test\",\"fields\": "
+            "[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}";
+        testNodeRecord(nodeRecordWithoutCustomAttribute,
+                       expectedJsonWithoutCustomAttribute);
+    }
+
+    void checkCustomAttributes_getAttribute() {
+        CustomAttributes cf;
+        cf.addAttribute("field1", std::string("1"));
+
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(std::string("1"), *cf.getAttribute("field1"));
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(false, cf.getAttribute("not_existing").is_initialized());
+    }
+
     void test() {
         std::cout << "Before\n";
         schema_.toJson(std::cout);
@@ -408,6 +518,10 @@ struct TestSchema {
         readValidatedData();
 
         createExampleSchema();
+
+        checkNodeRecordWithoutCustomAttribute();
+        checkNodeRecordWithCustomAttribute();
+        checkCustomAttributes_getAttribute();
     }
 
     ValidSchema schema_;
@@ -917,8 +1031,8 @@ struct TestResolution {
 };
 
 void testNestedArraySchema() {
-    ArraySchema b0 = ArraySchema(NullSchema());
-    ArraySchema a0 = ArraySchema(b0);
+    ArraySchema b0{NullSchema()};
+    ArraySchema a0 = b0;
 
     avro::ValidSchema vs(a0);
     std::ostringstream actual;
@@ -935,8 +1049,8 @@ void testNestedArraySchema() {
 }
 
 void testNestedMapSchema() {
-    MapSchema b0 = MapSchema(NullSchema());
-    MapSchema a0 = MapSchema(b0);
+    MapSchema b0{NullSchema()};
+    MapSchema a0 = b0;
 
     avro::ValidSchema vs(a0);
     std::ostringstream actual;
diff --git a/lang/c/CMakeLists.txt b/lang/c/CMakeLists.txt
index aa923e1829a..123676b3d86 100644
--- a/lang/c/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lang/c/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 #
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(AvroC C)
 enable_testing()
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ endif (ZLIB_FOUND)
 
 find_package(Snappy)
 if (SNAPPY_FOUND AND ZLIB_FOUND)  # Snappy borrows crc32 from zlib
-    set(SNAPPY_PKG libsnappy)
+    set(SNAPPY_PKG snappy)
     add_definitions(-DSNAPPY_CODEC)
     include_directories(${SNAPPY_INCLUDE_DIRS})
     message("Enabled snappy codec")
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ else (LZMA_FOUND)
 endif (LZMA_FOUND)
 
 set(CODEC_LIBRARIES ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES} ${LZMA_LIBRARIES} ${SNAPPY_LIBRARIES})
-set(CODEC_PKG "@ZLIB_PKG@ @LZMA_PKG@ @SNAPPY_PKG@")
+set(CODEC_PKG "${ZLIB_PKG} ${LZMA_PKG} ${SNAPPY_PKG}")
 
 # Jansson JSON library
 pkg_check_modules(JANSSON jansson>=2.3)
diff --git a/lang/c/cmake_avrolib.bat b/lang/c/cmake_avrolib.bat
index 76934bca205..40e8b39e3d7 100644
--- a/lang/c/cmake_avrolib.bat
+++ b/lang/c/cmake_avrolib.bat
@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
-REM  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-REM  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-REM  distributed with this work for additional information
-REM  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-REM  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-REM  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-REM  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-REM 
-REM    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-REM 
-REM  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-REM  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-REM  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-REM  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-REM  specific language governing permissions and limitations
-REM  under the License.
-
-echo off
-
-REM Set up the solution file in Windows. 
-
-set my_cmake_path="put_your_cmake_path_here"
-set cmake_path_win7="C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake 2.8\bin\cmake.exe"
-set cmake_path_xp="C:\Program Files\CMake 2.8\bin\cmake.exe"
-
-if exist %my_cmake_path% (
-   set cmake_path=%my_cmake_path%
-   goto RUN_CMAKE
-)
-
-if exist %cmake_path_win7% (
-   set cmake_path=%cmake_path_win7%
-   goto RUN_CMAKE
-)
-
-if exist %cmake_path_xp% (
-   set cmake_path=%cmake_path_xp%
-   goto RUN_CMAKE
-)
-
-echo "Set the proper cmake path in the variable 'my_cmake_path' in cmake_windows.bat, and re-run"
-goto EXIT_ERROR
-
-:RUN_CMAKE
-%cmake_path% -G"Visual Studio 9 2008" -H. -Bbuild_win32
-
-
-:EXIT_ERROR
+REM  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+REM  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+REM  distributed with this work for additional information
+REM  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+REM  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+REM  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+REM  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+REM 
+REM    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+REM 
+REM  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+REM  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+REM  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+REM  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+REM  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+REM  under the License.
+
+echo off
+
+REM Set up the solution file in Windows. 
+
+set my_cmake_path="put_your_cmake_path_here"
+set cmake_path_win7="C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake 2.8\bin\cmake.exe"
+set cmake_path_xp="C:\Program Files\CMake 2.8\bin\cmake.exe"
+
+if exist %my_cmake_path% (
+   set cmake_path=%my_cmake_path%
+   goto RUN_CMAKE
+)
+
+if exist %cmake_path_win7% (
+   set cmake_path=%cmake_path_win7%
+   goto RUN_CMAKE
+)
+
+if exist %cmake_path_xp% (
+   set cmake_path=%cmake_path_xp%
+   goto RUN_CMAKE
+)
+
+echo "Set the proper cmake path in the variable 'my_cmake_path' in cmake_windows.bat, and re-run"
+goto EXIT_ERROR
+
+:RUN_CMAKE
+%cmake_path% -G"Visual Studio 9 2008" -H. -Bbuild_win32
+
+
+:EXIT_ERROR
diff --git a/lang/c/docs/index.txt b/lang/c/docs/index.txt
index a439a052631..86f67bc8f96 100644
--- a/lang/c/docs/index.txt
+++ b/lang/c/docs/index.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ This section provides an overview of the methods that you can call on an
 interface, but not all of them make sense for all Avro schema types.
 For instance, you won't be able to call +avro_value_set_boolean+ on an
 Avro array value.  If you try to call an inappropriate method, we'll
-return an +EINVAL+ error code.
+return an +EINVAL+/+AVRO_INVALID+ error code.
 
 Note that the functions in this section apply to _all_ Avro values,
 regardless of which value implementation is used under the covers.  This
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ different versions of the Avro library.  That means that it's really
 only safe to use these hash values internally within the context of a
 single execution of a single application.
 
-The +reset+ method “clears out” an +avro_value_t instance, making sure
+The +reset+ method “clears out” an +avro_value_t+ instance, making sure
 that it's ready to accept the contents of a new value.  For scalars,
 this is usually a no-op, since the new value will just overwrite the old
 one.  For arrays and maps, this removes any existing elements from the
diff --git a/lang/c/examples/quickstop.c b/lang/c/examples/quickstop.c
index ff9e9700590..b26dad10c04 100644
--- a/lang/c/examples/quickstop.c
+++ b/lang/c/examples/quickstop.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ int print_person(avro_file_reader_t db, avro_schema_t reader_schema)
 	if (rval == 0) {
 		int64_t id;
 		int32_t age;
-		int32_t *p;
+		const char *p;
 		size_t size;
 		avro_value_t id_value;
 		avro_value_t first_value;
diff --git a/lang/c/src/avro/basics.h b/lang/c/src/avro/basics.h
index 368509b90c8..62c899c691a 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/avro/basics.h
+++ b/lang/c/src/avro/basics.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define CLOSE_EXTERN
 #endif
 
+#include <errno.h>
 
 enum avro_type_t {
 	AVRO_STRING,
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ enum avro_type_t {
 	AVRO_MAP,
 	AVRO_ARRAY,
 	AVRO_UNION,
-	AVRO_LINK
+	AVRO_LINK,
+	AVRO_INVALID = EINVAL,
 };
 typedef enum avro_type_t avro_type_t;
 
diff --git a/lang/c/src/avro/refcount.h b/lang/c/src/avro/refcount.h
index 27369900ab9..fd431f3ccea 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/avro/refcount.h
+++ b/lang/c/src/avro/refcount.h
@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ avro_refcount_dec(volatile int *refcount)
  * Mac OS X
  */
 
-#elif __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ >= 1050
+#elif __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ >= 1050 \
+  && __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ < 101200
+
+/* macOS 10.12 deprecates OSAtomic* so we'll use the GCC/Clang branch below */
 
 #include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
 
diff --git a/lang/c/src/consume-binary.c b/lang/c/src/consume-binary.c
index 9f92799d888..5e1db20684f 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/consume-binary.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/consume-binary.c
@@ -322,6 +322,9 @@ avro_consume_binary(avro_reader_t reader, avro_consumer_t *consumer, void *ud)
 	case AVRO_LINK:
 		avro_set_error("Consumer can't consume a link schema directly");
 		return EINVAL;
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		avro_set_error("Consumer can't consume an invalid schema");
+		return EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum.c b/lang/c/src/datum.c
index 2c427809090..5307c7a8385 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,7 @@ static void avro_datum_free(avro_datum_t datum)
 			}
 			break;
 		case AVRO_NULL:
+		case AVRO_INVALID:
 			/* Nothing allocated */
 			break;
 
@@ -1094,7 +1095,7 @@ static void avro_datum_free(avro_datum_t datum)
 				record = avro_datum_to_record(datum);
 				avro_schema_decref(record->schema);
 				st_foreach(record->fields_byname,
-					   HASH_FUNCTION_CAST char_datum_free_foreach, 0);
+					   (hash_function_foreach) char_datum_free_foreach, 0);
 				st_free_table(record->field_order);
 				st_free_table(record->fields_byname);
 				avro_freet(struct avro_record_datum_t, record);
@@ -1122,7 +1123,7 @@ static void avro_datum_free(avro_datum_t datum)
 				struct avro_map_datum_t *map;
 				map = avro_datum_to_map(datum);
 				avro_schema_decref(map->schema);
-				st_foreach(map->map, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST char_datum_free_foreach,
+				st_foreach(map->map, (hash_function_foreach) char_datum_free_foreach,
 					   0);
 				st_free_table(map->map);
 				st_free_table(map->indices_by_key);
@@ -1134,7 +1135,7 @@ static void avro_datum_free(avro_datum_t datum)
 				struct avro_array_datum_t *array;
 				array = avro_datum_to_array(datum);
 				avro_schema_decref(array->schema);
-				st_foreach(array->els, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST array_free_foreach, 0);
+				st_foreach(array->els, (hash_function_foreach) array_free_foreach, 0);
 				st_free_table(array->els);
 				avro_freet(struct avro_array_datum_t, array);
 			}
@@ -1182,7 +1183,7 @@ avro_datum_reset(avro_datum_t datum)
 		{
 			struct avro_array_datum_t *array;
 			array = avro_datum_to_array(datum);
-			st_foreach(array->els, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST array_free_foreach, 0);
+			st_foreach(array->els, (hash_function_foreach) array_free_foreach, 0);
 			st_free_table(array->els);
 
 			rval = avro_init_array(array);
@@ -1197,7 +1198,7 @@ avro_datum_reset(avro_datum_t datum)
 		{
 			struct avro_map_datum_t *map;
 			map = avro_datum_to_map(datum);
-			st_foreach(map->map, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST char_datum_free_foreach, 0);
+			st_foreach(map->map, (hash_function_foreach) char_datum_free_foreach, 0);
 			st_free_table(map->map);
 			st_free_table(map->indices_by_key);
 			st_free_table(map->keys_by_index);
@@ -1216,7 +1217,7 @@ avro_datum_reset(avro_datum_t datum)
 			record = avro_datum_to_record(datum);
 			rval = 0;
 			st_foreach(record->fields_byname,
-				   HASH_FUNCTION_CAST datum_reset_foreach, (st_data_t) &rval);
+				   (hash_function_foreach) datum_reset_foreach, (st_data_t) &rval);
 			return rval;
 		}
 
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum_equal.c b/lang/c/src/datum_equal.c
index 2ef750f9bf9..7e7c9b94099 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum_equal.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum_equal.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static int map_equal(struct avro_map_datum_t *a, struct avro_map_datum_t *b)
 	if (a->map->num_entries != b->map->num_entries) {
 		return 0;
 	}
-	st_foreach(a->map, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST st_equal_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
+	st_foreach(a->map, (hash_function_foreach) st_equal_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
 	return args.rval;
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ static int record_equal(struct avro_record_datum_t *a,
 	if (a->fields_byname->num_entries != b->fields_byname->num_entries) {
 		return 0;
 	}
-	st_foreach(a->fields_byname, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST st_equal_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
+	st_foreach(a->fields_byname, (hash_function_foreach) st_equal_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
 	return args.rval;
 }
 
@@ -181,6 +181,12 @@ int avro_datum_equal(const avro_datum_t a, const avro_datum_t b)
 		 * TODO 
 		 */
 		return 0;
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		/*
+		 * Invalid datums should not be compared and returning 0
+		 * matches the other error conditions
+		 */
+		return 0;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum_size.c b/lang/c/src/datum_size.c
index 770cb655f57..3877f31384c 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum_size.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum_size.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ size_map(avro_writer_t writer, const avro_encoding_t * enc,
 	if (datum->map->num_entries) {
 		size_accum(rval, size,
 			   enc->size_long(writer, datum->map->num_entries));
-		st_foreach(datum->map, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST size_map_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
+		st_foreach(datum->map, (hash_function_foreach) size_map_foreach, (st_data_t) & args);
 		size += args.size;
 	}
 	if (!args.rval) {
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ static int64_t size_datum(avro_writer_t writer, const avro_encoding_t * enc,
 				  avro_datum_to_union(datum));
 
 	case AVRO_LINK:
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
 		break;
 	}
 
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum_skip.c b/lang/c/src/datum_skip.c
index aa51d793468..e0ce561642e 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum_skip.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum_skip.c
@@ -196,6 +196,9 @@ int avro_skip_data(avro_reader_t reader, avro_schema_t writers_schema)
 		    avro_skip_data(reader,
 				   (avro_schema_to_link(writers_schema))->to);
 		break;
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		rval = EINVAL;
+		break;
 	}
 
 	return rval;
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum_validate.c b/lang/c/src/datum_validate.c
index d15ebdddaad..e997d306761 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum_validate.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum_validate.c
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ avro_schema_datum_validate(avro_schema_t expected_schema, avro_datum_t datum)
 			    { avro_schema_to_map(expected_schema)->values, 1
 			};
 			st_foreach(avro_datum_to_map(datum)->map,
-				   HASH_FUNCTION_CAST schema_map_validate_foreach,
+				   (hash_function_foreach) schema_map_validate_foreach,
 				   (st_data_t) & vst);
 			return vst.rval;
 		}
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ avro_schema_datum_validate(avro_schema_t expected_schema, avro_datum_t datum)
 						       datum);
 		}
 		break;
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		return EINVAL;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/lang/c/src/datum_value.c b/lang/c/src/datum_value.c
index a4fa55a0c9e..597d38c45bc 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/datum_value.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/datum_value.c
@@ -80,19 +80,7 @@ avro_datum_value_get_type(const avro_value_iface_t *iface, const void *vself)
 {
 	AVRO_UNUSED(iface);
 	const avro_datum_t  self = (const avro_datum_t) vself;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#pragma message("#warning: Bug: EINVAL is not of type avro_type_t.")
-#else
-#warning "Bug: EINVAL is not of type avro_type_t."
-#endif
-        /* We shouldn't use EINVAL as the return value to
-         * check_param(), because EINVAL (= 22) is not a valid enum
-         * avro_type_t. This is a structural issue -- we would need a
-         * different interface on all the get_type functions to fix
-         * this. For now, suppressing the error by casting EINVAL to
-         * (avro_type_t) so the code compiles under C++.
-         */
-	check_param((avro_type_t) EINVAL, self, "datum instance");
+	check_param(AVRO_INVALID, self, "datum instance");
 	return avro_typeof(self);
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/c/src/memoize.c b/lang/c/src/memoize.c
index 933fecbd043..e3602884d0d 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/memoize.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/memoize.c
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ avro_memoize_key_hash(avro_memoize_key_t *a)
 
 
 static struct st_hash_type  avro_memoize_hash_type = {
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST avro_memoize_key_cmp,
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST avro_memoize_key_hash
+	(hash_function_compare) avro_memoize_key_cmp,
+	(hash_function_hash) avro_memoize_key_hash
 };
 
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ avro_memoize_free_key(avro_memoize_key_t *key, void *result, void *dummy)
 void
 avro_memoize_done(avro_memoize_t *mem)
 {
-	st_foreach((st_table *) mem->cache, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST avro_memoize_free_key, 0);
+	st_foreach((st_table *) mem->cache, (hash_function_foreach) avro_memoize_free_key, 0);
 	st_free_table((st_table *) mem->cache);
 	memset(mem, 0, sizeof(avro_memoize_t));
 }
diff --git a/lang/c/src/schema.c b/lang/c/src/schema.c
index 7b389002b00..a4d8e9f898a 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/schema.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/schema.c
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ static void avro_schema_free(avro_schema_t schema)
 		case AVRO_DOUBLE:
 		case AVRO_BOOLEAN:
 		case AVRO_NULL:
+		case AVRO_INVALID:
 			/* no memory allocated for primitives */
 			return;
 
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ static void avro_schema_free(avro_schema_t schema)
 				if (record->space) {
 					avro_str_free(record->space);
 				}
-				st_foreach(record->fields, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST record_free_foreach,
+				st_foreach(record->fields, (hash_function_foreach) record_free_foreach,
 					   0);
 				st_free_table(record->fields_byname);
 				st_free_table(record->fields);
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ static void avro_schema_free(avro_schema_t schema)
 				if (enump->space) {
 					avro_str_free(enump->space);
 				}
-				st_foreach(enump->symbols, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST enum_free_foreach,
+				st_foreach(enump->symbols, (hash_function_foreach) enum_free_foreach,
 					   0);
 				st_free_table(enump->symbols);
 				st_free_table(enump->symbols_byname);
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ static void avro_schema_free(avro_schema_t schema)
 		case AVRO_UNION:{
 				struct avro_union_schema_t *unionp;
 				unionp = avro_schema_to_union(schema);
-				st_foreach(unionp->branches, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST union_free_foreach,
+				st_foreach(unionp->branches, (hash_function_foreach) union_free_foreach,
 					   0);
 				st_free_table(unionp->branches);
 				st_free_table(unionp->branches_byname);
@@ -876,15 +877,7 @@ static int
 avro_schema_from_json_t(json_t *json, avro_schema_t *schema,
 			st_table *named_schemas, const char *parent_namespace)
 {
-#ifdef _WIN32
- #pragma message("#warning: Bug: '0' is not of type avro_type_t.")
-#else
- #warning "Bug: '0' is not of type avro_type_t."
-#endif
-  /* We should really have an "AVRO_INVALID" type in
-   * avro_type_t. Suppress warning below in which we set type to 0.
-   */
-	avro_type_t type = (avro_type_t) 0;
+	avro_type_t type = AVRO_INVALID;
 	unsigned int i;
 	avro_schema_t named_type = NULL;
 
@@ -1246,7 +1239,7 @@ avro_schema_from_json_root(json_t *root, avro_schema_t *schema)
 	/* json_dumpf(root, stderr, 0); */
 	rval = avro_schema_from_json_t(root, schema, named_schemas, NULL);
 	json_decref(root);
-	st_foreach(named_schemas, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST named_schema_free_foreach, 0);
+	st_foreach(named_schemas, (hash_function_foreach) named_schema_free_foreach, 0);
 	st_free_table(named_schemas);
 	return rval;
 }
@@ -1462,7 +1455,7 @@ avro_schema_t avro_schema_copy(avro_schema_t schema)
 	}
 
 	new_schema = avro_schema_copy_root(schema, named_schemas);
-	st_foreach(named_schemas, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST named_schema_free_foreach, 0);
+	st_foreach(named_schemas, (hash_function_foreach) named_schema_free_foreach, 0);
 	st_free_table(named_schemas);
 	return new_schema;
 }
@@ -1882,6 +1875,8 @@ avro_schema_to_json2(const avro_schema_t schema, avro_writer_t out,
 		return write_union(out, avro_schema_to_union(schema), parent_namespace);
 	case AVRO_LINK:
 		return write_link(out, avro_schema_to_link(schema), parent_namespace);
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		return EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (is_avro_primitive(schema)) {
diff --git a/lang/c/src/st.c b/lang/c/src/st.c
index 27578289ecb..8437777cb92 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/st.c
+++ b/lang/c/src/st.c
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ struct st_table_entry {
 static int numcmp(long, long);
 static int numhash(long);
 static struct st_hash_type type_numhash = {
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST numcmp,
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST numhash
+	(hash_function_compare) numcmp,
+	(hash_function_hash) numhash
 };
 
 /*
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ static struct st_hash_type type_numhash = {
  */
 static int strhash(const char *);
 static struct st_hash_type type_strhash = {
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST strcmp,
-	HASH_FUNCTION_CAST strhash
+	(hash_function_compare) strcmp,
+	(hash_function_hash) strhash
 };
 
 static void rehash(st_table *);
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ void st_free_table(st_table *table)
 }
 
 #define PTR_NOT_EQUAL(table, ptr, hash_val, key) \
-((ptr) != 0 && (ptr->hash != (hash_val) || !EQUAL((table), (key), (ptr)->key)))
+((ptr) != 0 && (ptr->hash != (hash_val) || !EQUAL((table), (void*) (key), (void*) (ptr)->key)))
 
 #ifdef HASH_LOG
 #define COLLISION collision++
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ int st_lookup(st_table *table, register st_data_t key, st_data_t *value)
 	unsigned int hash_val, bin_pos;
 	register st_table_entry *ptr;
 
-	hash_val = do_hash(key, table);
+	hash_val = do_hash((void*) key, table);
 	FIND_ENTRY(table, ptr, hash_val, bin_pos);
 
 	if (ptr == 0) {
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ int st_insert(register st_table *table, register st_data_t key, st_data_t value)
 	unsigned int hash_val, bin_pos;
 	register st_table_entry *ptr;
 
-	hash_val = do_hash(key, table);
+	hash_val = do_hash((void*) key, table);
 	FIND_ENTRY(table, ptr, hash_val, bin_pos);
 
 	if (ptr == 0) {
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ void st_add_direct(st_table *table,st_data_t key,st_data_t value)
 {
 	unsigned int hash_val, bin_pos;
 
-	hash_val = do_hash(key, table);
+	hash_val = do_hash((void*) key, table);
 	bin_pos = hash_val % table->num_bins;
 	ADD_DIRECT(table, key, value, hash_val, bin_pos);
 }
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ int st_delete(register st_table *table,register st_data_t *key,st_data_t *value)
 	st_table_entry *tmp;
 	register st_table_entry *ptr;
 
-	hash_val = do_hash_bin(*key, table);
+	hash_val = do_hash_bin((void*) *key, table);
 	ptr = table->bins[hash_val];
 
 	if (ptr == 0) {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ int st_delete(register st_table *table,register st_data_t *key,st_data_t *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (EQUAL(table, *key, ptr->key)) {
+	if (EQUAL(table, (void*) *key, (void*) ptr->key)) {
 		table->bins[hash_val] = ptr->next;
 		table->num_entries--;
 		if (value != 0)
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ int st_delete(register st_table *table,register st_data_t *key,st_data_t *value)
 	}
 
 	for (; ptr->next != 0; ptr = ptr->next) {
-		if (EQUAL(table, ptr->next->key, *key)) {
+		if (EQUAL(table, (void*) ptr->next->key, (void*) *key)) {
 			tmp = ptr->next;
 			ptr->next = ptr->next->next;
 			table->num_entries--;
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ int st_delete_safe(register st_table *table,register st_data_t *key,st_data_t *v
 	unsigned int hash_val;
 	register st_table_entry *ptr;
 
-	hash_val = do_hash_bin(*key, table);
+	hash_val = do_hash_bin((void*) *key, table);
 	ptr = table->bins[hash_val];
 
 	if (ptr == 0) {
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ int st_delete_safe(register st_table *table,register st_data_t *key,st_data_t *v
 	}
 
 	for (; ptr != 0; ptr = ptr->next) {
-		if ((ptr->key != never) && EQUAL(table, ptr->key, *key)) {
+		if ((ptr->key != never) && EQUAL(table, (void*) ptr->key, (void*) *key)) {
 			table->num_entries--;
 			*key = ptr->key;
 			if (value != 0)
@@ -439,11 +439,11 @@ void st_cleanup_safe(st_table *table,st_data_t never)
 {
 	int num_entries = table->num_entries;
 
-	st_foreach(table, HASH_FUNCTION_CAST delete_never, never);
+	st_foreach(table, (hash_function_foreach) delete_never, never);
 	table->num_entries = num_entries;
 }
 
-int st_foreach(st_table *table,int (*func) (ANYARGS),st_data_t arg)
+int st_foreach(st_table *table,int (*func) (void*, void*, void*),st_data_t arg)
 {
 	st_table_entry *ptr, *last, *tmp;
 	enum st_retval retval;
@@ -452,7 +452,9 @@ int st_foreach(st_table *table,int (*func) (ANYARGS),st_data_t arg)
 	for (i = 0; i < table->num_bins; i++) {
 		last = 0;
 		for (ptr = table->bins[i]; ptr != 0;) {
-			retval = (enum st_retval) (*func) (ptr->key, ptr->record, arg);
+			retval = (enum st_retval) (*func) ((void*) ptr->key,
+							   (void*) ptr->record,
+							   (void*) arg);
 			switch (retval) {
 			case ST_CHECK:	/* check if hash is modified during
 					 * iteration */
diff --git a/lang/c/src/st.h b/lang/c/src/st.h
index cf8a2249169..93da018bd9b 100644
--- a/lang/c/src/st.h
+++ b/lang/c/src/st.h
@@ -20,26 +20,22 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #pragma GCC visibility push(hidden)
 
-#ifndef ANYARGS
- #ifdef __cplusplus
-   #define ANYARGS ...
- #else
-   #define ANYARGS
- #endif
-#endif
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  #define HASH_FUNCTION_CAST (int (__cdecl *)(ANYARGS))
+  typedef int (__cdecl *hash_function_compare)(void*, void*);
+  typedef int (__cdecl *hash_function_hash)(void*);
+  typedef int (__cdecl *hash_function_foreach)(void*, void*, void*);
 #else
-  #define HASH_FUNCTION_CAST
+  typedef int (*hash_function_compare)(void*, void*);
+  typedef int (*hash_function_hash)(void*);
+  typedef int (*hash_function_foreach)(void*, void*, void*);
 #endif
 
 typedef uintptr_t st_data_t;
 typedef struct st_table st_table;
 
 struct st_hash_type {
-  int (*compare) (ANYARGS);
-  int (*hash) (ANYARGS);
+  hash_function_compare compare;
+  hash_function_hash hash;
 };
 
 struct st_table {
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ int st_delete _((st_table *, st_data_t *, st_data_t *));
 int st_delete_safe _((st_table *, st_data_t *, st_data_t *, st_data_t));
 int st_insert _((st_table *, st_data_t, st_data_t));
 int st_lookup _((st_table *, st_data_t, st_data_t *));
-int st_foreach _((st_table *, int (*)(ANYARGS), st_data_t));
+int st_foreach _((st_table *, hash_function_foreach, st_data_t));
 void st_add_direct _((st_table *, st_data_t, st_data_t));
 void st_free_table _((st_table *));
 void st_cleanup_safe _((st_table *, st_data_t));
diff --git a/lang/c/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/lang/c/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 2e84a06a31c..3200164770d 100644
--- a/lang/c/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lang/c/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ add_avro_executable(test_interop_data)
 
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_data_structures)
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_schema)
+add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_commons_schema)
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_schema_names)
+add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_type_collision)
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_values)
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_766)
 add_avro_test_checkmem(test_avro_968)
diff --git a/lang/c/tests/test_avro_commons_schema.c b/lang/c/tests/test_avro_commons_schema.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3751e9836a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c/tests/test_avro_commons_schema.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License. 
+ */
+
+#include "avro.h"
+#include "avro_private.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+ #include "msdirent.h"
+#else
+ #include <dirent.h>
+#endif
+
+avro_writer_t avro_stderr;
+
+static avro_schema_t read_common_schema_test(const char *dirpath) {
+    char schemafilepath[1024];
+    char jsontext[4096];
+
+    avro_schema_t schema;
+    int n = snprintf(schemafilepath, sizeof(schemafilepath),  "%s/schema.json", dirpath);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Size of dir path is too long %s !\n", dirpath);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    FILE* fp = fopen(schemafilepath, "r");
+    if (!fp) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "can't open file %s !\n", schemafilepath);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    int rval = fread(jsontext, 1, sizeof(jsontext) - 1, fp);
+    fclose(fp);
+    jsontext[rval] = '\0';
+
+    int test_rval = avro_schema_from_json(jsontext, 0, &schema, NULL);
+    if (test_rval != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "fail! Can' read schema from file %s\n", schemafilepath);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    return schema;
+}
+
+static void create_writer(avro_schema_t schema, avro_file_writer_t* writer)
+{
+    // create / reset copy.avro file.
+    FILE* copyFile = fopen("./copy.avro", "w");
+    if (!copyFile) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "can't create file copy.avro !\n");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    fclose(copyFile);
+
+    // create avro writer on file.
+	if (avro_file_writer_create("./copy.avro", schema, writer))	{
+		fprintf(stdout, "\nThere was an error creating db: %s", avro_strerror());
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_data(const char *dirpath, avro_schema_t schema) {
+    char datafilepath[1024];
+    int n = snprintf(datafilepath, sizeof(datafilepath),  "%s/data.avro", dirpath);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Size of dir path is too long %s/data.avro !\n", dirpath);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    avro_file_reader_t reader;
+    avro_datum_t  datum;
+    int rval = avro_file_reader(datafilepath, &reader);
+    if (rval) {
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    avro_file_writer_t writer;
+    create_writer(schema, &writer);
+
+    int records_read = 0;
+    while ((rval = avro_file_reader_read(reader, schema, &datum)) == 0) {
+        records_read++;
+        if (avro_file_writer_append(writer, datum)) {
+            fprintf(stdout, "\nCan't write record: %s\n", avro_strerror());
+        	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+    	avro_datum_decref(datum);
+    }
+    fprintf(stdout, "\nExit run test OK => %d records", records_read);
+    remove("./copy.avro");
+    fflush(stdout);
+    avro_file_reader_close(reader);
+    avro_file_writer_close(writer);
+}
+
+static void run_tests(const char *dirpath)
+{
+    fprintf(stdout, "\nRun test for path '%s'", dirpath);
+    avro_schema_t schema = read_common_schema_test(dirpath);
+    read_data(dirpath, schema);
+    avro_schema_decref(schema);
+}
+
+
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char *srcdir = "../../../share/test/data/schemas";
+	AVRO_UNUSED(argc);
+	AVRO_UNUSED(argv);
+
+	avro_stderr = avro_writer_file(stderr);
+
+	DIR* dir = opendir(srcdir);
+    if (dir == NULL) {
+    	fprintf(stdout, "Unable to open '%s'\n", srcdir);
+    	fflush(stdout);
+    	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    struct dirent *dent;
+    do {
+       dent = readdir(dir);
+
+        if (dent && dent->d_name[0] != '.' && dent->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+            char filepath[1024];
+            snprintf(filepath, sizeof(filepath), "%s/%s", srcdir, dent->d_name);
+            run_tests(filepath);
+        }
+    }
+    while(dent != NULL);
+    closedir(dir);
+
+	avro_writer_free(avro_stderr);
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/lang/c/tests/test_avro_type_collision.c b/lang/c/tests/test_avro_type_collision.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1dda590fd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/c/tests/test_avro_type_collision.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "avro.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-Wswitch"
+#endif
+
+#define ASSERT_NOT_AVRO_INVALID(type)                                   \
+	if (type == AVRO_INVALID) {                                     \
+		fprintf(stderr, #type " collides with AVRO_INVALID\n"); \
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                                     \
+	} else {                                                        \
+		break;                                                  \
+	}
+
+#define CASE_ASSERTION(type) case type: ASSERT_NOT_AVRO_INVALID(type)
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	avro_schema_t null_schema = avro_schema_null();
+	avro_type_t type = avro_typeof(null_schema);
+	avro_schema_decref(null_schema);
+
+	switch (type) {
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_STRING)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_BYTES)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_INT32)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_INT64)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_FLOAT)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_DOUBLE)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_BOOLEAN)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_NULL)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_RECORD)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_ENUM)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_FIXED)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_MAP)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_ARRAY)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_UNION)
+	CASE_ASSERTION(AVRO_LINK)
+	case AVRO_INVALID:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/lang/c/version.sh b/lang/c/version.sh
index be90c0f6329..0481bcc23e5 100755
--- a/lang/c/version.sh
+++ b/lang/c/version.sh
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #         libavro_binary_age = 0
 #         libavro_interface_age = 0
 #
-libavro_micro_version=23
+libavro_micro_version=24
 libavro_interface_age=0
-libavro_binary_age=0
+libavro_binary_age=1
 
 # IGNORE EVERYTHING ELSE FROM HERE DOWN.........
 if test $# != 1; then
diff --git a/lang/csharp/.gitignore b/lang/csharp/.gitignore
index 80304575bd8..4218bd59d51 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/.gitignore
+++ b/lang/csharp/.gitignore
@@ -52,5 +52,7 @@ obj/
 
 #Test results
 TestResult.xml
+Coverage
+TestResults
 
 .vs/
diff --git a/lang/csharp/Avro.sln b/lang/csharp/Avro.sln
index 68036ebdd50..729235110a0 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/Avro.sln
+++ b/lang/csharp/Avro.sln
@@ -13,18 +13,39 @@ Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.msbuild", "src\apache\
 EndProject
 Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.perf", "src\apache\perf\Avro.perf.csproj", "{AC4E1909-2594-4D01-9B2B-B832C07BAFE5}"
 EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Codecs", "Codecs", "{0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.BZip2", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.BZip2\Avro.File.BZip2.csproj", "{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.BZip2.Test", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.BZip2.Test\Avro.File.BZip2.Test.csproj", "{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.Snappy", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.Snappy\Avro.File.Snappy.csproj", "{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.Snappy.Test", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.Snappy.Test\Avro.File.Snappy.Test.csproj", "{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.XZ", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.XZ\Avro.File.XZ.csproj", "{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.XZ.Test", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.XZ.Test\Avro.File.XZ.Test.csproj", "{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.Zstandard", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.Zstandard\Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj", "{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.File.Zstandard.Test", "src\apache\codec\Avro.File.Zstandard.Test\Avro.File.Zstandard.Test.csproj", "{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}"
+EndProject
 Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Solution Items", "Solution Items", "{8A671DF3-BC71-4E1A-BB06-0A225799A274}"
 	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
 		..\..\.editorconfig = ..\..\.editorconfig
 		.gitignore = .gitignore
 		Avro.ruleset = Avro.ruleset
-		build.ps1 = build.ps1
 		build.sh = build.sh
 		common.props = common.props
+		versions.props = versions.props
+		CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig = CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig
+		CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig = CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig
 		README.md = README.md
-		stylecop.json = stylecop.json
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Avro.benchmark", "src\apache\benchmark\Avro.benchmark.csproj", "{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -87,10 +108,128 @@ Global
 		{AC4E1909-2594-4D01-9B2B-B832C07BAFE5}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{AC4E1909-2594-4D01-9B2B-B832C07BAFE5}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 		{AC4E1909-2594-4D01-9B2B-B832C07BAFE5}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{29271A29-9E89-47B1-A0CA-DD6704C89570}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
 	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
+		{FFA119B2-0D60-4090-B5A6-ECA718138812} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{D5ED6642-3E33-493F-9217-FE00E4885699} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{B15BEEDC-A371-46D0-BFF6-63FC8105B520} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{AA2CA9A3-71C0-4D16-B7E7-F6F50E400F23} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{98CE721F-10AF-4665-9B14-3EA2CDF8F4C7} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{99711F8E-C5C1-4864-A51F-3317E19CAD7B} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{8207A628-6285-4DDF-B846-C0C7ED3E3D16} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+		{04264DDD-C204-4F59-88D4-FB4C69BD80C3} = {0FAEE4F6-D72F-4B18-869A-7A90BAC1280F}
+	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
 		SolutionGuid = {ACE75CE8-16B2-4C6E-A5BE-B6F6DB5FE095}
 	EndGlobalSection
diff --git a/lang/csharp/CODECOVERAGE.md b/lang/csharp/CODECOVERAGE.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c06cc5af7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/CODECOVERAGE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!--
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+ -->
+# C# Avro Code Coverage
+
+The following instructions should be followed in order to create a code coverage report locally. 
+
+1. Open a command prompt
+2. Install ReportGenerator globally\
+	a. Run the following command line: `dotnet tool install --global dotnet-reportgenerator-globaltool --version 5.1.4 --add-source https://www.nuget.org/packages/`\
+	b. The latest version can be found at [Nuget ReportGenerator](https://www.nuget.org/packages/dotnet-reportgenerator-globaltool/)
+3. Navigate to the test project `avro\lang\csharp\src\apache\test`
+4. Run the following test command `dotnet test --results-directory ./TestResults --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage"`
+5. Generate the report with the following command `ReportGenerator "-reports:./TestResults/*/coverage.cobertura.xml" "-targetdir:./Coverage/" -reporttypes:HTML`
+6. Open Report under `avro\lang\csharp\src\apache\test\Coverage\index.html`
diff --git a/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig b/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2537599edcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,1585 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# !!! Original: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/main/eng/CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig
+# !!! Any overrides should be added to the end of the file
+
+is_global = true
+
+# AD0001: Analyzer threw an exception
+dotnet_diagnostic.AD0001.severity = suggestion
+
+# BCL0001: Ensure minimum API surface is respected
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0001.severity = warning
+
+# BCL0010: AppContext default value expected to be true
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0010.severity = warning
+
+# BCL0011: AppContext default value defined in if statement with incorrect pattern
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0011.severity = warning
+
+# BCL0012: AppContext default value defined in if statement at root of switch case
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0012.severity = warning
+
+# BCL0015: Invalid P/Invoke call
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0015.severity = none
+
+# BCL0020: Invalid SR.Format call
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0020.severity = warning
+
+# CA1000: Do not declare static members on generic types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1000.severity = none
+
+# CA1001: Types that own disposable fields should be disposable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1001.severity = none
+
+# CA1002: Do not expose generic lists
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1002.severity = none
+
+# CA1003: Use generic event handler instances
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1003.severity = none
+
+# CA1005: Avoid excessive parameters on generic types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1005.severity = none
+
+# CA1008: Enums should have zero value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1008.severity = none
+
+# CA1010: Generic interface should also be implemented
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1010.severity = none
+
+# CA1012: Abstract types should not have public constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1012.severity = none
+
+# CA1014: Mark assemblies with CLSCompliant
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1014.severity = none
+
+# CA1016: Mark assemblies with assembly version
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1016.severity = none
+
+# CA1017: Mark assemblies with ComVisible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1017.severity = none
+
+# CA1018: Mark attributes with AttributeUsageAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1018.severity = warning
+
+# CA1019: Define accessors for attribute arguments
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1019.severity = none
+
+# CA1021: Avoid out parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1021.severity = none
+
+# CA1024: Use properties where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1024.severity = none
+
+# CA1027: Mark enums with FlagsAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1027.severity = none
+
+# CA1028: Enum Storage should be Int32
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1028.severity = none
+
+# CA1030: Use events where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1030.severity = none
+
+# CA1031: Do not catch general exception types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1031.severity = none
+
+# CA1032: Implement standard exception constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1032.severity = none
+
+# CA1033: Interface methods should be callable by child types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1033.severity = none
+
+# CA1034: Nested types should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1034.severity = none
+
+# CA1036: Override methods on comparable types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1036.severity = none
+
+# CA1040: Avoid empty interfaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1040.severity = none
+
+# CA1041: Provide ObsoleteAttribute message
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1041.severity = none
+
+# CA1043: Use Integral Or String Argument For Indexers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1043.severity = none
+
+# CA1044: Properties should not be write only
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1044.severity = none
+
+# CA1045: Do not pass types by reference
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1045.severity = none
+
+# CA1046: Do not overload equality operator on reference types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1046.severity = none
+
+# CA1047: Do not declare protected member in sealed type
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1047.severity = warning
+
+# CA1050: Declare types in namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1050.severity = warning
+
+# CA1051: Do not declare visible instance fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1051.severity = none
+
+# CA1052: Static holder types should be Static or NotInheritable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1052.severity = warning
+dotnet_code_quality.CA1052.api_surface = private, internal
+
+# CA1054: URI-like parameters should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1054.severity = none
+
+# CA1055: URI-like return values should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1055.severity = none
+
+# CA1056: URI-like properties should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1056.severity = none
+
+# CA1058: Types should not extend certain base types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1058.severity = none
+
+# CA1060: Move pinvokes to native methods class
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1060.severity = none
+
+# CA1061: Do not hide base class methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1061.severity = none
+
+# CA1062: Validate arguments of public methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1062.severity = none
+
+# CA1063: Implement IDisposable Correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1063.severity = none
+
+# CA1064: Exceptions should be public
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1064.severity = none
+
+# CA1065: Do not raise exceptions in unexpected locations
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1065.severity = none
+
+# CA1066: Implement IEquatable when overriding Object.Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1066.severity = warning
+
+# CA1067: Override Object.Equals(object) when implementing IEquatable<T>
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1067.severity = warning
+
+# CA1068: CancellationToken parameters must come last
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1068.severity = none
+
+# CA1069: Enums values should not be duplicated
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1069.severity = none
+
+# CA1070: Do not declare event fields as virtual
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1070.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1200: Avoid using cref tags with a prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1200.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1303: Do not pass literals as localized parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1303.severity = none
+
+# CA1304: Specify CultureInfo
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1304.severity = none
+
+# CA1305: Specify IFormatProvider
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1305.severity = none
+
+# CA1307: Specify StringComparison for clarity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1307.severity = none
+
+# CA1308: Normalize strings to uppercase
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = none
+
+# CA1309: Use ordinal string comparison
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1309.severity = none
+
+# CA1310: Specify StringComparison for correctness
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1310.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1401: P/Invokes should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1401.severity = warning
+
+# CA1416: Validate platform compatibility
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1416.severity = warning
+
+# CA1417: Do not use 'OutAttribute' on string parameters for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1417.severity = warning
+
+# CA1418: Use valid platform string
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1418.severity = warning
+
+# CA1419: Provide a parameterless constructor that is as visible as the containing type for concrete types derived from 'System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1419.severity = warning
+
+# CA1501: Avoid excessive inheritance
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1501.severity = none
+
+# CA1502: Avoid excessive complexity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1502.severity = none
+
+# CA1505: Avoid unmaintainable code
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1505.severity = none
+
+# CA1506: Avoid excessive class coupling
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1506.severity = none
+
+# CA1507: Use nameof to express symbol names
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1507.severity = warning
+
+# CA1508: Avoid dead conditional code
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1508.severity = none
+
+# CA1509: Invalid entry in code metrics rule specification file
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1509.severity = none
+
+# CA1700: Do not name enum values 'Reserved'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1700.severity = none
+
+# CA1707: Identifiers should not contain underscores
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1707.severity = none
+
+# CA1708: Identifiers should differ by more than case
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1708.severity = none
+
+# CA1710: Identifiers should have correct suffix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1710.severity = none
+
+# CA1711: Identifiers should not have incorrect suffix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1711.severity = none
+
+# CA1712: Do not prefix enum values with type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1712.severity = none
+
+# CA1713: Events should not have 'Before' or 'After' prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1713.severity = none
+
+# CA1715: Identifiers should have correct prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1715.severity = none
+
+# CA1716: Identifiers should not match keywords
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1716.severity = none
+
+# CA1720: Identifier contains type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1720.severity = none
+
+# CA1721: Property names should not match get methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1721.severity = none
+
+# CA1724: Type names should not match namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1724.severity = none
+
+# CA1725: Parameter names should match base declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1725.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1727: Use PascalCase for named placeholders
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1727.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1802: Use literals where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1802.severity = warning
+dotnet_code_quality.CA1802.api_surface = private, internal
+
+# CA1805: Do not initialize unnecessarily
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1805.severity = warning
+
+# CA1806: Do not ignore method results
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1806.severity = none
+
+# CA1810: Initialize reference type static fields inline
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1810.severity = warning
+
+# CA1812: Avoid uninstantiated internal classes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1812.severity = none
+
+# CA1813: Avoid unsealed attributes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1813.severity = none
+
+# CA1814: Prefer jagged arrays over multidimensional
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1814.severity = none
+
+# CA1815: Override equals and operator equals on value types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1815.severity = none
+
+# CA1816: Dispose methods should call SuppressFinalize
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1816.severity = none
+
+# CA1819: Properties should not return arrays
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1819.severity = none
+
+# CA1820: Test for empty strings using string length
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1820.severity = none
+
+# CA1821: Remove empty Finalizers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1821.severity = warning
+
+# CA1822: Mark members as static
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1822.severity = none
+
+# CA1823: Avoid unused private fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1823.severity = warning
+
+# CA1824: Mark assemblies with NeutralResourcesLanguageAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1824.severity = warning
+
+# CA1825: Avoid zero-length array allocations
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1825.severity = warning
+
+# CA1826: Do not use Enumerable methods on indexable collections
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1826.severity = warning
+
+# CA1827: Do not use Count() or LongCount() when Any() can be used
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1827.severity = warning
+
+# CA1828: Do not use CountAsync() or LongCountAsync() when AnyAsync() can be used
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1828.severity = warning
+
+# CA1829: Use Length/Count property instead of Count() when available
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1829.severity = warning
+
+# CA1830: Prefer strongly-typed Append and Insert method overloads on StringBuilder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1830.severity = warning
+
+# CA1831: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1831.severity = warning
+
+# CA1832: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1832.severity = warning
+
+# CA1833: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1833.severity = warning
+
+# CA1834: Consider using 'StringBuilder.Append(char)' when applicable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1834.severity = warning
+
+# CA1835: Prefer the 'Memory'-based overloads for 'ReadAsync' and 'WriteAsync'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1835.severity = warning
+
+# CA1836: Prefer IsEmpty over Count
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1836.severity = warning
+
+# CA1837: Use 'Environment.ProcessId'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1837.severity = warning
+
+# CA1838: Avoid 'StringBuilder' parameters for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1838.severity = warning
+
+# CA1839: Use 'Environment.ProcessPath'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1839.severity = warning
+
+# CA1840: Use 'Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1840.severity = warning
+
+# CA1841: Prefer Dictionary.Contains methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1841.severity = warning
+
+# CA1842: Do not use 'WhenAll' with a single task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1842.severity = warning
+
+# CA1843: Do not use 'WaitAll' with a single task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1843.severity = warning
+
+# CA1844: Provide memory-based overrides of async methods when subclassing 'Stream'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1844.severity = warning
+
+# CA1845: Use span-based 'string.Concat'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1845.severity = warning
+
+# CA1846: Prefer 'AsSpan' over 'Substring'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1846.severity = warning
+
+# CA1847: Use char literal for a single character lookup
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1847.severity = warning
+
+# CA1848: Use the LoggerMessage delegates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1848.severity = none
+
+# CA1849: Call async methods when in an async method
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1849.severity = suggestion
+
+# CA1850: Prefer static 'HashData' method over 'ComputeHash'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1850.severity = warning
+
+# CA2000: Dispose objects before losing scope
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2000.severity = none
+
+# CA2002: Do not lock on objects with weak identity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2002.severity = none
+
+# CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = warning
+
+# CA2008: Do not create tasks without passing a TaskScheduler
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2008.severity = warning
+
+# CA2009: Do not call ToImmutableCollection on an ImmutableCollection value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2009.severity = warning
+
+# CA2011: Avoid infinite recursion
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2011.severity = warning
+
+# CA2012: Use ValueTasks correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2012.severity = warning
+
+# CA2013: Do not use ReferenceEquals with value types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2013.severity = warning
+
+# CA2014: Do not use stackalloc in loops
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2014.severity = warning
+
+# CA2015: Do not define finalizers for types derived from MemoryManager<T>
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2015.severity = warning
+
+# CA2016: Forward the 'CancellationToken' parameter to methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2016.severity = warning
+
+# CA2017: Parameter count mismatch
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2017.severity = warning
+
+# CA2018: 'Buffer.BlockCopy' expects the number of bytes to be copied for the 'count' argument
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2018.severity = warning
+
+# CA2100: Review SQL queries for security vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2100.severity = none
+
+# CA2101: Specify marshaling for P/Invoke string arguments
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2101.severity = none
+
+# CA2109: Review visible event handlers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2109.severity = none
+
+# CA2119: Seal methods that satisfy private interfaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2119.severity = none
+
+# CA2153: Do Not Catch Corrupted State Exceptions
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2153.severity = none
+
+# CA2200: Rethrow to preserve stack details
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2200.severity = warning
+
+# CA2201: Do not raise reserved exception types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2201.severity = none
+
+# CA2207: Initialize value type static fields inline
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2207.severity = warning
+
+# CA2208: Instantiate argument exceptions correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2208.severity = warning
+dotnet_code_quality.CA2208.api_surface = public
+
+# CA2211: Non-constant fields should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2211.severity = none
+
+# CA2213: Disposable fields should be disposed
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2213.severity = none
+
+# CA2214: Do not call overridable methods in constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2214.severity = none
+
+# CA2215: Dispose methods should call base class dispose
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2215.severity = none
+
+# CA2216: Disposable types should declare finalizer
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2216.severity = none
+
+# CA2217: Do not mark enums with FlagsAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2217.severity = none
+
+# CA2218: Override GetHashCode on overriding Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2218.severity = none
+
+# CA2219: Do not raise exceptions in finally clauses
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2219.severity = none
+
+# CA2224: Override Equals on overloading operator equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2224.severity = none
+
+# CA2225: Operator overloads have named alternates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2225.severity = none
+
+# CA2226: Operators should have symmetrical overloads
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2226.severity = none
+
+# CA2227: Collection properties should be read only
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2227.severity = none
+
+# CA2229: Implement serialization constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2229.severity = warning
+
+# CA2231: Overload operator equals on overriding value type Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2231.severity = none
+
+# CA2234: Pass system uri objects instead of strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2234.severity = none
+
+# CA2235: Mark all non-serializable fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2235.severity = none
+
+# CA2237: Mark ISerializable types with serializable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2237.severity = none
+
+# CA2241: Provide correct arguments to formatting methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2241.severity = warning
+
+# CA2242: Test for NaN correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2242.severity = warning
+
+# CA2243: Attribute string literals should parse correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2243.severity = warning
+
+# CA2244: Do not duplicate indexed element initializations
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2244.severity = warning
+
+# CA2245: Do not assign a property to itself
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2245.severity = warning
+
+# CA2246: Assigning symbol and its member in the same statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2246.severity = warning
+
+# CA2247: Argument passed to TaskCompletionSource constructor should be TaskCreationOptions enum instead of TaskContinuationOptions enum
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2247.severity = warning
+
+# CA2248: Provide correct 'enum' argument to 'Enum.HasFlag'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2248.severity = warning
+
+# CA2249: Consider using 'string.Contains' instead of 'string.IndexOf'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2249.severity = warning
+
+# CA2250: Use 'ThrowIfCancellationRequested'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2250.severity = warning
+
+# CA2251: Use 'string.Equals'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2251.severity = warning
+
+# CA2252: This API requires opting into preview features
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2252.severity = error
+
+# CA2253: Named placeholders should not be numeric values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2253.severity = none
+
+# CA2254: Template should be a static expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2254.severity = none
+
+# CA2255: The 'ModuleInitializer' attribute should not be used in libraries
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2255.severity = warning
+
+# CA2256: All members declared in parent interfaces must have an implementation in a DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementation-attributed interface
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2256.severity = warning
+
+# CA2257: Members defined on an interface with the 'DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementationAttribute' should be 'static'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2257.severity = warning
+
+# CA2258: Providing a 'DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementation' interface in Visual Basic is unsupported
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2258.severity = warning
+
+# CA2300: Do not use insecure deserializer BinaryFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2300.severity = none
+
+# CA2301: Do not call BinaryFormatter.Deserialize without first setting BinaryFormatter.Binder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2301.severity = none
+
+# CA2302: Ensure BinaryFormatter.Binder is set before calling BinaryFormatter.Deserialize
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2302.severity = none
+
+# CA2305: Do not use insecure deserializer LosFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2305.severity = none
+
+# CA2310: Do not use insecure deserializer NetDataContractSerializer
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2310.severity = none
+
+# CA2311: Do not deserialize without first setting NetDataContractSerializer.Binder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2311.severity = none
+
+# CA2312: Ensure NetDataContractSerializer.Binder is set before deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2312.severity = none
+
+# CA2315: Do not use insecure deserializer ObjectStateFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2315.severity = none
+
+# CA2321: Do not deserialize with JavaScriptSerializer using a SimpleTypeResolver
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2321.severity = none
+
+# CA2322: Ensure JavaScriptSerializer is not initialized with SimpleTypeResolver before deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2322.severity = none
+
+# CA2326: Do not use TypeNameHandling values other than None
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2326.severity = none
+
+# CA2327: Do not use insecure JsonSerializerSettings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2327.severity = none
+
+# CA2328: Ensure that JsonSerializerSettings are secure
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2328.severity = none
+
+# CA2329: Do not deserialize with JsonSerializer using an insecure configuration
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2329.severity = none
+
+# CA2330: Ensure that JsonSerializer has a secure configuration when deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2330.severity = none
+
+# CA2350: Do not use DataTable.ReadXml() with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2350.severity = none
+
+# CA2351: Do not use DataSet.ReadXml() with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2351.severity = none
+
+# CA2352: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in serializable type can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2352.severity = none
+
+# CA2353: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in serializable type
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2353.severity = none
+
+# CA2354: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in deserialized object graph can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2354.severity = none
+
+# CA2355: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable type found in deserializable object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2355.severity = none
+
+# CA2356: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable type in web deserializable object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2356.severity = none
+
+# CA2361: Ensure auto-generated class containing DataSet.ReadXml() is not used with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2361.severity = none
+
+# CA2362: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in auto-generated serializable type can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2362.severity = none
+
+# CA3001: Review code for SQL injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3001.severity = none
+
+# CA3002: Review code for XSS vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3002.severity = none
+
+# CA3003: Review code for file path injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3003.severity = none
+
+# CA3004: Review code for information disclosure vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3004.severity = none
+
+# CA3005: Review code for LDAP injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3005.severity = none
+
+# CA3006: Review code for process command injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3006.severity = none
+
+# CA3007: Review code for open redirect vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3007.severity = none
+
+# CA3008: Review code for XPath injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3008.severity = none
+
+# CA3009: Review code for XML injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3009.severity = none
+
+# CA3010: Review code for XAML injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3010.severity = none
+
+# CA3011: Review code for DLL injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3011.severity = none
+
+# CA3012: Review code for regex injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3012.severity = none
+
+# CA3061: Do Not Add Schema By URL
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3061.severity = warning
+
+# CA3075: Insecure DTD processing in XML
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3075.severity = warning
+
+# CA3076: Insecure XSLT script processing.
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3076.severity = warning
+
+# CA3077: Insecure Processing in API Design, XmlDocument and XmlTextReader
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3077.severity = warning
+
+# CA3147: Mark Verb Handlers With Validate Antiforgery Token
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3147.severity = warning
+
+# CA5350: Do Not Use Weak Cryptographic Algorithms
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5350.severity = warning
+
+# CA5351: Do Not Use Broken Cryptographic Algorithms
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5351.severity = warning
+
+# CA5358: Review cipher mode usage with cryptography experts
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5358.severity = none
+
+# CA5359: Do Not Disable Certificate Validation
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5359.severity = warning
+
+# CA5360: Do Not Call Dangerous Methods In Deserialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5360.severity = warning
+
+# CA5361: Do Not Disable SChannel Use of Strong Crypto
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5361.severity = warning
+
+# CA5362: Potential reference cycle in deserialized object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5362.severity = none
+
+# CA5363: Do Not Disable Request Validation
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5363.severity = warning
+
+# CA5364: Do Not Use Deprecated Security Protocols
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5364.severity = warning
+
+# CA5365: Do Not Disable HTTP Header Checking
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5365.severity = warning
+
+# CA5366: Use XmlReader for 'DataSet.ReadXml()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5366.severity = none
+
+# CA5367: Do Not Serialize Types With Pointer Fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5367.severity = none
+
+# CA5368: Set ViewStateUserKey For Classes Derived From Page
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5368.severity = warning
+
+# CA5369: Use XmlReader for 'XmlSerializer.Deserialize()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5369.severity = none
+
+# CA5370: Use XmlReader for XmlValidatingReader constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5370.severity = warning
+
+# CA5371: Use XmlReader for 'XmlSchema.Read()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5371.severity = none
+
+# CA5372: Use XmlReader for XPathDocument constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5372.severity = none
+
+# CA5373: Do not use obsolete key derivation function
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5373.severity = warning
+
+# CA5374: Do Not Use XslTransform
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5374.severity = warning
+
+# CA5375: Do Not Use Account Shared Access Signature
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5375.severity = none
+
+# CA5376: Use SharedAccessProtocol HttpsOnly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5376.severity = warning
+
+# CA5377: Use Container Level Access Policy
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5377.severity = warning
+
+# CA5378: Do not disable ServicePointManagerSecurityProtocols
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5378.severity = warning
+
+# CA5379: Ensure Key Derivation Function algorithm is sufficiently strong
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5379.severity = warning
+
+# CA5380: Do Not Add Certificates To Root Store
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5380.severity = warning
+
+# CA5381: Ensure Certificates Are Not Added To Root Store
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5381.severity = warning
+
+# CA5382: Use Secure Cookies In ASP.NET Core
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5382.severity = none
+
+# CA5383: Ensure Use Secure Cookies In ASP.NET Core
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5383.severity = none
+
+# CA5384: Do Not Use Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5384.severity = warning
+
+# CA5385: Use Rivest�Shamir�Adleman (RSA) Algorithm With Sufficient Key Size
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5385.severity = warning
+
+# CA5386: Avoid hardcoding SecurityProtocolType value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5386.severity = none
+
+# CA5387: Do Not Use Weak Key Derivation Function With Insufficient Iteration Count
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5387.severity = none
+
+# CA5388: Ensure Sufficient Iteration Count When Using Weak Key Derivation Function
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5388.severity = none
+
+# CA5389: Do Not Add Archive Item's Path To The Target File System Path
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5389.severity = none
+
+# CA5390: Do not hard-code encryption key
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5390.severity = none
+
+# CA5391: Use antiforgery tokens in ASP.NET Core MVC controllers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5391.severity = none
+
+# CA5392: Use DefaultDllImportSearchPaths attribute for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5392.severity = none
+
+# CA5393: Do not use unsafe DllImportSearchPath value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5393.severity = none
+
+# CA5394: Do not use insecure randomness
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5394.severity = none
+
+# CA5395: Miss HttpVerb attribute for action methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5395.severity = none
+
+# CA5396: Set HttpOnly to true for HttpCookie
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5396.severity = none
+
+# CA5397: Do not use deprecated SslProtocols values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5397.severity = none
+
+# CA5398: Avoid hardcoded SslProtocols values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5398.severity = none
+
+# CA5399: HttpClients should enable certificate revocation list checks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5399.severity = none
+
+# CA5400: Ensure HttpClient certificate revocation list check is not disabled
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5400.severity = none
+
+# CA5401: Do not use CreateEncryptor with non-default IV
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5401.severity = none
+
+# CA5402: Use CreateEncryptor with the default IV 
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5402.severity = none
+
+# CA5403: Do not hard-code certificate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5403.severity = none
+
+# CA5404: Do not disable token validation checks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5404.severity = none
+
+# CA5405: Do not always skip token validation in delegates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5405.severity = none
+
+# IL3000: Avoid using accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single-file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3000.severity = warning
+
+# IL3001: Avoid using accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single-file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3001.severity = warning
+
+# IL3002: Using member with RequiresAssemblyFilesAttribute can break functionality when embedded in a single-file app
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3002.severity = warning
+
+# SA0001: XML comments
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA0001.severity = none
+
+# SA1000: Spacing around keywords
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1000.severity = warning
+
+# SA1001: Commas should not be preceded by whitespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1001.severity = warning
+
+# SA1002: Semicolons should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1002.severity = none
+
+# SA1003: Operator should not appear at the end of a line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1003.severity = none
+
+# SA1004: Documentation line should begin with a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1004.severity = none
+
+# SA1005: Single line comment should begin with a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1005.severity = none
+
+# SA1008: Opening parenthesis should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1008.severity = none
+
+# SA1009: Closing parenthesis should not be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1009.severity = none
+
+# SA1010: Opening square brackets should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1010.severity = none
+
+# SA1011: Closing square bracket should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1011.severity = none
+
+# SA1012: Opening brace should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1012.severity = none
+
+# SA1013: Closing brace should be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1013.severity = none
+
+# SA1014: Opening generic brackets should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1014.severity = warning
+
+# SA1015: Closing generic bracket should not be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1015.severity = none
+
+# SA1018: Nullable type symbol should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1018.severity = warning
+
+# SA1020: Increment symbol should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1020.severity = warning
+
+# SA1021: Negative sign should be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1021.severity = none
+
+# SA1023: Dereference symbol '*' should not be preceded by a space."
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1023.severity = none
+
+# SA1024: Colon should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1024.severity = none
+
+# SA1025: Code should not contain multiple whitespace characters in a row
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1025.severity = none
+
+# SA1026: Keyword followed by span or blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1026.severity = warning
+
+# SA1027: Tabs and spaces should be used correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1027.severity = warning
+
+# SA1028: Code should not contain trailing whitespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1028.severity = warning
+
+# SA1100: Do not prefix calls with base unless local implementation exists
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1100.severity = none
+
+# SA1101: Prefix local calls with this
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1101.severity = none
+
+# SA1102: Query clause should follow previous clause
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1102.severity = warning
+
+# SA1105: Query clauses spanning multiple lines should begin on own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1105.severity = warning
+
+# SA1106: Code should not contain empty statements
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1106.severity = none
+
+# SA1107: Code should not contain multiple statements on one line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1107.severity = none
+
+# SA1108: Block statements should not contain embedded comments
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1108.severity = none
+
+# SA1110: Opening parenthesis or bracket should be on declaration line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1110.severity = none
+
+# SA1111: Closing parenthesis should be on line of last parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1111.severity = none
+
+# SA1113: Comma should be on the same line as previous parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1113.severity = warning
+
+# SA1114: Parameter list should follow declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1114.severity = none
+
+# SA1115: Parameter should begin on the line after the previous parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1115.severity = warning
+
+# SA1116: Split parameters should start on line after declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1116.severity = none
+
+# SA1117: Parameters should be on same line or separate lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1117.severity = none
+
+# SA1118: Parameter should not span multiple lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1118.severity = none
+
+# SA1119: Statement should not use unnecessary parenthesis
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1119.severity = none
+
+# SA1120: Comments should contain text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1120.severity = none
+
+# SA1121: Use built-in type alias
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1121.severity = warning
+
+# SA1122: Use string.Empty for empty strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1122.severity = none
+
+# SA1123: Region should not be located within a code element
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1123.severity = none
+
+# SA1124: Do not use regions
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1124.severity = none
+
+# SA1125: Use shorthand for nullable types
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1125.severity = none
+
+# SA1127: Generic type constraints should be on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1127.severity = none
+
+# SA1128: Put constructor initializers on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1128.severity = none
+
+# SA1129: Do not use default value type constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1129.severity = warning
+
+# SA1130: Use lambda syntax
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1130.severity = none
+
+# SA1131: Constant values should appear on the right-hand side of comparisons
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1131.severity = none
+
+# SA1132: Do not combine fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1132.severity = none
+
+# SA1133: Do not combine attributes
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1133.severity = none
+
+# SA1134: Each attribute should be placed on its own line of code
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1134.severity = none
+
+# SA1135: Using directive should be qualified
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1135.severity = none
+
+# SA1136: Enum values should be on separate lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1136.severity = none
+
+# SA1137: Elements should have the same indentation
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1137.severity = none
+
+# SA1139: Use literal suffix notation instead of casting
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1139.severity = none
+
+# SA1141: Use tuple syntax
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1141.severity = warning
+
+# SA1142: Refer to tuple elements by name
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1142.severity = warning
+
+# SA1200: Using directive should appear within a namespace declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1200.severity = none
+
+# SA1201: Elements should appear in the correct order
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1201.severity = none
+
+# SA1202: Elements should be ordered by access
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1202.severity = none
+
+# SA1203: Constants should appear before fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1203.severity = none
+
+# SA1204: Static elements should appear before instance elements
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1204.severity = none
+
+# SA1205: Partial elements should declare an access modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1205.severity = warning
+
+# SA1206: Keyword ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1206.severity = warning
+
+# SA1208: Using directive ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1208.severity = none
+
+# SA1209: Using alias directives should be placed after all using namespace directives
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1209.severity = none
+
+# SA1210: Using directives should be ordered alphabetically by the namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1210.severity = none
+
+# SA1211: Using alias directive ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1211.severity = none
+
+# SA1212: A get accessor appears after a set accessor within a property or indexer
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1212.severity = warning
+
+# SA1214: Readonly fields should appear before non-readonly fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1214.severity = none
+
+# SA1216: Using static directives should be placed at the correct location
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1216.severity = none
+
+# SA1300: Element should begin with an uppercase letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1300.severity = none
+
+# SA1302: Interface names should begin with I
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1302.severity = warning
+
+# SA1303: Const field names should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1303.severity = none
+
+# SA1304: Non-private readonly fields should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1304.severity = none
+
+# SA1306: Field should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1306.severity = none
+
+# SA1307: Field should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1307.severity = none
+
+# SA1308: Field should not begin with the prefix 's_'
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1308.severity = none
+
+# SA1309: Field names should not begin with underscore
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1309.severity = none
+
+# SA1310: Field should not contain an underscore
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1310.severity = none
+
+# SA1311: Static readonly fields should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1311.severity = none
+
+# SA1312: Variable should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1312.severity = none
+
+# SA1313: Parameter should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1313.severity = none
+
+# SA1314: Type parameter names should begin with T
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1314.severity = none
+
+# SA1316: Tuple element names should use correct casing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1316.severity = none
+
+# SA1400: Member should declare an access modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1400.severity = warning
+
+# SA1401: Fields should be private
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1401.severity = none
+
+# SA1402: File may only contain a single type
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1402.severity = none
+
+# SA1403: File may only contain a single namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1403.severity = none
+
+# SA1404: Code analysis suppression should have justification
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1404.severity = warning
+
+# SA1405: Debug.Assert should provide message text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1405.severity = none
+
+# SA1407: Arithmetic expressions should declare precedence
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1407.severity = none
+
+# SA1408: Conditional expressions should declare precedence
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1408.severity = none
+
+# SA1410: Remove delegate parentheses when possible
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1410.severity = warning
+
+# SA1411: Attribute constructor shouldn't use unnecessary parenthesis
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1411.severity = warning
+
+# SA1413: Use trailing comma in multi-line initializers
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1413.severity = none
+
+# SA1414: Tuple types in signatures should have element names
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1414.severity = none
+
+# SA1500: Braces for multi-line statements should not share line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1500.severity = none
+
+# SA1501: Statement should not be on a single line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1501.severity = none
+
+# SA1502: Element should not be on a single line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1502.severity = none
+
+# SA1503: Braces should not be omitted
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1503.severity = none
+
+# SA1504: All accessors should be single-line or multi-line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1504.severity = none
+
+# SA1505: An opening brace should not be followed by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1505.severity = none
+
+# SA1506: Element documentation headers should not be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1506.severity = none
+
+# SA1507: Code should not contain multiple blank lines in a row
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1507.severity = none
+
+# SA1508: A closing brace should not be preceded by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1508.severity = none
+
+# SA1509: Opening braces should not be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1509.severity = none
+
+# SA1510: 'else' statement should not be preceded by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1510.severity = none
+
+# SA1512: Single-line comments should not be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1512.severity = none
+
+# SA1513: Closing brace should be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1513.severity = none
+
+# SA1514: Element documentation header should be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1514.severity = none
+
+# SA1515: Single-line comment should be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1515.severity = none
+
+# SA1516: Elements should be separated by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1516.severity = none
+
+# SA1517: Code should not contain blank lines at start of file
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1517.severity = warning
+
+# SA1518: Code should not contain blank lines at the end of the file
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1518.severity = warning
+
+# SA1519: Braces should not be omitted from multi-line child statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1519.severity = none
+
+# SA1520: Use braces consistently
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1520.severity = none
+
+# SA1600: Elements should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1600.severity = none
+
+# SA1601: Partial elements should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1601.severity = none
+
+# SA1602: Enumeration items should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1602.severity = none
+
+# SA1604: Element documentation should have summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1604.severity = none
+
+# SA1605: Partial element documentation should have summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1605.severity = none
+
+# SA1606: Element documentation should have summary text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1606.severity = none
+
+# SA1608: Element documentation should not have default summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1608.severity = none
+
+# SA1610: Property documentation should have value text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1610.severity = none
+
+# SA1611: The documentation for parameter 'message' is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1611.severity = none
+
+# SA1612: The parameter documentation is at incorrect position
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1612.severity = none
+
+# SA1614: Element parameter documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1614.severity = none
+
+# SA1615: Element return value should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1615.severity = none
+
+# SA1616: Element return value documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1616.severity = none
+
+# SA1618: The documentation for type parameter is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1618.severity = none
+
+# SA1619: The documentation for type parameter is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1619.severity = none
+
+# SA1622: Generic type parameter documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1622.severity = none
+
+# SA1623: Property documentation text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1623.severity = none
+
+# SA1624: Because the property only contains a visible get accessor, the documentation summary text should begin with 'Gets'
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1624.severity = none
+
+# SA1625: Element documentation should not be copied and pasted
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1625.severity = none
+
+# SA1626: Single-line comments should not use documentation style slashes
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1626.severity = none
+
+# SA1627: The documentation text within the \'exception\' tag should not be empty
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1627.severity = none
+
+# SA1629: Documentation text should end with a period
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1629.severity = none
+
+# SA1633: File should have header
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1633.severity = none
+
+# SA1642: Constructor summary documentation should begin with standard text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1642.severity = none
+
+# SA1643: Destructor summary documentation should begin with standard text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1643.severity = none
+
+# SA1649: File name should match first type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1649.severity = none
+
+# IDE0001: Simplify name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0001.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0002: Simplify member access
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0002.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0003: Remove this or Me qualification
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0003.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0004: Remove Unnecessary Cast
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0004.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0005: Using directive is unnecessary.
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0005.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0007: Use implicit type
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0007.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0008: Use explicit type
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0008.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0009: Add this or Me qualification
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0009.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0010: Add missing cases
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0010.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0011: Add braces
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0011.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0016: Use 'throw' expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0016.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0017: Simplify object initialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0017.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0018: Inline variable declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0018.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0019: Use pattern matching to avoid as followed by a null check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0019.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0020: Use pattern matching to avoid is check followed by a cast (with variable)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0020.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0021: Use expression body for constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0021.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0022: Use expression body for methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0022.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0023: Use expression body for operators
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0023.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0024: Use expression body for operators
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0024.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0025: Use expression body for properties
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0025.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0026: Use expression body for indexers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0026.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0027: Use expression body for accessors
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0027.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0028: Simplify collection initialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0028.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0029: Use coalesce expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0029.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0030: Use coalesce expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0030.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0031: Use null propagation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0031.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0032: Use auto property
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0032.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0033: Use explicitly provided tuple name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0033.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0034: Simplify 'default' expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0034.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0035: Remove unreachable code
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0035.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0036: Order modifiers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0036.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0037: Use inferred member name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0037.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0038: Use pattern matching to avoid is check followed by a cast (without variable)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0038.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0039: Use local function
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0039.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0040: Add accessibility modifiers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0040.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0041: Use 'is null' check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0041.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0042: Deconstruct variable declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0042.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0043: Invalid format string
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0043.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0044: Add readonly modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0044.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0045: Use conditional expression for assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0045.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0046: Use conditional expression for return
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0046.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0047: Remove unnecessary parentheses
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0047.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0048: Add parentheses for clarity
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0048.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0049: Use language keywords instead of framework type names for type references
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0049.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0050: Convert anonymous type to tuple
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0050.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0051: Remove unused private members
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0051.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0052: Remove unread private members
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0052.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0053: Use expression body for lambdas
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0053.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0054: Use compound assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0054.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0055: Fix formatting
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0055.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0056: Use index operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0056.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0057: Use range operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0057.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0058: Expression value is never used
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0058.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0059: Unnecessary assignment of a value
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0059.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0060: Remove unused parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0060.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0061: Use expression body for local functions
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0061.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0062: Make local function 'static'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0062.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0063: Use simple 'using' statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0063.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0064: Make readonly fields writable
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0064.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0065: Misplaced using directive
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0065.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0066: Convert switch statement to expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0066.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0070: Use 'System.HashCode'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0070.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0071: Simplify interpolation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0071.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0072: Add missing cases
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0072.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0073: The file header is missing or not located at the top of the file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0073.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0074: Use compound assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0074.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0075: Simplify conditional expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0075.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0076: Invalid global 'SuppressMessageAttribute'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0076.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0077: Avoid legacy format target in 'SuppressMessageAttribute'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0077.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0078: Use pattern matching
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0078.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0079: Remove unnecessary suppression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0079.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0080: Remove unnecessary suppression operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0080.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0081: Remove unnecessary suppression operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0081.severity = none
+
+# IDE0082: 'typeof' can be converted  to 'nameof'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0082.severity = warning
+
+# IDE0083: Use pattern matching
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0083.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0084: Use pattern matching (IsNot operator)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0084.severity = none
+
+# IDE0090: Use 'new(...)'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0090.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0100: Remove redundant equality
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0100.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0110: Remove unnecessary discard
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0110.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE0120: Simplify LINQ expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0120.severity = none
+
+# IDE0130: Namespace does not match folder structure
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0130.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0140: Simplify object creation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0140.severity = none
+
+# IDE0150: Prefer 'null' check over type check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0150.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0160: Convert to block scoped namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0160.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0161: Convert to file-scoped namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0161.severity = silent
+
+# IDE1005: Delegate invocation can be simplified.
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE1005.severity = suggestion
+
+# IDE1006: Naming styles
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE1006.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2000: Allow multiple blank lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2000.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2001: Embedded statements must be on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2001.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2002: Consecutive braces must not have blank line between them
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2002.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2003: Allow statement immediately after block
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2003.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2004: Blank line not allowed after constructor initializer colon
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2004.severity = silent
+
+# !!! OVERRIDES
+# !!! Note: It is preferred to minimize the overrides if possible (just to follow the MS dotnet convention as much as possible)
+
+# IDE0008: Use explicit type
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0008.severity = none
diff --git a/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig b/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffb541fa360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,1729 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# !!! Original: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/main/eng/CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig
+# !!! Any overrides should be added to the end of the file
+
+is_global = true
+
+# AD0001: Analyzer threw an exception
+dotnet_diagnostic.AD0001.severity = none
+
+# BCL0001: Ensure minimum API surface is respected
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0001.severity = none
+
+# BCL0010: AppContext default value expected to be true
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0010.severity = none
+
+# BCL0011: AppContext default value defined in if statement with incorrect pattern
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0011.severity = none
+
+# BCL0012: AppContext default value defined in if statement at root of switch case
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0012.severity = none
+
+# BCL0015: Invalid P/Invoke call
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0015.severity = none
+
+# BCL0020: Invalid SR.Format call
+dotnet_diagnostic.BCL0020.severity = none
+
+# CA1000: Do not declare static members on generic types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1000.severity = none
+
+# CA1001: Types that own disposable fields should be disposable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1001.severity = none
+
+# CA1002: Do not expose generic lists
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1002.severity = none
+
+# CA1003: Use generic event handler instances
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1003.severity = none
+
+# CA1005: Avoid excessive parameters on generic types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1005.severity = none
+
+# CA1008: Enums should have zero value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1008.severity = none
+
+# CA1010: Generic interface should also be implemented
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1010.severity = none
+
+# CA1012: Abstract types should not have public constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1012.severity = none
+
+# CA1014: Mark assemblies with CLSCompliant
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1014.severity = none
+
+# CA1016: Mark assemblies with assembly version
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1016.severity = none
+
+# CA1017: Mark assemblies with ComVisible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1017.severity = none
+
+# CA1018: Mark attributes with AttributeUsageAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1018.severity = none
+
+# CA1019: Define accessors for attribute arguments
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1019.severity = none
+
+# CA1021: Avoid out parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1021.severity = none
+
+# CA1024: Use properties where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1024.severity = none
+
+# CA1027: Mark enums with FlagsAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1027.severity = none
+
+# CA1028: Enum Storage should be Int32
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1028.severity = none
+
+# CA1030: Use events where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1030.severity = none
+
+# CA1031: Do not catch general exception types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1031.severity = none
+
+# CA1032: Implement standard exception constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1032.severity = none
+
+# CA1033: Interface methods should be callable by child types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1033.severity = none
+
+# CA1034: Nested types should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1034.severity = none
+
+# CA1036: Override methods on comparable types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1036.severity = none
+
+# CA1040: Avoid empty interfaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1040.severity = none
+
+# CA1041: Provide ObsoleteAttribute message
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1041.severity = none
+
+# CA1043: Use Integral Or String Argument For Indexers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1043.severity = none
+
+# CA1044: Properties should not be write only
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1044.severity = none
+
+# CA1045: Do not pass types by reference
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1045.severity = none
+
+# CA1046: Do not overload equality operator on reference types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1046.severity = none
+
+# CA1047: Do not declare protected member in sealed type
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1047.severity = none
+
+# CA1050: Declare types in namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1050.severity = none
+
+# CA1051: Do not declare visible instance fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1051.severity = none
+
+# CA1052: Static holder types should be Static or NotInheritable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1052.severity = none
+
+# CA1054: URI-like parameters should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1054.severity = none
+
+# CA1055: URI-like return values should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1055.severity = none
+
+# CA1056: URI-like properties should not be strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1056.severity = none
+
+# CA1058: Types should not extend certain base types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1058.severity = none
+
+# CA1060: Move pinvokes to native methods class
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1060.severity = none
+
+# CA1061: Do not hide base class methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1061.severity = none
+
+# CA1062: Validate arguments of public methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1062.severity = none
+
+# CA1063: Implement IDisposable Correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1063.severity = none
+
+# CA1064: Exceptions should be public
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1064.severity = none
+
+# CA1065: Do not raise exceptions in unexpected locations
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1065.severity = none
+
+# CA1066: Implement IEquatable when overriding Object.Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1066.severity = none
+
+# CA1067: Override Object.Equals(object) when implementing IEquatable<T>
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1067.severity = none
+
+# CA1068: CancellationToken parameters must come last
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1068.severity = none
+
+# CA1069: Enums values should not be duplicated
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1069.severity = none
+
+# CA1070: Do not declare event fields as virtual
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1070.severity = none
+
+# CA1200: Avoid using cref tags with a prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1200.severity = none
+
+# CA1303: Do not pass literals as localized parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1303.severity = none
+
+# CA1304: Specify CultureInfo
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1304.severity = none
+
+# CA1305: Specify IFormatProvider
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1305.severity = none
+
+# CA1307: Specify StringComparison for clarity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1307.severity = none
+
+# CA1308: Normalize strings to uppercase
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = none
+
+# CA1309: Use ordinal string comparison
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1309.severity = none
+
+# CA1310: Specify StringComparison for correctness
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1310.severity = none
+
+# CA1401: P/Invokes should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1401.severity = none
+
+# CA1416: Validate platform compatibility
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1416.severity = none
+
+# CA1417: Do not use 'OutAttribute' on string parameters for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1417.severity = none
+
+# CA1418: Use valid platform string
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1418.severity = none
+
+# CA1419: Provide a parameterless constructor that is as visible as the containing type for concrete types derived from 'System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1419.severity = none
+
+# CA1501: Avoid excessive inheritance
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1501.severity = none
+
+# CA1502: Avoid excessive complexity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1502.severity = none
+
+# CA1505: Avoid unmaintainable code
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1505.severity = none
+
+# CA1506: Avoid excessive class coupling
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1506.severity = none
+
+# CA1507: Use nameof to express symbol names
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1507.severity = none
+
+# CA1508: Avoid dead conditional code
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1508.severity = none
+
+# CA1509: Invalid entry in code metrics rule specification file
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1509.severity = none
+
+# CA1700: Do not name enum values 'Reserved'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1700.severity = none
+
+# CA1707: Identifiers should not contain underscores
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1707.severity = none
+
+# CA1708: Identifiers should differ by more than case
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1708.severity = none
+
+# CA1710: Identifiers should have correct suffix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1710.severity = none
+
+# CA1711: Identifiers should not have incorrect suffix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1711.severity = none
+
+# CA1712: Do not prefix enum values with type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1712.severity = none
+
+# CA1713: Events should not have 'Before' or 'After' prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1713.severity = none
+
+# CA1715: Identifiers should have correct prefix
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1715.severity = none
+
+# CA1716: Identifiers should not match keywords
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1716.severity = none
+
+# CA1720: Identifier contains type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1720.severity = none
+
+# CA1721: Property names should not match get methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1721.severity = none
+
+# CA1724: Type names should not match namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1724.severity = none
+
+# CA1725: Parameter names should match base declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1725.severity = none
+
+# CA1727: Use PascalCase for named placeholders
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1727.severity = none
+
+# CA1802: Use literals where appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1802.severity = none
+
+# CA1805: Do not initialize unnecessarily
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1805.severity = none
+
+# CA1806: Do not ignore method results
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1806.severity = none
+
+# CA1810: Initialize reference type static fields inline
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1810.severity = none
+
+# CA1812: Avoid uninstantiated internal classes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1812.severity = none
+
+# CA1813: Avoid unsealed attributes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1813.severity = none
+
+# CA1814: Prefer jagged arrays over multidimensional
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1814.severity = none
+
+# CA1815: Override equals and operator equals on value types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1815.severity = none
+
+# CA1816: Dispose methods should call SuppressFinalize
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1816.severity = none
+
+# CA1819: Properties should not return arrays
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1819.severity = none
+
+# CA1820: Test for empty strings using string length
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1820.severity = none
+
+# CA1821: Remove empty Finalizers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1821.severity = none
+
+# CA1822: Mark members as static
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1822.severity = none
+
+# CA1823: Avoid unused private fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1823.severity = none
+
+# CA1824: Mark assemblies with NeutralResourcesLanguageAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1824.severity = none
+
+# CA1825: Avoid zero-length array allocations.
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1825.severity = none
+
+# CA1826: Do not use Enumerable methods on indexable collections
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1826.severity = none
+
+# CA1827: Do not use Count() or LongCount() when Any() can be used
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1827.severity = none
+
+# CA1828: Do not use CountAsync() or LongCountAsync() when AnyAsync() can be used
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1828.severity = none
+
+# CA1829: Use Length/Count property instead of Count() when available
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1829.severity = none
+
+# CA1830: Prefer strongly-typed Append and Insert method overloads on StringBuilder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1830.severity = none
+
+# CA1831: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1831.severity = none
+
+# CA1832: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1832.severity = none
+
+# CA1833: Use AsSpan or AsMemory instead of Range-based indexers when appropriate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1833.severity = none
+
+# CA1834: Consider using 'StringBuilder.Append(char)' when applicable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1834.severity = none
+
+# CA1835: Prefer the 'Memory'-based overloads for 'ReadAsync' and 'WriteAsync'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1835.severity = none
+
+# CA1836: Prefer IsEmpty over Count
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1836.severity = none
+
+# CA1837: Use 'Environment.ProcessId'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1837.severity = none
+
+# CA1838: Avoid 'StringBuilder' parameters for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1838.severity = none
+
+# CA1839: Use 'Environment.ProcessPath'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1839.severity = none
+
+# CA1840: Use 'Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1840.severity = none
+
+# CA1841: Prefer Dictionary.Contains methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1841.severity = none
+
+# CA1842: Do not use 'WhenAll' with a single task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1842.severity = none
+
+# CA1843: Do not use 'WaitAll' with a single task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1843.severity = none
+
+# CA1844: Provide memory-based overrides of async methods when subclassing 'Stream'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1844.severity = none
+
+# CA1845: Use span-based 'string.Concat'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1845.severity = none
+
+# CA1846: Prefer 'AsSpan' over 'Substring'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1846.severity = none
+
+# CA1847: Use char literal for a single character lookup
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1847.severity = none
+
+# CA1848: Use the LoggerMessage delegates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1848.severity = none
+
+# CA1849: Call async methods when in an async method
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1849.severity = none
+
+# CA1850: Prefer static 'HashData' method over 'ComputeHash'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1850.severity = none
+
+# CA2000: Dispose objects before losing scope
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2000.severity = none
+
+# CA2002: Do not lock on objects with weak identity
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2002.severity = none
+
+# CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = none
+
+# CA2008: Do not create tasks without passing a TaskScheduler
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2008.severity = none
+
+# CA2009: Do not call ToImmutableCollection on an ImmutableCollection value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2009.severity = none
+
+# CA2011: Avoid infinite recursion
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2011.severity = none
+
+# CA2012: Use ValueTasks correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2012.severity = none
+
+# CA2013: Do not use ReferenceEquals with value types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2013.severity = none
+
+# CA2014: Do not use stackalloc in loops.
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2014.severity = none
+
+# CA2015: Do not define finalizers for types derived from MemoryManager<T>
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2015.severity = none
+
+# CA2016: Forward the 'CancellationToken' parameter to methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2016.severity = none
+
+# CA2017: Parameter count mismatch
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2017.severity = warning
+
+# CA2018: 'Buffer.BlockCopy' expects the number of bytes to be copied for the 'count' argument
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2018.severity = warning
+
+# CA2100: Review SQL queries for security vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2100.severity = none
+
+# CA2101: Specify marshaling for P/Invoke string arguments
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2101.severity = none
+
+# CA2109: Review visible event handlers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2109.severity = none
+
+# CA2119: Seal methods that satisfy private interfaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2119.severity = none
+
+# CA2153: Do Not Catch Corrupted State Exceptions
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2153.severity = none
+
+# CA2200: Rethrow to preserve stack details
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2200.severity = none
+
+# CA2201: Do not raise reserved exception types
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2201.severity = none
+
+# CA2207: Initialize value type static fields inline
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2207.severity = none
+
+# CA2208: Instantiate argument exceptions correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2208.severity = none
+
+# CA2211: Non-constant fields should not be visible
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2211.severity = none
+
+# CA2213: Disposable fields should be disposed
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2213.severity = none
+
+# CA2214: Do not call overridable methods in constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2214.severity = none
+
+# CA2215: Dispose methods should call base class dispose
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2215.severity = none
+
+# CA2216: Disposable types should declare finalizer
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2216.severity = none
+
+# CA2217: Do not mark enums with FlagsAttribute
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2217.severity = none
+
+# CA2218: Override GetHashCode on overriding Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2218.severity = none
+
+# CA2219: Do not raise exceptions in finally clauses
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2219.severity = none
+
+# CA2224: Override Equals on overloading operator equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2224.severity = none
+
+# CA2225: Operator overloads have named alternates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2225.severity = none
+
+# CA2226: Operators should have symmetrical overloads
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2226.severity = none
+
+# CA2227: Collection properties should be read only
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2227.severity = none
+
+# CA2229: Implement serialization constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2229.severity = none
+
+# CA2231: Overload operator equals on overriding value type Equals
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2231.severity = none
+
+# CA2234: Pass system uri objects instead of strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2234.severity = none
+
+# CA2235: Mark all non-serializable fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2235.severity = none
+
+# CA2237: Mark ISerializable types with serializable
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2237.severity = none
+
+# CA2241: Provide correct arguments to formatting methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2241.severity = none
+
+# CA2242: Test for NaN correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2242.severity = none
+
+# CA2243: Attribute string literals should parse correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2243.severity = none
+
+# CA2244: Do not duplicate indexed element initializations
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2244.severity = none
+
+# CA2245: Do not assign a property to itself
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2245.severity = none
+
+# CA2246: Assigning symbol and its member in the same statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2246.severity = none
+
+# CA2247: Argument passed to TaskCompletionSource constructor should be TaskCreationOptions enum instead of TaskContinuationOptions enum
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2247.severity = none
+
+# CA2248: Provide correct 'enum' argument to 'Enum.HasFlag'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2248.severity = none
+
+# CA2249: Consider using 'string.Contains' instead of 'string.IndexOf'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2249.severity = none
+
+# CA2250: Use 'ThrowIfCancellationRequested'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2250.severity = none
+
+# CA2251: Use 'string.Equals'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2251.severity = none
+
+# CA2252: This API requires opting into preview features
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2252.severity = error
+
+# CA2253: Named placeholders should not be numeric values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2253.severity = none
+
+# CA2254: Template should be a static expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2254.severity = none
+
+# CA2255: The 'ModuleInitializer' attribute should not be used in libraries
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2255.severity = warning
+
+# CA2256: All members declared in parent interfaces must have an implementation in a DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementation-attributed interface
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2256.severity = warning
+
+# CA2257: Members defined on an interface with the 'DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementationAttribute' should be 'static'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2257.severity = warning
+
+# CA2258: Providing a 'DynamicInterfaceCastableImplementation' interface in Visual Basic is unsupported
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2258.severity = warning
+
+# CA2300: Do not use insecure deserializer BinaryFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2300.severity = none
+
+# CA2301: Do not call BinaryFormatter.Deserialize without first setting BinaryFormatter.Binder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2301.severity = none
+
+# CA2302: Ensure BinaryFormatter.Binder is set before calling BinaryFormatter.Deserialize
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2302.severity = none
+
+# CA2305: Do not use insecure deserializer LosFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2305.severity = none
+
+# CA2310: Do not use insecure deserializer NetDataContractSerializer
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2310.severity = none
+
+# CA2311: Do not deserialize without first setting NetDataContractSerializer.Binder
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2311.severity = none
+
+# CA2312: Ensure NetDataContractSerializer.Binder is set before deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2312.severity = none
+
+# CA2315: Do not use insecure deserializer ObjectStateFormatter
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2315.severity = none
+
+# CA2321: Do not deserialize with JavaScriptSerializer using a SimpleTypeResolver
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2321.severity = none
+
+# CA2322: Ensure JavaScriptSerializer is not initialized with SimpleTypeResolver before deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2322.severity = none
+
+# CA2326: Do not use TypeNameHandling values other than None
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2326.severity = none
+
+# CA2327: Do not use insecure JsonSerializerSettings
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2327.severity = none
+
+# CA2328: Ensure that JsonSerializerSettings are secure
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2328.severity = none
+
+# CA2329: Do not deserialize with JsonSerializer using an insecure configuration
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2329.severity = none
+
+# CA2330: Ensure that JsonSerializer has a secure configuration when deserializing
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2330.severity = none
+
+# CA2350: Do not use DataTable.ReadXml() with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2350.severity = none
+
+# CA2351: Do not use DataSet.ReadXml() with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2351.severity = none
+
+# CA2352: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in serializable type can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2352.severity = none
+
+# CA2353: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in serializable type
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2353.severity = none
+
+# CA2354: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in deserialized object graph can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2354.severity = none
+
+# CA2355: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable type found in deserializable object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2355.severity = none
+
+# CA2356: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable type in web deserializable object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2356.severity = none
+
+# CA2361: Ensure auto-generated class containing DataSet.ReadXml() is not used with untrusted data
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2361.severity = none
+
+# CA2362: Unsafe DataSet or DataTable in auto-generated serializable type can be vulnerable to remote code execution attacks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2362.severity = none
+
+# CA3001: Review code for SQL injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3001.severity = none
+
+# CA3002: Review code for XSS vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3002.severity = none
+
+# CA3003: Review code for file path injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3003.severity = none
+
+# CA3004: Review code for information disclosure vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3004.severity = none
+
+# CA3005: Review code for LDAP injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3005.severity = none
+
+# CA3006: Review code for process command injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3006.severity = none
+
+# CA3007: Review code for open redirect vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3007.severity = none
+
+# CA3008: Review code for XPath injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3008.severity = none
+
+# CA3009: Review code for XML injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3009.severity = none
+
+# CA3010: Review code for XAML injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3010.severity = none
+
+# CA3011: Review code for DLL injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3011.severity = none
+
+# CA3012: Review code for regex injection vulnerabilities
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3012.severity = none
+
+# CA3061: Do Not Add Schema By URL
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3061.severity = none
+
+# CA3075: Insecure DTD processing in XML
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3075.severity = none
+
+# CA3076: Insecure XSLT script processing.
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3076.severity = none
+
+# CA3077: Insecure Processing in API Design, XmlDocument and XmlTextReader
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3077.severity = none
+
+# CA3147: Mark Verb Handlers With Validate Antiforgery Token
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA3147.severity = none
+
+# CA5350: Do Not Use Weak Cryptographic Algorithms
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5350.severity = none
+
+# CA5351: Do Not Use Broken Cryptographic Algorithms
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5351.severity = none
+
+# CA5358: Review cipher mode usage with cryptography experts
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5358.severity = none
+
+# CA5359: Do Not Disable Certificate Validation
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5359.severity = none
+
+# CA5360: Do Not Call Dangerous Methods In Deserialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5360.severity = none
+
+# CA5361: Do Not Disable SChannel Use of Strong Crypto
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5361.severity = none
+
+# CA5362: Potential reference cycle in deserialized object graph
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5362.severity = none
+
+# CA5363: Do Not Disable Request Validation
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5363.severity = none
+
+# CA5364: Do Not Use Deprecated Security Protocols
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5364.severity = none
+
+# CA5365: Do Not Disable HTTP Header Checking
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5365.severity = none
+
+# CA5366: Use XmlReader for 'DataSet.ReadXml()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5366.severity = none
+
+# CA5367: Do Not Serialize Types With Pointer Fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5367.severity = none
+
+# CA5368: Set ViewStateUserKey For Classes Derived From Page
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5368.severity = none
+
+# CA5369: Use XmlReader for 'XmlSerializer.Deserialize()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5369.severity = none
+
+# CA5370: Use XmlReader for XmlValidatingReader constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5370.severity = none
+
+# CA5371: Use XmlReader for 'XmlSchema.Read()'
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5371.severity = none
+
+# CA5372: Use XmlReader for XPathDocument constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5372.severity = none
+
+# CA5373: Do not use obsolete key derivation function
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5373.severity = none
+
+# CA5374: Do Not Use XslTransform
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5374.severity = none
+
+# CA5375: Do Not Use Account Shared Access Signature
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5375.severity = none
+
+# CA5376: Use SharedAccessProtocol HttpsOnly
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5376.severity = none
+
+# CA5377: Use Container Level Access Policy
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5377.severity = none
+
+# CA5378: Do not disable ServicePointManagerSecurityProtocols
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5378.severity = none
+
+# CA5379: Ensure Key Derivation Function algorithm is sufficiently strong
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5379.severity = none
+
+# CA5380: Do Not Add Certificates To Root Store
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5380.severity = none
+
+# CA5381: Ensure Certificates Are Not Added To Root Store
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5381.severity = none
+
+# CA5382: Use Secure Cookies In ASP.Net Core
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5382.severity = none
+
+# CA5383: Ensure Use Secure Cookies In ASP.NET Core
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5383.severity = none
+
+# CA5384: Do Not Use Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5384.severity = none
+
+# CA5385: Use Rivest�Shamir�Adleman (RSA) Algorithm With Sufficient Key Size
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5385.severity = none
+
+# CA5386: Avoid hardcoding SecurityProtocolType value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5386.severity = none
+
+# CA5387: Do Not Use Weak Key Derivation Function With Insufficient Iteration Count
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5387.severity = none
+
+# CA5388: Ensure Sufficient Iteration Count When Using Weak Key Derivation Function
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5388.severity = none
+
+# CA5389: Do Not Add Archive Item's Path To The Target File System Path
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5389.severity = none
+
+# CA5390: Do not hard-code encryption key
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5390.severity = none
+
+# CA5391: Use antiforgery tokens in ASP.NET Core MVC controllers
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5391.severity = none
+
+# CA5392: Use DefaultDllImportSearchPaths attribute for P/Invokes
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5392.severity = none
+
+# CA5393: Do not use unsafe DllImportSearchPath value
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5393.severity = none
+
+# CA5394: Do not use insecure randomness
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5394.severity = none
+
+# CA5395: Miss HttpVerb attribute for action methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5395.severity = none
+
+# CA5396: Set HttpOnly to true for HttpCookie
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5396.severity = none
+
+# CA5397: Do not use deprecated SslProtocols values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5397.severity = none
+
+# CA5398: Avoid hardcoded SslProtocols values
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5398.severity = none
+
+# CA5399: HttpClients should enable certificate revocation list checks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5399.severity = none
+
+# CA5400: Ensure HttpClient certificate revocation list check is not disabled
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5400.severity = none
+
+# CA5401: Do not use CreateEncryptor with non-default IV
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5401.severity = none
+
+# CA5402: Use CreateEncryptor with the default IV 
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5402.severity = none
+
+# CA5403: Do not hard-code certificate
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5403.severity = none
+
+# CA5404: Do not disable token validation checks
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5404.severity = none
+
+# CA5405: Do not always skip token validation in delegates
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA5405.severity = none
+
+# IL3000: Avoid using accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single-file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3000.severity = none
+
+# IL3001: Avoid using accessing Assembly file path when publishing as a single-file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3001.severity = none
+
+# IL3002: Using member with RequiresAssemblyFilesAttribute can break functionality when embedded in a single-file app
+dotnet_diagnostic.IL3002.severity = none
+
+# SA0001: XML comments
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA0001.severity = none
+
+# SA1000: Spacing around keywords
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1000.severity = none
+
+# SA1001: Commas should not be preceded by whitespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1001.severity = none
+
+# SA1002: Semicolons should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1002.severity = none
+
+# SA1003: Operator should not appear at the end of a line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1003.severity = none
+
+# SA1004: Documentation line should begin with a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1004.severity = none
+
+# SA1005: Single line comment should begin with a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1005.severity = none
+
+# SA1008: Opening parenthesis should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1008.severity = none
+
+# SA1009: Closing parenthesis should not be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1009.severity = none
+
+# SA1010: Opening square brackets should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1010.severity = none
+
+# SA1011: Closing square bracket should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1011.severity = none
+
+# SA1012: Opening brace should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1012.severity = none
+
+# SA1013: Closing brace should be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1013.severity = none
+
+# SA1014: Opening generic brackets should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1014.severity = none
+
+# SA1015: Closing generic bracket should not be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1015.severity = none
+
+# SA1018: Nullable type symbol should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1018.severity = none
+
+# SA1020: Increment symbol should not be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1020.severity = none
+
+# SA1021: Negative sign should be preceded by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1021.severity = none
+
+# SA1023: Dereference symbol '*' should not be preceded by a space."
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1023.severity = none
+
+# SA1024: Colon should be followed by a space
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1024.severity = none
+
+# SA1025: Code should not contain multiple whitespace characters in a row
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1025.severity = none
+
+# SA1026: Keyword followed by span or blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1026.severity = none
+
+# SA1027: Tabs and spaces should be used correctly
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1027.severity = none
+
+# SA1028: Code should not contain trailing whitespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1028.severity = none
+
+# SA1100: Do not prefix calls with base unless local implementation exists
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1100.severity = none
+
+# SA1101: Prefix local calls with this
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1101.severity = none
+
+# SA1102: Query clause should follow previous clause
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1102.severity = none
+
+# SA1105: Query clauses spanning multiple lines should begin on own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1105.severity = none
+
+# SA1106: Code should not contain empty statements
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1106.severity = none
+
+# SA1107: Code should not contain multiple statements on one line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1107.severity = none
+
+# SA1108: Block statements should not contain embedded comments
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1108.severity = none
+
+# SA1110: Opening parenthesis or bracket should be on declaration line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1110.severity = none
+
+# SA1111: Closing parenthesis should be on line of last parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1111.severity = none
+
+# SA1113: Comma should be on the same line as previous parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1113.severity = none
+
+# SA1114: Parameter list should follow declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1114.severity = none
+
+# SA1115: Parameter should begin on the line after the previous parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1115.severity = none
+
+# SA1116: Split parameters should start on line after declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1116.severity = none
+
+# SA1117: Parameters should be on same line or separate lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1117.severity = none
+
+# SA1118: Parameter should not span multiple lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1118.severity = none
+
+# SA1119: Statement should not use unnecessary parenthesis
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1119.severity = none
+
+# SA1120: Comments should contain text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1120.severity = none
+
+# SA1121: Use built-in type alias
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1121.severity = none
+
+# SA1122: Use string.Empty for empty strings
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1122.severity = none
+
+# SA1123: Region should not be located within a code element
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1123.severity = none
+
+# SA1124: Do not use regions
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1124.severity = none
+
+# SA1125: Use shorthand for nullable types
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1125.severity = none
+
+# SA1127: Generic type constraints should be on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1127.severity = none
+
+# SA1128: Put constructor initializers on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1128.severity = none
+
+# SA1129: Do not use default value type constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1129.severity = none
+
+# SA1130: Use lambda syntax
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1130.severity = none
+
+# SA1131: Constant values should appear on the right-hand side of comparisons
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1131.severity = none
+
+# SA1132: Do not combine fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1132.severity = none
+
+# SA1133: Do not combine attributes
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1133.severity = none
+
+# SA1134: Each attribute should be placed on its own line of code
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1134.severity = none
+
+# SA1135: Using directive should be qualified
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1135.severity = none
+
+# SA1136: Enum values should be on separate lines
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1136.severity = none
+
+# SA1137: Elements should have the same indentation
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1137.severity = none
+
+# SA1139: Use literal suffix notation instead of casting
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1139.severity = none
+
+# SA1141: Use tuple syntax
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1141.severity = none
+
+# SA1142: Refer to tuple elements by name
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1142.severity = none
+
+# SA1200: Using directive should appear within a namespace declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1200.severity = none
+
+# SA1201: Elements should appear in the correct order
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1201.severity = none
+
+# SA1202: Elements should be ordered by access
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1202.severity = none
+
+# SA1203: Constants should appear before fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1203.severity = none
+
+# SA1204: Static elements should appear before instance elements
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1204.severity = none
+
+# SA1205: Partial elements should declare an access modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1205.severity = none
+
+# SA1206: Keyword ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1206.severity = none
+
+# SA1208: Using directive ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1208.severity = none
+
+# SA1209: Using alias directives should be placed after all using namespace directives
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1209.severity = none
+
+# SA1210: Using directives should be ordered alphabetically by the namespaces
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1210.severity = none
+
+# SA1211: Using alias directive ordering
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1211.severity = none
+
+# SA1212: A get accessor appears after a set accessor within a property or indexer
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1212.severity = none
+
+# SA1214: Readonly fields should appear before non-readonly fields
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1214.severity = none
+
+# SA1216: Using static directives should be placed at the correct location
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1216.severity = none
+
+# SA1300: Element should begin with an uppercase letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1300.severity = none
+
+# SA1302: Interface names should begin with I
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1302.severity = none
+
+# SA1303: Const field names should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1303.severity = none
+
+# SA1304: Non-private readonly fields should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1304.severity = none
+
+# SA1306: Field should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1306.severity = none
+
+# SA1307: Field should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1307.severity = none
+
+# SA1308: Field should not begin with the prefix 's_'
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1308.severity = none
+
+# SA1309: Field names should not begin with underscore
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1309.severity = none
+
+# SA1310: Field should not contain an underscore
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1310.severity = none
+
+# SA1311: Static readonly fields should begin with upper-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1311.severity = none
+
+# SA1312: Variable should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1312.severity = none
+
+# SA1313: Parameter should begin with lower-case letter
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1313.severity = none
+
+# SA1314: Type parameter names should begin with T
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1314.severity = none
+
+# SA1316: Tuple element names should use correct casing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1316.severity = none
+
+# SA1400: Member should declare an access modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1400.severity = none
+
+# SA1401: Fields should be private
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1401.severity = none
+
+# SA1402: File may only contain a single type
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1402.severity = none
+
+# SA1403: File may only contain a single namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1403.severity = none
+
+# SA1404: Code analysis suppression should have justification
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1404.severity = none
+
+# SA1405: Debug.Assert should provide message text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1405.severity = none
+
+# SA1407: Arithmetic expressions should declare precedence
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1407.severity = none
+
+# SA1408: Conditional expressions should declare precedence
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1408.severity = none
+
+# SA1410: Remove delegate parentheses when possible
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1410.severity = none
+
+# SA1411: Attribute constructor shouldn't use unnecessary parenthesis
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1411.severity = none
+
+# SA1413: Use trailing comma in multi-line initializers
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1413.severity = none
+
+# SA1414: Tuple types in signatures should have element names
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1414.severity = none
+
+# SA1500: Braces for multi-line statements should not share line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1500.severity = none
+
+# SA1501: Statement should not be on a single line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1501.severity = none
+
+# SA1502: Element should not be on a single line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1502.severity = none
+
+# SA1503: Braces should not be omitted
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1503.severity = none
+
+# SA1504: All accessors should be single-line or multi-line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1504.severity = none
+
+# SA1505: An opening brace should not be followed by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1505.severity = none
+
+# SA1506: Element documentation headers should not be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1506.severity = none
+
+# SA1507: Code should not contain multiple blank lines in a row
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1507.severity = none
+
+# SA1508: A closing brace should not be preceded by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1508.severity = none
+
+# SA1509: Opening braces should not be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1509.severity = none
+
+# SA1510: 'else' statement should not be preceded by a blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1510.severity = none
+
+# SA1512: Single-line comments should not be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1512.severity = none
+
+# SA1513: Closing brace should be followed by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1513.severity = none
+
+# SA1514: Element documentation header should be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1514.severity = none
+
+# SA1515: Single-line comment should be preceded by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1515.severity = none
+
+# SA1516: Elements should be separated by blank line
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1516.severity = none
+
+# SA1517: Code should not contain blank lines at start of file
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1517.severity = none
+
+# SA1518: Code should not contain blank lines at the end of the file
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1518.severity = none
+
+# SA1519: Braces should not be omitted from multi-line child statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1519.severity = none
+
+# SA1520: Use braces consistently
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1520.severity = none
+
+# SA1600: Elements should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1600.severity = none
+
+# SA1601: Partial elements should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1601.severity = none
+
+# SA1602: Enumeration items should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1602.severity = none
+
+# SA1604: Element documentation should have summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1604.severity = none
+
+# SA1605: Partial element documentation should have summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1605.severity = none
+
+# SA1606: Element documentation should have summary text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1606.severity = none
+
+# SA1608: Element documentation should not have default summary
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1608.severity = none
+
+# SA1610: Property documentation should have value text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1610.severity = none
+
+# SA1611: The documentation for parameter 'message' is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1611.severity = none
+
+# SA1612: The parameter documentation is at incorrect position
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1612.severity = none
+
+# SA1614: Element parameter documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1614.severity = none
+
+# SA1615: Element return value should be documented
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1615.severity = none
+
+# SA1616: Element return value documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1616.severity = none
+
+# SA1618: The documentation for type parameter is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1618.severity = none
+
+# SA1619: The documentation for type parameter is missing
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1619.severity = none
+
+# SA1622: Generic type parameter documentation should have text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1622.severity = none
+
+# SA1623: Property documentation text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1623.severity = none
+
+# SA1624: Because the property only contains a visible get accessor, the documentation summary text should begin with 'Gets'
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1624.severity = none
+
+# SA1625: Element documentation should not be copied and pasted
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1625.severity = none
+
+# SA1626: Single-line comments should not use documentation style slashes
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1626.severity = none
+
+# SA1627: The documentation text within the \'exception\' tag should not be empty
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1627.severity = none
+
+# SA1629: Documentation text should end with a period
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1629.severity = none
+
+# SA1633: File should have header
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1633.severity = none
+
+# SA1642: Constructor summary documentation should begin with standard text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1642.severity = none
+
+# SA1643: Destructor summary documentation should begin with standard text
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1643.severity = none
+
+# SA1649: File name should match first type name
+dotnet_diagnostic.SA1649.severity = none
+
+# IDE0001: Simplify name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0001.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0002: Simplify member access
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0002.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0003: Remove this or Me qualification
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0003.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0004: Remove Unnecessary Cast
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0004.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0005: Using directive is unnecessary.
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0005.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0007: Use implicit type
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0007.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0008: Use explicit type
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0008.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0009: Add this or Me qualification
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0009.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0010: Add missing cases
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0010.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0011: Add braces
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0011.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0016: Use 'throw' expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0016.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0017: Simplify object initialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0017.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0018: Inline variable declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0018.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0019: Use pattern matching to avoid as followed by a null check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0019.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0020: Use pattern matching to avoid is check followed by a cast (with variable)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0020.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0021: Use expression body for constructors
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0021.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0022: Use expression body for methods
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0022.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0023: Use expression body for operators
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0023.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0024: Use expression body for operators
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0024.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0025: Use expression body for properties
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0025.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0026: Use expression body for indexers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0026.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0027: Use expression body for accessors
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0027.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0028: Simplify collection initialization
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0028.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0029: Use coalesce expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0029.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0030: Use coalesce expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0030.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0031: Use null propagation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0031.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0032: Use auto property
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0032.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0033: Use explicitly provided tuple name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0033.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0034: Simplify 'default' expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0034.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0035: Remove unreachable code
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0035.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0036: Order modifiers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0036.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0037: Use inferred member name
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0037.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0038: Use pattern matching to avoid is check followed by a cast (without variable)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0038.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0039: Use local function
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0039.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0040: Add accessibility modifiers
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0040.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0041: Use 'is null' check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0041.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0042: Deconstruct variable declaration
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0042.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0043: Invalid format string
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0043.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0044: Add readonly modifier
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0044.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0045: Use conditional expression for assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0045.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0046: Use conditional expression for return
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0046.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0047: Remove unnecessary parentheses
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0047.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0048: Add parentheses for clarity
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0048.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0049: Use language keywords instead of framework type names for type references
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0049.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0050: Convert anonymous type to tuple
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0050.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0051: Remove unused private members
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0051.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0052: Remove unread private members
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0052.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0053: Use expression body for lambdas
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0053.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0054: Use compound assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0054.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0055: Fix formatting
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0055.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0056: Use index operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0056.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0057: Use range operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0057.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0058: Expression value is never used
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0058.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0059: Unnecessary assignment of a value
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0059.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0060: Remove unused parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0060.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0061: Use expression body for local functions
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0061.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0062: Make local function 'static'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0062.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0063: Use simple 'using' statement
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0063.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0064: Make readonly fields writable
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0064.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0065: Misplaced using directive
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0065.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0066: Convert switch statement to expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0066.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0070: Use 'System.HashCode'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0070.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0071: Simplify interpolation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0071.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0072: Add missing cases
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0072.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0073: The file header is missing or not located at the top of the file
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0073.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0074: Use compound assignment
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0074.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0075: Simplify conditional expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0075.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0076: Invalid global 'SuppressMessageAttribute'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0076.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0077: Avoid legacy format target in 'SuppressMessageAttribute'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0077.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0078: Use pattern matching
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0078.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0079: RemoveUnnecessarySuppression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0079.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0080: Remove unnecessary suppression operator
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0080.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0081: RemoveUnnecessaryByVal
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0081.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0082: 'typeof' can be converted  to 'nameof'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0082.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0083: Use pattern matching
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0083.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0084: Use pattern matching (IsNot operator)
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0084.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0090: Use 'new(...)'
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0090.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0100: Remove redundant equality
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0100.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0110: Remove unnecessary discard
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0110.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0120: Simplify LINQ expression
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0120.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0130: Namespace does not match folder structure
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0130.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0140: Simplify object creation
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0140.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0150: Prefer 'null' check over type check
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0150.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0160: Convert to block scoped namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0160.severity = silent
+
+# IDE0161: Convert to file-scoped namespace
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0161.severity = silent
+
+# IDE1005: Delegate invocation can be simplified.
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE1005.severity = silent
+
+# IDE1006: Naming Styles
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE1006.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2000: C#
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2000.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2001: Embedded statements must be on their own line
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2001.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2002: Consecutive braces must not have blank line between them
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2002.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2003: C#
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2003.severity = silent
+
+# IDE2004: Blank line not allowed after constructor initializer colon
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE2004.severity = silent
+
+# xUnit1000: Test classes must be public
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1000.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1001: Fact methods cannot have parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1001.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1002: Test methods cannot have multiple Fact or Theory attributes
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1002.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1003: Theory methods must have test data
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1003.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1004: Test methods should not be skipped
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1004.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1005: Fact methods should not have test data
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1005.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1006: Theory methods should have parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1006.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1007: ClassData must point at a valid class
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1007.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1008: Test data attribute should only be used on a Theory
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1008.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1009: InlineData must match the number of method parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1009.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1010: The value is not convertible to the method parameter type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1010.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1011: There is no matching method parameter
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1011.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1012: Null should not be used for value type parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1012.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1013: Public methods should be marked as test
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1013.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1014: MemberData should use nameof operator for member name
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1014.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1015: MemberData must reference an existing member
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1015.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1016: MemberData must reference a public member
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1016.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1017: MemberData must reference a static member
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1017.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1018: MemberData must reference a valid member kind
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1018.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1019: MemberData must reference a member providing a valid data type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1019.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1020: MemberData must reference a property with a getter
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1020.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1021: MemberData should not have parameters if the referenced member is not a method
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1021.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1022: Theory methods cannot have a parameter array
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1022.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1023: Theory methods cannot have default parameter values
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1023.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1024: Test methods cannot have overloads
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1024.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1025: InlineData should be unique within the Theory it belongs to
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1025.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit1026: Theory methods should use all of their parameters
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit1026.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2000: Constants and literals should be the expected argument
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2000.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2001: Do not use invalid equality check
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2001.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2002: Do not use null check on value type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2002.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2003: Do not use equality check to test for null value
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2003.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2004: Do not use equality check to test for boolean conditions
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2004.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2005: Do not use identity check on value type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2005.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2006: Do not use invalid string equality check
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2006.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2007: Do not use typeof expression to check the type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2007.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2008: Do not use boolean check to match on regular expressions
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2008.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2009: Do not use boolean check to check for substrings
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2009.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2010: Do not use boolean check to check for string equality
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2010.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2011: Do not use empty collection check
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2011.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2012: Do not use Enumerable.Any() to check if a value exists in a collection
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2012.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2013: Do not use equality check to check for collection size.
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2013.severity = none
+
+# xUnit2014: Do not use throws check to check for asynchronously thrown exception
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2014.severity = none
+
+# xUnit2015: Do not use typeof expression to check the exception type
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2015.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2016: Keep precision in the allowed range when asserting equality of doubles or decimals
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2016.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2017: Do not use Contains() to check if a value exists in a collection
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2017.severity = none
+
+# xUnit2018: Do not compare an object's exact type to an abstract class or interface
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2018.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit2019: Do not use obsolete throws check to check for asynchronously thrown exception
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit2019.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit3000: Test case classes must derive directly or indirectly from Xunit.LongLivedMarshalByRefObject
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit3000.severity = warning
+
+# xUnit3001: Classes that implement Xunit.Abstractions.IXunitSerializable must have a public parameterless constructor
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit3001.severity = warning
+
+# !!!
+dotnet_diagnostic.xUnit3001.severity = warning
+
+# !!! OVERRIDES
+# !!! Note: It is preferred to minimize the overrides if possible (just to follow the MS dotnet convention as much as possible)
diff --git a/lang/csharp/README.md b/lang/csharp/README.md
index 39dee79bb0c..9f6a79c958c 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/README.md
+++ b/lang/csharp/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Avro C# [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/apache/avro.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/apache/avro) [![NuGet Package](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/Apache.Avro.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro)
+# Avro C# [![Test C#](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-csharp.yml) [![NuGet Package](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/Apache.Avro.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Apache.Avro)
 
  [![Avro](https://avro.apache.org/images/avro-logo.png)](http://avro.apache.org/)
 
@@ -12,9 +12,26 @@ Install-Package Apache.Avro
 
 ## Build & Test
 
-1. Install [.NET SDK 5.0+](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core)
+1. Install [.NET SDK 8.0+](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core)
 2. `dotnet test`
 
+## Project Target Frameworks
+
+| Project             | Published to nuget.org     | Type       | .NET Standard 2.0  | .NET Standard 2.1 | .NET Core 3.1 | .NET 5.0  | .NET 6.0  | .NET 7.0  | .NET 8.0  |
+|:-------------------:|:--------------------------:|:----------:|:------------------:|:-----------------:|:-------------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|
+| Avro.main           | Apache.Avro                | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.File.Snappy    | Apache.Avro.File.Snappy    | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.File.BZip2     | Apache.Avro.File.BZip2     | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.File.XZ        | Apache.Avro.File.XZ        | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.File.Zstandard | Apache.Avro.File.Zstandard | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.codegen        | Apache.Avro.Tools          |  Exe        |                    |                   | ✔️            |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |
+| Avro.ipc            |                            | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.ipc.test       |                            | Unit Tests |                    |                   | ✔️            |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |
+| Avro.msbuild        |                            | Library    | ✔️                 | ✔️               |               |           |           |           |           |
+| Avro.perf           |                            | Exe        |                    |                   | ✔️            |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |
+| Avro.test           |                            | Unit Tests |                    |                   | ✔️            |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |
+| Avro.benchmark      |                            | Exe        |                    |                   | ✔️            |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |✔️        |
+
 ## Dependency package version strategy
 
 1. Use [`versions.props`](./versions.props) to specify package versions. `PackageReference` elements in `.csproj` files should use only version properties defined in [`versions.props`](./versions.props).
@@ -25,3 +42,7 @@ In short, we should only update the version of the dependencies in our libraries
 ## Notes
 
 The [LICENSE](./LICENSE) and [NOTICE](./NOTICE) files in the lang/csharp source directory are used to build the binary distribution. The [LICENSE.txt](../../LICENSE.txt) and [NOTICE.txt](../../NOTICE.txt) information for the Avro C# source distribution is in the root directory.
+
+## Styling Guidelines
+
+Can be found in [STYLING](./STYLING.MD).
diff --git a/lang/csharp/STYLING.md b/lang/csharp/STYLING.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..948eddaba8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/STYLING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1595 @@
+<!--
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+ -->
+# C# Styling Rules for Apache.Avro
+
+The following rules are currently used within the .editorconfig of the Avro solution.  Any changes to this documentation should be reflected in the .editorconfig file and vice versa.
+
+Notes
+ - The examples shown are based on the current settings in .editorconfig
+ - :exclamation: Not defined :exclamation: means we have not set a preference
+ - There are cases where it is not explicitly defined in the .editorconfig, but there is a default option
+ - The project currently targets a framework that uses C# 7.3
+ - When violating a formatting rule it may show up as an IDE0055 Fix formatting violation.
+
+## New line preferences
+
+### csharp_new_line_before_open_brace
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_open_brace)
+
+This rule concerns whether an open brace { should be placed on the same line as the preceding code, or on a new line.
+
+**Example**
+```
+void MyMethod()
+{
+    if (...)
+    {
+        ...
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_before_else
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_else)
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (...) {
+    ...
+}
+else {
+    ...
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_before_catch
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_catch)
+
+**Example**
+```
+try {
+    ...
+}
+catch (Exception e) {
+    ...
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_before_finally
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_finally)
+
+**Example**
+```
+try {
+    ...
+}
+catch (Exception e) {
+    ...
+}
+finally {
+    ...
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers)
+
+**Example**
+```
+var z = new B()
+{
+    A = 3,
+    B = 4
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types)
+
+**Example**
+```
+var z = new
+{
+    A = 3,
+    B = 4
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses)
+
+**Example**
+```
+var q = from a in e
+        from b in e
+        select a * b;
+```
+---
+
+## Indentation preferences
+
+### csharp_indent_case_contents
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_case_contents)
+
+**Example**
+```
+switch(c) {
+    case Color.Red:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is red");
+        break;
+    case Color.Blue:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is blue");
+        break;
+    default:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is unknown.");
+        break;
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_indent_switch_labels
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_switch_labels)
+
+**Example**
+```
+switch(c) {
+    case Color.Red:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is red");
+        break;
+    case Color.Blue:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is blue");
+        break;
+    default:
+        Console.WriteLine("The color is unknown.");
+        break;
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_indent_labels
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_labels)
+
+Labels are placed at one less indent to the current context
+
+**Example**
+```
+class C
+{
+    private string MyMethod(...)
+    {
+        if (...) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    error:
+        throw new Exception(...);
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_indent_block_contents
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_block_contents)
+
+**Example**
+```
+static void Hello()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_indent_braces
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_braces)
+
+**Example**
+```
+static void Hello()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block)
+
+**Example**
+```
+case 0:
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+        break;
+    }
+```
+---
+
+## Spacing Preferences
+
+### csharp_space_after_cast
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_cast)
+
+**Example**
+```
+int y = (int)x;
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements)
+
+**Example**
+```
+for (int i;i<x;i++) { ... }
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_parentheses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_parentheses)
+
+No additional spacing between parentheses
+
+**Example**
+```
+for (int i;i<x;i++) { ... }
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause)
+
+**Example**
+```
+interface I
+{
+
+}
+
+class C : I
+{
+
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause)
+
+**Example**
+```
+interface I
+{
+
+}
+
+class C : I
+{
+
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_around_binary_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_around_binary_operators)
+
+Insert space before and after the binary operator
+
+**Example**
+```
+return x * (x - y);
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses)
+
+Remove space characters after the opening parenthesis and before the closing parenthesis of a method declaration parameter list
+
+**Example**
+```
+void Bark(int x) { ... }
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses)
+
+Remove space within empty parameter list parentheses for a method declaration
+
+**Example**
+```
+void Goo()
+{
+    Goo(1);
+}
+
+void Goo(int x)
+{
+    Goo();
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_declaration_name_and_open_parenthesis
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_declaration_name_and_open_parenthesis)
+
+Remove space characters between the method name and opening parenthesis in the method declaration
+
+**Example**
+```
+void M() { }
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses)
+
+Remove space characters after the opening parenthesis and before the closing parenthesis of a method call
+
+**Example**
+```
+MyMethod(argument);
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses)
+
+Remove space within empty argument list parentheses
+
+**Example**
+```
+void Goo()
+{
+    Goo(1);
+}
+
+void Goo(int x)
+{
+    Goo();
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis)
+
+Remove space between method call name and opening parenthesis
+
+**Example**
+```
+void Goo()
+{
+    Goo(1);
+}
+
+void Goo(int x)
+{
+    Goo();
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_after_comma
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_comma)
+
+Insert space before a comma
+
+**Example**
+```
+int[] x = new int[] { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 };
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_after_dot
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_dot)
+
+Remove space before a dot
+
+**Example**
+```
+this.Goo();
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_after_semicolon_in_for_statement
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_after_semicolon_in_for_statement)
+
+Insert space after each semicolon in a for statement
+
+**Example**
+```
+for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; i++)
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_before_semicolon_in_for_statement
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_before_semicolon_in_for_statement)
+
+Remove space before each semicolon in a for statement
+
+**Example**
+```
+for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; i++)
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_around_declaration_statements
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_around_declaration_statements)
+
+Remove extra space characters in declaration statements
+
+**Example**
+```
+int x = 0;
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_before_open_square_brackets
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_before_open_square_brackets)
+
+Remove space before opening square brackets [
+
+**Example**
+```
+int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_empty_square_brackets
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_empty_square_brackets)
+
+Remove space between empty square brackets []
+
+**Example**
+```
+int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+```
+---
+### csharp_space_between_square_brackets
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_space_between_square_brackets)
+
+Remove space characters in non-empty square brackets [0]
+
+**Example**
+```
+int index = numbers[0];
+```
+---
+
+## Wrap Preferences
+
+### csharp_preserve_single_line_statements
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_preserve_single_line_statements)
+
+Leave statements and member declarations on different lines
+
+**Example**
+```
+int i = 0;
+string name = "John";
+```
+---
+### csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks)
+
+Leave code block on single line
+
+**Example**
+```
+public int Foo { get; set; }
+```
+---
+
+## Using Directive Preferences
+
+### csharp_using_directive_placement
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_using_directive_placement)
+
+Prefer using directives to be placed outside the namespace
+
+**Example**
+```
+using System;
+
+namespace Conventions
+{
+
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Namespace Preferences
+
+### csharp_style_namespace_declarations
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#csharp_style_namespace_declarations)
+
+:exclamation: Not defined :exclamation:
+
+**Example**
+```
+// csharp_style_namespace_declarations = block_scoped
+using System;
+
+namespace Convention
+{
+    class C
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+// csharp_style_namespace_declarations = file_scoped
+using System;
+
+namespace Convention;
+class C
+{
+}
+```
+---
+
+## this and Me preferences
+
+### dotnet_style_qualification_for_field
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0003-ide0009#dotnet_style_qualification_for_field)
+
+Prefer fields not to be prefaced with this. or Me.
+
+**Example**
+```
+capacity = 0;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_qualification_for_property
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0003-ide0009#dotnet_style_qualification_for_property)
+
+Prefer properties not to be prefaced with this. or Me.
+
+**Example**
+```
+ID = 0;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_qualification_for_method
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0003-ide0009#dotnet_style_qualification_for_method)
+
+Prefer methods not to be prefaced with this. or Me.
+
+**Example**
+```
+Display();
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_qualification_for_event
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0003-ide0009#dotnet_style_qualification_for_event)
+
+Prefer events not to be prefaced with this. or Me.
+
+**Example**
+```
+Elapsed += Handler;
+```
+---
+
+## Use language keywords instead of framework type names for type references
+
+### dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0049#dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members)
+
+Prefer the language keyword for local variables, method parameters, and class members, instead of the type name, for types that have a keyword to represent them
+
+**Example**
+```
+private int _member;
+```
+---
+
+## Order modifiers
+
+### csharp_preferred_modifier_order
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0036#csharp_preferred_modifier_order)
+
+public,private,protected,internal,static,extern,new,virtual,abstract,sealed,override,readonly,unsafe,volatile,async:suggestion
+
+**Example**
+```
+class MyClass
+{
+    private static readonly int _daysInYear = 365;
+}
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0040#dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers)
+
+Prefer accessibility modifiers to be declared except for public interface members.
+
+default is for_non_interface_members
+
+**Example**
+```
+class MyClass
+{
+    private const string thisFieldIsConst = "constant";
+}
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_readonly_field
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0044#dotnet_style_readonly_field)
+
+Prefer that private fields should be marked with readonly (C#) or ReadOnly (Visual Basic) if they are only ever assigned inline, or inside of a constructor
+
+**Example**
+```
+class MyClass
+{
+    private readonly int _daysInYear = 365;
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_prefer_static_local_function
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0062#csharp_prefer_static_local_function)
+
+Prefer local functions to be marked static
+
+**Example**
+```
+void M()
+{
+    Hello();
+    static void Hello()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Parentheses Preferences
+
+### dotnet_style_parentheses_in_arithmetic_binary_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0047-ide0048#dotnet_style_parentheses_in_arithmetic_binary_operators)
+
+Prefer parentheses to clarify arithmetic operator (*, /, %, +, -, <<, >>, &, ^, |) precedence
+
+Default is always_for_clarity
+
+**Example**
+```
+var v = a + (b * c);
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_parentheses_in_relational_binary_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0047-ide0048#dotnet_style_parentheses_in_relational_binary_operators)
+
+Prefer parentheses to clarify relational operator (>, <, <=, >=, is, as, ==, !=) precedence
+
+Default is always_for_clarity
+
+**Example**
+```
+var v = (a < b) == (c > d);
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_binary_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0047-ide0048#dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_binary_operators)
+
+Prefer parentheses to clarify other binary operator (&&, ||, ??) precedence
+
+Default is always_for_clarity
+
+**Example**
+```
+var v = a || (b && c);
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0047-ide0048#dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_operators)
+
+Prefer to not have parentheses when operator precedence is obvious
+
+Default is never_if_unnecessary
+
+**Example**
+```
+var v = a.b.Length;
+```
+---
+
+## Expression-level preferences
+
+### dotnet_style_object_initializer
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0017#dotnet_style_object_initializer)
+
+Prefer objects to be initialized using object initializers when possible
+
+default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+var c = new Customer() { Age = 21 };
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0018#csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration)
+
+Prefer out variables to be declared inline in the argument list of a method call when possible
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (int.TryParse(value, out int i) {...}
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_collection_initializer
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0028#dotnet_style_collection_initializer)
+
+Prefer collections to be initialized using collection initializers when possible
+
+**Example**
+```
+var list = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0032#dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties)
+
+Prefer auto properties over properties with private backing fields
+
+**Example**
+```
+private int Age { get; }
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0033#dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names)
+
+Prefer tuple names to ItemX properties
+
+**Example**
+```
+(string name, int age) customer = GetCustomer();
+var name = customer.name;
+```
+---
+### csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0034#csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression)
+
+Prefer default over default(T)
+
+**Example**
+```
+void DoWork(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) { ... }
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0037#dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names)
+
+Prefer inferred tuple element names
+
+**Example**
+```
+var tuple = (age, name);
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0037#dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names)
+
+Prefer inferred anonymous type member names
+
+**Example**
+```
+var anon = new { age, name };
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0039#csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function)
+
+Prefer anonymous functions over local functions
+
+**Example**
+```
+Func<int, int> fibonacci = null;
+fibonacci = (int n) =>
+{
+    return n <= 1 ? 1 : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
+};
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0042#csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration)
+
+Prefer deconstructed variable declaration
+
+default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+var (name, age) = GetPersonTuple();
+Console.WriteLine($"{name} {age}");
+
+(int x, int y) = GetPointTuple();
+Console.WriteLine($"{x} {y}");
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0045#dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment)
+
+Prefer assignments with a ternary conditional over an if-else statement
+
+**Example**
+```
+string s = expr ? "hello" : "world";
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0046#dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return)
+
+Prefer return statements to use a ternary conditional over an if-else statement
+
+**Example**
+```
+return expr ? "hello" : "world"
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_compound_assignment
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0054-ide0074#dotnet_style_prefer_compound_assignment)
+
+Prefer compound assignment expressions
+
+default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+x += 1;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_simplified_boolean_expressions
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0075#dotnet_style_prefer_simplified_boolean_expressions)
+
+Prefer simplified conditional expressions
+
+default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+var result1 = M1() && M2();
+var result2 = M1() || M2();
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_implicit_object_creation_when_type_is_apparent
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0090#csharp_style_implicit_object_creation_when_type_is_apparent)
+
+Prefer target-typed new expressions when created type is apparent
+
+default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+C c = new();
+C c2 = new() { Field = 0 };
+```
+---
+
+## Null-checking Preferences
+
+### csharp_style_throw_expression
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0016#csharp_style_throw_expression)
+
+Prefer to use throw expressions instead of throw statements
+
+**Example**
+```
+_s = s ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_coalesce_expression
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0029-ide0030#dotnet_style_coalesce_expression)
+
+Prefer null coalescing expressions to ternary operator checking
+
+**Example**
+```
+var v = x ?? y;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_coalesce_expression
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0031#dotnet_style_null_propagation)
+
+Prefer to use null-conditional operator when possible
+
+**Example**
+```
+string v = o?.ToString();
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0041#dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method)
+
+Prefer is null check over reference equality method
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (value is null)
+    return;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide1005#csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call)
+
+Prefer to use the conditional coalescing operator (?.) when invoking a lambda expression, instead of performing a null check
+
+**Example**
+```
+func?.Invoke(args);
+```
+---
+
+## var Preferences
+
+### csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0007-ide0008#csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types)
+
+Prefer explicit type over var to declare variables with built-in system types such as int
+
+**Example**
+```
+int x = 5;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0007-ide0008#csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent)
+
+Prefer explicit type over var when the type is already mentioned on the right-hand side of a declaration expression
+
+**Example**
+```
+Customer obj = new Customer();
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_var_elsewhere
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0007-ide0008#csharp_style_var_elsewhere)
+
+Prefer explicit type over var in all cases, unless overridden by another code style rule
+
+**Example**
+```
+bool f = this.Init();
+```
+---
+
+## Expression-bodied member Preferences
+
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0021#csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for constructors
+
+**Example**
+```
+public Customer(int age) => Age = age;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0022#csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for methods
+
+**Example**
+```
+public int GetAge() => this.Age;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0023-ide0024#csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for operators
+
+**Example**
+```
+public static ComplexNumber operator + (ComplexNumber c1, ComplexNumber c2)
+    => new ComplexNumber(c1.Real + c2.Real, c1.Imaginary + c2.Imaginary);
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0025#csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for properties
+
+**Example**
+```
+public int Age => _age;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0026#csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for indexers
+
+**Example**
+```
+public T this[int i] => _values[i];
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0027#csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for accessors
+
+**Example**
+```
+public int Age { get => _age; set => _age = value; }
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_lambdas
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0053#csharp_style_expression_bodied_lambdas)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for lambdas
+
+**Example**
+```
+Func<int, int> square = x => x * x;
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0061#csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions)
+
+Prefer expression bodies for local functions
+
+**Example**
+```
+void M()
+{
+    Hello();
+    void Hello() => Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Pattern matching Preferences
+
+### csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0019#csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check)
+
+Prefer pattern matching instead of as expressions with null checks to determine if something is of a particular type
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (o is string s) {...}
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0020-ide0038#csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check)
+
+Prefer pattern matching instead of is expressions with type casts
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (o is int i) {...}
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0066#csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression)
+
+Prefer to use a switch expression (introduced with C# 8.0)
+
+**Example**
+```
+return x switch
+{
+    1 => 1 * 1,
+    2 => 2 * 2,
+    _ => 0,
+};
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_prefer_not_pattern
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0083#csharp_style_prefer_not_pattern)
+
+Prefer to use 'not' pattern, when possible (introduced with C# 9.0)
+
+Default is true
+
+**Example**
+```
+var y = o is not C c;
+```
+---
+
+## Code block Prerferences
+
+### csharp_prefer_braces
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0011#csharp_prefer_braces)
+
+Prefer curly braces even for one line of code
+
+**Example**
+```
+if (test) { this.Display(); }
+```
+---
+### csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0063#csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement)
+
+Don't prefer to use a simple using statement
+
+**Example**
+```
+using (var a = b) { }
+```
+---
+
+## File Header Preferences
+
+### file_header_template
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0073#file_header_template)
+
+unset or empty string - Do not require file header.
+
+Default is unset
+
+**Example**
+```
+namespace N2
+{
+    class C2 { }
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Naming Rules
+
+### Non-private static fields are PascalCase
+**Example**
+```
+public static MyString = "value";
+protected static MyString = "value";
+internal static MyString = "value";
+protected_internal static MyString = "value";
+private_protected static MyString = "value";;
+```
+---
+### Constants are PascalCase
+**Example**
+```
+public const string MyConstant = "value";
+```
+---
+### Static fields are camelCase and start with s_
+**Example**
+```
+private static int s_myInt;
+```
+---
+# Instance fields are camelCase and start with _
+**Example**
+```
+private int _myInt;
+
+internal string _myString;
+```
+---
+# Locals and parameters are camelCase
+**Example**
+```
+private static string GetText(string path, string filename)
+{
+     var reader = File.OpenText($"{AppendPathSeparator(path)}{filename}");
+     var text = reader.ReadToEnd();
+     return text;
+
+     string AppendPathSeparator(string filepath)
+     {
+        return filepath.EndsWith(@"\") ? filepath : filepath + @"\";
+     }
+}
+```
+---
+# Local functions are PascalCase
+**Example**
+```
+private static string GetText(string path, string filename)
+{
+     var reader = File.OpenText($"{AppendPathSeparator(path)}{filename}");
+     var text = reader.ReadToEnd();
+     return text;
+
+     string AppendPathSeparator(string filepath)
+     {
+        return filepath.EndsWith(@"\") ? filepath : filepath + @"\";
+     }
+}
+```
+---
+# By default, name items with PascalCase
+**Example**
+```
+public void MyMethod() { };
+```
+---
+
+## Formatting Rules
+
+### dotnet_sort_system_directives_first
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#dotnet_sort_system_directives_first)
+
+Sort System.* using directives alphabetically, and place them before other using directives.
+
+**Example**
+```
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avro;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_separate_import_directive_groups
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#dotnet_separate_import_directive_groups)
+
+:exclamation: Not defined :exclamation:
+
+**Example**
+```
+// dotnet_separate_import_directive_groups = true
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+using Avro;
+
+// dotnet_separate_import_directive_groups = false
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avro;
+```
+---
+### dotnet_style_namespace_match_folder
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/formatting-rules#dotnet_style_namespace_match_folder)
+
+:exclamation: Not defined :exclamation:
+
+**Example**
+```
+// dotnet_style_namespace_match_folder = true
+// file path: Example/Convention/C.cs
+using System;
+
+namespace Example.Convention
+{
+    class C
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+// dotnet_style_namespace_match_folder = false
+// file path: Example/Convention/C.cs
+using System;
+
+namespace Example
+{
+    class C
+    {
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Unnecessary Code Rules
+
+### Simplify name (IDE0001)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0001)
+**Example**
+```
+using System.IO;
+class C
+{
+    // IDE0001: 'System.IO.FileInfo' can be simplified to 'FileInfo'
+    System.IO.FileInfo file;
+
+    // Fixed code
+    FileInfo file;
+}
+```
+---
+### Simplify member access (IDE0002)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0002)
+**Example**
+```
+static void M1() { }
+static void M2()
+{
+    // IDE0002: 'C.M1' can be simplified to 'M1'
+    C.M1();
+
+    // Fixed code
+    M1();
+}
+```
+---
+### Remove unnecessary cast (IDE0004)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0004)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+int v = (int)0;
+
+// Fixed code
+int v = 0;
+```
+---
+### Remove unnecessary import (IDE0005)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0005)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+using System;
+using System.IO;    // IDE0005: Using directive is unnecessary
+class C
+{
+    public static void M()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+    }
+}
+
+// Fixed code
+using System;
+class C
+{
+    public static void M()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+### Remove unreachable code (IDE0035)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0035)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+void M()
+{
+    throw new System.Exception();
+
+    // IDE0035: Remove unreachable code
+    int v = 0;
+}
+
+// Fixed code
+void M()
+{
+    throw new System.Exception();
+}
+```
+---
+### Remove unused private member (IDE0051)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0051)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+class C
+{
+    // IDE0051: Remove unused private members
+    private readonly int _fieldPrivate;
+    private int PropertyPrivate => 1;
+    private int GetNumPrivate() => 1;
+
+    // No IDE0051
+    internal readonly int FieldInternal;
+    private readonly int _fieldPrivateUsed;
+    public int PropertyPublic => _fieldPrivateUsed;
+    private int GetNumPrivateUsed() => 1;
+    internal int GetNumInternal() => GetNumPrivateUsed();
+    public int GetNumPublic() => GetNumPrivateUsed();
+}
+
+// Fixed code
+class C
+{
+    // No IDE0051
+    internal readonly int FieldInternal;
+    private readonly int _fieldPrivateUsed;
+    public int PropertyPublic => _fieldPrivateUsed;
+    private int GetNumPrivateUsed() => 1;
+    internal int GetNumInternal() => GetNumPrivateUsed();
+    public int GetNumPublic() => GetNumPrivateUsed();
+}
+```
+---
+### Remove unread private member (IDE0052)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0052)
+**Example**
+```
+class C
+{
+    // IDE0052: Remove unread private members
+    private readonly int _field1;
+    private int _field2;
+    private int Property { get; set; }
+
+    public C()
+    {
+        _field1 = 0;
+    }
+
+    public void SetMethod()
+    {
+        _field2 = 0;
+        Property = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// Fixed code
+class C
+{
+    public C()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void SetMethod()
+    {
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_unused_value_expression_statement_preference
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0058#csharp_style_unused_value_expression_statement_preference)
+
+Prefer to assign an unused expression to a discard
+
+Default is discard_variable
+
+**Example**
+```
+_ = System.Convert.ToInt32("35");
+```
+---
+### csharp_style_unused_value_assignment_preference
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0059#csharp_style_unused_value_assignment_preference)
+
+Prefer to use a discard when assigning a value that's not used
+
+Default is discard_variable
+
+**Example**
+```
+int GetCount(Dictionary<string, int> wordCount, string searchWord)
+{
+    _ = wordCount.TryGetValue(searchWord, out var count);
+    return count;
+}
+```
+---
+### dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0060#dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters)
+
+Flag methods with any accessibility that contain unused parameters
+
+Default is all
+
+**Example**
+```
+public int GetNum1(int unusedParam) { return 1; }
+internal int GetNum2(int unusedParam) { return 1; }
+private int GetNum3(int unusedParam) { return 1; }
+```
+---
+### dotnet_remove_unnecessary_suppression_exclusions
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0079#dotnet_remove_unnecessary_suppression_exclusions)
+
+ enables the rule for all rule IDs and rule categories
+
+Default is none
+
+**Example**
+```
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+
+class C1
+{
+    // 'dotnet_remove_unnecessary_suppression_exclusions = IDE0051'
+
+    // Unnecessary pragma suppression, but not flagged by IDE0079
+#pragma warning disable IDE0051 // IDE0051: Remove unused member
+    private int UsedMethod() => 0;
+#pragma warning restore IDE0051
+
+    public int PublicMethod() => UsedMethod();
+}
+```
+---
+### Remove unnecessary suppression operator (IDE0080)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0080)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+if (o !is string) { }
+
+// Potential fixes:
+// 1.
+if (o is not string) { }
+
+// 2.
+if (!(o is string)) { }
+
+// 3.
+if (o is string) { }
+```
+---
+### Remove unnecessary equality operator (IDE0100)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0100)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+if (x == true) { }
+if (M() != false) { }
+
+// Fixed code
+if (x) { }
+if (M()) { }
+```
+---
+### Remove unnecessary discard (IDE0110)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0110)
+**Example**
+```
+// Code with violations
+switch (o)
+{
+    case int _:
+        Console.WriteLine("Value was an int");
+        break;
+    case string _:
+        Console.WriteLine("Value was a string");
+        break;
+}
+
+// Fixed code
+switch (o)
+{
+    case int:
+        Console.WriteLine("Value was an int");
+        break;
+    case string:
+        Console.WriteLine("Value was a string");
+        break;
+}
+```
+---
+
+## Miscellaneous Rules
+
+### Remove invalid global 'SuppressMessageAttribute' (IDE0076)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0076)
+**Example**
+```
+// IDE0076: Invalid target '~F:N.C.F2' - no matching field named 'F2'
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "member", Target = "~F:N.C.F2")]
+// IDE0076: Invalid scope 'property'
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "property", Target = "~P:N.C.P")]
+
+// Fixed code
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "member", Target = "~F:N.C.F")]
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "member", Target = "~P:N.C.P")]
+
+namespace N
+{
+    class C
+    {
+        public int F;
+        public int P { get; }
+    }
+}
+```
+---
+### Avoid legacy format target in global 'SuppressMessageAttribute' (IDE0077)
+[Reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/style-rules/ide0077)
+**Example**
+```
+// IDE0077: Legacy format target 'N.C.#F'
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "member", Target = "N.C.#F")]
+
+// Fixed code
+[assembly: System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Category", "Id: Title", Scope = "member", Target = "~F:N.C.F")]
+
+namespace N
+{
+    class C
+    {
+        public int F;
+    }
+}
+```
+---
diff --git a/lang/csharp/build.sh b/lang/csharp/build.sh
index fefbe28e9ba..2efd4463174 100755
--- a/lang/csharp/build.sh
+++ b/lang/csharp/build.sh
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ do
     test)
       dotnet build --configuration Release Avro.sln
 
-      # AVRO-2442: Explictly set LANG to work around ICU bug in `dotnet test`
-      LANG=en_US.UTF-8 dotnet test  --configuration Release --no-build \
+      # AVRO-2442: Explicitly set LANG to work around ICU bug in `dotnet test`
+      LANG=en_US.UTF-8 dotnet test --configuration Release --no-build \
           --filter "TestCategory!=Interop" Avro.sln
       ;;
 
     perf)
       pushd ./src/apache/perf/
-      dotnet run --configuration Release --framework net5.0
+      dotnet run --configuration Release --framework net8.0
       ;;
 
     dist)
@@ -50,18 +50,25 @@ do
       dotnet pack --configuration Release Avro.sln
 
       # add the binary LICENSE and NOTICE to the tarball
-      mkdir build/
+      mkdir -p build/
       cp LICENSE NOTICE build/
 
       # add binaries to the tarball
-      mkdir build/main/
+      mkdir -p build/main/
       cp -R src/apache/main/bin/Release/* build/main/
-      mkdir build/codegen/
+      # add codec binaries to the tarball
+      for codec in Avro.File.Snappy Avro.File.BZip2 Avro.File.XZ Avro.File.Zstandard
+      do
+        mkdir -p build/codec/$codec/
+        cp -R src/apache/codec/$codec/bin/Release/* build/codec/$codec/
+      done
+      # add codegen binaries to the tarball
+      mkdir -p build/codegen/
       cp -R src/apache/codegen/bin/Release/* build/codegen/
 
       # build the tarball
       mkdir -p ${ROOT}/dist/csharp
-      (cd build; tar czf ${ROOT}/../dist/csharp/avro-csharp-${VERSION}.tar.gz main codegen LICENSE NOTICE)
+      (cd build; tar czf ${ROOT}/../dist/csharp/avro-csharp-${VERSION}.tar.gz main codegen codec LICENSE NOTICE)
 
       # build documentation
       doxygen Avro.dox
@@ -70,15 +77,16 @@ do
       ;;
 
     interop-data-generate)
-      dotnet run --project src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj --framework net5.0 ../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc ../../build/interop/data
+      dotnet run --project src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj --framework net8.0 ../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc ../../build/interop/data
       ;;
 
     interop-data-test)
-      LANG=en_US.UTF-8 dotnet test --filter "TestCategory=Interop" --verbosity normal
+      LANG=en_US.UTF-8 dotnet test --filter "TestCategory=Interop" --logger "console;verbosity=normal;noprogress=true" src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj
       ;;
 
     clean)
-      rm -rf src/apache/{main,test,codegen,ipc,msbuild,perf}/{obj,bin}
+      rm -rf src/apache/{main,test,codegen,ipc,msbuild,perf,benchmark}/{obj,bin}
+      rm -rf src/apache/codec/Avro.File.{BZip2,Snappy,XZ,ZStandard}{,.Test}/{obj,bin}
       rm -rf build
       rm -f  TestResult.xml
       ;;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/common.props b/lang/csharp/common.props
index 3bae5bff4a8..569102df587 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/common.props
+++ b/lang/csharp/common.props
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
    limitations under the License.
 -->
 <Project>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)/versions.props" />
+
   <PropertyGroup Label="Common Versions">
     <!-- Read version from shared VERSION.txt file -->
     <AvroVersionFilePath>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)/../../share/VERSION.txt</AvroVersionFilePath>
@@ -33,11 +35,21 @@
     <FileVersion>$(MajorVersion).$(MinorVersion).$(BuildNumber).0</FileVersion>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Target Frameworks">
+    <!-- Exe -->
+    <DefaultExeTargetFrameworks>netcoreapp3.1;net5.0;net6.0;net7.0;net8.0</DefaultExeTargetFrameworks>
+    <!-- Library -->
+    <DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;netstandard2.1</DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks>
+    <!-- Unit Tests -->
+    <DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks>$(DefaultExeTargetFrameworks)</DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup Label="Common NuGet Properties">
     <!-- Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/reference/msbuild-targets#pack-target -->
     <Copyright>Copyright © 2019 The Apache Software Foundation.</Copyright>
-    <PackageIcon>avro-logo.png</PackageIcon>
+    <PackageIcon>logo.png</PackageIcon>
     <PackageLicenseFile>LICENSE</PackageLicenseFile>
+    <PackageReadmeFile>README.md</PackageReadmeFile>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://avro.apache.org/</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageTags>Avro;Apache;Serialization;Binary;Json;Schema</PackageTags>
     <RepositoryUrl Condition="'$(RepositoryUrl)' == ''">https://github.com/apache/avro.git</RepositoryUrl>
@@ -45,7 +57,33 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\LICENSE" Pack="true" Visible="false" PackagePath=""/>
-    <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\..\..\doc\src\resources\images\avro-logo.png" Pack="true" Visible="false" PackagePath=""/>
+    <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\README.md" Pack="true" Visible="false" PackagePath=""/>
+    <None Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\..\..\doc\assets\icons\logo.png" Pack="true" Visible="false" PackagePath=""/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- Disable warning for EOL target frameworks -->
+    <CheckEolTargetFramework>false</CheckEolTargetFramework>
+    <SuppressTfmSupportBuildWarnings>true</SuppressTfmSupportBuildWarnings>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <IsTestProject Condition="'$(IsTestProject)' == ''">false</IsTestProject>
+    <IsTestProject Condition="$(MSBuildProjectName.ToLower().EndsWith('.test')) or $(MSBuildProjectName.ToLower().StartsWith('.test'))">true</IsTestProject>
+
+    <RunAnalyzers Condition="'$(RunAnalyzers)' == ''">true</RunAnalyzers>
+    <RunAnalyzers Condition="'$(IsTestProject)' != 'true' and '$(IsSourceProject)' != 'true'">false</RunAnalyzers>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EditorConfigFiles Condition="'$(IsTestProject)' != 'true'" Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)/CodeAnalysis.src.globalconfig" />
+    <EditorConfigFiles Condition="'$(IsTestProject)' == 'true'" Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)/CodeAnalysis.test.globalconfig" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(RunAnalyzers)' != 'false'">
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers" Version="$(MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.CodeStyle" Version="$(MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpCodeStyleVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" />
+    <PackageReference Include="StyleCop.Analyzers" Version="$(StyleCopAnalyzersVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <Target Name="PrintVersionInfo">
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/.gitignore b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43e05771fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Avro.benchmark.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Avro.benchmark.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b944de3c2d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Avro.benchmark.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultExeTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+	<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- Some schemas use lower cased names, which causes some class names being lower case only -->
+    <!-- e.g. The type name 'test' only contains lower-cased ascii characters. Such names may become reserved for the language. -->
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS8981</NoWarn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="$(BenchmarkDotNetVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\main\Avro.main.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="schema\**" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest"/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Benchmarks.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Benchmarks.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c7ec73be88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Benchmarks.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using Avro.Generic;
+using Avro.IO;
+using Avro.Specific;
+
+namespace Avro.Benchmark
+{
+    public class Benchmarks
+    {
+        private const int _numberOfRecordsInAvro = 100;
+
+        private readonly string _schemaStrSmall;
+        private readonly string _schemaStrBig;
+
+        private readonly RecordSchema _schemaSmall;
+        private readonly RecordSchema _schemaBig;
+        private readonly RecordSchema _schemaAddress;
+
+        private readonly byte[] _avroGenericSmall;
+        private readonly byte[] _avroGenericBig;
+        private readonly byte[] _avroSpecificSmall;
+        private readonly byte[] _avroSpecificBig;
+
+        public Benchmarks()
+        {
+            _schemaStrSmall = System.IO.File.ReadAllText("schema/small.avsc");
+            _schemaStrBig = System.IO.File.ReadAllText("schema/big.avsc");
+
+            _schemaSmall = (RecordSchema)Schema.Parse(_schemaStrSmall);
+            _schemaBig = (RecordSchema)Schema.Parse(_schemaStrBig);
+            _schemaAddress = (RecordSchema)_schemaBig["address"].Schema;
+
+            // Create avro for reading benchmarking
+            _avroGenericSmall = GenericRecordsToAvro(CreateGenericRecordSmall());
+            _avroGenericBig = GenericRecordsToAvro(CreateGenericRecordBig());
+
+            _avroSpecificSmall = SpecificRecordsToAvro(CreateSpecificRecordSmall());
+            _avroSpecificBig = SpecificRecordsToAvro(CreateSpecificRecordBig());
+        }
+
+        private byte[] GenericRecordsToAvro(GenericRecord record)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord>(record.Schema);
+                BinaryEncoder encoder = new BinaryEncoder(outputStream);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < _numberOfRecordsInAvro; i++)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(record, encoder);
+                }
+
+                encoder.Flush();
+
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private IList<GenericRecord> AvroToGenericRecordsToAvro(byte[] avro, RecordSchema schema)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(avro))
+            {
+                GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord>(schema, schema);
+                BinaryDecoder decoder = new BinaryDecoder(inputStream);
+                List<GenericRecord> records = new List<GenericRecord>();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < _numberOfRecordsInAvro; i++)
+                {
+                    GenericRecord record = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+                    if (record == null)
+                        break;
+                    records.Add(record);
+                }
+
+                return records;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private byte[] SpecificRecordsToAvro<T>(T record) where T : ISpecificRecord
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                SpecificDatumWriter<T> writer = new SpecificDatumWriter<T>(record.Schema);
+                BinaryEncoder encoder = new BinaryEncoder(outputStream);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < _numberOfRecordsInAvro; i++)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(record, encoder);
+                }
+
+                encoder.Flush();
+
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private IList<T> AvroToSpecificRecords<T>(byte[] avro, RecordSchema schema) where T : ISpecificRecord
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(avro))
+            {
+                SpecificDatumReader<T> reader = new SpecificDatumReader<T>(schema, schema);
+                BinaryDecoder decoder = new BinaryDecoder(inputStream);
+                List<T> records = new List<T>();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < _numberOfRecordsInAvro; i++)
+                {
+                    T record = reader.Read(default, decoder); ;
+                    if (record == null)
+                        break;
+                    records.Add(record);
+                }
+
+                return records;
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void ParseSchemaSmall()
+        {
+            Schema.Parse(_schemaStrSmall);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void ParseSchemaBig()
+        {
+            Schema.Parse(_schemaStrBig);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public GenericRecord CreateGenericRecordSmall()
+        {
+            GenericRecord record = new GenericRecord(_schemaSmall);
+            record.Add("field", "foo");
+
+            return record;
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public GenericRecord CreateGenericRecordBig()
+        {
+            GenericRecord address = new GenericRecord(_schemaAddress);
+            address.Add("street", "street");
+            address.Add("city", "city");
+            address.Add("state_prov", "state_prov");
+            address.Add("country", "country");
+            address.Add("zip", "zip");
+
+            GenericRecord record = new GenericRecord(_schemaBig);
+            record.Add("username", "username");
+            record.Add("age", 10);
+            record.Add("phone", "000000000");
+            record.Add("housenum", "0000");
+            record.Add("address", address);
+
+            return record;
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public ISpecificRecord CreateSpecificRecordSmall()
+        {
+            return new org.apache.avro.benchmark.small.test()
+            {
+                field = "foo"
+            };
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public ISpecificRecord CreateSpecificRecordBig()
+        {
+            return new org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.userInfo()
+            {
+                username = "username",
+                age = 10,
+                phone = "000000000",
+                housenum = "0000",
+                address = new org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.mailing_address()
+                {
+                    street = "street",
+                    city = "city",
+                    state_prov = "state_prov",
+                    country = "country",
+                    zip = "zip"
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void GenericRecordsToAvroSmall()
+        {
+            GenericRecordsToAvro(CreateGenericRecordSmall());
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void GenericRecordsToAvroBig()
+        {
+            GenericRecordsToAvro(CreateGenericRecordBig());
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void AvroToGenericRecordsSmall()
+        {
+            AvroToGenericRecordsToAvro(_avroGenericSmall, _schemaSmall);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void AvroToGenericRecordsBig()
+        {
+            AvroToGenericRecordsToAvro(_avroGenericBig, _schemaBig);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void SpecificRecordsToAvroSmall()
+        {
+            SpecificRecordsToAvro(CreateSpecificRecordSmall());
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void SpecificRecordsToAvroBig()
+        {
+            SpecificRecordsToAvro(CreateSpecificRecordBig());
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void AvroToSpecificRecordsSmall()
+        {
+            AvroToSpecificRecords<org.apache.avro.benchmark.small.test>(_avroSpecificSmall, _schemaSmall);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void AvroToSpecificRecordsBig()
+        {
+            AvroToSpecificRecords<org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.userInfo>(_avroSpecificBig, _schemaBig);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Program.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4359f378d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
+
+namespace Avro.Benchmark
+{
+    public class Program
+    {
+        // dotnet run -c Release -f net8.0
+        // dotnet run -c Release -f net8.0 --runtimes netcoreapp3.1 net5.0 net6.0 net7.0 net8.0
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/mailing_address.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/mailing_address.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10f003deb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/mailing_address.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//    Generated by avrogen, version 1.11.0.0
+//    Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
+//    is regenerated
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace org.apache.avro.benchmark.big
+{
+	using System;
+	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Text;
+	using Avro;
+	using Avro.Specific;
+	
+	public partial class mailing_address : ISpecificRecord
+	{
+		public static Schema _SCHEMA = Avro.Schema.Parse(@"{""type"":""record"",""name"":""mailing_address"",""namespace"":""org.apache.avro.benchmark.big"",""fields"":[{""name"":""street"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""city"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""state_prov"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""country"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""zip"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""}]}");
+		private string _street;
+		private string _city;
+		private string _state_prov;
+		private string _country;
+		private string _zip;
+		public virtual Schema Schema
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return mailing_address._SCHEMA;
+			}
+		}
+		public string street
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._street;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._street = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string city
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._city;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._city = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string state_prov
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._state_prov;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._state_prov = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string country
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._country;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._country = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string zip
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._zip;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._zip = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: return this.street;
+			case 1: return this.city;
+			case 2: return this.state_prov;
+			case 3: return this.country;
+			case 4: return this.zip;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+			};
+		}
+		public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: this.street = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 1: this.city = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 2: this.state_prov = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 3: this.country = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 4: this.zip = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+			};
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/userInfo.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/userInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ddbe0ac071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/big/userInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//    Generated by avrogen, version 1.11.0.0
+//    Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
+//    is regenerated
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace org.apache.avro.benchmark.big
+{
+	using System;
+	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Text;
+	using Avro;
+	using Avro.Specific;
+	
+	public partial class userInfo : ISpecificRecord
+	{
+		public static Schema _SCHEMA = Avro.Schema.Parse(@"{""type"":""record"",""name"":""userInfo"",""namespace"":""org.apache.avro.benchmark.big"",""fields"":[{""name"":""username"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""age"",""default"":-1,""type"":""int""},{""name"":""phone"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""housenum"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""address"",""default"":{},""type"":{""type"":""record"",""name"":""mailing_address"",""namespace"":""org.apache.avro.benchmark.big"",""fields"":[{""name"":""street"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""city"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""state_prov"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""country"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""},{""name"":""zip"",""default"":""NONE"",""type"":""string""}]}}]}");
+		private string _username;
+		private int _age;
+		private string _phone;
+		private string _housenum;
+		private org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.mailing_address _address;
+		public virtual Schema Schema
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return userInfo._SCHEMA;
+			}
+		}
+		public string username
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._username;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._username = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public int age
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._age;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._age = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string phone
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._phone;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._phone = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public string housenum
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._housenum;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._housenum = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.mailing_address address
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._address;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._address = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: return this.username;
+			case 1: return this.age;
+			case 2: return this.phone;
+			case 3: return this.housenum;
+			case 4: return this.address;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+			};
+		}
+		public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: this.username = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 1: this.age = (System.Int32)fieldValue; break;
+			case 2: this.phone = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 3: this.housenum = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			case 4: this.address = (org.apache.avro.benchmark.big.mailing_address)fieldValue; break;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+			};
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/small/test.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/small/test.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0553d1fe16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/org/apache/avro/benchmark/small/test.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//    Generated by avrogen, version 1.11.0.0
+//    Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
+//    is regenerated
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace org.apache.avro.benchmark.small
+{
+	using System;
+	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Text;
+	using Avro;
+	using Avro.Specific;
+	
+	public partial class test : ISpecificRecord
+	{
+		public static Schema _SCHEMA = Avro.Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"test\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.benchmark.small\",\"fie" +
+				"lds\":[{\"name\":\"field\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
+		private string _field;
+		public virtual Schema Schema
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return test._SCHEMA;
+			}
+		}
+		public string field
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._field;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._field = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: return this.field;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+			};
+		}
+		public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: this.field = (System.String)fieldValue; break;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+			};
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/big.avsc b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/big.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9075306a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/big.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "org.apache.avro.benchmark.big",
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "userInfo",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "default": "NONE",
+      "type": "string",
+      "name": "username"
+    },
+    {
+      "default": -1,
+      "type": "int",
+      "name": "age"
+    },
+    {
+      "default": "NONE",
+      "type": "string",
+      "name": "phone"
+    },
+    {
+      "default": "NONE",
+      "type": "string",
+      "name": "housenum"
+    },
+    {
+      "default": {},
+      "type": {
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "default": "NONE",
+            "type": "string",
+            "name": "street"
+          },
+          {
+            "default": "NONE",
+            "type": "string",
+            "name": "city"
+          },
+          {
+            "default": "NONE",
+            "type": "string",
+            "name": "state_prov"
+          },
+          {
+            "default": "NONE",
+            "type": "string",
+            "name": "country"
+          },
+          {
+            "default": "NONE",
+            "type": "string",
+            "name": "zip"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "mailing_address"
+      },
+      "name": "address"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/small.avsc b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/small.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee320705c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/benchmark/schema/small.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "org.apache.avro.benchmark.small",
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "test",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "type": {
+        "type": "string"
+      },
+      "name": "field"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/Avro.File.BZip2.Test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/Avro.File.BZip2.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ace1db23c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/Avro.File.BZip2.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../Avro.File.BZip2/Avro.File.BZip2.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/BZip2Tests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/BZip2Tests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..821cb4b7233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2.Test/BZip2Tests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.File.BZip2.Test
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        private static readonly int[] _testLengths = new int[] { 0, 1000, 64 * 1024, 100000 };
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompress([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            BZip2Codec codec = new BZip2Codec(level);
+
+            byte[] compressed = codec.Compress(data);
+            byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+        }
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompressStream([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            BZip2Codec codec = new BZip2Codec(level);
+
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(data))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                codec.Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+
+                byte[] compressed = outputStream.ToArray();
+                byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+                Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringAndName([Values] BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            BZip2Codec codec = new BZip2Codec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("bzip2", codec.GetName());
+            Assert.AreEqual($"bzip2-{(int)level}", codec.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultLevel()
+        {
+            BZip2Codec codec = new BZip2Codec();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(BZip2Level.Default, codec.Level);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equal([Values] BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            BZip2Codec codec1 = new BZip2Codec(level);
+            BZip2Codec codec2 = new BZip2Codec(level);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HashCode([Values] BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            BZip2Codec codec = new BZip2Codec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(0, codec.GetHashCode());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/Avro.File.BZip2.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/Avro.File.BZip2.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8dac7c9f1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/Avro.File.BZip2.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyName>Avro.File.BZip2</AssemblyName>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../../../Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
+    <PackageId>Apache.Avro.File.BZip2</PackageId>
+    <Description>BZip2 compression library for Apache.Avro</Description>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="SharpZipLib" Version="$(SharpZipLibVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../../main/Avro.main.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/BZip2.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/BZip2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..354c39cc89e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.BZip2/BZip2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Avro.File.BZip2
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// BZip2 Compression level
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum BZip2Level
+    {
+        Default = 9,
+        Level1 = 1,
+        Level2 = 2,
+        Level3 = 3,
+        Level4 = 4,
+        Level5 = 5,
+        Level6 = 6,
+        Level7 = 7,
+        Level8 = 8,
+        Level9 = 9
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements BZip2 compression and decompression.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class BZip2Codec : Codec
+    {
+        public BZip2Level Level {get; private set;}
+
+        public BZip2Codec()
+            : this(BZip2Level.Default)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public BZip2Codec(BZip2Level level)
+        {
+            Level = level;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(uncompressedData))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream)
+        {
+            inputStream.Position = 0;
+            outputStream.SetLength(0);
+            ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.BZip2.BZip2.Compress(inputStream, outputStream, false, (int)Level);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int blockLength)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(compressedData, 0, blockLength))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.BZip2.BZip2.Decompress(inputStream, outputStream, false);
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string GetName()
+        {
+            return DataFileConstants.BZip2Codec;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return GetName().GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"{GetName()}-{(int)Level}";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/Avro.File.Snappy.Test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/Avro.File.Snappy.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab325b0fa64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/Avro.File.Snappy.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../Avro.File.Snappy/Avro.File.Snappy.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/SnappyTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/SnappyTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..148d493aae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy.Test/SnappyTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.File.Snappy.Test
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        private static readonly int[] _testLengths = new int[] { 0, 1000, 64 * 1024, 100000 };
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(_testLengths))]
+        public void CompressDecompress(int length)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            SnappyCodec codec = new SnappyCodec();
+
+            byte[] compressed = codec.Compress(data);
+            byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(_testLengths))]
+        public void CompressDecompressStream(int length)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            SnappyCodec codec = new SnappyCodec();
+
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(data))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                codec.Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+
+                byte[] compressed = outputStream.ToArray();
+                byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+                Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringAndName()
+        {
+            SnappyCodec codec = new SnappyCodec();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("snappy", codec.GetName());
+            Assert.AreEqual("snappy", codec.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equal()
+        {
+            SnappyCodec codec1 = new SnappyCodec();
+            SnappyCodec codec2 = new SnappyCodec();
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HashCode()
+        {
+            SnappyCodec codec = new SnappyCodec();
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(0, codec.GetHashCode());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Avro.File.Snappy.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Avro.File.Snappy.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71bc7968827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Avro.File.Snappy.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyName>Avro.File.Snappy</AssemblyName>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../../../Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
+    <PackageId>Apache.Avro.File.Snappy</PackageId>
+    <Description>Snappy compression library for Apache.Avro</Description>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="IronSnappy" Version="$(IronSnappyVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../..//main/Avro.main.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Crc32.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Crc32.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b832e11e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Crc32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+
+namespace Avro.File.Snappy
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements a 32-bit CRC hash algorithm.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class Crc32
+    {
+        private const uint DefaultPolynomial = 0xedb88320u;
+        private const uint DefaultSeed = 0xffffffffu;
+
+        private static uint[] defaultTable;
+
+        public static uint Compute(byte[] buffer)
+        {
+            return Compute(DefaultPolynomial, DefaultSeed, buffer);
+        }
+
+        public static uint Compute(uint polynomial, uint seed, ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
+        {
+            return ~CalculateHash(InitializeTable(polynomial), seed, buffer);
+        }
+
+        private static uint[] InitializeTable(uint polynomial)
+        {
+            if (polynomial == DefaultPolynomial && defaultTable != null)
+                return defaultTable;
+
+            uint[] createTable = new uint[256];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+            {
+                uint entry = (uint)i;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+                    if ((entry & 1) == 1)
+                        entry = (entry >> 1) ^ polynomial;
+                    else
+                        entry >>= 1;
+                createTable[i] = entry;
+            }
+
+            if (polynomial == DefaultPolynomial)
+                defaultTable = createTable;
+
+            return createTable;
+        }
+
+        private static uint CalculateHash(uint[] table, uint seed, ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
+        {
+            uint hash = seed;
+            for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
+                hash = (hash >> 8) ^ table[buffer[i] ^ hash & 0xff];
+            return hash;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Snappy.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Snappy.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a73f8209c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Snappy/Snappy.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Avro.File.Snappy
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements Snappy compression and decompression.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SnappyCodec : Codec
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                byte[] compressedData = IronSnappy.Snappy.Encode(uncompressedData);
+                outputStream.Write(compressedData, 0, compressedData.Length);
+
+                var crc = ByteSwap(Crc32.Compute(uncompressedData));
+                outputStream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(crc), 0, 4);
+
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream)
+        {
+            inputStream.Position = 0;
+
+            byte[] uncompressedData = inputStream.ToArray();
+            byte[] compressedData = IronSnappy.Snappy.Encode(uncompressedData);
+
+            outputStream.SetLength(0);
+
+            outputStream.Write(compressedData, 0, compressedData.Length);
+
+            var crc = ByteSwap(Crc32.Compute(uncompressedData));
+            outputStream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(crc), 0, 4);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int blockLength)
+        {
+            byte[] uncompressedData = IronSnappy.Snappy.Decode(compressedData.AsSpan(0, blockLength - 4));
+
+            return ByteSwap(Crc32.Compute(uncompressedData)) == BitConverter.ToUInt32(compressedData, blockLength - 4) ?
+                uncompressedData :
+                throw new IOException("Checksum failure");
+        }
+
+        private static uint ByteSwap(uint word)
+        {
+            return ((word >> 24) & 0x000000FF) | ((word >> 8) & 0x0000FF00) | ((word << 8) & 0x00FF0000) | ((word << 24) & 0xFF000000);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string GetName()
+        {
+            return DataFileConstants.SnappyCodec;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return GetName().GetHashCode();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/Avro.File.XZ.Test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/Avro.File.XZ.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..354c6a51c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/Avro.File.XZ.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../Avro.File.XZ/Avro.File.XZ.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/XZTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/XZTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27f38dc2bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ.Test/XZTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.File.XZ.Test
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        private static readonly int[] _testLengths = new int[] { 0, 1000, 64 * 1024, 100000 };
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompress([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] XZLevel level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            XZCodec codec = new XZCodec(level);
+
+            byte[] compressed = codec.Compress(data);
+            byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+        }
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompressStream([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] XZLevel level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            XZCodec codec = new XZCodec(level);
+
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(data))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                codec.Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+
+                byte[] compressed = outputStream.ToArray();
+                byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+                Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringAndName([Values] XZLevel level)
+        {
+            XZCodec codec = new XZCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("xz", codec.GetName());
+            Assert.AreEqual($"xz-{(int)level}", codec.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultLevel()
+        {
+            XZCodec codec = new XZCodec();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(XZLevel.Default, codec.Level);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equal([Values] XZLevel level)
+        {
+            XZCodec codec1 = new XZCodec(level);
+            XZCodec codec2 = new XZCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HashCode([Values] XZLevel level)
+        {
+            XZCodec codec = new XZCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(0, codec.GetHashCode());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/Avro.File.XZ.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/Avro.File.XZ.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..034bb99dcce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/Avro.File.XZ.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyName>Avro.File.XZ</AssemblyName>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../../../Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <NoWarn>CS8002</NoWarn> <!-- Referenced assembly 'Joveler.Compression.XZ' does not have a strong name. -->
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
+    <PackageId>Apache.Avro.File.XZ</PackageId>
+    <Description>XZ compression library for Apache.Avro</Description>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Joveler.Compression.XZ" Version="$(JovelerCompressionXZVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../../main/Avro.main.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/XZ.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/XZ.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84d3742f6cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.XZ/XZ.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Joveler.Compression.XZ;
+
+namespace Avro.File.XZ
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// XZ Compression level
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum XZLevel
+    {
+        Level0 = 0,
+        Level1 = 1,
+        Level2 = 2,
+        Level3 = 3,
+        Level4 = 4,
+        Level5 = 5,
+        Level6 = 6,
+        Level7 = 7,
+        Level8 = 8,
+        Level9 = 9,
+        Default = Level6,
+        Minimum = Level0,
+        Maximum = Level9
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements XZ compression and decompression.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class XZCodec : Codec
+    {
+        public XZLevel Level {get; private set;}
+        public bool Extreme {get; private set;}
+        public int Threads {get; private set;}
+
+        public XZCodec()
+            : this(XZLevel.Default)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public XZCodec(XZLevel level)
+            : this(level, false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public XZCodec(XZLevel level, bool extreme)
+            : this(level, extreme, 0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public XZCodec(XZLevel level, bool extreme, int numOfThreads)
+        {
+            Level = level;
+            Extreme = extreme;
+            Threads = numOfThreads;
+        }
+
+        static XZCodec()
+        {
+            Initialize(); // One time initialization
+        }
+
+        private static void Initialize()
+        {
+            string arch = RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture.ToString().ToLower();
+            string foundLibPath = string.Empty;
+            string libPath;
+            string rid;
+            string libName;
+
+            // Determine Platform (needed for proper Runtime ID)
+            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+            {
+                rid = $"win-{arch}";
+                libName = "liblzma.dll";
+            }
+            else
+            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
+            {
+                rid = $"linux-{arch}";
+                libName = "liblzma.so";
+            }
+            else
+            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX))
+            {
+                rid = $"osx-{arch}";
+                libName = "liblzma.dylib";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Unknown platform
+                throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("Unknown runtime platform!");
+            }
+
+            // Try to search for the lib in the working directory and the application binary directory
+            foreach (var relPath in new List<string> { ".", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory })
+            {
+                // Try first the lib name directly
+                libPath = Path.Combine(relPath, libName);
+                if (System.IO.File.Exists(libPath))
+                {
+                    foundLibPath = libPath;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Try the runtimes/RID/native location
+                // This is the default location for netstandard native libs
+                libPath = Path.Combine(relPath, "runtimes", rid, "native", libName);
+                if (System.IO.File.Exists(libPath))
+                {
+                    foundLibPath = libPath;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Try the OS search path if nothing is found yet
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(foundLibPath))
+            {
+                var values = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH");
+                foreach (string path in values.Split(Path.PathSeparator))
+                {
+                    libPath = Path.Combine(path, libName);
+                    if (System.IO.File.Exists(libPath))
+                    {
+                        foundLibPath = libPath;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(foundLibPath))
+                throw new PlatformNotSupportedException($"Unable to find {libName}");
+
+            // Initialize XZ library
+            XZInit.GlobalInit(foundLibPath);
+        }
+
+        public static void Uninitialize()
+        {
+            XZInit.GlobalCleanup();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(uncompressedData))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream)
+        {
+            XZCompressOptions compOpts = new XZCompressOptions
+            {
+                Level = (LzmaCompLevel)(int)Level,
+                ExtremeFlag = Extreme,
+                LeaveOpen = true
+            };
+
+            XZThreadedCompressOptions threadOpts = new XZThreadedCompressOptions
+            {
+                Threads = Threads,
+            };
+
+            inputStream.Position = 0;
+            outputStream.SetLength(0);
+
+            using (XZStream xzStream = new XZStream(outputStream, compOpts, threadOpts))
+            {
+                inputStream.CopyTo(xzStream);
+                xzStream.Flush();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int blockLength)
+        {
+            XZDecompressOptions decompOpts = new XZDecompressOptions();
+
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(compressedData, 0, blockLength))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            using (XZStream xzStream = new XZStream(inputStream, decompOpts))
+            {
+                xzStream.CopyTo(outputStream);
+                xzStream.Flush();
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string GetName()
+        {
+            return DataFileConstants.XZCodec;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return GetName().GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"{GetName()}-{(int)Level}";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..651fabded68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../Avro.File.Zstandard/Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/ZstandardTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/ZstandardTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e360ee576c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard.Test/ZstandardTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.File.Zstandard.Test
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        private static readonly int[] _testLengths = new int[] { 0, 1000, 64 * 1024, 100000 };
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompress([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            ZstandardCodec codec = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+
+            byte[] compressed = codec.Compress(data);
+            byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+        }
+
+        [Test, Combinatorial]
+        public void CompressDecompressStream([ValueSource(nameof(_testLengths))] int length, [Values] ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            byte[] data = Enumerable.Range(0, length).Select(x => (byte)x).ToArray();
+
+            ZstandardCodec codec = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+
+            using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(data))
+            using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                codec.Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+
+                byte[] compressed = outputStream.ToArray();
+                byte[] uncompressed = codec.Decompress(compressed, compressed.Length);
+
+                Assert.IsTrue(Enumerable.SequenceEqual(data, uncompressed));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringAndName([Values] ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            ZstandardCodec codec = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("zstandard", codec.GetName());
+            Assert.AreEqual($"zstandard[{(int)level}]", codec.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultLevel()
+        {
+            ZstandardCodec codec = new ZstandardCodec();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ZstandardLevel.Default, codec.Level);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equal([Values] ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            ZstandardCodec codec1 = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+            ZstandardCodec codec2 = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec1.Equals(codec2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(codec2.Equals(codec1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HashCode([Values] ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            ZstandardCodec codec = new ZstandardCodec(level);
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(0, codec.GetHashCode());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17f9f9f00f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="../../../../common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyName>Avro.File.Zstandard</AssemblyName>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../../../Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <NoWarn>CS8002</NoWarn> <!-- Referenced assembly 'ZstdNet' does not have a strong name. -->
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <!-- NuGet Package Settings -->
+    <PackageId>Apache.Avro.File.Zstandard</PackageId>
+    <Description>Zstandard compression library for Apache.Avro</Description>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
+    <WarningsAsErrors />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Zstandard.Net" Version="$(ZstandardNetVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="../../main/Avro.main.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Zstandard.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Zstandard.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5adfb441799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/Avro.File.Zstandard/Zstandard.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using Zstandard.Net;
+
+namespace Avro.File.Zstandard
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Zstandard Compression level
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum ZstandardLevel
+    {
+        Level1 = 1,
+        Level2 = 2,
+        Level3 = 3,
+        Level4 = 4,
+        Level5 = 5,
+        Level6 = 6,
+        Level7 = 7,
+        Level8 = 8,
+        Level9 = 9,
+        Level10 = 10,
+        Level11 = 11,
+        Level12 = 12,
+        Level13 = 13,
+        Level14 = 14,
+        Level15 = 15,
+        Level16 = 16,
+        Level17 = 17,
+        Level18 = 18,
+        Level19 = 19,
+        Default = Level3,
+        Minimum = Level1,
+        Maximum = Level19
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements Zstandard compression and decompression.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ZstandardCodec : Codec
+    {
+        public ZstandardLevel Level {get; private set;}
+
+        public ZstandardCodec()
+            : this(ZstandardLevel.Default)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ZstandardCodec(ZstandardLevel level)
+        {
+            Level = level;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
+        {
+            using (var outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            using (var compressionStream = new ZstandardStream(outputStream, CompressionMode.Compress))
+            {
+                compressionStream.CompressionLevel = (int)Level;
+                compressionStream.Write(uncompressedData, 0, uncompressedData.Length);
+                compressionStream.Flush();
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream)
+        {
+            inputStream.Position = 0;
+            outputStream.SetLength(0);
+
+            using (var compressionStream = new ZstandardStream(outputStream, CompressionMode.Compress, true))
+            {
+                compressionStream.CompressionLevel = (int)Level;
+                inputStream.CopyTo(compressionStream);
+                compressionStream.Flush();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int blockLength)
+        {
+            using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(compressedData, 0, blockLength))
+            using (var outputStream = new MemoryStream())
+            using (var compressionStream = new ZstandardStream(memoryStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
+            {
+                compressionStream.CopyTo(outputStream);
+                compressionStream.Flush();
+                return outputStream.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string GetName()
+        {
+            return DataFileConstants.ZstandardCodec;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return GetName().GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"{GetName()}[{(int)Level}]";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Avro.codegen.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Avro.codegen.csproj
index 055a20f781f..94aa8123119 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Avro.codegen.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Avro.codegen.csproj
@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
-  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <!--
-    Support all .NET Core 2.1 (LTS), .NET Core 3.1 (LTS) and .NET 5.0 (latest)
-    When installing with 'dotnet tool install', the proper/supported framwork will be selected,
+    Support .NET Core 3.1 (LTS), .NET 5.0, .NET 6.0 (LTS)
+    When installing with 'dotnet tool install', the proper/supported framework will be selected,
     unless framework is explicitly specified with 'dotnet tool install'
     https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/dotnet-tool-install
     -->
-    <TargetFrameworks>netcoreapp2.1;netcoreapp3.1;net5.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultExeTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>avrogen</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.codegen</RootNamespace>
-    <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
     <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
     <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>..\..\..\Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
@@ -51,20 +49,19 @@
     </Description>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <!--
+    Roll-forward to the next available higher major version, and lowest minor version, if requested major version is missing. If the requested major version is present, then the Minor policy is used.
+    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/project-sdk/msbuild-props#rollforward
+  -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <RollForward>Major</RollForward>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
     <WarningsAsErrors />
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="$(NewtonsoftJsonVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.CodeDom" Version="$(SystemCodeDomVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection" Version="$(SystemReflectionVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Emit.ILGeneration" Version="$(SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Emit.Lightweight" Version="$(SystemReflectionEmitLightweightVersion)" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\main\Avro.main.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/AvroGen.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/AvroGen.cs
index 5f4ffd24db8..3b07ca59fdc 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/AvroGen.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/AvroGen.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/**
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
@@ -17,25 +17,43 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
 
 namespace Avro
 {
-    class AvroGen
+    public class AvroGenTool
     {
-        static int Main(string[] args)
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
         {
-            // Print usage if no arguments provided or help requested
-            if (args.Length == 0 || args[0] == "-h" || args[0] == "--help")
+            // Print usage if no arguments provided
+            if (args.Length == 0)
             {
                 Usage();
                 return 1;
             }
 
+            // Print usage if help requested
+            if (args.Contains("-h") || args.Contains("--help"))
+            {
+                Usage();
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (args.Contains("--version") || args.Contains("-V"))
+            {
+                // Print version information
+                // Note: Use InformationalVersion attribute
+                // It is capable to include semver prerelease information label (if prerelease), e.g. 1.x.y-beta.z
+                Console.WriteLine(typeof(AvroGenTool).Assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion);
+                return 0;
+            }
+
             // Parse command line arguments
             bool? isProtocol = null;
             string inputFile = null;
             string outputDir = null;
+            bool skipDirectoriesCreation = false;
             var namespaceMapping = new Dictionary<string, string>();
             for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; ++i)
             {
@@ -82,6 +100,10 @@ static int Main(string[] args)
 
                     namespaceMapping[parts[0]] = parts[1];
                 }
+                else if (args[i] == "--skip-directories")
+                {
+                    skipDirectoriesCreation = true;
+                }
                 else if (outputDir == null)
                 {
                     outputDir = args[i];
@@ -116,7 +138,7 @@ static int Main(string[] args)
             else if (isProtocol.Value)
                 rc = GenProtocol(inputFile, outputDir, namespaceMapping);
             else
-                rc = GenSchema(inputFile, outputDir, namespaceMapping);
+                rc = GenSchema(inputFile, outputDir, namespaceMapping, skipDirectoriesCreation);
 
             return rc;
         }
@@ -128,26 +150,24 @@ static void Usage()
                 "  avrogen -p <protocolfile> <outputdir> [--namespace <my.avro.ns:my.csharp.ns>]\n" +
                 "  avrogen -s <schemafile> <outputdir> [--namespace <my.avro.ns:my.csharp.ns>]\n\n" +
                 "Options:\n" +
-                "  -h --help   Show this screen.\n" +
-                "  --namespace Map an Avro schema/protocol namespace to a C# namespace.\n" +
-                "              The format is \"my.avro.namespace:my.csharp.namespace\".\n" +
-                "              May be specified multiple times to map multiple namespaces.\n",
+                "  -h --help        Show this screen.\n" +
+                "  -V --version     Show version.\n" +
+                "  --namespace      Map an Avro schema/protocol namespace to a C# namespace.\n" +
+                "                   The format is \"my.avro.namespace:my.csharp.namespace\".\n" +
+                "                   May be specified multiple times to map multiple namespaces.\n"  +
+                "  --skip-directories Skip creation of namespace directories. It will generate classes right inside output directory\n",
                 AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
-            return;
         }
-        static int GenProtocol(string infile, string outdir,
+
+        public static int GenProtocol(string infile, string outdir,
             IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping)
         {
             try
             {
                 string text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(infile);
-                Protocol protocol = Protocol.Parse(text);
 
                 CodeGen codegen = new CodeGen();
-                codegen.AddProtocol(protocol);
-
-                foreach (var entry in namespaceMapping)
-                    codegen.NamespaceMapping[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                codegen.AddProtocol(text, namespaceMapping);
 
                 codegen.GenerateCode();
                 codegen.WriteTypes(outdir);
@@ -160,22 +180,18 @@ static int GenProtocol(string infile, string outdir,
 
             return 0;
         }
-        static int GenSchema(string infile, string outdir,
-            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping)
+
+        public static int GenSchema(string infile, string outdir,
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping, bool skipDirectories)
         {
             try
             {
                 string text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(infile);
-                Schema schema = Schema.Parse(text);
-
                 CodeGen codegen = new CodeGen();
-                codegen.AddSchema(schema);
-
-                foreach (var entry in namespaceMapping)
-                    codegen.NamespaceMapping[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                codegen.AddSchema(text, namespaceMapping);
 
                 codegen.GenerateCode();
-                codegen.WriteTypes(outdir);
+                codegen.WriteTypes(outdir, skipDirectories);
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/Avro.ipc.test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/Avro.ipc.test.csproj
index 47eeba2e5bd..dfa5faa4cfe 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/Avro.ipc.test.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc.test/Avro.ipc.test.csproj
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 -->
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
+  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
+
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>net40</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.ipc.test</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>Avro.ipc.test</AssemblyName>
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
@@ -30,23 +33,10 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="nunit">
-      <Version>3.10.1</Version>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="nunit3testadapter">
-      <Version>3.10.0</Version>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner">
-      <Version>3.9.0</Version>
-    </PackageReference>
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)'!='netcoreapp2.0'">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="15.6.1" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)'=='netcoreapp2.0'">
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="15.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Avro.ipc.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Avro.ipc.csproj
index b72fe9fe589..8e082b67c76 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Avro.ipc.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Avro.ipc.csproj
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 -->
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
+  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
+
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>net40;netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>Avro.ipc</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.ipc</RootNamespace>
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="castle.core" Version="4.2.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="log4net" Version="2.0.8" />
+    <PackageReference Include="log4net" Version="2.0.14" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Responder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Responder.cs
index 875977462d5..10c40670a05 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Responder.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Responder.cs
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ public IList<MemoryStream> Respond(IList<MemoryStream> buffers,
                     WriteResponse(m.Response, response, output);
                 else
                 {
-                    try 
-                    {
-                        WriteError(m.SupportedErrors, error, output);
-                    } 
-                    catch (Exception)
-                    {    
-                        // Presumably no match on the exception, throw the original
-                        throw error;
+                    try 
+                    {
+                        WriteError(m.SupportedErrors, error, output);
+                    } 
+                    catch (Exception)
+                    {    
+                        // Presumably no match on the exception, throw the original
+                        throw error;
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Specific/SpecificRequestor.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Specific/SpecificRequestor.cs
index b14ceff4fed..4ef8916d9b5 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Specific/SpecificRequestor.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/ipc/Specific/SpecificRequestor.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/**
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ public override object ReadResponse(Schema writer, Schema reader, Decoder decode
 
         public override Exception ReadError(Schema writer, Schema reader, Decoder decoder)
         {
-            var response = new SpecificReader<object>(writer, reader).Read(null, decoder);
-
+            var response = new SpecificReader<object>(writer, reader).Read(null, decoder);
+
             var error = response as Exception;
             if(error != null)
                 return error;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AssemblyInfo.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AssemblyInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53eacc1f9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AssemblyInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Avro.test, PublicKey=00240000048000009400000006020000002400005253413100040000010001001145636d1b96168c2781abfd60478f45d010fe83dd0f318404cbf67252bca8cd827f24648d47ff682f35e60307c05d3cd89f0b063729cf8d2ebe6510b9e7d295dec6707ec91719d859458981f7ca1cbbea79b702b2fb64d1dbf0881887315345b70fa50fcf91b59e6a937c8d23919d409ee2f1f234cc4c8dbf5a29d3d670f3c9")]
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Avro.main.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Avro.main.csproj
index 15cfeadde71..beb1dff4d58 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Avro.main.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Avro.main.csproj
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
-  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;netstandard2.1;netcoreapp2.1</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>Avro</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Avro</RootNamespace>
     <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
@@ -48,28 +47,10 @@
     <WarningsAsErrors />
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <AdditionalFiles Include="..\..\..\stylecop.json" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers" Version="$(MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion)">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="StyleCop.Analyzers" Version="$(StyleCopAnalyzersVersion)">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
-  </ItemGroup>
-    
   <!-- See lang/csharp/README.md for tool and library dependency update strategy -->
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="$(NewtonsoftJsonMinimumVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.CodeDom" Version="$(SystemCodeDomMinimumVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection" Version="$(SystemReflectionMinimumVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Emit.ILGeneration" Version="$(SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationMinimumVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Emit.Lightweight" Version="$(SystemReflectionEmitLightweightMinimumVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.CodeDom" Version="$(SystemCodeDomVersion)" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0'">
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AvroDecimal.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AvroDecimal.cs
index 17d11204764..98de9b1b13b 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AvroDecimal.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/AvroDecimal.cs
@@ -25,12 +25,10 @@ namespace Avro
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents a big decimal.
     /// </summary>
-    #pragma warning disable CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member
-    #pragma warning disable CA2225 // Operator overloads have named alternates
     public struct AvroDecimal : IConvertible, IFormattable, IComparable, IComparable<AvroDecimal>, IEquatable<AvroDecimal>
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given double.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given double.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The double value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(double value)
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ public AvroDecimal(double value)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given float.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given float.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The float value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(float value)
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ public AvroDecimal(float value)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given decimal.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given decimal.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The decimal value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(decimal value)
@@ -62,42 +60,52 @@ public AvroDecimal(decimal value)
             var scale = bytes[14];
 
             if (bytes[15] == 128)
+            {
                 unscaledValue *= BigInteger.MinusOne;
+            }
 
             UnscaledValue = unscaledValue;
             Scale = scale;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given int.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given int.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The int value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(int value)
-            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0) { }
+            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0)
+        {
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given long.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given long.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The long value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(long value)
-            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0) { }
+            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0)
+        {
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given unsigned int.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given unsigned int.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The unsigned int value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(uint value)
-            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0) { }
+            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0)
+        {
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given unsigned long.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given unsigned long.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The unsigned long value.</param>
         public AvroDecimal(ulong value)
-            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0) { }
+            : this(new BigInteger(value), 0)
+        {
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> class from a given <see cref="BigInteger"/>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> struct from a given <see cref="BigInteger" />
         /// and a scale.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="unscaledValue">The double value.</param>
@@ -109,302 +117,567 @@ public AvroDecimal(BigInteger unscaledValue, int scale)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the unscaled integer value represented by the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Gets the unscaled integer value represented by the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The unscaled value.
+        /// </value>
         public BigInteger UnscaledValue { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the scale of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Gets the scale of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The scale.
+        /// </value>
         public int Scale { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the sign of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Gets the sign of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The sign.
+        /// </value>
         internal int Sign
         {
             get { return UnscaledValue.Sign; }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a string.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a string.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>A string representation of the numeric value.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A string representation of the numeric value.
+        /// </returns>
         public override string ToString()
         {
             var number = UnscaledValue.ToString($"D{Scale + 1}", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
 
             if (Scale > 0)
+            {
                 return number.Insert(number.Length - Scale, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator);
+            }
 
             return number;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator ==.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator ==(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator !=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator !=(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return !left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) > 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >=(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) >= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) < 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <=(AvroDecimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator ==.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator ==(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator !=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator !=(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return !left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) > 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >=(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) >= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) < 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <=(AvroDecimal left, decimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator ==.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator ==(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator !=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator !=(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return !left.Equals(right);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) > 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &gt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator >=(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) >= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) < 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the operator &lt;=.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">The left.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">The right.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The result of the operator.
+        /// </returns>
         public static bool operator <=(decimal left, AvroDecimal right)
         {
             return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="byte" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="byte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator byte(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToByte(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a byte from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="byte" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A byte.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="byte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static byte ToByte(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<byte>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="sbyte" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="sbyte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator sbyte(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToSByte(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a signed byte from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="sbyte" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A signed byte.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="sbyte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static sbyte ToSByte(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<sbyte>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="short" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="short" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator short(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToInt16(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a short from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a short from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A short.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="short" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static short ToInt16(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<short>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="int" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="int" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator int(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToInt32(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an int from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates an int from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>An int.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="int" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static int ToInt32(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<int>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="long" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="long" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator long(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToInt64(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a long from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="long" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A long.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="long" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static long ToInt64(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<long>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="ushort" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ushort" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator ushort(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToUInt16(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an unsigned short from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates an <see cref="ushort" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned short.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ushort" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static ushort ToUInt16(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<ushort>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to <see cref="uint"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="uint" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator uint(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToUInt32(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an unsigned int from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates an <see cref="uint" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned int.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="uint" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static uint ToUInt32(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<uint>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="ulong" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ulong" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator ulong(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToUInt64(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an unsigned long from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates an <see cref="ulong" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned long.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ulong" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static ulong ToUInt64(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<ulong>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="float" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="float" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator float(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToSingle(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a double from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="float" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A double.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="float" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static float ToSingle(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<float>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="double" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="double" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator double(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToDouble(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a double from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="double" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A double.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="double" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static double ToDouble(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<double>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="decimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="decimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator decimal(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToDecimal(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a decimal from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="decimal" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A decimal.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="decimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static decimal ToDecimal(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return value.ToType<decimal>();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to <see cref="BigInteger" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="BigInteger" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static explicit operator BigInteger(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             return ToBigInteger(value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a <see cref="BigInteger"/> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Creates a <see cref="BigInteger" /> from a given <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</param>
-        /// <returns>A <see cref="BigInteger"/>.</returns>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="BigInteger" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static BigInteger ToBigInteger(AvroDecimal value)
         {
             var scaleDivisor = BigInteger.Pow(new BigInteger(10), value.Scale);
@@ -412,71 +685,157 @@ public static BigInteger ToBigInteger(AvroDecimal value)
             return scaledValue;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="byte" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The byte <see cref="byte" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(byte value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="sbyte" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="sbyte" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(sbyte value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="short" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="short" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(short value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="int" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="int" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(int value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="long" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="long" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(long value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="ushort" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="ushort" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(ushort value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="uint" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="uint" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(uint value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="ulong" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="ulong" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(ulong value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="float" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="float" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(float value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="double" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="double" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(double value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="decimal" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="decimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(decimal value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="BigInteger" /> to <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The <see cref="BigInteger" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public static implicit operator AvroDecimal(BigInteger value)
         {
             return new AvroDecimal(value, 0);
-        } 
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the numeric value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a given type.
+        /// Converts the numeric value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a given type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to which the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> should be converted.</typeparam>
-        /// <returns>A value of type <typeparamref name="T"/> converted from the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</returns>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to which the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> should be converted.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A value of type <typeparamref name="T" /> converted from the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         public T ToType<T>()
             where T : struct
         {
@@ -484,19 +843,24 @@ public T ToType<T>()
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the numeric value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a given type.
+        /// Converts the numeric value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a given type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="conversionType">The type to which the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> should be converted.</param>
+        /// <param name="conversionType">The type to which the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> should be converted.</param>
         /// <param name="provider">An System.IFormatProvider interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information.</param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="T:System.Object"></see> instance of type <paramref name="conversionType">conversionType</paramref> whose value is equivalent to the value of this instance.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.OverflowException">The value {UnscaledValue} cannot fit into {conversionType.Name}.</exception>
         object IConvertible.ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             var scaleDivisor = BigInteger.Pow(new BigInteger(10), Scale);
             var remainder = BigInteger.Remainder(UnscaledValue, scaleDivisor);
             var scaledValue = BigInteger.Divide(UnscaledValue, scaleDivisor);
 
-            if (scaledValue > new BigInteger(Decimal.MaxValue))
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", "The value " + UnscaledValue + " cannot fit into " + conversionType.Name + ".");
+            if (scaledValue > new BigInteger(decimal.MaxValue))
+            {
+                throw new OverflowException($"The value {UnscaledValue} cannot fit into {conversionType.Name}.");
+            }
 
             var leftOfDecimal = (decimal)scaledValue;
             var rightOfDecimal = ((decimal)remainder) / ((decimal)scaleDivisor);
@@ -506,220 +870,268 @@ object IConvertible.ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns a value that indicates whether the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> and a specified object
+        /// Returns a value that indicates whether the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> and a specified object
         /// have the same value.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
-        /// <returns>true if the obj argument is an <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> object, and its value
-        /// is equal to the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> instance; otherwise false.
+        /// <returns>
+        /// true if the obj argument is an <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> object, and its value
+        /// is equal to the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> instance; otherwise false.
         /// </returns>
         public override bool Equals(object obj)
         {
-            return (obj is AvroDecimal) && Equals((AvroDecimal)obj);
+            return (obj is AvroDecimal @decimal) && Equals(@decimal);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the hash code for the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Returns the hash code for the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>The hash code.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The hash code.
+        /// </returns>
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
             return UnscaledValue.GetHashCode() ^ Scale.GetHashCode();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the <see cref="TypeCode"/> for the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Returns the <see cref="TypeCode" /> for the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns><see cref="TypeCode.Object"/>.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The enumerated constant that is the <see cref="T:System.TypeCode"></see> of the class or value type that implements this interface.
+        /// </returns>
         TypeCode IConvertible.GetTypeCode()
         {
             return TypeCode.Object;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a boolean.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a boolean.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>true or false, which reflects the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// true or false, which reflects the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToBoolean(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a byte.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a byte.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A byte.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="byte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToByte(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a char.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a char.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>This method always throws an <see cref="InvalidCastException"/>.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// This method always throws an <see cref="InvalidCastException" />.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.InvalidCastException">Cannot cast BigDecimal to Char.</exception>
         char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot cast BigDecimal to Char");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a <see cref="DateTime"/>.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a <see cref="DateTime" />.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>This method always throws an <see cref="InvalidCastException"/>.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// This method always throws an <see cref="InvalidCastException" />.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.InvalidCastException">Cannot cast BigDecimal to DateTime.</exception>
         DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot cast BigDecimal to DateTime");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a decimal.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a decimal.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A decimal.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="decimal" />.
+        /// </returns>
         decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToDecimal(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a double.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a double.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A double.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="double" />.
+        /// </returns>
         double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToDouble(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a short.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a short.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A short.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="short" />.
+        /// </returns>
         short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToInt16(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to an int.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to an int.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>An int.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="int" />.
+        /// </returns>
         int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToInt32(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a long.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a long.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A long.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="long" />.
+        /// </returns>
         long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToInt64(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a signed byte.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a signed byte.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A signed byte.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="sbyte" />.
+        /// </returns>
         sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToSByte(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a float.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a float.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A float.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="float" />.
+        /// </returns>
         float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToSingle(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a string.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a string.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A string.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="string" />.
+        /// </returns>
         string IConvertible.ToString(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToString(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to an unsigned short.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to an unsigned short.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned short.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ushort" />.
+        /// </returns>
         ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToUInt16(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to an unsigned int.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to an unsigned int.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned int.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="uint" />.
+        /// </returns>
         uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToUInt32(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to an unsigned long.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to an unsigned long.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="provider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>An unsigned long.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="ulong" />.
+        /// </returns>
         ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider)
         {
             return Convert.ToUInt64(this, provider);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to a string.
+        /// Converts the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to a string.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="format"></param>
+        /// <param name="format">The format.</param>
         /// <param name="formatProvider">The format provider.</param>
-        /// <returns>A string representation of the numeric value.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A string representation of the numeric value.
+        /// </returns>
         public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
         {
             return ToString();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Compares the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to the value of another object.
+        /// Compares the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to the value of another object.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
-        /// <returns>A value that indicates the relative order of the objects being compared.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A value that indicates the relative order of the objects being compared.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Compare to object must be a BigDecimal - obj.</exception>
         public int CompareTo(object obj)
         {
             if (obj == null)
+            {
                 return 1;
+            }
 
             if (!(obj is AvroDecimal))
+            {
                 throw new ArgumentException("Compare to object must be a BigDecimal", nameof(obj));
+            }
 
             return CompareTo((AvroDecimal)obj);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Compares the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to the value of another
-        /// <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Compares the value of the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to the value of another
+        /// <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to compare.</param>
-        /// <returns>A value that indicates the relative order of the <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>
-        /// instances being compared.</returns>
+        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to compare.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A value that indicates the relative order of the <see cref="AvroDecimal" />
+        /// instances being compared.
+        /// </returns>
         public int CompareTo(AvroDecimal other)
         {
             var unscaledValueCompare = UnscaledValue.CompareTo(other.UnscaledValue);
@@ -727,11 +1139,15 @@ public int CompareTo(AvroDecimal other)
 
             // if both are the same value, return the value
             if (unscaledValueCompare == scaleCompare)
+            {
                 return unscaledValueCompare;
+            }
 
             // if the scales are both the same return unscaled value
             if (scaleCompare == 0)
+            {
                 return unscaledValueCompare;
+            }
 
             var scaledValue = BigInteger.Divide(UnscaledValue, BigInteger.Pow(new BigInteger(10), Scale));
             var otherScaledValue = BigInteger.Divide(other.UnscaledValue, BigInteger.Pow(new BigInteger(10), other.Scale));
@@ -740,17 +1156,26 @@ public int CompareTo(AvroDecimal other)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns a value that indicates whether the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> has the same
-        /// value as another <see cref="AvroDecimal"/>.
+        /// Returns a value that indicates whether the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> has the same
+        /// value as another <see cref="AvroDecimal" />.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> to compare.</param>
-        /// <returns>true if the current <see cref="AvroDecimal"/> has the same value as <paramref name="other"/>;
-        /// otherwise false.</returns>
+        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> to compare.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// true if the current <see cref="AvroDecimal" /> has the same value as <paramref name="other" />;
+        /// otherwise false.
+        /// </returns>
         public bool Equals(AvroDecimal other)
         {
             return Scale == other.Scale && UnscaledValue == other.UnscaledValue;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the bytes from decimal.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="d">The <see cref="decimal" />.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A byte array.
+        /// </returns>
         private static byte[] GetBytesFromDecimal(decimal d)
         {
             byte[] bytes = new byte[16];
@@ -781,6 +1206,4 @@ private static byte[] GetBytesFromDecimal(decimal d)
             return bytes;
         }
     }
-    #pragma warning restore CA2225 // Operator overloads have named alternates
-    #pragma warning restore CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGen.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGen.cs
index 70ab5bddc74..73b95852d7b 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGen.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGen.cs
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using Microsoft.CSharp;
 
 namespace Avro
@@ -33,120 +35,180 @@ namespace Avro
     public class CodeGen
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Object that contains all the generated types
+        /// Gets object that contains all the generated types.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The code compile unit.
+        /// </value>
         public CodeCompileUnit CompileUnit { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// List of schemas to generate code for
+        /// Gets list of schemas to generate code for.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The schemas.
+        /// </value>
         public IList<Schema> Schemas { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// List of protocols to generate code for
+        /// Gets list of protocols to generate code for.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The protocols.
+        /// </value>
         public IList<Protocol> Protocols { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Mapping of Avro namespaces to C# namespaces
+        /// Gets mapping of Avro namespaces to C# namespaces.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The namespace mapping.
+        /// </value>
+        [Obsolete("NamespaceMapping is not used, use AddProtocol(string ...) or AddSchema(string ...) instead!")]
         public IDictionary<string, string> NamespaceMapping { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// List of generated namespaces
+        /// Gets list of generated namespaces.
         /// </summary>
-        [Obsolete("Use NamespaceLookup instead. This will be removed from the public API in a future version.")]
-        protected Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace> namespaceLookup = new Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        /// <value>
+        /// The namespace lookup.
+        /// </value>
+        protected Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace> NamespaceLookup { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// List of generated namespaces.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CodeGen"/> class.
         /// </summary>
-        protected Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace> NamespaceLookup
+        public CodeGen()
         {
-#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-            get => namespaceLookup;
-            set => namespaceLookup = value;
-#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
+            Schemas = new List<Schema>();
+            Protocols = new List<Protocol>();
+            NamespaceLookup = new Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Default constructor
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CodeGen" /> class.
         /// </summary>
-        public CodeGen()
+        /// <param name="namespaceLookup">The namespace lookup.</param>
+        public CodeGen(Dictionary<string, CodeNamespace> namespaceLookup)
+            : this()
         {
-            this.Schemas = new List<Schema>();
-            this.Protocols = new List<Protocol>();
-            this.NamespaceMapping = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            NamespaceLookup = namespaceLookup;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Adds a protocol object to generate code for
+        /// Adds a protocol object to generate code for.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="protocol">protocol object</param>
+        /// <param name="protocol">The protocol.</param>
         public virtual void AddProtocol(Protocol protocol)
         {
             Protocols.Add(protocol);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Adds a schema object to generate code for
+        /// Parses and adds a protocol object to generate code for.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">schema object</param>
+        /// <param name="protocolText">The protocol.</param>
+        /// <param name="namespaceMapping">namespace mapping key value pairs.</param>
+        public virtual void AddProtocol(string protocolText, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping = null)
+        {
+            // Map namespaces
+            protocolText = ReplaceMappedNamespacesInSchema(protocolText, namespaceMapping);
+            Protocol protocol = Protocol.Parse(protocolText);
+            Protocols.Add(protocol);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a schema object to generate code for.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema object.</param>
         public virtual void AddSchema(Schema schema)
         {
             Schemas.Add(schema);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Adds a namespace object for the given name into the dictionary if it doesn't exist yet
+        /// Parses and adds a schema object to generate code for.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="name">name of namespace</param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        protected virtual CodeNamespace addNamespace(string name)
+        /// <param name="schemaText">schema object.</param>
+        /// <param name="namespaceMapping">namespace mapping key value pairs.</param>
+        public virtual void AddSchema(string schemaText, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping = null)
+        {
+            // Map namespaces
+            schemaText = ReplaceMappedNamespacesInSchema(schemaText, namespaceMapping);
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaText);
+            Schemas.Add(schema);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a namespace object for the given name into the dictionary if it doesn't exist yet.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of namespace.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Code Namespace.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">name - name cannot be null.</exception>
+        protected virtual CodeNamespace AddNamespace(string name)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
+            {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name), "name cannot be null.");
+            }
 
-            CodeNamespace ns = null;
-
-            if (!NamespaceLookup.TryGetValue(name, out ns))
+            if (!NamespaceLookup.TryGetValue(name, out CodeNamespace ns))
             {
-                string csharpNamespace;
-                ns = NamespaceMapping.TryGetValue(name, out csharpNamespace)
-                    ? new CodeNamespace(csharpNamespace)
-                    : new CodeNamespace(CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(name));
+                ns = new CodeNamespace(CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(name));
 
                 foreach (CodeNamespaceImport nci in CodeGenUtil.Instance.NamespaceImports)
+                {
                     ns.Imports.Add(nci);
+                }
 
                 CompileUnit.Namespaces.Add(ns);
                 NamespaceLookup.Add(name, ns);
             }
+
             return ns;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Generates code for the given protocol and schema objects
+        /// Adds a namespace object for the given name into the dictionary if it doesn't exist yet.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of namespace.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Code Namespace.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">name - name cannot be null.</exception>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please change call to AddNamespace(string name).")]
+        protected virtual CodeNamespace addNamespace(string name)
+        {
+            return AddNamespace(name);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates code for the given protocol and schema objects.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>CodeCompileUnit object</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// CodeCompileUnit object.
+        /// </returns>
         public virtual CodeCompileUnit GenerateCode()
         {
             CompileUnit = new CodeCompileUnit();
 
-            processSchemas();
-            processProtocols();
+            ProcessSchemas();
+            ProcessProtocols();
 
             return CompileUnit;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Generates code for the schema objects
+        /// Generates code for the schema objects.
         /// </summary>
-        protected virtual void processSchemas()
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Names in schema should only be of type NamedSchema, type found " + sn.Value.Tag.</exception>
+        protected virtual void ProcessSchemas()
         {
-            foreach (Schema schema in this.Schemas)
+            foreach (Schema schema in Schemas)
             {
-                SchemaNames names = generateNames(schema);
+                SchemaNames names = GenerateNames(schema);
                 foreach (KeyValuePair<SchemaName, NamedSchema> sn in names)
                 {
                     switch (sn.Value.Tag)
@@ -163,13 +225,24 @@ protected virtual void processSchemas()
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Generates code for the protocol objects
+        /// Generates code for the schema objects.
         /// </summary>
-        protected virtual void processProtocols()
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Names in schema should only be of type NamedSchema, type found " + sn.Value.Tag.</exception>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please change call to ProcessSchemas().")]
+        protected virtual void processSchemas()
+        {
+            ProcessSchemas();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates code for the protocol objects.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Names in protocol should only be of type NamedSchema, type found {sn.Value.Tag}</exception>
+        protected virtual void ProcessProtocols()
         {
             foreach (Protocol protocol in Protocols)
             {
-                SchemaNames names = generateNames(protocol);
+                SchemaNames names = GenerateNames(protocol);
                 foreach (KeyValuePair<SchemaName, NamedSchema> sn in names)
                 {
                     switch (sn.Value.Tag)
@@ -179,7 +252,7 @@ protected virtual void processProtocols()
                         case Schema.Type.Record: processRecord(sn.Value); break;
                         case Schema.Type.Error: processRecord(sn.Value); break;
                         default:
-                            throw new CodeGenException("Names in protocol should only be of type NamedSchema, type found " + sn.Value.Tag);
+                            throw new CodeGenException($"Names in protocol should only be of type NamedSchema, type found {sn.Value.Tag}");
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -188,24 +261,74 @@ protected virtual void processProtocols()
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Generate list of named schemas from given protocol
+        /// Generates code for the protocol objects.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="protocol">protocol to process</param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Names in protocol should only be of type NamedSchema, type found {sn.Value.Tag}</exception>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please change call to ProcessProtocols().")]
+        protected virtual void processProtocols()
+        {
+            ProcessProtocols();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate list of named schemas from given protocol.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="protocol">protocol to process.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// List of named schemas.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">protocol - Protocol can not be null.</exception>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please use GenerateNames() instead.")]
         protected virtual SchemaNames generateNames(Protocol protocol)
         {
+            return GenerateNames(protocol);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate list of named schemas from given protocol.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="protocol">protocol to process.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// List of named schemas.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">protocol - Protocol can not be null.</exception>
+        protected virtual SchemaNames GenerateNames(Protocol protocol)
+        {
+            if (protocol == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(protocol), "Protocol can not be null");
+            }
+
             var names = new SchemaNames();
             foreach (Schema schema in protocol.Types)
+            {
                 addName(schema, names);
+            }
+
             return names;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Generate list of named schemas from given schema
+        /// Generate list of named schemas from given schema.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">schema to process</param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema to process.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// List of named schemas.
+        /// </returns>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please use GenerateNames() instead.")]
         protected virtual SchemaNames generateNames(Schema schema)
+        {
+            return GenerateNames(schema);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate list of named schemas from given schema.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema to process.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// List of named schemas.
+        /// </returns>
+        protected virtual SchemaNames GenerateNames(Schema schema)
         {
             var names = new SchemaNames();
             addName(schema, names);
@@ -213,14 +336,18 @@ protected virtual SchemaNames generateNames(Schema schema)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Recursively search the given schema for named schemas and adds them to the given container
+        /// Recursively search the given schema for named schemas and adds them to the given container.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">schema object to search</param>
-        /// <param name="names">list of named schemas</param>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema object to search.</param>
+        /// <param name="names">list of named schemas.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Unable to add name for " + schema.Name + " type " + schema.Tag.</exception>
         protected virtual void addName(Schema schema, SchemaNames names)
         {
             NamedSchema ns = schema as NamedSchema;
-            if (null != ns) if (names.Contains(ns.SchemaName)) return;
+            if (ns != null && names.Contains(ns.SchemaName))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
 
             switch (schema.Tag)
             {
@@ -245,7 +372,10 @@ protected virtual void addName(Schema schema, SchemaNames names)
                     var rs = schema as RecordSchema;
                     names.Add(rs);
                     foreach (Field field in rs.Fields)
+                    {
                         addName(field.Schema, names);
+                    }
+
                     break;
 
                 case Schema.Type.Array:
@@ -261,7 +391,10 @@ protected virtual void addName(Schema schema, SchemaNames names)
                 case Schema.Type.Union:
                     var us = schema as UnionSchema;
                     foreach (Schema usc in us.Schemas)
+                    {
                         addName(usc, names);
+                    }
+
                     break;
 
                 default:
@@ -270,13 +403,21 @@ protected virtual void addName(Schema schema, SchemaNames names)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a class declaration for fixed schema
+        /// Creates a class declaration for fixed schema.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">fixed schema</param>
+        /// <param name="schema">fixed schema.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a fixed
+        /// or
+        /// Namespace required for enum schema " + fixedSchema.Name.
+        /// </exception>
         protected virtual void processFixed(Schema schema)
         {
             FixedSchema fixedSchema = schema as FixedSchema;
-            if (null == fixedSchema) throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a fixed");
+            if (fixedSchema == null)
+            {
+                throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a fixed");
+            }
 
             CodeTypeDeclaration ctd = new CodeTypeDeclaration();
             ctd.Name = CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(fixedSchema.Name);
@@ -284,6 +425,7 @@ protected virtual void processFixed(Schema schema)
             ctd.IsPartial = true;
             ctd.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public;
             ctd.BaseTypes.Add("SpecificFixed");
+            ctd.CustomAttributes.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.GeneratedCodeAttribute);
 
             if (fixedSchema.Documentation != null)
             {
@@ -317,23 +459,35 @@ protected virtual void processFixed(Schema schema)
 
             string nspace = fixedSchema.Namespace;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nspace))
+            {
                 throw new CodeGenException("Namespace required for enum schema " + fixedSchema.Name);
-            CodeNamespace codens = addNamespace(nspace);
+            }
+
+            CodeNamespace codens = AddNamespace(nspace);
             codens.Types.Add(ctd);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an enum declaration
+        /// Creates an enum declaration.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">enum schema</param>
+        /// <param name="schema">enum schema.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">
+        /// Unable to cast schema into an enum
+        /// or
+        /// Namespace required for enum schema " + enumschema.Name.
+        /// </exception>
         protected virtual void processEnum(Schema schema)
         {
             EnumSchema enumschema = schema as EnumSchema;
-            if (null == enumschema) throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into an enum");
+            if (enumschema == null)
+            {
+                throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into an enum");
+            }
 
             CodeTypeDeclaration ctd = new CodeTypeDeclaration(CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(enumschema.Name));
             ctd.IsEnum = true;
             ctd.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public;
+            ctd.CustomAttributes.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.GeneratedCodeAttribute);
 
             if (enumschema.Documentation != null)
             {
@@ -342,16 +496,17 @@ protected virtual void processEnum(Schema schema)
 
             foreach (string symbol in enumschema.Symbols)
             {
-                if (CodeGenUtil.Instance.ReservedKeywords.Contains(symbol))
-                    throw new CodeGenException("Enum symbol " + symbol + " is a C# reserved keyword");
                 CodeMemberField field = new CodeMemberField(typeof(int), symbol);
                 ctd.Members.Add(field);
             }
 
             string nspace = enumschema.Namespace;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nspace))
+            {
                 throw new CodeGenException("Namespace required for enum schema " + enumschema.Name);
-            CodeNamespace codens = addNamespace(nspace);
+            }
+
+            CodeNamespace codens = AddNamespace(nspace);
 
             codens.Types.Add(ctd);
         }
@@ -360,6 +515,7 @@ protected virtual void processEnum(Schema schema)
         /// Generates code for an individual protocol.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="protocol">Protocol to generate code for.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">Namespace required for enum schema " + nspace.</exception>
         protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
         {
             // Create abstract class
@@ -369,6 +525,7 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
             ctd.TypeAttributes = TypeAttributes.Abstract | TypeAttributes.Public;
             ctd.IsClass = true;
             ctd.BaseTypes.Add("Avro.Specific.ISpecificProtocol");
+            ctd.CustomAttributes.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.GeneratedCodeAttribute);
 
             AddProtocolDocumentation(protocol, ctd);
 
@@ -394,15 +551,14 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
             property.Type = new CodeTypeReference("Avro.Protocol");
             property.HasGet = true;
 
-
             property.GetStatements.Add(new CodeTypeReferenceExpression("return protocol"));
             ctd.Members.Add(property);
 
-            //var requestMethod = CreateRequestMethod();
-            //ctd.Members.Add(requestMethod);
-
+            // var requestMethod = CreateRequestMethod();
+            // ctd.Members.Add(requestMethod);
             var requestMethod = CreateRequestMethod();
-            //requestMethod.Attributes |= MemberAttributes.Override;
+
+            // requestMethod.Attributes |= MemberAttributes.Override;
             var builder = new StringBuilder();
 
             if (protocol.Messages.Count > 0)
@@ -425,6 +581,7 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
 
                 builder.Append("\t\t\t}");
             }
+
             var cseGet = new CodeSnippetExpression(builder.ToString());
 
             requestMethod.Statements.Add(cseGet);
@@ -434,8 +591,11 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
 
             string nspace = protocol.Namespace;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nspace))
+            {
                 throw new CodeGenException("Namespace required for enum schema " + nspace);
-            CodeNamespace codens = addNamespace(nspace);
+            }
+
+            CodeNamespace codens = AddNamespace(nspace);
 
             codens.Types.Add(ctd);
 
@@ -444,11 +604,9 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
             ctd.TypeAttributes = TypeAttributes.Abstract | TypeAttributes.Public;
             ctd.IsClass = true;
             ctd.BaseTypes.Add(protocolNameMangled);
+            ctd.CustomAttributes.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.GeneratedCodeAttribute);
 
             // Need to override
-
-
-
             AddProtocolDocumentation(protocol, ctd);
 
             AddMethods(protocol, true, ctd);
@@ -456,29 +614,40 @@ protected virtual void processInterface(Protocol protocol)
             codens.Types.Add(ctd);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates the request method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A declaration for a method of a type.</returns>
         private static CodeMemberMethod CreateRequestMethod()
         {
             var requestMethod = new CodeMemberMethod();
             requestMethod.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public | MemberAttributes.Final;
             requestMethod.Name = "Request";
-            requestMethod.ReturnType = new CodeTypeReference(typeof (void));
+            requestMethod.ReturnType = new CodeTypeReference(typeof(void));
             {
-                var requestor = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof (Avro.Specific.ICallbackRequestor),
+                var requestor = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof(Specific.ICallbackRequestor),
                                                                        "requestor");
                 requestMethod.Parameters.Add(requestor);
 
-                var messageName = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof (string), "messageName");
+                var messageName = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof(string), "messageName");
                 requestMethod.Parameters.Add(messageName);
 
-                var args = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof (object[]), "args");
+                var args = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof(object[]), "args");
                 requestMethod.Parameters.Add(args);
 
-                var callback = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof (object), "callback");
+                var callback = new CodeParameterDeclarationExpression(typeof(object), "callback");
                 requestMethod.Parameters.Add(callback);
             }
+
             return requestMethod;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the methods.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="protocol">The protocol.</param>
+        /// <param name="generateCallback">if set to <c>true</c> [generate callback].</param>
+        /// <param name="ctd">The CTD.</param>
         private static void AddMethods(Protocol protocol, bool generateCallback, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd)
         {
             foreach (var e in protocol.Messages)
@@ -488,18 +657,22 @@ private static void AddMethods(Protocol protocol, bool generateCallback, CodeTyp
                 var response = message.Response;
 
                 if (generateCallback && message.Oneway.GetValueOrDefault())
+                {
                     continue;
+                }
 
                 var messageMember = new CodeMemberMethod();
                 messageMember.Name = CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(name);
                 messageMember.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public | MemberAttributes.Abstract;
 
-                if (message.Doc!= null && message.Doc.Trim() != string.Empty)
+                if (message.Doc != null && message.Doc.Trim() != string.Empty)
+                {
                     messageMember.Comments.Add(new CodeCommentStatement(message.Doc));
+                }
 
                 if (message.Oneway.GetValueOrDefault() || generateCallback)
                 {
-                    messageMember.ReturnType = new CodeTypeReference(typeof (void));
+                    messageMember.ReturnType = new CodeTypeReference(typeof(void));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -528,11 +701,15 @@ private static void AddMethods(Protocol protocol, bool generateCallback, CodeTyp
                     messageMember.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                 }
 
-
                 ctd.Members.Add(messageMember);
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the protocol documentation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="protocol">The protocol.</param>
+        /// <param name="ctd">The CTD.</param>
         private void AddProtocolDocumentation(Protocol protocol, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd)
         {
             // Add interface documentation
@@ -540,25 +717,41 @@ private void AddProtocolDocumentation(Protocol protocol, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd
             {
                 var interfaceDoc = createDocComment(protocol.Doc);
                 if (interfaceDoc != null)
+                {
                     ctd.Comments.Add(interfaceDoc);
+                }
             }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a class declaration
+        /// Creates a class declaration.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">record schema</param>
-        /// <returns>A new class code type declaration</returns>
+        /// <param name="schema">record schema.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new class code type declaration.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a record
+        /// or
+        /// Namespace required for record schema " + recordSchema.Name.
+        /// </exception>
         protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
         {
             RecordSchema recordSchema = schema as RecordSchema;
-            if (null == recordSchema) throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a record");
+            if (recordSchema == null)
+            {
+                throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a record");
+            }
 
             bool isError = recordSchema.Tag == Schema.Type.Error;
 
             // declare the class
             var ctd = new CodeTypeDeclaration(CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(recordSchema.Name));
-            ctd.BaseTypes.Add(isError ? "SpecificException" : "ISpecificRecord");
+            var baseTypeReference = new CodeTypeReference(
+                isError ? typeof(Specific.SpecificException) : typeof(Specific.ISpecificRecord),
+                CodeTypeReferenceOptions.GlobalReference);
+            ctd.BaseTypes.Add(baseTypeReference);
+            ctd.CustomAttributes.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.GeneratedCodeAttribute);
 
             ctd.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public;
             ctd.IsClass = true;
@@ -609,7 +802,7 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
                 codeField.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Private;
                 if (field.Schema is EnumSchema es && es.Default != null)
                 {
-                    codeField.InitExpression = new CodeTypeReferenceExpression($"{es.Name}.{es.Default}");
+                    codeField.InitExpression = new CodeTypeReferenceExpression($"{es.Namespace}.{es.Name}.{es.Default}");
                 }
 
                 // Process field documentation if it exist and add to the field
@@ -617,8 +810,10 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
                 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(field.Documentation))
                 {
                     propertyComment = createDocComment(field.Documentation);
-                    if (null != propertyComment)
+                    if (propertyComment != null)
+                    {
                         codeField.Comments.Add(propertyComment);
+                    }
                 }
 
                 // Add field to class
@@ -635,8 +830,10 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
                 property.Type = ctrfield;
                 property.GetStatements.Add(new CodeMethodReturnStatement(fieldRef));
                 property.SetStatements.Add(new CodeAssignStatement(fieldRef, new CodePropertySetValueReferenceExpression()));
-                if (null != propertyComment)
+                if (propertyComment != null)
+                {
                     property.Comments.Add(propertyComment);
+                }
 
                 // Add field property to class
                 ctd.Members.Add(property);
@@ -675,14 +872,14 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
             }
 
             // end switch block for Get()
-            getFieldStmt.AppendLine("\t\t\tdefault: throw new AvroRuntimeException(\"Bad index \" + fieldPos + \" in Get()\");")
+            getFieldStmt.AppendLine("\t\t\tdefault: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException(\"Bad index \" + fieldPos + \" in Get()\");")
                 .Append("\t\t\t}");
             var cseGet = new CodeSnippetExpression(getFieldStmt.ToString());
             cmmGet.Statements.Add(cseGet);
             ctd.Members.Add(cmmGet);
 
             // end switch block for Put()
-            putFieldStmt.AppendLine("\t\t\tdefault: throw new AvroRuntimeException(\"Bad index \" + fieldPos + \" in Put()\");")
+            putFieldStmt.AppendLine("\t\t\tdefault: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException(\"Bad index \" + fieldPos + \" in Put()\");")
                 .Append("\t\t\t}");
             var csePut = new CodeSnippetExpression(putFieldStmt.ToString());
             cmmPut.Statements.Add(csePut);
@@ -690,8 +887,11 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
 
             string nspace = recordSchema.Namespace;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nspace))
+            {
                 throw new CodeGenException("Namespace required for record schema " + recordSchema.Name);
-            CodeNamespace codens = addNamespace(nspace);
+            }
+
+            CodeNamespace codens = AddNamespace(nspace);
 
             codens.Types.Add(ctd);
 
@@ -699,15 +899,30 @@ protected virtual CodeTypeDeclaration processRecord(Schema schema)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the string representation of the schema's data type
+        /// Gets the string representation of the schema's data type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">schema</param>
-        /// <param name="nullible">flag to indicate union with null</param>
-        /// <param name="nullibleEnum">
-        /// This method sets this value to indicate whether the enum is nullable. True indicates
-        /// that it is nullable. False indicates that it is not nullable.
-        /// </param>
-        /// <returns>Name of the schema's C# type representation.</returns>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema.</param>
+        /// <param name="nullible">flag to indicate union with null.</param>
+        /// <param name="nullibleEnum">This method sets this value to indicate whether the enum is nullable. True indicates
+        /// that it is nullable. False indicates that it is not nullable.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Name of the schema's C# type representation.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="CodeGenException">
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a named schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a named schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to cast schema into an array schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a map schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a union schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to cast schema into a logical schema
+        /// or
+        /// Unable to generate CodeTypeReference for " + schema.Name + " type " + schema.Tag.
+        /// </exception>
         internal static string getType(Schema schema, bool nullible, ref bool nullibleEnum)
         {
             switch (schema.Tag)
@@ -715,20 +930,19 @@ internal static string getType(Schema schema, bool nullible, ref bool nullibleEn
                 case Schema.Type.Null:
                     return typeof(object).ToString();
                 case Schema.Type.Boolean:
-                    if (nullible) return $"System.Nullable<{typeof(bool)}>";
-                    else return typeof(bool).ToString();
+                    return nullible ? $"System.Nullable<{typeof(bool)}>" : typeof(bool).ToString();
+
                 case Schema.Type.Int:
-                    if (nullible) return $"System.Nullable<{typeof(int)}>";
-                    else return typeof(int).ToString();
+                    return nullible ? $"System.Nullable<{typeof(int)}>" : typeof(int).ToString();
+
                 case Schema.Type.Long:
-                    if (nullible) return $"System.Nullable<{typeof(long)}>";
-                    else return typeof(long).ToString();
+                    return nullible ? $"System.Nullable<{typeof(long)}>" : typeof(long).ToString();
+
                 case Schema.Type.Float:
-                    if (nullible) return $"System.Nullable<{typeof(float)}>";
-                    else return typeof(float).ToString();
+                    return nullible ? $"System.Nullable<{typeof(float)}>" : typeof(float).ToString();
+
                 case Schema.Type.Double:
-                    if (nullible) return $"System.Nullable<{typeof(double)}>";
-                    else return typeof(double).ToString();
+                    return nullible ? $"System.Nullable<{typeof(double)}>" : typeof(double).ToString();
 
                 case Schema.Type.Bytes:
                     return typeof(byte[]).ToString();
@@ -737,108 +951,132 @@ internal static string getType(Schema schema, bool nullible, ref bool nullibleEn
 
                 case Schema.Type.Enumeration:
                     var namedSchema = schema as NamedSchema;
-                    if (null == namedSchema)
+                    if (namedSchema == null)
+                    {
                         throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a named schema");
+                    }
+
                     if (nullible)
                     {
                         nullibleEnum = true;
                         return "System.Nullable<" + CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(namedSchema.Fullname) + ">";
                     }
-                    else return CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(namedSchema.Fullname);
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(namedSchema.Fullname);
+                    }
 
                 case Schema.Type.Fixed:
                 case Schema.Type.Record:
                 case Schema.Type.Error:
                     namedSchema = schema as NamedSchema;
-                    if (null == namedSchema)
+                    if (namedSchema == null)
+                    {
                         throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a named schema");
+                    }
+
                     return CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(namedSchema.Fullname);
 
                 case Schema.Type.Array:
                     var arraySchema = schema as ArraySchema;
-                    if (null == arraySchema)
+                    if (arraySchema == null)
+                    {
                         throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into an array schema");
+                    }
 
                     return "IList<" + getType(arraySchema.ItemSchema, false, ref nullibleEnum) + ">";
 
                 case Schema.Type.Map:
                     var mapSchema = schema as MapSchema;
-                    if (null == mapSchema)
+                    if (mapSchema == null)
+                    {
                         throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a map schema");
+                    }
+
                     return "IDictionary<string," + getType(mapSchema.ValueSchema, false, ref nullibleEnum) + ">";
 
                 case Schema.Type.Union:
                     var unionSchema = schema as UnionSchema;
-                    if (null == unionSchema)
+                    if (unionSchema == null)
+                    {
                         throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a union schema");
-                    Schema nullibleType = getNullableType(unionSchema);
-                    if (null == nullibleType)
-                        return CodeGenUtil.Object;
-                    else
-                        return getType(nullibleType, true, ref nullibleEnum);
+                    }
+
+                    Schema nullibleType = GetNullableType(unionSchema);
+
+                    return nullibleType == null ? CodeGenUtil.Object : getType(nullibleType, true, ref nullibleEnum);
 
                 case Schema.Type.Logical:
                     var logicalSchema = schema as LogicalSchema;
-                    if (null == logicalSchema)
-                        throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a logical schema");
-                    var csharpType = logicalSchema.LogicalType.GetCSharpType(nullible);
-                    if (csharpType.IsGenericType && csharpType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>))
+                    if (logicalSchema == null)
                     {
-                        return $"System.Nullable<{csharpType.GetGenericArguments()[0]}>";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        return csharpType.ToString();
+                        throw new CodeGenException("Unable to cast schema into a logical schema");
                     }
 
+                    var csharpType = logicalSchema.LogicalType.GetCSharpType(nullible);
+                    return csharpType.IsGenericType && csharpType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>)
+                        ? $"System.Nullable<{csharpType.GetGenericArguments()[0]}>" : csharpType.ToString();
             }
+
             throw new CodeGenException("Unable to generate CodeTypeReference for " + schema.Name + " type " + schema.Tag);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the schema of a union with null
+        /// Gets the schema of a union with null.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">union schema</param>
-        /// <returns>schema that is nullible</returns>
+        /// <param name="schema">union schema.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// schema that is nullable.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">schema - UnionSchema can not be null.</exception>
+        [Obsolete("This method is deprecated and it will be removed in a future release! Please use GetNullableType() instead.")]
         public static Schema getNullableType(UnionSchema schema)
         {
-            Schema ret = null;
-            if (schema.Count == 2)
+            return GetNullableType(schema);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the schema of a union with null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schema">union schema.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// schema that is nullable.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">schema - UnionSchema can not be null.</exception>
+        public static Schema GetNullableType(UnionSchema schema)
+        {
+            if (schema == null)
             {
-                bool nullable = false;
-                foreach (Schema childSchema in schema.Schemas)
-                {
-                    if (childSchema.Tag == Schema.Type.Null)
-                        nullable = true;
-                    else
-                        ret = childSchema;
-                }
-                if (!nullable)
-                    ret = null;
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(schema), "UnionSchema can not be null");
             }
-            return ret;
+
+            if (schema.Count == 2 && !schema.Schemas.All(x => x.Tag != Schema.Type.Null))
+            {
+                return schema.Schemas.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Tag != Schema.Type.Null);
+            }
+
+            return null;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates the static schema field for class types
+        /// Creates the static schema field for class types.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schema">schema</param>
-        /// <param name="ctd">CodeTypeDeclaration for the class</param>
-        /// <param name="overrideFlag">
-        /// Indicates whether we should add the <see cref="MemberAttributes.Override"/> to the
-        /// generated property.
-        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema.</param>
+        /// <param name="ctd">CodeTypeDeclaration for the class.</param>
+        /// <param name="overrideFlag">Indicates whether we should add the <see cref="MemberAttributes.Override" /> to the
+        /// generated property.</param>
         protected virtual void createSchemaField(Schema schema, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd, bool overrideFlag)
         {
             // create schema field
-            var ctrfield = new CodeTypeReference("Schema");
+            var ctrfield = new CodeTypeReference(typeof(Schema), CodeTypeReferenceOptions.GlobalReference);
             string schemaFname = "_SCHEMA";
             var codeField = new CodeMemberField(ctrfield, schemaFname);
             codeField.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public | MemberAttributes.Static;
+
             // create function call Schema.Parse(json)
             var cpe = new CodePrimitiveExpression(schema.ToString());
             var cmie = new CodeMethodInvokeExpression(
-                new CodeMethodReferenceExpression(new CodeTypeReferenceExpression(typeof(Schema)), "Parse"),
+                new CodeMethodReferenceExpression(new CodeTypeReferenceExpression(ctrfield), "Parse"),
                 new CodeExpression[] { cpe });
             codeField.InitExpression = cmie;
             ctd.Members.Add(codeField);
@@ -846,7 +1084,11 @@ protected virtual void createSchemaField(Schema schema, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd,
             // create property to get static schema field
             var property = new CodeMemberProperty();
             property.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Public;
-            if (overrideFlag) property.Attributes |= MemberAttributes.Override;
+            if (overrideFlag)
+            {
+                property.Attributes |= MemberAttributes.Override;
+            }
+
             property.Name = "Schema";
             property.Type = ctrfield;
 
@@ -855,10 +1097,12 @@ protected virtual void createSchemaField(Schema schema, CodeTypeDeclaration ctd,
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates an XML documentation for the given comment
+        /// Creates an XML documentation for the given comment.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="comment">comment</param>
-        /// <returns>CodeCommentStatement object</returns>
+        /// <param name="comment">comment.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// a statement consisting of a single comment.
+        /// </returns>
         protected virtual CodeCommentStatement createDocComment(string comment)
         {
             string text = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
@@ -867,9 +1111,9 @@ protected virtual CodeCommentStatement createDocComment(string comment)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Writes the generated compile unit into one file
+        /// Writes the generated compile unit into one file.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="outputFile">name of output file to write to</param>
+        /// <param name="outputFile">name of output file to write to.</param>
         public virtual void WriteCompileUnit(string outputFile)
         {
             var cscp = new CSharpCodeProvider();
@@ -886,10 +1130,55 @@ public virtual void WriteCompileUnit(string outputFile)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Writes each types in each namespaces into individual files
+        /// Gets names and generated code of the schema(s) types
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="outputdir">name of directory to write to</param>
-        public virtual void WriteTypes(string outputdir)
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public virtual IDictionary<string, string> GetTypes()
+        {
+            using (var cscp = new CSharpCodeProvider())
+            {
+                var opts = new CodeGeneratorOptions
+                {
+                    BracingStyle = "C", IndentString = "\t", BlankLinesBetweenMembers = false
+                };
+                CodeNamespaceCollection nsc = CompileUnit.Namespaces;
+
+                var sourceCodeByName = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < nsc.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    var ns = nsc[i];
+
+                    var new_ns = new CodeNamespace(ns.Name);
+                    new_ns.Comments.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.FileComment);
+                    foreach (CodeNamespaceImport nci in CodeGenUtil.Instance.NamespaceImports)
+                    {
+                        new_ns.Imports.Add(nci);
+                    }
+
+                    var types = ns.Types;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < types.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        var ctd = types[j];
+                        using (var writer = new StringWriter())
+                        {
+                            new_ns.Types.Add(ctd);
+                            cscp.GenerateCodeFromNamespace(new_ns, writer, opts);
+                            new_ns.Types.Remove(ctd);
+                            sourceCodeByName[ctd.Name] = writer.ToString();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return sourceCodeByName;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes each types in each namespaces into individual files.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputdir">name of directory to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="skipDirectories">skip creation of directories based on schema namespace</param>
+        public virtual void WriteTypes(string outputdir, bool skipDirectories = false)
         {
             var cscp = new CSharpCodeProvider();
 
@@ -904,16 +1193,21 @@ public virtual void WriteTypes(string outputdir)
                 var ns = nsc[i];
 
                 string dir = outputdir;
-                foreach (string name in CodeGenUtil.Instance.UnMangle(ns.Name).Split('.'))
+                if (skipDirectories != true)
                 {
-                    dir = Path.Combine(dir, name);
+                    foreach (string name in CodeGenUtil.Instance.UnMangle(ns.Name).Split('.'))
+                    {
+                        dir = Path.Combine(dir, name);
+                    }
                 }
                 Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
 
                 var new_ns = new CodeNamespace(ns.Name);
                 new_ns.Comments.Add(CodeGenUtil.Instance.FileComment);
                 foreach (CodeNamespaceImport nci in CodeGenUtil.Instance.NamespaceImports)
+                {
                     new_ns.Imports.Add(nci);
+                }
 
                 var types = ns.Types;
                 for (int j = 0; j < types.Count; j++)
@@ -929,5 +1223,48 @@ public virtual void WriteTypes(string outputdir)
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Replace namespace(s) in schema or protocol definition.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">input schema or protocol definition.</param>
+        /// <param name="namespaceMapping">namespace mappings object.</param>
+        private static string ReplaceMappedNamespacesInSchema(string input, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping)
+        {
+            if (namespaceMapping == null || input == null)
+                return input;
+
+            // Replace namespace in "namespace" definitions:
+            //    "namespace": "originalnamespace" -> "namespace": "mappednamespace"
+            //    "namespace": "originalnamespace.whatever" -> "namespace": "mappednamespace.whatever"
+            // Note: It keeps the original whitespaces
+            return Regex.Replace(input, @"""namespace""(\s*):(\s*)""([^""]*)""", m =>
+            {
+                // m.Groups[1]: whitespaces before ':'
+                // m.Groups[2]: whitespaces after ':'
+                // m.Groups[3]: the namespace
+
+                string ns = m.Groups[3].Value;
+
+                foreach (var mapping in namespaceMapping)
+                {
+                    // Full match
+                    if (mapping.Key == ns)
+                    {
+                        ns = mapping.Value;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    // Partial match
+                    if (ns.StartsWith($"{mapping.Key}."))
+                    {
+                        ns = $"{mapping.Value}.{ns.Substring(mapping.Key.Length + 1)}";
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return $@"""namespace""{m.Groups[1].Value}:{m.Groups[2].Value}""{ns}""";
+            });
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenException.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenException.cs
index 485646fd033..1601a1e285d 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenException.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenException.cs
@@ -19,17 +19,34 @@
 
 namespace Avro
 {
-    class CodeGenException : AvroException
+    /// <summary>
+    /// CodeGen Exception.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <seealso cref="Avro.AvroException" />
+    public class CodeGenException : AvroException
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CodeGenException"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
         public CodeGenException()
         {
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CodeGenException"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="s">The message that describes the error.</param>
         public CodeGenException(string s)
             : base(s)
         {
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CodeGenException"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="s">The message that describes the error.</param>
+        /// <param name="inner">The exception that is the cause of the current exception, or a null reference
+        /// if no inner exception is specified.</param>
         public CodeGenException(string s, Exception inner)
             : base(s, inner)
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenUtil.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenUtil.cs
index 54de067923d..1a720e16533 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenUtil.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/CodeGen/CodeGenUtil.cs
@@ -15,64 +15,94 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
+using System.CodeDom;
+using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text;
-using System.CodeDom;
 
 namespace Avro
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// A singleton class containing data used by codegen
+    /// A singleton class containing data used by codegen.
     /// </summary>
     public sealed class CodeGenUtil
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Singleton instance of this class.
+        /// Gets singleton instance of this class.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The instance.
+        /// </value>
         public static CodeGenUtil Instance { get; } = new CodeGenUtil();
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Namespaces to import in generated code.
+        /// Gets namespaces to import in generated code.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The namespace imports.
+        /// </value>
         public CodeNamespaceImport[] NamespaceImports { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Comment included at the top of each generated code file.
+        /// Gets comment included at the top of each generated code file.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The file comment.
+        /// </value>
         public CodeCommentStatement FileComment { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Reserved keywords in the C# language.
+        /// Gets reserved keywords in the C# language.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The reserved keywords.
+        /// </value>
         public HashSet<string> ReservedKeywords { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the generated code attribute.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The generated code attribute.
+        /// </value>
+        public CodeAttributeDeclaration GeneratedCodeAttribute { get; private set; }
+
         private const char At = '@';
         private const char Dot = '.';
+        private readonly string _assemblyInformationVersion = GetInformationalVersion();
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Fully-qualified name of a <see cref="Object"/> type.
+        /// Fully-qualified name of a <see cref="Object" /> type.
         /// </summary>
         public const string Object = "System.Object";
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Prevents a default instance of the <see cref="CodeGenUtil"/> class from being created.
+        /// </summary>
         private CodeGenUtil()
         {
             NamespaceImports = new CodeNamespaceImport[] {
                 new CodeNamespaceImport("System"),
                 new CodeNamespaceImport("System.Collections.Generic"),
                 new CodeNamespaceImport("System.Text"),
-                new CodeNamespaceImport("Avro"),
-                new CodeNamespaceImport("Avro.Specific") };
+                new CodeNamespaceImport("global::Avro"),
+                new CodeNamespaceImport("global::Avro.Specific") };
 
             FileComment = new CodeCommentStatement(
 @"------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  <auto-generated>
-    Generated by " + System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName + ", version " + System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version + @"
+    Generated by " + System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName + ", version " + _assemblyInformationVersion + @"
     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
     is regenerated
  </auto-generated>
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
 
             // Visual Studio 2010 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x53a06bb.aspx
+            // Note:
+            //  1. Contextual keywords are not reserved keywords e.g. value, partial
+            //  2. __arglist, __makeref, __reftype, __refvalue are undocumented keywords, but recognized by the C# compiler
             ReservedKeywords = new HashSet<string>() {
                 "abstract","as", "base", "bool", "break", "byte", "case", "catch", "char", "checked", "class",
                 "const", "continue", "decimal", "default", "delegate", "do", "double", "else", "enum", "event",
@@ -81,14 +111,17 @@ is regenerated
                 "null", "object", "operator", "out", "override", "params", "private", "protected", "public",
                 "readonly", "ref", "return", "sbyte", "sealed", "short", "sizeof", "stackalloc", "static",
                 "string", "struct", "switch", "this", "throw", "true", "try", "typeof", "uint", "ulong",
-                "unchecked", "unsafe", "ushort", "using", "virtual", "void", "volatile", "while", "value", "partial" };
+                "unchecked", "unsafe", "ushort", "using", "virtual", "void", "volatile", "while",
+                "__arglist", "__makeref", "__reftype", "__refvalue" };
+
+            GeneratedCodeAttribute = GetGeneratedCodeAttribute();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Append @ to all reserved keywords that appear on the given name
+        /// Append @ to all reserved keywords that appear on the given name.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="name"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="name">The name.</param>
+        /// <returns>updated string.</returns>
         public string Mangle(string name)
         {
             var builder = new StringBuilder();
@@ -105,10 +138,10 @@ public string Mangle(string name)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Remove all the @
+        /// Remove all the @.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="name"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="name">The name.</param>
+        /// <returns>updated string.</returns>
         public string UnMangle(string name)
         {
             var builder = new StringBuilder(name.Length);
@@ -117,5 +150,32 @@ public string UnMangle(string name)
                     builder.Append(name[i]);
             return builder.ToString();
         }
+
+        private CodeAttributeDeclaration GetGeneratedCodeAttribute()
+        {
+            GeneratedCodeAttribute generatedCodeAttribute =
+                new GeneratedCodeAttribute(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName,
+                _assemblyInformationVersion);
+
+            CodePrimitiveExpression tool = new CodePrimitiveExpression(generatedCodeAttribute.Tool);
+            CodePrimitiveExpression version = new CodePrimitiveExpression(generatedCodeAttribute.Version);
+
+            CodeAttributeDeclaration codeAttributeDeclaration =
+                new CodeAttributeDeclaration($"global::{generatedCodeAttribute.GetType().FullName}",
+                new CodeAttributeArgument(tool),
+                new CodeAttributeArgument(version));
+
+            return codeAttributeDeclaration;
+        }
+
+        private static string GetInformationalVersion()
+        {
+            System.Reflection.AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute attribute =
+                (System.Reflection.AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute)
+                System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
+                .GetCustomAttribute(typeof(System.Reflection.AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute));
+
+            return attribute.InformationalVersion;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Codec.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Codec.cs
index f8667f7cccf..46191997a1d 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Codec.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Codec.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
 
 namespace Avro.File
 {
@@ -27,102 +30,199 @@ namespace Avro.File
     public abstract class Codec
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Compress data using implemented codec
+        /// Compress data using implemented codec.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="uncompressedData"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        abstract public byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData);
+        /// <param name="uncompressedData">The uncompressed data.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// byte array.
+        /// </returns>
+        public abstract byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Compress data using implemented codec
+        /// Compress data using implemented codec.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inputStream">The stream which contains the data to be compressed</param>
+        /// <param name="inputStream">The stream which contains the data to be compressed.</param>
         /// <param name="outputStream">A reusable stream which will hold the compressed data. That stream should be empty.</param>
-        abstract public void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream);
+        public abstract void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Decompress data using implemented codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="compressedData">The buffer holding data to decompress.</param>
+        /// <returns>A byte array holding the decompressed data.</returns>
+        [Obsolete]
+        public virtual byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData)
+        {
+            return Decompress(compressedData, compressedData.Length);
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Decompress data using implemented codec
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="compressedData"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        abstract public byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData);
+        /// <param name="compressedData">The buffer holding data to decompress.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The actual length of bytes to decompress from the buffer.</param>
+        /// <returns>A byte array holding the decompressed data.</returns>
+        public abstract byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int length);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Name of this codec type
+        /// Name of this codec type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        abstract public string GetName();
+        /// <returns>The codec name.</returns>
+        public abstract string GetName();
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Codecs must implement an equals() method
+        /// Codecs must implement an equals() method.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="other"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        abstract public override bool Equals(object other);
+        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="object" /> to compare with this instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if the specified <see cref="object" /> is equal to this instance; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </returns>
+        public abstract override bool Equals(object other);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Codecs must implement a HashCode() method that is
-        /// consistent with Equals
+        /// consistent with Equals.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns></returns>
-        abstract public override int GetHashCode();
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A hash code for this instance, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
+        /// </returns>
+        public abstract override int GetHashCode();
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Codec types
+        /// Codec types.
         /// </summary>
         public enum Type
         {
             /// <summary>
-            /// Codec type that implments the "deflate" compression algorithm.
+            /// Codec type that implements the "deflate" compression algorithm.
             /// </summary>
             Deflate,
 
-            //Snappy
-
             /// <summary>
             /// Codec that does not perform any compression.
             /// </summary>
-            Null
-        };
+            Null,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Codec type that implements the "Snappy" compression algorithm.
+            /// </summary>
+            Snappy,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Codec type that implements the "BZip2" compression algorithm.
+            /// </summary>
+            BZip2,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Codec type that implements the "XZ" compression algorithm.
+            /// </summary>
+            XZ,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Codec type that implements the "Zstandard" compression algorithm.
+            /// </summary>
+            Zstandard
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Represents a function capable of resolving a codec string
+        /// with a matching codec implementation a reader can use to decompress data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="codecMetaString">The codec string</param>
+        public delegate Codec CodecResolver(string codecMetaString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The codec resolvers
+        /// </summary>
+        private static readonly List<CodecResolver> _codecResolvers = new List<CodecResolver>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Registers a function that will attempt to resolve a codec identifying string
+        /// with a matching codec implementation when reading compressed Avro data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="resolver">A function that is able to find a codec implementation for a given codec string</param>
+        public static void RegisterResolver(CodecResolver resolver)
+        {
+            _codecResolvers.Add(resolver);
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Factory method to return child
-        /// codec instance based on Codec.Type
+        /// Factory method to return child codec instance based on Codec.Type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="codecType">Type of the codec.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Codec based on type.
+        /// </returns>
         public static Codec CreateCodec(Type codecType)
         {
             switch (codecType)
             {
                 case Type.Deflate:
                     return new DeflateCodec();
-                default:
+                case Type.Null:
                     return new NullCodec();
+                case Type.Snappy:
+                case Type.BZip2:
+                case Type.XZ:
+                case Type.Zstandard:
+                    {
+                        // Create codec dynamically from "Avro.File.CODECNAME" assembly
+                        Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load($"Avro.File.{codecType}");
+                        return assembly.CreateInstance($"Avro.File.{codecType}.{codecType}Codec") as Codec;
+                    }
             }
+
+            throw new AvroRuntimeException($"Unrecognized codec: {codecType}");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Factory method to return child
-        /// codec instance based on string type
+        /// Factory method to return child codec instance based on string type.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="codecType">Type of the codec.</param>
+        /// <returns>Codec based on type.</returns>
         public static Codec CreateCodecFromString(string codecType)
         {
+            if (codecType == null)
+            {
+                // If codec is absent, it is assumed to be "null"
+                // https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html
+                return CreateCodec(Type.Null);
+            }
+
+            foreach (var resolver in _codecResolvers)
+            {
+                var candidateCodec = resolver(codecType);
+                if (candidateCodec != null)
+                {
+                    return candidateCodec;
+                }
+            }
+
             switch (codecType)
             {
                 case DataFileConstants.DeflateCodec:
-                    return new DeflateCodec();
-                default:
-                    return new NullCodec();
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.Deflate);
+                case DataFileConstants.NullCodec:
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.Null);
+                case DataFileConstants.SnappyCodec:
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.Snappy);
+                case DataFileConstants.BZip2Codec:
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.BZip2);
+                case DataFileConstants.XZCodec:
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.XZ);
+                case DataFileConstants.ZstandardCodec:
+                    return CreateCodec(Type.Zstandard);
             }
+
+            throw new AvroRuntimeException($"Unrecognized codec: {codecType}");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns name of codec
+        /// Returns name of codec.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="string" /> that represents this instance.
+        /// </returns>
         public override string ToString()
         {
             return GetName();
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataBlock.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataBlock.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fd85e7bb15..00000000000
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataBlock.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-using System;
-using System.IO;
-
-namespace Avro.File
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Encapsulates a block of data read by the <see cref="DataFileReader{T}"/>.
-    /// We will remove this class from the public API in a future version because it is only meant
-    /// to be used internally.
-    /// </summary>
-    [Obsolete("This will be removed from the public API in a future version.")]
-    public class DataBlock
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Raw bytes within this block.
-        /// </summary>
-        public byte[] Data { get;  set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Number of entries in this block.
-        /// </summary>
-        public long NumberOfEntries { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Size of this block in bytes.
-        /// </summary>
-        public long BlockSize { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DataBlock"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="numberOfEntries">Number of entries in this block.</param>
-        /// <param name="blockSize">Size of this block in bytes.</param>
-        public DataBlock(long numberOfEntries, long blockSize)
-        {
-            NumberOfEntries = numberOfEntries;
-            BlockSize = blockSize;
-            Data = new byte[blockSize];
-        }
-
-        internal Stream GetDataAsStream()
-        {
-            return new MemoryStream(Data);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileConstants.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileConstants.cs
index 27b034e7ac2..438caeca0e4 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileConstants.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileConstants.cs
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ namespace Avro.File
     /// <summary>
     /// Constants used in data files.
     /// </summary>
-    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Design",
-        "CA1052:Static holder types should be Static or NotInheritable",
-        Justification = "Maintain public API")]
     public class DataFileConstants
     {
         /// <summary>
@@ -51,6 +48,26 @@ public class DataFileConstants
         /// </summary>
         public const string DeflateCodec = "deflate";
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifier for the Snappy codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string SnappyCodec = "snappy";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifier for the BZip2 codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string BZip2Codec = "bzip2";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifier for the XZ codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string XZCodec = "xz";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifier for the Zstandard codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string ZstandardCodec = "zstandard";
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reserved 'avro' metadata key.
         /// </summary>
@@ -64,10 +81,13 @@ public class DataFileConstants
         /// <summary>
         /// Magic bytes at the beginning of an Avro data file.
         /// </summary>
-        public static byte[] Magic = { (byte)'O',
-                                       (byte)'b',
-                                       (byte)'j',
-                                       Version };
+        public static readonly byte[] Magic =
+        {
+            (byte)'O',
+            (byte)'b',
+            (byte)'j',
+            Version,
+        };
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Hash code for the null codec.
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileReader.cs
index f065dbb9fa7..dff13e05885 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileReader.cs
@@ -27,18 +27,21 @@
 namespace Avro.File
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Provides access to Avro data written using the <see cref="DataFileWriter{T}"/>.
+    /// Provides access to Avro data written using the <see cref="DataFileWriter{T}" />.
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="T">Type to deserialze data objects to.</typeparam>
+    /// <seealso cref="IFileReader&lt;T&gt;" />
     public class DataFileReader<T> : IFileReader<T>
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Defines the signature for a function that returns a new <see cref="DatumReader{T}"/>
+        /// Defines the signature for a function that returns a new <see cref="DatumReader{T}" />
         /// given a writer and reader schema.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">Schema used to write the datum.</param>
         /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the datum.</param>
-        /// <returns>A datum reader.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A datum reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public delegate DatumReader<T> CreateDatumReader(Schema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema);
 
         private DatumReader<T> _reader;
@@ -52,101 +55,124 @@ public class DataFileReader<T> : IFileReader<T>
         private byte[] _syncBuffer;
         private long _blockStart;
         private Stream _stream;
-        private bool _leaveOpen;
-        private Schema _readerSchema;
+        private readonly bool _leaveOpen;
+        private readonly Schema _readerSchema;
         private readonly CreateDatumReader _datumReaderFactory;
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a file using path
+        /// Open a reader for a file using path.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="path"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// File Reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(string path)
         {
             return OpenReader(new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open), null);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a file using path and the reader's schema
+        /// Open a reader for a file using path and the reader's schema.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="path">Path to the file</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read data from the file</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file reader</returns>
+        /// <param name="path">Path to the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read data from the file.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(string path, Schema readerSchema)
         {
             return OpenReader(new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open), readerSchema);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a stream
+        /// Open a reader for a stream.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream"></param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">The in stream.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// File Reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream)
         {
             return OpenReader(inStream, null);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a stream
+        /// Open a reader for a stream.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream"></param>
-        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object</param>
-        /// <returns></returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">The in stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// File Reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             return OpenReader(inStream, null, leaveOpen);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema
+        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream">Stream containing the file contents</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file reader</returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">Stream containing the file contents.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream, Schema readerSchema)
         {
             return OpenReader(inStream, readerSchema, CreateDefaultReader);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema
+        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream">Stream containing the file contents</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file</param>
-        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file reader</returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">Stream containing the file contents.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream, Schema readerSchema, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             return OpenReader(inStream, readerSchema, CreateDefaultReader, leaveOpen);
         }
-       
+
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema and a custom DatumReader
+        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema and a custom DatumReader.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream">Stream of file contents</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file</param>
-        /// <param name="datumReaderFactory">Factory to create datum readers given a reader an writer schema</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file reader</returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">Stream of file contents.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="datumReaderFactory">Factory to create datum readers given a reader an writer schema.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream, Schema readerSchema, CreateDatumReader datumReaderFactory)
         {
             return new DataFileReader<T>(inStream, readerSchema, datumReaderFactory, false);         // (not supporting 1.2 or below, format)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        ///  Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema and a custom DatumReader
+        /// Open a reader for a stream using the reader's schema and a custom DatumReader.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="inStream">Stream of file contents</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file</param>
-        /// <param name="datumReaderFactory">Factory to create datum readers given a reader an writer schema</param>
-        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file reader</returns>
+        /// <param name="inStream">Stream of file contents.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema used to read the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="datumReaderFactory">Factory to create datum readers given a reader an writer schema.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file reader.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileReader<T> OpenReader(Stream inStream, Schema readerSchema, CreateDatumReader datumReaderFactory, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             return new DataFileReader<T>(inStream, readerSchema, datumReaderFactory, leaveOpen);         // (not supporting 1.2 or below, format)
         }
 
-        DataFileReader(Stream stream, Schema readerSchema, CreateDatumReader datumReaderFactory, bool leaveOpen)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DataFileReader{T}"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">The reader schema.</param>
+        /// <param name="datumReaderFactory">The datum reader factory.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">if set to <c>true</c> [leave open].</param>
+        private DataFileReader(Stream stream, Schema readerSchema, CreateDatumReader datumReaderFactory, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             _readerSchema = readerSchema;
             _datumReaderFactory = datumReaderFactory;
@@ -228,6 +254,7 @@ public void Seek(long position)
         public void Sync(long position)
         {
             Seek(position);
+
             // work around an issue where 1.5.4 C stored sync in metadata
             if ((position == 0) && (GetMeta(DataFileConstants.MetaDataSync) != null))
             {
@@ -307,7 +334,7 @@ public bool HasNext()
                     if (HasNextBlock())
                     {
                         _currentBlock = NextRawBlock(_currentBlock);
-                        _currentBlock.Data = _codec.Decompress(_currentBlock.Data);
+                        _currentBlock.Data = _codec.Decompress(_currentBlock.Data, (int)_blockSize);
                         _datumDecoder = new BinaryDecoder(_currentBlock.GetDataAsStream());
                     }
                 }
@@ -350,6 +377,15 @@ protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
                 _stream.Dispose();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes the specified stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">
+        /// Not a valid data file!
+        /// or
+        /// Not a valid data file!.
+        /// </exception>
         private void Init(Stream stream)
         {
             _stream = stream;
@@ -394,6 +430,14 @@ private void Init(Stream stream)
             _codec = ResolveCodec();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates the default reader.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="writerSchema">The writer schema.</param>
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">The reader schema.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Datum Reader.
+        /// </returns>
         private static DatumReader<T> CreateDefaultReader(Schema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema)
         {
             DatumReader<T> reader = null;
@@ -410,9 +454,21 @@ private static DatumReader<T> CreateDefaultReader(Schema writerSchema, Schema re
             return reader;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resolves the codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Resolved codec.
+        /// </returns>
         private Codec ResolveCodec()
         {
-            return Codec.CreateCodecFromString(GetMetaString(DataFileConstants.MetaDataCodec));
+            string codec = GetMetaString(DataFileConstants.MetaDataCodec);
+
+            // If codec is absent, it is assumed to be "null"
+            if (codec == null)
+                return Codec.CreateCodec(Codec.Type.Null);
+
+            return Codec.CreateCodecFromString(codec);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -421,6 +477,15 @@ public T Next()
             return Next(default(T));
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads the next datum from the file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="reuse">The reuse.</param>
+        /// <returns>Next deserialized data entry.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">No more datum objects remaining in block!
+        /// or
+        /// Error fetching next object from block: {0}.
+        /// </exception>
         private T Next(T reuse)
         {
             try
@@ -442,12 +507,25 @@ private T Next(T reuse)
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends the stream for the block.
+        /// </summary>
         private void BlockFinished()
         {
             if (_stream.CanSeek)
                 _blockStart = _stream.Position;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads the Next block from the file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="reuse">The reuse.</param>
+        /// <returns>Data Block.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">
+        /// No data remaining in block!
+        /// or
+        /// Invalid sync!.
+        /// </exception>
         private DataBlock NextRawBlock(DataBlock reuse)
         {
             if (!HasNextBlock())
@@ -473,6 +551,10 @@ private DataBlock NextRawBlock(DataBlock reuse)
             return reuse;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluates if there is data left in the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if there is data left in the stream, otherwise false.</returns>
         private bool DataLeft()
         {
             long currentPosition = _stream.Position;
@@ -484,6 +566,17 @@ private bool DataLeft()
             return true;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether [has next block].
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if [has next block]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">
+        /// Block size invalid or too large for this implementation: " + _blockSize
+        /// or
+        /// Error ascertaining if data has next block: {0}.
+        /// </exception>
         private bool HasNextBlock()
         {
             try
@@ -508,14 +601,14 @@ private bool HasNextBlock()
                     {
                         _blockRemaining = _decoder.ReadLong();      // read block count
                     }
-                    catch(AvroException)
+                    catch (AvroException)
                     {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
 
                 _blockSize = _decoder.ReadLong();           // read block size
-                if (_blockSize > System.Int32.MaxValue || _blockSize < 0)
+                if (_blockSize > int.MaxValue || _blockSize < 0)
                 {
                     throw new AvroRuntimeException("Block size invalid or too large for this " +
                                                    "implementation: " + _blockSize);
@@ -531,27 +624,37 @@ private bool HasNextBlock()
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Encapsulates a block of data read by the <see cref="DataFileReader{T}"/>.
+        /// Encapsulates a block of data read by the <see cref="DataFileReader{T}" />.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <seealso cref="IFileReader&lt;T&gt;" />
         private class DataBlock
         {
             /// <summary>
-            /// Raw bytes within this block.
+            /// Gets or sets raw bytes within this block.
             /// </summary>
-            public byte[] Data { get;  set; }
+            /// <value>
+            /// The data.
+            /// </value>
+            public byte[] Data { get; set; }
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Number of entries in this block.
+            /// Gets or sets number of entries in this block.
             /// </summary>
+            /// <value>
+            /// The number of entries.
+            /// </value>
             public long NumberOfEntries { get; set; }
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Size of this block in bytes.
+            /// Gets or sets size of this block in bytes.
             /// </summary>
+            /// <value>
+            /// The size of the block.
+            /// </value>
             public long BlockSize { get; set; }
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DataBlock"/> class.
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DataBlock" /> class.
             /// </summary>
             /// <param name="numberOfEntries">Number of entries in this block.</param>
             /// <param name="blockSize">Size of this block in bytes.</param>
@@ -562,6 +665,10 @@ public DataBlock(long numberOfEntries, long blockSize)
                 Data = new byte[blockSize];
             }
 
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Gets the data as stream.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <returns>A stream.</returns>
             internal Stream GetDataAsStream()
             {
                 return new MemoryStream(Data);
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileWriter.cs
index 2a1dd7125de..82ac3a9da8b 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DataFileWriter.cs
@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ namespace Avro.File
     /// <summary>
     /// Stores in a file a sequence of data conforming to a schema. The schema is stored in the file
     /// with the data. Each datum in a file is of the same schema. Data is written with a
-    /// <see cref="DatumWriter{T}"/>. Data is grouped into blocks. A synchronization marker is
+    /// <see cref="DatumWriter{T}" />. Data is grouped into blocks. A synchronization marker is
     /// written between blocks, so that files may be split. Blocks may be compressed. Extensible
     /// metadata is stored at the end of the file. Files may be appended to.
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="T">Type of datum to write to the file.</typeparam>
+    /// <seealso cref="IFileWriter&lt;T&gt;" />
     public class DataFileWriter<T> : IFileWriter<T>
     {
         private Schema _schema;
@@ -56,7 +57,9 @@ public class DataFileWriter<T> : IFileWriter<T>
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="path">Path to the file.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path)
         {
             return OpenWriter(writer, new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create), Codec.CreateCodec(Codec.Type.Null));
@@ -68,7 +71,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path)
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="outStream">Stream to write to.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream)
         {
             return OpenWriter(writer, outStream, Codec.CreateCodec(Codec.Type.Null));
@@ -81,7 +86,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream)
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="outStream">Stream to write to.</param>
         /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             return OpenWriter(writer, outStream, Codec.CreateCodec(Codec.Type.Null), leaveOpen);
@@ -94,7 +101,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream,
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="path">Path to the file.</param>
         /// <param name="codec">Codec to use when writing.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path, Codec codec)
         {
             return OpenWriter(writer, new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create), codec);
@@ -107,7 +116,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path, Code
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="outStream">Stream to write to.</param>
         /// <param name="codec">Codec to use when writing.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream, Codec codec)
         {
             return new DataFileWriter<T>(writer).Create(writer.Schema, outStream, codec, false);
@@ -121,7 +132,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream,
         /// <param name="outStream">Stream to write to.</param>
         /// <param name="codec">Codec to use when writing.</param>
         /// <param name="leaveOpen">Leave the stream open after disposing the object</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream, Codec codec, bool leaveOpen)
         {
             return new DataFileWriter<T>(writer).Create(writer.Schema, outStream, codec, leaveOpen);
@@ -132,7 +145,9 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream outStream,
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="path">Path to the file.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenAppendWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path)
         {
             return new DataFileWriter<T>(writer).AppendTo(path);
@@ -145,7 +160,14 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenAppendWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, string path
         /// <param name="writer">Datum writer to use.</param>
         /// <param name="inStream">reading the existing file.</param>
         /// <param name="outStream">stream to write to, positioned at the end of the existing file.</param>
-        /// <returns>A new file writer.</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A new file writer.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">
+        /// {nameof(inStream)} must have Read access
+        /// or
+        /// {nameof(outStream)} must have Write access
+        /// </exception>
         public static IFileWriter<T> OpenAppendWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream inStream, Stream outStream)
         {
             if (!inStream.CanRead)
@@ -161,6 +183,10 @@ public static IFileWriter<T> OpenAppendWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer, Stream inSt
             return new DataFileWriter<T>(writer).AppendTo(inStream, outStream);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DataFileWriter{T}"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="writer">The writer.</param>
         private DataFileWriter(DatumWriter<T> writer)
         {
             _writer = writer;
@@ -240,6 +266,11 @@ public void Append(T datum)
             WriteIfBlockFull();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Appends to file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path.</param>
+        /// <returns>a file writer</returns>
         private IFileWriter<T> AppendTo(string path)
         {
             using (var inStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite))
@@ -252,6 +283,12 @@ private IFileWriter<T> AppendTo(string path)
             // of this writer.
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Appends to stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="inStream">The in stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="outStream">The out stream.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
         private IFileWriter<T> AppendTo(Stream inStream, Stream outStream)
         {
             using (var dataFileReader = DataFileReader<T>.OpenReader(inStream))
@@ -281,6 +318,9 @@ private IFileWriter<T> AppendTo(Stream inStream, Stream outStream)
             return this;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures the header.
+        /// </summary>
         private void EnsureHeader()
         {
             if (!_headerWritten)
@@ -304,6 +344,9 @@ public long Sync()
             return _stream.Position;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Synchronizes the internal.
+        /// </summary>
         private void SyncInternal()
         {
             AssertOpen();
@@ -323,6 +366,9 @@ public void Close()
             _isOpen = false;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the header.
+        /// </summary>
         private void WriteHeader()
         {
             _encoder.WriteFixed(DataFileConstants.Magic);
@@ -330,6 +376,9 @@ private void WriteHeader()
             WriteSyncData();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes this instance.
+        /// </summary>
         private void Init()
         {
             _blockCount = 0;
@@ -344,6 +393,10 @@ private void Init()
             _isOpen = true;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asserts the open.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroRuntimeException">Cannot complete operation: avro file/stream not open</exception>
         private void AssertOpen()
         {
             if (!_isOpen) throw new AvroRuntimeException("Cannot complete operation: avro file/stream not open");
@@ -362,6 +415,9 @@ private IFileWriter<T> Create(Schema schema, Stream outStream, Codec codec, bool
             return this;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the meta data.
+        /// </summary>
         private void WriteMetaData()
         {
             // Add sync, code & schema to metadata
@@ -382,17 +438,29 @@ private void WriteMetaData()
             _encoder.WriteMapEnd();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes if block full.
+        /// </summary>
         private void WriteIfBlockFull()
         {
             if (BufferInUse() >= _syncInterval)
                 WriteBlock();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Buffers the in use.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Position of block stream
+        /// </returns>
         private long BufferInUse()
         {
             return _blockStream.Position;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the block.
+        /// </summary>
         private void WriteBlock()
         {
             if (_blockCount > 0)
@@ -413,11 +481,17 @@ private void WriteBlock()
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the synchronize data.
+        /// </summary>
         private void WriteSyncData()
         {
             _encoder.WriteFixed(_syncData);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates the synchronize data.
+        /// </summary>
         private void GenerateSyncData()
         {
             _syncData = new byte[16];
@@ -426,11 +500,21 @@ private void GenerateSyncData()
             random.NextBytes(_syncData);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the meta internal.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The key.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
         private void SetMetaInternal(string key, byte[] value)
         {
             _metaData.Add(key, value);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the byte value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
+        /// <returns>byte array of string value</returns>
         private byte[] GetByteValue(string value)
         {
             return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DeflateCodec.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DeflateCodec.cs
index 1a4d9a6cbc3..0ce37adb092 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DeflateCodec.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/DeflateCodec.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ namespace Avro.File
     /// <summary>
     /// Implements deflate compression and decompression.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <seealso cref="DeflateStream"/>
+    /// <seealso cref="Codec" />
+    /// <seealso cref="DeflateStream" />
     public class DeflateCodec : Codec
     {
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
             {
                 Compress.Write(uncompressedData, 0, uncompressedData.Length);
             }
+
             return outStream.ToArray();
         }
 
@@ -54,27 +56,16 @@ public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStrea
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData)
-        {
-            MemoryStream inStream = new MemoryStream(compressedData);
-            MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream();
-
-            using (DeflateStream Decompress =
-                        new DeflateStream(inStream,
-                        CompressionMode.Decompress))
-            {
-                CopyTo(Decompress, outStream);
-            }
-            return outStream.ToArray();
-        }
-
-        private static void CopyTo(Stream from, Stream to)
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int length)
         {
-            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
-            int read;
-            while((read = from.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
+            using (MemoryStream inStream = new MemoryStream(compressedData, 0, length))
+            using (MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream())
             {
-                to.Write(buffer, 0, read);
+                using (DeflateStream decompress = new DeflateStream(inStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
+                {
+                    decompress.CopyTo(outStream);
+                }
+                return outStream.ToArray();
             }
         }
 
@@ -87,9 +78,7 @@ public override string GetName()
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override bool Equals(object other)
         {
-            if (this == other)
-                return true;
-            return this.GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Header.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Header.cs
index 1ad22168ead..5cdcfd3717a 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Header.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/Header.cs
@@ -25,22 +25,33 @@ namespace Avro.File
     public class Header
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Metadata in this header.
+        /// Gets the metadata in this header.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The metadata.
+        /// </value>
         public IDictionary<string, byte[]> MetaData { get; }
 
+
         /// <summary>
-        /// Sync token.
+        /// Gets the synchronize token.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The synchronize token.
+        /// </value>
         public byte[] SyncData { get; }
 
+
         /// <summary>
-        /// Avro schema.
+        /// Gets or sets the schema.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The schema.
+        /// </value>
         public Schema Schema { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Header"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Header" /> class.
         /// </summary>
         public Header()
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/IFileReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/IFileReader.cs
index a4defd2a1e3..c482f7752da 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/IFileReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/IFileReader.cs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public interface IFileReader<T> : IDisposable
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="position">Position to test.</param>
         /// <returns>
-        /// True if pasth the next synchronization point after <paramref name="position"/>, false
+        /// True if path the next synchronization point after <paramref name="position"/>, false
         /// otherwise.
         /// </returns>
         bool PastSync(long position);
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/NullCodec.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/NullCodec.cs
index 12559411315..295d33ae3d7 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/NullCodec.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/File/NullCodec.cs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace Avro.File
     public class NullCodec : Codec
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="NullCodec"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="NullCodec" /> class.
         /// </summary>
         public NullCodec() { }
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStrea
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData)
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int length)
         {
             return compressedData;
         }
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@ public override string GetName()
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override bool Equals(object other)
         {
-            if (this == other)
-                return true;
-            return this.GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
+            return this == other || GetType().Name == other.GetType().Name;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/DatumWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/DatumWriter.cs
index be6836537a2..0b732d9d760 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/DatumWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/DatumWriter.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 using Avro.IO;
 
 namespace Avro.Generic
@@ -23,8 +24,6 @@ namespace Avro.Generic
     /// Defines the interface for an object that writes data of a schema.
     /// </summary>
     /// <typeparam name="T">Type of the in-memory data representation.</typeparam>
-    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Naming",
-        "CA1715:Identifiers should have correct prefix", Justification = "Maintain public API")]
     public interface DatumWriter<T>
     {
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericDatumReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericDatumReader.cs
index 76a95b94ead..1ec126b3aa4 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericDatumReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericDatumReader.cs
@@ -98,16 +98,16 @@ public GenericEnumAccess(EnumSchema schema)
 
             public object CreateEnum(object reuse, int ordinal)
             {
-                if (reuse is GenericEnum)
+                if (reuse is GenericEnum ge)
                 {
-                    var ge = (GenericEnum) reuse;
-                    if (ge.Schema.Equals(this.schema))
+                    if (ge.Schema.Equals(schema))
                     {
-                        ge.Value = this.schema[ordinal];
+                        ge.Value = schema[ordinal];
                         return ge;
                     }
                 }
-                return new GenericEnum(this.schema, this.schema[ordinal]);
+
+                return new GenericEnum(schema, schema[ordinal]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -204,12 +204,12 @@ class GenericMapAccess : MapAccess
         {
             public object Create(object reuse)
             {
-                if (reuse is IDictionary<string, object>)
+                if (reuse is IDictionary<string, object> result)
                 {
-                    var result = (IDictionary<string, object>)reuse;
                     result.Clear();
                     return result;
                 }
+
                 return new Dictionary<string, object>();
             }
 
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericEnum.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericEnum.cs
index 168b5552e77..27bba94ce15 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericEnum.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericEnum.cs
@@ -28,29 +28,30 @@ public class GenericEnum
         /// </summary>
         public EnumSchema Schema { get; private set; }
 
-        private string value;
+        private string _value;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Value of the enum.
         /// </summary>
-        public string Value {
-            get { return value; }
+        public string Value
+        {
+            get { return _value; }
             set
             {
                 if (!Schema.Contains(value))
                 {
                     if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Schema.Default))
                     {
-                        this.value = Schema.Default;
+                        _value = Schema.Default;
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        throw new AvroException("Unknown value for enum: " + value + "(" + Schema + ")");
+                        throw new AvroException($"Unknown value for enum: {value}({Schema})");
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    this.value = value;
+                    _value = value;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -62,31 +63,33 @@ public string Value {
         /// <param name="value">Value of the enum.</param>
         public GenericEnum(EnumSchema schema, string value)
         {
-            this.Schema = schema;
-            this.Value = value;
+            Schema = schema;
+            Value = value;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override bool Equals(object obj)
         {
-            if (obj == this) return true;
-            return (obj != null && obj is GenericEnum)
-                ? Value.Equals((obj as GenericEnum).Value, System.StringComparison.Ordinal)
-                : false;
+            if (obj == this)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return obj != null
+                && obj.GetType() == typeof(GenericEnum)
+                && Value.Equals(((GenericEnum)obj).Value, System.StringComparison.Ordinal);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             return 17 * Value.GetHashCode();
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override string ToString()
         {
-            return "Schema: " + Schema + ", value: " + Value;
+            return $"Schema: {Schema}, value: {Value}";
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericReader.cs
index f42e572d010..0b945b9ff5e 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericReader.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Avro.IO;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Avro.Generic
 {
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ public GenericReader(DefaultReader reader)
         /// Reads an object off the stream.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">
-        /// If not null, the implemenation will try to use to return the object
+        /// If not null, the implementation will try to use to return the object
         /// </param>
         /// <param name="d">Decoder to read from.</param>
         /// <returns>Object we read from the decoder.</returns>
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public T Read(T reuse, Decoder d)
     /// <summary>
     /// The default implementation for the generic reader. It constructs new .NET objects for avro objects on the
     /// stream and returns the .NET object. Users can directly use this class or, if they want to customize the
-    /// object types for differnt Avro schema types, can derive from this class. There are enough hooks in this
+    /// object types for different Avro schema types, can derive from this class. There are enough hooks in this
     /// class to allow customization.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ public class DefaultReader
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructs the default reader for the given schemas using the DefaultReader. If the
         /// reader's and writer's schemas are different this class performs the resolution.
-        /// This default implemenation maps Avro types to .NET types as follows:
+        /// This default implementation maps Avro types to .NET types as follows:
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The schema used while generating the data</param>
         /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema desired by the reader</param>
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@ public DefaultReader(Schema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema)
         {
             this.ReaderSchema = readerSchema;
             this.WriterSchema = writerSchema;
+            if (!ReaderSchema.CanRead(WriterSchema))
+                throw new AvroException("Schema mismatch. Reader: " + ReaderSchema + ", writer: " + WriterSchema);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -129,14 +132,11 @@ public DefaultReader(Schema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema)
         /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object to read. A single schema typically returns an object of a single .NET class.
         /// The only exception is UnionSchema, which can return a object of different types based on the branch selected.
         /// </typeparam>
-        /// <param name="reuse">If not null, the implemenation will try to use to return the object</param>
+        /// <param name="reuse">If not null, the implementation will try to use to return the object</param>
         /// <param name="decoder">The decoder for deserialization</param>
         /// <returns>Object read from the decoder.</returns>
         public T Read<T>(T reuse, Decoder decoder)
         {
-            if (!ReaderSchema.CanRead(WriterSchema))
-                throw new AvroException("Schema mismatch. Reader: " + ReaderSchema + ", writer: " + WriterSchema);
-
             return (T)Read(reuse, WriterSchema, ReaderSchema, decoder);
         }
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public T Read<T>(T reuse, Decoder decoder)
         /// Reads an object off the stream.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">
-        /// If not null, the implemenation will try to use to return the object.
+        /// If not null, the implementation will try to use to return the object.
         /// </param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">Schema used to write the data.</param>
         /// <param name="readerSchema">Schema to use when reading the data.</param>
@@ -291,21 +291,21 @@ protected virtual object ReadRecord(object reuse, RecordSchema writerSchema, Sch
                 }
             }
 
-            var defaultStream = new MemoryStream();
-            var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
-            var defaultDecoder = new BinaryDecoder(defaultStream);
-            foreach (Field rf in rs)
+            using (var defaultStream = new MemoryStream())
             {
-                if (writerSchema.Contains(rf.Name)) continue;
-
-                defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
-                Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
-                defaultStream.Flush();
-                defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for reading
-
-                object obj = null;
-                TryGetField(rec, rf.Name, rf.Pos, out obj);
-                AddField(rec, rf.Name, rf.Pos, Read(obj, rf.Schema, rf.Schema, defaultDecoder));
+                var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
+                var defaultDecoder = new BinaryDecoder(defaultStream);
+                foreach (Field rf in rs.Fields.Where(rf => !writerSchema.Contains(rf.Name)))
+                {
+                    defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
+                    Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
+                    defaultStream.Flush();
+                    defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for reading
+
+                    object obj = null;
+                    TryGetField(rec, rf.Name, rf.Pos, out obj);
+                    AddField(rec, rf.Name, rf.Pos, Read(obj, rf.Schema, rf.Schema, defaultDecoder));
+                }
             }
 
             return rec;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ protected virtual void AddField(object record, string fieldName, int fieldPos, o
         /// <summary>
         /// Deserializes a enum. Uses CreateEnum to construct the new enum object.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="reuse">If appropirate, uses this instead of creating a new enum object.</param>
+        /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this instead of creating a new enum object.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The schema the writer used while writing the enum</param>
         /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema the reader is using</param>
         /// <param name="d">The decoder for deserialization.</param>
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ protected virtual object ReadEnum(object reuse, EnumSchema writerSchema, Schema
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, use this enum object instead of a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="es">The enum schema used by the reader.</param>
         /// <param name="symbol">The symbol that needs to be used.</param>
-        /// <returns>The default implemenation returns a GenericEnum.</returns>
+        /// <returns>The default implementation returns a GenericEnum.</returns>
         protected virtual object CreateEnum(object reuse, EnumSchema es, string symbol)
         {
             if (reuse is GenericEnum)
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ protected virtual object CreateArray(object reuse, ArraySchema rs)
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the size of the given array object.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
         /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
         /// <returns>The size of the array</returns>
         protected virtual int GetArraySize(object array)
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ protected virtual int GetArraySize(object array)
         /// <summary>
         /// Resizes the array to the new value.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
         /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
         /// <param name="n">The new size.</param>
         protected virtual void ResizeArray(ref object array, int n)
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ protected virtual void ResizeArray(ref object array, int n)
         /// <summary>
         /// Assigns a new value to the object at the given index
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
         /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
         /// <param name="index">The index to reassign to.</param>
         /// <param name="value">The value to assign.</param>
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ protected virtual void SetArrayElement(object array, int index, object value)
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the element at the given index.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+        /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
         /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
         /// <param name="index">The index to look into.</param>
         /// <returns>The object the given index. Null if no object has been assigned to that index.</returns>
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ protected virtual object GetArrayElement(object array, int index)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Deserialized an avro map. The default implemenation creats a new map using CreateMap() and then
+        /// Deserialized an avro map. The default implementation creates a new map using CreateMap() and then
         /// adds elements to the map using AddMapEntry().
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, use this instead of creating a new map object.</param>
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ protected virtual object ReadMap(object reuse, MapSchema writerSchema, Schema re
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Used by the default implementation of ReadMap() to create a fresh map object. The default
-        /// implementaion of this method returns a IDictionary&lt;string, map&gt;.
+        /// implementation of this method returns a IDictionary&lt;string, map&gt;.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, use this map object instead of creating a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="ms">Map schema to use when creating the object.</param>
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ protected virtual void AddMapEntry(object map, string key, object value)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Deserialized an object based on the writer's uninon schema.
+        /// Deserialized an object based on the writer's union schema.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this object instead of creating a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The UnionSchema that the writer used.</param>
@@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ protected virtual object ReadLogical(object reuse, LogicalSchema writerSchema, S
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this object instead of creating a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The FixedSchema the writer used during serialization.</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the readr uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the reader uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
         /// size as the writerSchema.</param>
         /// <param name="d">The decoder for deserialization.</param>
-        /// <returns>The deserilized object.</returns>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object.</returns>
         protected virtual object ReadFixed(object reuse, FixedSchema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema, Decoder d)
         {
             FixedSchema rs = (FixedSchema)readerSchema;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericWriter.cs
index 79ff3b20867..b29cb68bfbc 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/GenericWriter.cs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public void Write(T value, Encoder encoder)
     /// A General purpose writer for serializing objects into a Stream using
     /// Avro. This class implements a default way of serializing objects. But
     /// one can derive a class from this and override different methods to
-    /// acheive results that are different from the default implementation.
+    /// achieve results that are different from the default implementation.
     /// </summary>
     public class DefaultWriter
     {
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ public virtual void Write(Schema schema, object value, Encoder encoder)
         protected virtual void WriteNull(object value, Encoder encoder)
         {
             if (value != null) throw TypeMismatch(value, "null", "null");
+            encoder.WriteNull();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ protected virtual object GetField(object value, string fieldName, int fieldPos)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Serializes an enumeration. The default implementation expectes the value to be string whose
+        /// Serializes an enumeration. The default implementation expects the value to be string whose
         /// value is the name of the enumeration.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="es">The EnumSchema for serialization</param>
@@ -293,8 +294,8 @@ protected virtual void EnsureArrayObject(object value)
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the length of an array. The default implementation requires the object
-        /// to be an array of objects and returns its length. The defaul implementation
-        /// gurantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
+        /// to be an array of objects and returns its length. The default implementation
+        /// guarantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
         /// function is called.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The object whose array length is required</param>
@@ -306,8 +307,8 @@ protected virtual long GetArrayLength(object value)
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the element at the given index from the given array object. The default implementation
-        /// requires that the value is an object array and returns the element in that array. The defaul implementation
-        /// gurantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
+        /// requires that the value is an object array and returns the element in that array. The default implementation
+        /// guarantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
         /// function is called.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The array object</param>
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ protected virtual void EnsureMapObject(object value)
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Returns the size of the map object. The default implementation gurantees that EnsureMapObject has been
+        /// Returns the size of the map object. The default implementation guarantees that EnsureMapObject has been
         /// successfully called with the given value. The default implementation requires the value
         /// to be an IDictionary&lt;string, object&gt; and returns the number of elements in it.
         /// </summary>
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ protected virtual long GetMapSize(object value)
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the contents of the given map object. The default implementation guarantees that EnsureMapObject
-        /// has been called with the given value. The defualt implementation of this method requires that
+        /// has been called with the given value. The default implementation of this method requires that
         /// the value is an IDictionary&lt;string, object&gt; and returns its contents.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The map object whose size is desired</param>
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ protected virtual void WriteFixed(FixedSchema es, object value, Encoder encoder)
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new <see cref="AvroException"/> and uses the provided parameters to build an
-        /// exception message indicathing there was a type mismatch.
+        /// exception message indicating there was a type mismatch.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="obj">Object whose type does not the expected type</param>
         /// <param name="schemaType">Schema that we tried to write against</param>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumReader.cs
index a4b4aa832fb..53270faecdb 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumReader.cs
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ private ReadItem ResolveEnum(EnumSchema writerSchema, EnumSchema readerSchema)
             var readerDefaultOrdinal = null != readerSchema.Default ? readerSchema.Ordinal(readerSchema.Default) : -1;
 
             foreach (var symbol in writerSchema.Symbols)
-            { 
+            {
                 var writerOrdinal = writerSchema.Ordinal(symbol);
                 if (readerSchema.Contains(symbol))
                 {
@@ -274,27 +274,29 @@ private ReadItem ResolveRecord(RecordSchema writerSchema, RecordSchema readerSch
             {
                 if (writerSchema.Contains(rf.Name)) continue;
 
-                var defaultStream = new MemoryStream();
-                var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
+                using (var defaultStream = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
 
-                defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
-                Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
-                defaultStream.Flush();
-	            var defaultBytes = defaultStream.ToArray();
+                    defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
+                    Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
+                    defaultStream.Flush();
+                    var defaultBytes = defaultStream.ToArray();
 
-                var readItem = ResolveReader(rf.Schema, rf.Schema);
+                    var readItem = ResolveReader(rf.Schema, rf.Schema);
 
-                var rfInstance = rf;
-                if(IsReusable(rf.Schema.Tag))
-                {
-                    readSteps.Add((rec, d) => recordAccess.AddField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos,
-                        readItem(recordAccess.GetField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos),
-                            new BinaryDecoder(new MemoryStream( defaultBytes)))));
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    readSteps.Add((rec, d) => recordAccess.AddField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos,
-                        readItem(null, new BinaryDecoder(new MemoryStream(defaultBytes)))));
+                    var rfInstance = rf;
+                    if (IsReusable(rf.Schema.Tag))
+                    {
+                        readSteps.Add((rec, d) => recordAccess.AddField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos,
+                            readItem(recordAccess.GetField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos),
+                                new BinaryDecoder(new MemoryStream(defaultBytes)))));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        readSteps.Add((rec, d) => recordAccess.AddField(rec, rfInstance.Name, rfInstance.Pos,
+                            readItem(null, new BinaryDecoder(new MemoryStream(defaultBytes)))));
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -319,15 +321,14 @@ private ReadItem ResolveUnion(UnionSchema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema)
 
             for (int i = 0; i < writerSchema.Count; i++)
             {
-                var writerBranch = writerSchema[i];
+                Schema writerBranch = writerSchema[i];
 
-                if (readerSchema is UnionSchema)
+                if (readerSchema is UnionSchema unionReader)
                 {
-                    var unionReader = (UnionSchema) readerSchema;
-                    var readerBranch = unionReader.MatchingBranch(writerBranch);
+                    int readerBranch = unionReader.MatchingBranch(writerBranch);
                     if (readerBranch == -1)
                     {
-                        lookup[i] = (r, d) => { throw new AvroException( "No matching schema for " + writerBranch + " in " + unionReader ); };
+                        lookup[i] = (r, d) => { throw new AvroException("No matching schema for " + writerBranch + " in " + unionReader); };
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ private ReadItem ResolveUnion(UnionSchema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema)
                 {
                     if (!readerSchema.CanRead(writerBranch))
                     {
-                        lookup[i] = (r, d) => { throw new AvroException( "Schema mismatch Reader: " + ReaderSchema + ", writer: " + WriterSchema ); };
+                        lookup[i] = (r, d) => { throw new AvroException("Schema mismatch Reader: " + ReaderSchema + ", writer: " + WriterSchema); };
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ protected interface ArrayAccess
             /// Hint that the array should be able to handle at least targetSize elements. The array
             /// is not required to be resized
             /// </summary>
-            /// <param name="array">Array object who needs to support targetSize elements. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+            /// <param name="array">Array object who needs to support targetSize elements. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
             /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
             /// <param name="targetSize">The new size.</param>
             void EnsureSize(ref object array, int targetSize);
@@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ protected interface ArrayAccess
             /// <summary>
             /// Resizes the array to the new value.
             /// </summary>
-            /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be somthing returned by
+            /// <param name="array">Array object whose size is required. This is guaranteed to be something returned by
             /// a previous call to CreateArray().</param>
             /// <param name="targetSize">The new size.</param>
             void Resize(ref object array, int targetSize);
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumWriter.cs
index a90ac34349b..dd21f62ed80 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Generic/PreresolvingDatumWriter.cs
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ private WriteItem ResolveWriter( Schema schema )
         protected void WriteNull(object value, Encoder encoder)
         {
             if (value != null) throw TypeMismatch(value, "null", "null");
+            encoder.WriteNull();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ protected int ResolveUnion(UnionSchema us, Schema[] branchSchemas, object obj)
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new <see cref="AvroException"/> and uses the provided parameters to build an
-        /// exception message indicathing there was a type mismatch.
+        /// exception message indicating there was a type mismatch.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="obj">Object whose type does not the expected type</param>
         /// <param name="schemaType">Schema that we tried to write against</param>
@@ -383,8 +384,8 @@ protected interface ArrayAccess
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Returns the length of an array. The default implementation requires the object
-            /// to be an array of objects and returns its length. The defaul implementation
-            /// gurantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
+            /// to be an array of objects and returns its length. The default implementation
+            /// guarantees that EnsureArrayObject() has been called on the value before this
             /// function is called.
             /// </summary>
             /// <param name="value">The object whose array length is required</param>
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ protected interface MapAccess
             void EnsureMapObject(object value);
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Returns the size of the map object. The default implementation gurantees that EnsureMapObject has been
+            /// Returns the size of the map object. The default implementation guarantees that EnsureMapObject has been
             /// successfully called with the given value. The default implementation requires the value
             /// to be an IDictionary&lt;string, object&gt; and returns the number of elements in it.
             /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.netstandard2.0.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.netstandard2.0.cs
index 91afeb57e8e..a37d6fa6c84 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.netstandard2.0.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.netstandard2.0.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
 
 namespace Avro.IO
 {
@@ -24,10 +26,15 @@ namespace Avro.IO
     /// </content>
     public partial class BinaryDecoder
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// It is hard to find documentation about the real maximum array length in .NET Framework 4.6.1, but this seems to work :-/
+        /// </summary>
+        private const int MaxDotNetArrayLength = 0x3FFFFFFF;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// A float is written as 4 bytes.
         /// The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        /// Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        /// Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public float ReadFloat()
@@ -49,7 +56,7 @@ public float ReadFloat()
         /// <summary>
         /// A double is written as 8 bytes.
         /// The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        /// Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        /// Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns>A double value.</returns>
         public double ReadDouble()
@@ -72,10 +79,28 @@ public double ReadDouble()
         public string ReadString()
         {
             int length = ReadInt();
-            byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
-            //TODO: Fix this because it's lame;
-            ReadFixed(buffer);
-            return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
+
+            if (length < 0)
+            {
+                throw new AvroException("Can not deserialize a string with negative length!");
+            }
+
+            if (length > MaxDotNetArrayLength)
+            {
+                throw new AvroException("String length is not supported!");
+            }
+
+            using (var binaryReader = new BinaryReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8, true))
+            {
+                var bytes = binaryReader.ReadBytes(length);
+
+                if (bytes.Length != length)
+                {
+                    throw new AvroException("Could not read as many bytes from stream as expected!");
+                }
+
+                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
+            }
         }
 
         private void Read(byte[] buffer, int start, int len)
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.notnetstandard2.0.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.notnetstandard2.0.cs
index 17bd8415a96..c4a0dfaaf31 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.notnetstandard2.0.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryDecoder.notnetstandard2.0.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Text;
 
 namespace Avro.IO
@@ -28,11 +29,13 @@ namespace Avro.IO
     public partial class BinaryDecoder
     {
         private const int StackallocThreshold = 256;
+        private const int MaxFastReadLength = 4096;
+        private const int MaxDotNetArrayLength = 0x7FFFFFC7;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// A float is written as 4 bytes.
         /// The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        /// Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        /// Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public float ReadFloat()
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ public float ReadFloat()
         /// <summary>
         /// A double is written as 8 bytes.
         /// The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        /// Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        /// Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns>A double value.</returns>
         public double ReadDouble()
@@ -63,23 +66,54 @@ public double ReadDouble()
         /// <returns>String read from the stream.</returns>
         public string ReadString()
         {
-            byte[] bufferArray = null;
-
             int length = ReadInt();
-            Span<byte> buffer = length <= StackallocThreshold ?
-                stackalloc byte[length] :
-                (bufferArray = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(length)).AsSpan(0, length);
-
-            Read(buffer);
 
-            string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
+            if (length < 0)
+            {
+                throw new AvroException("Can not deserialize a string with negative length!");
+            }
 
-            if (bufferArray != null)
+            if (length <= MaxFastReadLength)
             {
-                ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(bufferArray);
+                byte[] bufferArray = null;
+
+                try
+                {
+                    Span<byte> buffer = length <= StackallocThreshold ?
+                        stackalloc byte[length] :
+                        (bufferArray = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(length)).AsSpan(0, length);
+
+                    Read(buffer);
+
+                    return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    if (bufferArray != null)
+                    {
+                        ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(bufferArray);
+                    }
+                }
             }
+            else
+            {
+                if (length > MaxDotNetArrayLength)
+                {
+                    throw new AvroException("String length is not supported!");
+                }
 
-            return result;
+                using (var binaryReader = new BinaryReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8, true))
+                {
+                    var bytes = binaryReader.ReadBytes(length);
+
+                    if (bytes.Length != length)
+                    {
+                        throw new AvroException("Could not read as many bytes from stream as expected!");
+                    }
+
+                    return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         private void Read(byte[] buffer, int start, int len)
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryEncoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryEncoder.cs
index 30100bf31d6..91eb0e5553b 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryEncoder.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/BinaryEncoder.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Avro.IO
     /// </summary>
     public class BinaryEncoder : Encoder
     {
-        private readonly Stream Stream;
+        private readonly Stream stream;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BinaryEncoder"/> class without a backing
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public BinaryEncoder() : this(null)
         /// <param name="stream">Stream to write to.</param>
         public BinaryEncoder(Stream stream)
         {
-            this.Stream = stream;
+            this.stream = stream;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public void WriteLong(long value)
         /// <summary>
         /// A float is written as 4 bytes.
         /// The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        /// Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        /// Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value"></param>
         public void WriteFloat(float value)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public void WriteFloat(float value)
         /// <summary>
         ///A double is written as 8 bytes.
         ///The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        ///Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        ///Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value"></param>
         public void WriteDouble(double value)
@@ -203,22 +203,22 @@ public void WriteFixed(byte[] data)
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public void WriteFixed(byte[] data, int start, int len)
         {
-            Stream.Write(data, start, len);
+            stream.Write(data, start, len);
         }
 
         private void writeBytes(byte[] bytes)
         {
-            Stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+            stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
         }
 
         private void writeBytes(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length)
         {
-            Stream.Write(bytes, offset, length);
+            stream.Write(bytes, offset, length);
         }
 
         private void writeByte(byte b)
         {
-            Stream.WriteByte(b);
+            stream.WriteByte(b);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ private void writeByte(byte b)
         /// </summary>
         public void Flush()
         {
-            Stream.Flush();
+            stream.Flush();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ByteBufferInputStream.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ByteBufferInputStream.cs
index b077bfd3f18..278bc59b76e 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ByteBufferInputStream.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ByteBufferInputStream.cs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ private MemoryStream GetNextNonEmptyBuffer()
         /// Throws a <see cref="NotSupportedException"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">
-        /// Always thows.
+        /// Always throws.
         /// </exception>
         public override long Length
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Decoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Decoder.cs
index 536c1e93956..1476b0e1a51 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Decoder.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Decoder.cs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ namespace Avro.IO
     /// Decoder is used to decode Avro data on a stream. There are methods to read the Avro types on the stream. There are also
     /// methods to skip items, which are usually more efficient than reading, on the stream.
     /// </summary>
-    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Naming",
-        "CA1715:Identifiers should have correct prefix", Justification = "Maintain public API")]
     public interface Decoder
     {
         /// <summary>
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ public interface Decoder
         /// <summary>
         /// Starts reading the map Avro type. This, together with ReadMapNext() is used to read the
         /// entries from Avro map. This returns the number of entries in the initial chunk. After consuming
-        /// the chunk, the client should call ReadMapNext() to get the number of entriess in the next
+        /// the chunk, the client should call ReadMapNext() to get the number of entries in the next
         /// chunk. The client should repeat the procedure until there are no more entries in the array.
         /// for (int n = decoder.ReadMapStart(); n > 0; n = decoder.ReadMapNext())
         /// {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Encoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Encoder.cs
index 000a06eed8b..0c1712af430 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Encoder.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Encoder.cs
@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@
 namespace Avro.IO
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Defines the interface for a class that provies low-level support for serializing Avro
+    /// Defines the interface for a class that provides low-level support for serializing Avro
     /// values.
     /// </summary>
-    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Naming",
-        "CA1715:Identifiers should have correct prefix", Justification = "Maintain public API")]
     public interface Encoder
     {
         /// <summary>
@@ -189,5 +187,10 @@ public interface Encoder
         /// <param name="start">Position within data where the contents start.</param>
         /// <param name="len">Number of bytes to write.</param>
         void WriteFixed(byte[] data, int start, int len);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flushes the encoder.
+        /// </summary>
+        void Flush();
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonDecoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonDecoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48d726e3083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonDecoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Avro.IO.Parsing;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace Avro.IO
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A <see cref="Decoder"/> for Avro's JSON data encoding.
+    ///
+    /// JsonDecoder is not thread-safe.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonDecoder : ParsingDecoder
+    {
+        private JsonReader reader;
+        private readonly Stack<ReorderBuffer> reorderBuffers = new Stack<ReorderBuffer>();
+        private ReorderBuffer currentReorderBuffer;
+
+        private class ReorderBuffer
+        {
+            public readonly IDictionary<string, IList<JsonElement>> SavedFields =
+                new Dictionary<string, IList<JsonElement>>();
+
+            public JsonReader OrigParser { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        private JsonDecoder(Symbol root, Stream stream) : base(root)
+        {
+            Configure(stream);
+        }
+
+        private JsonDecoder(Symbol root, string str) : base(root)
+        {
+            Configure(str);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonDecoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonDecoder(Schema schema, Stream stream) : this(GetSymbol(schema), stream)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonDecoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonDecoder(Schema schema, string str) : this(GetSymbol(schema), str)
+        {
+        }
+
+        private static Symbol GetSymbol(Schema schema)
+        {
+            return (new JsonGrammarGenerator()).Generate(schema);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reconfigures this JsonDecoder to use the InputStream provided.
+        /// Otherwise, this JsonDecoder will reset its state and then reconfigure its
+        /// input.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream"> The InputStream to read from. Cannot be null. </param>
+        public void Configure(Stream stream)
+        {
+            Parser.Reset();
+            reorderBuffers.Clear();
+            currentReorderBuffer = null;
+            reader = new JsonTextReader(new StreamReader(stream));
+            reader.Read();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reconfigures this JsonDecoder to use the String provided for input.
+        /// Otherwise, this JsonDecoder will reset its state and then reconfigure its
+        /// input.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="str"> The String to read from. Cannot be null. </param>
+        public void Configure(string str)
+        {
+            Parser.Reset();
+            reorderBuffers.Clear();
+            currentReorderBuffer = null;
+            reader = new JsonTextReader(new StringReader(str));
+            reader.Read();
+        }
+
+        private void Advance(Symbol symbol)
+        {
+            Parser.ProcessTrailingImplicitActions();
+            Parser.Advance(symbol);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void ReadNull()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Null);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("null");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool ReadBoolean()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Boolean);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Boolean)
+            {
+                bool result = Convert.ToBoolean(reader.Value);
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("boolean");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override int ReadInt()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Int);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Integer || reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Float)
+            {
+                int result = Convert.ToInt32(reader.Value);
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("int");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override long ReadLong()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Long);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Integer || reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Float)
+            {
+                long result = Convert.ToInt64(reader.Value);
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("long");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override float ReadFloat()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Float);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Integer || reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Float)
+            {
+                float result = (float)Convert.ToDouble(reader.Value);
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("float");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override double ReadDouble()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Double);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Integer || reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Float)
+            {
+                double result = Convert.ToDouble(reader.Value);
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("double");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string ReadString()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.String);
+            if (Parser.TopSymbol() == Symbol.MapKeyMarker)
+            {
+                Parser.Advance(Symbol.MapKeyMarker);
+                if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.PropertyName)
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("map-key");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.String)
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("string");
+                }
+            }
+
+            string result = Convert.ToString(reader.Value);
+            reader.Read();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipString()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.String);
+            if (Parser.TopSymbol() == Symbol.MapKeyMarker)
+            {
+                Parser.Advance(Symbol.MapKeyMarker);
+                if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.PropertyName)
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("map-key");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.String)
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("string");
+                }
+            }
+
+            reader.Read();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override byte[] ReadBytes()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Bytes);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
+            {
+                byte[] result = ReadByteArray();
+                reader.Read();
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("bytes");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private byte[] ReadByteArray()
+        {
+            Encoding iso = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1");
+            byte[] result = iso.GetBytes(Convert.ToString(reader.Value));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipBytes()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Bytes);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("bytes");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CheckFixed(int size)
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Fixed);
+            Symbol.IntCheckAction top = (Symbol.IntCheckAction)Parser.PopSymbol();
+            if (size != top.Size)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Incorrect length for fixed binary: expected " + top.Size +
+                                            " but received " + size + " bytes.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void ReadFixed(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            ReadFixed(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void ReadFixed(byte[] bytes, int start, int len)
+        {
+            CheckFixed(len);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
+            {
+                byte[] result = ReadByteArray();
+                reader.Read();
+                if (result.Length != len)
+                {
+                    throw new AvroTypeException("Expected fixed length " + len + ", but got" + result.Length);
+                }
+
+                Array.Copy(result, 0, bytes, start, len);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("fixed");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipFixed(int length)
+        {
+            CheckFixed(length);
+            DoSkipFixed(length);
+        }
+
+        private void DoSkipFixed(int length)
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
+            {
+                byte[] result = ReadByteArray();
+                reader.Read();
+                if (result.Length != length)
+                {
+                    throw new AvroTypeException("Expected fixed length " + length + ", but got" + result.Length);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("fixed");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        protected override void SkipFixed()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Fixed);
+            Symbol.IntCheckAction top = (Symbol.IntCheckAction)Parser.PopSymbol();
+            DoSkipFixed(top.Size);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override int ReadEnum()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Enum);
+            Symbol.EnumLabelsAction top = (Symbol.EnumLabelsAction)Parser.PopSymbol();
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
+            {
+                string label = Convert.ToString(reader.Value);
+                int n = top.FindLabel(label);
+                if (n >= 0)
+                {
+                    reader.Read();
+                    return n;
+                }
+
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Unknown symbol in enum " + label);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("fixed");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override long ReadArrayStart()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.ArrayStart);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartArray)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+                return DoArrayNext();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("array-start");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override long ReadArrayNext()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.ItemEnd);
+            return DoArrayNext();
+        }
+
+        private long DoArrayNext()
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.EndArray)
+            {
+                Parser.Advance(Symbol.ArrayEnd);
+                reader.Read();
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipArray()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.ArrayStart);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartArray)
+            {
+                reader.Skip();
+                reader.Read();
+                Advance(Symbol.ArrayEnd);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("array-start");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override long ReadMapStart()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.MapStart);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+                return DoMapNext();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("map-start");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override long ReadMapNext()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.ItemEnd);
+            return DoMapNext();
+        }
+
+        private long DoMapNext()
+        {
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.EndObject)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+                Advance(Symbol.MapEnd);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipMap()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.MapStart);
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
+            {
+                reader.Skip();
+                reader.Read();
+                Advance(Symbol.MapEnd);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("map-start");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override int ReadUnionIndex()
+        {
+            Advance(Symbol.Union);
+            Symbol.Alternative a = (Symbol.Alternative)Parser.PopSymbol();
+
+            string label;
+            if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
+            {
+                label = "null";
+            }
+            else if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
+            {
+                reader.Read();
+                if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
+                {
+                    label = Convert.ToString(reader.Value);
+                    reader.Read();
+                    Parser.PushSymbol(Symbol.UnionEnd);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("start-union");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw TypeError("start-union");
+            }
+
+            int n = a.FindLabel(label);
+            if (n < 0)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Unknown union branch " + label);
+            }
+
+            Parser.PushSymbol(a.GetSymbol(n));
+            return n;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipNull()
+        {
+            ReadNull();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipBoolean()
+        {
+            ReadBoolean();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipInt()
+        {
+            ReadInt();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipLong()
+        {
+            ReadLong();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipFloat()
+        {
+            ReadFloat();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipDouble()
+        {
+            ReadDouble();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipEnum()
+        {
+            ReadEnum();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void SkipUnionIndex()
+        {
+            ReadUnionIndex();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override Symbol DoAction(Symbol input, Symbol top)
+        {
+            if (top is Symbol.FieldAdjustAction)
+            {
+                Symbol.FieldAdjustAction fa = (Symbol.FieldAdjustAction)top;
+                string name = fa.FName;
+                if (currentReorderBuffer != null)
+                {
+                    IList<JsonElement> node = currentReorderBuffer.SavedFields[name];
+                    if (node != null)
+                    {
+                        currentReorderBuffer.SavedFields.Remove(name);
+                        currentReorderBuffer.OrigParser = reader;
+                        reader = MakeParser(node);
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName)
+                {
+                    do
+                    {
+                        string fn = Convert.ToString(reader.Value);
+                        reader.Read();
+                        if (name.Equals(fn) || (fa.Aliases != null && fa.Aliases.Contains(fn)))
+                        {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (currentReorderBuffer == null)
+                            {
+                                currentReorderBuffer = new ReorderBuffer();
+                            }
+
+                            currentReorderBuffer.SavedFields[fn] = GetValueAsTree(reader);
+                        }
+                    } while (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.PropertyName);
+
+                    throw new AvroTypeException("Expected field name not found: " + fa.FName);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.FieldEnd)
+            {
+                if (currentReorderBuffer != null && currentReorderBuffer.OrigParser != null)
+                {
+                    reader = currentReorderBuffer.OrigParser;
+                    currentReorderBuffer.OrigParser = null;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.RecordStart)
+            {
+                if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartObject)
+                {
+                    reader.Read();
+                    reorderBuffers.Push(currentReorderBuffer);
+                    currentReorderBuffer = null;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw TypeError("record-start");
+                }
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.RecordEnd || top == Symbol.UnionEnd)
+            {
+                // AVRO-2034 advance to the end of our object
+                while (reader.TokenType != JsonToken.EndObject)
+                {
+                    reader.Read();
+                }
+
+                if (top == Symbol.RecordEnd)
+                {
+                    if (currentReorderBuffer != null && currentReorderBuffer.SavedFields.Count > 0)
+                    {
+                        throw TypeError("Unknown fields: " + currentReorderBuffer.SavedFields.Keys
+                            .Aggregate((x, y) => x + ", " + y ));
+                    }
+
+                    currentReorderBuffer = reorderBuffers.Pop();
+                }
+
+                // AVRO-2034 advance beyond the end object for the next record.
+                reader.Read();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Unknown action symbol " + top);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        private class JsonElement
+        {
+            private readonly JsonToken token;
+            public JsonToken Token => token;
+            private readonly object value;
+            public object Value => value;
+
+            public JsonElement(JsonToken t, object value)
+            {
+                token = t;
+                this.value = value;
+            }
+
+            public JsonElement(JsonToken t) : this(t, null)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static IList<JsonElement> GetValueAsTree(JsonReader reader)
+        {
+            int level = 0;
+            IList<JsonElement> result = new List<JsonElement>();
+            do
+            {
+                JsonToken t = reader.TokenType;
+                switch (t)
+                {
+                    case JsonToken.StartObject:
+                    case JsonToken.StartArray:
+                        level++;
+                        result.Add(new JsonElement(t));
+                        break;
+                    case JsonToken.EndObject:
+                    case JsonToken.EndArray:
+                        level--;
+                        result.Add(new JsonElement(t));
+                        break;
+                    case JsonToken.PropertyName:
+                    case JsonToken.String:
+                    case JsonToken.Integer:
+                    case JsonToken.Float:
+                    case JsonToken.Boolean:
+                    case JsonToken.Null:
+                        result.Add(new JsonElement(t, reader.Value));
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                reader.Read();
+            } while (level != 0);
+
+            result.Add(new JsonElement(JsonToken.None));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private JsonReader MakeParser(in IList<JsonElement> elements)
+        {
+            return new JsonElementReader(elements);
+        }
+
+        private class JsonElementReader : JsonReader
+        {
+            private readonly IList<JsonElement> elements;
+
+            public JsonElementReader(IList<JsonElement> elements)
+            {
+                this.elements = elements;
+                pos = 0;
+            }
+
+            private int pos;
+
+            public override object Value
+            {
+                get { return elements[pos].Value; }
+            }
+
+            public override JsonToken TokenType
+            {
+                get { return elements[pos].Token; }
+            }
+
+            public override bool Read()
+            {
+                pos++;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private AvroTypeException TypeError(string type)
+        {
+            return new AvroTypeException("Expected " + type + ". Got " + reader.TokenType);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonEncoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonEncoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c159a013e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/JsonEncoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using Avro.IO.Parsing;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace Avro.IO
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An <see cref="Encoder"/> for Avro's JSON data encoding.
+    ///
+    /// JsonEncoder buffers output, and data may not appear on the output until
+    /// <see cref="Encoder.Flush()"/> is called.
+    ///
+    /// JsonEncoder is not thread-safe.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonEncoder : ParsingEncoder, Parser.IActionHandler
+    {
+        private readonly Parser parser;
+        private JsonWriter writer;
+        private bool includeNamespace = true;
+
+        // Has anything been written into the collections?
+        private readonly BitArray isEmpty = new BitArray(64);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonEncoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonEncoder(Schema sc, Stream stream) : this(sc, GetJsonWriter(stream, false))
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonEncoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonEncoder(Schema sc, Stream stream, bool pretty) : this(sc, GetJsonWriter(stream, pretty))
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JsonEncoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JsonEncoder(Schema sc, JsonWriter writer)
+        {
+            Configure(writer);
+            parser = new Parser((new JsonGrammarGenerator()).Generate(sc), this);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void Flush()
+        {
+            parser.ProcessImplicitActions();
+            if (writer != null)
+            {
+                writer.Flush();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // by default, one object per line.
+        // with pretty option use default pretty printer with root line separator.
+        private static JsonWriter GetJsonWriter(Stream stream, bool pretty)
+        {
+            JsonWriter writer = new JsonTextWriter(new StreamWriter(stream));
+            if (pretty)
+            {
+                writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
+            }
+
+            return writer;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether to include a union label when generating JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual bool IncludeNamespace
+        {
+            get { return includeNamespace; }
+            set { includeNamespace = value; }
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reconfigures this JsonEncoder to use the output stream provided.
+        /// Otherwise, this JsonEncoder will flush its current output and then
+        /// reconfigure its output to use a default UTF8 JsonWriter that writes to the
+        /// provided Stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream"> The Stream to direct output to. Cannot be null. </param>
+        public void Configure(Stream stream)
+        {
+            Configure(GetJsonWriter(stream, false));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reconfigures this JsonEncoder to output to the JsonWriter provided.
+        /// Otherwise, this JsonEncoder will flush its current output and then
+        /// reconfigure its output to use the provided JsonWriter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="jsonWriter"> The JsonWriter to direct output to. Cannot be null. </param>
+        public void Configure(JsonWriter jsonWriter)
+        {
+            if (null != parser)
+            {
+                Flush();
+            }
+
+            writer = jsonWriter;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteNull()
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Null);
+            writer.WriteNull();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteBoolean(bool b)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Boolean);
+            writer.WriteValue(b);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteInt(int n)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Int);
+            writer.WriteValue(n);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteLong(long n)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Long);
+            writer.WriteValue(n);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteFloat(float f)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Float);
+            writer.WriteValue(f);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteDouble(double d)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Double);
+            writer.WriteValue(d);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteString(string str)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.String);
+            if (parser.TopSymbol() == Symbol.MapKeyMarker)
+            {
+                parser.Advance(Symbol.MapKeyMarker);
+                writer.WritePropertyName(str);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteValue(str);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteBytes(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            WriteBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteBytes(byte[] bytes, int start, int len)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Bytes);
+            WriteByteArray(bytes, start, len);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteByteArray(byte[] bytes, int start, int len)
+        {
+            Encoding iso = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1");
+            writer.WriteValue(iso.GetString(bytes, start, len));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteFixed(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            WriteFixed(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteFixed(byte[] bytes, int start, int len)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Fixed);
+            Symbol.IntCheckAction top = (Symbol.IntCheckAction)parser.PopSymbol();
+            if (len != top.Size)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Incorrect length for fixed binary: expected " + top.Size +
+                                            " but received " + len + " bytes.");
+            }
+
+            WriteByteArray(bytes, start, len);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteEnum(int e)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Enum);
+            Symbol.EnumLabelsAction top = (Symbol.EnumLabelsAction)parser.PopSymbol();
+            if (e < 0 || e >= top.Size)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Enumeration out of range: max is " + top.Size + " but received " + e);
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteValue(top.GetLabel(e));
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteArrayStart()
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.ArrayStart);
+            writer.WriteStartArray();
+            Push();
+            if (Depth() >= isEmpty.Length)
+            {
+                isEmpty.Length += isEmpty.Length;
+            }
+
+            isEmpty.Set(Depth(), true);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteArrayEnd()
+        {
+            if (!isEmpty.Get(Pos))
+            {
+                parser.Advance(Symbol.ItemEnd);
+            }
+
+            Pop();
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.ArrayEnd);
+            writer.WriteEndArray();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteMapStart()
+        {
+            Push();
+            if (Depth() >= isEmpty.Length)
+            {
+                isEmpty.Length += isEmpty.Length;
+            }
+
+            isEmpty.Set(Depth(), true);
+
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.MapStart);
+            writer.WriteStartObject();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteMapEnd()
+        {
+            if (!isEmpty.Get(Pos))
+            {
+                parser.Advance(Symbol.ItemEnd);
+            }
+
+            Pop();
+
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.MapEnd);
+            writer.WriteEndObject();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void StartItem()
+        {
+            if (!isEmpty.Get(Pos))
+            {
+                parser.Advance(Symbol.ItemEnd);
+            }
+
+            base.StartItem();
+            if (Depth() >= isEmpty.Length)
+            {
+                isEmpty.Length += isEmpty.Length;
+            }
+
+            isEmpty.Set(Depth(), false);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override void WriteUnionIndex(int unionIndex)
+        {
+            parser.Advance(Symbol.Union);
+            Symbol.Alternative top = (Symbol.Alternative)parser.PopSymbol();
+            Symbol symbol = top.GetSymbol(unionIndex);
+            if (symbol != Symbol.Null && includeNamespace)
+            {
+                writer.WriteStartObject();
+                writer.WritePropertyName(top.GetLabel(unionIndex));
+                parser.PushSymbol(Symbol.UnionEnd);
+            }
+
+            parser.PushSymbol(symbol);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Perform an action based on the given input.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual Symbol DoAction(Symbol input, Symbol top)
+        {
+            if (top is Symbol.FieldAdjustAction)
+            {
+                Symbol.FieldAdjustAction fa = (Symbol.FieldAdjustAction)top;
+                writer.WritePropertyName(fa.FName);
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.RecordStart)
+            {
+                writer.WriteStartObject();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.RecordEnd || top == Symbol.UnionEnd)
+            {
+                writer.WriteEndObject();
+            }
+            else if (top != Symbol.FieldEnd)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Unknown action symbol " + top);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/JsonGrammarGenerator.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/JsonGrammarGenerator.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..508ea264b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/JsonGrammarGenerator.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Avro.IO.Parsing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The class that generates a grammar suitable to parse Avro data in JSON
+    /// format.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonGrammarGenerator : ValidatingGrammarGenerator
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the non-terminal that is the start symbol for the grammar for the
+        /// grammar for the given schema <tt>schema</tt>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override Symbol Generate(Schema schema)
+        {
+            return Symbol.NewRoot(Generate(schema, new Dictionary<LitS, Symbol>()));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the non-terminal that is the start symbol for grammar of the given
+        /// schema <tt>sc</tt>. If there is already an entry for the given schema in the
+        /// given map <tt>seen</tt> then that entry is returned. Otherwise a new symbol
+        /// is generated and an entry is inserted into the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sc">   The schema for which the start symbol is required </param>
+        /// <param name="seen"> A map of schema to symbol mapping done so far. </param>
+        /// <returns> The start symbol for the schema </returns>
+        protected override Symbol Generate(Schema sc, IDictionary<LitS, Symbol> seen)
+        {
+            switch (sc.Tag)
+            {
+                case Schema.Type.Null:
+                case Schema.Type.Boolean:
+                case Schema.Type.Int:
+                case Schema.Type.Long:
+                case Schema.Type.Float:
+                case Schema.Type.Double:
+                case Schema.Type.String:
+                case Schema.Type.Bytes:
+                case Schema.Type.Fixed:
+                case Schema.Type.Union:
+                    return base.Generate(sc, seen);
+                case Schema.Type.Enumeration:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(new Symbol.EnumLabelsAction(((EnumSchema)sc).Symbols), Symbol.Enum);
+                case Schema.Type.Array:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(
+                        Symbol.NewRepeat(Symbol.ArrayEnd, Symbol.ItemEnd, Generate(((ArraySchema)sc).ItemSchema, seen)),
+                        Symbol.ArrayStart);
+                case Schema.Type.Map:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(
+                        Symbol.NewRepeat(Symbol.MapEnd, Symbol.ItemEnd, Generate(((MapSchema)sc).ValueSchema, seen),
+                            Symbol.MapKeyMarker, Symbol.String), Symbol.MapStart);
+                case Schema.Type.Record:
+                    {
+                        LitS wsc = new LitS(sc);
+                        if (!seen.TryGetValue(wsc, out Symbol rresult))
+                        {
+                            Symbol[] production = new Symbol[((RecordSchema)sc).Fields.Count * 3 + 2];
+                            rresult = Symbol.NewSeq(production);
+                            seen[wsc] = rresult;
+
+                            int i = production.Length;
+                            int n = 0;
+                            production[--i] = Symbol.RecordStart;
+                            foreach (Field f in ((RecordSchema)sc).Fields)
+                            {
+                                production[--i] = new Symbol.FieldAdjustAction(n, f.Name, f.Aliases);
+                                production[--i] = Generate(f.Schema, seen);
+                                production[--i] = Symbol.FieldEnd;
+                                n++;
+                            }
+
+                            production[i - 1] = Symbol.RecordEnd;
+                        }
+
+                        return rresult;
+                    }
+                case Schema.Type.Logical:
+                    return Generate((sc as LogicalSchema).BaseSchema, seen);
+                default:
+                    throw new Exception("Unexpected schema type");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Parser.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Parser.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae788ede05d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Parser.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Avro.IO.Parsing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parser is the class that maintains the stack for parsing. This class is used
+    /// by encoders, which are not required to skip.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class Parser
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The parser knows how to handle the terminal and non-terminal symbols. But it
+        /// needs help from outside to handle implicit and explicit actions. The clients
+        /// implement this interface to provide this help.
+        /// </summary>
+        public interface IActionHandler
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Handle the action symbol <tt>top</tt> when the <tt>input</tt> is sought to be
+            /// taken off the stack.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="input"> The input symbol from the caller of Advance </param>
+            /// <param name="top">   The symbol at the top the stack. </param>
+            /// <returns> <tt>null</tt> if Advance() is to continue processing the stack. If
+            ///         not <tt>null</tt> the return value will be returned by Advance(). </returns>
+            Symbol DoAction(Symbol input, Symbol top);
+        }
+
+        private readonly IActionHandler symbolHandler;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stack of symbols.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Symbol[] Stack;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Position of the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected int Pos;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Parser"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Parser(Symbol root, IActionHandler symbolHandler)
+        {
+            this.symbolHandler = symbolHandler;
+            Stack = new Symbol[5]; // Start small to make sure expansion code works
+            Stack[0] = root;
+            Pos = 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// If there is no sufficient room in the stack, use this expand it.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ExpandStack()
+        {
+            Array.Resize(ref Stack, Stack.Length + Math.Max(Stack.Length, 1024));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Recursively replaces the symbol at the top of the stack with its production,
+        /// until the top is a terminal. Then checks if the top symbol matches the
+        /// terminal symbol supplied <tt>input</tt>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input"> The symbol to match against the terminal at the top of the
+        ///              stack. </param>
+        /// <returns> The terminal symbol at the top of the stack unless an implicit action
+        ///         resulted in another symbol, in which case that symbol is returned. </returns>
+        public Symbol Advance(Symbol input)
+        {
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                Symbol top = Stack[--Pos];
+                if (top == input)
+                {
+                    return top; // A common case
+                }
+
+                Symbol.Kind k = top.SymKind;
+                if (k == Symbol.Kind.ImplicitAction)
+                {
+                    Symbol result = symbolHandler.DoAction(input, top);
+                    if (result != null)
+                    {
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (k == Symbol.Kind.Terminal)
+                {
+                    throw new AvroTypeException("Attempt to process a " + input + " when a " + top + " was expected.");
+                }
+                else if (k == Symbol.Kind.Repeater && input == ((Symbol.Repeater)top).End)
+                {
+                    return input;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    PushProduction(top);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs any implicit actions at the top the stack, expanding any production
+        /// (other than the root) that may be encountered. This method will fail if there
+        /// are any repeaters on the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ProcessImplicitActions()
+        {
+            while (Pos > 1)
+            {
+                Symbol top = Stack[Pos - 1];
+                if (top.SymKind == Symbol.Kind.ImplicitAction)
+                {
+                    Pos--;
+                    symbolHandler.DoAction(null, top);
+                }
+                else if (top.SymKind != Symbol.Kind.Terminal)
+                {
+                    Pos--;
+                    PushProduction(top);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs any "trailing" implicit actions at the top the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ProcessTrailingImplicitActions()
+        {
+            while (Pos >= 1)
+            {
+                Symbol top = Stack[Pos - 1];
+                if (top.SymKind == Symbol.Kind.ImplicitAction && ((Symbol.ImplicitAction)top).IsTrailing)
+                {
+                    Pos--;
+                    symbolHandler.DoAction(null, top);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pushes the production for the given symbol <tt>sym</tt>. If <tt>sym</tt> is a
+        /// repeater and <tt>input</tt> is either <see cref="Symbol.ArrayEnd"/> or
+        /// <see cref="Symbol.MapEnd"/> pushes nothing.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sym"> </param>
+        public void PushProduction(Symbol sym)
+        {
+            Symbol[] p = sym.Production;
+            while (Pos + p.Length > Stack.Length)
+            {
+                ExpandStack();
+            }
+
+            Array.Copy(p, 0, Stack, Pos, p.Length);
+            Pos += p.Length;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pops and returns the top symbol from the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual Symbol PopSymbol()
+        {
+            return Stack[--Pos];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the top symbol from the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual Symbol TopSymbol()
+        {
+            return Stack[Pos - 1];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pushes <tt>sym</tt> on to the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual void PushSymbol(Symbol sym)
+        {
+            if (Pos == Stack.Length)
+            {
+                ExpandStack();
+            }
+
+            Stack[Pos++] = sym;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the depth of the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual int Depth()
+        {
+            return Pos;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resets the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual void Reset()
+        {
+            Pos = 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/SkipParser.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/SkipParser.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4679215cbc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/SkipParser.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Avro.IO.Parsing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A parser that capable of skipping as well read and write. This class is used
+    /// by decoders who (unlike encoders) are required to implement methods to skip.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SkipParser : Parser
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The clients implement this interface to skip symbols and actions.
+        /// </summary>
+        public interface ISkipHandler
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Skips the action at the top of the stack.
+            /// </summary>
+            void SkipAction();
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Skips the symbol at the top of the stack.
+            /// </summary>
+            void SkipTopSymbol();
+        }
+
+        private readonly ISkipHandler skipHandler;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SkipParser"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public SkipParser(Symbol root, IActionHandler symbolHandler, ISkipHandler skipHandler) : base(root, symbolHandler)
+        {
+            this.skipHandler = skipHandler;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skips data by calling <code>skipXyz</code> or <code>readXyz</code> methods on
+        /// <code>this</code>, until the parser stack reaches the target level.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SkipTo(int target)
+        {
+            while (target < Pos)
+            {
+                Symbol top = Stack[Pos - 1];
+                while (top.SymKind != Symbol.Kind.Terminal)
+                {
+                    if (top.SymKind == Symbol.Kind.ImplicitAction || top.SymKind == Symbol.Kind.ExplicitAction)
+                    {
+                        skipHandler.SkipAction();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        --Pos;
+                        PushProduction(top);
+                    }
+
+                    goto outerContinue;
+                }
+
+                skipHandler.SkipTopSymbol();
+                outerContinue: ;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skips the repeater at the top the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SkipRepeater()
+        {
+            int target = Pos;
+            Symbol repeater = Stack[--Pos];
+            Debug.Assert(repeater.SymKind == Symbol.Kind.Repeater);
+            PushProduction(repeater);
+            SkipTo(target);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pushes the given symbol on to the skip and skips it.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="symToSkip"> The symbol that should be skipped. </param>
+        public void SkipSymbol(Symbol symToSkip)
+        {
+            int target = Pos;
+            PushSymbol(symToSkip);
+            SkipTo(target);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Symbol.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Symbol.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5f4ee09c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/Symbol.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Avro.IO.Parsing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Symbol is the base of all symbols (terminals and non-terminals) of the
+    /// grammar.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class Symbol
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The type of symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum Kind
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// terminal symbols which have no productions </summary>
+            Terminal,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Start symbol for some grammar </summary>
+            Root,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// non-terminal symbol which is a sequence of one or more other symbols </summary>
+            Sequence,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// non-terminal to represent the contents of an array or map </summary>
+            Repeater,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// non-terminal to represent the union </summary>
+            Alternative,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// non-terminal action symbol which are automatically consumed </summary>
+            ImplicitAction,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// non-terminal action symbol which is explicitly consumed </summary>
+            ExplicitAction
+        }
+
+        /// The kind of this symbol.
+        public Kind SymKind { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The production for this symbol. If this symbol is a terminal this is
+        /// <tt>null</tt>. Otherwise this holds the the sequence of the symbols that
+        /// forms the production for this symbol. The sequence is in the reverse order of
+        /// production. This is useful for easy copying onto parsing stack.
+        ///
+        /// Please note that this is a final. So the production for a symbol should be
+        /// known before that symbol is constructed. This requirement cannot be met for
+        /// those symbols which are recursive (e.g. a record that holds union a branch of
+        /// which is the record itself). To resolve this problem, we initialize the
+        /// symbol with an array of nulls. Later we fill the symbols. Not clean, but
+        /// works. The other option is to not have this field a final. But keeping it
+        /// final and thus keeping symbol immutable gives some comfort. See various
+        /// generators how we generate records.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Symbol[] Production { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a new symbol of the given kind.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Symbol(Kind kind) : this(kind, null)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a new symbol of the given kind and production.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Symbol(Kind kind, Symbol[] production)
+        {
+            Production = production;
+            SymKind = kind;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct a root symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol NewRoot(params Symbol[] symbols) => new Root(symbols);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct a sequence.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="production"> The constituent symbols of the sequence. </param>
+        public static Symbol NewSeq(params Symbol[] production) => new Sequence(production);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct a repeater.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="endSymbol"> The end symbol. </param>
+        /// <param name="symsToRepeat"> The symbols to repeat in the repeater. </param>
+        public static Symbol NewRepeat(Symbol endSymbol, params Symbol[] symsToRepeat) =>
+            new Repeater(endSymbol, symsToRepeat);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct a union.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol NewAlt(Symbol[] symbols, string[] labels) => new Alternative(symbols, labels);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct an ErrorAction.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="e"> </param>
+        protected static Symbol Error(string e) => new ErrorAction(e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A convenience method to construct a ResolvingAction.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="w"> The writer symbol </param>
+        /// <param name="r"> The reader symbol </param>
+        protected static Symbol Resolve(Symbol w, Symbol r) => new ResolvingAction(w, r);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fixup symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected class Fixup
+        {
+            private readonly Symbol[] symbols;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The symbols.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol[] Symbols
+            {
+                get { return (Symbol[])symbols.Clone(); }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The position.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int Pos { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Fixup"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Fixup(Symbol[] symbols, int pos)
+            {
+                this.symbols = (Symbol[])symbols.Clone();
+                Pos = pos;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flatten the given sub-array of symbols into a sub-array of symbols.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected virtual Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map, IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2) => this;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the flattened size.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual int FlattenedSize() => 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flattens the given sub-array of symbols into an sub-array of symbols. Every
+        /// <tt>Sequence</tt> in the input are replaced by its production recursively.
+        /// Non-<tt>Sequence</tt> symbols, they internally have other symbols those
+        /// internal symbols also get flattened. When flattening is done, the only place
+        /// there might be Sequence symbols is in the productions of a Repeater,
+        /// Alternative, or the symToParse and symToSkip in a UnionAdjustAction or
+        /// SkipAction.
+        ///
+        /// Why is this done? We want our parsers to be fast. If we left the grammars
+        /// unflattened, then the parser would be constantly copying the contents of
+        /// nested Sequence productions onto the parsing stack. Instead, because of
+        /// flattening, we have a long top-level production with no Sequences unless the
+        /// Sequence is absolutely needed, e.g., in the case of a Repeater or an
+        /// Alternative.
+        ///
+        /// Well, this is not exactly true when recursion is involved. Where there is a
+        /// recursive record, that record will be "inlined" once, but any internal (ie,
+        /// recursive) references to that record will be a Sequence for the record. That
+        /// Sequence will not further inline itself -- it will refer to itself as a
+        /// Sequence. The same is true for any records nested in this outer recursive
+        /// record. Recursion is rare, and we want things to be fast in the typical case,
+        /// which is why we do the flattening optimization.
+        ///
+        ///
+        /// The algorithm does a few tricks to handle recursive symbol definitions. In
+        /// order to avoid infinite recursion with recursive symbols, we have a map of
+        /// Symbol->Symbol. Before fully constructing a flattened symbol for a
+        /// <tt>Sequence</tt> we insert an empty output symbol into the map and then
+        /// start filling the production for the <tt>Sequence</tt>. If the same
+        /// <tt>Sequence</tt> is encountered due to recursion, we simply return the
+        /// (empty) output <tt>Sequence</tt> from the map. Then we actually fill out
+        /// the production for the <tt>Sequence</tt>. As part of the flattening process
+        /// we copy the production of <tt>Sequence</tt>s into larger arrays. If the
+        /// original <tt>Sequence</tt> has not not be fully constructed yet, we copy a
+        /// bunch of <tt>null</tt>s. Fix-up remembers all those <tt>null</tt> patches.
+        /// The fix-ups gets finally filled when we know the symbols to occupy those
+        /// patches.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">    The array of input symbols to flatten </param>
+        /// <param name="start"> The position where the input sub-array starts. </param>
+        /// <param name="output">   The output that receives the flattened list of symbols. The
+        ///              output array should have sufficient space to receive the
+        ///              expanded sub-array of symbols. </param>
+        /// <param name="skip">  The position where the output input sub-array starts. </param>
+        /// <param name="map">   A map of symbols which have already been expanded. Useful for
+        ///              handling recursive definitions and for caching. </param>
+        /// <param name="map2">  A map to to store the list of fix-ups. </param>
+        protected static void Flatten(Symbol[] input, int start, Symbol[] output, int skip,
+            IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map, IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+        {
+            for (int i = start, j = skip; i < input.Length; i++)
+            {
+                Symbol s = input[i].Flatten(map, map2);
+                if (s is Sequence)
+                {
+                    Symbol[] p = s.Production;
+                    if (!map2.TryGetValue((Sequence)s, out IList<Fixup> l))
+                    {
+                        Array.Copy(p, 0, output, j, p.Length);
+                        // Copy any fixups that will be applied to p to add missing symbols
+                        foreach (IList<Fixup> fixups in map2.Values)
+                        {
+                            CopyFixups(fixups, output, j, p);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        l.Add(new Fixup(output, j));
+                    }
+
+                    j += p.Length;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    output[j++] = s;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void CopyFixups(IList<Fixup> fixups, Symbol[] output, int outPos, Symbol[] toCopy)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0, n = fixups.Count; i < n; i += 1)
+            {
+                Fixup fixup = fixups[i];
+                if (fixup.Symbols == toCopy)
+                {
+                    fixups.Add(new Fixup(output, fixup.Pos + outPos));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the amount of space required to flatten the given sub-array of
+        /// symbols.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="symbols"> The array of input symbols. </param>
+        /// <param name="start">   The index where the subarray starts. </param>
+        /// <returns> The number of symbols that will be produced if one expands the given
+        ///         input. </returns>
+        protected static int FlattenedSize(Symbol[] symbols, int start)
+        {
+            int result = 0;
+            for (int i = start; i < symbols.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (symbols[i] is Sequence)
+                {
+                    Sequence s = (Sequence)symbols[i];
+                    result += s.FlattenedSize();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result += 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Terminal symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected class Terminal : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Printable name.
+            /// </summary>
+            public string PrintName { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.Terminal"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Terminal(string printName) : base(Kind.Terminal)
+            {
+                PrintName = printName;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            public override string ToString() => PrintName;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implicit action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ImplicitAction : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Set to <tt>true</tt> if and only if this implicit action is a trailing
+            /// action. That is, it is an action that follows real symbol. E.g
+            /// <see cref="Symbol.DefaultEndAction"/>.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool IsTrailing { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.ImplicitAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public ImplicitAction() : this(false)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.ImplicitAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public ImplicitAction(bool isTrailing) : base(Kind.ImplicitAction)
+            {
+                IsTrailing = isTrailing;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Root symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected class Root : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.Root"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Root(params Symbol[] symbols) : base(Kind.Root, MakeProduction(symbols))
+            {
+                Production[0] = this;
+            }
+
+            private static Symbol[] MakeProduction(Symbol[] symbols)
+            {
+                Symbol[] result = new Symbol[FlattenedSize(symbols, 0) + 1];
+                Flatten(symbols, 0, result, 1, new Dictionary<Sequence, Sequence>(),
+                    new Dictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>>());
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sequence symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected class Sequence : Symbol, IEnumerable<Symbol>
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.Sequence"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Sequence(Symbol[] productions) : base(Kind.Sequence, productions)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Get the symbol at the given index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual Symbol this[int index] => Production[index];
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Get the symbol at the given index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual Symbol Get(int index) => Production[index];
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the number of symbols.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual int Size() => Production.Length;
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            public IEnumerator<Symbol> GetEnumerator() => Enumerable.Reverse(Production).GetEnumerator();
+
+            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                if (!map.TryGetValue(this, out Sequence result))
+                {
+                    result = new Sequence(new Symbol[FlattenedSize()]);
+                    map[this] = result;
+                    IList<Fixup> l = new List<Fixup>();
+                    map2[result] = l;
+
+                    Flatten(Production, 0, result.Production, 0, map, map2);
+                    foreach (Fixup f in l)
+                    {
+                        Array.Copy(result.Production, 0, f.Symbols, f.Pos, result.Production.Length);
+                    }
+
+                    map2.Remove(result);
+                }
+
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            public override int FlattenedSize() => FlattenedSize(Production, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Repeater symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class Repeater : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The end symbol.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol End { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.Repeater"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Repeater(Symbol end, params Symbol[] sequenceToRepeat) : base(Kind.Repeater,
+                MakeProduction(sequenceToRepeat))
+            {
+                End = end;
+                Production[0] = this;
+            }
+
+            private static Symbol[] MakeProduction(Symbol[] p)
+            {
+                Symbol[] result = new Symbol[p.Length + 1];
+                Array.Copy(p, 0, result, 1, p.Length);
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                Repeater result = new Repeater(End, new Symbol[FlattenedSize(Production, 1)]);
+                Flatten(Production, 1, result.Production, 1, map, map2);
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the Parser contains any Error symbol, indicating that it may
+        /// fail for some inputs.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static bool HasErrors(Symbol symbol)
+        {
+            return HasErrors(symbol, new HashSet<Symbol>());
+        }
+
+        private static bool HasErrors(Symbol symbol, ISet<Symbol> visited)
+        {
+            // avoid infinite recursion
+            if (visited.Contains(symbol))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            visited.Add(symbol);
+
+            switch (symbol.SymKind)
+            {
+                case Kind.Alternative:
+                    return HasErrors(symbol, ((Alternative)symbol).Symbols, visited);
+                case Kind.ExplicitAction:
+                    return false;
+                case Kind.ImplicitAction:
+                    if (symbol is ErrorAction)
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (symbol is UnionAdjustAction)
+                    {
+                        return HasErrors(((UnionAdjustAction)symbol).SymToParse, visited);
+                    }
+
+                    return false;
+                case Kind.Repeater:
+                    Repeater r = (Repeater)symbol;
+                    return HasErrors(r.End, visited) || HasErrors(symbol, r.Production, visited);
+                case Kind.Root:
+                case Kind.Sequence:
+                    return HasErrors(symbol, symbol.Production, visited);
+                case Kind.Terminal:
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    throw new Exception("unknown symbol kind: " + symbol.SymKind);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool HasErrors(Symbol root, Symbol[] symbols, ISet<Symbol> visited)
+        {
+            if (null != symbols)
+            {
+                foreach (Symbol s in symbols)
+                {
+                    if (s == root)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (HasErrors(s, visited))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Alternative symbol.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class Alternative : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The symbols.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol[] Symbols { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The labels.
+            /// </summary>
+            public string[] Labels { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.Alternative"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Alternative(Symbol[] symbols, string[] labels) : base(Kind.Alternative)
+            {
+                Symbols = symbols;
+                Labels = labels;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the symbol at the given index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual Symbol GetSymbol(int index)
+            {
+                return Symbols[index];
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the label at the given index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual string GetLabel(int index)
+            {
+                return Labels[index];
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the size.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual int Size()
+            {
+                return Symbols.Length;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the index of the given label.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual int FindLabel(string label)
+            {
+                if (label != null)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < Labels.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (label.Equals(Labels[i]))
+                        {
+                            return i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                Symbol[] ss = new Symbol[Symbols.Length];
+                for (int i = 0; i < ss.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    ss[i] = Symbols[i].Flatten(map, map2);
+                }
+
+                return new Alternative(ss, Labels);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The error action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ErrorAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The error message.
+            /// </summary>
+            public string Msg { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.ErrorAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public ErrorAction(string msg)
+            {
+                Msg = msg;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Int check action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class IntCheckAction : Symbol
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The size.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int Size { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.IntCheckAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public IntCheckAction(int size) : base(Kind.ExplicitAction)
+            {
+                Size = size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The writer union action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class WriterUnionAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The resolving action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ResolvingAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The writer.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol Writer { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The reader.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol Reader { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.ResolvingAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public ResolvingAction(Symbol writer, Symbol reader)
+            {
+                Writer = writer;
+                Reader = reader;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                return new ResolvingAction(Writer.Flatten(map, map2), Reader.Flatten(map, map2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The skip action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class SkipAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The symbol to skip.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol SymToSkip { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.SkipAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public SkipAction(Symbol symToSkip) : base(true)
+            {
+                SymToSkip = symToSkip;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                return new SkipAction(SymToSkip.Flatten(map, map2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field adjust action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class FieldAdjustAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int RIndex { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The field name.
+            /// </summary>
+            public string FName { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The field aliases.
+            /// </summary>
+            public IList<string> Aliases { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.FieldAdjustAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public FieldAdjustAction(int rindex, string fname, IList<string> aliases)
+            {
+                RIndex = rindex;
+                FName = fname;
+                Aliases = aliases;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// THe field order action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class FieldOrderAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether no reorder is needed.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool NoReorder { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The fields.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Field[] Fields { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.FieldOrderAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public FieldOrderAction(Field[] fields)
+            {
+                Fields = fields;
+                bool noReorder = true;
+                for (int i = 0; noReorder && i < fields.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    noReorder &= (i == fields[i].Pos);
+                }
+
+                NoReorder = noReorder;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The default start action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class DefaultStartAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The contents.
+            /// </summary>
+            public byte[] Contents { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.DefaultStartAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public DefaultStartAction(byte[] contents)
+            {
+                Contents = contents;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The union adjust action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class UnionAdjustAction : ImplicitAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int RIndex { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The symbol to parser.
+            /// </summary>
+            public Symbol SymToParse { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.UnionAdjustAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public UnionAdjustAction(int rindex, Symbol symToParse)
+            {
+                RIndex = rindex;
+                SymToParse = symToParse;
+            }
+
+            /// <inheritdoc />
+            protected override Symbol Flatten(IDictionary<Sequence, Sequence> map,
+                IDictionary<Sequence, IList<Fixup>> map2)
+            {
+                return new UnionAdjustAction(RIndex, SymToParse.Flatten(map, map2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The enum labels action.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class EnumLabelsAction : IntCheckAction
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The symbols.
+            /// </summary>
+            public IList<string> Symbols { get; private set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Symbol.EnumLabelsAction"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public EnumLabelsAction(IList<string> symbols) : base(symbols.Count)
+            {
+                Symbols = symbols;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the label at the given index.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual string GetLabel(int n)
+            {
+                return Symbols[n];
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns index of the given label.
+            /// </summary>
+            public virtual int FindLabel(string label)
+            {
+                if (label != null)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < Symbols.Count; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (label.Equals(Symbols[i]))
+                        {
+                            return i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The terminal symbols for the grammar.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Null { get; } = new Terminal("null");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Boolean
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Boolean { get; } = new Terminal("boolean");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Int
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Int { get; } = new Terminal("int");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Long
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Long { get; } = new Terminal("long");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Float
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Float { get; } = new Terminal("float");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Double
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Double { get; } = new Terminal("double");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// String
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol String { get; } = new Terminal("string");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Bytes
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Bytes { get; } = new Terminal("bytes");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fixed
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Fixed { get; } = new Terminal("fixed");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enum
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Enum { get; } = new Terminal("enum");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Union
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol Union { get; } = new Terminal("union");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ArrayStart
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol ArrayStart { get; } = new Terminal("array-start");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ArrayEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol ArrayEnd { get; } = new Terminal("array-end");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// MapStart
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol MapStart { get; } = new Terminal("map-start");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// MapEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol MapEnd { get; } = new Terminal("map-end");
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ItemEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol ItemEnd { get; } = new Terminal("item-end");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// WriterUnion
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol WriterUnion { get; } = new WriterUnionAction();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// FieldAction - a pseudo terminal used by parsers
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol FieldAction { get; } = new Terminal("field-action");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RecordStart
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol RecordStart { get; } = new ImplicitAction(false);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RecordEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol RecordEnd { get; } = new ImplicitAction(true);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// UnionEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol UnionEnd { get; } = new ImplicitAction(true);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// FieldEnd
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol FieldEnd { get; } = new ImplicitAction(true);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DefaultEndAction
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol DefaultEndAction { get; } = new ImplicitAction(true);
+        /// <summary>
+        /// MapKeyMarker
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Symbol MapKeyMarker { get; } = new Terminal("map-key-marker");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/ValidatingGrammarGenerator.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/ValidatingGrammarGenerator.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d109660671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Parsing/ValidatingGrammarGenerator.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Avro.Generic;
+
+namespace Avro.IO.Parsing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The class that generates validating grammar.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ValidatingGrammarGenerator
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the non-terminal that is the start symbol for the grammar for the
+        /// given schema <tt>sc</tt>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual Symbol Generate(Schema schema)
+        {
+            return Symbol.NewRoot(Generate(schema, new Dictionary<LitS, Symbol>()));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the non-terminal that is the start symbol for the grammar for the
+        /// given schema <tt>sc</tt>. If there is already an entry for the given schema
+        /// in the given map <tt>seen</tt> then that entry is returned. Otherwise a new
+        /// symbol is generated and an entry is inserted into the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sc">   The schema for which the start symbol is required </param>
+        /// <param name="seen"> A map of schema to symbol mapping done so far. </param>
+        /// <returns> The start symbol for the schema </returns>
+        protected virtual Symbol Generate(Schema sc, IDictionary<LitS, Symbol> seen)
+        {
+            switch (sc.Tag)
+            {
+                case Schema.Type.Null:
+                    return Symbol.Null;
+                case Schema.Type.Boolean:
+                    return Symbol.Boolean;
+                case Schema.Type.Int:
+                    return Symbol.Int;
+                case Schema.Type.Long:
+                    return Symbol.Long;
+                case Schema.Type.Float:
+                    return Symbol.Float;
+                case Schema.Type.Double:
+                    return Symbol.Double;
+                case Schema.Type.String:
+                    return Symbol.String;
+                case Schema.Type.Bytes:
+                    return Symbol.Bytes;
+                case Schema.Type.Fixed:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(new Symbol.IntCheckAction(((FixedSchema)sc).Size), Symbol.Fixed);
+                case Schema.Type.Enumeration:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(new Symbol.IntCheckAction(((EnumSchema)sc).Symbols.Count), Symbol.Enum);
+                case Schema.Type.Array:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(
+                        Symbol.NewRepeat(Symbol.ArrayEnd, Generate(((ArraySchema)sc).ItemSchema, seen)),
+                        Symbol.ArrayStart);
+                case Schema.Type.Map:
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(
+                        Symbol.NewRepeat(Symbol.MapEnd, Generate(((MapSchema)sc).ValueSchema, seen), Symbol.String),
+                        Symbol.MapStart);
+                case Schema.Type.Record:
+                    {
+                        LitS wsc = new LitS(sc);
+                        if (!seen.TryGetValue(wsc, out Symbol rresult))
+                        {
+                            Symbol[] production = new Symbol[((RecordSchema)sc).Fields.Count];
+
+                            // We construct a symbol without filling the array. Please see
+                            // <see cref="Symbol.production"/> for the reason.
+                            rresult = Symbol.NewSeq(production);
+                            seen[wsc] = rresult;
+
+                            int j = production.Length;
+                            foreach (Field f in ((RecordSchema)sc).Fields)
+                            {
+                                production[--j] = Generate(f.Schema, seen);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        return rresult;
+                    }
+                case Schema.Type.Union:
+                    IList<Schema> subs = ((UnionSchema)sc).Schemas;
+                    Symbol[] symbols = new Symbol[subs.Count];
+                    string[] labels = new string[subs.Count];
+
+                    int i = 0;
+                    foreach (Schema b in ((UnionSchema)sc).Schemas)
+                    {
+                        symbols[i] = Generate(b, seen);
+                        labels[i] = b.Fullname;
+                        i++;
+                    }
+
+                    return Symbol.NewSeq(Symbol.NewAlt(symbols, labels), Symbol.Union);
+                case Schema.Type.Logical:
+                    return Generate((sc as LogicalSchema).BaseSchema, seen);
+                default:
+                    throw new Exception("Unexpected schema type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A wrapper around Schema that does "==" equality.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected class LitS
+        {
+            private readonly Schema actual;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="LitS"/> class.
+            /// </summary>
+            public LitS(Schema actual)
+            {
+                this.actual = actual;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Two LitS are equal if and only if their underlying schema is the same (not
+            /// merely equal).
+            /// </summary>
+            public override bool Equals(object o)
+            {
+                if (o is null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (Object.ReferenceEquals(this, o))
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                if (GetType() != o.GetType())
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                return actual.Equals(((LitS)o).actual);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns the hash code for the current <see cref="LitS" />.
+            /// </summary>
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return actual.GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingDecoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingDecoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce327613306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingDecoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using Avro.IO.Parsing;
+
+namespace Avro.IO
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base class for a <see cref="Parsing.Parser"/>-based
+    /// <see cref="Decoder"/>s.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class ParsingDecoder : Decoder, Parser.IActionHandler, SkipParser.ISkipHandler
+    {
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void ReadNull();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract bool ReadBoolean();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract int ReadInt();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract long ReadLong();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract float ReadFloat();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract double ReadDouble();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract byte[] ReadBytes();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract string ReadString();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract int ReadEnum();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract long ReadArrayStart();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract long ReadArrayNext();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract long ReadMapStart();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract long ReadMapNext();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract int ReadUnionIndex();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void ReadFixed(byte[] buffer);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void ReadFixed(byte[] buffer, int start, int length);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipNull();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipBoolean();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipInt();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipLong();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipFloat();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipDouble();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipBytes();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipString();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipEnum();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipUnionIndex();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void SkipFixed(int len);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///  Skips an array on the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract void SkipArray();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///  Skips a map on the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract void SkipMap();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract Symbol DoAction(Symbol input, Symbol top);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The parser.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected readonly SkipParser Parser;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ParsingDecoder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected ParsingDecoder(Symbol root)
+        {
+            Parser = new SkipParser(root, this, this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///  Skips a fixed type on the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected abstract void SkipFixed();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual void SkipAction()
+        {
+            Parser.PopSymbol();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual void SkipTopSymbol()
+        {
+            Symbol top = Parser.TopSymbol();
+            if (top == Symbol.Null)
+            {
+                ReadNull();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Boolean)
+            {
+                ReadBoolean();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Int)
+            {
+                ReadInt();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Long)
+            {
+                ReadLong();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Float)
+            {
+                ReadFloat();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Double)
+            {
+                ReadDouble();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.String)
+            {
+                SkipString();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Bytes)
+            {
+                SkipBytes();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Enum)
+            {
+                ReadEnum();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Fixed)
+            {
+                SkipFixed();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.Union)
+            {
+                ReadUnionIndex();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.ArrayStart)
+            {
+                SkipArray();
+            }
+            else if (top == Symbol.MapStart)
+            {
+                SkipMap();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingEncoder.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingEncoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..637a6e3465a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/ParsingEncoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Avro.IO
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base class for a <see cref="Parsing.Parser"/>-based
+    /// <see cref="Encoder"/>s.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class ParsingEncoder : Encoder
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tracks the number of items that remain to be written in the collections
+        /// (array or map).
+        /// </summary>
+        private long[] counts = new long[10];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Position into the counts stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected int Pos = -1;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteNull();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteBoolean(bool value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteInt(int value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteLong(long value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteFloat(float value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteDouble(double value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteBytes(byte[] value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteBytes(byte[] value, int offset, int length);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteString(string value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteEnum(int value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteArrayStart();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteArrayEnd();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteMapStart();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteMapEnd();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteUnionIndex(int value);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteFixed(byte[] data);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void WriteFixed(byte[] data, int start, int len);
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public abstract void Flush();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual void SetItemCount(long value)
+        {
+            if (counts[Pos] != 0)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Incorrect number of items written. " + counts[Pos] +
+                                            " more required.");
+            }
+
+            counts[Pos] = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual void StartItem()
+        {
+            counts[Pos]--;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Push a new collection on to the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void Push()
+        {
+            if (++Pos == counts.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref counts, Pos + 10);
+            }
+
+            counts[Pos] = 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Pop a new collection on to the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void Pop()
+        {
+            if (counts[Pos] != 0)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("Incorrect number of items written. " + counts[Pos] + " more required.");
+            }
+
+            Pos--;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the position into the stack.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected int Depth()
+        {
+            return Pos;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Resolver.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Resolver.cs
index c77aca7698d..60d7966cfea 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Resolver.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/IO/Resolver.cs
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ public static void EncodeDefaultValue(Encoder enc, Schema schema, JToken jtok)
                     EncodeDefaultValue(enc, (schema as UnionSchema).Schemas[0], jtok);
                     break;
 
+                case Schema.Type.Logical:
+                    EncodeDefaultValue(enc, (schema as LogicalSchema).BaseSchema, jtok);
+                    break;
+
                 default:
                     throw new AvroException("Unsupported schema type " + schema.Tag);
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Message.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Message.cs
index 732438c9370..19cc61c84fe 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Message.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Message.cs
@@ -198,12 +198,10 @@ public override bool Equals(Object obj)
         /// <returns></returns>
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             return Name.GetHashCode() +
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
-                   Request.GetHashCode() +
-                  (Response == null ? 0 : Response.GetHashCode()) +
-                  (Error == null ? 0 : Error.GetHashCode());
+                Request.GetHashCode() +
+                (Response == null ? 0 : Response.GetHashCode()) +
+                (Error == null ? 0 : Error.GetHashCode());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Protocol.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Protocol.cs
index 1f5b5410605..94ae1268a0d 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Protocol.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Protocol/Protocol.cs
@@ -269,10 +269,8 @@ private bool MessagesEquals(IDictionary<string, Message> that)
         /// <returns></returns>
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             return Name.GetHashCode() + Namespace.GetHashCode() +
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
-                   GetTypesHashCode() + GetMessagesHashCode();
+                GetTypesHashCode() + GetMessagesHashCode();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -295,9 +293,10 @@ private int GetMessagesHashCode()
         {
             int hash = Messages.Count;
             foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Message> pair in Messages)
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
+            {
                 hash += pair.Key.GetHashCode() + pair.Value.GetHashCode();
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
+            }
+
             return hash;
         }
     }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ArraySchemaExtensions.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ArraySchemaExtensions.cs
index 33ae5f55682..10466cc8ae6 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ArraySchemaExtensions.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ArraySchemaExtensions.cs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public static class ArraySchemaExtensions
         /// Return the name of the array helper
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="ars">this</param>
-        /// <returns>value of the helper metadata - null if it isnt present</returns>
+        /// <returns>value of the helper metadata - null if it isn't present</returns>
         public static string GetHelper(this ArraySchema ars)
         {
             string s = null;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ClassCache.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ClassCache.cs
index 430efffbf03..a64e06d2609 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ClassCache.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ClassCache.cs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public static void AddDefaultConverter<TAvro, TProperty>(Func<TAvro, Schema, TPr
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="tag"></param>
         /// <param name="propType"></param>
-        /// <returns>The first matching converter - null if there isnt one</returns>
+        /// <returns>The first matching converter - null if there isn't one</returns>
         public IAvroFieldConverter GetDefaultConverter(Avro.Schema.Type tag, Type propType)
         {
             Type avroType;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public void AddArrayHelper(string name, Type helperType)
         public ArrayHelper GetArrayHelper(ArraySchema schema, IEnumerable enumerable)
         {
             Type h;
-            // note ArraySchema is unamed and doesnt have a FulllName, use "helper" metadata
+            // note ArraySchema is unnamed and doesn't have a FulllName, use "helper" metadata
             // metadata is json string, strip quotes
             string s = null;
             s = schema.GetHelper();
@@ -263,17 +263,27 @@ public void LoadClassCache(Type objType, Schema s)
                     EnumCache.AddEnumNameMapItem(ns, objType);
                     break;
                 case UnionSchema us:
-                    if (us.Schemas.Count == 2 && (us.Schemas[0].Tag == Schema.Type.Null || us.Schemas[1].Tag == Schema.Type.Null) && objType.IsClass)
+                    if (us.Schemas.Count == 2 && (us.Schemas[0].Tag == Schema.Type.Null || us.Schemas[1].Tag == Schema.Type.Null))
                     {
                         // in this case objType will match the non null type in the union
                         foreach (var o in us.Schemas)
                         {
-                            if (o.Tag != Schema.Type.Null)
+                            if (o.Tag == Schema.Type.Null)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            if (objType.IsClass)
                             {
                                 LoadClassCache(objType, o);
                             }
-                        }
 
+                            var innerType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(objType);
+                            if (innerType != null && innerType.IsEnum)
+                            {
+                                LoadClassCache(innerType, o);
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
                     else
                     {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetClass.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetClass.cs
index 5bef040f631..78eaca52224 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetClass.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetClass.cs
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ public DotnetClass(Type t, RecordSchema r, ClassCache cache)
                     if (avroAttr != null)
                     {
                         hasAttribute = true;
-                        _propertyMap.TryAdd(f.Name, new DotnetProperty(prop, f.Schema.Tag, avroAttr.Converter, cache));
+                        _propertyMap.TryAdd(f.Name, new DotnetProperty(prop, f.Schema, avroAttr.Converter, cache));
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
                 if (!hasAttribute)
                 {
-                    _propertyMap.TryAdd(f.Name, new DotnetProperty(prop, f.Schema.Tag, cache));
+                    _propertyMap.TryAdd(f.Name, new DotnetProperty(prop, f.Schema, cache));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ private PropertyInfo GetPropertyInfo(Field f)
                 }
             }
 
-            throw new AvroException($"Class {_type.Name} doesnt contain property {f.Name}");
+            throw new AvroException($"Class {_type.Name} doesn't contain property {f.Name}");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public object GetValue(object o, Field f)
             DotnetProperty p;
             if (!_propertyMap.TryGetValue(f.Name, out p))
             {
-                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesnt contain property {f.Name}");
+                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesn't contain property {f.Name}");
             }
 
             return p.GetValue(o, f.Schema);
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ public object GetValue(object o, Field f)
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="o">the object</param>
         /// <param name="f">field schema</param>
-        /// <param name="v">value for the proprty referenced by the field schema</param>
+        /// <param name="v">value for the property referenced by the field schema</param>
         public void SetValue(object o, Field f, object v)
         {
             DotnetProperty p;
             if (!_propertyMap.TryGetValue(f.Name, out p))
             {
-                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesnt contain property {f.Name}");
+                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesn't contain property {f.Name}");
             }
 
             p.SetValue(o, v, f.Schema);
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public Type GetPropertyType(Field f)
             DotnetProperty p;
             if (!_propertyMap.TryGetValue(f.Name, out p))
             {
-                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesnt contain property {f.Name}");
+                throw new AvroException($"ByPosClass doesn't contain property {f.Name}");
             }
 
             return p.GetPropertyType();
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetProperty.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetProperty.cs
index 4ddcdc69df0..42ae766bd23 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetProperty.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/DotnetProperty.cs
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ internal class DotnetProperty
 
         public IAvroFieldConverter Converter { get; set; }
 
-        private bool IsPropertyCompatible(Avro.Schema.Type schemaTag)
+        private bool IsPropertyCompatible(Avro.Schema schema)
         {
             Type propType;
+            var schemaTag = schema.Tag;
 
             if (Converter == null)
             {
@@ -74,21 +75,25 @@ private bool IsPropertyCompatible(Avro.Schema.Type schemaTag)
                     return propType == typeof(byte[]);
                 case Avro.Schema.Type.Error:
                     return propType.IsClass;
+                case Avro.Schema.Type.Logical:
+                    var logicalSchema = (LogicalSchema)schema;
+                    var type = logicalSchema.LogicalType.GetCSharpType(false);
+                    return type == propType;
             }
 
             return false;
         }
 
-        public DotnetProperty(PropertyInfo property, Avro.Schema.Type schemaTag,  IAvroFieldConverter converter, ClassCache cache)
+        public DotnetProperty(PropertyInfo property, Avro.Schema schema, IAvroFieldConverter converter, ClassCache cache)
         {
             _property = property;
             Converter = converter;
 
-            if (!IsPropertyCompatible(schemaTag))
+            if (!IsPropertyCompatible(schema))
             {
                 if (Converter == null)
                 {
-                    var c = cache.GetDefaultConverter(schemaTag, _property.PropertyType);
+                    var c = cache.GetDefaultConverter(schema.Tag, _property.PropertyType);
                     if (c != null)
                     {
                         Converter = c;
@@ -96,12 +101,12 @@ public DotnetProperty(PropertyInfo property, Avro.Schema.Type schemaTag,  IAvroF
                     }
                 }
 
-                throw new AvroException($"Property {property.Name} in object {property.DeclaringType} isn't compatible with Avro schema type {schemaTag}");
+                throw new AvroException($"Property {property.Name} in object {property.DeclaringType} isn't compatible with Avro schema type {schema.Tag}");
             }
         }
 
-        public DotnetProperty(PropertyInfo property, Avro.Schema.Type schemaTag, ClassCache cache)
-            : this(property, schemaTag, null, cache)
+        public DotnetProperty(PropertyInfo property, Avro.Schema schema, ClassCache cache)
+            : this(property, schema, null, cache)
         {
         }
 
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/EnumCache.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/EnumCache.cs
index 7fbfc998d12..463758915f4 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/EnumCache.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/EnumCache.cs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public static Type GetEnumeration(NamedSchema schema)
             Type t;
             if (!_nameEnumMap.TryGetValue(schema.Fullname, out t))
             {
-                throw new AvroException($"Couldnt find enumeration for avro fullname: {schema.Fullname}");
+                throw new AvroException($"Couldn't find enumeration for avro fullname: {schema.Fullname}");
             }
 
             return t;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/README.md b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/README.md
index 3573c6a309e..e3cb2e4cc48 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/README.md
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/README.md
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # Namespace Avro.Reflect
 
-This namespace contains classes that implement Avro serialization and deserialization for plain C# objects. The classes use .net reflection to implement the serializers. The interface is similar to the Generic and Specific serialiation classes.
+This namespace contains classes that implement Avro serialization and deserialization for plain C# objects. The classes use .net reflection to implement the serializers. The interface is similar to the Generic and Specific serialization classes.
 
 ## Serialization
 
 The approach starts with the schema and iterates both the schema and the dotnet type together in a depth first manner per the specification. Serialization is the same as the Generic serializer except where the serializer encounters:
 - *A fixed type*: if the corresponding dotnet object type is a byte[] of the correct length then the object is serialized, otherwise an exception is thrown.
-- *A record type*: the serializer matches the schema property name to the dotnet object property name and then reursively serializes the schema property and the dotnet object property
+- *A record type*: the serializer matches the schema property name to the dotnet object property name and then recursively serializes the schema property and the dotnet object property
 - *An array type*: See array serialization/deserialization.
 
 Basic serialization is performed as in the following example:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ You might want to do this if your class contains interfaces and/or if you use an
 
 See the section on Arrays. The ArrayHelper specifies the type of object created when an array is deserialized. The default is List\<T>.
 
-The type created for Map objects is specified by the Deserializer property MapType. *This must be a two (or more) parameter generic type where the first type paramater is string and the second is undefined* e.g. Dictionary<string,>. 
+The type created for Map objects is specified by the Deserializer property MapType. *This must be a two (or more) parameter generic type where the first type parameter is string and the second is undefined* e.g. Dictionary<string,>. 
 ```csharp
 public Type MapType { get; set; }
 ```
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultReader.cs
index 676d9f39d7b..034cb89f88e 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultReader.cs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class ReflectDefaultReader : SpecificDefaultReader
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Delegate to a factory method to create objects of type x. If you are deserializing to interfaces
-        /// you could use an IoC container factory insread of the default. Default is Activator.CreateInstance()
+        /// you could use an IoC container factory instead of the default. Default is Activator.CreateInstance()
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public Func<Type, object> RecordFactory { get => _recordFactory; set => _recordFactory = value; }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ internal Type GetTypeFromSchema(Schema schema, bool nullable)
                         throw new Exception("Unable to cast schema into a union schema");
                     }
 
-                    Schema nullibleType = CodeGen.getNullableType(unionSchema);
+                    Schema nullibleType = CodeGen.GetNullableType(unionSchema);
                     if (nullibleType == null)
                     {
                         return typeof(object);
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public object GetDefaultValue(Schema s, JToken defaultValue)
         /// <summary>
         /// Deserializes a enum. Uses CreateEnum to construct the new enum object.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="reuse">If appropirate, uses this instead of creating a new enum object.</param>
+        /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this instead of creating a new enum object.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The schema the writer used while writing the enum</param>
         /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema the reader is using</param>
         /// <param name="d">The decoder for deserialization.</param>
@@ -450,10 +450,10 @@ protected override object ReadRecord(object reuse, RecordSchema writerSchema, Sc
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this object instead of creating a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The FixedSchema the writer used during serialization.</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the readr uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the reader uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
         /// size as the writerSchema.</param>
         /// <param name="d">The decoder for deserialization.</param>
-        /// <returns>The deserilized object.</returns>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object.</returns>
         protected override object ReadFixed(object reuse, FixedSchema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema, Decoder d)
         {
             FixedSchema rs = readerSchema as FixedSchema;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultWriter.cs
index a6397c65001..e5ef4a2124c 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectDefaultWriter.cs
@@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ protected override bool Matches(Schema sc, object obj)
                     return false;   // Union directly within another union not allowed!
                 case Schema.Type.Fixed:
                     return obj is byte[];
+                case Schema.Type.Logical:
+                    return ((LogicalSchema)sc).LogicalType.IsInstanceOfLogicalType(obj);
                 default:
                     throw new AvroException("Unknown schema type: " + sc.Tag);
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectReader.cs
index 0c2df58a9a5..e39e30d32cf 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Reflect/ReflectReader.cs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public ReflectReader(ReflectDefaultReader reader)
         /// Generic read function
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">object to store data read</param>
-        /// <param name="dec">decorder to use for reading data</param>
+        /// <param name="dec">decoder to use for reading data</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public T Read(T reuse, Decoder dec)
         {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public T Read(T reuse, Decoder dec)
         /// <summary>
         /// Generic read function
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="dec">decorder to use for reading data</param>
+        /// <param name="dec">decoder to use for reading data</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public T Read(Decoder dec)
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Aliases.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Aliases.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6574e3163d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Aliases.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Avro
+{
+    internal static class Aliases
+    {
+        internal static IList<SchemaName> GetSchemaNames(IEnumerable<string> aliases, string enclosingTypeName, string enclosingTypeNamespace)
+        {
+            if (aliases == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            SchemaName enclosingSchemaName = new SchemaName(enclosingTypeName, enclosingTypeNamespace, null, null);
+            return aliases.Select(alias => new SchemaName(alias, enclosingSchemaName.Namespace, null, null)).ToList();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/ArraySchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/ArraySchema.cs
index 5b4e6a434e0..7c4d8e1a9c8 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/ArraySchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/ArraySchema.cs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public class ArraySchema : UnnamedSchema
         /// <summary>
         /// Schema for the array 'type' attribute
         /// </summary>
-        public Schema ItemSchema { get; set;  }
+        public Schema ItemSchema { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Static class to return a new instance of ArraySchema
@@ -48,14 +48,25 @@ internal static ArraySchema NewInstance(JToken jtok, PropertyMap props, SchemaNa
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Constructor
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="ArraySchema"/>
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="items">schema for the array items type</param>
-        /// <param name="props">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
-        private ArraySchema(Schema items, PropertyMap props) : base(Type.Array, props)
+        /// <param name="items">Schema for the array items type</param>
+        /// <param name="customAttributes">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static ArraySchema Create(Schema items, PropertyMap customAttributes = null)
+        {
+            return new ArraySchema(items, customAttributes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ArraySchema"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="items">Schema for the array items type</param>
+        /// <param name="customAttributes">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        private ArraySchema(Schema items, PropertyMap customAttributes)
+            : base(Type.Array, customAttributes)
         {
-            if (null == items) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(items));
-            this.ItemSchema = items;
+            ItemSchema = items ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(items));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/EnumSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/EnumSchema.cs
index 3fd14500414..225780310a6 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/EnumSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/EnumSchema.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 
 namespace Avro
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ public class EnumSchema : NamedSchema
         /// <summary>
         /// List of strings representing the enum symbols
         /// </summary>
-        public IList<string> Symbols { get; private set;  }
+        public IList<string> Symbols { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The default token to use when deserializing an enum when the provided token is not found
@@ -47,6 +48,34 @@ public class EnumSchema : NamedSchema
         /// </summary>
         public int Count { get { return Symbols.Count; } }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EnumSchema"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">Name of enum</param>
+        /// <param name="space">Namespace of enum</param>
+        /// <param name="aliases">List of aliases for the name</param>
+        /// <param name="symbols">List of enum symbols</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">Custom properties on this schema</param>
+        /// <param name="doc">Documentation for this named schema</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultSymbol"></param>
+        public static EnumSchema Create(string name,
+            IEnumerable<string> symbols,
+            string space = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> aliases = null,
+            PropertyMap customProperties = null,
+            string doc = null,
+            string defaultSymbol = null)
+        {
+            return new EnumSchema(new SchemaName(name, space, null, doc),
+                  Aliases.GetSchemaNames(aliases, name, space),
+                  symbols.ToList(),
+                  CreateSymbolsMap(symbols),
+                  customProperties,
+                  new SchemaNames(),
+                  doc,
+                  defaultSymbol);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Static function to return new instance of EnumSchema
         /// </summary>
@@ -81,7 +110,7 @@ internal static EnumSchema NewInstance(JToken jtok, PropertyMap props, SchemaNam
                 return new EnumSchema(name, aliases, symbols, symbolMap, props, names,
                     JsonHelper.GetOptionalString(jtok, "doc"), JsonHelper.GetOptionalString(jtok, "default"));
             }
-            catch (SchemaParseException e)
+            catch (AvroException e)
             {
                 throw new SchemaParseException($"{e.Message} at '{jtok.Path}'", e);
             }
@@ -103,15 +132,49 @@ private EnumSchema(SchemaName name, IList<SchemaName> aliases, List<string> symb
                             string doc, string defaultSymbol)
                             : base(Type.Enumeration, name, aliases, props, names, doc)
         {
-            if (null == name.Name) throw new SchemaParseException("name cannot be null for enum schema.");
+            if (null == name.Name) throw new AvroException("name cannot be null for enum schema.");
             this.Symbols = symbols;
             this.symbolMap = symbolMap;
 
             if (null != defaultSymbol && !symbolMap.ContainsKey(defaultSymbol))
-                throw new SchemaParseException($"Default symbol: {defaultSymbol} not found in symbols");
+                throw new AvroException($"Default symbol: {defaultSymbol} not found in symbols");
             Default = defaultSymbol;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates symbols map from specified list of symbols.
+        /// Symbol map contains the names of the symbols and their index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="symbols">List of symbols</param>
+        /// <returns>Symbol map</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="AvroException">Is thrown if the symbols list contains invalid symbol name or duplicate symbols</exception>
+        private static IDictionary<string, int> CreateSymbolsMap(IEnumerable<string> symbols)
+        {
+            IDictionary<string, int> symbolMap = new Dictionary<string, int>();
+            int i = 0;
+            foreach (var symbol in symbols)
+            {
+                ValidateSymbolName(symbol);
+
+                if (symbolMap.ContainsKey(symbol))
+                {
+                    throw new AvroException($"Duplicate symbol: {symbol}");
+                }
+
+                symbolMap[symbol] = i++;
+            }
+
+            return symbolMap;
+        }
+
+        private static void ValidateSymbolName(string symbol)
+        {
+            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(symbol) || !Regex.IsMatch(symbol, "^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)$"))
+            {
+                throw new AvroException($"Invalid symbol name: {symbol}");
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes enum schema in JSON format
         /// </summary>
@@ -127,7 +190,7 @@ protected internal override void WriteJsonFields(Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextWriter
             foreach (string s in this.Symbols)
                 writer.WriteValue(s);
             writer.WriteEndArray();
-            if (null != Default) 
+            if (null != Default)
             {
                 writer.WritePropertyName("default");
                 writer.WriteValue(Default);
@@ -139,16 +202,24 @@ protected internal override void WriteJsonFields(Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextWriter
         /// Throws AvroException if the symbol is not found in this enum.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="symbol">name of the symbol to find</param>
-        /// <returns>position of the given symbol in this enum schema</returns>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// position of the given symbol in this enum schema
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="Avro.AvroException">No such symbol: {symbol}</exception>
         public int Ordinal(string symbol)
         {
             int result;
             if (symbolMap.TryGetValue(symbol, out result))
+            {
                 return result;
-            if (null != Default)
-                return symbolMap[Default];
+            }
+
+            if (Default != null && symbolMap.TryGetValue(Default, out result))
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
 
-            throw new AvroException("No such symbol: " + symbol);
+            throw new AvroException($"No such symbol: {symbol}");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -218,9 +289,11 @@ public override bool Equals(object obj)
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
             int result = SchemaName.GetHashCode() + getHashCode(Props);
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
-            foreach (string s in Symbols) result += 23 * s.GetHashCode();
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
+            foreach (string s in Symbols)
+            {
+                result += 23 * s.GetHashCode();
+            }
+
             return result;
         }
 
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Field.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Field.cs
index bdfe9282cb3..799f265b320 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Field.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Field.cs
@@ -54,18 +54,10 @@ public enum SortOrder
         /// </summary>
         public readonly string Name;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// List of aliases for the field name
-        /// </summary>
-        [Obsolete("Use Aliases instead. This will be removed from the public API in a future version.")]
-        public readonly IList<string> aliases;
-
-#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
         /// <summary>
         /// List of aliases for the field name.
         /// </summary>
-        public IList<string> Aliases => aliases;
-#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
+        public IList<string> Aliases { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Position of the field within its record.
@@ -103,15 +95,42 @@ public enum SortOrder
         /// <summary>
         /// Static comparer object for JSON objects such as the fields default value
         /// </summary>
-        internal static JTokenEqualityComparer JtokenEqual = new JTokenEqualityComparer();
+        internal readonly static JTokenEqualityComparer JtokenEqual = new JTokenEqualityComparer();
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// A flag to indicate if reader schema has a field that is missing from writer schema and has a default value
-        /// This is set in CanRead() which is always be called before deserializing data
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Field"/> class.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schema">schema for the field type.</param>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the field.</param>
+        /// <param name="aliases">list of aliases for the name of the field.</param>
+        /// <param name="pos">position of the field.</param>
+        /// <param name="doc">documentation for the field.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">field's default value if it exists.</param>
+        /// <param name="sortorder">sort order of the field.</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">dictionary that provides access to custom properties.</param>
+        public Field(Schema schema,
+            string name,
+            int pos,
+            IList<string> aliases = null,
+            string doc = null,
+            JToken defaultValue = null,
+            SortOrder sortorder = SortOrder.ignore,
+            PropertyMap customProperties = null)
+            : this(schema, name, aliases, pos, doc, defaultValue, sortorder, customProperties)
+        {
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Constructor for the field class
+        /// Creates a new field based on the specified field, with a different position.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A clone of this field with new position.</returns>
+        internal Field ChangePosition(int newPosition)
+        {
+            return new Field(Schema, Name, newPosition, Aliases, Documentation, DefaultValue, Ordering ?? SortOrder.ignore, Props);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Field"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schema">schema for the field type</param>
         /// <param name="name">name of the field</param>
@@ -121,21 +140,27 @@ public enum SortOrder
         /// <param name="defaultValue">field's default value if it exists</param>
         /// <param name="sortorder">sort order of the field</param>
         /// <param name="props">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
+        /// name - name cannot be null.
+        /// or
+        /// type - type cannot be null.
+        /// </exception>
         internal Field(Schema schema, string name, IList<string> aliases, int pos, string doc,
                         JToken defaultValue, SortOrder sortorder, PropertyMap props)
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name), "name cannot be null.");
-            if (null == schema) throw new ArgumentNullException("type", "type cannot be null.");
-            this.Schema = schema;
-            this.Name = name;
-#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-            this.aliases = aliases;
-#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
-            this.Pos = pos;
-            this.Documentation = doc;
-            this.DefaultValue = defaultValue;
-            this.Ordering = sortorder;
-            this.Props = props;
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name), "name cannot be null.");
+            }
+
+            Schema = schema ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("type", "type cannot be null.");
+            Name = name;
+            Aliases = aliases;
+            Pos = pos;
+            Documentation = doc;
+            DefaultValue = defaultValue;
+            Ordering = sortorder;
+            Props = props;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/FixedSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/FixedSchema.cs
index b16c1ff1dcb..2b24e6b8689 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/FixedSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/FixedSchema.cs
@@ -32,6 +32,20 @@ public class FixedSchema : NamedSchema
         /// </summary>
         public int Size { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FixedSchema"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">Name of the fixed schema</param>
+        /// <param name="aliases">List of aliases for the name</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Fixed size</param>
+        /// <param name="space">Namespace of fixed</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">Custom properties on this schema</param>
+        /// <param name="doc">Documentation for this named schema</param>
+        public static FixedSchema Create(string name, int size, string space = null, IEnumerable<string> aliases = null, PropertyMap customProperties = null, string doc = null)
+        {
+            return new FixedSchema(new SchemaName(name, space, null, doc), Aliases.GetSchemaNames(aliases, name, space), size, customProperties, new SchemaNames(), doc);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Static function to return new instance of the fixed schema class
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/JsonHelper.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/JsonHelper.cs
index 1ca51cb4848..ccdf8f7345a 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/JsonHelper.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/JsonHelper.cs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public static int GetRequiredInteger(JToken jtok, string field)
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="jtok">JSON object to read</param>
         /// <param name="field">property name</param>
-        /// <returns>null if property doesn't exist, otherise returns property boolean value</returns>
+        /// <returns>null if property doesn't exist, otherwise returns property boolean value</returns>
         public static bool? GetOptionalBoolean(JToken jtok, string field)
         {
             if (null == jtok) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(jtok), "jtok cannot be null.");
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/LogicalSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/LogicalSchema.cs
index 3c1928ee47f..181260f2ca2 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/LogicalSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/LogicalSchema.cs
@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ internal static LogicalSchema NewInstance(JToken jtok, PropertyMap props, Schema
 
         private LogicalSchema(Schema baseSchema, string logicalTypeName,  PropertyMap props) : base(Type.Logical, props)
         {
-            if (null == baseSchema) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(baseSchema));
-            BaseSchema = baseSchema;
+            BaseSchema = baseSchema ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(baseSchema));
             LogicalTypeName = logicalTypeName;
             LogicalType = LogicalTypeFactory.Instance.GetFromLogicalSchema(this);
         }
@@ -76,6 +75,18 @@ protected internal override void WriteJson(Newtonsoft.Json.JsonTextWriter writer
             writer.WriteEndObject();
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string Name
+        {
+            get { return BaseSchema.Name; }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string Fullname
+        {
+            get { return BaseSchema.Fullname; }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Checks if this schema can read data written by the given schema. Used for decoding data.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/MapSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/MapSchema.cs
index 54bc05a8d31..a1a6a4222b9 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/MapSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/MapSchema.cs
@@ -36,10 +36,11 @@ public class MapSchema : UnnamedSchema
         /// Creates a new <see cref="MapSchema"/> from the given schema.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="type">Schema to create the map schema from.</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
         /// <returns>A new <see cref="MapSchema"/>.</returns>
-        public static MapSchema CreateMap(Schema type)
+        public static MapSchema CreateMap(Schema type, PropertyMap customProperties = null)
         {
-            return new MapSchema(type,null);
+            return new MapSchema(type, customProperties);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -67,12 +68,12 @@ internal static MapSchema NewInstance(JToken jtok, PropertyMap props, SchemaName
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructor for map schema class
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="valueSchema">schema for map values type</param>
-        /// <param name="props">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
-        private MapSchema(Schema valueSchema, PropertyMap props) : base(Type.Map, props)
+        /// <param name="valueSchema">Schema for map values type</param>
+        /// <param name="cutsomProperties">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        private MapSchema(Schema valueSchema, PropertyMap cutsomProperties)
+            : base(Type.Map, cutsomProperties)
         {
-            if (null == valueSchema) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(valueSchema), "valueSchema cannot be null.");
-            this.ValueSchema = valueSchema;
+            ValueSchema = valueSchema ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(valueSchema), "valueSchema cannot be null.");
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/PrimitiveSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/PrimitiveSchema.cs
index 1a55c2ff863..db5db2cb03e 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/PrimitiveSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/PrimitiveSchema.cs
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
 namespace Avro
@@ -31,11 +30,23 @@ public sealed class PrimitiveSchema : UnnamedSchema
         /// Constructor for primitive schema
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="type"></param>
-        /// <param name="props">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
-        private PrimitiveSchema(Type type, PropertyMap props) : base(type, props)
+        /// <param name="customProperties">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        private PrimitiveSchema(Type type, PropertyMap customProperties)
+            : base(type, customProperties)
         {
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="PrimitiveSchema"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">The primitive type to create</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static PrimitiveSchema Create(Type type, PropertyMap customProperties = null)
+        {
+            return new PrimitiveSchema(type, customProperties);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Static function to return new instance of primitive schema
         /// </summary>
@@ -82,7 +93,22 @@ public static PrimitiveSchema NewInstance(string type, PropertyMap props = null)
         /// <param name="encspace"></param>
         protected internal override void WriteJson(JsonTextWriter w, SchemaNames names, string encspace)
         {
-            w.WriteValue(Name);
+            if(this.Props?.Any() == true)
+            {
+                w.WriteStartObject();
+                w.WritePropertyName("type");
+                w.WriteValue(Name);
+                foreach(var prop in Props)
+                {
+                    w.WritePropertyName(prop.Key);
+                    w.WriteRawValue(prop.Value);
+                }
+                w.WriteEndObject();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                w.WriteValue(Name);
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Property.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Property.cs
index f4240721f1a..1774bebff87 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Property.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Property.cs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class PropertyMap : Dictionary<string, string>
         /// Parses the custom properties from the given JSON object and stores them
         /// into the schema's list of custom properties
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="jtok">JSON object to prase</param>
+        /// <param name="jtok">JSON object to parse</param>
         public void Parse(JToken jtok)
         {
             JObject jo = jtok as JObject;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/RecordSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/RecordSchema.cs
index 6f01d0ca898..910bc466fe9 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/RecordSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/RecordSchema.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 
 namespace Avro
@@ -28,10 +29,26 @@ namespace Avro
     /// </summary>
     public class RecordSchema : NamedSchema
     {
+        private List<Field> _fields;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// List of fields in the record
         /// </summary>
-        public List<Field> Fields { get; private set; }
+        public List<Field> Fields
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _fields;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                _fields = SetFieldsPositions(value);
+
+                fieldLookup = CreateFieldMap(_fields);
+                fieldAliasLookup = CreateFieldMap(_fields, true);
+            }
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Number of fields in the record
@@ -41,10 +58,109 @@ public class RecordSchema : NamedSchema
         /// <summary>
         /// Map of field name and Field object for faster field lookups
         /// </summary>
-        private readonly IDictionary<string, Field> fieldLookup;
+        private IDictionary<string, Field> fieldLookup;
 
-        private readonly IDictionary<string, Field> fieldAliasLookup;
-        private bool request;
+        private IDictionary<string, Field> fieldAliasLookup;
+        private readonly bool request;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="RecordSchema"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the record schema</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">list of fields for the record</param>
+        /// <param name="space">type of record schema, either record or error</param>
+        /// <param name="aliases">list of aliases for the record name</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">custom properties on this schema</param>
+        /// <param name="doc">documentation for this named schema</param>
+        public static RecordSchema Create(string name,
+            List<Field> fields,
+            string space = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> aliases = null,
+            PropertyMap customProperties = null,
+            string doc = null)
+        {
+            return new RecordSchema(Type.Record,
+                  new SchemaName(name, space, null, doc),
+                  Aliases.GetSchemaNames(aliases, name, space),
+                  customProperties,
+                  fields,
+                  false,
+                  CreateFieldMap(fields),
+                  CreateFieldMap(fields, true),
+                  new SchemaNames(),
+                  doc);
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Schema> EnumerateSchemasRecursive(Schema schema)
+        {
+            yield return schema;
+            switch (schema.Tag)
+            {
+                case Type.Null:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Boolean:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Int:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Long:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Float:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Double:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Bytes:
+                    break;
+                case Type.String:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Record:
+                    var recordSchema = (RecordSchema)schema;
+                    recordSchema.Fields.SelectMany(f => EnumerateSchemasRecursive(f.Schema));
+                    break;
+                case Type.Enumeration:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Array:
+                    var arraySchema = (ArraySchema)schema;
+                    EnumerateSchemasRecursive(arraySchema.ItemSchema);
+                    break;
+                case Type.Map:
+                    var mapSchema = (MapSchema)schema;
+                    EnumerateSchemasRecursive(mapSchema.ValueSchema);
+                    break;
+                case Type.Union:
+                    var unionSchema = (UnionSchema)schema;
+                    foreach (var innerSchema in unionSchema.Schemas)
+                    {
+                        EnumerateSchemasRecursive(innerSchema);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case Type.Fixed:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Error:
+                    break;
+                case Type.Logical:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static IDictionary<string, Field> CreateFieldMap(List<Field> fields, bool includeAliases = false)
+        {
+            var map = new Dictionary<string, Field>();
+            if (fields != null)
+            {
+                foreach (Field field in fields)
+                {
+                    addToFieldMap(map, field.Name, field);
+
+                    if (includeAliases && field.Aliases != null)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var alias in field.Aliases)
+                            addToFieldMap(map, alias, field);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return map;
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Static function to return new instance of the record schema
@@ -99,8 +215,10 @@ internal static RecordSchema NewInstance(Type type, JToken jtok, PropertyMap pro
                     if (null != field.Aliases)    // add aliases to field lookup map so reader function will find it when writer field name appears only as an alias on the reader field
                         foreach (string alias in field.Aliases)
                             addToFieldMap(fieldAliasMap, alias, field);
+
+                    result._fields = fields;
                 }
-                catch (SchemaParseException e)
+                catch (AvroException e)
                 {
                     throw new SchemaParseException($"{e.Message} at '{jfield.Path}'", e);
                 }
@@ -121,7 +239,7 @@ internal static RecordSchema NewInstance(Type type, JToken jtok, PropertyMap pro
         /// <param name="fieldAliasMap">map of field aliases and field objects</param>
         /// <param name="names">list of named schema already read</param>
         /// <param name="doc">documentation for this named schema</param>
-        private RecordSchema(Type type, SchemaName name, IList<SchemaName> aliases,  PropertyMap props,
+        private RecordSchema(Type type, SchemaName name, IList<SchemaName> aliases, PropertyMap props,
                                 List<Field> fields, bool request, IDictionary<string, Field> fieldMap,
                                 IDictionary<string, Field> fieldAliasMap, SchemaNames names, string doc)
                                 : base(type, name, aliases, props, names, doc)
@@ -149,7 +267,7 @@ private static Field createField(JToken jfield, int pos, SchemaNames names, stri
             var jorder = JsonHelper.GetOptionalString(jfield, "order");
             Field.SortOrder sortorder = Field.SortOrder.ignore;
             if (null != jorder)
-                sortorder = (Field.SortOrder) Enum.Parse(typeof(Field.SortOrder), jorder);
+                sortorder = (Field.SortOrder)Enum.Parse(typeof(Field.SortOrder), jorder);
 
             var aliases = Field.GetAliases(jfield);
             var props = Schema.GetProperties(jfield);
@@ -165,10 +283,20 @@ private static Field createField(JToken jfield, int pos, SchemaNames names, stri
         private static void addToFieldMap(Dictionary<string, Field> map, string name, Field field)
         {
             if (map.ContainsKey(name))
-                throw new SchemaParseException("field or alias " + name + " is a duplicate name");
+                throw new AvroException("field or alias " + name + " is a duplicate name");
             map.Add(name, field);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clones the fields with updated positions. Updates the positions according to the order of the fields in the list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fields">List of fields</param>
+        /// <returns>New list of cloned fields with updated positions</returns>
+        private List<Field> SetFieldsPositions(List<Field> fields)
+        {
+            return fields.Select((field, i) => field.ChangePosition(i)).ToList();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Returns the field with the given name.
         /// </summary>
@@ -354,9 +482,9 @@ public RecordSchemaPair(RecordSchema first, RecordSchema second)
          * we can detect it.
          *
          * The infinite loop happens in ToString(), Equals() and GetHashCode() methods.
-         * Though it does not happen for CanRead() because of the current implemenation of UnionSchema's can read,
-         * it could potenitally happen.
-         * We do a linear seach for the marker as we don't expect the list to be very long.
+         * Though it does not happen for CanRead() because of the current implementation of UnionSchema's can read,
+         * it could potentially happen.
+         * We do a linear search for the marker as we don't expect the list to be very long.
          */
         private T protect<T>(Function<T> bypass, Function<T> main, RecordSchema that)
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Schema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Schema.cs
index d14b016dcab..3e54653f015 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Schema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/Schema.cs
@@ -196,14 +196,26 @@ internal static Schema ParseJson(JToken jtok, SchemaNames names, string encspace
                         return LogicalSchema.NewInstance(jtok, props, names, encspace);
 
                     Schema schema = PrimitiveSchema.NewInstance((string)type, props);
-                    if (null != schema) return schema;
+                    if (null != schema)
+                        return schema;
 
                     return NamedSchema.NewInstance(jo, props, names, encspace);
                 }
                 else if (jtype.Type == JTokenType.Array)
                     return UnionSchema.NewInstance(jtype as JArray, props, names, encspace);
-                else if (jtype.Type == JTokenType.Object && null != jo["logicalType"]) // logical type based on a complex type
-                    return LogicalSchema.NewInstance(jtok, props, names, encspace);
+                else if (jtype.Type == JTokenType.Object)
+                {
+                    if (null != jo["logicalType"]) // logical type based on a complex type
+                    {
+                        return LogicalSchema.NewInstance(jtok, props, names, encspace);
+                    }
+
+                    var schema = ParseJson(jtype, names, encspace); // primitive schemas are allowed to have additional metadata properties
+                    if (schema is PrimitiveSchema)
+                    {
+                        return schema;
+                    }
+                }
             }
             throw new AvroTypeException($"Invalid JSON for schema: {jtok} at '{jtok.Path}'");
         }
@@ -369,5 +381,91 @@ protected static int getHashCode(object obj)
         {
             return obj == null ? 0 : obj.GetHashCode();
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the Schema.Type from a string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">The type to convert.</param>
+        /// <param name="removeQuotes">if set to <c>true</c> [remove quotes].</param>
+        /// <returns>A Schema.Type unless it could not parse then null</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// usage ParseType("string") returns Schema.Type.String
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static Schema.Type? ParseType(string type, bool removeQuotes = false)
+        {
+            string newValue = removeQuotes ? RemoveQuotes(type) : type;
+
+            switch (newValue)
+            {
+                case "null":
+                    return Schema.Type.Null;
+
+                case "boolean":
+                    return Schema.Type.Boolean;
+
+                case "int":
+                    return Schema.Type.Int;
+
+                case "long":
+                    return Schema.Type.Long;
+
+                case "float":
+                    return Schema.Type.Float;
+
+                case "double":
+                    return Schema.Type.Double;
+
+                case "bytes":
+                    return Schema.Type.Bytes;
+
+                case "string":
+                    return Schema.Type.String;
+
+                case "record":
+                    return Schema.Type.Record;
+
+                case "enumeration":
+                    return Schema.Type.Enumeration;
+
+                case "array":
+                    return Schema.Type.Array;
+
+                case "map":
+                    return Schema.Type.Map;
+
+                case "union":
+                    return Schema.Type.Union;
+
+                case "fixed":
+                    return Schema.Type.Fixed;
+
+                case "error":
+                    return Schema.Type.Error;
+
+                case "logical":
+                    return Schema.Type.Logical;
+
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the quotes from the first position and last position of the string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// If string has a quote at the beginning and the end it removes them,
+        /// otherwise it returns the original string
+        /// </returns>
+        private static string RemoveQuotes(string value)
+        {
+            if(value.StartsWith("\"") && value.EndsWith("\""))
+            {
+                return value.Substring(1, value.Length - 2);
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaName.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaName.cs
index 20cc1b43d89..7716d7a55ff 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaName.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaName.cs
@@ -64,31 +64,30 @@ public class SchemaName
         /// <param name="name">name of the schema</param>
         /// <param name="space">namespace of the schema</param>
         /// <param name="encspace">enclosing namespace of the schema</param>
-        /// <param name="documentation">documentation o fthe schema</param>
-        public SchemaName(String name, String space, String encspace, String documentation)
+        /// <param name="documentation">documentation of the schema</param>
+        public SchemaName(string name, string space, string encspace, string documentation)
         {
             if (name == null)
             {                         // anonymous
-                this.Name = this.Space = null;
-                this.EncSpace = encspace;   // need to save enclosing namespace for anonymous types, so named types within the anonymous type can be resolved
+                Name = Space = null;
+                EncSpace = encspace;   // need to save enclosing namespace for anonymous types, so named types within the anonymous type can be resolved
             }
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             else if (!name.Contains("."))
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             {                          // unqualified name
-                this.Space = space;    // use default space
-                this.Name = name;
-                this.EncSpace = encspace;
+                Space = space;    // use default space
+                Name = name;
+                EncSpace = encspace;
             }
             else
             {
                 string[] parts = name.Split('.');
-                this.Space = string.Join(".", parts, 0, parts.Length - 1);
-                this.Name = parts[parts.Length - 1];
-                this.EncSpace = encspace;
+                Space = string.Join(".", parts, 0, parts.Length - 1);
+                Name = parts[parts.Length - 1];
+                EncSpace = encspace;
             }
-            this.Documentation = documentation;
-            fullName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(Namespace) ? this.Name : Namespace + "." + this.Name;
+
+            Documentation = documentation;
+            fullName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(Namespace) ? Name : Namespace + "." + Name;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -149,9 +148,7 @@ private static bool areEqual(object obj1, object obj2)
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override int GetHashCode()
         {
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
             return string.IsNullOrEmpty(Fullname) ? 0 : 29 * Fullname.GetHashCode();
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaNormalization.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaNormalization.cs
index 3b12d04ec52..d6c5a45cf12 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaNormalization.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/SchemaNormalization.cs
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 namespace Avro
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Collection of static methods for generating the cannonical form of schemas.
+    /// Collection of static methods for generating the canonical form of schemas.
     /// </summary>
     public static class SchemaNormalization
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Obsolete: This will be removed from the public API in a future version.
-        /// This should be a private const field, similar to the Java implementation. It appears
+        /// This should be a private constant field, similar to the Java implementation. It appears
         /// that this was originally exposed for unit tests. Unit tests should hard-code this value
         /// rather than access it here.
         ///
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public static string ToParsingForm(Schema s)
         /// not recognized and an
         /// <code>ArgumentException</code> is thrown
         /// </para>
-        /// <para> Recommended Avro practice dictiates that
+        /// <para> Recommended Avro practice dictates that
         /// <code>"CRC-64-AVRO"</code> is used for 64-bit fingerprints,
         /// <code>"MD5"</code> is used for 128-bit fingerprints, and
         /// <code>"SHA-256"</code> is used for 256-bit fingerprints.
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/UnionSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/UnionSchema.cs
index 0ffb5e091f7..af9ba758363 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/UnionSchema.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Schema/UnionSchema.cs
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
-using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
 namespace Avro
 {
@@ -67,15 +66,28 @@ internal static UnionSchema NewInstance(JArray jarr, PropertyMap props, SchemaNa
             return new UnionSchema(schemas, props);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="UnionSchema"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schemas">The union schemas</param>
+        /// <param name="customProperties">Dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        /// <returns>New <see cref="UnionSchema"/></returns>
+        public static UnionSchema Create(List<Schema> schemas, PropertyMap customProperties = null)
+        {
+            return new UnionSchema(schemas, customProperties);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Contructor for union schema
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schemas"></param>
-        /// <param name="props">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
-        private UnionSchema(List<Schema> schemas, PropertyMap props) : base(Type.Union, props)
+        /// <param name="customProperties">dictionary that provides access to custom properties</param>
+        private UnionSchema(List<Schema> schemas, PropertyMap customProperties)
+            : base(Type.Union, customProperties)
         {
             if (schemas == null)
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(schemas));
+            VerifyChildSchemas(schemas);
             this.Schemas = schemas;
         }
 
@@ -115,8 +127,21 @@ public int MatchingBranch(Schema s)
         {
             if (s is UnionSchema) throw new AvroException("Cannot find a match against union schema");
             // Try exact match.
-            //for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++) if (Schemas[i].Equals(s)) return i; // removed this for performance's sake
-            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++) if (Schemas[i].CanRead(s)) return i;
+            // CanRead might find a compatible schema which can read. e.g. double and long
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (Schemas[i].Equals(s))
+                {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (Schemas[i].CanRead(s))
+                {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -161,5 +186,20 @@ public override int GetHashCode()
             result += getHashCode(Props);
             return result;
         }
+
+        private void VerifyChildSchemas(List<Schema> schemas)
+        {
+            if (schemas.Any(schema => schema.Tag == Type.Union))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Unions may not immediately contain other unions", nameof(schemas));
+            }
+
+            IGrouping<string, Schema> duplicateType = schemas.GroupBy(schema => schema.Fullname).FirstOrDefault(x => x.Count() > 1);
+
+            if (duplicateType != null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Duplicate type in union: {duplicateType.Key}");
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/ObjectCreator.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/ObjectCreator.cs
index e69a490283d..073b107958a 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/ObjectCreator.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/ObjectCreator.cs
@@ -58,13 +58,6 @@ public sealed class ObjectCreator
         private readonly Assembly entryAssembly;
         private readonly bool diffAssembly;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Obsolete: This will be removed from the public API in a future version.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Obsolete</returns>
-        [Obsolete("This will be removed from the public API in a future version.")]
-        public delegate object CtorDelegate();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ObjectCreator"/> class.
         /// </summary>
@@ -78,57 +71,6 @@ public ObjectCreator()
             diffAssembly = entryAssembly != null && execAssembly != entryAssembly;
         }
 
-#pragma warning disable CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member
-#pragma warning disable CA1034 // Nested types should not be visible
-#pragma warning disable SA1600 // Elements should be documented
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Obsolete: This will be removed from the public API in a future version.
-        /// </summary>
-        [Obsolete("This will be removed from the public API in a future version.")]
-        public struct NameCtorKey : IEquatable<NameCtorKey>
-        {
-            public string name { get; private set; }
-            public Schema.Type type { get; private set; }
-            public NameCtorKey(string value1, Schema.Type value2)
-                : this()
-            {
-                name = value1;
-                type = value2;
-            }
-            public bool Equals(NameCtorKey other)
-            {
-                return Equals(other.name, name) && other.type == type;
-            }
-            public override bool Equals(object obj)
-            {
-                if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj))
-                    return false;
-                if (obj.GetType() != typeof(NameCtorKey))
-                    return false;
-                return Equals((NameCtorKey)obj);
-            }
-            public override int GetHashCode()
-            {
-                unchecked
-                {
-#pragma warning disable CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
-                    return ((name != null ? name.GetHashCode() : 0) * 397) ^ type.GetHashCode();
-#pragma warning restore CA1307 // Specify StringComparison
-                }
-            }
-            public static bool operator ==(NameCtorKey left, NameCtorKey right)
-            {
-                return left.Equals(right);
-            }
-            public static bool operator !=(NameCtorKey left, NameCtorKey right)
-            {
-                return !left.Equals(right);
-            }
-        }
-#pragma warning restore SA1600 // Elements should be documented
-#pragma warning restore CA1034 // Nested types should not be visible
-#pragma warning restore CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Find the type with the given name
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificDatumWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificDatumWriter.cs
index bfc88847176..c823253692d 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificDatumWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificDatumWriter.cs
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ public void WriteArrayValues(object array, WriteItem valueWriter, Encoder encode
                 var list = (IList) array;
                 for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++ )
                 {
+                    encoder.StartItem();
                     valueWriter(list[i], encoder);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificReader.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificReader.cs
index a8e8e5970bf..1019fa36ced 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificReader.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificReader.cs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public SpecificReader(SpecificDefaultReader reader)
         /// Generic read function
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">object to store data read</param>
-        /// <param name="dec">decorder to use for reading data</param>
+        /// <param name="dec">decoder to use for reading data</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public T Read(T reuse, Decoder dec)
         {
@@ -130,20 +130,22 @@ protected override object ReadRecord(object reuse, RecordSchema writerSchema, Sc
                 }
             }
 
-            var defaultStream = new MemoryStream();
-            var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
-            var defaultDecoder = new BinaryDecoder(defaultStream);
-            foreach (Field rf in rs)
+            using (var defaultStream = new MemoryStream())
             {
-                if (writerSchema.Contains(rf.Name)) continue;
+                var defaultEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(defaultStream);
+                var defaultDecoder = new BinaryDecoder(defaultStream);
+                foreach (Field rf in rs)
+                {
+                    if (writerSchema.Contains(rf.Name)) continue;
 
-                defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
-                Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
-                defaultStream.Flush();
-                defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for reading
+                    defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for writing
+                    Resolver.EncodeDefaultValue(defaultEncoder, rf.Schema, rf.DefaultValue);
+                    defaultStream.Flush();
+                    defaultStream.Position = 0; // reset for reading
 
-                obj = rec.Get(rf.Pos);
-                rec.Put(rf.Pos, Read(obj, rf.Schema, rf.Schema, defaultDecoder));
+                    obj = rec.Get(rf.Pos);
+                    rec.Put(rf.Pos, Read(obj, rf.Schema, rf.Schema, defaultDecoder));
+                }
             }
 
             return rec;
@@ -155,10 +157,10 @@ protected override object ReadRecord(object reuse, RecordSchema writerSchema, Sc
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, uses this object instead of creating a new one.</param>
         /// <param name="writerSchema">The FixedSchema the writer used during serialization.</param>
-        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the readr uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
+        /// <param name="readerSchema">The schema that the reader uses. Must be a FixedSchema with the same
         /// size as the writerSchema.</param>
         /// <param name="d">The decoder for deserialization.</param>
-        /// <returns>The deserilized object.</returns>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object.</returns>
         protected override object ReadFixed(object reuse, FixedSchema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema, Decoder d)
         {
             FixedSchema rs = readerSchema as FixedSchema;
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ protected override object ReadArray(object reuse, ArraySchema writerSchema, Sche
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Deserialized an avro map. The default implemenation creats a new map using CreateMap() and then
+        /// Deserialized an avro map. The default implementation creates a new map using CreateMap() and then
         /// adds elements to the map using AddMapEntry().
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="reuse">If appropriate, use this instead of creating a new map object.</param>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificWriter.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificWriter.cs
index b595241f39a..53d6407e947 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificWriter.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Specific/SpecificWriter.cs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ protected override void WriteMap(MapSchema schema, object value, Encoder encoder
             if (map == null)
                 throw new AvroTypeException("Map does not implement non-generic IDictionary");
 
-            encoder.WriteArrayStart();
+            encoder.WriteMapStart();
             encoder.SetItemCount(map.Count);
             foreach (System.Collections.DictionaryEntry de in map)
             {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMicrosecond.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMicrosecond.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36014c97aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMicrosecond.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Avro.Util
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The 'local-timestamp-micros' logical type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LocalTimestampMicrosecond : LogicalUnixEpochType<DateTime>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The logical type name for LocalTimestampMicrosecond.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly string LogicalTypeName = "local-timestamp-micros";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new LocalTimestampMicrosecond logical type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public LocalTimestampMicrosecond()
+            : base(LogicalTypeName)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void ValidateSchema(LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            if (Schema.Type.Long != schema.BaseSchema.Tag)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("'local-timestamp-micros' can only be used with an underlying long type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override object ConvertToBaseValue(object logicalValue, LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            DateTime date = ((DateTime)logicalValue).ToUniversalTime();
+            return (date - UnixEpochDateTime).Ticks / TicksPerMicrosecond;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override object ConvertToLogicalValue(object baseValue, LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            return UnixEpochDateTime.AddTicks((long)baseValue * TicksPerMicrosecond).ToLocalTime();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMillisecond.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMillisecond.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ae86fd087b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LocalTimestampMillisecond.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+
+namespace Avro.Util
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The 'local-timestamp-millis' logical type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LocalTimestampMillisecond : LogicalUnixEpochType<DateTime>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The logical type name for LocalTimestampMillisecond.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly string LogicalTypeName = "local-timestamp-millis";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new LocalTimestampMillisecond logical type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public LocalTimestampMillisecond()
+            : base(LogicalTypeName)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void ValidateSchema(LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            if (Schema.Type.Long != schema.BaseSchema.Tag)
+            {
+                throw new AvroTypeException("'local-timestamp-millis' can only be used with an underlying long type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override object ConvertToBaseValue(object logicalValue, LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            DateTime date = ((DateTime)logicalValue).ToUniversalTime();
+            return (long)(date - UnixEpochDateTime).TotalMilliseconds;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override object ConvertToLogicalValue(object baseValue, LogicalSchema schema)
+        {
+            return UnixEpochDateTime.AddMilliseconds((long)baseValue).ToLocalTime();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalTypeFactory.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalTypeFactory.cs
index e7fa3155641..f4086ab5a27 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalTypeFactory.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalTypeFactory.cs
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ private LogicalTypeFactory()
             {
                 { Decimal.LogicalTypeName, new Decimal() },
                 { Date.LogicalTypeName, new Date() },
+                { LocalTimestampMillisecond.LogicalTypeName, new LocalTimestampMillisecond() },
+                { LocalTimestampMicrosecond.LogicalTypeName, new LocalTimestampMicrosecond() },
                 { TimeMillisecond.LogicalTypeName, new TimeMillisecond() },
                 { TimeMicrosecond.LogicalTypeName, new TimeMicrosecond() },
                 { TimestampMillisecond.LogicalTypeName, new TimestampMillisecond() },
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalUnixEpochType.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalUnixEpochType.cs
index f4187d070ca..f88b733fd35 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalUnixEpochType.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/LogicalUnixEpochType.cs
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ public abstract class LogicalUnixEpochType<T> : LogicalType
         /// </summary>
         protected static readonly DateTime UnixEpochDateTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Number of ticks per microsecond.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected const long TicksPerMicrosecond = TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond / 1000;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes the base logical type.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMicrosecond.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMicrosecond.cs
index f561d6ff8d6..c3226f625ef 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMicrosecond.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMicrosecond.cs
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ namespace Avro.Util
     /// </summary>
     public class TimeMicrosecond : LogicalUnixEpochType<TimeSpan>
     {
-        private static readonly TimeSpan _maxTime = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59);
-        
+        private static readonly TimeSpan _exclusiveUpperBound = TimeSpan.FromDays(1);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The logical type name for TimeMicrosecond.
         /// </summary>
@@ -50,17 +50,29 @@ public override object ConvertToBaseValue(object logicalValue, LogicalSchema sch
         {
             var time = (TimeSpan)logicalValue;
 
-            if (time > _maxTime)
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(logicalValue), "A 'time-micros' value can only have the range '00:00:00' to '23:59:59'.");
+            ThrowIfOutOfRange(time, nameof(logicalValue));
 
-            return (long)(time - UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay).TotalMilliseconds * 1000;
+            // Note: UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay is '00:00:00'. This could be 'return time.Ticks / TicksPerMicrosecond';
+            return (time - UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay).Ticks / TicksPerMicrosecond;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override object ConvertToLogicalValue(object baseValue, LogicalSchema schema)
         {
-            var noMs = (long)baseValue / 1000;
-            return UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay.Add(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(noMs));
+            var time = TimeSpan.FromTicks((long)baseValue * TicksPerMicrosecond);
+
+            ThrowIfOutOfRange(time, nameof(baseValue));
+
+            // Note: UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay is '00:00:00', so the Add is meaningless. This could be 'return time;'
+            return UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay.Add(time);
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowIfOutOfRange(TimeSpan time, string paramName)
+        {
+            if (time.Ticks < 0 || time >= _exclusiveUpperBound)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(paramName, $"A '{LogicalTypeName}' value must be at least '{TimeSpan.Zero}' and less than '{_exclusiveUpperBound}'.");
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMillisecond.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMillisecond.cs
index 9008fa38abf..d3132560063 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMillisecond.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimeMillisecond.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Avro.Util
     /// </summary>
     public class TimeMillisecond : LogicalUnixEpochType<TimeSpan>
     {
-        private static readonly TimeSpan _maxTime = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59);
+        private static readonly TimeSpan _exclusiveUpperBound = TimeSpan.FromDays(1);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The logical type name for TimeMillisecond.
@@ -50,17 +50,29 @@ public override object ConvertToBaseValue(object logicalValue, LogicalSchema sch
         {
             var time = (TimeSpan)logicalValue;
 
-            if (time > _maxTime)
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(logicalValue), "A 'time-millis' value can only have the range '00:00:00' to '23:59:59'.");
+            ThrowIfOutOfRange(time, nameof(logicalValue));
 
+            // Note: UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay is '00:00:00'. This could be 'return time.TotalMilliseconds;
             return (int)(time - UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay).TotalMilliseconds;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override object ConvertToLogicalValue(object baseValue, LogicalSchema schema)
         {
-            var noMs = (int)baseValue;
-            return UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay.Add(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(noMs));
+            var time = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds((int)baseValue);
+
+            ThrowIfOutOfRange(time, nameof(baseValue));
+
+            // Note: UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay is '00:00:00'. This could be 'return time;'
+            return UnixEpochDateTime.TimeOfDay.Add(time);
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowIfOutOfRange(TimeSpan time, string paramName)
+        {
+            if (time.Ticks < 0 || time >= _exclusiveUpperBound)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(paramName, $"A '{LogicalTypeName}' value must be at least '{TimeSpan.Zero}' and less than '{_exclusiveUpperBound}'.");
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimestampMicrosecond.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimestampMicrosecond.cs
index 54a421a5d71..4d8b1cc6cad 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimestampMicrosecond.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/main/Util/TimestampMicrosecond.cs
@@ -47,14 +47,13 @@ public override void ValidateSchema(LogicalSchema schema)
         public override object ConvertToBaseValue(object logicalValue, LogicalSchema schema)
         {
             var date = ((DateTime)logicalValue).ToUniversalTime();
-            return (long)((date - UnixEpochDateTime).TotalMilliseconds * 1000);
+            return (date - UnixEpochDateTime).Ticks / TicksPerMicrosecond;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override object ConvertToLogicalValue(object baseValue, LogicalSchema schema)
         {
-            var noMs = (long)baseValue / 1000;
-            return UnixEpochDateTime.AddMilliseconds(noMs);
+            return UnixEpochDateTime.AddTicks((long)baseValue * TicksPerMicrosecond);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/msbuild/Avro.msbuild.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/msbuild/Avro.msbuild.csproj
index 7ba943cacd7..7f06f64dc65 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/msbuild/Avro.msbuild.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/msbuild/Avro.msbuild.csproj
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 -->
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
-  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'!='Windows_NT'">netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'=='Windows_NT'">net461;netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultLibraryTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>Avro.msbuild</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.msbuild</RootNamespace>
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
@@ -33,17 +32,11 @@
     <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);NU5104</NoWarn>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0'">
+  <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Build.Framework" Version="$(MicrosoftBuildFrameworkVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core" Version="$(MicrosoftBuildUtilitiesCoreVersion)" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net461'">
-    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Build.Framework" />
-    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v4.0" />
-    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Build.Utilities.v4.0" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\main\Avro.main.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/perf/Avro.perf.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/perf/Avro.perf.csproj
index 00b94aa298e..cae41aaa6e7 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/perf/Avro.perf.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/perf/Avro.perf.csproj
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 -->
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
+
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'!='Windows_NT'">net5.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'=='Windows_NT'">net461;net5.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultExeTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>Avro.perf</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.perf</RootNamespace>
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj
index ff2cfa09fef..3ba3a0ffa89 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Avro.test.csproj
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@
 -->
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
-  <Import Project="../../../versions.props" />
+  <Import Project="../../../common.props" />
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'!='Windows_NT'">netcoreapp2.1;netcoreapp3.1;net5.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <TargetFrameworks Condition="'$(OS)'=='Windows_NT'">net461;netcoreapp2.1;netcoreapp3.1;net5.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(DefaultUnitTestTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
     <RootNamespace>Avro.test</RootNamespace>
     <AssemblyName>Avro.test</AssemblyName>
     <GenerateAssemblyInfo>false</GenerateAssemblyInfo>
     <GenerateProgramFile>false</GenerateProgramFile>
+    <SignAssembly>True</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>..\..\..\Avro.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
@@ -33,18 +34,32 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.collector" Version="$(CoverletCollectorVersion)">
+      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
+      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
+    </PackageReference>
+    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.msbuild" Version="$(CoverletMSBuildVersion)">
+      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
+      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
+    </PackageReference>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis" Version="$(MicrosoftCodeAnalysisVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" Version="$(MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="$(NUnitVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="$(NUnit3TestAdapterVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="$(NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion)" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion)" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Buffers" Version="$(SystemBuffersVersion)" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\main\Avro.main.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\codegen\Avro.codegen.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\main\Avro.main.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\codec\Avro.File.Snappy\Avro.File.Snappy.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\codec\Avro.File.BZip2\Avro.File.BZip2.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\codec\Avro.File.XZ\Avro.File.XZ.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\codec\Avro.File.Zstandard\Avro.File.Zstandard.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroDecimalTest.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroDecimalTest.cs
index e10210bf31c..4a8654aa8a3 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroDecimalTest.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroDecimalTest.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
 namespace Avro.test
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenHelper.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ce66020717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Emit;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Avro.Specific;
+
+namespace Avro.Test.AvroGen
+{
+    class AvroGenToolResult
+    {
+        public int ExitCode { get; set; }
+        public string[] StdOut { get; set; }
+        public string[] StdErr { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    class AvroGenHelper
+    {
+        public static AvroGenToolResult RunAvroGenTool(params string[] args)
+        {
+            // Save stdout and stderr
+            TextWriter conOut = Console.Out;
+            TextWriter conErr = Console.Error;
+
+            try
+            {
+                AvroGenToolResult result = new AvroGenToolResult();
+                StringBuilder strBuilderOut = new StringBuilder();
+                StringBuilder strBuilderErr = new StringBuilder();
+
+                using (StringWriter writerOut = new StringWriter(strBuilderOut))
+                using (StringWriter writerErr = new StringWriter(strBuilderErr))
+                {
+                    writerOut.NewLine = "\n";
+                    writerErr.NewLine = "\n";
+
+                    // Overwrite stdout and stderr to be able to capture console output
+                    Console.SetOut(writerOut);
+                    Console.SetError(writerErr);
+
+                    result.ExitCode = AvroGenTool.Main(args.ToArray());
+
+                    writerOut.Flush();
+                    writerErr.Flush();
+
+                    result.StdOut = strBuilderOut.Length == 0 ? Array.Empty<string>() : strBuilderOut.ToString().Split(writerOut.NewLine);
+                    result.StdErr = strBuilderErr.Length == 0 ? Array.Empty<string>() : strBuilderErr.ToString().Split(writerErr.NewLine);
+                }
+
+                return result;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                // Restore console
+                Console.SetOut(conOut);
+                Console.SetError(conErr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static Assembly CompileCSharpFilesIntoLibrary(IEnumerable<string> sourceFiles, string assemblyName = null, bool loadAssembly = true)
+        {
+            // Create random assembly name if not specified
+            if (assemblyName == null)
+                assemblyName = Path.GetRandomFileName();
+
+            // Base path to assemblies .NET assemblies
+            var assemblyPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(object).Assembly.Location);
+
+            using (var compilerStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                List<string> assemblies = new List<string>()
+                {
+                    typeof(object).Assembly.Location,
+                    typeof(Schema).Assembly.Location,
+                    typeof(System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute).Assembly.Location,
+                    Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Runtime.dll"),
+                    Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "netstandard.dll")
+                };
+
+                // Create compiler
+                CSharpCompilation compilation = CSharpCompilation
+                    .Create(assemblyName)
+                    .WithOptions(new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary))
+                    .AddReferences(assemblies.Select(path => MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(path)))
+                    .AddSyntaxTrees(sourceFiles.Select(sourceFile =>
+                    {
+                        string sourceText = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(sourceFile);
+                        return CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(sourceText);
+                    }));
+
+                // Compile
+                EmitResult compilationResult = compilation.Emit(compilerStream);
+
+#if DEBUG
+                if (!compilationResult.Success)
+                {
+                    foreach (Diagnostic diagnostic in compilationResult.Diagnostics)
+                    {
+                        if (diagnostic.IsWarningAsError || diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error)
+                        {
+                            TestContext.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Id} - {diagnostic.GetMessage()} - {diagnostic.Location}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+#endif
+
+                Assert.That(compilationResult.Success, Is.True);
+
+                if (!loadAssembly)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                // Load assembly from stream
+                compilerStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                return Assembly.Load(compilerStream.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string CreateEmptyTemporaryFolder(out string uniqueId, string path = null)
+        {
+            // Create unique id
+            uniqueId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
+
+            // Temporary folder name in working folder or the specified path
+            string tempFolder = Path.Combine(path ?? TestContext.CurrentContext.WorkDirectory, uniqueId);
+
+            // Create folder
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(tempFolder);
+
+            // Make sure it is empty
+            Assert.That(new DirectoryInfo(tempFolder), Is.Empty);
+
+            return tempFolder;
+        }
+
+        public static Assembly CompileCSharpFilesAndCheckTypes(
+            string outputDir,
+            string assemblyName,
+            IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck = null)
+        {
+            // Check if all generated files exist
+            if (generatedFilesToCheck != null)
+            {
+                foreach (string generatedFile in generatedFilesToCheck)
+                {
+                    Assert.That(new FileInfo(Path.Combine(outputDir, generatedFile)), Does.Exist);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Compile into netstandard library and load assembly
+            Assembly assembly = CompileCSharpFilesIntoLibrary(
+                new DirectoryInfo(outputDir)
+                    .EnumerateFiles("*.cs", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+                    .Select(fi => fi.FullName),
+                    assemblyName);
+
+            if (typeNamesToCheck != null)
+            {
+                // Check if the compiled code has the same number of types defined as the check list
+                // Note: Ignore types which are injected by the compiler (System.* and Microsoft.*), e.g. Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.EmbeddedAttribute
+                Assert.That(
+                    typeNamesToCheck.Count(),
+                    Is.EqualTo(
+                        assembly
+                        .DefinedTypes
+                        .Where(t =>
+                        {
+                            return !t.Namespace.StartsWith("Microsoft.", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                                   !t.Namespace.StartsWith("System.", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                        })
+                        .Count()));
+
+                // Check if types available in compiled assembly
+                foreach (string typeName in typeNamesToCheck)
+                {
+                    Type type = assembly.GetType(typeName);
+                    Assert.That(type, Is.Not.Null);
+
+                    // Protocols are abstract and cannot be instantiated
+                    if (typeof(ISpecificProtocol).IsAssignableFrom(type))
+                    {
+                        Assert.That(type.IsAbstract, Is.True);
+
+                        // If directly inherited from ISpecificProtocol, use reflection to read static private field
+                        // holding the protocol. Callback objects are not directly inherited from ISpecificProtocol,
+                        // so private fields in the base class cannot be accessed
+                        if (type.BaseType.Equals(typeof(ISpecificProtocol)))
+                        {
+                            // Use reflection to read static field, holding the protocol
+                            FieldInfo protocolField = type.GetField("protocol", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static);
+                            Protocol protocol = protocolField.GetValue(null) as Protocol;
+
+                            Assert.That(protocol, Is.Not.Null);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Assert.That(type.IsClass || type.IsEnum, Is.True);
+
+                        // Instantiate object
+                        object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
+                        Assert.That(obj, Is.Not.Null);
+
+                        // If ISpecificRecord, call its member for sanity check
+                        if (obj is ISpecificRecord record)
+                        {
+                            // Read record's schema object
+                            Assert.That(record.Schema, Is.Not.Null);
+                            // Force exception by reading/writing invalid field
+                            Assert.Throws<AvroRuntimeException>(() => record.Get(-1));
+                            Assert.Throws<AvroRuntimeException>(() => record.Put(-1, null));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return assembly;
+        }
+
+        public static Assembly TestSchema(
+            string schema,
+            IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck = null,
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck = null,
+            bool skipDirectories = false)
+        {
+            // Create temp folder
+            string outputDir = CreateEmptyTemporaryFolder(out string uniqueId);
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Save schema
+                string schemaFileName = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"{uniqueId}.avsc");
+                System.IO.File.WriteAllText(schemaFileName, schema);
+
+                // Generate from schema file
+                Assert.That(AvroGenTool.GenSchema(schemaFileName, outputDir, namespaceMapping ?? new Dictionary<string, string>(), skipDirectories), Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+                return CompileCSharpFilesAndCheckTypes(outputDir, uniqueId, typeNamesToCheck, generatedFilesToCheck);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(outputDir, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static Assembly TestProtocol(
+            string protocol,
+            IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck = null,
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck = null)
+        {
+            // Create temp folder
+            string outputDir = CreateEmptyTemporaryFolder(out string uniqueId);
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Save protocol
+                string schemaFileName = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"{uniqueId}.avpr");
+                System.IO.File.WriteAllText(schemaFileName, protocol);
+
+                // Generate from protocol file
+                Assert.That(AvroGenTool.GenProtocol(schemaFileName, outputDir, namespaceMapping ?? new Dictionary<string, string>()), Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+                return CompileCSharpFilesAndCheckTypes(outputDir, uniqueId, typeNamesToCheck, generatedFilesToCheck);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(outputDir, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenProtocolTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenProtocolTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b408650369f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenProtocolTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.Test.AvroGen
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+
+    class AvroGenProtocolTests
+    {
+        private const string _baseball = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""Baseball"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""avro.examples.baseball"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\""License\""); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \""AS IS\"" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License."",
+  ""types"" : [ {
+    ""type"" : ""enum"",
+    ""name"" : ""Position"",
+    ""symbols"" : [ ""P"", ""C"", ""B1"", ""B2"", ""B3"", ""SS"", ""LF"", ""CF"", ""RF"", ""DH"" ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""Player"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""number"",
+      ""type"" : ""int""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""first_name"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""last_name"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""position"",
+      ""type"" : {
+        ""type"" : ""array"",
+        ""items"" : ""Position""
+      }
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  ""messages"" : {
+  }
+}
+";
+        private const string _comments = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""Comments"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""testing"",
+  ""types"" : [ {
+    ""type"" : ""enum"",
+    ""name"" : ""DocumentedEnum"",
+    ""doc"" : ""Documented Enum"",
+    ""symbols"" : [ ""A"", ""B"", ""C"" ],
+    ""default"" : ""A""
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""enum"",
+    ""name"" : ""UndocumentedEnum"",
+    ""symbols"" : [ ""D"", ""E"" ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""fixed"",
+    ""name"" : ""DocumentedFixed"",
+    ""doc"" : ""Documented Fixed Type"",
+    ""size"" : 16
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""fixed"",
+    ""name"" : ""UndocumentedFixed"",
+    ""size"" : 16
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""error"",
+    ""name"" : ""DocumentedError"",
+    ""doc"" : ""Documented Error"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""reason"",
+      ""type"" : ""string"",
+      ""doc"" : ""Documented Reason Field""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""explanation"",
+      ""type"" : ""string"",
+      ""doc"" : ""Default Doc Explanation Field""
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""UndocumentedRecord"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""description"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  ""messages"" : {
+    ""documentedMethod"" : {
+      ""doc"" : ""Documented Method"",
+      ""request"" : [ {
+        ""name"" : ""message"",
+        ""type"" : ""string"",
+        ""doc"" : ""Documented Parameter""
+      }, {
+        ""name"" : ""defMsg"",
+        ""type"" : ""string"",
+        ""doc"" : ""Default Documented Parameter""
+      } ],
+      ""response"" : ""null"",
+      ""errors"" : [ ""DocumentedError"" ]
+    },
+    ""undocumentedMethod"" : {
+      ""request"" : [ {
+        ""name"" : ""message"",
+        ""type"" : ""string""
+      } ],
+      ""response"" : ""null""
+    }
+  }
+}
+";
+
+        private const string _interop = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""InteropProtocol"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""org.apache.avro.interop"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\""License\""); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \""AS IS\"" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License."",
+  ""types"" : [ {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""Label"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""label"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""enum"",
+    ""name"" : ""Kind"",
+    ""symbols"" : [ ""A"", ""B"", ""C"" ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""fixed"",
+    ""name"" : ""MD5"",
+    ""size"" : 16
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""Node"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""label"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""children"",
+      ""type"" : {
+        ""type"" : ""array"",
+        ""items"" : ""Node""
+      },
+      ""default"" : [ ]
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""Interop"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""intField"",
+      ""type"" : ""int"",
+      ""default"" : 1
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""longField"",
+      ""type"" : ""long"",
+      ""default"" : -1
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""stringField"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""boolField"",
+      ""type"" : ""boolean"",
+      ""default"" : false
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""floatField"",
+      ""type"" : ""float"",
+      ""default"" : 0.0
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""doubleField"",
+      ""type"" : ""double"",
+      ""default"" : -1.0E12
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""nullField"",
+      ""type"" : ""null""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""arrayField"",
+      ""type"" : {
+        ""type"" : ""array"",
+        ""items"" : ""double""
+      },
+      ""default"" : [ ]
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""mapField"",
+      ""type"" : {
+        ""type"" : ""map"",
+        ""values"" : ""Label""
+      }
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""unionField"",
+      ""type"" : [ ""boolean"", ""double"", {
+        ""type"" : ""array"",
+        ""items"" : ""bytes""
+      } ]
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""enumField"",
+      ""type"" : ""Kind""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""fixedField"",
+      ""type"" : ""MD5""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""recordField"",
+      ""type"" : ""Node""
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  ""messages"" : { }
+}
+";
+        private const string _namespaces = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""TestNamespace"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""avro.test.protocol"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\""License\""); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \""AS IS\"" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License."",
+  ""types"" : [ {
+    ""type"" : ""fixed"",
+    ""name"" : ""FixedInOtherNamespace"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""avro.test.fixed"",
+    ""size"" : 16
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""fixed"",
+    ""name"" : ""FixedInThisNamespace"",
+    ""size"" : 16
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""RecordInOtherNamespace"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""avro.test.record"",
+    ""fields"" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""error"",
+    ""name"" : ""ErrorInOtherNamespace"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""avro.test.error"",
+    ""fields"" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""enum"",
+    ""name"" : ""EnumInOtherNamespace"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""avro.test.enum"",
+    ""symbols"" : [ ""FOO"" ]
+  }, {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""RefersToOthers"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""someFixed"",
+      ""type"" : ""avro.test.fixed.FixedInOtherNamespace""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""someRecord"",
+      ""type"" : ""avro.test.record.RecordInOtherNamespace""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""someError"",
+      ""type"" : ""avro.test.error.ErrorInOtherNamespace""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""someEnum"",
+      ""type"" : ""avro.test.enum.EnumInOtherNamespace""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""thisFixed"",
+      ""type"" : ""FixedInThisNamespace""
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  ""messages"" : {
+  }
+}
+";
+        private const string _forwardRef = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"": ""Import"",
+  ""namespace"": ""org.foo"",
+  ""types"": [
+    {
+      ""type"": ""record"",
+      ""name"": ""ANameValue"",
+      ""fields"": [
+        { ""name"":""name"", ""type"": ""string"", ""doc"":""the name"" },
+        { ""name"": ""value"", ""type"": ""string"", ""doc"": ""the value"" },
+        { ""name"": ""type"", ""type"": { ""type"": ""enum"", ""name"":""ValueType"", ""symbols"": [""JSON"",""BASE64BIN"",""PLAIN""] }, ""default"": ""PLAIN"" }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  ""messages"":  { }
+}
+";
+        private const string _unicode = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""Протоколы"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""org.avro.test"",
+  ""doc"" : ""This is a test that UTF8 functions correctly.\nこのテストでは、UTF - 8で正しく機能している。\n这是一个测试，UTF - 8的正常运行。"",
+  ""types"" : [ {
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""Структура"",
+    ""fields"" : [ {
+      ""name"" : ""Строковый"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    }, {
+      ""name"" : ""文字列"",
+      ""type"" : ""string""
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  ""messages"" : {
+  }
+}
+";
+
+        private const string _myProtocol = @"
+{
+  ""protocol"" : ""MyProtocol"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""com.foo"",
+  ""types"" : [
+   {
+	""type"" : ""record"",
+	""name"" : ""A"",
+	""fields"" : [ { ""name"" : ""f1"", ""type"" : ""long"" } ]
+   },
+   {
+	""type"" : ""enum"",
+	""name"" : ""MyEnum"",
+	""symbols"" : [ ""A"", ""B"", ""C"" ]
+   },
+   {
+   ""type"": ""fixed"",
+   ""size"": 16,
+   ""name"": ""MyFixed""
+   },
+   {
+	""type"" : ""record"",
+	""name"" : ""Z"",
+	""fields"" :
+	    [
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUInt"", ""type"" : [ ""int"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myULong"", ""type"" : [ ""long"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUBool"", ""type"" : [ ""boolean"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUDouble"", ""type"" : [ ""double"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUFloat"", ""type"" : [ ""float"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUBytes"", ""type"" : [ ""bytes"", ""null"" ] },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myUString"", ""type"" : [ ""string"", ""null"" ] },
+
+		    { ""name"" : ""myInt"", ""type"" : ""int"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myLong"", ""type"" : ""long"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myBool"", ""type"" : ""boolean"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myDouble"", ""type"" : ""double"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myFloat"", ""type"" : ""float"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myBytes"", ""type"" : ""bytes"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myString"", ""type"" : ""string"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myNull"", ""type"" : ""null"" },
+
+		    { ""name"" : ""myFixed"", ""type"" : ""MyFixed"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myA"", ""type"" : ""A"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myE"", ""type"" : ""MyEnum"" },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myArray"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" : ""bytes"" } },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myArray2"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" : { ""type"" : ""record"", ""name"" : ""newRec"", ""fields"" : [ { ""name"" : ""f1"", ""type"" : ""long""} ] } } },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myMap"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""map"", ""values"" : ""string"" } },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myMap2"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""map"", ""values"" : ""newRec"" } },
+		    { ""name"" : ""myObject"", ""type"" : [ ""MyEnum"", ""A"", ""null"" ] },
+            { ""name"" : ""myArray3"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" : { ""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" : [ ""double"", ""string"", ""null"" ] } } }
+	    ]
+    }
+   ]
+}";
+
+        [TestCase(
+            _baseball,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "avro.examples.baseball.Baseball",
+                "avro.examples.baseball.BaseballCallback",
+                "avro.examples.baseball.Player",
+                "avro.examples.baseball.Position"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "avro/examples/baseball/Baseball.cs",
+                "avro/examples/baseball/BaseballCallback.cs",
+                "avro/examples/baseball/Player.cs",
+                "avro/examples/baseball/Position.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _comments,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "testing.Comments",
+                "testing.CommentsCallback",
+                "testing.DocumentedEnum",
+                "testing.DocumentedError",
+                "testing.DocumentedFixed",
+                "testing.UndocumentedEnum",
+                "testing.UndocumentedFixed",
+                "testing.UndocumentedRecord"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "testing/Comments.cs",
+                "testing/CommentsCallback.cs",
+                "testing/DocumentedEnum.cs",
+                "testing/DocumentedError.cs",
+                "testing/DocumentedFixed.cs",
+                "testing/UndocumentedEnum.cs",
+                "testing/UndocumentedFixed.cs",
+                "testing/UndocumentedRecord.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _interop,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.Label",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.Interop",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.InteropProtocol",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.InteropProtocolCallback",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.Kind",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.MD5",
+                "org.apache.avro.interop.Node",
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/Label.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/Interop.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/InteropProtocol.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/InteropProtocolCallback.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/Kind.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/MD5.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/interop/Node.cs",
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _namespaces,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "avro.test.enum.EnumInOtherNamespace",
+                "avro.test.error.ErrorInOtherNamespace",
+                "avro.test.fixed.FixedInOtherNamespace",
+                "avro.test.protocol.FixedInThisNamespace",
+                "avro.test.protocol.RefersToOthers",
+                "avro.test.protocol.TestNamespace",
+                "avro.test.protocol.TestNamespaceCallback",
+                "avro.test.record.RecordInOtherNamespace"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "avro/test/enum/EnumInOtherNamespace.cs",
+                "avro/test/error/ErrorInOtherNamespace.cs",
+                "avro/test/fixed/FixedInOtherNamespace.cs",
+                "avro/test/protocol/FixedInThisNamespace.cs",
+                "avro/test/protocol/RefersToOthers.cs",
+                "avro/test/protocol/TestNamespace.cs",
+                "avro/test/protocol/TestNamespaceCallback.cs",
+                "avro/test/record/RecordInOtherNamespace.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _forwardRef,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.foo.ANameValue",
+                "org.foo.Import",
+                "org.foo.ImportCallback",
+                "org.foo.ValueType"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/foo/ANameValue.cs",
+                "org/foo/Import.cs",
+                "org/foo/ImportCallback.cs",
+                "org/foo/ValueType.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _unicode,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.avro.test.Протоколы",
+                "org.avro.test.ПротоколыCallback",
+                "org.avro.test.Структура"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/avro/test/Протоколы.cs",
+                "org/avro/test/ПротоколыCallback.cs",
+                "org/avro/test/Структура.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _myProtocol,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "com.foo.A",
+                "com.foo.MyEnum",
+                "com.foo.MyFixed",
+                "com.foo.MyProtocol",
+                "com.foo.MyProtocolCallback",
+                "com.foo.newRec",
+                "com.foo.Z"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "com/foo/A.cs",
+                "com/foo/MyEnum.cs",
+                "com/foo/MyFixed.cs",
+                "com/foo/MyProtocol.cs",
+                "com/foo/MyProtocolCallback.cs",
+                "com/foo/newRec.cs",
+                "com/foo/Z.cs"
+            })]
+        public void GenerateProtocol(string protocol, IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck, IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck)
+        {
+            AvroGenHelper.TestProtocol(protocol, typeNamesToCheck, generatedFilesToCheck: generatedFilesToCheck);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenSchemaTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenSchemaTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..807acbda92a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenSchemaTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Avro.Specific;
+
+namespace Avro.Test.AvroGen
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+
+    class AvroGenSchemaTests
+    {
+        private const string _customConversionWithLogicalTypes = @"
+{
+  ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""CustomConversionWithLogicalTypes"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test custom conversion and logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""customEnum"",
+      ""type"": [""null"", {
+        ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+        ""name"": ""CustomAvroEnum"",
+        ""type"": ""enum"",
+        ""logicalType"": ""custom-enum"",
+        ""symbols"": [""ONE"", ""TWO"", ""THREE""]
+    }]
+    }]
+}
+";
+
+        private const string _logicalTypesWithCustomConversion = @"
+{
+""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test unions with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {""name"": ""nullableCustomField"",  ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 9, ""scale"": 2}], ""default"": null},
+    { ""name"": ""nonNullCustomField"",  ""type"": { ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 9, ""scale"": 2} },
+    { ""name"": ""nullableFixedSizeString"",  ""type"": [""null"", { ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""fixed-size-string"", ""minLength"": 1, ""maxLength"": 50}], ""default"": null},
+    { ""name"": ""nonNullFixedSizeString"",  ""type"": { ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""fixed-size-string"", ""minLength"": 1, ""maxLength"": 50} }
+  ]
+}
+";
+
+        private const string _logicalTypesWithDefaults = @"
+{
+""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""LogicalTypesWithDefaults"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test logical types and default values in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {""name"": ""nullableDate"",  ""type"": [{""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}, ""null""], ""default"": 1234},
+    { ""name"": ""nonNullDate"",  ""type"": { ""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}, ""default"": 1234}
+  ]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nestedLogicalTypesArray = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedLogicalTypesArray"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""arrayOfRecords"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""type"": ""array"",
+        ""items"": {
+          ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+          ""name"": ""RecordInArray"",
+          ""type"": ""record"",
+          ""fields"": [
+            {
+              ""name"": ""nullableDateField"",
+              ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }]
+}
+";
+
+        private const string _nestedLogicalTypesMap = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedLogicalTypesMap"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""mapOfRecords"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""type"": ""map"",
+        ""values"": {
+          ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+          ""name"": ""RecordInMap"",
+          ""type"": ""record"",
+          ""fields"": [
+            {
+              ""name"": ""nullableDateField"",
+              ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nestedLogicalTypesRecord = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedLogicalTypesRecord"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""nestedRecord"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+        ""type"": ""record"",
+        ""name"": ""NestedRecord"",
+        ""fields"": [
+          {
+            ""name"": ""nullableDateField"",
+            ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""unionOfFixedDecimal"",
+      ""type"": [""null"", {
+        ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+        ""name"": ""FixedInUnion"",
+        ""type"": {
+            ""type"": ""fixed"",
+            ""size"": 12,
+            ""name"": ""FixedName"",
+        },
+        ""logicalType"": ""decimal"",
+        ""precision"": 28,
+        ""scale"": 15
+      }]
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nestedLogicalTypesUnion = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedLogicalTypesUnion"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""unionOfRecords"",
+      ""type"": [""null"", {
+        ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+        ""name"": ""RecordInUnion"",
+        ""type"": ""record"",
+        ""fields"": [
+          {
+            ""name"": ""nullableDateField"",
+            ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}]
+          }
+        ]
+      }]
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nestedSomeNamespaceRecord = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.some"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NestedSomeNamespaceRecord"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with different namespace than the outer type"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""nestedRecord"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.other"",
+        ""type"": ""record"",
+        ""name"": ""NestedOtherNamespaceRecord"",
+        ""fields"": [
+          {
+            ""name"": ""someField"",
+            ""type"": ""int""
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nullableLogicalTypesArray = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NullableLogicalTypesArray"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""arrayOfLogicalType"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""type"": ""array"",
+        ""items"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}]
+      }
+    }]
+}";
+
+        private const string _nullableLogicalTypes = @"
+{""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""NullableLogicalTypes"",
+  ""doc"" : ""Test unions with logical types in generated Java classes"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {""name"": ""nullableDate"",  ""type"": [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}], ""default"": null}
+  ]
+}";
+
+        private const string _stringLogicalType = @"
+{
+  ""namespace"": ""org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""StringLogicalType"",
+  ""doc"": ""Test logical type applied to field of type string"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""someIdentifier"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""type"": ""string"",
+        ""logicalType"": ""uuid""
+      }
+},
+    {
+    ""name"": ""someJavaString"",
+      ""type"": ""string"",
+      ""doc"": ""Just to ensure no one removed <stringType>String</stringType> because this is the basis of this test""
+    }
+  ]
+}";
+
+        // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-2883
+        private const string _schema_avro_2883 = @"
+{
+  ""type"" : ""record"",
+  ""name"" : ""TestModel"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""my.avro.ns"",
+  ""fields"" : [ {
+    ""name"" : ""eventType"",
+    ""type"" : {
+      ""type"" : ""enum"",
+      ""name"" : ""EventType"",
+      ""symbols"" : [ ""CREATE"", ""UPDATE"", ""DELETE"" ]
+    }
+} ]
+}";
+
+        // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3046
+        private const string _schema_avro_3046 = @"
+{
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""ExampleRecord"",
+  ""namespace"": ""com.example"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""Id"",
+      ""type"": ""string"",
+      ""logicalType"": ""UUID""
+    },
+    {
+      ""name"": ""InnerRecord"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""type"": ""record"",
+        ""name"": ""InnerRecord"",
+        ""fields"": [
+          {
+            ""name"": ""Id"",
+            ""type"": ""string"",
+            ""logicalType"": ""UUID""
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}";
+
+        private Assembly TestSchema(
+            string schema,
+            IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck = null,
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> namespaceMapping = null,
+            IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck = null)
+        {
+            // Create temp folder
+            string outputDir = AvroGenHelper.CreateEmptyTemporaryFolder(out string uniqueId);
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Save schema
+                string schemaFileName = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"{uniqueId}.avsc");
+                System.IO.File.WriteAllText(schemaFileName, schema);
+
+                // Generate from schema file
+                Assert.That(AvroGenTool.GenSchema(schemaFileName, outputDir, namespaceMapping ?? new Dictionary<string, string>(), false), Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+                // Check if all generated files exist
+                if (generatedFilesToCheck != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (string generatedFile in generatedFilesToCheck)
+                    {
+                        Assert.That(new FileInfo(Path.Combine(outputDir, generatedFile)), Does.Exist);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Compile into netstandard library and load assembly
+                Assembly assembly = AvroGenHelper.CompileCSharpFilesIntoLibrary(
+                    new DirectoryInfo(outputDir)
+                        .EnumerateFiles("*.cs", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+                        .Select(fi => fi.FullName),
+                        uniqueId);
+
+                if (typeNamesToCheck != null)
+                {
+                    // Check if the compiled code has the same number of types defined as the check list
+                    Assert.That(typeNamesToCheck.Count(), Is.EqualTo(assembly.DefinedTypes.Count()));
+
+                    // Check if types available in compiled assembly
+                    foreach (string typeName in typeNamesToCheck)
+                    {
+                        Type type = assembly.GetType(typeName);
+                        Assert.That(type, Is.Not.Null);
+
+                        // Instantiate
+                        object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
+                        Assert.That(obj, Is.Not.Null);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Verify GeneratedCodeAttribute
+                foreach(System.Reflection.TypeInfo definedType in assembly.DefinedTypes)
+                {
+                    var generatedAttributes = definedType.CustomAttributes.Where(x => x.AttributeType.FullName == "System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute");
+                    Assert.That(generatedAttributes, Is.Not.Null);
+                }
+
+                return assembly;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(outputDir, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(
+            _logicalTypesWithDefaults,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.LogicalTypesWithDefaults"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/LogicalTypesWithDefaults.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesArray,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesArray",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesArray.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/RecordInArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesMap,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesMap",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInMap"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesMap.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/RecordInMap.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesRecord,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesRecord",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedRecord"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesRecord.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedRecord.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesUnion,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesUnion",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInUnion"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesUnion.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/RecordInUnion.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedSomeNamespaceRecord,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.some.NestedSomeNamespaceRecord",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.other.NestedOtherNamespaceRecord"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/some/NestedSomeNamespaceRecord.cs",
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/other/NestedOtherNamespaceRecord.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypes,
+            new string[]
+            {
+               "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NullableLogicalTypes"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+               "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NullableLogicalTypes.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypesArray,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NullableLogicalTypesArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/avro/codegentest/testdata/NullableLogicalTypesArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _schema_avro_2883,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "my.avro.ns.TestModel",
+                "my.avro.ns.EventType",
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "my/avro/ns/TestModel.cs",
+                "my/avro/ns/EventType.cs"
+            })]
+        public void GenerateSchema(string schema, IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck, IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck)
+        {
+            AvroGenHelper.TestSchema(schema, typeNamesToCheck, generatedFilesToCheck: generatedFilesToCheck);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypesArray,
+            "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata", "org.apache.csharp.codegentest.testdata",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.csharp.codegentest.testdata.NullableLogicalTypesArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/csharp/codegentest/testdata/NullableLogicalTypesArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedLogicalTypesUnion,
+            "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata", "org.apache.csharp.codegentest.testdata",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.csharp.codegentest.testdata.NestedLogicalTypesUnion",
+                "org.apache.csharp.codegentest.testdata.RecordInUnion"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/csharp/codegentest/testdata/NestedLogicalTypesUnion.cs",
+                "org/apache/csharp/codegentest/testdata/RecordInUnion.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _schema_avro_2883,
+            "my.avro.ns", "my.csharp.ns",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "my.csharp.ns.TestModel",
+                "my.csharp.ns.EventType",
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "my/csharp/ns/TestModel.cs",
+                "my/csharp/ns/EventType.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _schema_avro_3046,
+            "com.example", "Example",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "Example.ExampleRecord",
+                "Example.InnerRecord",
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "Example/ExampleRecord.cs",
+                "Example/InnerRecord.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypesArray,
+            "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata", "org.apache.@return.@int", // Reserved keywords in namespace
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.return.int.NullableLogicalTypesArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/return/int/NullableLogicalTypesArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypesArray,
+            "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata", "org.apache.value.partial", // Contextual keywords in namespace
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.value.partial.NullableLogicalTypesArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org/apache/value/partial/NullableLogicalTypesArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+    ""type"": ""fixed"",
+    ""namespace"": ""com.base"",
+    ""name"": ""MD5"",
+    ""size"": 16
+}",
+            "com.base", "SchemaTest",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "SchemaTest.MD5"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "SchemaTest/MD5.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+    ""type"": ""fixed"",
+    ""namespace"": ""com.base"",
+    ""name"": ""MD5"",
+    ""size"": 16
+}",
+            "miss", "SchemaTest",
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "com.base.MD5"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "com/base/MD5.cs"
+            })]
+        public void GenerateSchemaWithNamespaceMapping(
+            string schema,
+            string namespaceMappingFrom,
+            string namespaceMappingTo,
+            IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck,
+            IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck)
+        {
+            AvroGenHelper.TestSchema(schema, typeNamesToCheck, new Dictionary<string, string> { { namespaceMappingFrom, namespaceMappingTo } }, generatedFilesToCheck);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(_logicalTypesWithCustomConversion, typeof(AvroTypeException))]
+        [TestCase(_customConversionWithLogicalTypes, typeof(SchemaParseException))]
+        public void NotSupportedSchema(string schema, Type expectedException)
+        {
+            // Create temp folder
+            string outputDir = AvroGenHelper.CreateEmptyTemporaryFolder(out string uniqueId);
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Save schema
+                string schemaFileName = Path.Combine(outputDir, $"{uniqueId}.avsc");
+                System.IO.File.WriteAllText(schemaFileName, schema);
+
+                Assert.That(AvroGenTool.GenSchema(schemaFileName, outputDir, new Dictionary<string, string>(), false), Is.EqualTo(1));
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(outputDir, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""ClassKeywords"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""com.base"",
+    ""fields"" :
+        [
+            { ""name"" : ""int"", ""type"" : ""int"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""base"", ""type"" : ""long"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""event"", ""type"" : ""boolean"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""foreach"", ""type"" : ""double"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""bool"", ""type"" : ""float"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""internal"", ""type"" : ""bytes"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""while"", ""type"" : ""string"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""return"", ""type"" : ""null"" },
+            { ""name"" : ""enum"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""enum"", ""name"" : ""class"", ""symbols"" : [ ""Unknown"", ""A"", ""B"" ], ""default"" : ""Unknown"" } },
+            { ""name"" : ""string"", ""type"" : { ""type"": ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""static"" } }
+        ]
+}",
+            new object[] { "com.base.ClassKeywords", typeof(int), typeof(long), typeof(bool), typeof(double), typeof(float), typeof(byte[]), typeof(string), typeof(object), "com.base.class", "com.base.static" })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""AvroNamespaceType"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""My.Avro"",
+    ""fields"" :
+        [
+            { ""name"" : ""justenum"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""enum"", ""name"" : ""justenumEnum"", ""symbols"" : [ ""One"", ""Two"" ] } },
+        ]
+}",
+            new object[] { "My.Avro.AvroNamespaceType", "My.Avro.justenumEnum" })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+    ""type"" : ""record"",
+    ""name"" : ""SchemaObject"",
+    ""namespace"" : ""schematest"",
+    ""fields"" :
+        [
+            { ""name"" : ""myobject"", ""type"" :
+                [
+                    ""null"",
+                    { ""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" :
+                        [
+                            ""null"",
+                            { ""type"" : ""enum"", ""name"" : ""MyEnum"", ""symbols"" : [ ""A"", ""B"" ] },
+                            { ""type"": ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""MyFixed"" }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+}",
+            new object[] { "schematest.SchemaObject", typeof(IList<object>) })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+  ""type"" : ""record"",
+  ""name"" : ""LogicalTypes"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""schematest"",
+  ""fields"" :
+    [
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibleguid"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid"" } ]},
+      { ""name"" : ""guid"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid"" } },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibletimestampmillis"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""timestampmillis"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibiletimestampmicros"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""timestampmicros"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nulliblelocaltimestampmillis"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""local-timestamp-millis""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""localtimestampmillis"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""local-timestamp-millis""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibilelocaltimestampmicros"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""local-timestamp-micros""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""locallocaltimestampmicros"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""local-timestamp-micros""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibiletimemicros"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""timemicros"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibiletimemillis"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""timemillis"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibledecimal"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""decimal"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2} },
+      { ""name"" : ""nullibledecimalfixed"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": {""type"" : ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""ndf""}, ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2}]  },
+      { ""name"" : ""decimalfixed"", ""type"" : {""type"": {""type"" : ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""df""}, ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2} }
+    ]
+}",
+            new object[] { "schematest.LogicalTypes", typeof(Guid?), typeof(Guid), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(TimeSpan?), typeof(TimeSpan), typeof(TimeSpan?), typeof(TimeSpan), typeof(AvroDecimal?), typeof(AvroDecimal), typeof(AvroDecimal?), typeof(AvroDecimal) })]
+        [TestCase(@"
+{
+  ""namespace"": ""enum.base"",
+  ""type"": ""record"",
+  ""name"": ""EnumInDifferentNamespace"",
+  ""doc"": ""Test enum with a default value in a different namespace"",
+  ""fields"": [
+    {
+      ""name"": ""anEnum"",
+      ""type"": {
+        ""namespace"": ""enum.base.other"",
+        ""type"": ""enum"",
+        ""name"": ""AnEnum"",
+        ""symbols"": [
+          ""A"",
+          ""B""
+        ],
+        ""default"": ""A""
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}",
+            new object[] { "enum.base.EnumInDifferentNamespace", "enum.base.other.AnEnum" })]
+        public void GenerateSchemaCheckFields(string schema, object[] result)
+        {
+            Assembly assembly = AvroGenHelper.TestSchema(schema);
+
+            // Instantiate object
+            Type type = assembly.GetType((string)result[0]);
+            Assert.That(type, Is.Not.Null);
+
+            ISpecificRecord record = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as ISpecificRecord;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(record);
+
+            // test type of each fields
+            for (int i = 1; i < result.Length; ++i)
+            {
+                object field = record.Get(i - 1);
+                Type stype;
+                if (result[i].GetType() == typeof(string))
+                {
+                    Type t = assembly.GetType((string)result[i]);
+                    Assert.That(record, Is.Not.Null);
+
+                    object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
+                    Assert.That(obj, Is.Not.Null);
+                    stype = obj.GetType();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    stype = (Type)result[i];
+                }
+                if (!stype.IsValueType)
+                {
+                    Assert.That(field, Is.Null);   // can't test reference type, it will be null
+                }
+                else if (stype.IsValueType && field == null)
+                {
+                    Assert.That(field, Is.Null); // nullable value type, so we can't get the type using GetType
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Assert.That(field, Is.Not.Null);
+                    Assert.That(field.GetType(), Is.EqualTo(stype));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(
+            _nullableLogicalTypesArray,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NullableLogicalTypesArray"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "NullableLogicalTypesArray.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(
+            _nestedSomeNamespaceRecord,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.some.NestedSomeNamespaceRecord",
+                "org.apache.avro.codegentest.other.NestedOtherNamespaceRecord"
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "NestedSomeNamespaceRecord.cs",
+                "NestedOtherNamespaceRecord.cs"
+            })]
+        [TestCase(_schema_avro_2883,
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "my.avro.ns.TestModel",
+                "my.avro.ns.EventType",
+            },
+            new string[]
+            {
+                "TestModel.cs",
+                "EventType.cs"
+            })]
+        public void GenerateSchemaWithSkipDirectoriesOption(string schema, IEnumerable<string> typeNamesToCheck, IEnumerable<string> generatedFilesToCheck)
+        {
+            AvroGenHelper.TestSchema(schema, typeNamesToCheck, generatedFilesToCheck: generatedFilesToCheck, skipDirectories: true);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenToolTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenToolTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..698ff468c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/AvroGen/AvroGenToolTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.Test.AvroGen
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+
+    class AvroGenToolTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void CommandLineNoArgs()
+        {
+            AvroGenToolResult result = AvroGenHelper.RunAvroGenTool(Array.Empty<string>());
+
+            Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut, Is.Not.Empty);
+            Assert.That(result.StdErr, Is.Empty);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("-h")]
+        [TestCase("--help")]
+        [TestCase("--help", "-h")]
+        [TestCase("--help", "-s", "whatever.avsc", ".")]
+        [TestCase("-p", "whatever.avpr", ".", "-h")]
+        public void CommandLineHelp(params string[] args)
+        {
+            AvroGenToolResult result = AvroGenHelper.RunAvroGenTool(args);
+
+            Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(0));
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut, Is.Not.Empty);
+            Assert.That(result.StdErr, Is.Empty);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("--version")]
+        [TestCase("-V")]
+        public void CommandLineVersion(params string[] args)
+        {
+            AvroGenToolResult result = AvroGenHelper.RunAvroGenTool(args);
+
+            Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(0));
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut, Is.Not.Empty);
+            Assert.That(result.StdErr, Is.Empty);
+
+            // Check if returned version is SemVer 2.0 compliant
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut[0], Does.Match(Utils.VersionTests.SemVerRegex));
+
+            // Returned version must be the same as the avrogen tool assembly's version
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut[0], Is.EqualTo(typeof(AvroGenTool).Assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion));
+
+            // Returned version must be the same as the avro library assembly's version
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut[0], Is.EqualTo(typeof(Schema).Assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("-p")]
+        [TestCase("-s")]
+        [TestCase("-p", "whatever.avpr")]
+        [TestCase("-p", "whatever.avpr")]
+        [TestCase("-s", "whatever.avsc")]
+        [TestCase("whatever.avsc")]
+        [TestCase("whatever.avsc", ".")]
+        [TestCase(".")]
+        [TestCase("-s", "whatever.avsc", "--namespace")]
+        [TestCase("-s", "whatever.avsc", "--namespace", "org.apache")]
+        [TestCase("-s", "whatever.avsc", "--namespace", "org.apache:")]
+        [TestCase("-s", "whatever.avsc", ".", "whatever")]
+        public void CommandLineInvalidArgs(params string[] args)
+        {
+            AvroGenToolResult result = AvroGenHelper.RunAvroGenTool(args);
+
+            Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.That(result.StdOut, Is.Not.Empty);
+            Assert.That(result.StdErr, Is.Not.Empty);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        public void CommandLineHelpContainsSkipDirectoriesParameter()
+        {
+            AvroGenToolResult result = AvroGenHelper.RunAvroGenTool("-h");
+
+            Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(0));
+            Assert.IsTrue(result.StdOut.Any(s => s.Contains("--skip-directories")));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/CodGen/CodeGenTest.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/CodGen/CodeGenTest.cs
index c2889897d64..33c7f0cf6ee 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/CodGen/CodeGenTest.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/CodGen/CodeGenTest.cs
@@ -17,174 +17,125 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.IO;
-using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
-using Microsoft.CSharp;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using Avro.Specific;
 
-namespace Avro.Test
+namespace Avro.Test.CodeGen
 {
     [TestFixture]
-
-    class CodeGenTest
+    class CodeGenTests
     {
-#if !NETCOREAPP // System.CodeDom compilation not supported in .NET Core: https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/12180
-        [TestCase(@"{
-""type"" : ""record"",
-""name"" : ""ClassKeywords"",
-""namespace"" : ""com.base"",
-""fields"" :
-		[ 	
-			{ ""name"" : ""int"", ""type"" : ""int"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""base"", ""type"" : ""long"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""event"", ""type"" : ""boolean"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""foreach"", ""type"" : ""double"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""bool"", ""type"" : ""float"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""internal"", ""type"" : ""bytes"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""while"", ""type"" : ""string"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""return"", ""type"" : ""null"" },
-			{ ""name"" : ""enum"", ""type"" : { ""type"" : ""enum"", ""name"" : ""class"", ""symbols"" : [ ""Unknown"", ""A"", ""B"" ], ""default"" : ""Unknown"" } },
-			{ ""name"" : ""string"", ""type"" : { ""type"": ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""static"" } }
-		]
-}
-", new object[] {"com.base.ClassKeywords", typeof(int), typeof(long), typeof(bool), typeof(double), typeof(float), typeof(byte[]), typeof(string),typeof(object),"com.base.class", "com.base.static"}, TestName = "TestCodeGen0")]
-        [TestCase(@"{
-""type"" : ""record"",
-""name"" : ""SchemaObject"",
-""namespace"" : ""schematest"",
-""fields"" :
-	[ 	
-		{ ""name"" : ""myobject"", ""type"" :
-			[
-				""null"",
-				{""type"" : ""array"", ""items"" : [ ""null"",
-											{ ""type"" : ""enum"", ""name"" : ""MyEnum"", ""symbols"" : [ ""A"", ""B"" ] },
-											{ ""type"": ""fixed"", ""size"": 16, ""name"": ""MyFixed"" }
-											]
-				}
-			]
-		}
-	]
-}
-", new object[] { "schematest.SchemaObject", typeof(IList<object>) }, TestName = "TestCodeGen1")]
-        [TestCase(@"{
-	""type"" : ""record"",
-	""name"" : ""LogicalTypes"",
-	""namespace"" : ""schematest"",
-	""fields"" :
-		[ 	
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibleguid"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid"" } ]},
-			{ ""name"" : ""guid"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid"" } },
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibletimestampmillis"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""}]  },
-			{ ""name"" : ""timestampmillis"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""} },
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibiletimestampmicros"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""}]  },
-			{ ""name"" : ""timestampmicros"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""} },
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibiletimemicros"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""}]  },
-			{ ""name"" : ""timemicros"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""} },
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibiletimemillis"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""}]  },
-			{ ""name"" : ""timemillis"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""} },
-			{ ""name"" : ""nullibledecimal"", ""type"" : [""null"", {""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2}]  },
-            { ""name"" : ""decimal"", ""type"" : {""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 2} }
-		]
-}
-", new object[] { "schematest.LogicalTypes", typeof(Guid?), typeof(Guid), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?), typeof(DateTime), typeof(TimeSpan?), typeof(TimeSpan), typeof(TimeSpan?), typeof(TimeSpan), typeof(AvroDecimal?), typeof(AvroDecimal) }, TestName = "TestCodeGen2 - Logical Types")]
-        public static void TestCodeGen(string str, object[] result)
-        {
-            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(str);
 
-            CompilerResults compres = GenerateSchema(schema);
-
-            // instantiate object
-            ISpecificRecord rec = compres.CompiledAssembly.CreateInstance((string)result[0]) as ISpecificRecord;
-            Assert.IsNotNull(rec);
-
-            // test type of each fields
-            for (int i = 1; i < result.Length; ++i)
-            {
-                object field = rec.Get(i - 1);
-                Type stype;
-                if (result[i].GetType() == typeof(string))
-                {
-                    object obj = compres.CompiledAssembly.CreateInstance((string)result[i]);
-                    Assert.IsNotNull(obj);
-                    stype = obj.GetType();
-                }
-                else
-                    stype = (Type)result[i];
-                if (!stype.IsValueType)
-                    Assert.IsNull(field);   // can't test reference type, it will be null
-                else if (stype.IsValueType && field == null)
-                    Assert.IsNull(field); // nullable value type, so we can't get the type using GetType
-                else
-                    Assert.AreEqual(stype, field.GetType());
-            }
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGetNullableTypeException()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => Avro.CodeGen.GetNullableType(null));
         }
 
-        [TestCase(@"{
-""type"": ""fixed"",
-""namespace"": ""com.base"",
-""name"": ""MD5"",
-""size"": 16
-}", null, null, "com.base")]
-        [TestCase(@"{
-""type"": ""fixed"",
-""namespace"": ""com.base"",
-""name"": ""MD5"",
-""size"": 16
-}", "com.base", "SchemaTest", "SchemaTest")]
-        [TestCase(@"{
-""type"": ""fixed"",
-""namespace"": ""com.base"",
-""name"": ""MD5"",
-""size"": 16
-}", "miss", "SchemaTest", "com.base")]
-        public void TestCodeGenNamespaceMapping(string str, string avroNamespace, string csharpNamespace,
-            string expectedNamespace)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestReservedKeywords()
         {
-            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(str);
+            // https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/blob/main/src/Compilers/CSharp/Portable/Syntax/SyntaxKindFacts.cs
 
-            var codegen = new CodeGen();
-            codegen.AddSchema(schema);
-
-            if (avroNamespace != null && csharpNamespace != null)
+            // Check if all items in CodeGenUtil.Instance.ReservedKeywords are keywords
+            foreach (string keyword in CodeGenUtil.Instance.ReservedKeywords)
             {
-                codegen.NamespaceMapping[avroNamespace] = csharpNamespace;
+                Assert.That(SyntaxFacts.GetKeywordKind(keyword) != SyntaxKind.None, Is.True);
             }
 
-            var results = GenerateAssembly(codegen);
-            foreach(var type in results.CompiledAssembly.GetTypes())
+            // Check if all Roslyn defined keywords are in CodeGenUtil.Instance.ReservedKeywords
+            foreach (SyntaxKind keywordKind in SyntaxFacts.GetReservedKeywordKinds())
             {
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedNamespace, type.Namespace);
+                Assert.That(CodeGenUtil.Instance.ReservedKeywords, Does.Contain(SyntaxFacts.GetText(keywordKind)));
             }
+
+            // If this test fails, CodeGenUtil.ReservedKeywords list must be updated.
+            // This might happen if newer version of C# language defines new reserved keywords.
         }
 
-        private static CompilerResults GenerateSchema(Schema schema)
+        [TestCase("a", "a")]
+        [TestCase("a.b", "a.b")]
+        [TestCase("a.b.c", "a.b.c")]
+        [TestCase("int", "@int")]
+        [TestCase("a.long.b", "a.@long.b")]
+        [TestCase("int.b.c", "@int.b.c")]
+        [TestCase("a.b.int", "a.b.@int")]
+        [TestCase("int.long.while", "@int.@long.@while")] // Reserved keywords
+        [TestCase("a.value.partial", "a.value.partial")] // Contextual keywords
+        [TestCase("a.value.b.int.c.while.longpartial", "a.value.b.@int.c.@while.longpartial")] // Reserved and contextual keywords
+        public void TestMangleUnMangle(string input, string mangled)
         {
-            var codegen = new CodeGen();
-            codegen.AddSchema(schema);
-            return GenerateAssembly(codegen);
+            // Mangle
+            Assert.That(CodeGenUtil.Instance.Mangle(input), Is.EqualTo(mangled));
+            // Unmangle
+            Assert.That(CodeGenUtil.Instance.UnMangle(mangled), Is.EqualTo(input));
         }
 
-        private static CompilerResults GenerateAssembly(CodeGen schema)
+        [TestFixture]
+        public class CodeGenTestClass : Avro.CodeGen
         {
-            var compileUnit = schema.GenerateCode();
+            [Test]
+            public void TestGenerateNamesException()
+            {
+                Protocol protocol = null;
+                Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => this.GenerateNames(protocol));
+            }
+
+
+            [Test]
+            public void GetTypesShouldReturnTypes()
+            {
+                AddSchema(@"
+{
+  ""name"": ""PlanetEnum"",
+  ""namespace"": ""Space.Models"",
+  ""type"": ""enum"",
+  ""symbols"": [
+    ""Earth"",
+    ""Mars"",
+    ""Jupiter"",
+    ""Saturn"",
+    ""Uranus"",
+    ""Neptune""
+  ]
+}
+");
+                GenerateCode();
+                var types = GetTypes();
+                Assert.That(types.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                bool hasPlanetEnumCode = types.TryGetValue("PlanetEnum", out string planetEnumCode);
+                Assert.That(hasPlanetEnumCode);
+                Assert.That(Regex.Matches(planetEnumCode, "public enum PlanetEnum").Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            }
 
-            var comparam = new CompilerParameters(new string[] { "netstandard.dll" });
-            comparam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
-            comparam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(Path.Combine(TestContext.CurrentContext.TestDirectory, "Avro.dll"));
-            comparam.GenerateInMemory = true;
-            var ccp = new CSharpCodeProvider();
-            var units = new[] { compileUnit };
-            var compres = ccp.CompileAssemblyFromDom(comparam, units);
-            if (compres.Errors.Count > 0)
+            [Test]
+            public void EnumWithKeywordSymbolsShouldHavePrefixedSymbols()
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < compres.Errors.Count; i++)
-                    Console.WriteLine(compres.Errors[i]);
+                AddSchema(@"{
+    ""type"": ""enum"",
+    ""symbols"": [
+        ""string"",
+        ""integer"",
+        ""float"",
+        ""boolean"",
+        ""list"",
+        ""dict"",
+        ""regex""
+    ],
+    ""name"": ""type"",
+    ""namespace"": ""com.example""
+}");
+                GenerateCode();
+                var types = GetTypes();
+                Assert.That(types.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                bool hasTypeCode = types.TryGetValue("type", out string typeCode);
+                Assert.That(hasTypeCode);
+                Assert.That(Regex.Matches(typeCode, "public enum type").Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(Regex.Matches(typeCode, "@string,").Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+                Assert.That(Regex.Matches(typeCode, "@float,").Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
             }
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, compres.Errors.Count);
-            return compres;
         }
-#endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/File/FileTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/File/FileTests.cs
index 9229bf46974..0ef81c9766f 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/File/FileTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/File/FileTests.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -34,32 +35,80 @@ public class FileTests
         const string specificSchema  = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Foo\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test.File\",\"fields\":"
                                      + "[{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"]},{\"name\":\"age\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}";
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestSpecificDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case0,{2})");
+
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23 },
+                        new object[] { "Jane", 99 },
+                        new object[] { "Jeff", 88 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case1,{2})");
+
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23 },
+                        new object[] { "Jane", 99 },
+                        new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
+                        new object[] { "James", 13 },
+                        new object[] { "June", 109 },
+                        new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
+                        new object[] {"Jenny", 3},
+                        new object[] { "Bob", 9 },
+                        new object[] { null, 48 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case2,{2})");
+
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23},
+                        new object[] { "Jane", 99 },
+                        new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
+                        new object[] { "James", 13 },
+                        new object[] { "June", 109 },
+                        new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
+                        new object[] { "Jamie", 53 },
+                        new object[] { "Fanessa", 101 },
+                        new object[] { "Kan", 18 },
+                        new object[] { "Janey", 33 },
+                        new object[] { "Deva", 102 },
+                        new object[] { "Gavin", 28 },
+                        new object[] { "Lochy", 113 },
+                        new object[] { "Nickie", 10 },
+                        new object[] { "Liddia", 38 },
+                        new object[] { "Fred", 3 },
+                        new object[] { "April", 17 },
+                        new object[] { "Novac", 48 },
+                        new object[] { "Idan", 33 },
+                        new object[] { "Jolyon", 76 },
+                        new object[] { "Ant", 68 },
+                        new object[] { "Ernie", 43 },
+                        new object[] { "Joel", 99 },
+                        new object[] { "Dan", 78 },
+                        new object[] { "Dave", 103 },
+                        new object[] { "Hillary", 79 },
+                        new object[] { "Grant", 88 },
+                        new object[] { "JJ", 14 },
+                        new object[] { "Bill", 90 },
+                        new object[] { "Larry", 4 },
+                        new object[] { "Jenny", 3 },
+                        new object[] { "Bob", 9 },
+                        new object[] { null, 48 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case3,{2})");
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reading & writing of specific (custom) record objects
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
         /// <param name="recs"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestSpecificData0")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "Jane", 23 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestSpecificData1")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 }, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestSpecificData2")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] {"John", 23}, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
-                                                 new object[] {"James", 13}, new object[] { "June", 109 }, new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Jenny", 3}, new object[] { "Bob", 9 }, new object[] { null, 48 }}, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestSpecificData3")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 } }, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestSpecificData4")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "Jane", 23 } }, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestSpecificData5")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 }, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 } }, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestSpecificData6")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] {"John", 23}, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
-                                                 new object[] {"James", 13}, new object[] { "June", 109 }, new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Jamie", 53}, new object[] { "Fanessa", 101 }, new object[] { "Kan", 18 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Janey", 33}, new object[] { "Deva", 102 }, new object[] { "Gavin", 28 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Lochy", 113}, new object[] { "Nickie", 10 }, new object[] { "Liddia", 38 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Fred", 3}, new object[] { "April", 17 }, new object[] { "Novac", 48 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Idan", 33}, new object[] { "Jolyon", 76 }, new object[] { "Ant", 68 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Ernie", 43}, new object[] { "Joel", 99 }, new object[] { "Dan", 78 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Dave", 103}, new object[] { "Hillary", 79 }, new object[] { "Grant", 88 },
-                                                 new object[] {"JJ", 14}, new object[] { "Bill", 90 }, new object[] { "Larry", 4 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Jenny", 3}, new object[] { "Bob", 9 }, new object[] { null, 48 }}, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestSpecificData7")]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestSpecificDataSource))]
         public void TestSpecificData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             // create and write out
@@ -95,6 +144,41 @@ public void TestSpecificData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, Codec.Type codecTy
             }
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestAppendSpecificDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema,
+                    new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23 }
+                    },
+                    new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "Jane", 21 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case0,{3})");
+
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema,
+                    new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "John", 23 },
+                        new object[] { "Jane", 99 },
+                        new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
+                        new object[] { "James", 13 },
+                        new object[] { "June", 109 },
+                        new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
+                        new object[] { "Jenny", 3 },
+                        new object[] { "Bob", 9 },
+                        new object[] { null, 48 }
+                    },
+                    new object[]
+                    {
+                        new object[] { "Hillary", 79 },
+                        new object[] { "Grant", 88 }
+                    }, codecType).SetName("{m}(Case1,{3})");
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Test appending of specific (custom) record objects
         /// </summary>
@@ -102,18 +186,7 @@ public void TestSpecificData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, Codec.Type codecTy
         /// <param name="recs">initial records</param>
         /// <param name="appendRecs">append records</param>
         /// <param name="codecType">initial compression codec type</param>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 } }, new object[] { new object[] { "Jane", 21 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestAppendSpecificData0")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] { "John", 23 } }, new object[] { new object[] { "Jane", 21 } }, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestAppendSpecificData1")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] {"John", 23}, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
-                                                 new object[] {"James", 13}, new object[] { "June", 109 }, new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Jenny", 3}, new object[] { "Bob", 9 }, new object[] { null, 48 }},
-                                  new object[] { new object[] { "Hillary", 79 },
-                                                 new object[] { "Grant", 88 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate, TestName = "TestAppendSpecificData2")]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, new object[] { new object[] {"John", 23}, new object[] { "Jane", 99 }, new object[] { "Jeff", 88 },
-                                                 new object[] {"James", 13}, new object[] { "June", 109 }, new object[] { "Lloyd", 18 },
-                                                 new object[] {"Jenny", 3}, new object[] { "Bob", 9 }, new object[] { null, 48 }},
-                                  new object[] { new object[] { "Hillary", 79 },
-                                                 new object[] { "Grant", 88 } }, Codec.Type.Null, TestName = "TestAppendSpecificData3")]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestAppendSpecificDataSource))]
         public void TestAppendSpecificData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, object[] appendRecs, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             IList<Foo> records = MakeRecords(recs);
@@ -161,84 +234,50 @@ public void TestAppendSpecificData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, object[] app
             }
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestGenericDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"null\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", null }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(null,{2})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", true }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(true,{2})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", false }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(false,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", 101 }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(int,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", 101L }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(long,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"float\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", 101.78f }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(float,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", 101.78 }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(double,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", "A" }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(string,{2})"); ;
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"bytes\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", new byte[] { 0, 1 } }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(bytes,{2})"); ;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reading & writing of generic record objects
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
         /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"null\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", null }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", true }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", false }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101 }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101L }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"float\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101.78f }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101.78 }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", "A" }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"bytes\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new byte[] { 0, 1 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\":[\"s1\", \"s2\"]}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", "s2" }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\"}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new object[] { 0, 1, 101 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\"}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new int[] { 0, 1, 101 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 100 }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 100L }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"f\", \"size\": 2}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new byte[] { 1, 2 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"null\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", null }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", true }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", false }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101 }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"long\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101L }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"float\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101.78f }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 101.78 }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", "A" }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"bytes\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new byte[] { 0, 1 } }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\":[\"s1\", \"s2\"]}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", "s2" }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\"}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new object[] { 0, 1, 101 } }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\"}}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", new int[] { 0, 1, 101 } }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 100 }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 100L }, Codec.Type.Null)]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestGenericDataSource))]
         public void TestGenericData(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
-            foreach(var rwFactory in GenericOptions<GenericRecord>())
+            foreach (var rwFactory in GenericOptions<GenericRecord>())
             {
                 // Create and write out
                 MemoryStream dataFileOutputStream = new MemoryStream();
@@ -260,7 +299,23 @@ public void TestGenericData(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type codecTy
                 }
 
                 Assert.IsTrue((readFoos != null && readFoos.Count > 0),
-                               string.Format(@"Generic object: {0} did not serialise/deserialise correctly", readFoos));
+                               string.Format(@"Generic object: {0} did not serialize/deserialize correctly", readFoos));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestAppendGenericDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", true }, new object[] { "f1", false }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(bool,{3})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", 1 }, new object[] { "f1", 2 }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(int,{3})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(
+                    "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}", new object[] { "f1", "A" }, new object[] { "f1", "B" }, codecType)
+                    .SetName("{m}(string,{3})");
             }
         }
 
@@ -270,11 +325,8 @@ public void TestGenericData(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type codecTy
         /// <param name="schemaStr">schema</param>
         /// <param name="recs">initial records</param>
         /// <param name="appendRecs">append records</param>
-        /// <param name="codecType">innitial compression codec type</param>
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", true }, new object[] { "f1", false }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 1 }, new object[] { "f1", 2 }, Codec.Type.Null)]
+        /// <param name="codecType">initial compression codec type</param>
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestAppendGenericDataSource))]
         public void TestAppendGenericData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, object[] appendRecs, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             foreach (var rwFactory in GenericOptions<GenericRecord>())
@@ -311,7 +363,7 @@ public void TestAppendGenericData(string schemaStr, object[] recs, object[] appe
 
                 Assert.NotNull(readFoos);
                 Assert.AreEqual((recs.Length + appendRecs.Length) / 2, readFoos.Count,
-                    $"Generic object: {readFoos} did not serialise/deserialise correctly");
+                    $"Generic object: {readFoos} did not serialize/deserialize correctly");
             }
         }
 
@@ -346,9 +398,7 @@ public void OpenAppendWriter_IncorrectOutStream_Throws()
         /// DeflateStream as it is a standard non-seekable Stream that has the same behavior as the
         /// NetworkStream, which we should handle.
         /// </summary>
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":" +
-            "[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}",
-            new object[] { "f1", 100L }, Codec.Type.Null)]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":[\"int\", \"long\"]}]}", new object[] { "f1", 100L }, Codec.Type.Null)]
         public void TestNonSeekableStream(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             foreach (var rwFactory in GenericOptions<GenericRecord>())
@@ -383,7 +433,35 @@ public void TestNonSeekableStream(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type c
                 }
 
                 Assert.IsTrue((readFoos != null && readFoos.Count > 0),
-                               string.Format(@"Generic object: {0} did not serialise/deserialise correctly", readFoos));
+                               string.Format(@"Generic object: {0} did not serialize/deserialize correctly", readFoos));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestPrimitiveDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", null, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", true, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100L, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 100.75, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 23.67f, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", true, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", false, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"string\"}", "John", codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": [\"null\",\"string\"]}", null, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"int\"}", 1, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"long\"}", 12312313123L, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"float\"}", 0.0f, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("{\"type\": \"double\"}", 0.0, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", new float[] { 23.67f, 22.78f }, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", 100.89, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", "a", codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", new string[] { "a", "b" }, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new object[] { new byte[] { 1, 2 }, new byte[] { 3, 4 } }, codecType);
+                yield return new TestCaseData("[{\"type\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": [\"s1\", \"s2\"], \"name\": \"e\"}, \"string\"]", "h1", codecType);
             }
         }
 
@@ -393,51 +471,7 @@ public void TestNonSeekableStream(string schemaStr, object[] value, Codec.Type c
         /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
         /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", true, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", false, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", true, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"boolean\"}", false, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", null, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", true, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100L, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 100.75, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 23.67f, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", new float[] { 23.67f, 22.78f }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", 100.89, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", "a", Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", new string[] { "a", "b" }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new object[] { new byte[] { 1, 2 }, new byte[] { 3, 4 } }, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": [\"s1\", \"s2\"], \"name\": \"e\"}, \"string\"]", "h1", Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"string\"}", "John", Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"]}", null, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"int\"}", 1, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"boolean\"}", false, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"long\"}", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"float\"}", 0.0f, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"double\"}", 0.0, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        [TestCase("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", null, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"boolean\", \"null\"]", true, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100L, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 100.75, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 23.67f, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", new float[] { 23.67f, 22.78f }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", 100.89, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", "a", Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", new string[] { "a", "b" }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"bytes\"}, \"bytes\"]", new object[] { new byte[] { 1, 2 }, new byte[] { 3, 4 } }, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": [\"s1\", \"s2\"], \"name\": \"e\"}, \"string\"]", "h1", Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"string\"}", "John", Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"]}", null, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"int\"}", 1, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"boolean\"}", false, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"long\"}", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"float\"}", 0.0f, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"double\"}", 0.0, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"string\"}", "test", Codec.Type.Null)]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestPrimitiveDataSource))]
         public void TestPrimitiveData(string schemaStr, object value, Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             foreach(var rwFactory in GenericOptions<object>())
@@ -455,32 +489,28 @@ public void TestPrimitiveData(string schemaStr, object value, Codec.Type codecTy
             }
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestMetaDataSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                foreach (bool useTypeGetter in new bool[] { true, false })
+                {
+                    yield return new TestCaseData("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, codecType, useTypeGetter);
+                    yield return new TestCaseData("stringTest", "testVal", codecType, useTypeGetter);
+                    yield return new TestCaseData("longTest", 12312313123L, codecType, useTypeGetter);
+                    yield return new TestCaseData("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1 }, codecType, useTypeGetter);
+                    yield return new TestCaseData("longTest", -1211212L, codecType, useTypeGetter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reading & writing of header meta data
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
         /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Null, true)]
-        [TestCase("stringTest", "testVal", Codec.Type.Null, true)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Null, true)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1 }, Codec.Type.Null, true)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", -1211212L, Codec.Type.Null, true)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Deflate, true)]
-        [TestCase("stringTest", "testVal", Codec.Type.Deflate, true)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Deflate, true)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1 }, Codec.Type.Deflate, true)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", -21211212L, Codec.Type.Deflate, true)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Null, false)]
-        [TestCase("stringTest", "testVal", Codec.Type.Null, false)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Null, false)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1 }, Codec.Type.Null, false)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", -1211212L, Codec.Type.Null, false)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, Codec.Type.Deflate, false)]
-        [TestCase("stringTest", "testVal", Codec.Type.Deflate, false)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", 12312313123L, Codec.Type.Deflate, false)]
-        [TestCase("bytesTest", new byte[] { 1 }, Codec.Type.Deflate, false)]
-        [TestCase("longTest", -21211212L, Codec.Type.Deflate, false)]
+        /// <param name="useTypeGetter"></param>
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestMetaDataSource))]
         public void TestMetaData(string key, object value, Codec.Type codecType, bool useTypeGetter)
         {
             // create and write out
@@ -507,19 +537,27 @@ public void TestMetaData(string key, object value, Codec.Type codecType, bool us
             }
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestPartialReadSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 0, 330).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 1, 330).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 135, 330).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 194, 264).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3})");
+            }
+
+            // This is only for Null codec
+            yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 888, 165).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3})");
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Partial reading of file / stream from
         /// position in stream
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
-        /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 1, 330)] // 330
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 135, 330)] // 330
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 194, 264)] // 264
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 235, 264)] // 264
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 888, 165)] // 165
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 0, 330)] // 330
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestPartialReadSource))]
         public void TestPartialRead(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType, int position, int expectedRecords)
         {
             // create and write out
@@ -569,11 +607,9 @@ public void TestPartialRead(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType, int position
         /// Tests reading from sync boundaries.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
-        /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Deflate)]
-        public void TestPartialReadAll(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType)
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPartialReadAll([Values(specificSchema)] string schemaStr, [Values] Codec.Type codecType)
         {
             // create and write out
             IList<Foo> records = MakeRecords(GetTestFooObject());
@@ -636,14 +672,11 @@ public void TestPartialReadAll(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType)
         /// Test leaveOpen flag
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
-        /// <param name="value"></param>
         /// <param name="codecType"></param>
-        /// <param name="leaveOpen"></param>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, true, false)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, true, true)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, false, false)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, false, true)]
-        public void TestLeaveOpen(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType, bool leaveWriteOpen, bool leaveReadOpen)
+        /// <param name="leaveWriteOpen"></param>
+        /// <param name="leaveReadOpen"></param>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLeaveOpen([Values(specificSchema)] string schemaStr, [Values] Codec.Type codecType, [Values] bool leaveWriteOpen, [Values] bool leaveReadOpen)
         {
             // create and write out
             IList<Foo> records = MakeRecords(GetTestFooObject());
@@ -723,19 +756,23 @@ private static void AssertNumRecordsFromPosition( IFileReader<Foo> reader, long
             Assert.AreEqual( expectedRecords, readRecords, "didn't read expected records from position " + position );
         }
 
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> TestSyncAndSeekPositionsSource()
+        {
+            foreach (Codec.Type codecType in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Codec.Type)))
+            {
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 2, 0, 1).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3},{4})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 10, 1, 4).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3},{4})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 200, 111, 15).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3},{4})");
+                yield return new TestCaseData(specificSchema, codecType, 1000, 588, 998).SetName("{m}({1},{2},{3},{4})");
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reading all sync positions and
         /// verifying them with subsequent seek
         /// positions
         /// </summary>
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 2, 0, 1)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 10, 1, 4)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 200, 111, 15)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Null, 1000, 588, 998)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Deflate, 2, 0, 1)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Deflate, 10, 1, 4)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Deflate, 200, 111, 15)]
-        [TestCase(specificSchema, Codec.Type.Deflate, 1000, 588, 998)]
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestSyncAndSeekPositionsSource))]
         public void TestSyncAndSeekPositions(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType, int iterations, int firstSyncPosition, int secondSyncPosition)
         {
             // create and write out
@@ -775,7 +812,7 @@ public void TestSyncAndSeekPositions(string schemaStr, Codec.Type codecType, int
                     }
                 }
 
-                // verify syncs wth seeks
+                // verify syncs with seeks
                 reader.Sync(0); // first sync
                 Assert.AreEqual(reader.PreviousSync(), syncs[0],
                               string.Format("Error syncing reader to position: {0}", syncs[0]));
@@ -819,6 +856,130 @@ public void TestDifferentReaderSchema()
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reading & writing many specific record objects
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="codecType"></param>
+        /// <param name="numOfRecords"></param>
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLargeSpecificData([Values] Codec.Type codecType, [Values(0, 1000, 100000)] int numOfRecords)
+        {
+            foreach (var rwFactory in SpecificOptions<Foo>())
+            {
+                MemoryStream dataFileOutputStream = new MemoryStream();
+                Schema schema = Schema.Parse(specificSchema);
+                using (IFileWriter<Foo> dataFileWriter = rwFactory.CreateWriter(dataFileOutputStream, schema, Codec.CreateCodec(codecType)))
+                {
+                    for (int index = 0; index < numOfRecords; index++)
+                    {
+                        dataFileWriter.Append(new Foo() { name = $"Name-{index}", age = index });
+                    }
+                }
+
+                MemoryStream dataFileInputStream = new MemoryStream(dataFileOutputStream.ToArray());
+
+                // Read back and verify
+                using (IFileReader<Foo> reader = rwFactory.CreateReader(dataFileInputStream, null))
+                {
+                    int index = 0;
+                    foreach (Foo record in reader.NextEntries)
+                    {
+                        Assert.AreEqual($"Name-{index}", record.name);
+                        Assert.AreEqual(index, record.age);
+                        index++;
+                    }
+
+                    Assert.AreEqual(numOfRecords, index);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reading and writing using optional codecs
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="schemaStr"></param>
+        /// <param name="recs"></param>
+        [TestCase("zstd", true)]
+        [TestCase("deflate", false)]
+        [TestCase("null", false)]
+        [TestCase("snappy", false)]
+        [TestCase("bzip2", false)]
+        [TestCase("xz", false)]
+        [TestCase("zstandard", false)]
+        public void TestOptionalCodecs(string codecToUse, bool expectResolverProvidedCodec)
+        {
+            var resolverProvidedCodec = false;
+
+            var fakeCodec = new FakeZstdCodec();
+            Codec codecResolver(string codecString)
+            {
+                if (codecString == "zstd")
+                {
+                    resolverProvidedCodec = true;
+                    return fakeCodec;
+                }
+
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Codec.RegisterResolver(codecResolver);
+
+            RecordSchema schema = Schema.Parse( "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"n\", \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"string\"},"
+                + "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}" ) as RecordSchema;
+
+            foreach(var rwFactory in GenericOptions<GenericRecord>())
+            {
+                using (MemoryStream dataFileOutputStream = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    using (var writer = rwFactory.CreateWriter(dataFileOutputStream, schema, fakeCodec))
+                    {
+                        writer.Append(mkRecord(new [] { "f1", "f1val", "f2", "f2val" }, schema));
+                    }
+
+                    using (var dataFileInputStream = new MemoryStream(dataFileOutputStream.ToArray()))
+                    using (IFileReader<GenericRecord> reader = rwFactory.CreateReader(dataFileInputStream, schema))
+                    {
+                        GenericRecord result = reader.Next();
+                        Assert.AreEqual("f1val", result["f1"]);
+                        Assert.AreEqual("f2val", result["f2"]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectResolverProvidedCodec, resolverProvidedCodec);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("")]
+        [TestCase("blahblahblah")]
+        public void UnknownCodecFromStringException(string codec)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws(typeof(AvroRuntimeException), () => Codec.CreateCodecFromString(codec));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase((Codec.Type)(-1))] // "Invalid" Codec.Type
+        public void UnknownCodecFromType(Codec.Type codec)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws(typeof(AvroRuntimeException), () => Codec.CreateCodec(codec));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("deflate")]
+        [TestCase("null")]
+        [TestCase(null)] // If codec is absent, it is assumed to be "null"
+        [TestCase("snappy")]
+        [TestCase("bzip2")]
+        [TestCase("xz")]
+        [TestCase("zstandard")]
+        public void KnownCodecFromString(string codec)
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(Codec.CreateCodecFromString(codec));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KnownCodecFromType([Values] Codec.Type codec)
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(Codec.CreateCodec(codec));
+        }
+
         private bool CheckPrimitive<T>(Stream input, T value, ReaderWriterSet<T>.ReaderFactory createReader)
         {
             IFileReader<T> reader = createReader(input, null);
@@ -1048,4 +1209,40 @@ public override string ToString()
             return string.Format("Name: {0}, Age: {1}", name, age);
         }
     }
+
+    class FakeZstdCodec : Codec
+    {
+        private DeflateCodec _codec = new DeflateCodec();
+        public override byte[] Compress(byte[] uncompressedData)
+        {
+            return _codec.Compress(uncompressedData);
+        }
+
+        public override void Compress(MemoryStream inputStream, MemoryStream outputStream)
+        {
+            _codec.Compress(inputStream, outputStream);
+        }
+
+        public override byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, int length)
+        {
+            return _codec.Decompress(compressedData, length);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            if (other == null) return false;
+
+            return this == other;
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return GetName().GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        public override string GetName()
+        {
+            return "zstd";
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericEnumTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericEnumTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aba0038ea1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericEnumTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using Avro.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.test.Generic
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class GenericEnumTests
+    {
+        private const string baseSchema = "{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"symbols\": " +
+            "[\"Unknown\", \"A\", \"B\"], \"default\": \"Unknown\" }";
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEquals()
+        {
+            GenericEnum genericEnum = GetBaseGenericEnum();
+            GenericEnum genericEnum2 = GetBaseGenericEnum();
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(genericEnum.Equals(genericEnum2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsNotEqual()
+        {
+            GenericEnum genericEnum = GetBaseGenericEnum();
+            GenericEnum genericEnum2 = new GenericEnum(Schema.Parse(baseSchema) as EnumSchema, "B");
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(genericEnum.Equals(genericEnum2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsObject()
+        {
+            GenericEnum genericEnum = GetBaseGenericEnum();
+            object genericEnum2 = genericEnum;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(genericEnum.Equals(genericEnum2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsObjectNullObject()
+        {
+            GenericEnum genericEnum = GetBaseGenericEnum();
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(genericEnum.Equals(null));
+        }
+
+        private GenericEnum GetBaseGenericEnum()
+        {
+            GenericEnum genericEnum = new GenericEnum(Schema.Parse(baseSchema) as EnumSchema, "A");
+
+            return genericEnum;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericRecordTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericRecordTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ae0e6f7e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericRecordTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Avro.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.test.Generic
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class GenericRecordTests
+    {
+        private const string baseSchema = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
+            "[{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"boolean\"}]}";
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAddByFieldNameThrows()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            // Field does not exist
+            Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => { genericRecord.Add("badField", "test"); });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAddByPosition()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            genericRecord.Add(0, 2);
+
+            object value = genericRecord.GetValue(0);
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(value);
+            Assert.IsTrue(value is int);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, (int)value);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestAddByPositionThrows()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            Assert.Throws<IndexOutOfRangeException>(() => { genericRecord.Add(2, 2); });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEquals()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            GenericRecord genericRecord2 = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(genericRecord.Equals(genericRecord2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsNotEqual()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            GenericRecord genericRecord2 = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            genericRecord2.Add(0, 2);
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(genericRecord.Equals(genericRecord2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsObject()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            object genericRecord2 = genericRecord;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(genericRecord.Equals(genericRecord2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsObjectNotEqual()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            GenericRecord genericRecord2 = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            genericRecord2.Add(0, 2);
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(genericRecord.Equals((object)genericRecord2));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEqualsObjectNullObject()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(genericRecord.Equals((object)null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGetHashCode()
+        {
+            int hashCode = GetBaseGenericRecord().GetHashCode();
+            Assert.IsTrue(hashCode > 0);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestGetValue()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            object value = genericRecord.GetValue(0);
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(value);
+            Assert.IsTrue(value is int);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, (int)value);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestKeyValueLookup()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            // Key Exists
+            object existingKey = genericRecord["f2"];
+            Assert.IsNotNull(existingKey);
+            Assert.IsTrue(existingKey is int);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestKeyValueLookupThrows()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            // Key does not exist
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => { _ = genericRecord["badField"]; });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestToString()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+            string str = genericRecord.ToString();
+            string expectedValue = "Schema: {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
+                            "[{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":" +
+                            "\"boolean\"}]}, contents: { f2: 1, f1: True, }";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedValue, str);
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestFieldNames()
+        {
+            string schemaWithNames = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
+            "[{\"name\":\"歳以上\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}";
+
+            RecordSchema testSchema = Schema.Parse(schemaWithNames) as RecordSchema;
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = new GenericRecord(testSchema);
+            genericRecord.Add("歳以上", 1);
+
+            string str = genericRecord.ToString();
+            string expectedValue = "Schema: {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
+                            "[{\"name\":\"歳以上\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}, contents: { 歳以上: 1, }";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedValue, str);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTryGetValue()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            // Value exists
+            bool returnResult = genericRecord.TryGetValue("f2", out object result);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(returnResult);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+            Assert.IsTrue(result is int);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, (int)result);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTryGetValueByPosition()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            bool returnResult = genericRecord.TryGetValue(0, out object value);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(returnResult);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(value);
+            Assert.IsTrue(value is int);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, (int)value);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTryGetValueByPositionNotFound()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            bool returnResult = genericRecord.TryGetValue(3, out object value);
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(returnResult);
+            Assert.IsNull(value);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestTryGetValueNotFound()
+        {
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = GetBaseGenericRecord();
+
+            // Value exists
+            bool returnResult = genericRecord.TryGetValue("badField", out object result);
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(returnResult);
+            Assert.IsNull(result);
+        }
+
+        private GenericRecord GetBaseGenericRecord()
+        {
+            RecordSchema testSchema = Schema.Parse(baseSchema) as RecordSchema;
+            GenericRecord genericRecord = new GenericRecord(testSchema);
+            genericRecord.Add("f2", 1);
+            genericRecord.Add("f1", true);
+
+            return genericRecord;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericTests.cs
index 05aa5bc4944..b87ce69f890 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Generic/GenericTests.cs
@@ -17,16 +17,97 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
 using Avro.IO;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
 using Avro.Generic;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using Decoder = Avro.IO.Decoder;
+using Encoder = Avro.IO.Encoder;
 
 namespace Avro.Test.Generic
 {
     class GenericTests
     {
+        private static string intToUtf8(int value)
+        {
+            var decimalLogicalType = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
+            var logicalSchema = (LogicalSchema)
+                Schema.Parse(@"{ ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4 }");
+
+            byte[] byteArray = (byte[])decimalLogicalType.ConvertToBaseValue(new AvroDecimal(value), logicalSchema);
+
+            return Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1").GetString(byteArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConvertsDecimalZeroToLogicalType() => ConvertsDefaultToLogicalType(
+            @"{""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4}",
+            @$"""{intToUtf8(0)}""", new AvroDecimal(0));
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConvertsDecimalIntegerToLogicalType() => ConvertsDefaultToLogicalType(
+            @"{""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4}",
+            @$"""{intToUtf8(1234)}""", new AvroDecimal(1234));
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConvertsDecimalScaledToLogicalType() => ConvertsDefaultToLogicalType(
+            @"{""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": 3}",
+            @$"""{intToUtf8(1234)}""", new AvroDecimal(1.234));
+
+        private static IEnumerable<TestCaseData> ConvertsDefaultToLogicalTypeSource = new List<TestCaseData>()
+        {
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}", @"""00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000""", new Guid()),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}", @"""00000000000000000000000000000000""", new Guid()),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}", @"""12345678-1234-5678-1234-123456789012""", new Guid("12345678-1234-5678-1234-123456789012")),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}", @"""12345678123456781234123456789012""", new Guid("12345678-1234-5678-1234-123456789012")),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}", "0", DateTime.UnixEpoch),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}", "123456", DateTime.UnixEpoch.AddDays(123456)),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""}", "0", new TimeSpan()),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""}", "123456", new TimeSpan(123456*TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond/1000)),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""}", "0", new TimeSpan()),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""}", "123456", new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 123456)),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""}", "0", DateTime.UnixEpoch),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""}", "123456", DateTime.UnixEpoch.AddTicks(123456*TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond/1000)),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""}", "0", DateTime.UnixEpoch),
+            new TestCaseData(@"{""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""}", "123456", DateTime.UnixEpoch.AddMilliseconds(123456))
+        };
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(ConvertsDefaultToLogicalTypeSource))]
+        public void ConvertsDefaultToLogicalType(string typeDefinition, string defaultDefinition, object expected)
+        {
+            var writerSchemaString = @"{
+    ""type"": ""record"",
+    ""name"": ""Foo"",
+    ""fields"": [      
+    ]
+}";
+
+            var readerSchemaString = $@"{{
+    ""type"": ""record"",
+    ""name"": ""Foo"",
+    ""fields"": [
+        {{
+            ""name"": ""x"",
+            ""type"": {typeDefinition},
+            ""default"": {defaultDefinition}
+        }}
+    ]
+}}";
+            var writerSchema = Schema.Parse(writerSchemaString);
+
+            Stream stream;
+
+            serialize(writerSchemaString,
+                MkRecord(new object[] { }, (RecordSchema)writerSchema),
+                out stream,
+                out _);
+
+            var output = deserialize<GenericRecord>(stream, writerSchema, Schema.Parse(readerSchemaString)).GetValue(0);
+            
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, output);
+        }
+
         private static void test<T>(string s, T value)
         {
             Stream ms;
@@ -47,6 +128,18 @@ private static void test<T>(string s, T value)
         [TestCase("[\"int\", \"long\"]", 100L)]
         [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 100.75)]
         [TestCase("[\"float\", \"double\"]", 23.67f)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", 0)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", 0.0f)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", 100)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", 100.0f)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", -100)]
+        [TestCase("[\"float\", \"int\"]", -100.0f)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", 0L)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", 0.0)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", 100L)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", 100.0)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", -100L)]
+        [TestCase("[\"double\", \"long\"]", -100.0)]
         [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", new float[] { 23.67f, 22.78f })]
         [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"float\"}, \"double\"]", 100.89)]
         [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"string\"}, \"string\"]", "a")]
@@ -98,7 +191,7 @@ public void TestPrimitive(string schema, object value)
             new object[] { "f1", new byte[] { 1, 2 } })]
         public void TestRecord(string schema, object[] kv)
         {
-            test(schema, mkRecord(kv, Schema.Parse(schema) as RecordSchema));
+            test(schema, MkRecord(kv, Schema.Parse(schema) as RecordSchema));
         }
 
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"string\"}",
@@ -166,7 +259,7 @@ public void TestLogical_Decimal_Fixed()
             new object[] { "f1", "v1" })]
         public void TestUnion_record(string unionSchema, string recordSchema, object[] value)
         {
-            test(unionSchema, mkRecord(value, Schema.Parse(recordSchema) as RecordSchema));
+            test(unionSchema, MkRecord(value, Schema.Parse(recordSchema) as RecordSchema));
         }
 
         [TestCase("[{\"type\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": [\"s1\", \"s2\"], \"name\": \"e\"}, \"string\"]",
@@ -344,8 +437,8 @@ public void TestResolution_enum()
             new object[] { "f1", true, "f2", "d" }, Description = "Default field")]
         public void TestResolution_record(string ws, object[] actual, string rs, object[] expected)
         {
-            TestResolution(ws, mkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs,
-                mkRecord(expected, Schema.Parse(rs) as RecordSchema));
+            TestResolution(ws, MkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs,
+                MkRecord(expected, Schema.Parse(rs) as RecordSchema));
         }
 
         [TestCase("{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"int\"}", new object[] { "a", 100, "b", -202 },
@@ -419,11 +512,11 @@ public void TestResolutionMismatch_record(string ws, object[] actual, string rs,
         {
             if (expectedExceptionType != null)
             {
-                Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => { testResolutionMismatch(ws, mkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs); });
+                Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => { testResolutionMismatch(ws, MkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs); });
             }
             else
             {
-                testResolutionMismatch(ws, mkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs);
+                testResolutionMismatch(ws, MkRecord(actual, Schema.Parse(ws) as RecordSchema), rs);
             }
         }
 
@@ -491,7 +584,7 @@ public void TestRecordEquality_arrayFieldnotEqual()
                 "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
                 "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"int\"}}]}");
 
-            Func<int[], GenericRecord> makeRec = arr => mkRecord(new object[] { "a", arr }, schema);
+            Func<int[], GenericRecord> makeRec = arr => MkRecord(new object[] { "a", arr }, schema);
 
             var rec1 = makeRec(new[] { 69, 23 });
             var rec2 = makeRec(new[] { 42, 11 });
@@ -506,7 +599,7 @@ public void TestRecordEquality_arrayFieldequal()
                 "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
                 "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"int\"}}]}");
 
-            Func<int[], GenericRecord> makeRec = arr => mkRecord(new object[] { "a", arr }, schema);
+            Func<int[], GenericRecord> makeRec = arr => MkRecord(new object[] { "a", arr }, schema);
 
             // Intentionally duplicated so reference equality doesn't apply
             var rec1 = makeRec(new[] { 89, 12, 66 });
@@ -522,7 +615,7 @@ public void TestRecordEquality_mapFieldequal()
                 "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
                 "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"int\"}}]}");
 
-            Func<int, GenericRecord> makeRec = value => mkRecord(
+            Func<int, GenericRecord> makeRec = value => MkRecord(
                 new object[] { "a", new Dictionary<string, int> { { "key", value } } }, schema);
 
             var rec1 = makeRec(52);
@@ -538,7 +631,7 @@ public void TestRecordEquality_mapFieldnotEqual()
                 "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"r\",\"fields\":" +
                 "[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"int\"}}]}");
 
-            Func<int, GenericRecord> makeRec = value => mkRecord(
+            Func<int, GenericRecord> makeRec = value => MkRecord(
                 new object[] { "a", new Dictionary<string, int> { { "key", value } } }, schema);
 
             var rec1 = makeRec(69);
@@ -547,7 +640,7 @@ public void TestRecordEquality_mapFieldnotEqual()
             Assert.AreNotEqual(rec1, rec2);
         }
 
-        private static GenericRecord mkRecord(object[] kv, RecordSchema s)
+        public static GenericRecord MkRecord(object[] kv, RecordSchema s)
         {
             GenericRecord input = new GenericRecord(s);
             for (int i = 0; i < kv.Length; i += 2)
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/BinaryCodecTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/BinaryCodecTests.cs
index a6a1731e2d8..a638b73fea2 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/BinaryCodecTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/BinaryCodecTests.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
 using Avro.IO;
 
 namespace Avro.Test
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ namespace Avro.Test
     delegate void Encode<T>(Encoder e, T t);
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Tests the BinaryEncoder and BinaryDecoder. This is pertty general set of test cases and hence
+    /// Tests the BinaryEncoder and BinaryDecoder. This is pretty general set of test cases and hence
     /// can be used for any encoder and its corresponding decoder.
     /// </summary>
     [TestFixture]
@@ -214,23 +215,105 @@ public void TestString(string n, int overhead)
             TestSkip(n, (Decoder d) => d.SkipString(), (Encoder e, string t) => e.WriteString(t), overhead + n.Length);
         }
 
-#if NETCOREAPP3_1
+#if NETCOREAPP3_1_OR_GREATER
         [Test]
-        public void TestLargeString()
+        public void TestStringReadIntoArrayPool()
         {
+            const int maxFastReadLength = 4096;
+
             // Create a 16KB buffer in the Array Pool
             var largeBufferToSeedPool = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(2 << 14);
             ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(largeBufferToSeedPool);
 
-            // Create a slightly less than 16KB buffer, which will use the 16KB buffer in the pool
-            var n = string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat("1234567890", 1600));
-            var overhead = 3;
+            var n = string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat("A", maxFastReadLength));
+            var overhead = 2;
 
             TestRead(n, (Decoder d) => d.ReadString(), (Encoder e, string t) => e.WriteString(t), overhead + n.Length);
-            TestSkip(n, (Decoder d) => d.SkipString(), (Encoder e, string t) => e.WriteString(t), overhead + n.Length);
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestStringReadByBinaryReader()
+        {
+            const int overhead = 2;
+            const int maxFastReadLength = 4096;
+            const int expectedStringLength = maxFastReadLength + 1;
+            var n = string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat("A", expectedStringLength));
+
+            TestRead(n, (Decoder d) => d.ReadString(), (Encoder e, string t) => e.WriteString(t), expectedStringLength + overhead);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInvalidInputWithNegativeStringLength()
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream iostr = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                Encoder e = new BinaryEncoder(iostr);
+
+                e.WriteLong(-1);
+
+                iostr.Flush();
+                iostr.Position = 0;
+                Decoder d = new BinaryDecoder(iostr);
+
+                var exception = Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => d.ReadString());
+
+                Assert.NotNull(exception);
+                Assert.AreEqual("Can not deserialize a string with negative length!", exception.Message);
+                iostr.Close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInvalidInputWithMaxIntAsStringLength()
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream iostr = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                Encoder e = new BinaryEncoder(iostr);
+
+                e.WriteLong(int.MaxValue);
+                e.WriteBytes(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("SomeSmallString"));
+
+                iostr.Flush();
+                iostr.Position = 0;
+                Decoder d = new BinaryDecoder(iostr);
+
+                var exception = Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => d.ReadString());
+
+                Assert.NotNull(exception);
+                Assert.AreEqual("String length is not supported!", exception.Message);
+                iostr.Close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestInvalidInputWithMaxArrayLengthAsStringLength()
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream iostr = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                Encoder e = new BinaryEncoder(iostr);
+
+#if NETCOREAPP3_1_OR_GREATER
+                const int maximumArrayLength = 0x7FFFFFC7;
+#else
+                const int maximumArrayLength = 0x7FFFFFFF / 2;
 #endif
 
+                e.WriteLong(maximumArrayLength);
+                e.WriteBytes(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("SomeSmallString"));
+
+                iostr.Flush();
+                iostr.Position = 0;
+                Decoder d = new BinaryDecoder(iostr);
+
+                var exception = Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => d.ReadString());
+
+                Assert.NotNull(exception);
+                Assert.AreEqual("Could not read as many bytes from stream as expected!", exception.Message);
+                iostr.Close();
+            }
+        }
+
         [TestCase(0, 1)]
         [TestCase(1, 1)]
         [TestCase(64, 2)]
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/JsonCodecTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/JsonCodecTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c909275594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/IO/JsonCodecTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Avro.Generic;
+using Avro.IO;
+using Avro.Specific;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+
+namespace Avro.Test
+{
+    using Decoder = Avro.IO.Decoder;
+    using Encoder = Avro.IO.Encoder;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests the JsonEncoder and JsonDecoder.
+    /// </summary>
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class JsonCodecTests
+    {
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"r\", \"fields\": [ " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\" }, " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f2\", \"type\": \"float\" } " +
+                  "] }",
+            "{ \"f2\": 10.4, \"f1\": 10 } ")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": [ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", " \"s1\" ")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": [ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", " \"s2\" ")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"f\", \"size\": 5 }", "\"hello\"")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\" }", "[ 10, 20, 30 ]")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"int\" }", "{ \"k1\": 10, \"k2\": 20, \"k3\": 30 }")]
+        [TestCase("[ \"int\", \"long\" ]", "{ \"int\": 10 }")]
+        [TestCase("\"string\"", "\"hello\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"bytes\"", "\"hello\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"int\"", "10")]
+        [TestCase("\"long\"", "10")]
+        [TestCase("\"float\"", "10.0")]
+        [TestCase("\"double\"", "10.0")]
+        [TestCase("\"boolean\"", "true")]
+        [TestCase("\"boolean\"", "false")]
+        [TestCase("\"null\"", "null")]
+        public void TestJsonAllTypesValidValues(String schemaStr, String value)
+        {
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaStr);
+            byte[] avroBytes = fromJsonToAvro(value, schema);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(JToken.DeepEquals(JToken.Parse(value),
+                JToken.Parse(fromAvroToJson(avroBytes, schema, true))));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"r\", \"fields\": [ " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\" }, " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f2\", \"type\": \"float\" } " +
+                  "] }",
+            "{ \"f4\": 10.4, \"f3\": 10 } ")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": [ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", " \"s3\" ")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"f\", \"size\": 10 }", "\"hello\"")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\" }", "[ \"10\", \"20\", \"30\" ]")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"int\" }", "{ \"k1\": \"10\", \"k2\": \"20\"}")]
+        [TestCase("[ \"int\", \"long\" ]", "10")]
+        [TestCase("\"string\"", "10")]
+        [TestCase("\"bytes\"", "10")]
+        [TestCase("\"int\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"long\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"float\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"double\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"boolean\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"boolean\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        [TestCase("\"null\"", "\"hi\"")]
+        public void TestJsonAllTypesInvalidValues(String schemaStr, String value)
+        {
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaStr);
+            Assert.Throws<AvroTypeException>(() => fromJsonToAvro(value, schema));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"r\", \"fields\": [ " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\" }, " +
+                  " { \"name\" : \"f2\", \"type\": \"float\" } " +
+                  "] }",
+            "{ \"f2\": 10.4, \"f1")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": [ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", "s1")]
+        [TestCase("\"string\"", "\"hi")]
+        public void TestJsonMalformed(String schemaStr, String value)
+        {
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaStr);
+            Assert.Throws<JsonReaderException>(() => fromJsonToAvro(value, schema));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsFalse()
+        {
+            string value = "{\"b\": {\"string\":\"myVal\"}, \"a\": 1}";
+            string schemaStr = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [" +
+                               "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": [\"null\", \"string\"]}" +
+                               "]}";
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaStr);
+            byte[] avroBytes = fromJsonToAvro(value, schema);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(JToken.DeepEquals(JObject.Parse("{\"b\":\"myVal\",\"a\":1}"),
+                JObject.Parse(fromAvroToJson(avroBytes, schema, false))));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsTrue()
+        {
+            string value = "{\"b\": {\"string\":\"myVal\"}, \"a\": 1}";
+            string schemaStr = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [" +
+                               "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": [\"null\", \"string\"]}" +
+                               "]}";
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaStr);
+            byte[] avroBytes = fromJsonToAvro(value, schema);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(JToken.DeepEquals(JObject.Parse("{\"b\":{\"string\":\"myVal\"},\"a\":1}"),
+                JObject.Parse(fromAvroToJson(avroBytes, schema, true))));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonRecordOrdering()
+        {
+            string value = "{\"b\": 2, \"a\": 1}";
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [" +
+                                         "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": \"int\"}" +
+                                         "]}");
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(schema, value);
+            object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}", fromDatumToJson(o, schema, false));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonRecordOrdering2()
+        {
+            string value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n" +
+                                         "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n" +
+                                         "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}},\n" +
+                                         "{\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"B\",\"fields\":\n" +
+                                         "[{\"name\":\"b1\", \"type\":\"string\"}, {\"name\":\"b2\", \"type\":\"float\"}, {\"name\":\"b3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}}\n" +
+                                         "]}");
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(schema, value);
+            object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("{\"a\":{\"a1\":null,\"a2\":true},\"b\":{\"b1\":\"h\",\"b2\":3.14,\"b3\":1.4}}",
+                fromDatumToJson(o, schema, false));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection()
+        {
+            String value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
+            Schema writerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}},\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"B\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"b1\", \"type\":\"string\"}, {\"name\":\"b2\", \"type\":\"float\"}, {\"name\":\"b3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}}\n"
+                                               + "]}");
+            Schema readerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}}\n" +
+                                               "]}");
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(writerSchema, value);
+            Object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("{\"a\":{\"a1\":null,\"a2\":true}}",
+                fromDatumToJson(o, readerSchema, false));
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection2()
+        {
+            String value =
+                "{\"b\": { \"b1\": \"h\", \"b2\": [3.14, 3.56], \"b3\": 1.4}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
+            Schema writerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}},\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"B\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"b1\", \"type\":\"string\"}, {\"name\":\"b2\", \"type\":{\"type\":\"array\", \"items\":\"float\"}}, {\"name\":\"b3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}}\n"
+                                               + "]}");
+
+            Schema readerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
+                                               + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
+                                               + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}}\n" +
+                                               "]}");
+
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(writerSchema, value);
+            object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("{\"a\":{\"a1\":null,\"a2\":true}}",
+                fromDatumToJson(o, readerSchema, false));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{\"int\":123}")]
+        [TestCase("{\"string\":\"12345678-1234-5678-1234-123456789012\"}")]
+        [TestCase("null")]
+        public void TestJsonUnionWithLogicalTypes(String value)
+        {
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(
+                "[\"null\",\n" +
+                "    { \"type\": \"int\", \"logicalType\": \"date\" },\n" +
+                "    { \"type\": \"string\", \"logicalType\": \"uuid\" }\n" +
+                "]");
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(schema, value);
+            object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, fromDatumToJson(o, schema, true));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{\"int\":123}")]
+        [TestCase("{\"com.myrecord\":{\"f1\":123}}")]
+        [TestCase("null")]
+        public void TestJsonUnionWithRecord(String value)
+        {
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(
+                "[\"null\",\n" +
+                "    { \"type\": \"int\", \"logicalType\": \"date\" },\n" +
+                "    {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"myrecord\", \"namespace\":\"com\"," +
+                "        \"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\": \"int\"}]}" +
+                "]");
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(schema, value);
+            object o = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, fromDatumToJson(o, schema, true));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("int", 1)]
+        [TestCase("long", 1L)]
+        [TestCase("float", 1.0F)]
+        [TestCase("double", 1.0)]
+        public void TestJsonDecoderNumeric(string type, object value)
+        {
+            string def = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X\",\"fields\":" + "[{\"type\":\"" + type +
+                         "\",\"name\":\"n\"}]}";
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(def);
+            DatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord>(schema, schema);
+
+            string[] records = { "{\"n\":1}", "{\"n\":1.0}" };
+
+            foreach (GenericRecord g in records.Select(r => reader.Read(null, new JsonDecoder(schema, r))))
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, g["n"]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that even if the order of fields in JSON is different from the order in schema, it works.
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonDecoderReorderFields()
+        {
+            String w = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"R\",\"fields\":" + "[{\"type\":\"long\",\"name\":\"l\"},"
+                                                                         + "{\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"int\"},\"name\":\"a\"}" +
+                                                                         "]}";
+            Schema ws = Schema.Parse(w);
+            String data = "{\"a\":[1,2],\"l\":100}";
+            JsonDecoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(ws, data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(100, decoder.ReadLong());
+            decoder.SkipArray();
+            data = "{\"l\": 200, \"a\":[1,2]}";
+            decoder = new JsonDecoder(ws, data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(200, decoder.ReadLong());
+            decoder.SkipArray();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonDecoderSpecificDatumWriterWithArrayAndMap()
+        {
+            Root data = new Root();
+            Item item = new Item { id = 123456 };
+            data.myarray = new List<Item> { item };
+            data.mymap = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "1", 1 }, { "2", 2 }, { "3", 3 }, { "4", 4 } };
+
+            DatumWriter<Root> writer = new SpecificDatumWriter<Root>(data.Schema);
+
+            ByteBufferOutputStream bbos = new ByteBufferOutputStream();
+
+            Encoder encoder = new JsonEncoder(data.Schema, bbos);
+            writer.Write(data, encoder);
+            encoder.Flush();
+
+            List<MemoryStream> listStreams = bbos.GetBufferList();
+
+            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(listStreams[0]))
+            {
+                String output = reader.ReadToEnd();
+                Assert.AreEqual("{\"myarray\":[{\"id\":123456}],\"mymap\":{\"map\":{\"1\":1,\"2\":2,\"3\":3,\"4\":4}}}", output);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestJsonDecoderSpecificDefaultWriterWithArrayAndMap()
+        {
+            Root data = new Root();
+            Item item = new Item { id = 123456 };
+            data.myarray = new List<Item> { item };
+            data.mymap = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "1", 1 }, { "2", 2 }, { "3", 3 }, { "4", 4 } };
+
+            SpecificDefaultWriter writer = new SpecificDefaultWriter(data.Schema);
+
+            ByteBufferOutputStream bbos = new ByteBufferOutputStream();
+
+            Encoder encoder = new JsonEncoder(data.Schema, bbos);
+            writer.Write(data, encoder);
+            encoder.Flush();
+
+            List<MemoryStream> listStreams = bbos.GetBufferList();
+
+            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(listStreams[0]))
+            {
+                String output = reader.ReadToEnd();
+                Assert.AreEqual("{\"myarray\":[{\"id\":123456}],\"mymap\":{\"map\":{\"1\":1,\"2\":2,\"3\":3,\"4\":4}}}", output);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private byte[] fromJsonToAvro(string json, Schema schema)
+        {
+            DatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+            GenericDatumWriter<object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<object>(schema);
+            MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream();
+
+            Decoder decoder = new JsonDecoder(schema, json);
+            Encoder encoder = new BinaryEncoder(output);
+
+            object datum = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+
+            writer.Write(datum, encoder);
+            encoder.Flush();
+            output.Flush();
+
+            return output.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private string fromAvroToJson(byte[] avroBytes, Schema schema, bool includeNamespace)
+        {
+            GenericDatumReader<object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<object>(schema, schema);
+
+            Decoder decoder = new BinaryDecoder(new MemoryStream(avroBytes));
+            object datum = reader.Read(null, decoder);
+            return fromDatumToJson(datum, schema, includeNamespace);
+        }
+
+        private string fromDatumToJson(object datum, Schema schema, bool includeNamespace)
+        {
+            DatumWriter<object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<object>(schema);
+            MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream();
+
+            JsonEncoder encoder = new JsonEncoder(schema, output);
+            encoder.IncludeNamespace = includeNamespace;
+            writer.Write(datum, encoder);
+            encoder.Flush();
+            output.Flush();
+
+            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(output.ToArray());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public partial class Root : global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord
+    {
+        public static global::Avro.Schema _SCHEMA = global::Avro.Schema.Parse(
+            "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Root\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"myarray" +
+            "\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Item\",\"namespace\":\"Avr" +
+            "o.Test\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"type\":\"long\"}]}}},{\"name\":\"mymap\",\"default\":null," +
+            "\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"int\"}]}]}");
+        private IList<Avro.Test.Item> _myarray;
+        private IDictionary<string,System.Int32> _mymap;
+
+        public virtual global::Avro.Schema Schema
+        {
+            get { return Root._SCHEMA; }
+        }
+
+        public IList<Avro.Test.Item> myarray
+        {
+            get { return this._myarray; }
+            set { this._myarray = value; }
+        }
+
+        public IDictionary<string,System.Int32> mymap
+        {
+            get { return this._mymap; }
+            set { this._mymap = value; }
+        }
+
+        public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0: return this.myarray;
+                case 1: return this.mymap;
+                default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0:
+                    this.myarray = (IList<Avro.Test.Item>)fieldValue;
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    this.mymap = (IDictionary<string,System.Int32>)fieldValue;
+                    break;
+                default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public partial class Item : global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord
+    {
+        public static global::Avro.Schema _SCHEMA = global::Avro.Schema.Parse(
+            "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Item\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"ty" +
+            "pe\":\"long\"}]}");
+
+        private long _id;
+
+        public virtual global::Avro.Schema Schema
+        {
+            get { return Item._SCHEMA; }
+        }
+
+        public long id
+        {
+            get { return this._id; }
+            set { this._id = value; }
+        }
+
+        public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0: return this.id;
+                default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0:
+                    this.id = (System.Int64)fieldValue;
+                    break;
+                default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataConstants.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataConstants.cs
index 94bfb408d18..170e28eb5fa 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataConstants.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataConstants.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ public class InteropDataConstants
         public static readonly HashSet<string> SupportedCodecNames = new HashSet<string>
         {
             DataFileConstants.NullCodec,
-            DataFileConstants.DeflateCodec
+            DataFileConstants.DeflateCodec,
+            DataFileConstants.SnappyCodec,
+            DataFileConstants.BZip2Codec,
+            DataFileConstants.XZCodec,
+            DataFileConstants.ZstandardCodec
         };
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataGenerator.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataGenerator.cs
index 10c06f79480..7aa10c0e65a 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataGenerator.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataGenerator.cs
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ static void GenerateInteropData(string schemaPath, string outputDir)
                 var codec = Codec.CreateCodecFromString(codecName);
                 using (var dataFileWriter = DataFileWriter<GenericRecord>.OpenWriter(datumWriter, outputPath, codec))
                 {
+                    dataFileWriter.SetMeta("user_metadata", "someByteArray");
                     dataFileWriter.Append(record);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataTests.cs
index 7215df4321c..4f66a7e4459 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Interop/InteropDataTests.cs
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ public void TestInterop(string inputDir)
                 using(var reader = DataFileReader<GenericRecord>.OpenReader(avroFile))
                 {
                     int i = 0;
+                    string userMetadata = reader.GetMetaString("user_metadata");
+                    if (userMetadata != null)
+                    {
+                        Assert.AreEqual("someByteArray", userMetadata);
+                    }
                     foreach (var record in reader.NextEntries)
                     {
                         i++;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestLogicalSchema.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestLogicalSchema.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c18da4068ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestLogicalSchema.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Avro.IO;
+using Avro.Reflect;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.test.Reflect
+{
+    public class TestLogicalSchema
+    {
+        [TestCase]
+        public void WriteAndReadObjectsWithLogicalSchemaFields_WithNullValues()
+        {
+            //Arrange
+            var obj = new TestObject
+            {
+                AvroDecimalNullableProperty = null,
+                AvroDecimalProperty = 13.42m,
+                GuidNullableProperty = null,
+                GuidProperty = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                DateNullableProperty = null,
+                DateProperty = new DateTime(2022, 05, 26, 14, 57, 24, 123),
+                DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty = null,
+                DateTimeMicrosecondProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty = null,
+                DateTimeMillisecondProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty = null,
+                TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+                TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty = null,
+                TimeSpanMillisecondProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+            };
+
+            var schema = Schema.Parse(SchemaJson);
+            var writer = new ReflectWriter<TestObject>(schema);
+            var reader = new ReflectReader<TestObject>(schema, schema);
+            var writeStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var writeBinaryEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(writeStream);
+
+            //Act
+            writer.Write(obj, writeBinaryEncoder);
+            var data = writeStream.ToArray();
+
+            var readStream = new MemoryStream(data);
+            var result = reader.Read(null, new BinaryDecoder(readStream));
+
+            //Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.AvroDecimalNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.AvroDecimalProperty, result.AvroDecimalProperty);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.GuidNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.GuidProperty, result.GuidProperty);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(obj.DateNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.DateProperty.Date, result.DateProperty);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMicrosecondProperty.Ticks / 10 ) * 10, result.DateTimeMicrosecondProperty.Ticks);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMillisecondProperty.Ticks / 10000) * 10000, result.DateTimeMillisecondProperty.Ticks);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty, result.TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty);
+
+            Assert.IsNull(result.TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMillisecondProperty, result.TimeSpanMillisecondProperty);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void WriteAndReadObjectsWithLogicalSchemaFields_WithoutNullValues()
+        {
+            //Arrange
+            var obj = new TestObject
+            {
+                AvroDecimalNullableProperty = 136.42m,
+                AvroDecimalProperty = 13.42m,
+                GuidNullableProperty = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                GuidProperty = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                DateNullableProperty = new DateTime(2022, 05, 26, 14, 57, 24, 123),
+                DateProperty = new DateTime(2022, 05, 26, 14, 57, 24, 123),
+                DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                DateTimeMicrosecondProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                DateTimeMillisecondProperty = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+                TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+                TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+                TimeSpanMillisecondProperty = new TimeSpan(23, 59, 59),
+            };
+
+            var schema = Schema.Parse(SchemaJson);
+            var writer = new ReflectWriter<TestObject>(schema);
+            var reader = new ReflectReader<TestObject>(schema, schema);
+            var writeStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var writeBinaryEncoder = new BinaryEncoder(writeStream);
+
+            //Act
+            writer.Write(obj, writeBinaryEncoder);
+            var data = writeStream.ToArray();
+
+            var readStream = new MemoryStream(data);
+            var result = reader.Read(null, new BinaryDecoder(readStream));
+
+            //Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.AvroDecimalNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.AvroDecimalNullableProperty, result.AvroDecimalNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.AvroDecimalProperty, result.AvroDecimalProperty);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.GuidNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.GuidNullableProperty, result.GuidNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.GuidProperty, result.GuidProperty);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.DateProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.DateNullableProperty?.Date, result.DateProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.DateProperty.Date, result.DateProperty);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty?.Ticks / 10) * 10, result.DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty?.Ticks);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMicrosecondProperty.Ticks / 10) * 10, result.DateTimeMicrosecondProperty.Ticks);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty?.Ticks / 10000) * 10000, result.DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty?.Ticks);
+            Assert.AreEqual((obj.DateTimeMillisecondProperty.Ticks / 10000) * 10000, result.DateTimeMillisecondProperty.Ticks);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty, result.TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty, result.TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(result.TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty, result.TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty);
+            Assert.AreEqual(obj.TimeSpanMillisecondProperty, result.TimeSpanMillisecondProperty);
+        }
+
+        private const string SchemaJson = @"
+{
+  ""type"" : ""record"",
+  ""namespace"" : ""Avro.test.Reflect.Converters"",
+  ""name"" : ""TestObject"",
+  ""fields"" : [
+    { ""name"" : ""AvroDecimalNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 6, ""scale"": 2 }] },
+    { ""name"" : ""AvroDecimalProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 6, ""scale"": 2 } },
+    { ""name"" : ""GuidNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""GuidProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""} },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""date""} },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateTimeMicrosecondProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-micros""} },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""DateTimeMillisecondProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""timestamp-millis""} },
+    { ""name"" : ""TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""long"", ""logicalType"": ""time-micros""} },
+    { ""name"" : ""TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty"" , ""type"" : [""null"", { ""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""}] },
+    { ""name"" : ""TimeSpanMillisecondProperty"" , ""type"" : { ""type"": ""int"", ""logicalType"": ""time-millis""} }
+  ]
+}
+";
+
+        public class TestObject
+        {
+            public AvroDecimal? AvroDecimalNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public AvroDecimal AvroDecimalProperty { get; set; }
+            public Guid? GuidNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public Guid GuidProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? DateNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime DateProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? DateTimeMicrosecondNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime DateTimeMicrosecondProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? DateTimeMillisecondNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public DateTime DateTimeMillisecondProperty { get; set; }
+            public TimeSpan? TimeSpanMicrosecondNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public TimeSpan TimeSpanMicrosecondProperty { get; set; }
+            public TimeSpan? TimeSpanMillisecondNullableProperty { get; set; }
+            public TimeSpan TimeSpanMillisecondProperty { get; set; }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestReflect.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestReflect.cs
index bea5ef23f9a..5cf57253978 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestReflect.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Reflect/TestReflect.cs
@@ -40,17 +40,22 @@ class EnumResolutionRecord
             public EnumResolutionEnum enumType { get; set; }
         }
 
+        class NullableEnumResolutionRecord
+        {
+            public EnumResolutionEnum? enumType { get; set; }
+        }
+
         [TestCase]
         public void TestEnumResolution()
         {
             Schema writerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"EnumRecord\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\"," +
-                                        "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\": { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"EnumType\", \"symbols\": [\"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]} }]}");
+                                               "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\": { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"EnumType\", \"symbols\": [\"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]} }]}");
 
             var testRecord = new EnumResolutionRecord();
 
             Schema readerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"EnumRecord\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\"," +
-                                        "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\": { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\":" +
-                                        " \"EnumType\", \"symbols\": [\"THIRD\", \"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]} }]}");;
+                                               "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\": { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\":" +
+                                               " \"EnumType\", \"symbols\": [\"THIRD\", \"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]} }]}");;
             testRecord.enumType = EnumResolutionEnum.SECOND;
 
             // serialize
@@ -61,6 +66,28 @@ public void TestEnumResolution()
             Assert.AreEqual( EnumResolutionEnum.SECOND, rec2.enumType );
         }
 
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestNullableEnumResolution()
+        {
+            Schema writerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"EnumRecord\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\"," +
+                                        "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\":[\"null\", { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": " +
+                                        "\"EnumType\",\"symbols\": [\"THIRD\", \"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]}] }]}");
+
+            var testRecord = new NullableEnumResolutionRecord();
+
+            Schema readerSchema = Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"EnumRecord\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test\"," +
+                                               "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"enumType\",\"type\":[\"null\", { \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": " +
+                                               "\"EnumType\", \"symbols\": [\"THIRD\", \"FIRST\", \"SECOND\"]}] }]}");
+            testRecord.enumType = EnumResolutionEnum.SECOND;
+
+            // serialize
+            var stream = serialize(writerSchema, testRecord);
+
+            // deserialize
+            var rec2 = deserialize<NullableEnumResolutionRecord>(stream, writerSchema, readerSchema);
+            Assert.AreEqual( EnumResolutionEnum.SECOND, rec2.enumType );
+        }
+
         private static S deserialize<S>(Stream ms, Schema ws, Schema rs) where S : class
         {
             long initialPos = ms.Position;
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasTest.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasTest.cs
index 422e07fc60b..b9a31bb8170 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasTest.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasTest.cs
@@ -73,9 +73,8 @@ public void TestAliases(string s, bool valid)   // also tests properties, defaul
 
                 Assert.IsTrue(json == json2);
             }
-            catch (Exception ex)
+            catch (Exception)
             {
-                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                 Assert.IsFalse(valid);
             }
         }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasesTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasesTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27ad4b23efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/AliasesTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.Test
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class AliasesTests
+    {
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestNoNamespace()
+        {
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new SchemaName("alias", null, null, null) }, Aliases.GetSchemaNames(new[] { "alias" }, "name", null));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestTypeWithNamespace()
+        {
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new SchemaName("space.alias", null, null, null) }, Aliases.GetSchemaNames(new[] { "alias" }, "name", "space"));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestTypeWithNamespaceInName()
+        {
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new SchemaName("space.alias", null, null, null) }, Aliases.GetSchemaNames(new[] { "alias" }, "space.name", null));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestAliasWithNamespace()
+        {
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new SchemaName("name.alias", null, null, null) }, Aliases.GetSchemaNames(new[] { "name.alias" }, "space.name", null));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/ArraySchemaTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/ArraySchemaTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b8b7d3139c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/ArraySchemaTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.test
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ArraySchemaTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualsNullCheck()
+        {
+            string schemaString = "{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}";
+            ArraySchema nullSchema = null;
+
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaString);
+
+            if (schema is ArraySchema arraySchema)
+            {
+                Assert.False(arraySchema.Equals(nullSchema));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.Fail("Must be an array schema");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualsNotArraySchema()
+        {
+            string schemaString = "[\"string\", \"null\", \"long\"]";
+            string arraySchemaString = "{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}";
+            ArraySchema arraySchema = Schema.Parse(arraySchemaString) as ArraySchema;
+            Schema schema = Schema.Parse(schemaString);
+
+            Assert.False(arraySchema.Equals(schema));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaNormalizationTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaNormalizationTests.cs
index 1e670677a48..c6296395153 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaNormalizationTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaNormalizationTests.cs
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ public class SchemaNormalizationTests
         private static readonly long One = -9223372036854775808;
         private static readonly byte[] Postfix = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
+        [Test]
+        public void TestLogicalType()
+        {
+            var schema = @"[""int"", {""type"": ""string"", ""logicalType"": ""uuid""}]";
+            string pcf = SchemaNormalization.ToParsingForm(Schema.Parse(schema));
+            Assert.AreEqual(@"[""int"",""string""]", pcf);
+        }
+
         [Test, TestCaseSource("ProvideCanonicalTestCases")]
         public void CanonicalTest(string input, string expectedOutput)
         {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaTests.cs
index 93a86a9734a..319e9a95be3 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Schema/SchemaTests.cs
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
  */
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Text;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using Avro;
+using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Avro.Test
 {
@@ -89,6 +88,7 @@ public class SchemaTests
         // Array
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}")]
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"array\",\"items\": {\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"symbols\": [\"A\", \"B\"]}}")]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"array\"}", typeof(AvroTypeException), Description = "No Items")]
 
         // Map
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"long\"}")]
@@ -140,8 +140,9 @@ public void TestBasic(string s, Type expectedExceptionType = null)
         public void TestPrimitive(string s, Schema.Type type)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
-            Assert.IsTrue(sc is PrimitiveSchema);
-            Assert.AreEqual(type, sc.Tag);
+            Schema schema = PrimitiveSchema.Create(type, null);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(sc, schema);
 
             testEquality(s, sc);
             testToString(sc);
@@ -167,6 +168,67 @@ private static void testToString(Schema sc)
             }
         }
 
+        private static void testToString(Schema sc, string schema)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                //remove any excess spaces in the JSON to normalize the match with toString
+                schema = schema.Replace("{ ", "{")
+                    .Replace("} ", "}")
+                    .Replace("\" ", "\"")
+                    .Replace(", ", ",")
+                    .Replace(": ", ":");
+                Assert.AreEqual(sc.ToString(), schema);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                throw new AvroException($"{e} : {sc}", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"null\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Null)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"boolean\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Boolean)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"int\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Int)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"long\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Long)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"float\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Float)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"double\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Double)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"bytes\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.Bytes)]
+        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"string\", \"metafield\": \"abc\" }", Schema.Type.String)]
+        public void TestPrimitiveWithMetadata(string rawSchema, Schema.Type type)
+        {
+            Schema definedSchema = Schema.Parse(rawSchema);
+            Assert.IsTrue(definedSchema is PrimitiveSchema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(type.ToString().ToLower(), definedSchema.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(type, definedSchema.Tag);
+
+            testEquality(rawSchema, definedSchema);
+            testToString(definedSchema);
+
+            Assert.True(definedSchema.ToString().Contains("metafield"));
+
+            var rawRecordSchema = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Foo\"," +
+                "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":" + rawSchema +
+                "}]}";
+            Schema baseRecordSchema = Schema.Parse(rawRecordSchema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Record, baseRecordSchema.Tag);
+            RecordSchema recordSchema = baseRecordSchema as RecordSchema;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recordSchema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, recordSchema.Count);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(recordSchema["f1"].Schema is PrimitiveSchema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(type.ToString().ToLower(), recordSchema["f1"].Schema.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(type, recordSchema["f1"].Schema.Tag);
+
+            testEquality(rawRecordSchema, baseRecordSchema);
+            testToString(recordSchema["f1"].Schema);
+
+            Assert.True(baseRecordSchema.ToString().Contains("metafield"));
+            Assert.True(recordSchema["f1"].Schema.ToString().Contains("metafield"));
+
+            Assert.True(definedSchema.Equals(recordSchema["f1"].Schema));
+            Assert.AreEqual(definedSchema.GetHashCode(), recordSchema["f1"].Schema.GetHashCode());
+        }
+
         [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"LongList\"," +
             "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":\"long\"}," +
             "{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\": \"int\"}]}",
@@ -229,23 +291,164 @@ public void TestRecordDoc(string s, string expectedDoc)
             Assert.AreEqual(expectedDoc, roundTrip.Documentation);
         }
 
-        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"symbols\": [\"A\", \"B\"]}",
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Longs\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"default\":\"100\",\"type\":\"long\",\"aliases\":[\"oldName\"]}]}",
+            "Longs", null, null, null,
+            new[] { "value" }, new[] { Schema.Type.Long }, new[] { "100" }, new[] { "oldName" }, new string[] { null })]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Longs\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"doc\":\"Field With Documentation\",\"default\":\"100\",\"type\":\"long\",\"aliases\":[\"oldName\"]}]}",
+            "Longs", null, null, null,
+            new[] { "value" }, new[] { Schema.Type.Long }, new[] { "100" }, new[] { "oldName" }, new string[] { "Field With Documentation" })]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Longs\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"default\":\"100\",\"type\":\"long\",\"aliases\":[\"oldName\"]}]}",
+            "Longs", "space", null, null,
+            new[] { "value" }, new[] { Schema.Type.Long }, new[] { "100" }, new[] { "oldName" }, new string[] { null })]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Longs\",\"doc\":\"Record with alias\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"aliases\":[\"space.RecordAlias\"],\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"default\":\"100\",\"type\":\"long\",\"aliases\":[\"oldName\"]}]}",
+            "Longs", "space", "RecordAlias", "Record with alias",
+            new[] { "value" }, new[] { Schema.Type.Long }, new[] { "100" }, new[] { "oldName" }, new string[] { null })]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Longs\",\"doc\":\"Record with two fields\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"aliases\":[\"space.RecordAlias\"],\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"doc\":\"first field\",\"default\":\"100\",\"type\":\"long\",\"aliases\":[\"oldName\"]},{\"name\":\"field2\",\"default\":\"true\",\"type\":\"boolean\"}]}",
+            "Longs", "space", "RecordAlias", "Record with two fields",
+            new[] { "value", "field2" }, new[] { Schema.Type.Long, Schema.Type.Boolean }, new[] { "100", "true" }, new[] { "oldName", null }, new string[] { "first field", null })]
+        public void TestRecordCreation(string expectedSchema, string name, string space, string alias, string documentation, string[] fieldsNames, Schema.Type[] fieldsTypes, object[] fieldsDefaultValues, string[] fieldsAliases, string[] fieldsDocs)
+        {
+            IEnumerable<Field> recordFields = fieldsNames.Select((fieldName, i) => new Field(PrimitiveSchema.Create(fieldsTypes[i]),
+                fieldName,
+                fieldsAliases[i] == null? null: new List<string> { fieldsAliases[i] },
+                i,
+                fieldsDocs[i],
+                fieldsDefaultValues[i].ToString(),
+                Field.SortOrder.ignore,
+                null));
+
+            string[] aliases = alias == null ? null : new[] { alias };
+
+            RecordSchema recordSchema = RecordSchema.Create(name, recordFields.ToList(), space, aliases, null, documentation);
+
+            for(int i = 0; i < fieldsNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var fieldByName = recordSchema[fieldsNames[i]];
+                if (fieldsAliases[i] != null)
+                {
+                    recordSchema.TryGetFieldAlias(fieldsAliases[i], out Field fieldByAlias);
+
+                    Assert.AreSame(fieldByAlias, fieldByName);
+                }
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedSchema, recordSchema.ToString());
+                Assert.AreEqual(fieldsNames[i], fieldByName.Name);
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, fieldByName.Pos);
+                Assert.AreEqual(fieldsTypes[i], fieldByName.Schema.Tag);
+                Assert.AreEqual(fieldsDocs[i], fieldByName.Documentation);
+                Assert.AreEqual(fieldsDefaultValues[i], fieldByName.DefaultValue.ToString());
+                CollectionAssert.AreEqual(fieldsAliases[i] == null? null: new[] {fieldsAliases[i]}, fieldByName.Aliases);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestRecordCreationWithDuplicateFields()
+        {
+            var recordField = new Field(PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Long),
+                "value",
+                new List<string> { "oldName" },
+                0,
+                null,
+                "100",
+                Field.SortOrder.ignore,
+                null);
+
+            Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => RecordSchema.Create("Longs",
+                new List<Field>
+                {
+                    recordField,
+                    recordField
+                }));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestRecordFieldNames() {
+            var fields = new List<Field>
+                {
+                    new Field(PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Long),
+                        "歳以上",
+                        null,
+                        0,
+                        null,
+                        null,
+                        Field.SortOrder.ignore,
+                        null)
+                };
+            var recordSchema = RecordSchema.Create("LongList", fields, null, new[] { "LinkedLongs" });
+
+            Field f = recordSchema.Fields[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("歳以上", f.Name);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestRecordCreationWithRecursiveRecord()
+        {
+            string schema = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"LongList\",\"aliases\":[\"LinkedLongs\"],\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"long\"},{\"name\":\"next\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"LongList\"]}]}";
+
+            var recordSchema = RecordSchema.Create("LongList", new List<Field>(), null, new[] { "LinkedLongs" });
+
+            recordSchema.Fields = new List<Field>
+                {
+                    new Field(PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Long),
+                        "value",
+                        null,
+                        0,
+                        null,
+                        null,
+                        Field.SortOrder.ignore,
+                        null),
+                    new Field(UnionSchema.Create(
+                        new List<Schema>
+                        {
+                            PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Null), recordSchema
+                        }),
+                        "next",
+                        1)
+                };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(schema, recordSchema.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"symbols\":[\"A\",\"B\"]}",
+                new string[] { "A", "B" })]
+
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"symbols\":[\"A\",\"B\"]}",
             new string[] { "A", "B" })]
-        public void TestEnum(string s, string[] symbols)
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"doc\":\"Some explanation\",\"namespace\":\"mynamespace\",\"aliases\":[\"mynamespace.Alias\"],\"symbols\":[\"UNKNOWN\",\"A\",\"B\"],\"default\":\"UNKNOWN\",\"propertyKey\":\"propertyValue\"}",
+            new string[] { "UNKNOWN", "A", "B" }, "mynamespace", new string[] { "Alias" }, "Some explanation", true, "UNKNOWN")]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"doc\":\"Some explanation\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"aliases\":[\"internalNamespace.Alias\"],\"symbols\":[\"UNKNOWN\",\"A\",\"B\"]}",
+            new string[] { "UNKNOWN", "A", "B" }, "space", new string[] { "internalNamespace.Alias" }, "Some explanation")]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"doc\":\"Some explanation\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"aliases\":[\"internalNamespace.Alias\"],\"symbols\":[]}",
+            new string[] { }, "space", new string[] { "internalNamespace.Alias" }, "Some explanation")]
+
+        public void TestEnum(string s, string[] symbols, string space = null, IEnumerable<string> aliases = null, string doc = null, bool? usePropertyMap = null, string defaultSymbol = null)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
+
+            PropertyMap propertyMap = new PropertyMap();
+            propertyMap.Add("propertyKey", "\"propertyValue\"");
+            Schema schema = EnumSchema.Create("Test",
+                symbols,
+                space,
+                aliases,
+                usePropertyMap == true ? propertyMap : null,
+                doc,
+                defaultSymbol);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(sc, schema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(s, schema.ToString());
+
             Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Enumeration, sc.Tag);
             EnumSchema es = sc as EnumSchema;
             Assert.AreEqual(symbols.Length, es.Count);
 
             int i = 0;
-            foreach (String str in es)
+            foreach (string str in es)
             {
                 Assert.AreEqual(symbols[i++], str);
             }
 
             testEquality(s, sc);
-            testToString(sc);
+            testToString(sc, s);
         }
 
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"symbols\": [\"A\", \"B\"]}", null)]
@@ -272,18 +475,66 @@ public void TestEnumDefaultSymbolDoesntExist(string s)
             Assert.Throws<SchemaParseException>(() => Schema.Parse(s));
         }
 
+        [TestCase("name", new string[] { "A", "B" }, "s", new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "regular enum", null, "name", "s")]
+        [TestCase("s.name", new string[] { "A", "B" }, null, new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "internal namespace", null, "name", "s")]
+        [TestCase("name", new string[] { "A", "B" }, null, new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "no namespace", null, "name", null)]
+        [TestCase("name", new string[] { "A", "B" }, null, new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "with default value", "A", "name", null)]
+        [TestCase("name", new string[] { "A1B2", "B4324" }, null, new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "with longer symbols", "B4324", "name", null)]
+        [TestCase("name", new string[] { "_A1B2_", "B4324" }, null, new[] { "L1", "L2" }, "underscore in symbols", "_A1B2_", "name", null)]
+        public void TestEnumCreation(string name, string[] symbols, string space, string[] aliases, string doc, string defaultSymbol, string expectedName, string expectedNamespace)
+        {
+            EnumSchema enumSchema = EnumSchema.Create(name, symbols, space, aliases, null, doc, defaultSymbol);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedName, enumSchema.Name);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(symbols, enumSchema.Symbols);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedNamespace, enumSchema.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Enumeration, enumSchema.Tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(doc, enumSchema.Documentation);
+            Assert.AreEqual(defaultSymbol, enumSchema.Default);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(new[] {"A", "B"}, "C")]
+        [TestCase(new[] {null, "B"}, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {"", "B" }, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {"8", "B" }, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {"8", "B" }, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {"A", "A" }, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {" ", "A" }, null)]
+        [TestCase(new[] {"9A23", "A" }, null)]
+        public void TestEnumInvalidSymbols(string[] symbols, string defaultSymbol)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => EnumSchema.Create("name", symbols, defaultSymbol: defaultSymbol));
+        }
+
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}", "long")]
         public void TestArray(string s, string item)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
             Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Array, sc.Tag);
-            ArraySchema ars = sc as ArraySchema;
+            ArraySchema ars = (ArraySchema)sc;
             Assert.AreEqual(item, ars.ItemSchema.Name);
 
             testEquality(s, sc);
             testToString(sc);
         }
 
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestArrayCreation()
+        {
+            PrimitiveSchema itemsSchema = PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String);
+            ArraySchema arraySchema = ArraySchema.Create(itemsSchema);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("array", arraySchema.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Array, arraySchema.Tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(itemsSchema, arraySchema.ItemSchema);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestInvalidArrayCreation()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => ArraySchema.Create(null));
+        }
+
         [TestCase("{\"type\": \"int\", \"logicalType\": \"date\"}", "int", "date")]
         public void TestLogicalPrimitive(string s, string baseType, string logicalType)
         {
@@ -310,33 +561,82 @@ public void TestMap(string s, string value)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
             Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Map, sc.Tag);
-            MapSchema ms = sc as MapSchema;
+            MapSchema ms = (MapSchema)sc;
             Assert.AreEqual(value, ms.ValueSchema.Name);
 
             testEquality(s, sc);
             testToString(sc);
         }
 
-        [TestCase("[\"string\", \"null\", \"long\"]", new string[] { "string", "null", "long" })]
-        public void TestUnion(string s, string[] types)
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestMapCreation()
+        {
+            PrimitiveSchema mapType = PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Float);
+            MapSchema mapSchema = MapSchema.CreateMap(mapType);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("map", mapSchema.Fullname);
+            Assert.AreEqual("map", mapSchema.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Map, mapSchema.Tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(mapType, mapSchema.ValueSchema);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestInvalidMapCreation()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => MapSchema.CreateMap(null));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("[\"string\", \"null\", \"long\"]",
+            new Schema.Type[] { Schema.Type.String, Schema.Type.Null, Schema.Type.Long })]
+        public void TestUnion(string s, Schema.Type[] types)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
+
+            UnionSchema schema = UnionSchema.Create(types.Select(t => (Schema)PrimitiveSchema.Create(t)).ToList());
+            Assert.AreEqual(sc, schema);
+
             Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Union, sc.Tag);
-            UnionSchema us = sc as UnionSchema;
+            UnionSchema us = (UnionSchema)sc;
             Assert.AreEqual(types.Length, us.Count);
 
             for (int i = 0; i < us.Count; i++)
             {
-                Assert.AreEqual(types[i], us[i].Name);
+                Assert.AreEqual(types[i].ToString().ToLower(), us[i].Name);
             }
             testEquality(s, sc);
             testToString(sc);
         }
 
-        [TestCase("{ \"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"size\": 1}", 1)]
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestUnionCreation()
+        {
+            UnionSchema unionSchema = UnionSchema.Create(new List<Schema> { PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Null), PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String) });
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Schema> { PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.Null), PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String) },
+                unionSchema.Schemas);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestUnionCreationWithDuplicateSchemas()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => UnionSchema.Create(new List<Schema> { PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String), PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String) }));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestUnionNestedUnionCreation()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => UnionSchema.Create(new List<Schema> { UnionSchema.Create(new List<Schema>()), PrimitiveSchema.Create(Schema.Type.String) }));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("{\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"Test\",\"size\":1}", 1)]
         public void TestFixed(string s, int size)
         {
             Schema sc = Schema.Parse(s);
+            FixedSchema schema = FixedSchema.Create("Test", 1);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(sc, schema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(s, schema.ToString());
+
             Assert.AreEqual(Schema.Type.Fixed, sc.Tag);
             FixedSchema fs = sc as FixedSchema;
             Assert.AreEqual(size, fs.Size);
@@ -354,6 +654,19 @@ public void TestFixedDoc(string s, string expectedDoc)
             Assert.AreEqual(expectedDoc, fs.Documentation);
         }
 
+        [TestCase]
+        public void TestFixedCreation()
+        {
+            string s = @"{""type"":""fixed"",""name"":""fixedName"",""namespace"":""space"",""aliases"":[""space.fixedOldName""],""size"":10}";
+
+            FixedSchema fixedSchema = FixedSchema.Create("fixedName", 10, "space", new[] { "fixedOldName" }, null);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("fixedName", fixedSchema.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("space.fixedName", fixedSchema.Fullname);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, fixedSchema.Size);
+            Assert.AreEqual(s, fixedSchema.ToString());
+        }
+
         [TestCase("a", "o.a.h", ExpectedResult = "o.a.h.a")]
         public string testFullname(string s1, string s2)
         {
@@ -376,5 +689,43 @@ public void TestUnionSchemaWithoutTypeProperty(string schemaJson, string expecte
             var schema = Schema.Parse(schemaJson);
             Assert.AreEqual(schema.ToString(), expectedSchemaJson);
         }
+
+        [TestFixture]
+        public class SchemaTypeExtensionsTests
+        {
+            [TestCase("null", Schema.Type.Null)]
+            [TestCase("boolean", Schema.Type.Boolean)]
+            [TestCase("int", Schema.Type.Int)]
+            [TestCase("long", Schema.Type.Long)]
+            [TestCase("float", Schema.Type.Float)]
+            [TestCase("double", Schema.Type.Double)]
+            [TestCase("bytes", Schema.Type.Bytes)]
+            [TestCase("string", Schema.Type.String)]
+            [TestCase("record", Schema.Type.Record)]
+            [TestCase("enumeration", Schema.Type.Enumeration)]
+            [TestCase("array", Schema.Type.Array)]
+            [TestCase("map", Schema.Type.Map)]
+            [TestCase("union", Schema.Type.Union)]
+            [TestCase("fixed", Schema.Type.Fixed)]
+            [TestCase("error", Schema.Type.Error)]
+            [TestCase("logical", Schema.Type.Logical)]
+            [TestCase("Logical", null)]
+            [TestCase("InvalidValue", null)]
+            [TestCase("\"null\"", null)]
+            [TestCase("", null)]
+            [TestCase(null, null)]
+            public void ParseTypeTest(string value, object expectedResult)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(Schema.ParseType(value), expectedResult);
+            }
+
+            [TestCase("\"null\"", Schema.Type.Null)]
+            [TestCase("\"nu\"ll\"", null)]
+            [TestCase("\"\"", null)]
+            public void ParseTypeRemoveQuotesTest(string value, object expectedResult)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(Schema.ParseType(value, true), expectedResult);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/DoubleLongUnionRecord.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/DoubleLongUnionRecord.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97b94be7eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/DoubleLongUnionRecord.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//    Generated by avrogen, version 1.11.0.0
+//    Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
+//    is regenerated
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace Avro.Test.Specific
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.Text;
+    using Avro;
+    using Avro.Specific;
+
+    public partial class DoubleLongUnionRecord : ISpecificRecord
+    {
+        public static Schema _SCHEMA = Avro.Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"DoubleLongUnionRecord\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test.Specific\",\"fields\":[{\"name" +
+                "\":\"Property\",\"type\":[\"double\",\"long\"]}]}");
+        private object _Property;
+        public virtual Schema Schema
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return DoubleLongUnionRecord._SCHEMA;
+            }
+        }
+        public object Property
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this._Property;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this._Property = value;
+            }
+        }
+        public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0: return this.Property;
+                default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+            };
+        }
+        public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+        {
+            switch (fieldPos)
+            {
+                case 0: this.Property = (System.Object)fieldValue; break;
+                default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/RecordWithOptionalLogicalType.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/RecordWithOptionalLogicalType.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..585032e9bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/RecordWithOptionalLogicalType.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//    Generated by avrogen, version 1.11.0.0
+//    Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if code
+//    is regenerated
+// </auto-generated>
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace Avro.Test.Specific.@return
+{
+	using System;
+	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Text;
+	using Avro;
+	using Avro.Specific;
+	
+	public partial class RecordWithOptionalLogicalType : ISpecificRecord
+	{
+		public static Schema _SCHEMA = Avro.Schema.Parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RecordWithOptionalLogicalType\",\"namespace\":\"Avro.Test.Sp" +
+				"ecific.return\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"x\",\"default\":10,\"type\":{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalT" +
+				"ype\":\"date\"}}]}");
+		private System.DateTime _x;
+		public virtual Schema Schema
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return RecordWithOptionalLogicalType._SCHEMA;
+			}
+		}
+		public System.DateTime x
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return this._x;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				this._x = value;
+			}
+		}
+		public virtual object Get(int fieldPos)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: return this.x;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Get()");
+			};
+		}
+		public virtual void Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)
+		{
+			switch (fieldPos)
+			{
+			case 0: this.x = (System.DateTime)fieldValue; break;
+			default: throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + fieldPos + " in Put()");
+			};
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/SpecificTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/SpecificTests.cs
index 168c4d0bba5..1aa3c3a03ae 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/SpecificTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Specific/SpecificTests.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.IO;
 using NUnit.Framework;
@@ -23,8 +24,16 @@
 using Avro.Specific;
 using Avro.Test.Specific;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Avro.Generic;
+using Avro.Test.Generic;
 using Avro.Test.Specific.@return;
 
+#if !NETCOREAPP
+using System.CodeDom;
+using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
+using System.Reflection;
+#endif
+
 namespace Avro.Test
 {
     [TestFixture]
@@ -263,6 +272,38 @@ public void TestEnumDefault()
             Assert.AreEqual(EnumType.DEFAULT, rec2.enumType);
         }
 
+        [TestCase(0L)]
+        [TestCase(100L)]
+        [TestCase(-100L)]
+        [TestCase(0.0)]
+        [TestCase(100.0)]
+        [TestCase(-100.0)]
+        public void TestDoubleLongUnion(object value)
+        {
+            var testRecord = new DoubleLongUnionRecord();
+            testRecord.Property = value;
+
+            // serialize
+            var stream = serialize(DoubleLongUnionRecord._SCHEMA, testRecord);
+
+            // deserialize
+            var rec2 = deserialize<DoubleLongUnionRecord>(stream, DoubleLongUnionRecord._SCHEMA, DoubleLongUnionRecord._SCHEMA);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, rec2.Property);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value.GetType(), rec2.Property.GetType());
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(0)]
+        [TestCase(100)]
+        [TestCase(-100)]
+        [TestCase(0.0f)]
+        [TestCase(100.0f)]
+        [TestCase(-100.0f)]
+        [TestCase("0")]
+        [TestCase("100")]
+        public void TestDoubleLongUnionNoMatchException(object value)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<AvroException>(() => serialize(DoubleLongUnionRecord._SCHEMA, new DoubleLongUnionRecord() { Property = value }));
+        }
 
         [Test]
         public void TestArrayWithReservedWords()
@@ -433,6 +474,43 @@ public void TestEmbeddedGenerics()
             Assert.AreEqual(0, dstRecord.UserMatrix[2].Count);
         }
 
+        private static void serializeGeneric<T>(string writerSchema, T actual, out Stream stream, out Schema ws)
+        {
+            var ms = new MemoryStream();
+            Encoder e = new BinaryEncoder(ms);
+            ws = Schema.Parse(writerSchema);
+            GenericWriter<T> w = new GenericWriter<T>(ws);
+            w.Write(actual, e);
+            ms.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+            stream = ms;
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void DeserializeToLogicalTypeWithDefault()
+        {
+            var writerSchemaString = @"{
+    ""type"": ""record"",
+    ""name"": ""RecordWithOptionalLogicalType"",
+    ""namespace"": ""Avro.Test.Specific.return"",
+    ""fields"": [      
+    ]}";
+
+            var writerSchema = Schema.Parse(writerSchemaString);
+
+            Stream stream;
+
+            serializeGeneric(writerSchemaString,
+                GenericTests.MkRecord(new object[] { }, (RecordSchema)writerSchema),
+                out stream,
+                out _);
+
+            RecordWithOptionalLogicalType output = deserialize<RecordWithOptionalLogicalType>(stream, writerSchema, RecordWithOptionalLogicalType._SCHEMA);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(output.x, new DateTime(1970, 1, 11));
+
+        }
+        
         private static S deserialize<S>(Stream ms, Schema ws, Schema rs) where S : class, ISpecificRecord
         {
             long initialPos = ms.Position;
@@ -526,7 +604,7 @@ private static void AssertSpecificRecordEqual(ISpecificRecord rec1, ISpecificRec
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Asserts that two lists are equal, delegating the work of comapring
+        /// Asserts that two lists are equal, delegating the work of comparing
         /// <see cref="ISpecificRecord"/> entries to
         /// <see cref="AssertSpecificRecordEqual(ISpecificRecord, ISpecificRecord)"/>.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Util/LogicalTypeTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Util/LogicalTypeTests.cs
index e4d6b052af9..0129b2a5b45 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Util/LogicalTypeTests.cs
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Util/LogicalTypeTests.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.Numerics;
 using Avro.Util;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
@@ -26,28 +27,95 @@ namespace Avro.Test
     [TestFixture]
     class LogicalTypeTests
     {
-        [TestCase("1234.56")]
-        [TestCase("-1234.56")]
-        [TestCase("123456789123456789.56")]
-        [TestCase("-123456789123456789.56")]
-        [TestCase("000000000000000001.01")]
-        [TestCase("-000000000000000001.01")]
-        public void TestDecimal(string s)
+        [TestCase("0", 0, new byte[] { 0 })]
+        [TestCase("1.01", 2, new byte[] { 101 })]
+        [TestCase("123456789123456789.56", 2, new byte[] { 0, 171, 84, 169, 143, 129, 101, 36, 108 })]
+        [TestCase("1234", 0, new byte[] { 4, 210 })]
+        [TestCase("1234.5", 1, new byte[] { 48, 57 })]
+        [TestCase("1234.56", 2, new byte[] { 1, 226, 64 })]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0, new byte[] { 0 })]
+        [TestCase("-1.01", 2, new byte[] { 155 })]
+        [TestCase("-123456789123456789.56", 2, new byte[] { 255, 84, 171, 86, 112, 126, 154, 219, 148 })]
+        [TestCase("-1234", 0, new byte[] { 251, 46 })]
+        [TestCase("-1234.5", 1, new byte[] { 207, 199 })]
+        [TestCase("-1234.56", 2, new byte[] { 254, 29, 192 })]
+        // This tests ensures that changes to Decimal.ConvertToBaseValue and ConvertToLogicalValue can be validated (bytes)
+        public void TestDecimalConvert(string s, int scale, byte[] converted)
         {
-            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"bytes\", \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 2 }");
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse(@$"{{""type"": ""bytes"", ""logicalType"": ""decimal"", ""precision"": 4, ""scale"": {scale}}}");
 
             var avroDecimal = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
-            var decimalVal = (AvroDecimal)decimal.Parse(s);
+            // CultureInfo.InvariantCulture ensures that "." is always accepted as the decimal point
+            var decimalVal = (AvroDecimal)decimal.Parse(s, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+
+            // TestDecimal tests ConvertToLogicalValue(ConvertToBaseValue(...)) which might hide symmetrical breaking changes in both functions
+            // The following 2 tests are checking the conversions separately
+
+            // Validate Decimal.ConvertToBaseValue
+            Assert.AreEqual(converted, avroDecimal.ConvertToBaseValue(decimalVal, schema));
+
+            // Validate Decimal.ConvertToLogicalValue
+            Assert.AreEqual(decimalVal, (AvroDecimal)avroDecimal.ConvertToLogicalValue(converted, schema));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDecimal(
+            [Values(
+                "1234.56",
+                "-1234.56",
+                "123456789123456789.56",
+                "-123456789123456789.56",
+                "000000000000000001.01",
+                "-000000000000000001.01"
+            )] string s,
+            [Values(
+                "\"bytes\"",
+                "{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"size\": 16, \"name\": \"n\"}"
+            )] string baseType)
+        {
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse($"{{\"type\": {baseType}, \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 2 }}");
+
+            var avroDecimal = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
+            // CultureInfo.InvariantCulture ensures that "." is always accepted as the decimal point
+            var decimalVal = (AvroDecimal)decimal.Parse(s, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
 
             var convertedDecimalVal = (AvroDecimal)avroDecimal.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroDecimal.ConvertToBaseValue(decimalVal, schema), schema);
 
             Assert.AreEqual(decimalVal, convertedDecimalVal);
         }
 
-        [TestCase]
-        public void TestDecimalMinMax()
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDecimalScale(
+            [Values(
+                "0",
+                "1",
+                "-1",
+                "1234567891234567890123456789",
+                "-1234567891234567890123456789",
+                "0000000000000000000000000001",
+                "-0000000000000000000000000001"
+            )] string s,
+            [Values(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)] int scale,
+            [Values(
+                "\"bytes\"",
+                "{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"size\": 16, \"name\": \"n\"}"
+            )] string baseType)
         {
-            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"bytes\", \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 0 }");
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse($"{{\"type\": {baseType}, \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 8, \"scale\": {scale} }}");
+
+            var avroDecimal = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
+            var decimalVal = new AvroDecimal(BigInteger.Parse(s), scale);
+
+            var convertedDecimalVal = (AvroDecimal)avroDecimal.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroDecimal.ConvertToBaseValue(decimalVal, schema), schema);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(decimalVal, convertedDecimalVal);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("\"bytes\"")]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"size\": 16, \"name\": \"n\"}")]
+        public void TestDecimalMinMax(string baseType)
+        {
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse($"{{\"type\": {baseType}, \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 0 }}");
 
             var avroDecimal = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
 
@@ -59,10 +127,11 @@ public void TestDecimalMinMax()
             }
         }
 
-        [TestCase]
-        public void TestDecimalOutOfRangeException()
+        [TestCase("\"bytes\"")]
+        [TestCase("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"size\": 16, \"name\": \"n\"}")]
+        public void TestDecimalOutOfRangeException(string baseType)
         {
-            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"bytes\", \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 2 }");
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse($"{{\"type\": {baseType}, \"logicalType\": \"decimal\", \"precision\": 4, \"scale\": 2 }}");
 
             var avroDecimal = new Avro.Util.Decimal();
             var decimalVal = (AvroDecimal)1234.567M; // scale of 3 should throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException
@@ -75,6 +144,14 @@ public void TestDecimalOutOfRangeException()
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00+01:00")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.1Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.01Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.001Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.0001Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.00001Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.000001Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.0000001Z")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 01:00:00.00000001Z")]
         public void TestDate(string s)
         {
             var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"int\", \"logicalType\": \"date\"}");
@@ -100,6 +177,12 @@ public void TestDate(string s)
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 14:20:00+01:00", "05/05/2019 13:20:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00Z", "05/05/2019 00:00:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00+01:00", "05/04/2019 23:00:00Z")] // adjusted to UTC
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0009Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0019Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z")] // there is no rounding up
         public void TestTimestampMillisecond(string s, string e)
         {
             var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"timestamp-millis\"}");
@@ -116,6 +199,7 @@ public void TestTimestampMillisecond(string s, string e)
             var avroTimestampMilli = new TimestampMillisecond();
             var convertedDate = (DateTime)avroTimestampMilli.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimestampMilli.ConvertToBaseValue(date, schema), schema);
             Assert.AreEqual(expectedDate, convertedDate);
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Utc, convertedDate.Kind);
         }
 
         [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")]
@@ -124,6 +208,15 @@ public void TestTimestampMillisecond(string s, string e)
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 14:20:00+01:00", "05/05/2019 13:20:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00Z", "05/05/2019 00:00:00Z")]
         [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00+01:00", "05/04/2019 23:00:00Z")] // adjusted to UTC
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000009Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000019Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001Z")] // there is no rounding up
         public void TestTimestampMicrosecond(string s, string e)
         {
             var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"timestamp-micros\"}");
@@ -140,20 +233,117 @@ public void TestTimestampMicrosecond(string s, string e)
             var avroTimestampMicro = new TimestampMicrosecond();
             var convertedDate = (DateTime)avroTimestampMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimestampMicro.ConvertToBaseValue(date, schema), schema);
             Assert.AreEqual(expectedDate, convertedDate);
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Utc, convertedDate.Kind);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 14:20:00", "05/05/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00", "05/05/2019 00:00:00")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0009", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0019", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")] // UTC timestamps, but will check will in local TZ
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z")]
+        public void TestLocalTimestampMillisecond(string s, string e)
+        {
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"local-timestamp-millis\"}");
+
+            var date = DateTime.Parse(s, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind);
+
+            if (date.Kind != DateTimeKind.Utc)
+            {
+                date = DateTime.Parse(s, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal);
+            }
+
+            var expectedDate = DateTime.Parse(e, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind);
+
+            if (expectedDate.Kind != DateTimeKind.Utc)
+            {
+                expectedDate = DateTime.Parse(e, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal);
+            }
+
+            expectedDate = expectedDate.ToLocalTime();
+
+            var avroLocalTimestampMilli = new LocalTimestampMillisecond();
+            var convertedDate = (DateTime)avroLocalTimestampMilli.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroLocalTimestampMilli.ConvertToBaseValue(date, schema), schema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedDate, convertedDate);
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Local, convertedDate.Kind);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 14:20:00", "05/05/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("05/05/2019 00:00:00", "05/05/2019 00:00:00")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000001", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000009", "01/01/2019 14:20:00")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0000019", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001")] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00Z")] // UTC timestamps, but will check will in local TZ
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.1Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.01Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.0001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.00001Z")]
+        [TestCase("01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001Z", "01/01/2019 14:20:00.000001Z")]
+        public void TestLocalTimestampMicrosecond(string s, string e)
+        {
+            var schema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"local-timestamp-micros\"}");
+
+            var date = DateTime.Parse(s, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind);
+
+            if (date.Kind != DateTimeKind.Utc)
+            {
+                date = DateTime.Parse(s, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal);
+            }
+
+            var expectedDate = DateTime.Parse(e, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind);
+
+            if (expectedDate.Kind != DateTimeKind.Utc)
+            {
+                expectedDate = DateTime.Parse(e, CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US").DateTimeFormat, DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal);
+            }
+
+            expectedDate = expectedDate.ToLocalTime();
+
+            var avroLocalTimestampMicro = new LocalTimestampMicrosecond();
+            var convertedDate = (DateTime)avroLocalTimestampMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroLocalTimestampMicro.ConvertToBaseValue(date, schema), schema);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedDate, convertedDate);
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Local, convertedDate.Kind);
         }
 
         [TestCase("01:20:10", "01:20:10", false)]
         [TestCase("23:00:00", "23:00:00", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:59:00", "23:59:00", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:59:59", "23:59:59", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.1", "01:20:10.1", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.01", "01:20:10.01", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.001", "01:20:10.001", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0001", "01:20:10", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0009", "01:20:10", false)] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0019", "01:20:10.001", false)] // there is no rounding up
+        [TestCase("23:59:59.999", "23:59:59.999", false)]
         [TestCase("01:00:00:00", null, true)]
-        public void TestTime(string s, string e, bool expectRangeError)
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.000001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.0000001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:01", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-999999.00:00:00", null, true)]
+        public void TestTimeMillisecond(string s, string e, bool expectRangeError)
         {
             var timeMilliSchema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"int\", \"logicalType\": \"time-millis\"}");
-            var timeMicroSchema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"time-micros\"}");
 
             var time = TimeSpan.Parse(s);
-            
+
             var avroTimeMilli = new TimeMillisecond();
-            var avroTimeMicro = new TimeMicrosecond();
 
             if (expectRangeError)
             {
@@ -161,10 +351,6 @@ public void TestTime(string s, string e, bool expectRangeError)
                 {
                     avroTimeMilli.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMilli.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMilliSchema), timeMilliSchema);
                 });
-                Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-                {
-                    avroTimeMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMilli.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMicroSchema), timeMicroSchema);
-                });
             }
             else
             {
@@ -172,8 +358,48 @@ public void TestTime(string s, string e, bool expectRangeError)
 
                 var convertedTime = (TimeSpan)avroTimeMilli.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMilli.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMilliSchema), timeMilliSchema);
                 Assert.AreEqual(expectedTime, convertedTime);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("01:20:10", "01:20:10", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:00:00", "23:00:00", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:59:00", "23:59:00", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:59:59", "23:59:59", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.1", "01:20:10.1", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.01", "01:20:10.01", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.001", "01:20:10.001", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0001", "01:20:10.0001", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.00001", "01:20:10.00001", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.000001", "01:20:10.000001", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0000001", "01:20:10", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:20:10.0000009", "01:20:10", false)]
+        [TestCase("23:59:59.999999", "23:59:59.999999", false)]
+        [TestCase("01:00:00:00", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.000001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:00:00.0000001", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-00:01", null, true)]
+        [TestCase("-999999.00:00:00", null, true)]
+        public void TestTimeMicrosecond(string s, string e, bool expectRangeError)
+        {
+            var timeMicroSchema = (LogicalSchema)Schema.Parse("{\"type\": \"long\", \"logicalType\": \"time-micros\"}");
+
+            var time = TimeSpan.Parse(s);
+
+            var avroTimeMicro = new TimeMicrosecond();
+
+            if (expectRangeError)
+            {
+                Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
+                {
+                    avroTimeMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMicro.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMicroSchema), timeMicroSchema);
+                });
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var expectedTime = TimeSpan.Parse(e);
 
-                convertedTime = (TimeSpan)avroTimeMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMicro.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMicroSchema), timeMicroSchema);
+                var convertedTime = (TimeSpan)avroTimeMicro.ConvertToLogicalValue(avroTimeMicro.ConvertToBaseValue(time, timeMicroSchema), timeMicroSchema);
                 Assert.AreEqual(expectedTime, convertedTime);
 
             }
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Utils/VersionTests.cs b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Utils/VersionTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20d7ed2f421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/csharp/src/apache/test/Utils/VersionTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System.Reflection;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Avro.Test.Utils
+{
+    public class VersionTests
+    {
+        // SemVer2.0 Regular Expression
+        public static string SemVerRegex = @"^((([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(?:-([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?)(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?)$";
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void VersionTest()
+        {
+            // Avro library's assembly
+            Assembly assembly = typeof(Schema).Assembly;
+
+            // Note: InformationalVersion contains prerelease tag if available (e.g. 1.x.y-beta.z)
+            string libraryVersion = assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion;
+
+            // Check version is SmeVer 2.0 compliant
+            Assert.That(libraryVersion, Does.Match(SemVerRegex));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MandatoryAttributesTest()
+        {
+            // Avro library's assembly
+            Assembly assembly = typeof(Schema).Assembly;
+
+            Assert.That(assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyCompanyAttribute>(), Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyDescriptionAttribute>(), Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyFileVersionAttribute>(), Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>(), Is.Not.Null);
+            Assert.That(assembly.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyProductAttribute>(), Is.Not.Null);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/stylecop.json b/lang/csharp/stylecop.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 892559168ac..00000000000
--- a/lang/csharp/stylecop.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DotNetAnalyzers/StyleCopAnalyzers/master/StyleCop.Analyzers/StyleCop.Analyzers/Settings/stylecop.schema.json",
-  "settings": {
-    "documentationRules": {
-      "companyName": "Apache Software Foundation (ASF)",
-      "fileNamingConvention": "stylecop",
-      "documentInterfaces": false,
-      "documentExposedElements": true,
-      "documentInternalElements": false,
-      "documentPrivateElements": false,
-      "documentPrivateFields": false
-    },
-    "indentation": {
-      "indentationSize": 4,
-      "tabSize": 4,
-      "useTabs": false
-    },
-    "layoutRules": {
-      "newlineAtEndOfFile": "require",
-      "allowConsecutiveUsings": true
-    },
-    "orderingRules": {
-      "blankLinesBetweenUsingGroups": "allow",
-      "systemUsingDirectivesFirst": true,
-      "usingDirectivesPlacement": "outsideNamespace"
-    },
-    "readabilityRules": {
-      "allowBuiltInTypeAliases": false
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lang/csharp/versions.props b/lang/csharp/versions.props
index b6b9747fe2a..15dae9ce5a4 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/versions.props
+++ b/lang/csharp/versions.props
@@ -23,42 +23,54 @@
   <!--
     These package versions are the latest, which our tools are packaged with. 
     These might override the bare minimum requirement of a class library.
-    !!! SHIPPED CLASS LIBRARIES SHOULD USE MINIMUMVERSIONs. SEE BELOW !!!
+    !!! SHIPPED CLASS LIBRARIES SHOULD USE MINIMUMVERSIONs FOR SOME LIBRARIES. SEE BELOW !!!
   -->
   <PropertyGroup Label="Latest Package Versions">
-    <NewtonsoftJsonVersion>12.0.3</NewtonsoftJsonVersion>
-    <SystemCodeDomVersion>5.0.0</SystemCodeDomVersion>
+    <NewtonsoftJsonVersion>13.0.1</NewtonsoftJsonVersion>
+    <SystemCodeDomVersion>8.0.0</SystemCodeDomVersion>
     <SystemReflectionVersion>4.3.0</SystemReflectionVersion>
     <SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationVersion>4.7.0</SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationVersion>
     <SystemReflectionEmitLightweightVersion>4.7.0</SystemReflectionEmitLightweightVersion>
-    <SystemBuffersVersion>4.5.1</SystemBuffersVersion>
+
+    <!-- The following packages are required for the extra codec libraries. These are not direct dependencies of the Avro.main library. -->
+    <SharpZipLibVersion>1.4.2</SharpZipLibVersion>
+    <IronSnappyVersion>1.3.1</IronSnappyVersion>
+    <!-- As of 11/19/2023, Joveler.Compression.XZ 4.3+ is not compatible with the Linux ARM64 C# github workflow.
+    Keep it at 4.1.0 until the issue is resolved. Maybe the shipped liblzma.so is incompatible? -->
+    <JovelerCompressionXZVersion>4.1.0</JovelerCompressionXZVersion>
+    <ZstandardNetVersion>1.1.7</ZstandardNetVersion>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!--
-    These package versions are the bare minimum requriement. Only update the version of these dependencies,
+    These package versions are the bare minimum requirement. Only update the version of these dependencies,
     if functionality requires it. Leave it up to the users of the library as to whether or not they want the 
     latest and greatest of a particularly dependency.
     !!! ONLY UPDATE IF FUNCTIONALITY REQUIRES IT !!!
+    See https://github.com/apache/avro/pull/1126 & https://github.com/apache/avro/pull/981 for more details
   -->
   <PropertyGroup Label="Minimum Package Versions">
-    <NewtonsoftJsonMinimumVersion>10.0.3</NewtonsoftJsonMinimumVersion>
-    <SystemCodeDomMinimumVersion>4.4.0</SystemCodeDomMinimumVersion>
-    <SystemReflectionMinimumVersion>4.3.0</SystemReflectionMinimumVersion>
-    <SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationMinimumVersion>4.3.0</SystemReflectionEmitILGenerationMinimumVersion>
-    <SystemReflectionEmitLightweightMinimumVersion>4.3.0</SystemReflectionEmitLightweightMinimumVersion>
+    <!-- Newtonsoft.Json prior to version 13.0.1 is vulnerable. See https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5crp-9r3c-p9vr -->
+    <NewtonsoftJsonMinimumVersion>13.0.1</NewtonsoftJsonMinimumVersion>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!--
     These packages are used for building, testing and code analysis. Most likely they are safe to upgrade
+	Please sort the packages alphabetically
   -->
-  <PropertyGroup Label="Build, Test, Code Analysis Package Versions">
-    <MicrosoftBuildFrameworkVersion>16.8.0</MicrosoftBuildFrameworkVersion>
-    <MicrosoftBuildUtilitiesCoreVersion>16.8.0</MicrosoftBuildUtilitiesCoreVersion>
-    <MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion>5.0.3</MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion>
-    <MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion>16.11.0</MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion>
-    <NUnitVersion>3.13.2</NUnitVersion>
-    <NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion>3.12.0</NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion>
-    <NUnit3TestAdapterVersion>3.17.0</NUnit3TestAdapterVersion>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Build, Test, Code Analysis, Benchmark Package Versions">
+    <BenchmarkDotNetVersion>0.13.10</BenchmarkDotNetVersion>
+    <CoverletCollectorVersion>6.0.0</CoverletCollectorVersion>
+    <CoverletMSBuildVersion>6.0.0</CoverletMSBuildVersion>
+    <MicrosoftBuildFrameworkVersion>17.8.3</MicrosoftBuildFrameworkVersion>
+    <MicrosoftBuildUtilitiesCoreVersion>17.8.3</MicrosoftBuildUtilitiesCoreVersion>
+    <MicrosoftCodeAnalysisVersion>4.7.0</MicrosoftCodeAnalysisVersion>
+    <MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpVersion>4.7.0</MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpVersion>
+    <MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpCodeStyleVersion>4.7.0</MicrosoftCodeAnalysisCSharpCodeStyleVersion>
+    <MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion>8.0.0</MicrosoftCodeAnalysisNetAnalyzersVersion>
+    <MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion>17.8.0</MicrosoftNETTestSdkVersion>
+    <NUnitVersion>3.14.0</NUnitVersion>
+    <NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion>3.16.3</NUnitConsoleRunnerVersion>
+    <NUnit3TestAdapterVersion>4.5.0</NUnit3TestAdapterVersion>
     <StyleCopAnalyzersVersion>1.1.118</StyleCopAnalyzersVersion>
   </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/lang/java/android/pom.xml b/lang/java/android/pom.xml
index e43bd5ab6e5..b1e5710a214 100644
--- a/lang/java/android/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/android/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/android/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java b/lang/java/android/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
index 09f6e4b7a1c..5c889b70b53 100644
--- a/lang/java/android/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
+++ b/lang/java/android/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.util.internal;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
 public class TestClassValueCache {
   @Test
-  public void testBasic() {
+  void basic() {
     ClassValueCache<String> cache = new ClassValueCache<>(Class::toString);
 
     String fromCache = cache.apply(String.class);
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/pom.xml b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/pom.xml
index 1b50363554b..4e180b12a53 100644
--- a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/pom.xml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-archetypes-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/pom/pom.xml b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/pom/pom.xml
index 362f5b69ce9..be2717556a5 100644
--- a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/pom/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/pom/pom.xml
@@ -33,13 +33,28 @@
   <name>Simple Avro Ordering Service</name>
 
   <properties>
+    <maven.compiler.source>${maven.compiler.source}</maven.compiler.source>
+    <maven.compiler.release>${maven.compiler.release}</maven.compiler.release>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</project.build.sourceEncoding>
     <avro.version>${project.version}</avro.version>
-    <jackson.version>${jackson.version}</jackson.version>
-    <junit.version>${junit.version}</junit.version>
+    <jackson-bom.version>${jackson-bom.version}</jackson-bom.version>
+    <junit5.version>${junit5.version}</junit5.version>
     <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
     <slf4j.version>${slf4j.version}</slf4j.version>
   </properties>
 
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson</groupId>
+        <artifactId>jackson-bom</artifactId>
+        <version>\${jackson-bom.version}</version>
+        <type>pom</type>
+        <scope>import</scope>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
@@ -56,16 +71,6 @@
       <artifactId>avro-ipc-netty</artifactId>
       <version>\${avro.version}</version>
     </dependency>
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
-      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
-      <version>\${jackson.version}</version>
-    </dependency>
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
-      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
-      <version>\${jackson.version}</version>
-    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
@@ -77,9 +82,9 @@
       <version>\${logback.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>junit</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
-      <version>\${junit.version}</version>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>\${junit5.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
@@ -135,6 +140,10 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <source>\${maven.compiler.source}</source>
+          <release>\${maven.compiler.release}</release>
+        </configuration>
       </plugin>
     </plugins>
   </build>
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/test/java/integration/SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest.java b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/test/java/integration/SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest.java
index e5d6ad7e509..0796826e0a9 100644
--- a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/test/java/integration/SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/test/java/integration/SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest.java
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 package ${package}.integration;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
 
 import ${package}.transport.SimpleOrderServiceEndpoint;
 import ${package}.transport.SimpleOrderServiceClient;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import ${package}.service.Confirmation;
 import ${package}.service.Item;
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
  * <code>SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest</code> runs as part of the Integration phase of the build and is
  * meant for end to end service testing.
  */
-public class SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest {
+class SimpleOrderServiceIntegrationTest {
 
   private static SimpleOrderServiceEndpoint service;
   private static SimpleOrderServiceClient client;
 
   @Test
-  public void simpleRoundTripTest() throws Exception {
+  void simpleRoundTripTest() throws Exception {
     Order simpleOrder = createOrder();
     Confirmation c = client.submitOrder(simpleOrder);
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public void simpleRoundTripTest() throws Exception {
     assertTrue(c.getEstimatedCompletion() > 0);
   }
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void setupTransport() throws Exception {
     InetSocketAddress endpointAddress = new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0", 12345);
     service = new SimpleOrderServiceEndpoint(endpointAddress);
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public static void setupTransport() throws Exception {
     client.start();
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void shutdownTransport() throws Exception {
     client.stop();
     service.stop();
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/integration/projects/basic/archetype.properties b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/resources/projects/basic/archetype.properties
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/integration/projects/basic/archetype.properties
rename to lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/resources/projects/basic/archetype.properties
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/integration/projects/basic/goal.txt b/lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/resources/projects/basic/goal.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/integration/projects/basic/goal.txt
rename to lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/resources/projects/basic/goal.txt
diff --git a/lang/java/archetypes/pom.xml b/lang/java/archetypes/pom.xml
index 27837400503..fb8294fedb1 100644
--- a/lang/java/archetypes/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/archetypes/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/pom.xml b/lang/java/avro/pom.xml
index bfa8154e11f..f855426f549 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/avro/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
@@ -54,7 +54,24 @@
           <include>org/apache/avro/data/Json.avsc</include>
         </includes>
       </resource>
+      <resource>
+        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+      </resource>
     </resources>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
+      </testResource>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>../../../share/</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>schemas/**</include>
+          <include>test/**</include>
+        </includes>
+        <targetPath>share/</targetPath>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+
     <plugins>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
@@ -67,6 +84,7 @@
           </archive>
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
+
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -100,122 +118,94 @@
           </execution>
         </executions>
       </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Always run integration tests -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <failIfNoProjects>true</failIfNoProjects>
+          <!--<debug>true</debug>-->
+          <streamLogsOnFailures>true</streamLogsOnFailures>
+          <projectsDirectory>./src/it</projectsDirectory>
+          <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it</cloneProjectsTo>
+          <pomIncludes>
+            <pomInclude>pom.xml</pomInclude>
+          </pomIncludes>
+          <postBuildHookScript>verify</postBuildHookScript>
+          <localRepositoryPath>${project.build.directory}/local-repo</localRepositoryPath>
+          <settingsFile>./src/it/settings.xml</settingsFile>
+          <environmentVariables>
+            <!-- Some tests must be disabled when running within the invoker plugin context -->
+            <WithinInvokerPlugin>true</WithinInvokerPlugin>
+          </environmentVariables>
+          <goals>
+            <goal>clean</goal>
+            <goal>test</goal>
+          </goals>
+        </configuration>
+
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>Populate the local repo for integration tests</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>install</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <execution>
+            <id>Run all tests under Java 11</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <filterProperties>
+                <integrationTestingJDK>11</integrationTestingJDK>
+              </filterProperties>
+              <properties>
+                <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
+              </properties>
+              <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-11</cloneProjectsTo>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+
+          <execution>
+            <id>Run all tests under Java 17</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <filterProperties>
+                <integrationTestingJDK>17</integrationTestingJDK>
+              </filterProperties>
+              <properties>
+                <maven.compiler.release>17</maven.compiler.release>
+              </properties>
+              <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-17</cloneProjectsTo>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+
+          <execution>
+            <id>Run all tests under Java 21</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <filterProperties>
+                <integrationTestingJDK>21</integrationTestingJDK>
+              </filterProperties>
+              <properties>
+                <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
+              </properties>
+              <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-21</cloneProjectsTo>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
     </plugins>
   </build>
 
-  <profiles>
-    <profile>
-      <id>interop-data-generate</id>
-      <activation>
-        <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
-      </activation>
-      <build>
-        <plugins>
-          <plugin>
-            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
-            <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-            <version>${exec-plugin.version}</version>
-            <executions>
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using null codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-null-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using deflate codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-deflate-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java_deflate.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                    <argument>deflate</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using snappy codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-snappy-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java_snappy.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                    <argument>snappy</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using bzip2 codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-bzip2-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java_bzip2.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                    <argument>bzip2</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using xz codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-xz-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java_xz.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                    <argument>xz</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-
-              <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using zstandard codec -->
-              <execution>
-                <id>interop-generate-zstandard-codec</id>
-                <phase>generate-resources</phase>
-                <configuration>
-                  <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
-                  <arguments>
-                    <argument>../../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</argument>
-                    <argument>../../../build/interop/data/java_zstandard.avro</argument>
-                    <argument>100</argument>
-                    <argument>zstandard</argument>
-                  </arguments>
-                </configuration>
-                <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
-              </execution>
-            </executions>
-          </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-      </build>
-    </profile>
-  </profiles>
 
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
@@ -250,5 +240,10 @@
       <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 </project>
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/it/pom.xml b/lang/java/avro/src/it/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a83cff3ed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/it/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>nl.example.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>integration-test</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0</version>
+
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+  <name>IT : Java @integrationTestingJDK@</name>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.build.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.outputEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>../../src/test/resources</directory>
+      </testResource>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>../../../../../share/</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>schemas/**</include>
+          <include>test/**</include>
+        </includes>
+        <targetPath>share/</targetPath>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-toolchains-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@maven-toolchains-plugin.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <toolchains>
+            <jdk>
+              <version>@integrationTestingJDK@</version>
+            </jdk>
+          </toolchains>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@maven-compiler-plugin.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+          <id>default-compile</id>
+            <configuration>
+              <skip>true</skip>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+          <execution>
+            <id>default-testCompile</id>
+            <configuration>
+              <compileSourceRoots>../../src/test/java</compileSourceRoots>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@maven-surefire-plugin.version@</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <useModulePath>false</useModulePath>
+          <failIfNoTests>true</failIfNoTests>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <!-- The project artifact to be tested -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>@project.groupId@</groupId>
+      <artifactId>@project.artifactId@</artifactId>
+      <version>@project.version@</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Some tests expect the optional dependencies to be present -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
+      <artifactId>snappy-java</artifactId>
+      <version>@snappy.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.tukaani</groupId>
+      <artifactId>xz</artifactId>
+      <version>@tukaani.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.github.luben</groupId>
+      <artifactId>zstd-jni</artifactId>
+      <version>@zstd-jni.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- External test deps -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+      <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
+      <version>@hamcrest.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+      <version>@mockito.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/it/settings.xml b/lang/java/avro/src/it/settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e3d2e38201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/it/settings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<settings>
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>it-repo</id>
+      <activation>
+        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
+      </activation>
+      <repositories>
+        <repository>
+          <id>local.central</id>
+          <url>@localRepositoryUrl@</url>
+          <releases>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </releases>
+          <snapshots>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </snapshots>
+        </repository>
+      </repositories>
+      <pluginRepositories>
+        <pluginRepository>
+          <id>local.central</id>
+          <url>@localRepositoryUrl@</url>
+          <releases>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </releases>
+          <snapshots>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </snapshots>
+        </pluginRepository>
+      </pluginRepositories>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</settings>
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ddec8155a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+/**
+ * Schema formatter factory that supports the "Parsing Canonical Form".
+ *
+ * @see <a href=
+ *      "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas">Specification:
+ *      Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas</a>
+ */
+public class CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory implements SchemaFormatterFactory, SchemaFormatter {
+  @Override
+  public SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter() {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String format(Schema schema) {
+    return SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(schema);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversion.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversion.java
index 4ae75f4a5cb..934672e7d30 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversion.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversion.java
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericFixed;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
@@ -28,23 +31,33 @@
 /**
  * Conversion between generic and logical type instances.
  * <p>
- * Instances of this class are added to GenericData to convert a logical type to
- * a particular representation.
+ * Instances of this class can be added to GenericData to convert a logical type
+ * to a particular representation. This can be done manually, using
+ * {@link GenericData#addLogicalTypeConversion(Conversion)}, or automatically.
+ * This last option uses the Java {@link ServiceLoader}, and requires the
+ * implementation to be a public class with a public no-arg constructor, be
+ * named in a file called {@code /META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.Conversion},
+ * and both must available in the classpath.</li>
  * <p>
- * Implementations must provide: * {@link #getConvertedType()}: get the Java
- * class used for the logical type * {@link #getLogicalTypeName()}: get the
- * logical type this implements
+ * Implementations must provide:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>{@link #getConvertedType()}: get the Java class used for the logical
+ * type</li>
+ * <li>{@link #getLogicalTypeName()}: get the logical type this implements</li>
+ * </ul>
  * <p>
- * Subclasses must also override all of the conversion methods for Avro's base
- * types that are valid for the logical type, or else risk causing
+ * Subclasses must also override the conversion methods for Avro's base types
+ * that are valid for the logical type, or else risk causing
  * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} at runtime.
  * <p>
  * Optionally, use {@link #getRecommendedSchema()} to provide a Schema that will
- * be used when a Schema is generated for the class returned by
- * {@code getConvertedType}.
+ * be used when generating a Schema for the class. This is useful when using
+ * {@code ReflectData} or {@code ProtobufData}, for example.
  *
- * @param <T> a Java type that generic data is converted to
+ * @param <T> a Java type that can represent the named logical type
+ * @see ServiceLoader
  */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 public abstract class Conversion<T> {
 
   /**
@@ -65,9 +78,9 @@ public abstract class Conversion<T> {
    * Certain logical types may require adjusting the code within the "setter"
    * methods to make sure the data that is set is properly formatted. This method
    * allows the Conversion to generate custom setter code if required.
-   * 
-   * @param varName
-   * @param valParamName
+   *
+   * @param varName      the name of the variable holding the converted value
+   * @param valParamName the name of the parameter with the new converted value
    * @return a String for the body of the setter method
    */
   public String adjustAndSetValue(String varName, String valParamName) {
@@ -102,7 +115,7 @@ public T fromCharSequence(CharSequence value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("fromCharSequence is not supported for " + type.getName());
   }
 
-  public T fromEnumSymbol(GenericEnumSymbol value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+  public T fromEnumSymbol(GenericEnumSymbol<?> value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("fromEnumSymbol is not supported for " + type.getName());
   }
 
@@ -150,7 +163,7 @@ public CharSequence toCharSequence(T value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("toCharSequence is not supported for " + type.getName());
   }
 
-  public GenericEnumSymbol toEnumSymbol(T value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+  public GenericEnumSymbol<?> toEnumSymbol(T value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("toEnumSymbol is not supported for " + type.getName());
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversions.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversions.java
index 1c28c9adb81..99ad500647e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversions.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Conversions.java
@@ -18,15 +18,24 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericFixed;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.util.TimePeriod;
 
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -59,6 +68,22 @@ public UUID fromCharSequence(CharSequence value, Schema schema, LogicalType type
     public CharSequence toCharSequence(UUID value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
       return value.toString();
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public UUID fromFixed(final GenericFixed value, final Schema schema, final LogicalType type) {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.bytes());
+      long mostSigBits = buffer.getLong();
+      long leastSigBits = buffer.getLong();
+      return new UUID(mostSigBits, leastSigBits);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public GenericFixed toFixed(final UUID value, final Schema schema, final LogicalType type) {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(2 * Long.BYTES);
+      buffer.putLong(value.getMostSignificantBits());
+      buffer.putLong(value.getLeastSignificantBits());
+      return new GenericData.Fixed(schema, buffer.array());
+    }
   }
 
   public static class DecimalConversion extends Conversion<BigDecimal> {
@@ -106,11 +131,12 @@ public GenericFixed toFixed(BigDecimal value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
       byte fillByte = (byte) (value.signum() < 0 ? 0xFF : 0x00);
       byte[] unscaled = value.unscaledValue().toByteArray();
       byte[] bytes = new byte[schema.getFixedSize()];
-      int offset = bytes.length - unscaled.length;
+      int unscaledLength = unscaled.length;
+      int offset = bytes.length - unscaledLength;
 
-      // Fill the front of the array and copy remaining with unscaled values
+      // Fill the front with the filler and copy the unscaled value into the remainder
       Arrays.fill(bytes, 0, offset, fillByte);
-      System.arraycopy(unscaled, 0, bytes, offset, bytes.length - offset);
+      System.arraycopy(unscaled, 0, bytes, offset, unscaledLength);
 
       return new GenericData.Fixed(schema, bytes);
     }
@@ -146,8 +172,104 @@ private static BigDecimal validate(final LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal, BigDecima
     }
   }
 
+  public static class BigDecimalConversion extends Conversion<BigDecimal> {
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<BigDecimal> getConvertedType() {
+      return BigDecimal.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+      return "big-decimal";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BigDecimal fromBytes(final ByteBuffer value, final Schema schema, final LogicalType type) {
+      BinaryDecoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(value.array(), null);
+
+      try {
+        BigInteger bg = null;
+        ByteBuffer buffer = decoder.readBytes(null);
+        byte[] array = buffer.array();
+        if (array != null && array.length > 0) {
+          bg = new BigInteger(array);
+        }
+
+        int scale = decoder.readInt();
+        return new BigDecimal(bg, scale);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer toBytes(final BigDecimal value, final Schema schema, final LogicalType type) {
+      try {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(out, null);
+
+        BigInteger unscaledValue = value.unscaledValue();
+        if (unscaledValue != null) {
+          encoder.writeBytes(unscaledValue.toByteArray());
+        } else {
+          encoder.writeBytes(new byte[] {});
+        }
+        encoder.writeInt(value.scale());
+        encoder.flush();
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(out.toByteArray());
+
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+      return LogicalTypes.bigDecimal().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class DurationConversion extends Conversion<TimePeriod> {
+    @Override
+    public Class<TimePeriod> getConvertedType() {
+      return TimePeriod.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+      return "duration";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+      return LogicalTypes.duration().addToSchema(Schema.createFixed("time.Duration",
+          "A 12-byte byte array encoding a duration in months, days and milliseconds.", null, 12));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TimePeriod fromFixed(GenericFixed value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      IntBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.bytes()).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).asIntBuffer();
+      long months = Integer.toUnsignedLong(buffer.get());
+      long days = Integer.toUnsignedLong(buffer.get());
+      long millis = Integer.toUnsignedLong(buffer.get());
+      return TimePeriod.of(months, days, millis);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public GenericFixed toFixed(TimePeriod value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(12).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+      IntBuffer intBuffer = buffer.asIntBuffer();
+      intBuffer.put((int) value.getMonths());
+      intBuffer.put((int) value.getDays());
+      intBuffer.put((int) value.getMillis());
+      return new GenericData.Fixed(schema, buffer.array());
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
-   * Convert a underlying representation of a logical type (such as a ByteBuffer)
+   * Convert an underlying representation of a logical type (such as a ByteBuffer)
    * to a higher level object (such as a BigDecimal).
    *
    * @param datum      The object to be converted.
@@ -157,9 +279,9 @@ private static BigDecimal validate(final LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal, BigDecima
    * @param conversion The tool used to finish the conversion. Cannot be null if
    *                   datum is not null.
    * @return The result object, which is a high level object of the logical type.
-   *         If a null datum is passed in, a null value will be returned.
-   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a null schema, type or conversion is
-   *                                  passed in while datum is not null.
+   *         The null datum always converts to a null value.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if datum is not null, but schema, type or
+   *                                  conversion is.
    */
   public static Object convertToLogicalType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalType type, Conversion<?> conversion) {
     if (datum == null) {
@@ -176,9 +298,9 @@ public static Object convertToLogicalType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalTy
       case RECORD:
         return conversion.fromRecord((IndexedRecord) datum, schema, type);
       case ENUM:
-        return conversion.fromEnumSymbol((GenericEnumSymbol) datum, schema, type);
+        return conversion.fromEnumSymbol((GenericEnumSymbol<?>) datum, schema, type);
       case ARRAY:
-        return conversion.fromArray((Collection) datum, schema, type);
+        return conversion.fromArray((Collection<?>) datum, schema, type);
       case MAP:
         return conversion.fromMap((Map<?, ?>) datum, schema, type);
       case FIXED:
@@ -201,13 +323,13 @@ public static Object convertToLogicalType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalTy
       return datum;
     } catch (ClassCastException e) {
       throw new AvroRuntimeException(
-          "Cannot convert " + datum + ":" + datum.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": expected generic type", e);
+          "Cannot convert " + datum + ':' + datum.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": expected generic type", e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Convert a high level representation of a logical type (such as a BigDecimal)
-   * to the its underlying representation object (such as a ByteBuffer)
+   * to its underlying representation object (such as a ByteBuffer)
    *
    * @param datum      The object to be converted.
    * @param schema     The schema of datum. Cannot be null if datum is not null.
@@ -218,8 +340,8 @@ public static Object convertToLogicalType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalTy
    * @return The result object, which is an underlying representation object of
    *         the logical type. If the input param datum is null, a null value will
    *         be returned.
-   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a null schema, type or conversion is
-   *                                  passed in while datum is not null.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if datum is not null, but schema, type or
+   *                                  conversion is.
    */
   public static <T> Object convertToRawType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalType type, Conversion<T> conversion) {
     if (datum == null) {
@@ -262,7 +384,7 @@ public static <T> Object convertToRawType(Object datum, Schema schema, LogicalTy
       return datum;
     } catch (ClassCastException e) {
       throw new AvroRuntimeException(
-          "Cannot convert " + datum + ":" + datum.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": expected logical type", e);
+          "Cannot convert " + datum + ':' + datum.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": expected logical type", e);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/FormattedSchemaParser.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/FormattedSchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c37eca15dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/FormattedSchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+
+/**
+ * Schema parser for a specific schema format.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The {@link SchemaParser} class uses this interface, supporting text based
+ * schema sources.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Implementations are located using a {@link java.util.ServiceLoader} and must
+ * therefore be threadsafe. See the {@code ServiceLoader} class for details on
+ * loading your implementation.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @see java.util.ServiceLoader
+ */
+public interface FormattedSchemaParser {
+  /**
+   * <p>
+   * Parse schema definitions from a text based source.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <h2>Notes for implementers:</h2>
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   * <li>Schema definitions are expected not to be in the format the parser
+   * expects. So when the input clearly doesn't make sense (e.g., reading "/**"
+   * when expecting JSON), it is a good idea not to do anything (especially
+   * calling methods on the @code ParseContext}).</li>
+   * <li>The parameter {@code parseContext} is not thread-safe.</li>
+   * <li>All named schema definitions that are parsed should be added to the
+   * provided {@link ParseContext}.</li>
+   * <li>Optionally, you may return a "main" schema. Some schema definitions have
+   * one, for example the schema defined by the root of the JSON document in a
+   * <a href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/">standard schema
+   * definition</a>. If unsure, return {@code null}.</li>
+   * <li>If parsing fails, throw a {@link SchemaParseException}. This will let the
+   * parsing process recover and continue.</li>
+   * <li>Throwing anything other than a {@code SchemaParseException} will abort
+   * the parsing process, so reserve that for rethrowing exceptions.</li>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * @param parseContext    the current parse context: all named schemata that are
+   *                        parsed should be added here, otherwise resolving
+   *                        schemata can fail; contains all previously known types
+   * @param baseUri         the base location of the schema, or {@code null} if
+   *                        not known
+   * @param formattedSchema the text of the schema definition(s) to parse
+   * @return the main schema, if any
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException when the schema cannot be parsed
+   */
+  Schema parse(ParseContext parseContext, URI baseUri, CharSequence formattedSchema)
+      throws IOException, SchemaParseException;
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonProperties.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonProperties.java
index b53bc6cb2ba..0c100baa98f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonProperties.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonProperties.java
@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
 import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor.JsonPropertiesAccessor;
@@ -241,6 +243,11 @@ public Object getObjectProp(String name) {
     return JacksonUtils.toObject(props.get(name));
   }
 
+  public Object getObjectProp(String name, Object defaultValue) {
+    final JsonNode json = props.get(name);
+    return json != null ? JacksonUtils.toObject(json) : defaultValue;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Adds a property with the given name <tt>name</tt> and value <tt>value</tt>.
    * Neither <tt>name</tt> nor <tt>value</tt> can be <tt>null</tt>. It is illegal
@@ -307,6 +314,17 @@ public Map<String, Object> getObjectProps() {
     return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
   }
 
+  public boolean propsContainsKey(String key) {
+    return this.props.containsKey(key);
+  }
+
+  public void forEachProperty(BiConsumer<String, Object> consumer) {
+    for (Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> entry : this.props.entrySet()) {
+      final Object value = JacksonUtils.toObject(entry.getValue());
+      consumer.accept(entry.getKey(), value);
+    }
+  }
+
   void writeProps(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
     for (Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> e : props.entrySet())
       gen.writeObjectField(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
@@ -317,7 +335,7 @@ int propsHashCode() {
   }
 
   boolean propsEqual(JsonProperties np) {
-    return props.equals(np.props);
+    return Objects.equals(props, np.props);
   }
 
   public boolean hasProps() {
diff --git a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatter.java
similarity index 59%
rename from lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
rename to lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatter.java
index 6175167803a..5d372658611 100644
--- a/lang/csharp/src/apache/codegen/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatter.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+package org.apache.avro;
 
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+public class JsonSchemaFormatter implements SchemaFormatter {
+  private final boolean prettyPrinted;
 
-[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Avro.codegen")]
-[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
-[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
-[assembly: AssemblyCompany("Apache")]
-[assembly: AssemblyProduct("Avro.codegen")]
-[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Apache 2013")]
-[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
-[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
-[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
-[assembly: Guid("3C23DD33-DD4F-42B1-B71F-8F9C86929E58")]
-[assembly: AssemblyVersion("0.9.0.0")]
-[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("0.9.0.0")]
\ No newline at end of file
+  public JsonSchemaFormatter(boolean prettyPrinted) {
+    this.prettyPrinted = prettyPrinted;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String format(Schema schema) {
+    // TODO: Move the toString implementation here and have Schema#toString()
+    // use SchemaFormatter with the formats "json/pretty" and "json/inline"
+    return schema.toString(prettyPrinted);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatterFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..915a671ebd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaFormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+public class JsonSchemaFormatterFactory implements SchemaFormatterFactory {
+
+  public static final String VARIANT_NAME_PRETTY = "pretty";
+  public static final String VARIANT_NAME_INLINE = "inline";
+
+  @Override
+  public SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter() {
+    return getFormatterForVariant(VARIANT_NAME_PRETTY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SchemaFormatter getFormatterForVariant(String variantName) {
+    if (VARIANT_NAME_PRETTY.equals(variantName)) {
+      return new JsonSchemaFormatter(true);
+    } else if (VARIANT_NAME_INLINE.equals(variantName)) {
+      return new JsonSchemaFormatter(false);
+    } else {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Unknown JSON variant: " + variantName);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaParser.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5dd532444a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/JsonSchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+
+/**
+ * Schema parser for JSON formatted schemata. This initial implementation simply
+ * delegates to the {@link Schema.Parser} class, though it should be refactored
+ * out of there.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Note: this class is intentionally not available via the Java
+ * {@link java.util.ServiceLoader}, as its use is hardcoded as fallback when no
+ * service exists. This enables users to reliably override the standard JSON
+ * parser as well.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class JsonSchemaParser implements FormattedSchemaParser {
+  /**
+   * <p>
+   * Parse a schema written in the internal (JSON) format without any validations.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Using this method is only safe if used to parse a write schema (i.e., a
+   * schema used to read Avro data). Other usages, for example by generated Avro
+   * code, can cause interoperability problems.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Use with care and sufficient testing!
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param fragments one or more strings making up the schema (some schemata
+   *                  exceed the compiler limits)
+   * @return the parsed schema
+   */
+  public static Schema parseInternal(String... fragments) {
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    for (String fragment : fragments) {
+      buffer.append(fragment);
+    }
+
+    boolean saved = Schema.getValidateDefaults();
+    try {
+      Schema.setValidateDefaults(false);
+      ParseContext context = new ParseContext(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION);
+      Schema schema = new JsonSchemaParser().parse(context, buffer, true);
+      context.commit();
+      context.resolveAllSchemas();
+      return context.resolve(schema);
+    } finally {
+      Schema.setValidateDefaults(saved);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Schema parse(ParseContext parseContext, URI baseUri, CharSequence formattedSchema)
+      throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(parseContext, formattedSchema, false);
+  }
+
+  private Schema parse(ParseContext parseContext, CharSequence formattedSchema, boolean allowInvalidDefaults)
+      throws SchemaParseException {
+    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser(parseContext);
+    if (allowInvalidDefaults) {
+      parser.setValidateDefaults(false);
+    }
+    return parser.parseInternal(formattedSchema.toString());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/LogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/LogicalTypes.java
index 5b03e1524fc..6a894f05104 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/LogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/LogicalTypes.java
@@ -18,18 +18,35 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 public class LogicalTypes {
 
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogicalTypes.class);
 
+  /**
+   * Factory interface and SPI for logical types. A {@code LogicalTypeFactory} can
+   * be registered in two ways:
+   *
+   * <ol>
+   * <li>Manually, via {@link #register(LogicalTypeFactory)} or
+   * {@link #register(String, LogicalTypeFactory)}</li>
+   *
+   * <li>Automatically, when the {@code LogicalTypeFactory} implementation is a
+   * public class with a public no-arg constructor, is named in a file called
+   * {@code /META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes$LogicalTypeFactory},
+   * and both are available in the classpath</li>
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * @see ServiceLoader
+   */
   public interface LogicalTypeFactory {
     LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema);
 
@@ -40,6 +57,12 @@ default String getTypeName() {
 
   private static final Map<String, LogicalTypeFactory> REGISTERED_TYPES = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
+  static {
+    for (LogicalTypeFactory logicalTypeFactory : ServiceLoader.load(LogicalTypeFactory.class)) {
+      register(logicalTypeFactory);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Register a logical type.
    *
@@ -114,6 +137,9 @@ private static LogicalType fromSchemaImpl(Schema schema, boolean throwErrors) {
       case DECIMAL:
         logicalType = new Decimal(schema);
         break;
+      case BIG_DECIMAL:
+        logicalType = BIG_DECIMAL_TYPE;
+        break;
       case UUID:
         logicalType = UUID_TYPE;
         break;
@@ -123,6 +149,9 @@ private static LogicalType fromSchemaImpl(Schema schema, boolean throwErrors) {
       case TIMESTAMP_MICROS:
         logicalType = TIMESTAMP_MICROS_TYPE;
         break;
+      case TIMESTAMP_NANOS:
+        logicalType = TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE;
+        break;
       case TIME_MILLIS:
         logicalType = TIME_MILLIS_TYPE;
         break;
@@ -135,6 +164,9 @@ private static LogicalType fromSchemaImpl(Schema schema, boolean throwErrors) {
       case LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS:
         logicalType = LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_TYPE;
         break;
+      case LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS:
+        logicalType = LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE;
+        break;
       default:
         final LogicalTypeFactory typeFactory = REGISTERED_TYPES.get(typeName);
         logicalType = (typeFactory == null) ? null : typeFactory.fromSchema(schema);
@@ -159,14 +191,18 @@ private static LogicalType fromSchemaImpl(Schema schema, boolean throwErrors) {
   }
 
   private static final String DECIMAL = "decimal";
+  private static final String BIG_DECIMAL = "big-decimal";
+  private static final String DURATION = "duration";
   private static final String UUID = "uuid";
   private static final String DATE = "date";
   private static final String TIME_MILLIS = "time-millis";
   private static final String TIME_MICROS = "time-micros";
   private static final String TIMESTAMP_MILLIS = "timestamp-millis";
   private static final String TIMESTAMP_MICROS = "timestamp-micros";
+  private static final String TIMESTAMP_NANOS = "timestamp-nanos";
   private static final String LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS = "local-timestamp-millis";
   private static final String LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MICROS = "local-timestamp-micros";
+  private static final String LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS = "local-timestamp-nanos";
 
   /** Create a Decimal LogicalType with the given precision and scale 0 */
   public static Decimal decimal(int precision) {
@@ -178,12 +214,25 @@ public static Decimal decimal(int precision, int scale) {
     return new Decimal(precision, scale);
   }
 
-  private static final LogicalType UUID_TYPE = new LogicalType("uuid");
+  private static final BigDecimal BIG_DECIMAL_TYPE = new BigDecimal();
+
+  /** Create a Big Decimal LogicalType that can accept any precision and scale */
+  public static BigDecimal bigDecimal() {
+    return BIG_DECIMAL_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  private static final LogicalType UUID_TYPE = new Uuid();
 
   public static LogicalType uuid() {
     return UUID_TYPE;
   }
 
+  private static final LogicalType DURATION_TYPE = new Duration();
+
+  public static LogicalType duration() {
+    return DURATION_TYPE;
+  }
+
   private static final Date DATE_TYPE = new Date();
 
   public static Date date() {
@@ -214,6 +263,12 @@ public static TimestampMicros timestampMicros() {
     return TIMESTAMP_MICROS_TYPE;
   }
 
+  private static final TimestampNanos TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE = new TimestampNanos();
+
+  public static TimestampNanos timestampNanos() {
+    return TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE;
+  }
+
   private static final LocalTimestampMillis LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_TYPE = new LocalTimestampMillis();
 
   public static LocalTimestampMillis localTimestampMillis() {
@@ -226,6 +281,50 @@ public static LocalTimestampMicros localTimestampMicros() {
     return LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MICROS_TYPE;
   }
 
+  private static final LocalTimestampNanos LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE = new LocalTimestampNanos();
+
+  public static LocalTimestampNanos localTimestampNanos() {
+    return LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  /** Uuid represents a uuid without a time */
+  public static class Uuid extends LogicalType {
+
+    private static final int UUID_BYTES = 2 * Long.BYTES;
+
+    private Uuid() {
+      super(UUID);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate(Schema schema) {
+      super.validate(schema);
+      if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.STRING && schema.getType() != Schema.Type.FIXED) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uuid can only be used with an underlying string or fixed type");
+      }
+      if (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.FIXED && schema.getFixedSize() != UUID_BYTES) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uuid with fixed type must have a size of " + UUID_BYTES + " bytes");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Duration represents a duration, consisting on months, days and milliseconds
+   */
+  public static class Duration extends LogicalType {
+    private Duration() {
+      super(DURATION);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate(Schema schema) {
+      super.validate(schema);
+      if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.FIXED || schema.getFixedSize() != 12) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duration can only be used with an underlying fixed type of size 12.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Decimal represents arbitrary-precision fixed-scale decimal numbers */
   public static class Decimal extends LogicalType {
     private static final String PRECISION_PROP = "precision";
@@ -306,7 +405,7 @@ private long maxPrecision(Schema schema) {
     }
 
     private boolean hasProperty(Schema schema, String name) {
-      return (schema.getObjectProp(name) != null);
+      return schema.propsContainsKey(name);
     }
 
     private int getInt(Schema schema, String name) {
@@ -340,6 +439,20 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
   }
 
+  public static class BigDecimal extends LogicalType {
+    private BigDecimal() {
+      super(BIG_DECIMAL);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate(final Schema schema) {
+      super.validate(schema);
+      if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.BYTES) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("BigDecimal can only be used with an underlying bytes type");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Date represents a date without a time */
   public static class Date extends LogicalType {
     private Date() {
@@ -415,6 +528,21 @@ public void validate(Schema schema) {
     }
   }
 
+  /** TimestampNanos represents a date and time in nanoseconds */
+  public static class TimestampNanos extends LogicalType {
+    private TimestampNanos() {
+      super(TIMESTAMP_NANOS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate(Schema schema) {
+      super.validate(schema);
+      if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.LONG) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Timestamp (nanos) can only be used with an underlying long type");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   public static class LocalTimestampMillis extends LogicalType {
     private LocalTimestampMillis() {
       super(LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
@@ -443,4 +571,18 @@ public void validate(Schema schema) {
     }
   }
 
+  public static class LocalTimestampNanos extends LogicalType {
+    private LocalTimestampNanos() {
+      super(LOCAL_TIMESTAMP_NANOS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate(Schema schema) {
+      super.validate(schema);
+      if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.LONG) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Local timestamp (micros) can only be used with an underlying long type");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/NameValidator.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/NameValidator.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1262d922cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/NameValidator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+public interface NameValidator {
+
+  class Result {
+    private final String errors;
+
+    public Result(final String errors) {
+      this.errors = errors;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isOK() {
+      return this == NameValidator.OK;
+    }
+
+    public String getErrors() {
+      return errors;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Result OK = new Result(null);
+
+  default Result validate(String name) {
+    return OK;
+  }
+
+  NameValidator NO_VALIDATION = new NameValidator() {
+  };
+
+  NameValidator UTF_VALIDATOR = new NameValidator() {
+    @Override
+    public Result validate(final String name) {
+      if (name == null) {
+        return new Result("Null name");
+      }
+      int length = name.length();
+      if (length == 0) {
+        return new Result("Empty name");
+      }
+      char first = name.charAt(0);
+      if (!(Character.isLetter(first) || first == '_')) {
+        return new Result("Illegal initial character: " + name);
+      }
+      for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        char c = name.charAt(i);
+        if (!(Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) || c == '_')) {
+          return new Result("Illegal character in: " + name);
+        }
+      }
+      return OK;
+    }
+  };
+
+  NameValidator STRICT_VALIDATOR = new NameValidator() {
+    @Override
+    public Result validate(final String name) {
+      if (name == null) {
+        return new Result("Null name");
+      }
+      int length = name.length();
+      if (length == 0) {
+        return new Result("Empty name");
+      }
+      char first = name.charAt(0);
+      if (!(isLetter(first) || first == '_')) {
+        return new Result("Illegal initial character: " + name);
+      }
+      for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        char c = name.charAt(i);
+        if (!(isLetter(c) || isDigit(c) || c == '_')) {
+          return new Result("Illegal character in: " + name);
+        }
+      }
+      return OK;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLetter(char c) {
+      return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDigit(char c) {
+      return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+    }
+
+  };
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContext.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7bc42b9787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaResolver;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Schemas;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Class to define a name context, useful to reference schemata with. This
+ * allows for the following:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>Collect new named schemata.</li>
+ * <li>Find schemata by name, including primitives.</li>
+ * <li>Find schemas that do not exist yet.</li>
+ * <li>Resolve references to schemas that didn't exist yet when first used.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class is NOT thread-safe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Note: this class has no use for most Avro users, but is a key component when
+ * implementing a schema parser.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/">JSON based
+ *      schema definition</a>
+ **/
+public class ParseContext {
+  private static final Map<String, Schema.Type> PRIMITIVES = new HashMap<>();
+
+  static {
+    PRIMITIVES.put("string", Schema.Type.STRING);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("bytes", Schema.Type.BYTES);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("int", Schema.Type.INT);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("long", Schema.Type.LONG);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("float", Schema.Type.FLOAT);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("double", Schema.Type.DOUBLE);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("boolean", Schema.Type.BOOLEAN);
+    PRIMITIVES.put("null", Schema.Type.NULL);
+  }
+
+  private static final Set<Schema.Type> NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES = EnumSet.of(Schema.Type.RECORD, Schema.Type.ENUM,
+      Schema.Type.FIXED);
+  /**
+   * Collection of old schemata. Can contain unresolved references if !isResolved.
+   */
+  private final Map<String, Schema> oldSchemas;
+  /**
+   * Collection of new schemata. Can contain unresolved references.
+   */
+  private final Map<String, Schema> newSchemas;
+  /**
+   * The name validator to use.
+   */
+  // Visible for use in JsonSchemaParser
+  final NameValidator nameValidator;
+  /**
+   * Visitor that was used to resolve schemata with. If not available, some
+   * schemata in {@code oldSchemas} may not be fully resolved. If available, all
+   * schemata in {@code oldSchemas} are resolved, and {@code newSchemas} is empty.
+   * After visiting a schema, it can return the corresponding resolved schema for
+   * a schema that possibly contains unresolved references.
+   */
+  private SchemaResolver.ResolvingVisitor resolvingVisitor;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a {@code ParseContext} for the default/{@code null} namespace, using
+   * default name validation for new schemata.
+   */
+  public ParseContext() {
+    this(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a {@code ParseContext} using the specified name validation for new
+   * schemata.
+   */
+  public ParseContext(NameValidator nameValidator) {
+    this(requireNonNull(nameValidator), new LinkedHashMap<>(), new LinkedHashMap<>());
+  }
+
+  private ParseContext(NameValidator nameValidator, Map<String, Schema> oldSchemas, Map<String, Schema> newSchemas) {
+    this.nameValidator = nameValidator;
+    this.oldSchemas = oldSchemas;
+    this.newSchemas = newSchemas;
+    resolvingVisitor = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tell whether this context contains a schema with the given name.
+   *
+   * @param name a schema name
+   * @return {@code true} if the context contains a schema with this name,
+   *         {@code false} otherwise
+   */
+  public boolean contains(String name) {
+    return PRIMITIVES.containsKey(name) || oldSchemas.containsKey(name) || newSchemas.containsKey(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * <p>
+   * Find a schema by name and namespace.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * That is:
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <ol>
+   * <li>If {@code name} is a primitive name, return a (new) schema for it</li>
+   * <li>Otherwise, determine the full schema name (using the given
+   * {@code namespace} if necessary), and find it</li>
+   * <li>If no schema was found and {@code name} is a simple name, find the schema
+   * in the default (null) namespace</li>
+   * <li>If still no schema was found, return an unresolved reference for the full
+   * schema name (see step 2)</li>
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Note: as an unresolved reference might be returned, the schema is not
+   * directly usable. Please {@link #put(Schema)} the schema using it in the
+   * context. The {@link SchemaParser} and protocol parsers will ensure you'll
+   * only get a resolved schema that is usable.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param name      the schema name to find
+   * @param namespace the namespace to find the schema against
+   * @return the schema, or an unresolved reference
+   */
+  public Schema find(String name, String namespace) {
+    Schema.Type type = PRIMITIVES.get(name);
+    if (type != null) {
+      return Schema.create(type);
+    }
+
+    String fullName = fullName(name, namespace);
+    Schema schema = getNamedSchema(fullName);
+    if (schema == null) {
+      schema = getNamedSchema(name);
+    }
+
+    return schema != null ? schema : SchemaResolver.unresolvedSchema(fullName);
+  }
+
+  private String fullName(String name, String namespace) {
+    if (namespace != null && name.lastIndexOf('.') < 0) {
+      return namespace + "." + name;
+    }
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a schema by name. Note that the schema might not (yet) be resolved/usable
+   * until {@link #resolveAllSchemas()} has been called.
+   *
+   * @param fullName a full schema name
+   * @return the schema, if known
+   */
+  public Schema getNamedSchema(String fullName) {
+    Schema schema = oldSchemas.get(fullName);
+    if (schema == null) {
+      schema = newSchemas.get(fullName);
+    }
+    return schema;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Put the schema into this context. This is an idempotent operation: it only
+   * fails if this context already has a different schema with the same name.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Note that although this method works for all types except for arrays, maps
+   * and unions, all primitive types have already been defined upon construction.
+   * This means you cannot redefine a 'long' with a logical timestamp type.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param schema the schema to put into the context
+   */
+  public void put(Schema schema) {
+    if (!(NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES.contains(schema.getType()))) {
+      throw new AvroTypeException("You can only put a named schema into the context");
+    }
+
+    String fullName = requireValidFullName(schema.getFullName());
+
+    Schema alreadyKnownSchema = oldSchemas.get(fullName);
+    if (alreadyKnownSchema != null) {
+      if (!schema.equals(alreadyKnownSchema)) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException("Can't redefine: " + fullName);
+      }
+    } else {
+      resolvingVisitor = null;
+      Schema previouslyAddedSchema = newSchemas.putIfAbsent(fullName, schema);
+      if (previouslyAddedSchema != null && !previouslyAddedSchema.equals(schema)) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException("Can't redefine: " + fullName);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String requireValidFullName(String fullName) {
+    String[] names = fullName.split("\\.");
+    for (int i = 0; i < names.length - 1; i++) {
+      validateName(names[i], "Namespace part");
+    }
+    validateName(names[names.length - 1], "Name");
+    return fullName;
+  }
+
+  private void validateName(String name, String typeOfName) {
+    NameValidator.Result result = nameValidator.validate(name);
+    if (!result.isOK()) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException(typeOfName + " \"" + name + "\" is invalid: " + result.getErrors());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasNewSchemas() {
+    return !newSchemas.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  public void commit() {
+    oldSchemas.putAll(newSchemas);
+    newSchemas.clear();
+  }
+
+  public SchemaParser.ParseResult commit(Schema mainSchema) {
+    Collection<Schema> parsedNamedSchemas = newSchemas.values();
+    SchemaParser.ParseResult parseResult = new SchemaParser.ParseResult() {
+      @Override
+      public Schema mainSchema() {
+        return mainSchema == null ? null : resolve(mainSchema);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public List<Schema> parsedNamedSchemas() {
+        return parsedNamedSchemas.stream().map(ParseContext.this::resolve).collect(Collectors.toList());
+      }
+    };
+    commit();
+    return parseResult;
+  }
+
+  public void rollback() {
+    newSchemas.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve all (named) schemas that were parsed. This resolves all forward
+   * references, even if parsed from different files. Note: the context must be
+   * committed for this method to work.
+   *
+   * @return all parsed schemas, in the order they were parsed
+   * @throws AvroTypeException if a schema reference cannot be resolved
+   */
+  public List<Schema> resolveAllSchemas() {
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+
+    return new ArrayList<>(oldSchemas.values());
+  }
+
+  private void ensureSchemasAreResolved() {
+    if (hasNewSchemas()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Schemas cannot be resolved unless the ParseContext is committed.");
+    }
+    if (resolvingVisitor == null) {
+      NameValidator saved = Schema.getNameValidator();
+      try {
+        // Ensure we use the same validation when copying schemas as when they were
+        // defined.
+        Schema.setNameValidator(nameValidator);
+        SchemaResolver.ResolvingVisitor visitor = new SchemaResolver.ResolvingVisitor(oldSchemas::get);
+        oldSchemas.values().forEach(schema -> Schemas.visit(schema, visitor));
+        // Before this point is where we can get exceptions due to resolving failures.
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Schema> entry : oldSchemas.entrySet()) {
+          entry.setValue(visitor.getResolved(entry.getValue()));
+        }
+        resolvingVisitor = visitor;
+      } finally {
+        Schema.setNameValidator(saved);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve unresolved references in a schema <em>that was parsed for this
+   * context</em> using the types known to this context. Note: this method will
+   * ensure all known schemas are resolved, or throw, and thus requires the
+   * context to be committed.
+   *
+   * @param schema the schema resolve
+   * @return the fully resolved schema
+   * @throws AvroTypeException if a schema reference cannot be resolved
+   */
+  public Schema resolve(Schema schema) {
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+
+    // As all (named) schemas are resolved now, we know:
+    // — All named types are either in oldSchemas or unknown.
+    // — All unnamed types can be visited&resolved without validation.
+
+    if (NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES.contains(schema.getType()) && schema.getFullName() != null) {
+      return requireNonNull(oldSchemas.get(schema.getFullName()), () -> "Unknown schema: " + schema.getFullName());
+    } else {
+      // Unnamed or anonymous schema
+      // (protocol message request parameters are anonymous records)
+      Schemas.visit(schema, resolvingVisitor); // This field is set, as ensureSchemasAreResolved(); was called.
+      return resolvingVisitor.getResolved(schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return all known types by their fullname. Warning: this returns all types,
+   * even uncommitted ones, including unresolved references!
+   *
+   * @return a map of all types by their name
+   */
+  public Map<String, Schema> typesByName() {
+    LinkedHashMap<String, Schema> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    result.putAll(oldSchemas);
+    result.putAll(newSchemas);
+    return result;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Protocol.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Protocol.java
index 6987d4c8f54..905f2778c6b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Protocol.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Protocol.java
@@ -19,28 +19,28 @@
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field.Order;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field.Order;
 
 /**
  * A set of messages forming an application protocol.
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ public class Protocol extends JsonProperties {
 
   /** A protocol message. */
   public class Message extends JsonProperties {
-    private String name;
-    private String doc;
-    private Schema request;
+    private final String name;
+    private final String doc;
+    private final Schema request;
 
     /** Construct a message. */
     private Message(String name, String doc, JsonProperties propMap, Schema request) {
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public String toString() {
       try {
         StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
         JsonGenerator gen = Schema.FACTORY.createGenerator(writer);
-        toJson(gen);
+        toJson(new HashSet<>(), gen);
         gen.flush();
         return writer.toString();
       } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -140,19 +140,19 @@ public String toString() {
       }
     }
 
-    void toJson(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStartObject();
       if (doc != null)
         gen.writeStringField("doc", doc);
       writeProps(gen); // write out properties
       gen.writeFieldName("request");
-      request.fieldsToJson(types, gen);
+      request.fieldsToJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
 
-      toJson1(gen);
+      toJson1(knownNames, gen);
       gen.writeEndObject();
     }
 
-    void toJson1(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    void toJson1(Set<String> knownNames, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStringField("response", "null");
       gen.writeBooleanField("one-way", true);
     }
@@ -175,12 +175,11 @@ public int hashCode() {
     public String getDoc() {
       return doc;
     }
-
   }
 
-  private class TwoWayMessage extends Message {
-    private Schema response;
-    private Schema errors;
+  private final class TwoWayMessage extends Message {
+    private final Schema response;
+    private final Schema errors;
 
     /** Construct a message. */
     private TwoWayMessage(String name, String doc, Map<String, ?> propMap, Schema request, Schema response,
@@ -228,15 +227,15 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson1(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    void toJson1(Set<String> knownNames, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeFieldName("response");
-      response.toJson(types, gen);
+      response.toJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
 
       List<Schema> errs = errors.getTypes(); // elide system error
       if (errs.size() > 1) {
         Schema union = Schema.createUnion(errs.subList(1, errs.size()));
         gen.writeFieldName("errors");
-        union.toJson(types, gen);
+        union.toJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
       }
     }
 
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ void toJson1(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
   private String namespace;
   private String doc;
 
-  private Schema.Names types = new Schema.Names();
+  private ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
   private final Map<String, Message> messages = new LinkedHashMap<>();
   private byte[] md5;
 
@@ -268,6 +267,7 @@ private Protocol() {
    * {@code doc}, and {@code namespace} as {code p} has. It also copies all the
    * {@code props}.
    */
+  @SuppressWarnings("CopyConstructorMissesField")
   public Protocol(Protocol p) {
     this(p.getName(), p.getDoc(), p.getNamespace());
     putAll(p);
@@ -275,15 +275,28 @@ public Protocol(Protocol p) {
 
   public Protocol(String name, String doc, String namespace) {
     super(PROTOCOL_RESERVED);
-    this.name = name;
+    setName(name, namespace);
     this.doc = doc;
-    this.namespace = namespace;
   }
 
   public Protocol(String name, String namespace) {
     this(name, null, namespace);
   }
 
+  private void setName(String name, String namespace) {
+    int lastDot = name.lastIndexOf('.');
+    if (lastDot < 0) {
+      this.name = name;
+      this.namespace = namespace;
+    } else {
+      this.name = name.substring(lastDot + 1);
+      this.namespace = name.substring(0, lastDot);
+    }
+    if (this.namespace != null && this.namespace.isEmpty()) {
+      this.namespace = null;
+    }
+  }
+
   /** The name of this protocol. */
   public String getName() {
     return name;
@@ -301,19 +314,30 @@ public String getDoc() {
 
   /** The types of this protocol. */
   public Collection<Schema> getTypes() {
-    return types.values();
+    return context.resolveAllSchemas();
+  }
+
+  /** @deprecated can return invalid schemata: do NOT use! */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Collection<Schema> getUnresolvedTypes() {
+    return context.typesByName().values();
   }
 
   /** Returns the named type. */
   public Schema getType(String name) {
-    return types.get(name);
+    Schema namedSchema = null;
+    if (!name.contains(".")) {
+      namedSchema = context.getNamedSchema(namespace + "." + name);
+    }
+    return namedSchema != null ? namedSchema : context.getNamedSchema(name);
   }
 
   /** Set the types of this protocol. */
   public void setTypes(Collection<Schema> newTypes) {
-    types = new Schema.Names();
+    context = new ParseContext();
     for (Schema s : newTypes)
-      types.add(s);
+      context.put(s);
+    context.commit();
   }
 
   /** The messages of this protocol. */
@@ -332,16 +356,16 @@ public Message createMessage(String name, String doc, Schema request) {
    * {@code props} of {@code m}.
    */
   public Message createMessage(Message m, Schema request) {
-    return new Message(name, doc, m, request);
+    return new Message(m.name, m.doc, m, request);
   }
 
   /** Create a one-way message. */
-  public <T> Message createMessage(String name, String doc, JsonProperties propMap, Schema request) {
+  public Message createMessage(String name, String doc, JsonProperties propMap, Schema request) {
     return new Message(name, doc, propMap, request);
   }
 
   /** Create a one-way message. */
-  public <T> Message createMessage(String name, String doc, Map<String, ?> propMap, Schema request) {
+  public Message createMessage(String name, String doc, Map<String, ?> propMap, Schema request) {
     return new Message(name, doc, propMap, request);
   }
 
@@ -360,13 +384,13 @@ public Message createMessage(Message m, Schema request, Schema response, Schema
   }
 
   /** Create a two-way message. */
-  public <T> Message createMessage(String name, String doc, JsonProperties propMap, Schema request, Schema response,
+  public Message createMessage(String name, String doc, JsonProperties propMap, Schema request, Schema response,
       Schema errors) {
     return new TwoWayMessage(name, doc, propMap, request, response, errors);
   }
 
   /** Create a two-way message. */
-  public <T> Message createMessage(String name, String doc, Map<String, ?> propMap, Schema request, Schema response,
+  public Message createMessage(String name, String doc, Map<String, ?> propMap, Schema request, Schema response,
       Schema errors) {
     return new TwoWayMessage(name, doc, propMap, request, response, errors);
   }
@@ -378,13 +402,14 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
     if (!(o instanceof Protocol))
       return false;
     Protocol that = (Protocol) o;
-    return this.name.equals(that.name) && this.namespace.equals(that.namespace) && this.types.equals(that.types)
-        && this.messages.equals(that.messages) && this.propsEqual(that);
+    return Objects.equals(this.name, that.name) && Objects.equals(this.namespace, that.namespace)
+        && Objects.equals(this.context.resolveAllSchemas(), that.context.resolveAllSchemas())
+        && Objects.equals(this.messages, that.messages) && this.propsEqual(that);
   }
 
   @Override
   public int hashCode() {
-    return name.hashCode() + namespace.hashCode() + types.hashCode() + messages.hashCode() + propsHashCode();
+    return 31 * Objects.hash(name, namespace, context, messages) + propsHashCode();
   }
 
   /** Render this as <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a>. */
@@ -413,26 +438,26 @@ public String toString(boolean pretty) {
   }
 
   void toJson(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-    types.space(namespace);
-
     gen.writeStartObject();
     gen.writeStringField("protocol", name);
-    gen.writeStringField("namespace", namespace);
+    if (namespace != null) {
+      gen.writeStringField("namespace", namespace);
+    }
 
     if (doc != null)
       gen.writeStringField("doc", doc);
     writeProps(gen);
     gen.writeArrayFieldStart("types");
-    Schema.Names resolved = new Schema.Names(namespace);
-    for (Schema type : types.values())
-      if (!resolved.contains(type))
-        type.toJson(resolved, gen);
+    Set<String> knownNames = new HashSet<>();
+    for (Schema type : context.resolveAllSchemas())
+      if (!knownNames.contains(type.getFullName()))
+        type.toJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
     gen.writeEndArray();
 
     gen.writeObjectFieldStart("messages");
     for (Map.Entry<String, Message> e : messages.entrySet()) {
       gen.writeFieldName(e.getKey());
-      e.getValue().toJson(gen);
+      e.getValue().toJson(knownNames, gen);
     }
     gen.writeEndObject();
     gen.writeEndObject();
@@ -451,7 +476,9 @@ public byte[] getMD5() {
 
   /** Read a protocol from a Json file. */
   public static Protocol parse(File file) throws IOException {
-    return parse(Schema.FACTORY.createParser(file));
+    try (JsonParser jsonParser = Schema.FACTORY.createParser(file)) {
+      return parse(jsonParser);
+    }
   }
 
   /** Read a protocol from a Json stream. */
@@ -487,20 +514,43 @@ private static Protocol parse(JsonParser parser) {
   }
 
   private void parse(JsonNode json) {
-    parseNamespace(json);
-    parseName(json);
+    parseNameAndNamespace(json);
     parseTypes(json);
     parseMessages(json);
     parseDoc(json);
     parseProps(json);
+
+    context.commit();
+    context.resolveAllSchemas();
+    resolveMessageSchemata();
+  }
+
+  private void resolveMessageSchemata() {
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Message> entry : messages.entrySet()) {
+      Message oldValue = entry.getValue();
+      Message newValue;
+      if (oldValue.isOneWay()) {
+        newValue = createMessage(oldValue.getName(), oldValue.getDoc(), oldValue,
+            context.resolve(oldValue.getRequest()));
+      } else {
+        Schema request = context.resolve(oldValue.getRequest());
+        Schema response = context.resolve(oldValue.getResponse());
+        Schema errors = context.resolve(oldValue.getErrors());
+        newValue = createMessage(oldValue.getName(), oldValue.getDoc(), oldValue, request, response, errors);
+      }
+      entry.setValue(newValue);
+    }
   }
 
-  private void parseNamespace(JsonNode json) {
-    JsonNode nameNode = json.get("namespace");
-    if (nameNode == null)
-      return; // no namespace defined
-    this.namespace = nameNode.textValue();
-    types.space(this.namespace);
+  private void parseNameAndNamespace(JsonNode json) {
+    JsonNode nameNode = json.get("protocol");
+    if (nameNode == null) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException("No protocol name specified: " + json);
+    }
+    JsonNode namespaceNode = json.get("namespace");
+    String namespace = namespaceNode == null ? null : namespaceNode.textValue();
+
+    setName(nameNode.textValue(), namespace);
   }
 
   private void parseDoc(JsonNode json) {
@@ -514,23 +564,17 @@ private String parseDocNode(JsonNode json) {
     return nameNode.textValue();
   }
 
-  private void parseName(JsonNode json) {
-    JsonNode nameNode = json.get("protocol");
-    if (nameNode == null)
-      throw new SchemaParseException("No protocol name specified: " + json);
-    this.name = nameNode.textValue();
-  }
-
   private void parseTypes(JsonNode json) {
     JsonNode defs = json.get("types");
     if (defs == null)
       return; // no types defined
     if (!defs.isArray())
       throw new SchemaParseException("Types not an array: " + defs);
+
     for (JsonNode type : defs) {
       if (!type.isObject())
         throw new SchemaParseException("Type not an object: " + type);
-      Schema.parse(type, types);
+      Schema.parse(type, context, namespace);
     }
   }
 
@@ -578,8 +622,8 @@ private Message parseMessage(String messageName, JsonNode json) {
       JsonNode fieldDocNode = field.get("doc");
       if (fieldDocNode != null)
         fieldDoc = fieldDocNode.textValue();
-      Field newField = new Field(name, Schema.parse(fieldTypeNode, types), fieldDoc, field.get("default"), true,
-          Order.ASCENDING);
+      Field newField = new Field(name, Schema.parse(fieldTypeNode, context, namespace), fieldDoc, field.get("default"),
+          true, Order.ASCENDING);
       Set<String> aliases = Schema.parseAliases(field);
       if (aliases != null) { // add aliases
         for (String alias : aliases)
@@ -594,7 +638,7 @@ private Message parseMessage(String messageName, JsonNode json) {
       }
       fields.add(newField);
     }
-    Schema request = Schema.createRecord(fields);
+    Schema request = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, fields);
 
     boolean oneWay = false;
     JsonNode oneWayNode = json.get("one-way");
@@ -613,12 +657,12 @@ private Message parseMessage(String messageName, JsonNode json) {
     if (oneWay) {
       if (decls != null)
         throw new SchemaParseException("one-way can't have errors: " + json);
-      if (responseNode != null && Schema.parse(responseNode, types).getType() != Schema.Type.NULL)
+      if (responseNode != null && Schema.parse(responseNode, context, namespace).getType() != Schema.Type.NULL)
         throw new SchemaParseException("One way response must be null: " + json);
       return new Message(messageName, doc, mProps, request);
     }
 
-    Schema response = Schema.parse(responseNode, types);
+    Schema response = Schema.parse(responseNode, context, namespace);
 
     List<Schema> errs = new ArrayList<>();
     errs.add(SYSTEM_ERROR); // every method can throw
@@ -627,7 +671,7 @@ private Message parseMessage(String messageName, JsonNode json) {
         throw new SchemaParseException("Errors not an array: " + json);
       for (JsonNode decl : decls) {
         String name = decl.textValue();
-        Schema schema = this.types.get(name);
+        Schema schema = this.context.find(name, namespace);
         if (schema == null)
           throw new SchemaParseException("Undefined error: " + name);
         if (!schema.isError())
@@ -642,5 +686,4 @@ private Message parseMessage(String messageName, JsonNode json) {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     System.out.println(Protocol.parse(new File(args[0])));
   }
-
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Resolver.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Resolver.java
index 182a91bdff6..117c9e3911f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Resolver.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Resolver.java
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private static Action resolve(Schema w, Schema r, GenericData d, Map<SeenPair, A
         return new DoNothing(w, r, d);
 
       case FIXED:
-        if (w.getFullName() != null && !w.getFullName().equals(r.getFullName())) {
+        if (w.getName() != null && !w.getName().equals(r.getName())) {
           return new ErrorAction(w, r, d, ErrorType.NAMES_DONT_MATCH);
         } else if (w.getFixedSize() != r.getFixedSize()) {
           return new ErrorAction(w, r, d, ErrorType.SIZES_DONT_MATCH);
@@ -286,16 +286,10 @@ public static boolean isValid(Schema w, Schema r) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only use when reader and writer are different.");
       Schema.Type wt = w.getType();
       switch (r.getType()) {
-      case INT:
-        switch (wt) {
-        case INT:
-          return true;
-        }
-        break;
+
       case LONG:
         switch (wt) {
         case INT:
-        case LONG:
           return true;
         }
         break;
@@ -303,7 +297,6 @@ public static boolean isValid(Schema w, Schema r) {
         switch (wt) {
         case INT:
         case LONG:
-        case FLOAT:
           return true;
         }
         break;
@@ -312,7 +305,6 @@ public static boolean isValid(Schema w, Schema r) {
         case INT:
         case LONG:
         case FLOAT:
-        case DOUBLE:
           return true;
         }
         break;
@@ -388,7 +380,7 @@ private EnumAdjust(Schema w, Schema r, GenericData d, int[] adj, Object[] values
      * appropriate {@link EnumAdjust} is.
      */
     public static Action resolve(Schema w, Schema r, GenericData d) {
-      if (w.getFullName() != null && !w.getFullName().equals(r.getFullName()))
+      if (w.getName() != null && !w.getName().equals(r.getName()))
         return new ErrorAction(w, r, d, ErrorType.NAMES_DONT_MATCH);
 
       final List<String> wsymbols = w.getEnumSymbols();
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Schema.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Schema.java
index 76ee2ee3be5..2f0711ed401 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Schema.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/Schema.java
@@ -25,12 +25,21 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DoubleNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingAvroTypeException;
+import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
+import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor.FieldAccessor;
+import org.apache.avro.util.internal.JacksonUtils;
+import org.apache.avro.util.internal.ThreadLocalWithInitial;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -38,7 +47,6 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -46,12 +54,7 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
-import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
-import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor.FieldAccessor;
-import org.apache.avro.util.internal.JacksonUtils;
-import org.apache.avro.util.internal.ThreadLocalWithInitial;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static org.apache.avro.LogicalType.LOGICAL_TYPE_PROP;
 
@@ -76,9 +79,9 @@
  * <li><i>null</i>.
  * </ul>
  *
- * A schema can be constructed using one of its static <tt>createXXX</tt>
- * methods, or more conveniently using {@link SchemaBuilder}. The schema objects
- * are <i>logically</i> immutable. There are only two mutating methods -
+ * Construct a schema using one of its static <tt>createXXX</tt> methods, or
+ * more conveniently using {@link SchemaBuilder}. The schema objects are
+ * <i>logically</i> immutable. There are only two mutating methods -
  * {@link #setFields(List)} and {@link #addProp(String, String)}. The following
  * restrictions apply on these two methods.
  * <ul>
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@
  * property.
  * </ul>
  */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 public abstract class Schema extends JsonProperties implements Serializable {
 
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@@ -121,20 +125,20 @@ private Object readResolve() {
     FACTORY.setCodec(MAPPER);
   }
 
-  /** The type of a schema. */
+  /** The type of schema. */
   public enum Type {
     RECORD, ENUM, ARRAY, MAP, UNION, FIXED, STRING, BYTES, INT, LONG, FLOAT, DOUBLE, BOOLEAN, NULL;
 
     private final String name;
 
-    private Type() {
+    Type() {
       this.name = this.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
     }
 
     public String getName() {
       return name;
     }
-  };
+  }
 
   private final Type type;
   private LogicalType logicalType = null;
@@ -202,9 +206,9 @@ void setLogicalType(LogicalType logicalType) {
    * Create an anonymous record schema.
    *
    * @deprecated This method allows to create Schema objects that cannot be parsed
-   *             by {@link Schema.Parser#parse(String)}. It will be removed in a
-   *             future version of Avro. Better use
-   *             i{@link #createRecord(String, String, String, boolean, List)} to
+   *             by {@link SchemaParser#parse(CharSequence)}. It will be removed
+   *             in a future version of Avro. Better use
+   *             {@link #createRecord(String, String, String, boolean, List)} to
    *             produce a fully qualified Schema.
    */
   @Deprecated
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ public Type getType() {
    * <tt>fieldName</tt>. If there is no field by that name, a <tt>null</tt> is
    * returned.
    */
-  public Field getField(String fieldname) {
+  public Field getField(String fieldName) {
     throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a record: " + this);
   }
 
@@ -281,6 +285,13 @@ public List<Field> getFields() {
     throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a record: " + this);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * If this is a record, returns whether the fields have been set.
+   */
+  public boolean hasFields() {
+    throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a record: " + this);
+  }
+
   /**
    * If this is a record, set its fields. The fields can be set only once in a
    * schema.
@@ -383,7 +394,16 @@ public int getFixedSize() {
     throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not fixed: " + this);
   }
 
-  /** Render this as <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a>. */
+  /**
+   * <p>
+   * Render this as <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a>.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * This method is equivalent to:
+   * {@code SchemaFormatter.getInstance("json").format(this)}
+   * </p>
+   */
   @Override
   public String toString() {
     return toString(false);
@@ -393,9 +413,12 @@ public String toString() {
    * Render this as <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a>.
    *
    * @param pretty if true, pretty-print JSON.
+   * @deprecated Use {@link SchemaFormatter#format(Schema)} instead, using the
+   *             format {@code json/pretty} or {@code json/inline}
    */
+  @Deprecated
   public String toString(boolean pretty) {
-    return toString(new Names(), pretty);
+    return toString(new HashSet<String>(), pretty);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -408,22 +431,23 @@ public String toString(boolean pretty) {
   // Use at your own risk. This method should be removed with AVRO-2832.
   @Deprecated
   public String toString(Collection<Schema> referencedSchemas, boolean pretty) {
-    Schema.Names names = new Schema.Names();
+    Set<String> knownNames = new HashSet<>();
     if (referencedSchemas != null) {
       for (Schema s : referencedSchemas) {
-        names.add(s);
+        knownNames.add(s.getFullName());
       }
     }
-    return toString(names, pretty);
+    return toString(knownNames, pretty);
   }
 
-  String toString(Names names, boolean pretty) {
+  @Deprecated
+  String toString(Set<String> knownNames, boolean pretty) {
     try {
       StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
       JsonGenerator gen = FACTORY.createGenerator(writer);
       if (pretty)
         gen.useDefaultPrettyPrinter();
-      toJson(names, gen);
+      toJson(knownNames, null, gen);
       gen.flush();
       return writer.toString();
     } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -431,7 +455,8 @@ String toString(Names names, boolean pretty) {
     }
   }
 
-  void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+  @Deprecated
+  void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String namespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
     if (!hasProps()) { // no props defined
       gen.writeString(getName()); // just write name
     } else {
@@ -442,7 +467,8 @@ void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  void fieldsToJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+  @Deprecated
+  void fieldsToJson(Set<String> knownNames, String namespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
     throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a record: " + this);
   }
 
@@ -476,12 +502,12 @@ final boolean equalCachedHash(Schema other) {
   private static final Set<String> FIELD_RESERVED = Collections
       .unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("default", "doc", "name", "order", "type", "aliases")));
 
-  /** Returns true if this record is an union type. */
+  /** Returns true if this record is a union type. */
   public boolean isUnion() {
     return this instanceof UnionSchema;
   }
 
-  /** Returns true if this record is an union type containing null. */
+  /** Returns true if this record is a union type containing null. */
   public boolean isNullable() {
     if (!isUnion()) {
       return getType().equals(Schema.Type.NULL);
@@ -525,10 +551,10 @@ public enum Order {
 
       private final String name;
 
-      private Order() {
+      Order() {
         this.name = this.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
       }
-    };
+    }
 
     /**
      * For Schema unions with a "null" type as the first entry, this can be used to
@@ -547,7 +573,7 @@ private Order() {
     Field(String name, Schema schema, String doc, JsonNode defaultValue, boolean validateDefault, Order order) {
       super(FIELD_RESERVED);
       this.name = validateName(name);
-      this.schema = schema;
+      this.schema = Objects.requireNonNull(schema, "schema is required and cannot be null");
       this.doc = doc;
       this.defaultValue = validateDefault ? validateDefault(name, schema, defaultValue) : defaultValue;
       this.order = Objects.requireNonNull(order, "Order cannot be null");
@@ -570,14 +596,14 @@ public Field(Field field, Schema schema) {
      *
      */
     public Field(String name, Schema schema) {
-      this(name, schema, (String) null, (JsonNode) null, true, Order.ASCENDING);
+      this(name, schema, null, null, true, Order.ASCENDING);
     }
 
     /**
      *
      */
     public Field(String name, Schema schema, String doc) {
-      this(name, schema, doc, (JsonNode) null, true, Order.ASCENDING);
+      this(name, schema, doc, null, true, Order.ASCENDING);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -602,7 +628,7 @@ public Field(String name, Schema schema, String doc, Object defaultValue, Order
 
     public String name() {
       return name;
-    };
+    }
 
     /** The position of this field within the record. */
     public int pos() {
@@ -704,7 +730,7 @@ public Name(String name, String space) {
         this.name = validateName(name);
       } else { // qualified name
         space = name.substring(0, lastDot); // get space from name
-        this.name = validateName(name.substring(lastDot + 1, name.length()));
+        this.name = validateName(name.substring(lastDot + 1));
       }
       if ("".equals(space))
         space = null;
@@ -732,20 +758,44 @@ public String toString() {
       return full;
     }
 
-    public void writeName(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    public void writeName(String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       if (name != null)
         gen.writeStringField("name", name);
       if (space != null) {
-        if (!space.equals(names.space()))
+        if (!space.equals(currentNamespace))
           gen.writeStringField("namespace", space);
-      } else if (names.space() != null) { // null within non-null
+      } else if (currentNamespace != null) { // null within non-null
         gen.writeStringField("namespace", "");
       }
     }
 
     public String getQualified(String defaultSpace) {
-      return (space == null || space.equals(defaultSpace)) ? name : full;
+      return this.shouldWriteFull(defaultSpace) ? full : name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if full name must be written. There are 2 cases for true :
+     * {@code defaultSpace} != from {@code this.space} or name is already a
+     * {@code Schema.Type} (int, array, ...)
+     *
+     * @param defaultSpace : default name space.
+     * @return true if full name must be written.
+     */
+    private boolean shouldWriteFull(String defaultSpace) {
+      if (space != null && space.equals(defaultSpace)) {
+        for (Type schemaType : Type.values()) {
+          if (schemaType.name.equals(name)) {
+            // name is a 'Type', so namespace must be written
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        // this.space == defaultSpace
+        return false;
+      }
+      // this.space != defaultSpace, so namespace must be written.
+      return true;
     }
+
   }
 
   private static abstract class NamedSchema extends Schema {
@@ -801,22 +851,25 @@ public Set<String> getAliases() {
       Set<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
       if (aliases != null)
         for (Name alias : aliases)
-          result.add(alias.full);
+          if (alias.space == null && name.space != null)
+            result.add("." + alias.name);
+          else
+            result.add(alias.full);
       return result;
     }
 
-    public boolean writeNameRef(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      if (this.equals(names.get(name))) {
-        gen.writeString(name.getQualified(names.space()));
-        return true;
-      } else if (name.name != null) {
-        names.put(name, this);
+    public boolean writeNameRef(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+      if (name.name != null) {
+        if (!knownNames.add(name.full)) {
+          gen.writeString(name.getQualified(currentNamespace));
+          return true;
+        }
       }
       return false;
     }
 
-    public void writeName(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      name.writeName(names, gen);
+    public void writeName(String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+      name.writeName(currentNamespace, gen);
     }
 
     public boolean equalNames(NamedSchema that) {
@@ -829,7 +882,7 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     public void aliasesToJson(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      if (aliases == null || aliases.size() == 0)
+      if (aliases == null || aliases.isEmpty())
         return;
       gen.writeFieldName("aliases");
       gen.writeStartArray();
@@ -845,8 +898,8 @@ public void aliasesToJson(JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
    * and need to watch for recursion.
    */
   public static class SeenPair {
-    private Object s1;
-    private Object s2;
+    private final Object s1;
+    private final Object s2;
 
     public SeenPair(Object s1, Object s2) {
       this.s1 = s1;
@@ -865,10 +918,9 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
   }
 
-  private static final ThreadLocal<Set> SEEN_EQUALS = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(HashSet::new);
-  private static final ThreadLocal<Map> SEEN_HASHCODE = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(IdentityHashMap::new);
+  private static final ThreadLocal<Set<SeenPair>> SEEN_EQUALS = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(HashSet::new);
+  private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Schema, Schema>> SEEN_HASHCODE = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(IdentityHashMap::new);
 
-  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
   private static class RecordSchema extends NamedSchema {
     private List<Field> fields;
     private Map<String, Field> fieldMap;
@@ -891,10 +943,10 @@ public boolean isError() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Field getField(String fieldname) {
+    public Field getField(String fieldName) {
       if (fieldMap == null)
         throw new AvroRuntimeException("Schema fields not set yet");
-      return fieldMap.get(fieldname);
+      return fieldMap.get(fieldName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -904,6 +956,11 @@ public List<Field> getFields() {
       return fields;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasFields() {
+      return fields != null;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setFields(List<Field> fields) {
       if (this.fields != null) {
@@ -941,7 +998,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
         return false;
       if (!propsEqual(that))
         return false;
-      Set seen = SEEN_EQUALS.get();
+      Set<Schema.SeenPair> seen = SEEN_EQUALS.get();
       SeenPair here = new SeenPair(this, o);
       if (seen.contains(here))
         return true; // prevent stack overflow
@@ -957,7 +1014,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
 
     @Override
     int computeHash() {
-      Map seen = SEEN_HASHCODE.get();
+      Map<Schema, Schema> seen = SEEN_HASHCODE.get();
       if (seen.containsKey(this))
         return 0; // prevent stack overflow
       boolean first = seen.isEmpty();
@@ -971,36 +1028,36 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      if (writeNameRef(names, gen))
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+      if (writeNameRef(knownNames, currentNamespace, gen))
         return;
-      String savedSpace = names.space; // save namespace
       gen.writeStartObject();
       gen.writeStringField("type", isError ? "error" : "record");
-      writeName(names, gen);
-      names.space = name.space; // set default namespace
-      if (getDoc() != null)
-        gen.writeStringField("doc", getDoc());
+      writeName(currentNamespace, gen);
+      if (this.getDoc() != null) {
+        gen.writeStringField("doc", this.getDoc());
+      }
 
       if (fields != null) {
         gen.writeFieldName("fields");
-        fieldsToJson(names, gen);
+        fieldsToJson(knownNames, name.space, gen);
       }
 
       writeProps(gen);
       aliasesToJson(gen);
       gen.writeEndObject();
-      names.space = savedSpace; // restore namespace
     }
 
     @Override
-    void fieldsToJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    @Deprecated
+    void fieldsToJson(Set<String> knownNames, String namespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStartArray();
       for (Field f : fields) {
         gen.writeStartObject();
         gen.writeStringField("name", f.name());
         gen.writeFieldName("type");
-        f.schema().toJson(names, gen);
+        f.schema().toJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
         if (f.doc() != null)
           gen.writeStringField("doc", f.doc());
         if (f.hasDefaultValue()) {
@@ -1009,7 +1066,7 @@ void fieldsToJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
         }
         if (f.order() != Field.Order.ASCENDING)
           gen.writeStringField("order", f.order().name);
-        if (f.aliases != null && f.aliases.size() != 0) {
+        if (f.aliases != null && !f.aliases.isEmpty()) {
           gen.writeFieldName("aliases");
           gen.writeStartArray();
           for (String alias : f.aliases)
@@ -1057,7 +1114,12 @@ public boolean hasEnumSymbol(String symbol) {
 
     @Override
     public int getEnumOrdinal(String symbol) {
-      return ordinals.get(symbol);
+      Integer ordinal = ordinals.get(symbol);
+      if (ordinal == null) {
+        throw new TracingAvroTypeException(
+            new AvroTypeException("enum value '" + symbol + "' is not in the enum symbol set: " + symbols));
+      }
+      return ordinal;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -1081,12 +1143,13 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      if (writeNameRef(names, gen))
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+      if (writeNameRef(knownNames, currentNamespace, gen))
         return;
       gen.writeStartObject();
       gen.writeStringField("type", "enum");
-      writeName(names, gen);
+      writeName(currentNamespace, gen);
       if (getDoc() != null)
         gen.writeStringField("doc", getDoc());
       gen.writeArrayFieldStart("symbols");
@@ -1130,11 +1193,12 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String namespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStartObject();
       gen.writeStringField("type", "array");
       gen.writeFieldName("items");
-      elementType.toJson(names, gen);
+      elementType.toJson(knownNames, namespace, gen);
       writeProps(gen);
       gen.writeEndObject();
     }
@@ -1169,11 +1233,12 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStartObject();
       gen.writeStringField("type", "map");
       gen.writeFieldName("values");
-      valueType.toJson(names, gen);
+      valueType.toJson(knownNames, currentNamespace, gen);
       writeProps(gen);
       gen.writeEndObject();
     }
@@ -1202,6 +1267,16 @@ public UnionSchema(LockableArrayList<Schema> types) {
       }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checks if a JSON value matches the schema.
+     *
+     * @param jsonValue a value to check against the schema
+     * @return true if the value is valid according to this schema
+     */
+    public boolean isValidDefault(JsonNode jsonValue) {
+      return this.types.stream().anyMatch((Schema s) -> s.isValidDefault(jsonValue));
+    }
+
     @Override
     public List<Schema> getTypes() {
       return types;
@@ -1236,12 +1311,19 @@ public void addProp(String name, String value) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
       gen.writeStartArray();
       for (Schema type : types)
-        type.toJson(names, gen);
+        type.toJson(knownNames, currentNamespace, gen);
       gen.writeEndArray();
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return super.getName()
+          + this.getTypes().stream().map(Schema::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"));
+    }
   }
 
   private static class FixedSchema extends NamedSchema {
@@ -1249,8 +1331,7 @@ private static class FixedSchema extends NamedSchema {
 
     public FixedSchema(Name name, String doc, int size) {
       super(Type.FIXED, name, doc);
-      if (size < 0)
-        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fixed size: " + size);
+      SystemLimitException.checkMaxBytesLength(size);
       this.size = size;
     }
 
@@ -1275,12 +1356,13 @@ int computeHash() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    void toJson(Names names, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
-      if (writeNameRef(names, gen))
+    @Deprecated
+    void toJson(Set<String> knownNames, String currentNamespace, JsonGenerator gen) throws IOException {
+      if (writeNameRef(knownNames, currentNamespace, gen))
         return;
       gen.writeStartObject();
       gen.writeStringField("type", "fixed");
-      writeName(names, gen);
+      writeName(currentNamespace, gen);
       if (getDoc() != null)
         gen.writeStringField("doc", getDoc());
       gen.writeNumberField("size", size);
@@ -1344,37 +1426,48 @@ public NullSchema() {
    * may refer to it by name.
    */
   public static class Parser {
-    private Names names = new Names();
-    private boolean validate = true;
+    final ParseContext context;
+    private final NameValidator validate;
     private boolean validateDefaults = true;
 
+    public Parser() {
+      this(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
+    }
+
+    public Parser(final NameValidator validate) {
+      this.validate = validate != null ? validate : NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION;
+      context = new ParseContext(this.validate);
+    }
+
+    public Parser(final ParseContext context) {
+      this.validate = context.nameValidator;
+      this.context = context;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Adds the provided types to the set of defined, named types known to this
      * parser.
+     *
+     * @deprecated use addTypes(Iterable<Schema> types)
      */
+    @Deprecated
     public Parser addTypes(Map<String, Schema> types) {
-      for (Schema s : types.values())
-        names.add(s);
-      return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns the set of defined, named types known to this parser. */
-    public Map<String, Schema> getTypes() {
-      Map<String, Schema> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-      for (Schema s : names.values())
-        result.put(s.getFullName(), s);
-      return result;
+      return this.addTypes(types.values());
     }
 
-    /** Enable or disable name validation. */
-    public Parser setValidate(boolean validate) {
-      this.validate = validate;
+    /**
+     * Adds the provided types to the set of defined, named types known to this
+     * parser.
+     */
+    public Parser addTypes(Iterable<Schema> types) {
+      for (Schema s : types)
+        context.put(s);
       return this;
     }
 
-    /** True iff names are validated. True by default. */
-    public boolean getValidate() {
-      return this.validate;
+    /** Returns the set of defined, named types known to this parser. */
+    public Map<String, Schema> getTypes() {
+      return context.typesByName();
     }
 
     /** Enable or disable default value validation. */
@@ -1393,7 +1486,7 @@ public boolean getValidateDefaults() {
      * names known to this parser.
      */
     public Schema parse(File file) throws IOException {
-      return parse(FACTORY.createParser(file));
+      return parse(FACTORY.createParser(file), false, true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1401,7 +1494,8 @@ public Schema parse(File file) throws IOException {
      * names known to this parser. The input stream stays open after the parsing.
      */
     public Schema parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
-      return parse(FACTORY.createParser(in).disable(JsonParser.Feature.AUTO_CLOSE_SOURCE));
+      JsonParser parser = FACTORY.createParser(in).disable(JsonParser.Feature.AUTO_CLOSE_SOURCE);
+      return parse(parser, true, true);
     }
 
     /** Read a schema from one or more json strings */
@@ -1418,24 +1512,55 @@ public Schema parse(String s, String... more) {
      */
     public Schema parse(String s) {
       try {
-        return parse(FACTORY.createParser(s));
+        return parse(FACTORY.createParser(s), false, true);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public Schema parseInternal(String s) {
+      try {
+        return parse(FACTORY.createParser(s), false, false);
       } catch (IOException e) {
         throw new SchemaParseException(e);
       }
     }
 
-    private Schema parse(JsonParser parser) throws IOException {
-      boolean saved = validateNames.get();
+    private Schema parse(JsonParser parser, boolean allowDanglingContent, boolean resolveSchema) throws IOException {
+      NameValidator saved = VALIDATE_NAMES.get();
       boolean savedValidateDefaults = VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.get();
       try {
-        validateNames.set(validate);
+        // This ensured we're using the same validation as the ParseContext.
+        // This is most relevant for field names.
+        VALIDATE_NAMES.set(validate);
         VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.set(validateDefaults);
-        return Schema.parse(MAPPER.readTree(parser), names);
+        JsonNode jsonNode = MAPPER.readTree(parser);
+        Schema schema = Schema.parse(jsonNode, context, null);
+        if (resolveSchema) {
+          context.commit();
+          schema = context.resolve(schema);
+        }
+        if (!allowDanglingContent) {
+          String dangling;
+          StringWriter danglingWriter = new StringWriter();
+          int numCharsReleased = parser.releaseBuffered(danglingWriter);
+          if (numCharsReleased == -1) {
+            ByteArrayOutputStream danglingOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            parser.releaseBuffered(danglingOutputStream); // if input isn't chars above it must be bytes
+            dangling = new String(danglingOutputStream.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).trim();
+          } else {
+            dangling = danglingWriter.toString().trim();
+          }
+          if (!dangling.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new SchemaParseException("dangling content after end of schema: " + dangling);
+          }
+        }
+        return schema;
       } catch (JsonParseException e) {
         throw new SchemaParseException(e);
       } finally {
         parser.close();
-        validateNames.set(saved);
+        VALIDATE_NAMES.set(saved);
         VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.set(savedValidateDefaults);
       }
     }
@@ -1447,9 +1572,9 @@ private Schema parse(JsonParser parser) throws IOException {
    *
    * @param file The file to read the schema from.
    * @return The freshly built Schema.
-   * @throws IOException if there was trouble reading the contents or they are
+   * @throws IOException if there was trouble reading the contents, or they are
    *                     invalid
-   * @deprecated use {@link Schema.Parser} instead.
+   * @deprecated use {@link SchemaParser} instead.
    */
   @Deprecated
   public static Schema parse(File file) throws IOException {
@@ -1462,9 +1587,9 @@ public static Schema parse(File file) throws IOException {
    *
    * @param in The input stream to read the schema from.
    * @return The freshly built Schema.
-   * @throws IOException if there was trouble reading the contents or they are
+   * @throws IOException if there was trouble reading the contents, or they are
    *                     invalid
-   * @deprecated use {@link Schema.Parser} instead.
+   * @deprecated use {@link SchemaParser} instead.
    */
   @Deprecated
   public static Schema parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
@@ -1474,7 +1599,7 @@ public static Schema parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
   /**
    * Construct a schema from <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a> text.
    *
-   * @deprecated use {@link Schema.Parser} instead.
+   * @deprecated use {@link SchemaParser} instead.
    */
   @Deprecated
   public static Schema parse(String jsonSchema) {
@@ -1485,11 +1610,12 @@ public static Schema parse(String jsonSchema) {
    * Construct a schema from <a href="https://json.org/">JSON</a> text.
    *
    * @param validate true if names should be validated, false if not.
-   * @deprecated use {@link Schema.Parser} instead.
+   * @deprecated use {@link SchemaParser} instead.
    */
   @Deprecated
   public static Schema parse(String jsonSchema, boolean validate) {
-    return new Parser().setValidate(validate).parse(jsonSchema);
+    final NameValidator validator = validate ? NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR : NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION;
+    return new Parser(validator).parse(jsonSchema);
   }
 
   static final Map<String, Type> PRIMITIVES = new HashMap<>();
@@ -1546,43 +1672,81 @@ public void add(Schema schema) {
 
     @Override
     public Schema put(Name name, Schema schema) {
-      if (containsKey(name))
-        throw new SchemaParseException("Can't redefine: " + name);
+      if (containsKey(name)) {
+        final Schema other = super.get(name);
+        if (!Objects.equals(other, schema)) {
+          throw new SchemaParseException("Can't redefine: " + name);
+        } else {
+          return schema;
+        }
+      }
       return super.put(name, schema);
     }
   }
 
-  private static ThreadLocal<Boolean> validateNames = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(() -> true);
+  private static final ThreadLocal<NameValidator> VALIDATE_NAMES = ThreadLocalWithInitial
+      .of(() -> NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
 
   private static String validateName(String name) {
-    if (!validateNames.get())
-      return name; // not validating names
-    if (name == null)
-      throw new SchemaParseException("Null name");
-    int length = name.length();
-    if (length == 0)
-      throw new SchemaParseException("Empty name");
-    char first = name.charAt(0);
-    if (!(Character.isLetter(first) || first == '_'))
-      throw new SchemaParseException("Illegal initial character: " + name);
-    for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
-      char c = name.charAt(i);
-      if (!(Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) || c == '_'))
-        throw new SchemaParseException("Illegal character in: " + name);
+    NameValidator.Result result = VALIDATE_NAMES.get().validate(name);
+    if (!result.isOK()) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException(result.getErrors());
     }
     return name;
   }
 
+  /*
+   * @deprecated Scheduled for removal. Do Not Use!
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void setNameValidator(final NameValidator validator) {
+    Schema.VALIDATE_NAMES.set(validator);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * @deprecated Scheduled for removal. Do Not Use!
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static NameValidator getNameValidator() {
+    return Schema.VALIDATE_NAMES.get();
+  }
+
   private static final ThreadLocal<Boolean> VALIDATE_DEFAULTS = ThreadLocalWithInitial.of(() -> true);
 
   private static JsonNode validateDefault(String fieldName, Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
-    if (VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.get() && (defaultValue != null) && !isValidDefault(schema, defaultValue)) { // invalid default
+    if (VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.get() && (defaultValue != null) && !schema.isValidDefault(defaultValue)) { // invalid default
       String message = "Invalid default for field " + fieldName + ": " + defaultValue + " not a " + schema;
       throw new AvroTypeException(message); // throw exception
     }
     return defaultValue;
   }
 
+  /*
+   * @deprecated Scheduled for removal. Do Not Use!
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void setValidateDefaults(boolean validateDefaults) {
+    Schema.VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.set(validateDefaults);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * @deprecated Scheduled for removal. Do Not Use!
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static boolean getValidateDefaults() {
+    return Schema.VALIDATE_DEFAULTS.get();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a JSON value matches the schema.
+   *
+   * @param jsonValue a value to check against the schema
+   * @return true if the value is valid according to this schema
+   */
+  public boolean isValidDefault(JsonNode jsonValue) {
+    return isValidDefault(this, jsonValue);
+  }
+
   private static boolean isValidDefault(Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
     if (defaultValue == null)
       return false;
@@ -1617,13 +1781,13 @@ private static boolean isValidDefault(Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
         if (!isValidDefault(schema.getValueType(), value))
           return false;
       return true;
-    case UNION: // union default: first branch
-      return isValidDefault(schema.getTypes().get(0), defaultValue);
+    case UNION: // union default: any branch
+      return schema.getTypes().stream().anyMatch((Schema s) -> isValidValue(s, defaultValue));
     case RECORD:
       if (!defaultValue.isObject())
         return false;
       for (Field field : schema.getFields())
-        if (!isValidDefault(field.schema(),
+        if (!isValidValue(field.schema(),
             defaultValue.has(field.name()) ? defaultValue.get(field.name()) : field.defaultValue()))
           return false;
       return true;
@@ -1632,143 +1796,213 @@ private static boolean isValidDefault(Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Validate a value against the schema.
+   *
+   * @param schema : schema for value.
+   * @param value  : value to validate.
+   * @return true if ok.
+   */
+  private static boolean isValidValue(Schema schema, JsonNode value) {
+    if (value == null)
+      return false;
+    if (schema.isUnion()) {
+      // For Union, only need that one sub schema is ok.
+      for (Schema sub : schema.getTypes()) {
+        if (Schema.isValidDefault(sub, value)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      // for other types, same as validate default.
+      return Schema.isValidDefault(schema, value);
+    }
+  }
+
   /** @see #parse(String) */
-  static Schema parse(JsonNode schema, Names names) {
+  static Schema parse(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
     if (schema == null) {
       throw new SchemaParseException("Cannot parse <null> schema");
-    }
-    if (schema.isTextual()) { // name
-      Schema result = names.get(schema.textValue());
-      if (result == null)
-        throw new SchemaParseException("Undefined name: " + schema);
-      return result;
+    } else if (schema.isTextual()) { // name
+      return context.find(schema.textValue(), currentNameSpace);
     } else if (schema.isObject()) {
-      Schema result;
       String type = getRequiredText(schema, "type", "No type");
-      Name name = null;
-      String savedSpace = names.space();
-      String doc = null;
-      if (type.equals("record") || type.equals("error") || type.equals("enum") || type.equals("fixed")) {
-        String space = getOptionalText(schema, "namespace");
-        doc = getOptionalText(schema, "doc");
-        if (space == null)
-          space = names.space();
-        name = new Name(getRequiredText(schema, "name", "No name in schema"), space);
-        names.space(name.space); // set default namespace
-      }
+      final boolean isTypeError = "error".equals(type);
       if (PRIMITIVES.containsKey(type)) { // primitive
-        result = create(PRIMITIVES.get(type));
-      } else if (type.equals("record") || type.equals("error")) { // record
-        List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
-        result = new RecordSchema(name, doc, type.equals("error"));
-        if (name != null)
-          names.add(result);
-        JsonNode fieldsNode = schema.get("fields");
-        if (fieldsNode == null || !fieldsNode.isArray())
-          throw new SchemaParseException("Record has no fields: " + schema);
-        for (JsonNode field : fieldsNode) {
-          String fieldName = getRequiredText(field, "name", "No field name");
-          String fieldDoc = getOptionalText(field, "doc");
-          JsonNode fieldTypeNode = field.get("type");
-          if (fieldTypeNode == null)
-            throw new SchemaParseException("No field type: " + field);
-          if (fieldTypeNode.isTextual() && names.get(fieldTypeNode.textValue()) == null)
-            throw new SchemaParseException(fieldTypeNode + " is not a defined name." + " The type of the \"" + fieldName
-                + "\" field must be" + " a defined name or a {\"type\": ...} expression.");
-          Schema fieldSchema = parse(fieldTypeNode, names);
-          Field.Order order = Field.Order.ASCENDING;
-          JsonNode orderNode = field.get("order");
-          if (orderNode != null)
-            order = Field.Order.valueOf(orderNode.textValue().toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
-          JsonNode defaultValue = field.get("default");
-          if (defaultValue != null
-              && (Type.FLOAT.equals(fieldSchema.getType()) || Type.DOUBLE.equals(fieldSchema.getType()))
-              && defaultValue.isTextual())
-            defaultValue = new DoubleNode(Double.valueOf(defaultValue.textValue()));
-          Field f = new Field(fieldName, fieldSchema, fieldDoc, defaultValue, true, order);
-          Iterator<String> i = field.fieldNames();
-          while (i.hasNext()) { // add field props
-            String prop = i.next();
-            if (!FIELD_RESERVED.contains(prop))
-              f.addProp(prop, field.get(prop));
-          }
-          f.aliases = parseAliases(field);
-          fields.add(f);
-          if (fieldSchema.getLogicalType() == null && getOptionalText(field, LOGICAL_TYPE_PROP) != null)
-            LOG.warn(
-                "Ignored the {}.{}.logicalType property (\"{}\"). It should probably be nested inside the \"type\" for the field.",
-                name, fieldName, getOptionalText(field, "logicalType"));
-        }
-        result.setFields(fields);
-      } else if (type.equals("enum")) { // enum
-        JsonNode symbolsNode = schema.get("symbols");
-        if (symbolsNode == null || !symbolsNode.isArray())
-          throw new SchemaParseException("Enum has no symbols: " + schema);
-        LockableArrayList<String> symbols = new LockableArrayList<>(symbolsNode.size());
-        for (JsonNode n : symbolsNode)
-          symbols.add(n.textValue());
-        JsonNode enumDefault = schema.get("default");
-        String defaultSymbol = null;
-        if (enumDefault != null)
-          defaultSymbol = enumDefault.textValue();
-        result = new EnumSchema(name, doc, symbols, defaultSymbol);
-        if (name != null)
-          names.add(result);
+        return parsePrimitive(schema, type);
+      } else if ("record".equals(type) || isTypeError) { // record
+        return parseRecord(schema, context, currentNameSpace, isTypeError);
+      } else if ("enum".equals(type)) { // enum
+        return parseEnum(schema, context, currentNameSpace);
       } else if (type.equals("array")) { // array
-        JsonNode itemsNode = schema.get("items");
-        if (itemsNode == null)
-          throw new SchemaParseException("Array has no items type: " + schema);
-        result = new ArraySchema(parse(itemsNode, names));
+        return parseArray(schema, context, currentNameSpace);
       } else if (type.equals("map")) { // map
-        JsonNode valuesNode = schema.get("values");
-        if (valuesNode == null)
-          throw new SchemaParseException("Map has no values type: " + schema);
-        result = new MapSchema(parse(valuesNode, names));
-      } else if (type.equals("fixed")) { // fixed
-        JsonNode sizeNode = schema.get("size");
-        if (sizeNode == null || !sizeNode.isInt())
-          throw new SchemaParseException("Invalid or no size: " + schema);
-        result = new FixedSchema(name, doc, sizeNode.intValue());
-        if (name != null)
-          names.add(result);
+        return parseMap(schema, context, currentNameSpace);
+      } else if ("fixed".equals(type)) { // fixed
+        return parseFixed(schema, context, currentNameSpace);
       } else { // For unions with self reference
-        Name nameFromType = new Name(type, names.space);
-        if (names.containsKey(nameFromType)) {
-          return names.get(nameFromType);
-        }
-        throw new SchemaParseException("Type not supported: " + type);
-      }
-      Iterator<String> i = schema.fieldNames();
-
-      Set reserved = SCHEMA_RESERVED;
-      if (type.equals("enum")) {
-        reserved = ENUM_RESERVED;
-      }
-      while (i.hasNext()) { // add properties
-        String prop = i.next();
-        if (!reserved.contains(prop)) // ignore reserved
-          result.addProp(prop, schema.get(prop));
-      }
-      // parse logical type if present
-      result.logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(result);
-      names.space(savedSpace); // restore space
-      if (result instanceof NamedSchema) {
-        Set<String> aliases = parseAliases(schema);
-        if (aliases != null) // add aliases
-          for (String alias : aliases)
-            result.addAlias(alias);
+        return context.find(type, currentNameSpace);
       }
-      return result;
     } else if (schema.isArray()) { // union
-      LockableArrayList<Schema> types = new LockableArrayList<>(schema.size());
-      for (JsonNode typeNode : schema)
-        types.add(parse(typeNode, names));
-      return new UnionSchema(types);
+      return parseUnion(schema, context, currentNameSpace);
     } else {
       throw new SchemaParseException("Schema not yet supported: " + schema);
     }
   }
 
+  private static Schema parsePrimitive(JsonNode schema, String type) {
+    Schema result = create(PRIMITIVES.get(type));
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, SCHEMA_RESERVED);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static Schema parseRecord(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace,
+      boolean isTypeError) {
+    Name name = parseName(schema, currentNameSpace);
+    String doc = parseDoc(schema);
+    Schema result = new RecordSchema(name, doc, isTypeError);
+    context.put(result);
+
+    JsonNode fieldsNode = schema.get("fields");
+    if (fieldsNode == null || !fieldsNode.isArray())
+      throw new SchemaParseException("Record has no fields: " + schema);
+    List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (JsonNode field : fieldsNode) {
+      Field f = parseField(field, context, name.space);
+      fields.add(f);
+      if (f.schema().getLogicalType() == null && getOptionalText(field, LOGICAL_TYPE_PROP) != null)
+        LOG.warn(
+            "Ignored the {}.{}.logicalType property (\"{}\"). It should probably be nested inside the \"type\" for the field.",
+            name, f.name(), getOptionalText(field, "logicalType"));
+    }
+    result.setFields(fields);
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, SCHEMA_RESERVED);
+    parseAliases(schema, result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static Field parseField(JsonNode field, ParseContext context, String namespace) {
+    String fieldName = getRequiredText(field, "name", "No field name");
+    String fieldDoc = parseDoc(field);
+    JsonNode fieldTypeNode = field.get("type");
+    if (fieldTypeNode == null)
+      throw new SchemaParseException("No field type: " + field);
+    Schema fieldSchema = parse(fieldTypeNode, context, namespace);
+
+    Field.Order order = Field.Order.ASCENDING;
+    JsonNode orderNode = field.get("order");
+    if (orderNode != null)
+      order = Field.Order.valueOf(orderNode.textValue().toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
+
+    JsonNode defaultValue = field.get("default");
+    if (defaultValue != null && (Type.FLOAT.equals(fieldSchema.getType()) || Type.DOUBLE.equals(fieldSchema.getType()))
+        && defaultValue.isTextual())
+      defaultValue = new DoubleNode(Double.parseDouble(defaultValue.textValue()));
+
+    Field f = new Field(fieldName, fieldSchema, fieldDoc, defaultValue, true, order);
+    parseProperties(field, f, FIELD_RESERVED);
+    f.aliases = parseAliases(field);
+    return f;
+  }
+
+  private static Schema parseEnum(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
+    Name name = parseName(schema, currentNameSpace);
+    String doc = parseDoc(schema);
+
+    JsonNode symbolsNode = schema.get("symbols");
+    if (symbolsNode == null || !symbolsNode.isArray()) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException("Enum has no symbols: " + schema);
+    }
+    LockableArrayList<String> symbols = new LockableArrayList<>(symbolsNode.size());
+    for (JsonNode n : symbolsNode)
+      symbols.add(n.textValue());
+    JsonNode enumDefault = schema.get("default");
+    String defaultSymbol = null;
+    if (enumDefault != null) {
+      defaultSymbol = enumDefault.textValue();
+    }
+
+    Schema result = new EnumSchema(name, doc, symbols, defaultSymbol);
+    context.put(result);
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, ENUM_RESERVED);
+    parseAliases(schema, result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static Schema parseArray(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
+    Schema result;
+    JsonNode itemsNode = schema.get("items");
+    if (itemsNode == null)
+      throw new SchemaParseException("Array has no items type: " + schema);
+    result = new ArraySchema(parse(itemsNode, context, currentNameSpace));
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, SCHEMA_RESERVED);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static Schema parseMap(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
+    Schema result;
+    JsonNode valuesNode = schema.get("values");
+    if (valuesNode == null)
+      throw new SchemaParseException("Map has no values type: " + schema);
+    result = new MapSchema(parse(valuesNode, context, currentNameSpace));
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, SCHEMA_RESERVED);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static Schema parseFixed(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
+    Name name = parseName(schema, currentNameSpace);
+    String doc = parseDoc(schema);
+
+    JsonNode sizeNode = schema.get("size");
+    if (sizeNode == null || !sizeNode.isInt())
+      throw new SchemaParseException("Invalid or no size: " + schema);
+
+    Schema result = new FixedSchema(name, doc, sizeNode.intValue());
+    context.put(result);
+    parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(schema, result, SCHEMA_RESERVED);
+    parseAliases(schema, result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static UnionSchema parseUnion(JsonNode schema, ParseContext context, String currentNameSpace) {
+    LockableArrayList<Schema> types = new LockableArrayList<>(schema.size());
+    for (JsonNode typeNode : schema)
+      types.add(parse(typeNode, context, currentNameSpace));
+    return new UnionSchema(types);
+  }
+
+  private static void parsePropertiesAndLogicalType(JsonNode jsonNode, Schema result, Set<String> propertiesToSkip) {
+    parseProperties(jsonNode, result, propertiesToSkip);
+    // parse logical type if present
+    result.logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(result);
+  }
+
+  private static void parseProperties(JsonNode schema, JsonProperties result, Set<String> propertiesToSkip) {
+    schema.fieldNames().forEachRemaining(prop -> { // add properties
+      if (!propertiesToSkip.contains(prop)) // ignore reserved
+        result.addProp(prop, schema.get(prop));
+    });
+  }
+
+  private static Name parseName(JsonNode schema, String currentNameSpace) {
+    String space = getOptionalText(schema, "namespace");
+    if (space == null)
+      space = currentNameSpace;
+    return new Name(getRequiredText(schema, "name", "No name in schema"), space);
+  }
+
+  private static String parseDoc(JsonNode schema) {
+    return getOptionalText(schema, "doc");
+  }
+
+  private static void parseAliases(JsonNode schema, Schema result) {
+    Set<String> aliases = parseAliases(schema);
+    if (aliases != null) // add aliases
+      for (String alias : aliases)
+        result.addAlias(alias);
+  }
+
   static Set<String> parseAliases(JsonNode node) {
     JsonNode aliasesNode = node.get("aliases");
     if (aliasesNode == null)
@@ -1838,13 +2072,14 @@ public static Schema applyAliases(Schema writer, Schema reader) {
     Map<Name, Map<String, String>> fieldAliases = new HashMap<>(1);
     getAliases(reader, seen, aliases, fieldAliases);
 
-    if (aliases.size() == 0 && fieldAliases.size() == 0)
+    if (aliases.isEmpty() && fieldAliases.isEmpty())
       return writer; // no aliases
 
     seen.clear();
     return applyAliases(writer, seen, aliases, fieldAliases);
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("DataFlowIssue")
   private static Schema applyAliases(Schema s, Map<Schema, Schema> seen, Map<Name, Name> aliases,
       Map<Name, Map<String, String>> fieldAliases) {
 
@@ -1900,6 +2135,7 @@ private static Schema applyAliases(Schema s, Map<Schema, Schema> seen, Map<Name,
     return result;
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("DataFlowIssue")
   private static void getAliases(Schema schema, Map<Schema, Schema> seen, Map<Name, Name> aliases,
       Map<Name, Map<String, String>> fieldAliases) {
     if (schema instanceof NamedSchema) {
@@ -1961,10 +2197,11 @@ private static String getFieldAlias(Name record, String field, Map<Name, Map<Str
    * <tt>true</tt> in the lock() method. It's legal to call lock() any number of
    * times. Any lock() other than the first one is a no-op.
    *
-   * This class throws <tt>IllegalStateException</tt> if a mutating operation is
-   * performed after being locked. Since modifications through iterator also use
+   * If a mutating operation is performed after being locked, it throws an
+   * <tt>IllegalStateException</tt>. Since modifications through iterator also use
    * the list's mutating operations, this effectively blocks all modifications.
    */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   static class LockableArrayList<E> extends ArrayList<E> {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     private boolean locked = false;
@@ -1980,6 +2217,7 @@ public LockableArrayList(List<E> types) {
       super(types);
     }
 
+    @SafeVarargs
     public LockableArrayList(E... types) {
       super(types.length);
       Collections.addAll(this, types);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaCompatibility.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaCompatibility.java
index 3e5628d9b3b..8b6a2839ad6 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaCompatibility.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaCompatibility.java
@@ -324,8 +324,10 @@ private SchemaCompatibilityResult calculateCompatibility(final Schema reader, fi
 
         // Reader compatible with all branches of a writer union is compatible
         if (writer.getType() == Schema.Type.UNION) {
+          int index = 0;
           for (Schema s : writer.getTypes()) {
-            result = result.mergedWith(getCompatibility(reader, s));
+            result = result.mergedWith(getCompatibility(Integer.toString(index), reader, s, location));
+            index++;
           }
           return result;
         }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6303b01fb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+/**
+ * Interface and factory to format schemas to text.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Schema formats have a name, and optionally a variant (all lowercase). The
+ * Avro library supports a few formats out of the box:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <dl>
+ *
+ * <dt>{@code json}</dt>
+ * <dd>Classic schema definition (which is a form of JSON). Supports the
+ * variants {@code pretty} (the default) and {@code inline}. Can be written as
+ * .avsc files. See the specification (<a href=
+ * "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/#schema-declaration">Schema
+ * Declaration</a>) for more details.</dd>
+ *
+ * <dt>{@code canonical}</dt>
+ * <dd>Parsing Canonical Form; this uniquely defines how Avro data is written.
+ * Used to generate schema fingerprints.<br/>
+ * See the specification (<a href=
+ * "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas">Parsing
+ * Canonical Form for Schemas</a>) for more details.</dd>
+ *
+ * <dt>{@code idl}</dt>
+ * <dd>IDL: a format that looks much like source code, and is arguably easier to
+ * read than JSON. Available when the module {@code avro-idl} is on the
+ * classpath. See
+ * <a href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/idl-language/">IDL Language</a>
+ * for more details.</dd>
+ *
+ * </dl>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Additional formats can be defined by implementing
+ * {@link SchemaFormatterFactory}.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @see <a href=
+ *      "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/#schema-declaration">Specification:
+ *      Schema Declaration</a>
+ * @see <a href=
+ *      "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas">Specification:
+ *      Parsing Canonical Form for Schemas</a>
+ * @see <a href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/idl-language/">IDL
+ *      Language</a>
+ */
+public interface SchemaFormatter {
+  /**
+   * Get the schema formatter for the specified format name with optional variant.
+   *
+   * @param name a format with optional variant, for example "json/pretty",
+   *             "canonical" or "idl"
+   * @return the schema formatter for the specified format
+   * @throws AvroRuntimeException if the schema format is not supported
+   */
+  static SchemaFormatter getInstance(String name) {
+    int slashPos = name.indexOf("/");
+    // SchemaFormatterFactory.getFormatterForVariant(String) receives the name of
+    // the variant in lowercase (as stated in its javadoc). We're doing a
+    // case-insensitive comparison on the format name instead, so we don't have to
+    // convert the format name provided by the factory to lower case.
+    // This ensures the least amount of assumptions about implementations.
+    String formatName = slashPos < 0 ? name : name.substring(0, slashPos);
+    String variantName = slashPos < 0 ? null : name.substring(slashPos + 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+
+    for (SchemaFormatterFactory formatterFactory : SchemaFormatterCache.LOADER) {
+      if (formatName.equalsIgnoreCase(formatterFactory.formatName())) {
+        if (variantName == null) {
+          return formatterFactory.getDefaultFormatter();
+        } else {
+          return formatterFactory.getFormatterForVariant(variantName);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    throw new AvroRuntimeException("Unsupported schema format: " + name + "; see the javadoc for valid examples");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Format a schema with the specified format. Shorthand for
+   * {@code getInstance(name).format(schema)}.
+   *
+   * @param name   the name of the schema format
+   * @param schema the schema to format
+   * @return the formatted schema
+   * @throws AvroRuntimeException if the schema format is not supported
+   * @see #getInstance(String)
+   * @see #format(Schema)
+   */
+  static String format(String name, Schema schema) {
+    return getInstance(name).format(schema);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the specified schema as a String.
+   *
+   * @param schema the schema to write
+   * @return the formatted schema
+   */
+  String format(Schema schema);
+}
+
+class SchemaFormatterCache {
+  static final ServiceLoader<SchemaFormatterFactory> LOADER = ServiceLoader.load(SchemaFormatterFactory.class);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be731a86ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Service Provider Interface (SPI) for {@link SchemaFormatter}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Notes to implementers:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *
+ * <li>Implementations are located using a {@link java.util.ServiceLoader}. See
+ * that class for details.</li>
+ *
+ * <li>Implementing classes should either be named
+ * {@code <format>SchemaFormatterFactory} (where the format is alphanumeric), or
+ * implement {@link #formatName()}.</li>
+ *
+ * <li>Implement at least {@link #getDefaultFormatter()}; use it to call
+ * {@link #getFormatterForVariant(String)} if the format supports multiple
+ * variants.</li>
+ *
+ * <li>Example implementations are {@link JsonSchemaFormatterFactory} and
+ * {@link CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory}</li>
+ *
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @see java.util.ServiceLoader
+ */
+public interface SchemaFormatterFactory {
+  /**
+   * Return the name of the format this formatter factory supports.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * The default implementation returns the lowercase prefix of the implementing
+   * class if it is named {@code <format>SchemaFormatterFactory}. That is, if the
+   * implementing class is named {@code some.package.JsonSchemaFormatterFactory},
+   * it returns: {@literal "json"}
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return the name of the format
+   */
+  default String formatName() {
+    String simpleName = getClass().getSimpleName();
+    Matcher matcher = SchemaFormatterFactoryConstants.SIMPLE_NAME_PATTERN.matcher(simpleName);
+    if (matcher.matches()) {
+      return matcher.group(1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    } else {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException(
+          "Formatter is not named \"<format>SchemaFormatterFactory\"; cannot determine format name.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the default formatter for this schema format. Instances should be
+   * thread-safe, as they may be cached.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Implementations should either return the only formatter for this format, or
+   * call {@link #getFormatterForVariant(String)} with the default variant and
+   * implement that method as well.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return the default formatter for this schema format
+   */
+  SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter();
+
+  /**
+   * Get a formatter for the specified schema format variant, if multiple variants
+   * are supported. Instances should be thread-safe, as they may be cached.
+   *
+   * @param variantName the name of the format variant (lower case), if specified
+   * @return if the factory supports the format, a schema writer; {@code null}
+   *         otherwise
+   */
+  default SchemaFormatter getFormatterForVariant(String variantName) {
+    throw new AvroRuntimeException("The schema format \"" + formatName() + "\" has no variants.");
+  }
+}
+
+class SchemaFormatterFactoryConstants {
+  static final Pattern SIMPLE_NAME_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
+      "([a-z][0-9a-z]*)" + SchemaFormatterFactory.class.getSimpleName(),
+      Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.UNICODE_CASE);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaParser.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3eb2d9ab69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.util.UtfTextUtils;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+/**
+ * Avro schema parser for text-based formats like JSON, IDL, etc.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Parses formatted (i.e., text based) schemata from a given source using the
+ * available {@link FormattedSchemaParser} implementations, and returns the
+ * first result. This means it can transparently handle any schema format. The
+ * Avro project defines a JSON based format and an IDL format (the latter
+ * available as a separate dependency), but you can also provide your own.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The parser can handle various text based sources. If the source contains a
+ * UTF encoded latin text based format it can even detect which UTF encoding was
+ * used (UTF-8, UTF16BE, UTF16LE, UTF-32BE or UTF32LE).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @see FormattedSchemaParser
+ * @see UtfTextUtils
+ */
+public class SchemaParser {
+  private final ParseContext parseContext;
+  private final Collection<FormattedSchemaParser> formattedSchemaParsers;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a schema parser. Initially, the list of known (named) schemata is
+   * empty.
+   */
+  public SchemaParser() {
+    this.parseContext = new ParseContext();
+    this.formattedSchemaParsers = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (FormattedSchemaParser formattedSchemaParser : ServiceLoader.load(FormattedSchemaParser.class)) {
+      formattedSchemaParsers.add(formattedSchemaParser);
+    }
+    // Add the default / JSON parser last (not as a service, even though it
+    // implements the service interface), to allow implementations that parse JSON
+    // files into schemata differently.
+    formattedSchemaParsers.add(new JsonSchemaParser());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a file. The file content is assumed to be UTF-8
+   * text.
+   *
+   * @param file the file to read
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   * @see UtfTextUtils
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(File file) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(file, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a file written with a specific character set.
+   *
+   * @param file    the file to read
+   * @param charset the character set of the file contents
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(file.toPath(), charset);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a file. The file content is assumed to be UTF-8
+   * text.
+   *
+   * @param file the file to read
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   * @see UtfTextUtils
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(Path file) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(file, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a file written with a specific character set.
+   *
+   * @param file    the file to read
+   * @param charset the character set of the file contents
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(Path file, Charset charset) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    URI inputDir = file.getParent().toUri();
+    try (InputStream stream = Files.newInputStream(file)) {
+      String formattedSchema = UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(stream, charset);
+      return parse(inputDir, formattedSchema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a file written with a specific character set.
+   *
+   * @param location the location of the schema resource
+   * @param charset  the character set of the schema resource
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(URI location, Charset charset) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    try (InputStream stream = location.toURL().openStream()) {
+      String formattedSchema = UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(stream, charset);
+      return parse(location, formattedSchema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from an input stream. The stream content is assumed to
+   * be UTF-8 text. Note that the stream stays open after reading.
+   *
+   * @param in the stream to read
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   * @see UtfTextUtils
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(InputStream in) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(in, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from an input stream. Note that the stream stays open
+   * after reading.
+   *
+   * @param in      the stream to read
+   * @param charset the character set of the stream contents
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(InputStream in, Charset charset) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(in, charset));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from an input reader.
+   *
+   * @param in the stream to read
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws IOException          when the schema cannot be read
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(Reader in) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    return parse(UtfTextUtils.readAllChars(in));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an Avro schema from a string.
+   *
+   * @param text the text to parse
+   * @return the schema
+   * @throws SchemaParseException if parsing the schema failed; contains
+   *                              suppressed underlying parse exceptions if
+   *                              available
+   */
+  public ParseResult parse(CharSequence text) throws SchemaParseException {
+    try {
+      return parse(null, text);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // This can only happen if parser implementations try to read other (related)
+      // schemata from somewhere.
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Could not read schema", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse the given schema (string) within the specified context using all
+   * available {@link FormattedSchemaParser} implementations, collecting any
+   * {@link SchemaParseException}s that occur, and return the first successfully
+   * parsed schema. If all parsers fail, throw a {@code SchemaParseException} with
+   * all collected parse exceptions added as suppressed exceptions. Uses the base
+   * location of the schema (e.g., the directory where the schema file lives) if
+   * available.
+   *
+   * @param baseUri         the base location of the schema, or {@code null} if
+   *                        not known
+   * @param formattedSchema the schema as text
+   * @return the parsed schema
+   * @throws IOException          if thrown by one of the parsers
+   * @throws RuntimeException     if thrown by one of the parsers
+   * @throws SchemaParseException when all parsers fail
+   */
+  private ParseResult parse(URI baseUri, CharSequence formattedSchema) throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    List<SchemaParseException> parseExceptions = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (FormattedSchemaParser formattedSchemaParser : formattedSchemaParsers) {
+      try {
+        Schema schema = formattedSchemaParser.parse(parseContext, baseUri, formattedSchema);
+        if (parseContext.hasNewSchemas() || schema != null) {
+          // Parsing succeeded: return the result.
+          return parseContext.commit(schema);
+        }
+      } catch (SchemaParseException e) {
+        parseContext.rollback();
+        parseExceptions.add(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // None of the available parsers succeeded
+
+    if (parseExceptions.size() == 1) {
+      throw parseExceptions.get(0);
+    }
+    SchemaParseException parseException = new SchemaParseException(
+        "Could not parse the schema (the suppressed exceptions tell why).");
+    parseExceptions.forEach(parseException::addSuppressed);
+    throw parseException;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all parsed schemata.
+   *
+   * @return all parsed schemas, in the order they were parsed
+   */
+  public List<Schema> getParsedNamedSchemas() {
+    return parseContext.resolveAllSchemas();
+  }
+
+  // Temporary method to reduce PR size
+  @Deprecated
+  public Schema resolve(ParseResult result) {
+    return result.mainSchema();
+  }
+
+  public interface ParseResult {
+    /**
+     * The main schema parsed from a file. Can be any schema, or {@code null} if the
+     * parsed file has no "main" schema.
+     */
+    Schema mainSchema();
+
+    /**
+     * The list of named schemata that were parsed.
+     */
+    List<Schema> parsedNamedSchemas();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SystemLimitException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SystemLimitException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a96f812d84d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/SystemLimitException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown to prevent making large allocations when reading potentially
+ * pathological input data from an untrusted source.
+ * <p/>
+ * The following system properties can be set to limit the size of bytes,
+ * strings and collection types to be allocated:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li><tt>org.apache.avro.limits.byte.maxLength</tt></li> limits the maximum
+ * size of <tt>byte</tt> types.</li>
+ * <li><tt>org.apache.avro.limits.collectionItems.maxLength</tt></li> limits the
+ * maximum number of <tt>map</tt> and <tt>list</tt> items that can be read at
+ * once single sequence.</li>
+ * <li><tt>org.apache.avro.limits.string.maxLength</tt></li> limits the maximum
+ * size of <tt>string</tt> types.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * The default is to permit sizes up to {@link #MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT}.
+ */
+public class SystemLimitException extends AvroRuntimeException {
+
+  /**
+   * The maximum length of array to allocate (unless necessary). Some VMs reserve
+   * some header words in an array. Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result
+   * in {@code OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit}
+   *
+   * @see <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8246725">JDK-8246725</a>
+   */
+  // VisibleForTesting
+  static final int MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
+
+  public static final String MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.limits.bytes.maxLength";
+  public static final String MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.limits.collectionItems.maxLength";
+  public static final String MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.limits.string.maxLength";
+
+  private static int maxBytesLength = MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT;
+  private static int maxCollectionLength = MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT;
+  private static int maxStringLength = MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT;
+
+  static {
+    resetLimits();
+  }
+
+  public SystemLimitException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an integer value stored in a system property, used to configure the
+   * system behaviour of decoders
+   *
+   * @param property     The system property to fetch
+   * @param defaultValue The value to use if the system property is not present or
+   *                     parsable as an int
+   * @return The value from the system property
+   */
+  private static int getLimitFromProperty(String property, int defaultValue) {
+    String o = System.getProperty(property);
+    int i = defaultValue;
+    if (o != null) {
+      try {
+        i = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(o);
+      } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+        LoggerFactory.getLogger(SystemLimitException.class).warn("Could not parse property " + property + ": " + o,
+            nfe);
+      }
+    }
+    return i;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check to ensure that reading the bytes is within the specified limits.
+   *
+   * @param length The proposed size of the bytes to read
+   * @return The size of the bytes if and only if it is within the limit and
+   *         non-negative.
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if reading the datum would allocate a
+   *                                       collection that the Java VM would be
+   *                                       unable to handle
+   * @throws SystemLimitException          if the decoding should fail because it
+   *                                       would otherwise result in an allocation
+   *                                       exceeding the set limit
+   * @throws AvroRuntimeException          if the length is negative
+   */
+  public static int checkMaxBytesLength(long length) {
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + length);
+    }
+    if (length > MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "Cannot read arrays longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + " bytes in Java library");
+    }
+    if (length > maxBytesLength) {
+      throw new SystemLimitException("Bytes length " + length + " exceeds maximum allowed");
+    }
+    return (int) length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check to ensure that reading the specified number of items remains within the
+   * specified limits.
+   *
+   * @param existing The number of elements items read in the collection
+   * @param items    The next number of items to read. In normal usage, this is
+   *                 always a positive, permitted value. Negative and zero values
+   *                 have a special meaning in Avro decoding.
+   * @return The total number of items in the collection if and only if it is
+   *         within the limit and non-negative.
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if reading the items would allocate a
+   *                                       collection that the Java VM would be
+   *                                       unable to handle
+   * @throws SystemLimitException          if the decoding should fail because it
+   *                                       would otherwise result in an allocation
+   *                                       exceeding the set limit
+   * @throws AvroRuntimeException          if the length is negative
+   */
+  public static int checkMaxCollectionLength(long existing, long items) {
+    long length = existing + items;
+    if (existing < 0) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + existing);
+    }
+    if (items < 0) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + items);
+    }
+    if (length > MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT || length < existing) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "Cannot read collections larger than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + " items in Java library");
+    }
+    if (length > maxCollectionLength) {
+      throw new SystemLimitException("Collection length " + length + " exceeds maximum allowed");
+    }
+    return (int) length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check to ensure that reading the string size is within the specified limits.
+   *
+   * @param length The proposed size of the string to read
+   * @return The size of the string if and only if it is within the limit and
+   *         non-negative.
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if reading the items would allocate a
+   *                                       collection that the Java VM would be
+   *                                       unable to handle
+   * @throws SystemLimitException          if the decoding should fail because it
+   *                                       would otherwise result in an allocation
+   *                                       exceeding the set limit
+   * @throws AvroRuntimeException          if the length is negative
+   */
+  public static int checkMaxStringLength(long length) {
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + length);
+    }
+    if (length > MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot read strings longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + " bytes");
+    }
+    if (length > maxStringLength) {
+      throw new SystemLimitException("String length " + length + " exceeds maximum allowed");
+    }
+    return (int) length;
+  }
+
+  /** Reread the limits from the system properties. */
+  // VisibleForTesting
+  static void resetLimits() {
+    maxBytesLength = getLimitFromProperty(MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT);
+    maxCollectionLength = getLimitFromProperty(MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT);
+    maxStringLength = getLimitFromProperty(MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/data/TimeConversions.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/data/TimeConversions.java
index 785d31a5116..e63ebaae6e0 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/data/TimeConversions.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/data/TimeConversions.java
@@ -204,6 +204,53 @@ public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
     }
   }
 
+  public static class TimestampNanosConversion extends Conversion<Instant> {
+    @Override
+    public Class<Instant> getConvertedType() {
+      return Instant.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+      return "timestamp-nanos";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String adjustAndSetValue(String varName, String valParamName) {
+      return varName + " = " + valParamName + ".truncatedTo(java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.NANOS);";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant fromLong(Long microsFromEpoch, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      long epochSeconds = microsFromEpoch / 1_000_000_000L;
+      long nanoAdjustment = microsFromEpoch % 1_000_000_000L;
+
+      return Instant.ofEpochSecond(epochSeconds, nanoAdjustment);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long toLong(Instant instant, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      long seconds = instant.getEpochSecond();
+      int nanos = instant.getNano();
+
+      if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
+        long micros = Math.multiplyExact(seconds + 1, 1_000_000_000L);
+        long adjustment = nanos - 1_000_000;
+
+        return Math.addExact(micros, adjustment);
+      } else {
+        long micros = Math.multiplyExact(seconds, 1_000_000_000L);
+
+        return Math.addExact(micros, nanos);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+      return LogicalTypes.timestampNanos().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+    }
+  }
+
   public static class LocalTimestampMillisConversion extends Conversion<LocalDateTime> {
     private final TimestampMillisConversion timestampMillisConversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
 
@@ -265,4 +312,35 @@ public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
       return LogicalTypes.localTimestampMicros().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     }
   }
+
+  public static class LocalTimestampNanosConversion extends Conversion<LocalDateTime> {
+    private final TimestampNanosConversion timestampNanosConversion = new TimestampNanosConversion();
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<LocalDateTime> getConvertedType() {
+      return LocalDateTime.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+      return "local-timestamp-nanos";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LocalDateTime fromLong(Long microsFromEpoch, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      Instant instant = timestampNanosConversion.fromLong(microsFromEpoch, schema, type);
+      return LocalDateTime.ofInstant(instant, ZoneOffset.UTC);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long toLong(LocalDateTime timestamp, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      Instant instant = timestamp.toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+      return timestampNanosConversion.toLong(instant, schema, type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+      return LogicalTypes.localTimestampNanos().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/CodecFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/CodecFactory.java
index 351c036b861..1cfed238f7e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/CodecFactory.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/CodecFactory.java
@@ -28,12 +28,14 @@
 /**
  * Encapsulates the ability to specify and configure a compression codec.
  *
- * Currently there are three codecs registered by default:
+ * Currently there are five codecs registered by default:
  * <ul>
  * <li>{@code null}</li>
  * <li>{@code deflate}</li>
  * <li>{@code snappy}</li>
  * <li>{@code bzip2}</li>
+ * <li>{@code xz}</li>
+ * <li>{@code zstandard}</li>
  * </ul>
  *
  * New and custom codecs can be registered using
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader.java
index 7a235352e50..ae33df59fbe 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader.java
@@ -17,18 +17,19 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
+import org.apache.avro.InvalidAvroMagicException;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+
 import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.File;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import org.apache.avro.InvalidAvroMagicException;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
-import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
-import static org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants.SYNC_SIZE;
 import static org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants.MAGIC;
+import static org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants.SYNC_SIZE;
 
 /**
  * Random access to files written with {@link DataFileWriter}.
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
  * @see DataFileWriter
  */
 public class DataFileReader<D> extends DataFileStream<D> implements FileReader<D> {
-  private SeekableInputStream sin;
+  private final SeekableInputStream sin;
   private long blockStart;
   private int[] partialMatchTable;
 
@@ -69,10 +70,9 @@ public static <D> FileReader<D> openReader(SeekableInput in, DatumReader<D> read
       length -= bytesRead;
       offset += bytesRead;
     }
-    in.seek(0);
 
     if (Arrays.equals(MAGIC, magic)) // current format
-      return new DataFileReader<>(in, reader);
+      return new DataFileReader<>(in, reader, magic);
     if (Arrays.equals(DataFileReader12.MAGIC, magic)) // 1.2 format
       return new DataFileReader12<>(in, reader);
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public static <D> DataFileReader<D> openReader(SeekableInput in, DatumReader<D>
    * <pre/>
    */
   public DataFileReader(File file, DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOException {
-    this(new SeekableFileInput(file), reader, true);
+    this(new SeekableFileInput(file), reader, true, null);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -128,15 +128,20 @@ public DataFileReader(File file, DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOException {
    * <pre/>
    */
   public DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOException {
-    this(sin, reader, false);
+    this(sin, reader, false, null);
+  }
+
+  private DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader, byte[] magic) throws IOException {
+    this(sin, reader, false, magic);
   }
 
   /** Construct a reader for a file. Please close resource files yourself. */
-  protected DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader, boolean closeOnError) throws IOException {
+  protected DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader, boolean closeOnError, byte[] magic)
+      throws IOException {
     super(reader);
     try {
       this.sin = new SeekableInputStream(sin);
-      initialize(this.sin);
+      initialize(this.sin, magic);
       blockFinished();
     } catch (final Throwable e) {
       if (closeOnError) {
@@ -153,7 +158,7 @@ protected DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader, boolean close
   protected DataFileReader(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader, Header header) throws IOException {
     super(reader);
     this.sin = new SeekableInputStream(sin);
-    initialize(this.sin, header);
+    initialize(header);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ public void seek(long position) throws IOException {
     vin = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(this.sin, vin);
     datumIn = null;
     blockRemaining = 0;
-    blockStart = position;
+    blockFinished();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ public void sync(final long position) throws IOException {
     seek(position);
     // work around an issue where 1.5.4 C stored sync in metadata
     if ((position == 0L) && (getMeta("avro.sync") != null)) {
-      initialize(sin); // re-init to skip header
+      initialize(sin, null); // re-init to skip header
       return;
     }
 
@@ -259,9 +264,9 @@ public long tell() throws IOException {
 
   static class SeekableInputStream extends InputStream implements SeekableInput {
     private final byte[] oneByte = new byte[1];
-    private SeekableInput in;
+    private final SeekableInput in;
 
-    SeekableInputStream(SeekableInput in) throws IOException {
+    SeekableInputStream(SeekableInput in) {
       this.in = in;
     }
 
@@ -305,15 +310,10 @@ public int read() throws IOException {
     @Override
     public long skip(long skip) throws IOException {
       long position = in.tell();
+      long skipToPosition = position + skip;
       long length = in.length();
-      long remaining = length - position;
-      if (remaining > skip) {
-        in.seek(skip);
-        return in.tell() - position;
-      } else {
-        in.seek(remaining);
-        return in.tell() - position;
-      }
+      in.seek(Math.min(skipToPosition, length));
+      return in.tell() - position;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
     @Override
     public int available() throws IOException {
       long remaining = (in.length() - in.tell());
-      return (remaining > Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int) remaining;
+      return (int) Math.min(remaining, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader12.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader12.java
index f24a978d6f8..c057a86db73 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader12.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileReader12.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ public DataFileReader12(SeekableInput sin, DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOExcep
     this.in = new DataFileReader.SeekableInputStream(sin);
 
     byte[] magic = new byte[4];
+    in.seek(0); // seek to 0 to read magic header
     in.read(magic);
     if (!Arrays.equals(MAGIC, magic))
       throw new InvalidAvroMagicException("Not a data file.");
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileStream.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileStream.java
index 8d2697104e2..aa458684635 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileStream.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileStream.java
@@ -17,14 +17,23 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.InvalidAvroMagicException;
+import org.apache.avro.NameValidator;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
@@ -32,14 +41,6 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 
-import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
-import org.apache.avro.InvalidAvroMagicException;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
-import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
-
 /**
  * Streaming access to files written by {@link DataFileWriter}. Use
  * {@link DataFileReader} for file-based input.
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ private Header() {
    */
   public DataFileStream(InputStream in, DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOException {
     this.reader = reader;
-    initialize(in);
+    initialize(in, null);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -97,18 +98,30 @@ protected DataFileStream(DatumReader<D> reader) throws IOException {
     this.reader = reader;
   }
 
-  /** Initialize the stream by reading from its head. */
-  void initialize(InputStream in) throws IOException {
-    this.header = new Header();
-    this.vin = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(in, vin);
+  byte[] readMagic() throws IOException {
+    if (this.vin == null) {
+      throw new IOException("InputStream is not initialized");
+    }
     byte[] magic = new byte[DataFileConstants.MAGIC.length];
     try {
       vin.readFixed(magic); // read magic
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw new IOException("Not an Avro data file.", e);
     }
+    return magic;
+  }
+
+  void validateMagic(byte[] magic) throws InvalidAvroMagicException {
     if (!Arrays.equals(DataFileConstants.MAGIC, magic))
       throw new InvalidAvroMagicException("Not an Avro data file.");
+  }
+
+  /** Initialize the stream by reading from its head. */
+  void initialize(InputStream in, byte[] magic) throws IOException {
+    this.header = new Header();
+    this.vin = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(in, vin);
+    magic = (magic == null) ? readMagic() : magic;
+    validateMagic(magic);
 
     long l = vin.readMapStart(); // read meta data
     if (l > 0) {
@@ -127,14 +140,14 @@ void initialize(InputStream in) throws IOException {
 
     // finalize the header
     header.metaKeyList = Collections.unmodifiableList(header.metaKeyList);
-    header.schema = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).setValidateDefaults(false)
+    header.schema = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).setValidateDefaults(false)
         .parse(getMetaString(DataFileConstants.SCHEMA));
     this.codec = resolveCodec();
     reader.setSchema(header.schema);
   }
 
   /** Initialize the stream without reading from it. */
-  void initialize(InputStream in, Header header) throws IOException {
+  void initialize(Header header) throws IOException {
     this.header = header;
     this.codec = resolveCodec();
     reader.setSchema(header.schema);
@@ -262,6 +275,7 @@ public ByteBuffer nextBlock() throws IOException {
     if (blockRemaining != blockCount)
       throw new IllegalStateException("Not at block start.");
     blockRemaining = 0;
+    blockFinished();
     datumIn = null;
     return blockBuffer;
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileWriter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileWriter.java
index 05e5006acbf..58235da8848 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/DataFileWriter.java
@@ -17,32 +17,32 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
-import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileStream.DataBlock;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.util.NonCopyingByteArrayOutputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
 
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.FilterOutputStream;
 import java.io.Flushable;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.security.MessageDigest;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
-import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileStream.DataBlock;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
-import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
-import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.apache.avro.util.NonCopyingByteArrayOutputStream;
-import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 
 /**
  * Stores in a file a sequence of data conforming to a schema. The schema is
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
  * <i>blocks</i>. A synchronization marker is written between blocks, so that
  * files may be split. Blocks may be compressed. Extensible metadata is stored
  * at the end of the file. Files may be appended to.
- * 
+ *
  * @see DataFileReader
  */
 public class DataFileWriter<D> implements Closeable, Flushable {
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ public class DataFileWriter<D> implements Closeable, Flushable {
 
   private byte[] sync; // 16 random bytes
   private int syncInterval = DataFileConstants.DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL;
+  private Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> initEncoder = out -> new EncoderFactory().directBinaryEncoder(out,
+      null);
 
   private boolean isOpen;
   private Codec codec;
@@ -129,6 +131,17 @@ public DataFileWriter<D> setSyncInterval(int syncInterval) {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Allows setting a different encoder than the default DirectBinaryEncoder.
+   *
+   * @param initEncoderFunc Function to create a binary encoder
+   * @return this DataFileWriter
+   */
+  public DataFileWriter<D> setEncoder(Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> initEncoderFunc) {
+    this.initEncoder = initEncoderFunc;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   /** Open a new file for data matching a schema with a random sync. */
   public DataFileWriter<D> create(Schema schema, File file) throws IOException {
     SyncableFileOutputStream sfos = new SyncableFileOutputStream(file);
@@ -181,7 +194,7 @@ public DataFileWriter<D> create(Schema schema, OutputStream outs, byte[] sync) t
    * sync marker is written. By default, the writer will flush the buffer each
    * time a sync marker is written (if the block size limit is reached or the
    * {@linkplain #sync()} is called.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param flushOnEveryBlock - If set to false, this writer will not flush the
    *                          block to the stream until {@linkplain #flush()} is
    *                          explicitly called.
@@ -211,7 +224,7 @@ public DataFileWriter<D> appendTo(File file) throws IOException {
   /**
    * Open a writer appending to an existing file. <strong>Since 1.9.0 this method
    * does not close in.</strong>
-   * 
+   *
    * @param in  reading the existing file.
    * @param out positioned at the end of the existing file.
    */
@@ -241,22 +254,19 @@ private void init(OutputStream outs) throws IOException {
     this.vout = efactory.directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
     dout.setSchema(schema);
     buffer = new NonCopyingByteArrayOutputStream(Math.min((int) (syncInterval * 1.25), Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2 - 1));
-    this.bufOut = efactory.directBinaryEncoder(buffer, null);
+    this.bufOut = this.initEncoder.apply(buffer);
     if (this.codec == null) {
       this.codec = CodecFactory.nullCodec().createInstance();
     }
     this.isOpen = true;
   }
 
+  private static final SecureRandom RNG = new SecureRandom();
+
   private static byte[] generateSync() {
-    try {
-      MessageDigest digester = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
-      long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
-      digester.update((UUID.randomUUID() + "@" + time).getBytes(UTF_8));
-      return digester.digest();
-    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(e);
-    }
+    byte[] sync = new byte[16];
+    RNG.nextBytes(sync);
+    return sync;
   }
 
   private DataFileWriter<D> setMetaInternal(String key, byte[] value) {
@@ -304,7 +314,7 @@ public AppendWriteException(Exception e) {
 
   /**
    * Append a datum to the file.
-   * 
+   *
    * @see AppendWriteException
    */
   public void append(D datum) throws IOException {
@@ -365,7 +375,7 @@ private void writeIfBlockFull() throws IOException {
    * at compression level 7. If <i>recompress</i> is false, blocks will be copied
    * without changing the compression level. If true, they will be converted to
    * the new compression level.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param otherFile
    * @param recompress
    * @throws IOException
@@ -439,10 +449,10 @@ public void flush() throws IOException {
   }
 
   /**
-   * If this writer was instantiated using a File or using an
-   * {@linkplain Syncable} instance, this method flushes all buffers for this
-   * writer to disk. In other cases, this method behaves exactly like
-   * {@linkplain #flush()}.
+   * If this writer was instantiated using a {@linkplain File},
+   * {@linkplain FileOutputStream} or {@linkplain Syncable} instance, this method
+   * flushes all buffers for this writer to disk. In other cases, this method
+   * behaves exactly like {@linkplain #flush()}.
    *
    * @throws IOException
    */
@@ -450,6 +460,8 @@ public void fSync() throws IOException {
     flush();
     if (underlyingStream instanceof Syncable) {
       ((Syncable) underlyingStream).sync();
+    } else if (underlyingStream instanceof FileOutputStream) {
+      ((FileOutputStream) underlyingStream).getFD().sync();
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/SeekableByteArrayInput.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/SeekableByteArrayInput.java
index 991fc44b4e8..49994a9bc8e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/SeekableByteArrayInput.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/file/SeekableByteArrayInput.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /** A {@link SeekableInput} backed with data in a byte array. */
@@ -34,8 +35,12 @@ public long length() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public void seek(long p) throws IOException {
-    this.reset();
-    this.skip(p);
+    if (p >= this.count) {
+      throw new EOFException();
+    }
+    if (p >= 0) {
+      this.pos = (int) p;
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericData.java
index 8f7391f5934..6db0a40eee6 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericData.java
@@ -26,14 +26,15 @@
 import java.util.AbstractList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException;
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@
 import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import org.apache.avro.util.springframework.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.util.springframework.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.ReferenceType.WEAK;
 
 /**
  * Utilities for generic Java data. See {@link GenericRecordBuilder} for a
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ public GenericData() {
   /** For subclasses. GenericData does not use a ClassLoader. */
   public GenericData(ClassLoader classLoader) {
     this.classLoader = (classLoader != null) ? classLoader : getClass().getClassLoader();
+    loadConversions();
   }
 
   /** Return the class loader that's used (by subclasses). */
@@ -121,6 +126,17 @@ public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
     return classLoader;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Use the Java 6 ServiceLoader to load conversions.
+   *
+   * @see #addLogicalTypeConversion(Conversion)
+   */
+  private void loadConversions() {
+    for (Conversion<?> conversion : ServiceLoader.load(Conversion.class, classLoader)) {
+      addLogicalTypeConversion(conversion);
+    }
+  }
+
   private Map<String, Conversion<?>> conversions = new HashMap<>();
 
   private Map<Class<?>, Map<String, Conversion<?>>> conversionsByClass = new IdentityHashMap<>();
@@ -131,19 +147,17 @@ public Collection<Conversion<?>> getConversions() {
 
   /**
    * Registers the given conversion to be used when reading and writing with this
-   * data model.
+   * data model. Conversions can also be registered automatically, as documented
+   * on the class {@link Conversion Conversion&lt;T&gt;}.
    *
    * @param conversion a logical type Conversion.
    */
   public void addLogicalTypeConversion(Conversion<?> conversion) {
     conversions.put(conversion.getLogicalTypeName(), conversion);
     Class<?> type = conversion.getConvertedType();
-    Map<String, Conversion<?>> conversions = conversionsByClass.get(type);
-    if (conversions == null) {
-      conversions = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-      conversionsByClass.put(type, conversions);
-    }
-    conversions.put(conversion.getLogicalTypeName(), conversion);
+    Map<String, Conversion<?>> conversionsForClass = conversionsByClass.computeIfAbsent(type,
+        k -> new LinkedHashMap<>());
+    conversionsForClass.put(conversion.getLogicalTypeName(), conversion);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -184,11 +198,11 @@ public <T> Conversion<T> getConversionByClass(Class<T> datumClass, LogicalType l
    * @return the conversion for the logical type, or null
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public Conversion<Object> getConversionFor(LogicalType logicalType) {
+  public <T> Conversion<T> getConversionFor(LogicalType logicalType) {
     if (logicalType == null) {
       return null;
     }
-    return (Conversion<Object>) conversions.get(logicalType.getName());
+    return (Conversion<T>) conversions.get(logicalType.getName());
   }
 
   public static final String FAST_READER_PROP = "org.apache.avro.fastread";
@@ -303,30 +317,16 @@ public String toString() {
     }
   }
 
-  /** Default implementation of an array. */
-  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
-  public static class Array<T> extends AbstractList<T> implements GenericArray<T>, Comparable<GenericArray<T>> {
-    private static final Object[] EMPTY = new Object[0];
+  public static abstract class AbstractArray<T> extends AbstractList<T>
+      implements GenericArray<T>, Comparable<GenericArray<T>> {
     private final Schema schema;
-    private int size;
-    private Object[] elements = EMPTY;
 
-    public Array(int capacity, Schema schema) {
-      if (schema == null || !Type.ARRAY.equals(schema.getType()))
-        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not an array schema: " + schema);
-      this.schema = schema;
-      if (capacity != 0)
-        elements = new Object[capacity];
-    }
+    protected int size = 0;
 
-    public Array(Schema schema, Collection<T> c) {
+    public AbstractArray(Schema schema) {
       if (schema == null || !Type.ARRAY.equals(schema.getType()))
         throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not an array schema: " + schema);
       this.schema = schema;
-      if (c != null) {
-        elements = new Object[c.size()];
-        addAll(c);
-      }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -340,22 +340,26 @@ public int size() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void clear() {
-      // Let GC do its work
-      Arrays.fill(elements, 0, size, null);
+    public void reset() {
       size = 0;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void reset() {
-      size = 0;
+    public int compareTo(GenericArray<T> that) {
+      return GenericData.get().compare(this, that, this.getSchema());
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void prune() {
-      if (size < elements.length) {
-        Arrays.fill(elements, size, elements.length, null);
+    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
+      if (!(o instanceof Collection)) {
+        return false;
       }
+      return GenericData.get().compare(this, o, this.getSchema()) == 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return super.hashCode();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@ public boolean hasNext() {
 
         @Override
         public T next() {
-          return (T) elements[position++];
+          return AbstractArray.this.get(position++);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -380,6 +384,57 @@ public void remove() {
       };
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void reverse() {
+      int left = 0;
+      int right = size - 1;
+
+      while (left < right) {
+        this.swap(left, right);
+
+        left++;
+        right--;
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected abstract void swap(int index1, int index2);
+  }
+
+  /** Default implementation of an array. */
+  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
+  public static class Array<T> extends AbstractArray<T> {
+    private static final Object[] EMPTY = new Object[0];
+
+    private Object[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public Array(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new Object[capacity];
+    }
+
+    public Array(Schema schema, Collection<T> c) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new Object[c.size()];
+        addAll(c);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      // Let GC do its work
+      Arrays.fill(elements, 0, size, null);
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void prune() {
+      if (size < elements.length) {
+        Arrays.fill(elements, size, elements.length, null);
+      }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public T get(int i) {
       if (i >= size)
@@ -428,23 +483,10 @@ public T peek() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int compareTo(GenericArray<T> that) {
-      return GenericData.get().compare(this, that, this.getSchema());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void reverse() {
-      int left = 0;
-      int right = elements.length - 1;
-
-      while (left < right) {
-        Object tmp = elements[left];
-        elements[left] = elements[right];
-        elements[right] = tmp;
-
-        left++;
-        right--;
-      }
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      Object tmp = elements[index1];
+      elements[index1] = elements[index2];
+      elements[index2] = tmp;
     }
   }
 
@@ -704,7 +746,7 @@ protected void toString(Object datum, StringBuilder buffer, IdentityHashMap<Obje
       ByteBuffer bytes = ((ByteBuffer) datum).duplicate();
       writeEscapedString(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1.decode(bytes), buffer);
       buffer.append("\"");
-    } else if (isNanOrInfinity(datum) || isTemporal(datum)) {
+    } else if (isNanOrInfinity(datum) || isTemporal(datum) || datum instanceof UUID) {
       buffer.append("\"");
       buffer.append(datum);
       buffer.append("\"");
@@ -1092,39 +1134,62 @@ protected boolean isBoolean(Object datum) {
    * {@link #compare(Object,Object,Schema)}.
    */
   public int hashCode(Object o, Schema s) {
-    if (o == null)
-      return 0; // incomplete datum
-    int hashCode = 1;
-    switch (s.getType()) {
-    case RECORD:
-      for (Field f : s.getFields()) {
-        if (f.order() == Field.Order.IGNORE)
-          continue;
-        hashCode = hashCodeAdd(hashCode, getField(o, f.name(), f.pos()), f.schema());
+    HashCodeCalculator calculator = new HashCodeCalculator();
+    return calculator.hashCode(o, s);
+  }
+
+  class HashCodeCalculator {
+    private int counter = 10;
+
+    private int currentHashCode = 1;
+
+    public int hashCode(Object o, Schema s) {
+      if (o == null)
+        return 0; // incomplete datum
+
+      switch (s.getType()) {
+      case RECORD:
+        for (Field f : s.getFields()) {
+          if (this.shouldStop()) {
+            return this.currentHashCode;
+          }
+          if (f.order() == Field.Order.IGNORE)
+            continue;
+          Object fieldValue = ((IndexedRecord) o).get(f.pos());
+          this.currentHashCode = this.hashCodeAdd(fieldValue, f.schema());
+        }
+        return currentHashCode;
+      case ARRAY:
+        Collection<?> a = (Collection<?>) o;
+        Schema elementType = s.getElementType();
+        for (Object e : a) {
+          if (this.shouldStop()) {
+            return currentHashCode;
+          }
+          currentHashCode = this.hashCodeAdd(e, elementType);
+        }
+        return currentHashCode;
+      case UNION:
+        return hashCode(o, s.getTypes().get(GenericData.this.resolveUnion(s, o)));
+      case ENUM:
+        return s.getEnumOrdinal(o.toString());
+      case NULL:
+        return 0;
+      case STRING:
+        return (o instanceof Utf8 ? o : new Utf8(o.toString())).hashCode();
+      default:
+        return o.hashCode();
       }
-      return hashCode;
-    case ARRAY:
-      Collection<?> a = (Collection<?>) o;
-      Schema elementType = s.getElementType();
-      for (Object e : a)
-        hashCode = hashCodeAdd(hashCode, e, elementType);
-      return hashCode;
-    case UNION:
-      return hashCode(o, s.getTypes().get(resolveUnion(s, o)));
-    case ENUM:
-      return s.getEnumOrdinal(o.toString());
-    case NULL:
-      return 0;
-    case STRING:
-      return (o instanceof Utf8 ? o : new Utf8(o.toString())).hashCode();
-    default:
-      return o.hashCode();
     }
-  }
 
-  /** Add the hash code for an object into an accumulated hash code. */
-  protected int hashCodeAdd(int hashCode, Object o, Schema s) {
-    return 31 * hashCode + hashCode(o, s);
+    /** Add the hash code for an object into an accumulated hash code. */
+    protected int hashCodeAdd(Object o, Schema s) {
+      return 31 * this.currentHashCode + hashCode(o, s);
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldStop() {
+      return --counter <= 0;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1136,6 +1201,73 @@ public int compare(Object o1, Object o2, Schema s) {
     return compare(o1, o2, s, false);
   }
 
+  protected int compareMaps(final Map<?, ?> m1, final Map<?, ?> m2) {
+    if (m1 == m2) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (m1.isEmpty() && m2.isEmpty()) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (m1.size() != m2.size()) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Peek at keys, assuming they're all the same type within a Map
+     */
+    final Object key1 = m1.keySet().iterator().next();
+    final Object key2 = m2.keySet().iterator().next();
+    boolean utf8ToString = false;
+    boolean stringToUtf8 = false;
+
+    if (key1 instanceof Utf8 && key2 instanceof String) {
+      utf8ToString = true;
+    } else if (key1 instanceof String && key2 instanceof Utf8) {
+      stringToUtf8 = true;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      for (Map.Entry e : m1.entrySet()) {
+        final Object key = e.getKey();
+        Object lookupKey = key;
+        if (utf8ToString) {
+          lookupKey = key.toString();
+        } else if (stringToUtf8) {
+          lookupKey = new Utf8((String) lookupKey);
+        }
+        final Object value = e.getValue();
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (!(m2.get(lookupKey) == null && m2.containsKey(lookupKey))) {
+            return 1;
+          }
+        } else {
+          final Object value2 = m2.get(lookupKey);
+          if (value instanceof Utf8 && value2 instanceof String) {
+            if (!value.toString().equals(value2)) {
+              return 1;
+            }
+          } else if (value instanceof String && value2 instanceof Utf8) {
+            if (!new Utf8((String) value).equals(value2)) {
+              return 1;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (!value.equals(value2)) {
+              return 1;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (ClassCastException unused) {
+      return 1;
+    } catch (NullPointerException unused) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Comparison implementation. When equals is true, only checks for equality, not
    * for order.
@@ -1172,7 +1304,7 @@ protected int compare(Object o1, Object o2, Schema s, boolean equals) {
       return e1.hasNext() ? 1 : (e2.hasNext() ? -1 : 0);
     case MAP:
       if (equals)
-        return o1.equals(o2) ? 0 : 1;
+        return compareMaps((Map) o1, (Map) o2);
       throw new AvroRuntimeException("Can't compare maps!");
     case UNION:
       int i1 = resolveUnion(s, o1);
@@ -1189,7 +1321,7 @@ protected int compare(Object o1, Object o2, Schema s, boolean equals) {
     }
   }
 
-  private final Map<Field, Object> defaultValueCache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<>());
+  private final ConcurrentMap<Field, Object> defaultValueCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(128, WEAK);
 
   /**
    * Gets the default value of the given field, if any.
@@ -1209,28 +1341,20 @@ public Object getDefaultValue(Field field) {
     }
 
     // Check the cache
-    Object defaultValue = defaultValueCache.get(field);
-
     // If not cached, get the default Java value by encoding the default JSON
     // value and then decoding it:
-    if (defaultValue == null)
+    return defaultValueCache.computeIfAbsent(field, fieldToGetValueFor -> {
       try {
         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(baos, null);
-        Accessor.encode(encoder, field.schema(), json);
+        Accessor.encode(encoder, fieldToGetValueFor.schema(), json);
         encoder.flush();
         BinaryDecoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(baos.toByteArray(), null);
-        defaultValue = createDatumReader(field.schema()).read(null, decoder);
-
-        // this MAY result in two threads creating the same defaultValue
-        // and calling put. The last thread will win. However,
-        // that's not an issue.
-        defaultValueCache.put(field, defaultValue);
+        return createDatumReader(fieldToGetValueFor.schema()).read(null, decoder);
       } catch (IOException e) {
         throw new AvroRuntimeException(e);
       }
-
-    return defaultValue;
+    });
   }
 
   private static final Schema STRINGS = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
@@ -1403,8 +1527,24 @@ public Object newArray(Object old, int size, Schema schema) {
     } else if (old instanceof Collection) {
       ((Collection<?>) old).clear();
       return old;
-    } else
+    } else {
+      if (schema.getElementType().getType() == Type.INT) {
+        return new PrimitivesArrays.IntArray(size, schema);
+      }
+      if (schema.getElementType().getType() == Type.BOOLEAN) {
+        return new PrimitivesArrays.BooleanArray(size, schema);
+      }
+      if (schema.getElementType().getType() == Type.LONG) {
+        return new PrimitivesArrays.LongArray(size, schema);
+      }
+      if (schema.getElementType().getType() == Type.FLOAT) {
+        return new PrimitivesArrays.FloatArray(size, schema);
+      }
+      if (schema.getElementType().getType() == Type.DOUBLE) {
+        return new PrimitivesArrays.DoubleArray(size, schema);
+      }
       return new GenericData.Array<Object>(size, schema);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumReader.java
index e32db6e98b7..3c5d1316cb3 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumReader.java
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ protected Object readWithoutConversion(Object old, Schema expected, ResolvingDec
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert a underlying representation of a logical type (such as a ByteBuffer)
+   * Convert an underlying representation of a logical type (such as a ByteBuffer)
    * to a higher level object (such as a BigDecimal).
    *
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a null schema or logicalType is passed in
@@ -452,14 +452,14 @@ protected Object newMap(Object old, int size) {
    * representation. By default, this calls {@link #readString(Object,Decoder)}.
    */
   protected Object readString(Object old, Schema expected, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-    Class stringClass = getStringClass(expected);
+    Class stringClass = this.getReaderCache().getStringClass(expected);
     if (stringClass == String.class) {
       return in.readString();
     }
     if (stringClass == CharSequence.class) {
       return readString(old, in);
     }
-    return newInstanceFromString(stringClass, in.readString());
+    return this.newInstanceFromString(stringClass, in.readString());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -498,34 +498,88 @@ protected Class findStringClass(Schema schema) {
     }
   }
 
-  private Map<Schema, Class> stringClassCache = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+  /**
+   * This class is used to reproduce part of IdentityHashMap in ConcurrentHashMap
+   * code.
+   */
+  private static final class IdentitySchemaKey {
+    private final Schema schema;
+
+    private final int hashcode;
+
+    public IdentitySchemaKey(Schema schema) {
+      this.schema = schema;
+      this.hashcode = System.identityHashCode(schema);
+    }
 
-  private Class getStringClass(Schema s) {
-    Class c = stringClassCache.get(s);
-    if (c == null) {
-      c = findStringClass(s);
-      stringClassCache.put(s, c);
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return this.hashcode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof GenericDatumReader.IdentitySchemaKey)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      IdentitySchemaKey key = (IdentitySchemaKey) obj;
+      return this == key || this.schema == key.schema;
     }
-    return c;
   }
 
-  private final Map<Class, Constructor> stringCtorCache = new HashMap<>();
+  // VisibleForTesting
+  static class ReaderCache {
+    private final Map<IdentitySchemaKey, Class> stringClassCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  protected Object newInstanceFromString(Class c, String s) {
-    try {
-      Constructor ctor = stringCtorCache.get(c);
-      if (ctor == null) {
+    private final Map<Class, Function<String, Object>> stringCtorCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    private final Function<Schema, Class> findStringClass;
+
+    public ReaderCache(Function<Schema, Class> findStringClass) {
+      this.findStringClass = findStringClass;
+    }
+
+    public Object newInstanceFromString(Class c, String s) {
+      final Function<String, Object> ctor = stringCtorCache.computeIfAbsent(c, this::buildFunction);
+      return ctor.apply(s);
+    }
+
+    private Function<String, Object> buildFunction(Class c) {
+      final Constructor ctor;
+      try {
         ctor = c.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
-        ctor.setAccessible(true);
-        stringCtorCache.put(c, ctor);
+      } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException(e);
       }
-      return ctor.newInstance(s);
-    } catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {
-      throw new AvroRuntimeException(e);
+      ctor.setAccessible(true);
+
+      return (String s) -> {
+        try {
+          return ctor.newInstance(s);
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+          throw new AvroRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    public Class getStringClass(final Schema s) {
+      final IdentitySchemaKey key = new IdentitySchemaKey(s);
+      return this.stringClassCache.computeIfAbsent(key, (IdentitySchemaKey k) -> this.findStringClass.apply(k.schema));
     }
   }
 
+  private final ReaderCache readerCache = new ReaderCache(this::findStringClass);
+
+  // VisibleForTesting
+  ReaderCache getReaderCache() {
+    return readerCache;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  protected Object newInstanceFromString(Class c, String s) {
+    return this.getReaderCache().newInstanceFromString(c, s);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Called to read byte arrays. Subclasses may override to use a different byte
    * array representation. By default, this calls
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumWriter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumWriter.java
index 77d01e98c2c..deeac0b1f2b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDatumWriter.java
@@ -32,9 +32,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingAvroTypeException;
 import org.apache.avro.UnresolvedUnionException;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
+import org.apache.avro.path.ArrayPositionPredicate;
+import org.apache.avro.path.LocationStep;
+import org.apache.avro.path.MapKeyPredicate;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingClassCastException;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingNullPointException;
+import org.apache.avro.path.UnionTypePredicate;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaUtil;
 
 /** {@link DatumWriter} for generic Java objects. */
 public class GenericDatumWriter<D> implements DatumWriter<D> {
@@ -70,7 +78,11 @@ public void setSchema(Schema root) {
 
   public void write(D datum, Encoder out) throws IOException {
     Objects.requireNonNull(out, "Encoder cannot be null");
-    write(root, datum, out);
+    try {
+      write(root, datum, out);
+    } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+      throw e.summarize(root);
+    }
   }
 
   /** Called to write data. */
@@ -86,7 +98,7 @@ protected void write(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOExceptio
 
   /**
    * Convert a high level representation of a logical type (such as a BigDecimal)
-   * to the its underlying representation object (such as a ByteBuffer).
+   * to its underlying representation object (such as a ByteBuffer).
    *
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a null schema or logicalType is passed in
    *                                  while datum and conversion are not null.
@@ -125,8 +137,10 @@ protected <T> Object convert(Schema schema, LogicalType logicalType, Conversion<
 
   /** Called to write data. */
   protected void writeWithoutConversion(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOException {
+    int unionIndex = -1;
+    Schema.Type schemaType = schema.getType();
     try {
-      switch (schema.getType()) {
+      switch (schemaType) {
       case RECORD:
         writeRecord(schema, datum, out);
         break;
@@ -140,9 +154,9 @@ protected void writeWithoutConversion(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out)
         writeMap(schema, datum, out);
         break;
       case UNION:
-        int index = resolveUnion(schema, datum);
-        out.writeIndex(index);
-        write(schema.getTypes().get(index), datum, out);
+        unionIndex = resolveUnion(schema, datum);
+        out.writeIndex(unionIndex);
+        write(schema.getTypes().get(unionIndex), datum, out);
         break;
       case FIXED:
         writeFixed(schema, datum, out);
@@ -174,8 +188,18 @@ protected void writeWithoutConversion(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out)
       default:
         error(schema, datum);
       }
+    } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+      if (schemaType == Schema.Type.UNION) {
+        e.tracePath(new UnionTypePredicate(schema.getTypes().get(unionIndex).getName()));
+      }
+      // writeArray() and writeMap() have their own handling
+      throw e;
     } catch (NullPointerException e) {
-      throw npe(e, " of " + schema.getFullName());
+      throw new TracingNullPointException(e, schema, false);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new TracingClassCastException(e, datum, schema, false);
+    } catch (AvroTypeException e) {
+      throw new TracingAvroTypeException(e);
     }
   }
 
@@ -223,6 +247,9 @@ protected void writeField(Object datum, Field f, Encoder out, Object state) thro
       final UnresolvedUnionException unresolvedUnionException = new UnresolvedUnionException(f.schema(), f, value);
       unresolvedUnionException.addSuppressed(uue);
       throw unresolvedUnionException;
+    } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+      e.tracePath(new LocationStep(".", f.name()));
+      throw e;
     } catch (NullPointerException e) {
       throw npe(e, " in field " + f.name());
     } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
@@ -237,8 +264,11 @@ protected void writeField(Object datum, Field f, Encoder out, Object state) thro
    * representations.
    */
   protected void writeEnum(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-    if (!data.isEnum(datum))
-      throw new AvroTypeException("Not an enum: " + datum + " for schema: " + schema);
+    if (!data.isEnum(datum)) {
+      AvroTypeException cause = new AvroTypeException(
+          "value " + SchemaUtil.describe(datum) + " is not a " + SchemaUtil.describe(schema));
+      throw new TracingAvroTypeException(cause);
+    }
     out.writeEnum(schema.getEnumOrdinal(datum.toString()));
   }
 
@@ -254,7 +284,12 @@ protected void writeArray(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOExc
     out.setItemCount(size);
     for (Iterator<? extends Object> it = getArrayElements(datum); it.hasNext();) {
       out.startItem();
-      write(element, it.next(), out);
+      try {
+        write(element, it.next(), out);
+      } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+        e.tracePath(new ArrayPositionPredicate(actualSize));
+        throw e;
+      }
       actualSize++;
     }
     out.writeArrayEnd();
@@ -276,18 +311,16 @@ protected int resolveUnion(Schema union, Object datum) {
    * Called by the default implementation of {@link #writeArray} to get the size
    * of an array. The default implementation is for {@link Collection}.
    */
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   protected long getArraySize(Object array) {
-    return ((Collection) array).size();
+    return ((Collection<?>) array).size();
   }
 
   /**
    * Called by the default implementation of {@link #writeArray} to enumerate
    * array elements. The default implementation is for {@link Collection}.
    */
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  protected Iterator<? extends Object> getArrayElements(Object array) {
-    return ((Collection) array).iterator();
+  protected Iterator<?> getArrayElements(Object array) {
+    return ((Collection<?>) array).iterator();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -301,8 +334,21 @@ protected void writeMap(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOExcep
     out.setItemCount(size);
     for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : getMapEntries(datum)) {
       out.startItem();
-      writeString(entry.getKey().toString(), out);
-      write(value, entry.getValue(), out);
+      String key;
+      try {
+        key = entry.getKey().toString();
+      } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
+        TracingNullPointException tnpe = new TracingNullPointException(npe, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), false);
+        tnpe.tracePath(new MapKeyPredicate(null));
+        throw tnpe;
+      }
+      writeString(key, out);
+      try {
+        write(value, entry.getValue(), out);
+      } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+        e.tracePath(new MapKeyPredicate(key));
+        throw e;
+      }
       actualSize++;
     }
     out.writeMapEnd();
@@ -363,7 +409,7 @@ protected void writeFixed(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOExc
   }
 
   private void error(Schema schema, Object datum) {
-    throw new AvroTypeException("Not a " + schema + ": " + datum);
+    throw new AvroTypeException("value " + SchemaUtil.describe(datum) + " is not a " + SchemaUtil.describe(schema));
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArrays.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArrays.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d34ce0f5bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArrays.java
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.generic;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+public class PrimitivesArrays {
+
+  public static class IntArray extends GenericData.AbstractArray<Integer> {
+    private static final int[] EMPTY = new int[0];
+
+    private int[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public IntArray(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (!Schema.Type.INT.equals(schema.getElementType().getType()))
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a int array schema: " + schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new int[capacity];
+    }
+
+    public IntArray(Schema schema, Collection<Integer> c) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new int[c.size()];
+        addAll(c);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer get(int i) {
+      return this.getInt(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct primitive int access.
+     * 
+     * @param i : index.
+     * @return value at index.
+     */
+    public int getInt(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      return elements[i];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int location, Integer o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.add(location, o.intValue());
+    }
+
+    public void add(int location, int o) {
+      if (location > size || location < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + location + " out of bounds.");
+      }
+      if (size == elements.length) {
+        // Increase size by 1.5x + 1
+        final int newSize = size + (size >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newSize);
+      }
+      System.arraycopy(elements, location, elements, location + 1, size - location);
+      elements[location] = o;
+      size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer set(int i, Integer o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return this.set(i, o.intValue());
+    }
+
+    public int set(int i, int o) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      int response = elements[i];
+      elements[i] = o;
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer remove(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      int result = elements[i];
+      --size;
+      System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, (size - i));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer peek() {
+      return (size < elements.length) ? elements[size] : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      int tmp = elements[index1];
+      elements[index1] = elements[index2];
+      elements[index2] = tmp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class LongArray extends GenericData.AbstractArray<Long> {
+    private static final long[] EMPTY = new long[0];
+
+    private long[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public LongArray(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (!Schema.Type.LONG.equals(schema.getElementType().getType()))
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a long array schema: " + schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new long[capacity];
+    }
+
+    public LongArray(Schema schema, Collection<Long> c) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new long[c.size()];
+        addAll(c);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long get(int i) {
+      return getLong(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct primitive int access.
+     * 
+     * @param i : index.
+     * @return value at index.
+     */
+    public long getLong(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      return elements[i];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int location, Long o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.add(location, o.longValue());
+    }
+
+    public void add(int location, long o) {
+      if (location > size || location < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + location + " out of bounds.");
+      }
+      if (size == elements.length) {
+        // Increase size by 1.5x + 1
+        final int newSize = size + (size >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newSize);
+      }
+      System.arraycopy(elements, location, elements, location + 1, size - location);
+      elements[location] = o;
+      size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long set(int i, Long o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return this.set(i, o.longValue());
+    }
+
+    public long set(int i, long o) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      long response = elements[i];
+      elements[i] = o;
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long remove(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      long result = elements[i];
+      --size;
+      System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, (size - i));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long peek() {
+      return (size < elements.length) ? elements[size] : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      long tmp = elements[index1];
+      elements[index1] = elements[index2];
+      elements[index2] = tmp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class BooleanArray extends GenericData.AbstractArray<Boolean> {
+    private static final byte[] EMPTY = new byte[0];
+
+    private byte[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public BooleanArray(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (!Schema.Type.BOOLEAN.equals(schema.getElementType().getType()))
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a boolean array schema: " + schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new byte[1 + (capacity / Byte.SIZE)];
+    }
+
+    public BooleanArray(Schema schema, Collection<Boolean> c) {
+      super(schema);
+
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new byte[1 + (c.size() / 8)];
+        if (c instanceof BooleanArray) {
+          BooleanArray other = (BooleanArray) c;
+          this.size = other.size;
+          System.arraycopy(other.elements, 0, this.elements, 0, other.elements.length);
+        } else {
+          addAll(c);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean get(int i) {
+      return this.getBoolean(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct primitive int access.
+     * 
+     * @param i : index.
+     * @return value at index.
+     */
+    public boolean getBoolean(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      return (elements[i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8))) > 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean add(final Boolean o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return this.add(o.booleanValue());
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final boolean o) {
+      if (this.size == elements.length * 8) {
+        final int newLength = elements.length + (elements.length >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newLength);
+      }
+      this.size++;
+      this.set(this.size - 1, o);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int location, Boolean o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.add(location, o.booleanValue());
+    }
+
+    public void add(int location, boolean o) {
+      if (location > size || location < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + location + " out of bounds.");
+      }
+      if (size == elements.length * 8) {
+        // Increase size by 1.5x + 1
+        final int newLength = elements.length + (elements.length >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newLength);
+      }
+      size++;
+      for (int index = this.size / 8; index > (location / 8); index--) {
+        elements[index] <<= 1;
+        if (index > 0 && (elements[index - 1] & (1 << Byte.SIZE)) > 0) {
+          elements[index] |= 1;
+        }
+      }
+      byte pos = (byte) (1 << (location % Byte.SIZE));
+      byte highbits = (byte) ~(pos + (pos - 1));
+      byte lowbits = (byte) (pos - 1);
+      byte currentHigh = (byte) ((elements[location / 8] & highbits) << 1);
+      byte currentLow = (byte) (elements[location / 8] & lowbits);
+      if (o) {
+        elements[location / 8] = (byte) (currentHigh | currentLow | pos);
+      } else {
+        elements[location / 8] = (byte) (currentHigh | currentLow);
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean set(int i, Boolean o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return this.set(i, o.booleanValue());
+    }
+
+    public boolean set(int i, boolean o) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      boolean response = (elements[i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8))) > 0;
+      if (o) {
+        elements[i / 8] |= 1 << (i % 8);
+      } else {
+        elements[i / 8] &= 0xFF - (1 << (i % 8));
+      }
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean remove(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      boolean result = (elements[(i / 8)] & (1 << (i % 8))) > 0;
+      --size;
+
+      byte memo = 0;
+      if ((i / 8) + 1 < elements.length) {
+        memo = (byte) ((1 & (elements[(i / 8) + 1])) << 7);
+      }
+      for (int index = (i / 8) + 1; index <= (size / 8); index++) {
+        elements[index] = (byte) ((elements[index] & 0xff) >>> 1);
+        if (index + 1 < elements.length && (elements[index + 1] & 1) == 1) {
+          elements[index] |= 1 << (Byte.SIZE - 1);
+        }
+      }
+      // 87654321 => <memo>8764321
+      byte start = (byte) ((1 << ((i + 1) % 8)) - 1);
+      byte end = (byte) ~start;
+      elements[i / 8] = (byte) ((((start & 0xff) >>> 1) & elements[i / 8]) // 1234
+          | (end & (elements[i / 8] >> 1)) // 876
+          | memo);
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean peek() {
+      return (size < elements.length * Byte.SIZE) ? (elements[(size / 8)] & (1 << (size % 8))) > 0 : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      boolean tmp = this.get(index1);
+      this.set(index1, this.get(index2));
+      this.set(index2, tmp);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class FloatArray extends GenericData.AbstractArray<Float> {
+    private static final float[] EMPTY = new float[0];
+
+    private float[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public FloatArray(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (!Schema.Type.FLOAT.equals(schema.getElementType().getType()))
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a float array schema: " + schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new float[capacity];
+    }
+
+    public FloatArray(Schema schema, Collection<Float> c) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new float[c.size()];
+        addAll(c);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Float get(int i) {
+      return this.getFloat(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct primitive int access.
+     * 
+     * @param i : index.
+     * @return value at index.
+     */
+    public float getFloat(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      return elements[i];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int location, Float o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.add(location, o.floatValue());
+    }
+
+    public void add(int location, float o) {
+      if (location > size || location < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + location + " out of bounds.");
+      }
+      if (size == elements.length) {
+        // Increase size by 1.5x + 1
+        final int newSize = size + (size >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newSize);
+      }
+      System.arraycopy(elements, location, elements, location + 1, size - location);
+      elements[location] = o;
+      size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Float set(int i, Float o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return this.set(i, o.floatValue());
+    }
+
+    public float set(int i, float o) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      float response = elements[i];
+      elements[i] = o;
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Float remove(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      float result = elements[i];
+      --size;
+      System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, (size - i));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Float peek() {
+      return (size < elements.length) ? elements[size] : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      float tmp = this.get(index1);
+      this.set(index1, this.get(index2));
+      this.set(index2, tmp);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class DoubleArray extends GenericData.AbstractArray<Double> {
+    private static final double[] EMPTY = new double[0];
+
+    private double[] elements = EMPTY;
+
+    public DoubleArray(int capacity, Schema schema) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (!Schema.Type.DOUBLE.equals(schema.getElementType().getType()))
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Not a double array schema: " + schema);
+      if (capacity != 0)
+        elements = new double[capacity];
+    }
+
+    public DoubleArray(Schema schema, Collection<Double> c) {
+      super(schema);
+      if (c != null) {
+        elements = new double[c.size()];
+        addAll(c);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      size = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double get(int i) {
+      return this.getDouble(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Direct primitive int access.
+     * 
+     * @param i : index.
+     * @return value at index.
+     */
+    public double getDouble(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      return elements[i];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int location, Double o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.add(location, o.floatValue());
+    }
+
+    public void add(int location, double o) {
+      if (location > size || location < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + location + " out of bounds.");
+      }
+      if (size == elements.length) {
+        // Increase size by 1.5x + 1
+        final int newSize = size + (size >> 1) + 1;
+        elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, newSize);
+      }
+      System.arraycopy(elements, location, elements, location + 1, size - location);
+      elements[location] = o;
+      size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double set(int i, Double o) {
+      if (o == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return this.set(i, o.floatValue());
+    }
+
+    public double set(int i, double o) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      double response = elements[i];
+      elements[i] = o;
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double remove(int i) {
+      if (i >= size)
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds.");
+      double result = elements[i];
+      --size;
+      System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, (size - i));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double peek() {
+      return (size < elements.length) ? elements[size] : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void swap(final int index1, final int index2) {
+      double tmp = this.get(index1);
+      this.set(index1, this.get(index2));
+      this.set(index2, tmp);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryDecoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryDecoder.java
index 44d2b764009..7217be3addd 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryDecoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryDecoder.java
@@ -17,18 +17,17 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.InvalidNumberEncodingException;
+import org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
+
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
-import org.apache.avro.InvalidNumberEncodingException;
-import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 /**
  * An {@link Decoder} for binary-format data.
  * <p/>
@@ -39,27 +38,20 @@
  * can be accessed by inputStream().remaining(), if the BinaryDecoder is not
  * 'direct'.
  * <p/>
- * To prevent this class from making large allocations when handling potentially
- * pathological input data, set Java properties
- * <tt>org.apache.avro.limits.string.maxLength</tt> and
- * <tt>org.apache.avro.limits.bytes.maxLength</tt> before instantiating this
- * class to limit the maximum sizes of <tt>string</tt> and <tt>bytes</tt> types
- * handled. The default is to permit sizes up to Java's maximum array length.
  *
  * @see Encoder
+ * @see SystemLimitException
  */
 
 public class BinaryDecoder extends Decoder {
 
   /**
-   * The maximum size of array to allocate. Some VMs reserve some header words in
-   * an array. Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in OutOfMemoryError:
-   * Requested array size exceeds VM limit
+   * When reading a collection (MAP or ARRAY), this keeps track of the number of
+   * elements to ensure that the
+   * {@link SystemLimitException#checkMaxCollectionLength} constraint is
+   * respected.
    */
-  static final long MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = (long) Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8L;
-
-  private static final String MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.limits.bytes.maxLength";
-  private final int maxBytesLength;
+  private long collectionCount = 0L;
 
   private ByteSource source = null;
   // we keep the buffer and its state variables in this class and not in a
@@ -99,17 +91,6 @@ void clearBuf() {
   /** protected constructor for child classes */
   protected BinaryDecoder() {
     super();
-    String o = System.getProperty(MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
-    int i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-    if (o != null) {
-      try {
-        i = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(o);
-      } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
-        LoggerFactory.getLogger(BinaryDecoder.class)
-            .warn("Could not parse property " + MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY + ": " + o, nfe);
-      }
-    }
-    maxBytesLength = i;
   }
 
   BinaryDecoder(InputStream in, int bufferSize) {
@@ -300,17 +281,11 @@ public double readDouble() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public Utf8 readString(Utf8 old) throws IOException {
-    long length = readLong();
-    if (length > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) {
-      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot read strings longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + " bytes");
-    }
-    if (length < 0L) {
-      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + length);
-    }
+    int length = SystemLimitException.checkMaxStringLength(readLong());
     Utf8 result = (old != null ? old : new Utf8());
-    result.setByteLength((int) length);
-    if (0L != length) {
-      doReadBytes(result.getBytes(), 0, (int) length);
+    result.setByteLength(length);
+    if (0 != length) {
+      doReadBytes(result.getBytes(), 0, length);
     }
     return result;
   }
@@ -329,25 +304,16 @@ public void skipString() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public ByteBuffer readBytes(ByteBuffer old) throws IOException {
-    int length = readInt();
-    if (length > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) {
-      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot read arrays longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + " bytes");
-    }
-    if (length > maxBytesLength) {
-      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Bytes length " + length + " exceeds maximum allowed");
-    }
-    if (length < 0L) {
-      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Malformed data. Length is negative: " + length);
-    }
+    int length = SystemLimitException.checkMaxBytesLength(readLong());
     final ByteBuffer result;
     if (old != null && length <= old.capacity()) {
       result = old;
-      ((Buffer) result).clear();
+      result.clear();
     } else {
       result = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
     }
     doReadBytes(result.array(), result.position(), length);
-    ((Buffer) result).limit(length);
+    result.limit(length);
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -372,6 +338,9 @@ public int readEnum() throws IOException {
   }
 
   protected void doSkipBytes(long length) throws IOException {
+    if (length <= 0) {
+      return;
+    }
     int remaining = limit - pos;
     if (length <= remaining) {
       pos = (int) (pos + length);
@@ -443,7 +412,6 @@ protected long doReadItemCount() throws IOException {
    * @return Zero if there are no more items to skip and end of array/map is
    *         reached. Positive number if some items are found that cannot be
    *         skipped and the client needs to skip them individually.
-   *
    * @throws IOException If the first byte cannot be read for any reason other
    *                     than the end of the file, if the input stream has been
    *                     closed, or if some other I/O error occurs.
@@ -460,12 +428,15 @@ private long doSkipItems() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public long readArrayStart() throws IOException {
-    return doReadItemCount();
+    collectionCount = SystemLimitException.checkMaxCollectionLength(0L, doReadItemCount());
+    return collectionCount;
   }
 
   @Override
   public long arrayNext() throws IOException {
-    return doReadItemCount();
+    long length = doReadItemCount();
+    collectionCount = SystemLimitException.checkMaxCollectionLength(collectionCount, length);
+    return length;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -475,12 +446,15 @@ public long skipArray() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public long readMapStart() throws IOException {
-    return doReadItemCount();
+    collectionCount = SystemLimitException.checkMaxCollectionLength(0L, doReadItemCount());
+    return collectionCount;
   }
 
   @Override
   public long mapNext() throws IOException {
-    return doReadItemCount();
+    long length = doReadItemCount();
+    collectionCount = SystemLimitException.checkMaxCollectionLength(collectionCount, length);
+    return length;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -556,7 +530,7 @@ public InputStream inputStream() {
 
   /**
    * BufferAccessor is used by BinaryEncoder to enable {@link ByteSource}s and the
-   * InputStream returned by {@link BinaryDecoder.inputStream} to access the
+   * InputStream returned by {@link BinaryDecoder#inputStream} to access the
    * BinaryEncoder's buffer. When a BufferAccessor is created, it is attached to a
    * BinaryDecoder and its buffer. Its accessors directly reference the
    * BinaryDecoder's buffer. When detach() is called, it stores references to the
@@ -649,15 +623,15 @@ void setBuf(byte[] buf, int offset, int length) {
    * stronger guarantees than InputStream, freeing client code to be simplified
    * and faster.
    * <p/>
-   * {@link skipSourceBytes} and {@link readRaw} are guaranteed to have read or
+   * {@link #skipSourceBytes} and {@link #readRaw} are guaranteed to have read or
    * skipped as many bytes as possible, or throw EOFException.
-   * {@link trySkipBytes} and {@link tryRead} are guaranteed to attempt to read or
-   * skip as many bytes as possible and never throw EOFException, while returning
-   * the exact number of bytes skipped or read. {@link isEof} returns true if all
-   * the source bytes have been read or skipped. This condition can also be
-   * detected by a client if an EOFException is thrown from
-   * {@link skipSourceBytes} or {@link readRaw}, or if {@link trySkipBytes} or
-   * {@link tryRead} return 0;
+   * {@link #trySkipBytes} and {@link #tryReadRaw} are guaranteed to attempt to
+   * read or skip as many bytes as possible and never throw EOFException, while
+   * returning the exact number of bytes skipped or read. {@link #isEof} returns
+   * true if all the source bytes have been read or skipped. This condition can
+   * also be detected by a client if an EOFException is thrown from
+   * {@link #skipSourceBytes} or {@link #readRaw}, or if {@link #trySkipBytes} or
+   * {@link #tryReadRaw} return 0;
    * <p/>
    * A ByteSource also implements the InputStream contract for use by APIs that
    * require it. The InputStream interface must take into account buffering in any
@@ -932,7 +906,6 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
   /**
    * This byte source is special. It will avoid copying data by using the source's
    * byte[] as a buffer in the decoder.
-   *
    */
   private static class ByteArrayByteSource extends ByteSource {
     private static final int MIN_SIZE = 16;
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryEncoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryEncoder.java
index 22d0326165c..aacb83b88f4 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryEncoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BinaryEncoder.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public void writeString(Utf8 utf8) throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public void writeString(String string) throws IOException {
-    if (0 == string.length()) {
+    if (string.isEmpty()) {
       writeZero();
       return;
     }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ef2375e640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.io;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * An {@link Encoder} for Avro's binary encoding that does not buffer output.
+ * <p/>
+ * This encoder does not buffer writes in contrast to
+ * {@link BufferedBinaryEncoder}. However, it is lighter-weight and useful when:
+ * The buffering in BufferedBinaryEncoder is not desired because you buffer a
+ * different level or the Encoder is very short-lived.
+ * </p>
+ * The BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder will encode the number of bytes of the Map
+ * and Array blocks. This will allow to postpone the decoding, or skip over it
+ * at all.
+ * <p/>
+ * To construct, use
+ * {@link EncoderFactory#blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)}
+ * <p/>
+ * {@link BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder} instances returned by this method are not
+ * thread-safe
+ *
+ * @see BinaryEncoder
+ * @see EncoderFactory
+ * @see Encoder
+ * @see Decoder
+ */
+public class BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder extends DirectBinaryEncoder {
+  private final ArrayList<BufferOutputStream> buffers;
+
+  private final ArrayDeque<OutputStream> stashedBuffers;
+
+  private int depth = 0;
+
+  private final ArrayDeque<Long> blockItemCounts;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a writer that sends its output to the underlying stream
+   * <code>out</code>.
+   *
+   * @param out The Outputstream to write to
+   */
+  public BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder(OutputStream out) {
+    super(out);
+    this.buffers = new ArrayList<>();
+    this.stashedBuffers = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    this.blockItemCounts = new ArrayDeque<>();
+  }
+
+  private void startBlock() {
+    stashedBuffers.push(out);
+    if (this.buffers.size() <= depth) {
+      this.buffers.add(new BufferOutputStream());
+    }
+    BufferOutputStream buf = buffers.get(depth);
+    buf.reset();
+    this.depth += 1;
+    this.out = buf;
+  }
+
+  private void endBlock() {
+    if (depth == 0) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Called endBlock, while not buffering a block");
+    }
+    this.depth -= 1;
+    out = stashedBuffers.pop();
+    BufferOutputStream buffer = this.buffers.get(depth);
+    long blockItemCount = blockItemCounts.pop();
+    if (blockItemCount > 0) {
+      try {
+        // Make it negative, so the reader knows that the number of bytes is coming
+        writeLong(-blockItemCount);
+        writeLong(buffer.size());
+        writeFixed(buffer.toBufferWithoutCopy());
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setItemCount(long itemCount) throws IOException {
+    blockItemCounts.push(itemCount);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeArrayStart() throws IOException {
+    startBlock();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeArrayEnd() throws IOException {
+    endBlock();
+    // Writes another zero to indicate that this is the last block
+    super.writeArrayEnd();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMapStart() throws IOException {
+    startBlock();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMapEnd() throws IOException {
+    endBlock();
+    // Writes another zero to indicate that this is the last block
+    super.writeMapEnd();
+  }
+
+  private static class BufferOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
+    BufferOutputStream() {
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer toBufferWithoutCopy() {
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(buf, 0, count);
+    }
+
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryDecoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryDecoder.java
index 7b056556693..71f3ed593af 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryDecoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryDecoder.java
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import org.apache.avro.InvalidNumberEncodingException;
+import org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ByteBufferInputStream;
 
 /**
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ class DirectBinaryDecoder extends BinaryDecoder {
 
   private class ByteReader {
     public ByteBuffer read(ByteBuffer old, int length) throws IOException {
-      ByteBuffer result;
+      final ByteBuffer result;
       if (old != null && length <= old.capacity()) {
         result = old;
-        ((Buffer) result).clear();
+        result.clear();
       } else {
         result = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
       }
       doReadBytes(result.array(), result.position(), length);
-      ((Buffer) result).limit(length);
+      result.limit(length);
       return result;
     }
   }
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ public ByteBuffer read(ByteBuffer old, int length) throws IOException {
         return bbi.readBuffer(length);
       }
     }
-
   }
 
   private ByteReader byteReader;
@@ -156,8 +155,8 @@ public double readDouble() throws IOException {
 
   @Override
   public ByteBuffer readBytes(ByteBuffer old) throws IOException {
-    int length = readInt();
-    return byteReader.read(old, length);
+    long length = readLong();
+    return byteReader.read(old, SystemLimitException.checkMaxBytesLength(length));
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryEncoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryEncoder.java
index 62b2a482627..df7c118b648 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryEncoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/DirectBinaryEncoder.java
@@ -27,20 +27,20 @@
  * This encoder does not buffer writes, and as a result is slower than
  * {@link BufferedBinaryEncoder}. However, it is lighter-weight and useful when
  * the buffering in BufferedBinaryEncoder is not desired and/or the Encoder is
- * very short lived.
+ * very short-lived.
  * <p/>
  * To construct, use
  * {@link EncoderFactory#directBinaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)}
  * <p/>
  * DirectBinaryEncoder is not thread-safe
- * 
+ *
  * @see BinaryEncoder
  * @see EncoderFactory
  * @see Encoder
  * @see Decoder
  */
 public class DirectBinaryEncoder extends BinaryEncoder {
-  private OutputStream out;
+  protected OutputStream out;
   // the buffer is used for writing floats, doubles, and large longs.
   private final byte[] buf = new byte[12];
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class DirectBinaryEncoder extends BinaryEncoder {
    * Create a writer that sends its output to the underlying stream
    * <code>out</code>.
    **/
-  DirectBinaryEncoder(OutputStream out) {
+  protected DirectBinaryEncoder(OutputStream out) {
     configure(out);
   }
 
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ public void writeBoolean(boolean b) throws IOException {
   }
 
   /*
-   * buffering is slower for ints that encode to just 1 or two bytes, and and
-   * faster for large ones. (Sun JRE 1.6u22, x64 -server)
+   * buffering is slower for ints that encode to just 1 or two bytes, and faster
+   * for large ones. (Sun JRE 1.6u22, x64 -server)
    */
   @Override
   public void writeInt(int n) throws IOException {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/EncoderFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/EncoderFactory.java
index 0188a29637d..2039f30097a 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/EncoderFactory.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/EncoderFactory.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
@@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ public static EncoderFactory get() {
    *             likely to improve performance but may be useful for the
    *             downstream OutputStream.
    * @return This factory, to enable method chaining:
-   * 
+   *
    *         <pre>
    *         EncoderFactory factory = new EncoderFactory().configureBufferSize(4096);
    *         </pre>
-   * 
+   *
    * @see #binaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)
    */
   public EncoderFactory configureBufferSize(int size) {
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public EncoderFactory configureBufferSize(int size) {
   /**
    * Returns this factory's configured default buffer size. Used when creating
    * Encoder instances that buffer writes.
-   * 
+   *
    * @see #configureBufferSize(int)
    * @see #binaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)
    * @return The preferred buffer size, in bytes.
@@ -109,11 +110,11 @@ public int getBufferSize() {
    *             outside this range are set to the nearest value in the range. The
    *             encoder will require at least this amount of memory.
    * @return This factory, to enable method chaining:
-   * 
+   *
    *         <pre>
    *         EncoderFactory factory = new EncoderFactory().configureBlockSize(8000);
    *         </pre>
-   * 
+   *
    * @see #blockingBinaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)
    */
   public EncoderFactory configureBlockSize(int size) {
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ public EncoderFactory configureBlockSize(int size) {
    * #blockingBinaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder) will have block buffers
    * of this size.
    * <p/>
-   * 
+   *
    * @see #configureBlockSize(int)
    * @see #blockingBinaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)
    * @return The preferred block size, in bytes.
@@ -216,6 +217,49 @@ public BinaryEncoder directBinaryEncoder(OutputStream out, BinaryEncoder reuse)
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates or reinitializes a {@link BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder} with the
+   * OutputStream provided as the destination for written data. If <i>reuse</i> is
+   * provided, an attempt will be made to reconfigure <i>reuse</i> rather than
+   * construct a new instance, but this is not guaranteed, a new instance may be
+   * returned.
+   * <p/>
+   * The {@link BinaryEncoder} implementation returned does not buffer its output,
+   * calling {@link Encoder#flush()} will simply cause the wrapped OutputStream to
+   * be flushed.
+   * <p/>
+   * The {@link BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder} will write the block sizes for the
+   * arrays and maps so efficient skipping can be done.
+   * <p/>
+   * Performance of unbuffered writes can be significantly slower than buffered
+   * writes. {@link #binaryEncoder(OutputStream, BinaryEncoder)} returns
+   * BinaryEncoder instances that are tuned for performance but may buffer output.
+   * The unbuffered, 'direct' encoder may be desired when buffering semantics are
+   * problematic, or if the lifetime of the encoder is so short that the buffer
+   * would not be useful.
+   * <p/>
+   * {@link BinaryEncoder} instances returned by this method are not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param out   The OutputStream to initialize to. Cannot be null.
+   * @param reuse The BinaryEncoder to <i>attempt</i> to reuse given the factory
+   *              configuration. A BinaryEncoder implementation may not be
+   *              compatible with reuse, causing a new instance to be returned. If
+   *              null, a new instance is returned.
+   * @return A BinaryEncoder that uses <i>out</i> as its data output. If
+   *         <i>reuse</i> is null, this will be a new instance. If <i>reuse</i> is
+   *         not null, then the returned instance may be a new instance or
+   *         <i>reuse</i> reconfigured to use <i>out</i>.
+   * @see DirectBinaryEncoder
+   * @see Encoder
+   */
+  public BinaryEncoder blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(OutputStream out, BinaryEncoder reuse) {
+    if (null == reuse || !reuse.getClass().equals(BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.class)) {
+      return new BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder(out);
+    } else {
+      return ((DirectBinaryEncoder) reuse).configure(out);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates or reinitializes a {@link BinaryEncoder} with the OutputStream
    * provided as the destination for written data. If <i>reuse</i> is provided, an
@@ -297,6 +341,38 @@ public JsonEncoder jsonEncoder(Schema schema, OutputStream out, boolean pretty)
     return new JsonEncoder(schema, out, pretty);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a {@link JsonEncoder} using the OutputStream provided for writing
+   * data conforming to the Schema provided with optional pretty printing.
+   * <p/>
+   * {@link JsonEncoder} buffers its output. Data may not appear on the underlying
+   * OutputStream until {@link Encoder#flush()} is called.
+   * <p/>
+   * {@link JsonEncoder} is not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param schema    The Schema for data written to this JsonEncoder. Cannot be
+   *                  null.
+   * @param out       The OutputStream to write to. Cannot be null.
+   * @param pretty    Pretty print encoding.
+   * @param autoflush Whether to Automatically flush the data to storage, default
+   *                  is true controls the underlying FLUSH_PASSED_TO_STREAM
+   *                  feature of JsonGenerator
+   * @return A JsonEncoder configured with <i>out</i>, <i>schema</i> and
+   *         <i>pretty</i>
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public JsonEncoder jsonEncoder(Schema schema, OutputStream out, boolean pretty, boolean autoflush)
+      throws IOException {
+    EnumSet<JsonEncoder.JsonOptions> options = EnumSet.noneOf(JsonEncoder.JsonOptions.class);
+    if (pretty) {
+      options.add(JsonEncoder.JsonOptions.Pretty);
+    }
+    if (!autoflush) {
+      options.add(JsonEncoder.JsonOptions.NoFlushStream);
+    }
+    return new JsonEncoder(schema, out, options);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates a {@link JsonEncoder} using the {@link JsonGenerator} provided for
    * output of data conforming to the Schema provided.
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonDecoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonDecoder.java
index c1c38511ab4..2ad496a5b87 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonDecoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonDecoder.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ private static Symbol getSymbol(Schema schema) {
    * <p/>
    * Otherwise, this JsonDecoder will reset its state and then reconfigure its
    * input.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param in The InputStream to read from. Cannot be null.
    * @throws IOException
    * @throws NullPointerException if {@code in} is {@code null}
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public JsonDecoder configure(InputStream in) throws IOException {
    * <p/>
    * Otherwise, this JsonDecoder will reset its state and then reconfigure its
    * input.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param in The String to read from. Cannot be null.
    * @throws IOException
    * @throws NullPointerException if {@code in} is {@code null}
@@ -157,25 +157,39 @@ public boolean readBoolean() throws IOException {
   @Override
   public int readInt() throws IOException {
     advance(Symbol.INT);
-    if (in.getCurrentToken().isNumeric()) {
+    if (in.getCurrentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
       int result = in.getIntValue();
       in.nextToken();
       return result;
-    } else {
-      throw error("int");
     }
+    if (in.getCurrentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_FLOAT) {
+      float value = in.getFloatValue();
+      if (Math.abs(value - Math.round(value)) <= Float.MIN_VALUE) {
+        int result = Math.round(value);
+        in.nextToken();
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+    throw error("int");
   }
 
   @Override
   public long readLong() throws IOException {
     advance(Symbol.LONG);
-    if (in.getCurrentToken().isNumeric()) {
+    if (in.getCurrentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
       long result = in.getLongValue();
       in.nextToken();
       return result;
-    } else {
-      throw error("long");
     }
+    if (in.getCurrentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_FLOAT) {
+      double value = in.getDoubleValue();
+      if (Math.abs(value - Math.round(value)) <= Double.MIN_VALUE) {
+        long result = Math.round(value);
+        in.nextToken();
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+    throw error("long");
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonEncoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonEncoder.java
index 71cc690b8a4..46fb6b5cb58 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonEncoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/JsonEncoder.java
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.BitSet;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonEncoding;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.PrettyPrinter;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.util.DefaultPrettyPrinter;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.util.MinimalPrettyPrinter;
 
@@ -58,11 +61,15 @@ public class JsonEncoder extends ParsingEncoder implements Parser.ActionHandler
   protected BitSet isEmpty = new BitSet();
 
   JsonEncoder(Schema sc, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
-    this(sc, getJsonGenerator(out, false));
+    this(sc, getJsonGenerator(out, EnumSet.noneOf(JsonOptions.class)));
   }
 
   JsonEncoder(Schema sc, OutputStream out, boolean pretty) throws IOException {
-    this(sc, getJsonGenerator(out, pretty));
+    this(sc, getJsonGenerator(out, pretty ? EnumSet.of(JsonOptions.Pretty) : EnumSet.noneOf(JsonOptions.class)));
+  }
+
+  JsonEncoder(Schema sc, OutputStream out, Set<JsonOptions> options) throws IOException {
+    this(sc, getJsonGenerator(out, options));
   }
 
   JsonEncoder(Schema sc, JsonGenerator out) throws IOException {
@@ -78,24 +85,28 @@ public void flush() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
+  enum JsonOptions {
+    Pretty,
+
+    // Prevent underlying outputstream to be flush for optimisation purpose.
+    NoFlushStream
+  }
+
   // by default, one object per line.
   // with pretty option use default pretty printer with root line separator.
-  private static JsonGenerator getJsonGenerator(OutputStream out, boolean pretty) throws IOException {
+  private static JsonGenerator getJsonGenerator(OutputStream out, Set<JsonOptions> options) throws IOException {
     Objects.requireNonNull(out, "OutputStream cannot be null");
     JsonGenerator g = new JsonFactory().createGenerator(out, JsonEncoding.UTF8);
-    if (pretty) {
-      DefaultPrettyPrinter pp = new DefaultPrettyPrinter() {
-        @Override
-        public void writeRootValueSeparator(JsonGenerator jg) throws IOException {
-          jg.writeRaw(LINE_SEPARATOR);
-        }
-      };
-      g.setPrettyPrinter(pp);
+    if (options.contains(JsonOptions.NoFlushStream)) {
+      g = g.configure(JsonGenerator.Feature.FLUSH_PASSED_TO_STREAM, false);
+    }
+    final PrettyPrinter pp;
+    if (options.contains(JsonOptions.Pretty)) {
+      pp = new DefaultPrettyPrinter(LINE_SEPARATOR);
     } else {
-      MinimalPrettyPrinter pp = new MinimalPrettyPrinter();
-      pp.setRootValueSeparator(LINE_SEPARATOR);
-      g.setPrettyPrinter(pp);
+      pp = new MinimalPrettyPrinter(LINE_SEPARATOR);
     }
+    g.setPrettyPrinter(pp);
     return g;
   }
 
@@ -122,7 +133,29 @@ public void setIncludeNamespace(final boolean includeNamespace) {
    * @return this JsonEncoder
    */
   public JsonEncoder configure(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
-    this.configure(getJsonGenerator(out, false));
+    return this.configure(out, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reconfigures this JsonEncoder to use the output stream provided.
+   * <p/>
+   * If the OutputStream provided is null, a NullPointerException is thrown.
+   * <p/>
+   * Otherwise, this JsonEncoder will flush its current output and then
+   * reconfigure its output to use a default UTF8 JsonGenerator that writes to the
+   * provided OutputStream.
+   *
+   * @param out The OutputStream to direct output to. Cannot be null.
+   * @throws IOException
+   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code out} is {@code null}
+   * @return this JsonEncoder
+   */
+  public JsonEncoder configure(OutputStream out, boolean autoflush) throws IOException {
+    EnumSet<JsonOptions> jsonOptions = EnumSet.noneOf(JsonOptions.class);
+    if (!autoflush) {
+      jsonOptions.add(JsonOptions.NoFlushStream);
+    }
+    this.configure(getJsonGenerator(out, jsonOptions));
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -175,7 +208,7 @@ public void writeLong(long n) throws IOException {
   @Override
   public void writeFloat(float f) throws IOException {
     parser.advance(Symbol.FLOAT);
-    out.writeNumber(f);
+    out.writeNumber(f + 0d);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/ResolvingGrammarGenerator.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/ResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
index 77fbe1c7ad0..f1c9d139e7d 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/ResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/ResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
@@ -292,8 +292,16 @@ public static void encode(Encoder e, Schema s, JsonNode n) throws IOException {
       e.writeMapEnd();
       break;
     case UNION:
-      e.writeIndex(0);
-      encode(e, s.getTypes().get(0), n);
+      int correctIndex = 0;
+      List<Schema> innerTypes = s.getTypes();
+      while (correctIndex < innerTypes.size() && !isCompatible(innerTypes.get(correctIndex).getType(), n)) {
+        correctIndex++;
+      }
+      if (correctIndex >= innerTypes.size()) {
+        throw new AvroTypeException("Not compatible default value for union: " + n);
+      }
+      e.writeIndex(correctIndex);
+      encode(e, innerTypes.get(correctIndex), n);
       break;
     case FIXED:
       if (!n.isTextual())
@@ -346,4 +354,29 @@ public static void encode(Encoder e, Schema s, JsonNode n) throws IOException {
       break;
     }
   }
+
+  private static boolean isCompatible(Schema.Type stype, JsonNode value) {
+    switch (stype) {
+    case RECORD:
+    case ENUM:
+    case ARRAY:
+    case MAP:
+    case UNION:
+      return true;
+    case FIXED:
+    case STRING:
+    case BYTES:
+      return value.isTextual();
+    case INT:
+    case LONG:
+    case FLOAT:
+    case DOUBLE:
+      return value.isNumber();
+    case BOOLEAN:
+      return value.isBoolean();
+    case NULL:
+      return value.isNull();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/ArrayPositionPredicate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/ArrayPositionPredicate.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..480d02614ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/ArrayPositionPredicate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * Returns items by their position (numeric index) in an array
+ */
+public class ArrayPositionPredicate implements PositionalPathPredicate {
+  private final long index;
+
+  public ArrayPositionPredicate(long index) {
+    this.index = index;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "[" + index + "]";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/LocationStep.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/LocationStep.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8442dfaef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/LocationStep.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * Selects items based on their "path" (name of a property under which they are
+ * stored) relative to the context.
+ */
+public class LocationStep implements PathElement {
+  /**
+   * selector part of location step. either "." or ".."
+   */
+  private final String selector;
+  /**
+   * name of a property to select
+   */
+  private final String propertyName;
+
+  public LocationStep(String selector, String propertyName) {
+    this.selector = selector;
+    this.propertyName = propertyName;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    if (propertyName == null || propertyName.isEmpty()) {
+      return selector;
+    }
+    return selector + propertyName;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/MapKeyPredicate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/MapKeyPredicate.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b183d8459d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/MapKeyPredicate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * Returns items by their position (string key under which they are stored) in a
+ * map
+ */
+public class MapKeyPredicate implements PositionalPathPredicate {
+  private final String key;
+
+  public MapKeyPredicate(String key) {
+    this.key = key;
+  }
+
+  public String getKey() {
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    if (key == null) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    return "[\"" + key + "\"]";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathElement.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathElement.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3be4dc2a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathElement.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * root interface for all pieces of an AvroPath expression
+ */
+public interface PathElement {
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathPredicate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathPredicate.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..092894652f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathPredicate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * a predicate is a filter that restricts items selected by a
+ * {@link LocationStep}
+ */
+public interface PathPredicate extends PathElement {
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathTracingException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathTracingException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac9ba513722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PathTracingException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+/**
+ * interface for exceptions that can trace the AvroPath of an error
+ *
+ * @param <T> the regular (user-facing) exception that will be
+ *            {@link #summarize(Schema)}ed out of this class
+ */
+public interface PathTracingException<T extends Throwable> {
+  /**
+   * appends a path element to the trace. expected to be called in reverse-order
+   * as the exception bubbles up the stack
+   *
+   * @param step an AvroPath step tracing back from the location of the original
+   *             exception towards the root of the data graph
+   */
+  void tracePath(PathElement step);
+
+  /**
+   * produces a user-facing exception to be thrown back out to user code
+   * 
+   * @param root the root object for the operation that generated the exception
+   * @return an exception
+   */
+  T summarize(Schema root);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PositionalPathPredicate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PositionalPathPredicate.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c9751ef2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/PositionalPathPredicate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * filters items by their context position
+ */
+public interface PositionalPathPredicate extends PathPredicate {
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingAvroTypeException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingAvroTypeException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4aed18b91de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingAvroTypeException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaUtil;
+
+/**
+ * an {@link AvroTypeException} with extra fields used to trace back the path to
+ * a bad value through an object graph
+ */
+public class TracingAvroTypeException extends AvroTypeException implements PathTracingException<AvroTypeException> {
+  private final List<PathElement> reversePath;
+
+  public TracingAvroTypeException(AvroTypeException cause) {
+    super(cause.getMessage(), cause);
+    this.reversePath = new ArrayList<>(3); // expected to be short
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void tracePath(PathElement step) {
+    reversePath.add(step);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AvroTypeException summarize(Schema root) {
+    AvroTypeException cause = (AvroTypeException) getCause();
+
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append(cause.getMessage());
+
+    if (reversePath != null && !reversePath.isEmpty()) {
+      sb.append(" at ");
+      if (root != null) {
+        sb.append(SchemaUtil.describe(root));
+      }
+      for (int i = reversePath.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        PathElement step = reversePath.get(i);
+        sb.append(step.toString());
+      }
+    }
+    AvroTypeException summary = new AvroTypeException(sb.toString());
+    summary.initCause(cause);
+    return summary;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingClassCastException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingClassCastException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87607aee8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingClassCastException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * a {@link ClassCastException} with extra fields used to trace back the path to
+ * a bad value through an object graph
+ */
+public class TracingClassCastException extends ClassCastException implements PathTracingException<ClassCastException> {
+  private final ClassCastException cause;
+  private final Object datum;
+  private final Schema expected;
+  private final boolean customCoderUsed;
+  private final List<PathElement> reversePath;
+
+  public TracingClassCastException(ClassCastException cause, Object datum, Schema expected, boolean customCoderUsed) {
+    this.cause = cause;
+    this.datum = datum;
+    this.expected = expected;
+    this.customCoderUsed = customCoderUsed;
+    this.reversePath = new ArrayList<>(3); // assume short
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void tracePath(PathElement step) {
+    reversePath.add(step);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized ClassCastException getCause() {
+    return cause;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return a hopefully helpful error message
+   */
+  @Override
+  public ClassCastException summarize(Schema root) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("value ").append(SchemaUtil.describe(datum));
+    sb.append(" cannot be cast to expected type ").append(SchemaUtil.describe(expected));
+    if (reversePath == null || reversePath.isEmpty()) {
+      // very simple "shallow" NPE, no nesting at all, or custom coders used means we
+      // have no data
+      if (customCoderUsed) {
+        sb.append(". No further details available as custom coders were used");
+      }
+    } else {
+      sb.append(" at ");
+      if (root != null) {
+        sb.append(SchemaUtil.describe(root));
+      }
+      for (int i = reversePath.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        PathElement step = reversePath.get(i);
+        sb.append(step.toString());
+      }
+    }
+    ClassCastException summary = new ClassCastException(sb.toString());
+    summary.initCause(cause);
+    return summary;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingNullPointException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingNullPointException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fabfc764d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/TracingNullPointException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * a {@link NullPointerException} with extra fields used to trace back the path
+ * to a null value through an object graph
+ */
+public class TracingNullPointException extends NullPointerException
+    implements PathTracingException<NullPointerException> {
+  private final NullPointerException cause;
+  private final Schema expected;
+  private final boolean customCoderUsed;
+  private final List<PathElement> reversePath;
+
+  public TracingNullPointException(NullPointerException cause, Schema expected, boolean customCoderUsed) {
+    this.cause = cause;
+    this.expected = expected;
+    this.customCoderUsed = customCoderUsed;
+    this.reversePath = new ArrayList<>(3); // assume short
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void tracePath(PathElement step) {
+    reversePath.add(step);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized NullPointerException getCause() {
+    return cause;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return a hopefully helpful error message
+   */
+  @Override
+  public NullPointerException summarize(Schema root) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("null value for (non-nullable) ");
+    if (reversePath == null || reversePath.isEmpty()) {
+      // very simple "shallow" NPE, no nesting at all, or custom coders used means we
+      // have no data
+      if (customCoderUsed) {
+        sb.append("field or map key. No further details available as custom coders were used");
+      } else {
+        sb.append(SchemaUtil.describe(expected));
+      }
+    } else {
+      PathElement innerMostElement = reversePath.get(0);
+      boolean isNullMapKey = innerMostElement instanceof MapKeyPredicate
+          && ((MapKeyPredicate) innerMostElement).getKey() == null;
+      if (isNullMapKey) {
+        sb.delete(0, sb.length()); // clear
+        sb.append("null key in map");
+      } else {
+        sb.append(SchemaUtil.describe(expected));
+      }
+      sb.append(" at ");
+      if (root != null) {
+        sb.append(SchemaUtil.describe(root));
+      }
+      for (int i = reversePath.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        PathElement step = reversePath.get(i);
+        sb.append(step.toString());
+      }
+    }
+    NullPointerException summary = new NullPointerException(sb.toString());
+    summary.initCause(cause);
+    return summary;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/UnionTypePredicate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/UnionTypePredicate.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01e30e108f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/UnionTypePredicate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.path;
+
+/**
+ * Returns items by their position (numeric index of type) in a union schema
+ */
+public class UnionTypePredicate implements PositionalPathPredicate {
+  private final String type;
+
+  public UnionTypePredicate(String type) {
+    this.type = type;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "[" + type + "]";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package-info.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package-info.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b1dea4b56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package-info.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Interfaces and base classes for AvroPath. This functionality is
+ * <b>experimental</b>, meaning these APIs are not expected to be stable any
+ * time soon so use at your own risk. Feedback, however, would be very
+ * appreciated :-)
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.path;
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package.html b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73ab0a71528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/path/package.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<html>
+
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<body>
+  Interfaces and base classes for AvroPath.
+
+<p>
+  This functionality is <b>experimental</b>, meaning these APIs are not
+  expected to be stable any time soon so use at your own risk. Feedback,
+  however, would be very appreciated :-)
+</p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccess.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccess.java
index 96188495121..dce1aed98a5 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccess.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccess.java
@@ -21,6 +21,22 @@
 
 abstract class FieldAccess {
 
+  protected static final int INT_DEFAULT_VALUE = 0;
+
+  protected static final float FLOAT_DEFAULT_VALUE = 0.0f;
+
+  protected static final short SHORT_DEFAULT_VALUE = (short) 0;
+
+  protected static final byte BYTE_DEFAULT_VALUE = (byte) 0;
+
+  protected static final boolean BOOLEAN_DEFAULT_VALUE = false;
+
+  protected static final char CHAR_DEFAULT_VALUE = '\u0000';
+
+  protected static final long LONG_DEFAULT_VALUE = 0L;
+
+  protected static final double DOUBLE_DEFAULT_VALUE = 0.0d;
+
   protected abstract FieldAccessor getAccessor(Field field);
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessReflect.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessReflect.java
index c790dbfb886..5d51be054be 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessReflect.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessReflect.java
@@ -62,7 +62,29 @@ public Object get(Object object) throws IllegalAccessException {
 
     @Override
     public void set(Object object, Object value) throws IllegalAccessException, IOException {
-      field.set(object, value);
+      if (value == null && field.getType().isPrimitive()) {
+        Object defaultValue = null;
+        if (int.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = INT_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (float.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = FLOAT_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (short.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = SHORT_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (byte.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = BYTE_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (boolean.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = BOOLEAN_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (char.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = CHAR_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (long.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = LONG_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        } else if (double.class.equals(field.getType())) {
+          defaultValue = DOUBLE_DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        }
+        field.set(object, defaultValue);
+      } else {
+        field.set(object, value);
+      }
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessUnsafe.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessUnsafe.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f555df49ae2..00000000000
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/FieldAccessUnsafe.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,366 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.avro.reflect;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-
-import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
-import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
-import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
-
-import sun.misc.Unsafe;
-
-@SuppressWarnings("restriction")
-class FieldAccessUnsafe extends FieldAccess {
-
-  private static final Unsafe UNSAFE;
-
-  static {
-    try {
-      Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
-      theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
-      UNSAFE = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
-      // It seems not all Unsafe implementations implement the following method.
-    } catch (Exception e) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(e);
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  protected FieldAccessor getAccessor(Field field) {
-    AvroEncode enc = field.getAnnotation(AvroEncode.class);
-    if (enc != null)
-      try {
-        return new UnsafeCustomEncodedField(field, enc.using().getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance());
-      } catch (Exception e) {
-        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Could not instantiate custom Encoding");
-      }
-    Class<?> c = field.getType();
-    if (c == int.class)
-      return new UnsafeIntField(field);
-    else if (c == long.class)
-      return new UnsafeLongField(field);
-    else if (c == byte.class)
-      return new UnsafeByteField(field);
-    else if (c == float.class)
-      return new UnsafeFloatField(field);
-    else if (c == double.class)
-      return new UnsafeDoubleField(field);
-    else if (c == char.class)
-      return new UnsafeCharField(field);
-    else if (c == boolean.class)
-      return new UnsafeBooleanField(field);
-    else if (c == short.class)
-      return new UnsafeShortField(field);
-    else
-      return new UnsafeObjectField(field);
-  }
-
-  abstract static class UnsafeCachedField extends FieldAccessor {
-    protected final long offset;
-    protected Field field;
-    protected final boolean isStringable;
-
-    UnsafeCachedField(Field f) {
-      this.offset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(f);
-      this.field = f;
-      this.isStringable = f.isAnnotationPresent(Stringable.class);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Field getField() {
-      return field;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected boolean supportsIO() {
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected boolean isStringable() {
-      return isStringable;
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeIntField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    UnsafeIntField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putInt(object, offset, (Integer) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getInt(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putInt(object, offset, in.readInt());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeInt(UNSAFE.getInt(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeFloatField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeFloatField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putFloat(object, offset, (Float) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getFloat(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putFloat(object, offset, in.readFloat());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeFloat(UNSAFE.getFloat(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeShortField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeShortField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putShort(object, offset, (Short) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getShort(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putShort(object, offset, (short) in.readInt());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeInt(UNSAFE.getShort(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeByteField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeByteField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putByte(object, offset, (Byte) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getByte(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putByte(object, offset, (byte) in.readInt());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeInt(UNSAFE.getByte(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeBooleanField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeBooleanField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putBoolean(object, offset, (Boolean) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getBoolean(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putBoolean(object, offset, in.readBoolean());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeBoolean(UNSAFE.getBoolean(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeCharField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeCharField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putChar(object, offset, (Character) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getChar(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putChar(object, offset, (char) in.readInt());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeInt(UNSAFE.getChar(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeLongField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeLongField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putLong(object, offset, (Long) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getLong(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putLong(object, offset, in.readLong());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeLong(UNSAFE.getLong(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeDoubleField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeDoubleField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putDouble(object, offset, (Double) value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getDouble(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putDouble(object, offset, in.readDouble());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      out.writeDouble(UNSAFE.getDouble(object, offset));
-    }
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeObjectField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-    protected UnsafeObjectField(Field f) {
-      super(f);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) {
-      UNSAFE.putObject(object, offset, value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) {
-      return UNSAFE.getObject(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected boolean supportsIO() {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  final static class UnsafeCustomEncodedField extends UnsafeCachedField {
-
-    private CustomEncoding<?> encoding;
-
-    UnsafeCustomEncodedField(Field f, CustomEncoding<?> encoding) {
-      super(f);
-      this.encoding = encoding;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected Object get(Object object) throws IllegalAccessException {
-      return UNSAFE.getObject(object, offset);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void set(Object object, Object value) throws IllegalAccessException, IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putObject(object, offset, value);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void read(Object object, Decoder in) throws IOException {
-      UNSAFE.putObject(object, offset, encoding.read(in));
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void write(Object object, Encoder out) throws IOException {
-      encoding.write(UNSAFE.getObject(object, offset), out);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected boolean isCustomEncoded() {
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectData.java
index 4ead6b888f4..0c0b10478a5 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectData.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.specific.FixedSize;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ClassUtils;
+import org.apache.avro.util.MapUtil;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
@@ -63,12 +64,16 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 
 /** Utilities to use existing Java classes and interfaces via reflection. */
 public class ReflectData extends SpecificData {
 
   private static final String STRING_OUTER_PARENT_REFERENCE = "this$0";
 
+  /**
+   * Always false since custom coders are not available for {@link ReflectData}.
+   */
   @Override
   public boolean useCustomCoders() {
     return false;
@@ -355,8 +360,8 @@ protected ClassAccessorData computeValue(Class<?> c) {
   static class ClassAccessorData {
     private final Class<?> clazz;
     private final Map<String, FieldAccessor> byName = new HashMap<>();
-    // getAccessorsFor is already synchronized, no need to wrap
-    final Map<Schema, FieldAccessor[]> bySchema = new WeakHashMap<>();
+    // getAccessorsFor replaces this map with each modification
+    volatile Map<Schema, FieldAccessor[]> bySchema = new WeakHashMap<>();
 
     private ClassAccessorData(Class<?> c) {
       clazz = c;
@@ -374,12 +379,14 @@ private ClassAccessorData(Class<?> c) {
      * Return the field accessors as an array, indexed by the field index of the
      * given schema.
      */
-    private synchronized FieldAccessor[] getAccessorsFor(Schema schema) {
-      // if synchronized is removed from this method, adjust bySchema appropriately
+    private FieldAccessor[] getAccessorsFor(Schema schema) {
+      // to avoid synchronization, we replace the map for each modification
       FieldAccessor[] result = bySchema.get(schema);
       if (result == null) {
         result = createAccessorsFor(schema);
+        Map<Schema, FieldAccessor[]> bySchema = new WeakHashMap<>(this.bySchema);
         bySchema.put(schema, result);
+        this.bySchema = bySchema;
       }
       return result;
     }
@@ -422,16 +429,6 @@ private FieldAccessor getFieldAccessor(Class<?> c, String fieldName) {
     return null;
   }
 
-  /** @deprecated Replaced by {@link SpecificData#CLASS_PROP} */
-  @Deprecated
-  static final String CLASS_PROP = "java-class";
-  /** @deprecated Replaced by {@link SpecificData#KEY_CLASS_PROP} */
-  @Deprecated
-  static final String KEY_CLASS_PROP = "java-key-class";
-  /** @deprecated Replaced by {@link SpecificData#ELEMENT_PROP} */
-  @Deprecated
-  static final String ELEMENT_PROP = "java-element-class";
-
   private static final Map<String, Class> CLASS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
   static Class getClassProp(Schema schema, String prop) {
@@ -569,7 +566,7 @@ private String getNameForNonStringMapRecord(Type keyType, Type valueType, Schema
       Package pkg2 = valueClass.getPackage();
 
       if (pkg1 != null && pkg1.getName().startsWith("java") && pkg2 != null && pkg2.getName().startsWith("java")) {
-        return NS_MAP_ARRAY_RECORD + keyClass.getSimpleName() + valueClass.getSimpleName();
+        return NS_MAP_ARRAY_RECORD + simpleName(keyClass) + simpleName(valueClass);
       }
     }
 
@@ -612,11 +609,8 @@ protected Object createSchemaDefaultValue(Type type, Field field, Schema fieldSc
     AvroDefault defaultAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(AvroDefault.class);
     defaultValue = (defaultAnnotation == null) ? null : Schema.parseJsonToObject(defaultAnnotation.value());
 
-    if (defaultValue == null && fieldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.UNION) {
-      Schema defaultType = fieldSchema.getTypes().get(0);
-      if (defaultType.getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
-        defaultValue = JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE;
-      }
+    if (defaultValue == null && fieldSchema.isNullable()) {
+      defaultValue = JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE;
     }
     return defaultValue;
   }
@@ -666,6 +660,9 @@ protected Schema createSchema(Type type, Map<String, Schema> names) {
       return result;
     } else if (type instanceof Class) { // Class
       Class<?> c = (Class<?>) type;
+      while (c.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        c = c.getSuperclass();
+      }
       if (c.isPrimitive() || // primitives
           c == Void.class || c == Boolean.class || c == Integer.class || c == Long.class || c == Float.class
           || c == Double.class || c == Byte.class || c == Short.class || c == Character.class)
@@ -748,7 +745,7 @@ protected Schema createSchema(Type type, Map<String, Schema> names) {
 
               AvroMeta[] metadata = field.getAnnotationsByType(AvroMeta.class); // add metadata
               for (AvroMeta meta : metadata) {
-                if (recordField.getObjectProps().containsKey(meta.key())) {
+                if (recordField.propsContainsKey(meta.key())) {
                   throw new AvroTypeException("Duplicate field prop key: " + meta.key());
                 }
                 recordField.addProp(meta.key(), meta.value());
@@ -767,7 +764,7 @@ protected Schema createSchema(Type type, Map<String, Schema> names) {
           schema.setFields(fields);
           AvroMeta[] metadata = c.getAnnotationsByType(AvroMeta.class);
           for (AvroMeta meta : metadata) {
-            if (schema.getObjectProps().containsKey(meta.key())) {
+            if (schema.propsContainsKey(meta.key())) {
               throw new AvroTypeException("Duplicate type prop key: " + meta.key());
             }
             schema.addProp(meta.key(), meta.value());
@@ -785,6 +782,18 @@ protected boolean isStringable(Class<?> c) {
     return c.isAnnotationPresent(Stringable.class) || super.isStringable(c);
   }
 
+  private String simpleName(Class<?> c) {
+    String simpleName = null;
+    if (c != null) {
+      while (c.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        c = c.getSuperclass();
+      }
+      simpleName = c.getSimpleName();
+    }
+
+    return simpleName;
+  }
+
   private static final Schema THROWABLE_MESSAGE = makeNullable(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
   // if array element type is a class with a union annotation, note it
@@ -826,11 +835,11 @@ public static Schema makeNullable(Schema schema) {
     }
   }
 
-  private static final Map<Class<?>, Field[]> FIELDS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private static final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Field[]> FIELDS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
   // Return of this class and its superclasses to serialize.
   private static Field[] getCachedFields(Class<?> recordClass) {
-    return FIELDS_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(recordClass, rc -> getFields(rc, true));
+    return MapUtil.computeIfAbsent(FIELDS_CACHE, recordClass, rc -> getFields(rc, true));
   }
 
   private static Field[] getFields(Class<?> recordClass, boolean excludeJava) {
@@ -888,8 +897,7 @@ protected Schema createFieldSchema(Field field, Map<String, Schema> names) {
    */
   @Override
   public Protocol getProtocol(Class iface) {
-    Protocol protocol = new Protocol(iface.getSimpleName(),
-        iface.getPackage() == null ? "" : iface.getPackage().getName());
+    Protocol protocol = new Protocol(simpleName(iface), iface.getPackage() == null ? "" : iface.getPackage().getName());
     Map<String, Schema> names = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     Map<String, Message> messages = protocol.getMessages();
     Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> genericTypeVariableMap = ReflectionUtil.resolveTypeVariables(iface);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumReader.java
index 20be49ec408..2a8fcee9f26 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumReader.java
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
@@ -92,8 +95,16 @@ protected Object newArray(Object old, int size, Schema schema) {
         ((Collection<?>) old).clear();
         return old;
       }
+
       if (collectionClass.isAssignableFrom(ArrayList.class))
         return new ArrayList<>();
+
+      if (collectionClass.isAssignableFrom(HashSet.class))
+        return new HashSet<>();
+
+      if (collectionClass.isAssignableFrom(HashMap.class))
+        return new HashMap<>();
+
       return SpecificData.newInstance(collectionClass, schema);
     }
 
@@ -135,7 +146,7 @@ protected Object readArray(Object old, Schema expected, ResolvingDecoder in) thr
       return readCollection(c, expectedType, l, in);
     } else if (array instanceof Map) {
       // Only for non-string keys, we can use NS_MAP_* fields
-      // So we check the samee explicitly here
+      // So we check the same explicitly here
       if (ReflectData.isNonStringMapSchema(expected)) {
         Collection<Object> c = new ArrayList<>();
         readCollection(c, expectedType, l, in);
@@ -287,6 +298,15 @@ protected void readField(Object record, Field field, Object oldDatum, ResolvingD
             return;
           }
         }
+        if (Optional.class.isAssignableFrom(accessor.getField().getType())) {
+          try {
+            Object value = readWithoutConversion(oldDatum, field.schema(), in);
+            accessor.set(record, Optional.ofNullable(value));
+            return;
+          } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            throw new AvroRuntimeException("Failed to set " + field);
+          }
+        }
         try {
           accessor.set(record, readWithoutConversion(oldDatum, field.schema(), in));
           return;
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumWriter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumWriter.java
index 05d9366e662..25555d99e47 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectDatumWriter.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
@@ -81,8 +82,7 @@ protected void writeArray(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOExc
       out.writeArrayStart();
       switch (type) {
       case BOOLEAN:
-        if (elementClass.isPrimitive())
-          ArrayAccessor.writeArray((boolean[]) datum, out);
+        ArrayAccessor.writeArray((boolean[]) datum, out);
         break;
       case DOUBLE:
         ArrayAccessor.writeArray((double[]) datum, out);
@@ -154,6 +154,8 @@ else if (datum instanceof Map && ReflectData.isNonStringMapSchema(schema)) {
         entryList.add(new MapEntry(e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
       }
       datum = entryList;
+    } else if (datum instanceof Optional) {
+      datum = ((Optional) datum).orElse(null);
     }
     try {
       super.write(schema, datum, out);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectionUtil.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectionUtil.java
index 18ad4754c7e..4fa52d0345e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectionUtil.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/ReflectionUtil.java
@@ -56,25 +56,13 @@ static void resetFieldAccess() {
     // so it is monomorphic and the JIT can inline
     FieldAccess access = null;
     try {
-      if (null == System.getProperty("avro.disable.unsafe")) {
-        FieldAccess unsafeAccess = load("org.apache.avro.reflect.FieldAccessUnsafe", FieldAccess.class);
-        if (validate(unsafeAccess)) {
-          access = unsafeAccess;
-        }
+      FieldAccess reflectAccess = new FieldAccessReflect();
+      if (validate(reflectAccess)) {
+        fieldAccess = reflectAccess;
       }
-    } catch (Throwable ignored) {
+    } catch (Throwable oops) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException("Unable to load a functional FieldAccess class!");
     }
-    if (access == null) {
-      try {
-        FieldAccess reflectAccess = load("org.apache.avro.reflect.FieldAccessReflect", FieldAccess.class);
-        if (validate(reflectAccess)) {
-          access = reflectAccess;
-        }
-      } catch (Throwable oops) {
-        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Unable to load a functional FieldAccess class!");
-      }
-    }
-    fieldAccess = access;
   }
 
   private static <T> T load(String name, Class<T> type) throws Exception {
@@ -118,10 +106,8 @@ private boolean validate(FieldAccess access) throws Exception {
     }
 
     private boolean validField(FieldAccess access, String name, Object original, Object toSet) throws Exception {
-      FieldAccessor a;
-      boolean valid = true;
-      a = accessor(access, name);
-      valid &= original.equals(a.get(this));
+      FieldAccessor a = accessor(access, name);
+      boolean valid = original.equals(a.get(this));
       a.set(this, toSet);
       valid &= !original.equals(a.get(this));
       return valid;
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificData.java
index 5b539395b8e..c30616e17a3 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificData.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ClassUtils;
+import org.apache.avro.util.MapUtil;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaUtil;
 import org.apache.avro.util.internal.ClassValueCache;
 
 import java.io.ObjectInput;
@@ -45,9 +47,11 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /** Utilities for generated Java classes and interfaces. */
@@ -87,6 +91,8 @@ public class SpecificData extends GenericData {
   public static final String KEY_CLASS_PROP = "java-key-class";
   public static final String ELEMENT_PROP = "java-element-class";
 
+  public static final char RESERVED_WORD_ESCAPE_CHAR = '$';
+
   /**
    * Reserved words from
    * https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se16/html/jls-3.html require
@@ -101,12 +107,36 @@ public class SpecificData extends GenericData {
       "throw", "throws", "transient", "try", "void", "volatile", "while",
       // Literals from Section 3.10 can't be used as identifiers.
       "true", "false", "null",
-      // Some keywords from Section 3.8 can't be used as type identifiers.
-      "var", "yield", "record",
       // Note that module-related restricted keywords can still be used.
       // Class names used internally by the avro code generator
       "Builder"));
 
+  /* Reserved words for accessor/mutator methods */
+  public static final Set<String> ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS = new HashSet<>(
+      Arrays.asList("class", "schema", "classSchema"));
+
+  static {
+    // Add reserved words to accessor/mutator reserved words
+    ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS.addAll(RESERVED_WORDS);
+  }
+
+  /* Reserved words for type identifiers */
+  public static final Set<String> TYPE_IDENTIFIER_RESERVED_WORDS = new HashSet<>(
+      Arrays.asList("var", "yield", "record"));
+
+  static {
+    // Add reserved words to type identifier reserved words
+    TYPE_IDENTIFIER_RESERVED_WORDS.addAll(RESERVED_WORDS);
+  }
+
+  /* Reserved words for error types */
+  public static final Set<String> ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("message", "cause"));
+
+  static {
+    // Add accessor/mutator reserved words to error reserved words
+    ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS.addAll(ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Read/write some common builtin classes as strings. Representing these as
    * strings isn't always best, as they aren't always ordered ideally, but at
@@ -148,16 +178,16 @@ public static SpecificData get() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * For RECORD type schemas, this method returns the SpecificData instance of the
-   * class associated with the schema, in order to get the right conversions for
-   * any logical types used.
+   * For RECORD and UNION type schemas, this method returns the SpecificData
+   * instance of the class associated with the schema, in order to get the right
+   * conversions for any logical types used.
    *
    * @param reader the reader schema
    * @return the SpecificData associated with the schema's class, or the default
    *         instance.
    */
   public static SpecificData getForSchema(Schema reader) {
-    if (reader != null && reader.getType() == Type.RECORD) {
+    if (reader != null && (reader.getType() == Type.RECORD || reader.getType() == Type.UNION)) {
       final Class<?> clazz = SpecificData.get().getClass(reader);
       if (clazz != null) {
         return getForClass(clazz);
@@ -190,7 +220,7 @@ public static <T> SpecificData getForClass(Class<T> c) {
 
   /**
    * Retrieve the current value of the custom-coders feature flag. Defaults to
-   * <code>true</code>, but this default can be overriden using the system
+   * <code>false</code>, but this default can be overridden using the system
    * property <code>org.apache.avro.specific.use_custom_coders</code>, and can be
    * set dynamically by {@link SpecificData#useCustomCoders()}. See <a
    * href="https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/gettingstartedjava.html#Beta+feature:+Generating+faster+code"Getting
@@ -228,12 +258,95 @@ protected Schema getEnumSchema(Object datum) {
     return (datum instanceof Enum) ? getSchema(datum.getClass()) : super.getEnumSchema(datum);
   }
 
-  private Map<String, Class> classCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+  private final ConcurrentMap<String, Class> classCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
   private static final Class NO_CLASS = new Object() {
   }.getClass();
   private static final Schema NULL_SCHEMA = Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL);
 
+  /**
+   * Utility to mangle the fully qualified class name into a valid symbol.
+   */
+  public static String mangleFullyQualified(String fullName) {
+    int lastDot = fullName.lastIndexOf('.');
+
+    if (lastDot < 0) {
+      return mangleTypeIdentifier(fullName);
+    } else {
+      String namespace = fullName.substring(0, lastDot);
+      String typeName = fullName.substring(lastDot + 1);
+
+      return mangle(namespace) + "." + mangleTypeIdentifier(typeName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
+   */
+  public static String mangle(String word) {
+    return mangle(word, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
+   */
+  public static String mangle(String word, boolean isError) {
+    return mangle(word, isError ? ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS : RESERVED_WORDS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words in type
+   * identifiers.
+   */
+  public static String mangleTypeIdentifier(String word) {
+    return mangleTypeIdentifier(word, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words in type
+   * identifiers.
+   */
+  public static String mangleTypeIdentifier(String word, boolean isError) {
+    return mangle(word, isError ? ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS : TYPE_IDENTIFIER_RESERVED_WORDS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
+   */
+  public static String mangle(String word, Set<String> reservedWords) {
+    return mangle(word, reservedWords, false);
+  }
+
+  public static String mangleMethod(String word, boolean isError) {
+    return mangle(word, isError ? ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS : ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
+   */
+  public static String mangle(String word, Set<String> reservedWords, boolean isMethod) {
+    if (isBlank(word)) {
+      return word;
+    }
+    if (word.contains(".")) {
+      // If the 'word' is really a full path of a class we must mangle just the
+      String[] packageWords = word.split("\\.");
+      String[] newPackageWords = new String[packageWords.length];
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < packageWords.length; i++) {
+        String oldName = packageWords[i];
+        newPackageWords[i] = mangle(oldName, reservedWords, false);
+      }
+
+      return String.join(".", newPackageWords);
+    }
+    if (reservedWords.contains(word) || (isMethod && reservedWords
+        .contains(Character.toLowerCase(word.charAt(0)) + ((word.length() > 1) ? word.substring(1) : "")))) {
+      return word + "$";
+    }
+    return word;
+  }
+
   /** Undoes mangling for reserved words. */
   protected static String unmangle(String word) {
     while (word.endsWith("$")) {
@@ -242,6 +355,21 @@ protected static String unmangle(String word) {
     return word;
   }
 
+  private static boolean isBlank(CharSequence cs) {
+    int strLen = cs == null ? 0 : cs.length();
+    if (strLen == 0) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < strLen; ++i) {
+        if (!Character.isWhitespace(cs.charAt(i))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Return the class that implements a schema, or null if none exists. */
   public Class getClass(Schema schema) {
     switch (schema.getType()) {
@@ -251,7 +379,7 @@ public Class getClass(Schema schema) {
       String name = schema.getFullName();
       if (name == null)
         return null;
-      Class<?> c = classCache.computeIfAbsent(name, n -> {
+      Class<?> c = MapUtil.computeIfAbsent(classCache, name, n -> {
         try {
           return ClassUtils.forName(getClassLoader(), getClassName(schema));
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
@@ -328,7 +456,7 @@ public static String getClassName(Schema schema) {
     if (namespace == null || "".equals(namespace))
       return name;
     String dot = namespace.endsWith("$") ? "" : "."; // back-compatibly handle $
-    return namespace + dot + name;
+    return mangle(namespace) + dot + mangleTypeIdentifier(name);
   }
 
   // cache for schemas created from Class objects. Use ClassValue to avoid
@@ -380,9 +508,11 @@ else if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
       } else if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(raw)) { // map
         java.lang.reflect.Type key = params[0];
         java.lang.reflect.Type value = params[1];
-        if (!(key instanceof Class && CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom((Class) key)))
-          throw new AvroTypeException("Map key class not CharSequence: " + key);
+        if (!(key instanceof Class && CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom((Class<?>) key)))
+          throw new AvroTypeException("Map key class not CharSequence: " + SchemaUtil.describe(key));
         return Schema.createMap(createSchema(value, names));
+      } else if (Optional.class.isAssignableFrom(raw)) {
+        return Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), createSchema(params[0], names));
       } else {
         return createSchema(raw, names);
       }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumReader.java
index d924c8e04b7..8950f165991 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumReader.java
@@ -24,12 +24,25 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.ResolvingDecoder;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ClassUtils;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * {@link org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader DatumReader} for generated Java
  * classes.
  */
 public class SpecificDatumReader<T> extends GenericDatumReader<T> {
+
+  public static final String[] SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES;
+
+  static {
+    SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES = System.getProperty("org.apache.avro.SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES",
+        "java.lang,java.math,java.io,java.net,org.apache.avro.reflect").split(",");
+  }
+
+  private final List<String> trustedPackages = new ArrayList<>();
+
   public SpecificDatumReader() {
     this(null, null, SpecificData.get());
   }
@@ -55,6 +68,7 @@ public SpecificDatumReader(Schema writer, Schema reader) {
    */
   public SpecificDatumReader(Schema writer, Schema reader, SpecificData data) {
     super(writer, reader, data);
+    trustedPackages.addAll(Arrays.asList(SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES));
   }
 
   /** Construct given a {@link SpecificData}. */
@@ -101,12 +115,43 @@ private Class getPropAsClass(Schema schema, String prop) {
     if (name == null)
       return null;
     try {
-      return ClassUtils.forName(getData().getClassLoader(), name);
+      Class clazz = ClassUtils.forName(getData().getClassLoader(), name);
+      checkSecurity(clazz);
+      return clazz;
     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
       throw new AvroRuntimeException(e);
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean trustAllPackages() {
+    return (trustedPackages.size() == 1 && "*".equals(trustedPackages.get(0)));
+  }
+
+  private void checkSecurity(Class clazz) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+    if (trustAllPackages() || clazz.isPrimitive()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    boolean found = false;
+    Package thePackage = clazz.getPackage();
+    if (thePackage != null) {
+      for (String trustedPackage : getTrustedPackages()) {
+        if (thePackage.getName().equals(trustedPackage) || thePackage.getName().startsWith(trustedPackage + ".")) {
+          found = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!found) {
+        throw new SecurityException("Forbidden " + clazz
+            + "! This class is not trusted to be included in Avro schema using java-class. Please set org.apache.avro.SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES system property with the packages you trust.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public final List<String> getTrustedPackages() {
+    return trustedPackages;
+  }
+
   @Override
   protected Object readRecord(Object old, Schema expected, ResolvingDecoder in) throws IOException {
     SpecificData data = getSpecificData();
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumWriter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumWriter.java
index 46118474f1b..17214031a6e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificDatumWriter.java
@@ -23,8 +23,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingAvroTypeException;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingClassCastException;
+import org.apache.avro.path.TracingNullPointException;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
+import org.apache.avro.path.LocationStep;
 
 /**
  * {@link org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter DatumWriter} for generated Java
@@ -77,7 +81,11 @@ protected void writeRecord(Schema schema, Object datum, Encoder out) throws IOEx
     if (datum instanceof SpecificRecordBase && this.getSpecificData().useCustomCoders()) {
       SpecificRecordBase d = (SpecificRecordBase) datum;
       if (d.hasCustomCoders()) {
-        d.customEncode(out);
+        try {
+          d.customEncode(out);
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+          throw new TracingNullPointException(e, null, true);
+        }
         return;
       }
     }
@@ -98,10 +106,9 @@ protected void writeField(Object datum, Schema.Field f, Encoder out, Object stat
 
       try {
         writeWithoutConversion(fieldSchema, value, out);
-      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
-        throw npe(e, " in field '" + f.name() + "'");
-      } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
-        throw addClassCastMsg(cce, " in field '" + f.name() + "'");
+      } catch (TracingNullPointException | TracingClassCastException | TracingAvroTypeException e) {
+        e.tracePath(new LocationStep(".", f.name()));
+        throw e;
       } catch (AvroTypeException ate) {
         throw addAvroTypeMsg(ate, " in field '" + f.name() + "'");
       }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificExceptionBase.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificExceptionBase.java
index 82c23f129b4..64667ba2420 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificExceptionBase.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificExceptionBase.java
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object that) {
       return false; // not a record
     if (this.getClass() != that.getClass())
       return false; // not same schema
-    return SpecificData.get().compare(this, that, this.getSchema()) == 0;
+    return this.getSpecificData().compare(this, that, this.getSchema()) == 0;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -76,4 +76,9 @@ public int hashCode() {
   @Override
   public abstract void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException;
 
+  public SpecificData getSpecificData() {
+    // Default implementation for backwards compatibility, overridden in generated
+    // code
+    return SpecificData.get();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificRecordBase.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificRecordBase.java
index 07df303b329..8cf7d5bfe13 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificRecordBase.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/specific/SpecificRecordBase.java
@@ -35,15 +35,6 @@
 public abstract class SpecificRecordBase
     implements SpecificRecord, Comparable<SpecificRecord>, GenericRecord, Externalizable {
 
-  @Override
-  public abstract Schema getSchema();
-
-  @Override
-  public abstract Object get(int field);
-
-  @Override
-  public abstract void put(int field, Object value);
-
   public SpecificData getSpecificData() {
     // Default implementation for backwards compatibility, overridden in generated
     // code
@@ -105,12 +96,12 @@ public String toString() {
 
   @Override
   public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
-    new SpecificDatumWriter(getSchema()).write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
+    new SpecificDatumWriter<>(getSchema()).write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
   }
 
   @Override
   public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException {
-    new SpecificDatumReader(getSchema()).read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
+    new SpecificDatumReader<>(getSchema()).read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/MapUtil.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/MapUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bdbfaf9a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/MapUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class MapUtil {
+
+  private MapUtil() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A temporary workaround for Java 8 specific performance issue JDK-8161372
+   * .<br>
+   * This class should be removed once we drop Java 8 support.
+   *
+   * @see <a href=
+   *      "https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8161372">JDK-8161372</a>
+   */
+  public static <K, V> V computeIfAbsent(ConcurrentMap<K, V> map, K key, Function<K, V> mappingFunction) {
+    V value = map.get(key);
+    if (value != null) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    return map.computeIfAbsent(key, mappingFunction::apply);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/RandomData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/RandomData.java
index e4623fce2ea..7ff7f477f35 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/RandomData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/RandomData.java
@@ -17,27 +17,34 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.util;
 
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+
 import java.io.File;
-import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
-import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 
 /** Generates schema data as Java objects with random values. */
 public class RandomData implements Iterable<Object> {
   public static final String USE_DEFAULT = "use-default";
+  private final GenericData genericData;
+
+  private static final int MILLIS_IN_DAY = (int) Duration.ofDays(1).toMillis();
 
   private final Schema root;
   private final long seed;
@@ -57,6 +64,23 @@ public RandomData(Schema schema, int count, boolean utf8ForString) {
   }
 
   public RandomData(Schema schema, int count, long seed, boolean utf8ForString) {
+    this(GenericData.get(), schema, count, seed, utf8ForString);
+  }
+
+  public RandomData(GenericData genericData, Schema schema, int count) {
+    this(genericData, schema, count, false);
+  }
+
+  public RandomData(GenericData genericData, Schema schema, int count, long seed) {
+    this(genericData, schema, count, seed, false);
+  }
+
+  public RandomData(GenericData genericData, Schema schema, int count, boolean utf8ForString) {
+    this(genericData, schema, count, System.currentTimeMillis(), utf8ForString);
+  }
+
+  public RandomData(GenericData genericData, Schema schema, int count, long seed, boolean utf8ForString) {
+    this.genericData = genericData;
     this.root = schema;
     this.seed = seed;
     this.count = count;
@@ -67,7 +91,7 @@ public RandomData(Schema schema, int count, long seed, boolean utf8ForString) {
   public Iterator<Object> iterator() {
     return new Iterator<Object>() {
       private int n;
-      private Random random = new Random(seed);
+      private final Random random = new Random(seed);
 
       @Override
       public boolean hasNext() {
@@ -91,26 +115,25 @@ public void remove() {
   private Object generate(Schema schema, Random random, int d) {
     switch (schema.getType()) {
     case RECORD:
-      GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+      Object record = genericData.newRecord(null, schema);
       for (Schema.Field field : schema.getFields()) {
         Object value = (field.getObjectProp(USE_DEFAULT) == null) ? generate(field.schema(), random, d + 1)
             : GenericData.get().getDefaultValue(field);
-        record.put(field.name(), value);
+        genericData.setField(record, field.name(), field.pos(), value);
       }
       return record;
     case ENUM:
       List<String> symbols = schema.getEnumSymbols();
-      return new GenericData.EnumSymbol(schema, symbols.get(random.nextInt(symbols.size())));
+      return genericData.createEnum(symbols.get(random.nextInt(symbols.size())), schema);
     case ARRAY:
-      int length = (random.nextInt(5) + 2) - d;
-      @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-      GenericArray<Object> array = new GenericData.Array(length <= 0 ? 0 : length, schema);
+      int length = Math.max(0, (random.nextInt(5) + 2) - d);
+      GenericArray<Object> array = (GenericArray<Object>) genericData.newArray(null, length, schema);
       for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
         array.add(generate(schema.getElementType(), random, d + 1));
       return array;
     case MAP:
-      length = (random.nextInt(5) + 2) - d;
-      Map<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>(length <= 0 ? 0 : length);
+      length = Math.max(0, (random.nextInt(5) + 2) - d);
+      Map<Object, Object> map = (Map<Object, Object>) genericData.newMap(null, length);
       for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
         map.put(randomString(random, 40), generate(schema.getValueType(), random, d + 1));
       }
@@ -121,15 +144,15 @@ private Object generate(Schema schema, Random random, int d) {
     case FIXED:
       byte[] bytes = new byte[schema.getFixedSize()];
       random.nextBytes(bytes);
-      return new GenericData.Fixed(schema, bytes);
+      return genericData.createFixed(null, bytes, schema);
     case STRING:
       return randomString(random, 40);
     case BYTES:
       return randomBytes(random, 40);
     case INT:
-      return random.nextInt();
+      return this.randomInt(random, schema.getLogicalType());
     case LONG:
-      return random.nextLong();
+      return this.randomLong(random, schema.getLogicalType());
     case FLOAT:
       return random.nextFloat();
     case DOUBLE:
@@ -143,7 +166,24 @@ private Object generate(Schema schema, Random random, int d) {
     }
   }
 
-  private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
+  private static final Charset UTF8 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+  private int randomInt(Random random, LogicalType type) {
+    if (type instanceof LogicalTypes.TimeMillis) {
+      return random.nextInt(RandomData.MILLIS_IN_DAY - 1);
+    }
+    // LogicalTypes.Date LocalDate.MAX.toEpochDay() > Integer.MAX;
+    return random.nextInt();
+  }
+
+  private long randomLong(Random random, LogicalType type) {
+    if (type instanceof LogicalTypes.TimeMicros) {
+      return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(RandomData.MILLIS_IN_DAY * 1000L);
+    }
+    // For LogicalTypes.TimestampMillis, every long would be OK,
+    // Instant.MAX.toEpochMilli() failed and would be > Long.MAX_VALUE.
+    return random.nextLong();
+  }
 
   private Object randomString(Random random, int maxLength) {
     int length = random.nextInt(maxLength);
@@ -156,7 +196,7 @@ private Object randomString(Random random, int maxLength) {
 
   private static ByteBuffer randomBytes(Random rand, int maxLength) {
     ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(rand.nextInt(maxLength));
-    ((Buffer) bytes).limit(bytes.capacity());
+    bytes.limit(bytes.capacity());
     rand.nextBytes(bytes.array());
     return bytes;
   }
@@ -167,15 +207,16 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
       System.exit(-1);
     }
     Schema sch = new Schema.Parser().parse(new File(args[0]));
-    DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>());
-    writer.setCodec(CodecFactory.fromString(args.length >= 4 ? args[3] : "null"));
-    writer.create(sch, new File(args[1]));
-    try {
+    try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
+      writer.setCodec(CodecFactory.fromString(args.length >= 4 ? args[3] : "null"));
+      writer.setMeta("user_metadata", "someByteArray".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+      File file = new File(args[1]);
+      Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(file.getParent()));
+      writer.create(sch, file);
+
       for (Object datum : new RandomData(sch, Integer.parseInt(args[2]))) {
         writer.append(datum);
       }
-    } finally {
-      writer.close();
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaResolver.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83285d371ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.ARRAY;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.ENUM;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.FIXED;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.MAP;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.RECORD;
+import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.UNION;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class to resolve schemas that are unavailable at the point they are
+ * referenced in a schema file. This class is meant for internal use: use at
+ * your own risk!
+ */
+public final class SchemaResolver {
+
+  private SchemaResolver() {
+  }
+
+  private static final String UR_SCHEMA_ATTR = "org.apache.avro.idl.unresolved.name";
+
+  private static final String UR_SCHEMA_NAME = "UnresolvedSchema";
+
+  private static final String UR_SCHEMA_NS = "org.apache.avro.compiler";
+
+  private static final AtomicInteger COUNTER = new AtomicInteger();
+
+  /**
+   * Create a schema to represent an "unresolved" schema. (used to represent a
+   * schema whose definition does not exist, yet).
+   *
+   * @param name a schema name
+   * @return an unresolved schema for the given name
+   */
+  public static Schema unresolvedSchema(final String name) {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord(UR_SCHEMA_NAME + '_' + COUNTER.getAndIncrement(), "unresolved schema",
+        UR_SCHEMA_NS, false, Collections.emptyList());
+    schema.addProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR, name);
+    return schema;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Is this an unresolved schema.
+   *
+   * @param schema a schema
+   * @return whether the schema is an unresolved schema
+   */
+  public static boolean isUnresolvedSchema(final Schema schema) {
+    return (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.RECORD && schema.getProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR) != null && schema.getName() != null
+        && schema.getName().startsWith(UR_SCHEMA_NAME) && UR_SCHEMA_NS.equals(schema.getNamespace()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the unresolved schema name.
+   *
+   * @param schema an unresolved schema
+   * @return the name of the unresolved schema
+   */
+  public static String getUnresolvedSchemaName(final Schema schema) {
+    if (!isUnresolvedSchema(schema)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a unresolved schema: " + schema);
+    }
+    return schema.getProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Is this an unresolved schema?
+   */
+  public static boolean isFullyResolvedSchema(final Schema schema) {
+    if (isUnresolvedSchema(schema)) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      return Schemas.visit(schema, new IsResolvedSchemaVisitor());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This visitor checks if the current schema is fully resolved.
+   */
+  public static final class IsResolvedSchemaVisitor implements SchemaVisitor<Boolean> {
+    boolean hasUnresolvedParts;
+
+    IsResolvedSchemaVisitor() {
+      hasUnresolvedParts = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+      hasUnresolvedParts = isUnresolvedSchema(terminal);
+      return hasUnresolvedParts ? SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE : SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+      hasUnresolvedParts = isUnresolvedSchema(nonTerminal);
+      if (hasUnresolvedParts) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
+      }
+      if (nonTerminal.getType() == Schema.Type.RECORD && !nonTerminal.hasFields()) {
+        // We're still initializing the type...
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+      }
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean get() {
+      return !hasUnresolvedParts;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This visitor creates clone of the visited Schemata, minus the specified
+   * schema properties, and resolves all unresolved schemas.
+   */
+  public static final class ResolvingVisitor implements SchemaVisitor<Void> {
+    private static final Set<Schema.Type> CONTAINER_SCHEMA_TYPES = EnumSet.of(RECORD, ARRAY, MAP, UNION);
+    private static final Set<Schema.Type> NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES = EnumSet.of(RECORD, ENUM, FIXED);
+
+    private final Function<String, Schema> symbolTable;
+    private final IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> replace;
+
+    public ResolvingVisitor(final Function<String, Schema> symbolTable) {
+      this.replace = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+      this.symbolTable = symbolTable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(final Schema terminal) {
+      Schema.Type type = terminal.getType();
+      if (CONTAINER_SCHEMA_TYPES.contains(type)) {
+        if (!replace.containsKey(terminal)) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Schema " + terminal + " must be already processed");
+        }
+      } else {
+        replace.put(terminal, terminal);
+      }
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(final Schema nt) {
+      Schema.Type type = nt.getType();
+      if (type == RECORD && !replace.containsKey(nt)) {
+        if (isUnresolvedSchema(nt)) {
+          // unresolved schema will get a replacement that we already encountered,
+          // or we will attempt to resolve.
+          final String unresolvedSchemaName = getUnresolvedSchemaName(nt);
+          Schema resSchema = symbolTable.apply(unresolvedSchemaName);
+          if (resSchema == null) {
+            throw new AvroTypeException("Undefined schema: " + unresolvedSchemaName);
+          }
+          Schema replacement = replace.computeIfAbsent(resSchema, schema -> {
+            Schemas.visit(schema, this);
+            return replace.get(schema); // This is not what the visitor returns!
+          });
+          replace.put(nt, replacement);
+        } else {
+          // Create a clone without fields or properties. They will be added in
+          // afterVisitNonTerminal, as they can both create circular references.
+          // (see org.apache.avro.TestCircularReferences as an example)
+          replace.put(nt, Schema.createRecord(nt.getName(), nt.getDoc(), nt.getNamespace(), nt.isError()));
+        }
+      }
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    public void copyProperties(final Schema first, final Schema second) {
+      // Logical type
+      Optional.ofNullable(first.getLogicalType()).ifPresent(logicalType -> logicalType.addToSchema(second));
+
+      // Aliases (if applicable)
+      if (NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES.contains(first.getType())) {
+        first.getAliases().forEach(second::addAlias);
+      }
+
+      // Other properties
+      first.getObjectProps().forEach(second::addProp);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(final Schema nt) {
+      Schema.Type type = nt.getType();
+      Schema newSchema;
+      switch (type) {
+      case RECORD:
+        if (!isUnresolvedSchema(nt)) {
+          newSchema = replace.get(nt);
+          // Check if we've already handled the replacement schema with a
+          // reentrant call to visit(...) from within the visitor.
+          if (!newSchema.hasFields()) {
+            List<Schema.Field> fields = nt.getFields();
+            List<Schema.Field> newFields = new ArrayList<>(fields.size());
+            for (Schema.Field field : fields) {
+              newFields.add(new Schema.Field(field, replace.get(field.schema())));
+            }
+            newSchema.setFields(newFields);
+            copyProperties(nt, newSchema);
+          }
+        }
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+      case UNION:
+        List<Schema> types = nt.getTypes();
+        List<Schema> newTypes = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
+        for (Schema sch : types) {
+          newTypes.add(requireNonNull(replace.get(sch)));
+        }
+        newSchema = Schema.createUnion(newTypes);
+        break;
+      case ARRAY:
+        newSchema = Schema.createArray(requireNonNull(replace.get(nt.getElementType())));
+        break;
+      case MAP:
+        newSchema = Schema.createMap(requireNonNull(replace.get(nt.getValueType())));
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Illegal type " + type + ", schema " + nt);
+      }
+      copyProperties(nt, newSchema);
+      replace.put(nt, newSchema);
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Void get() {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    public Schema getResolved(Schema schema) {
+      return requireNonNull(replace.get(schema),
+          () -> "Unknown schema: " + schema.getFullName() + ". Was it resolved before?");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "ResolvingVisitor{symbolTable=" + symbolTable + ", replace=" + replace + '}';
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaUtil.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0661981155d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+public class SchemaUtil {
+
+  private SchemaUtil() {
+    // utility class
+  }
+
+  public static String describe(Schema schema) {
+    if (schema == null) {
+      return "unknown";
+    }
+    switch (schema.getType()) {
+    case UNION:
+      StringJoiner csv = new StringJoiner(", ");
+      for (Schema branch : schema.getTypes()) {
+        csv.add(describe(branch));
+      }
+      return "[" + csv + "]";
+    case MAP:
+      return "Map<String, " + describe(schema.getValueType()) + ">";
+    case ARRAY:
+      return "List<" + describe(schema.getElementType()) + ">";
+    default:
+      return schema.getName();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static String describe(Object datum) {
+    if (datum == null) {
+      return "null";
+    }
+    return datum + " (a " + datum.getClass().getName() + ")";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaVisitor.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaVisitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ac35baeda7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/SchemaVisitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+public interface SchemaVisitor<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * Invoked for schemas that do not have "child" schemas (like string, int …) or
+   * for a previously encountered schema with children, which will be treated as a
+   * terminal. (to avoid circular recursion)
+   */
+  SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal);
+
+  /**
+   * Invoked for schema with children before proceeding to visit the children.
+   */
+  SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal);
+
+  /**
+   * Invoked for schemas with children after its children have been visited.
+   */
+  SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal);
+
+  /**
+   * Invoked when visiting is complete.
+   *
+   * @return a value that will be returned by the visit method.
+   */
+  T get();
+
+  enum SchemaVisitorAction {
+
+    /**
+     * continue visit.
+     */
+    CONTINUE,
+    /**
+     * terminate visit.
+     */
+    TERMINATE,
+    /**
+     * when returned from pre non terminal visit method the children of the non
+     * terminal are skipped. afterVisitNonTerminal for the current schema will not
+     * be invoked.
+     */
+    SKIP_SUBTREE,
+    /**
+     * Skip visiting the siblings of this schema.
+     */
+    SKIP_SIBLINGS
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Schemas.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Schemas.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..927a0c37b43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Schemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Avro Schema utilities, to traverse...
+ */
+public final class Schemas {
+
+  private Schemas() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Depth first visit.
+   */
+  public static <T> T visit(final Schema start, final SchemaVisitor<T> visitor) {
+    // Set of Visited Schemas
+    IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> visited = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+    // Stack that contains the Schemas to process and afterVisitNonTerminal
+    // functions.
+    // Deque<Either<Schema, Supplier<SchemaVisitorAction>>>
+    // Using Either<...> has a cost we want to avoid...
+    Deque<Object> dq = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    dq.push(start);
+    Object current;
+    while ((current = dq.poll()) != null) {
+      if (current instanceof Supplier) {
+        // We are executing a non-terminal post visit.
+        SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction action = ((Supplier<SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction>) current).get();
+        switch (action) {
+        case CONTINUE:
+          break;
+        case SKIP_SIBLINGS:
+          while (dq.peek() instanceof Schema) {
+            dq.remove();
+          }
+          break;
+        case TERMINATE:
+          return visitor.get();
+        case SKIP_SUBTREE:
+        default:
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Invalid action " + action);
+        }
+      } else {
+        Schema schema = (Schema) current;
+        boolean terminate;
+        if (visited.containsKey(schema)) {
+          terminate = visitTerminal(visitor, schema, dq);
+        } else {
+          Schema.Type type = schema.getType();
+          switch (type) {
+          case ARRAY:
+            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, Collections.singleton(schema.getElementType()));
+            visited.put(schema, schema);
+            break;
+          case RECORD:
+            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, () -> schema.getFields().stream().map(Field::schema)
+                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayDeque::new)).descendingIterator());
+            visited.put(schema, schema);
+            break;
+          case UNION:
+            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, schema.getTypes());
+            visited.put(schema, schema);
+            break;
+          case MAP:
+            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, Collections.singleton(schema.getValueType()));
+            visited.put(schema, schema);
+            break;
+          default:
+            terminate = visitTerminal(visitor, schema, dq);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (terminate) {
+          return visitor.get();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return visitor.get();
+  }
+
+  private static boolean visitNonTerminal(final SchemaVisitor<?> visitor, final Schema schema, final Deque<Object> dq,
+      final Iterable<Schema> itSupp) {
+    SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction action = visitor.visitNonTerminal(schema);
+    switch (action) {
+    case CONTINUE:
+      dq.push((Supplier<SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction>) () -> visitor.afterVisitNonTerminal(schema));
+      itSupp.forEach(dq::push);
+      break;
+    case SKIP_SUBTREE:
+      dq.push((Supplier<SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction>) () -> visitor.afterVisitNonTerminal(schema));
+      break;
+    case SKIP_SIBLINGS:
+      while (dq.peek() instanceof Schema) {
+        dq.remove();
+      }
+      break;
+    case TERMINATE:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Invalid action " + action + " for " + schema);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean visitTerminal(final SchemaVisitor<?> visitor, final Schema schema, final Deque<Object> dq) {
+    SchemaVisitor.SchemaVisitorAction action = visitor.visitTerminal(schema);
+    switch (action) {
+    case CONTINUE:
+      break;
+    case SKIP_SIBLINGS:
+      while (dq.peek() instanceof Schema) {
+        dq.remove();
+      }
+      break;
+    case TERMINATE:
+      return true;
+    case SKIP_SUBTREE:
+    default:
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Invalid action " + action + " for " + schema);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriod.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriod.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1f7fa4e8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriod.java
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.chrono.ChronoPeriod;
+import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MILLIS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
+import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * A temporal amount to model an {@link org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes.Duration
+ * Avro duration} (the logical type).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It consists of a number of months, days and milliseconds, all modelled as an
+ * unsigned integer.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Compared to {@link Period java.time.Period}, this class has a smaller range
+ * ('only' supporting a little less than 358 million years), and cannot support
+ * negative time periods.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Compared to {@link Duration java.time.Duration}, this class has less
+ * precision (milliseconds compared to nanoseconds), cannot support negative
+ * durations, and has a much smaller range. Where {@code java.time.Duration}
+ * supports fixed ranges up to about 68 years, {@code TimePeriod} can only
+ * handle about 49 days.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Comparison with the regular {@code java.time} classes:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <table>
+ * <tr>
+ * <th></th>
+ * <th>TimePeriod</th>
+ * <th>{@link Period}</th>
+ * <th>{@link Duration}</th>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>Precision</td>
+ * <td>milliseconds</td>
+ * <td>days</td>
+ * <td>nanoseconds</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>Time range (approx.)</td>
+ * <td>0 - 49 days</td>
+ * <td>unsupported</td>
+ * <td>-68 - 68 years</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td>Date range (approx.)</td>
+ * <td>0 to 370 million years</td>
+ * <td>-2.3 to 2.3 billion years</td>
+ * <td>unsupported</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * @see <a href=
+ *      "https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#duration">Avro 1.11
+ *      specification on duration</a>
+ */
+public final class TimePeriod implements TemporalAmount, Serializable {
+  private static final long MAX_UNSIGNED_INT = 0xffffffffL;
+  private static final long MONTHS_PER_YEAR = 12;
+  private static final long MONTHS_PER_DECADE = MONTHS_PER_YEAR * 10;
+  private static final long MONTHS_PER_CENTURY = MONTHS_PER_DECADE * 10;
+  private static final long MONTHS_PER_MILLENNIUM = MONTHS_PER_CENTURY * 10;
+  private static final long MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1_000;
+  private static final long MILLIS_PER_MINUTE = MILLIS_PER_SECOND * 60;
+  private static final long MILLIS_PER_HOUR = MILLIS_PER_MINUTE * 60;
+  private static final long MILLIS_IN_HALF_DAY = MILLIS_PER_HOUR * 12;
+  private static final long MICROS_PER_MILLI = 1_000;
+  private static final long NANOS_PER_MILLI = 1_000_000;
+
+  private final long months;
+  private final long days;
+  private final long millis;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a TimePeriod from another TemporalAmount, such as a {@link Period} or
+   * a {@link Duration}.
+   *
+   * @param amount a temporal amount
+   * @return the corresponding TimePeriod
+   */
+  public static TimePeriod from(TemporalAmount amount) {
+    if (requireNonNull(amount, "amount") instanceof TimePeriod) {
+      return (TimePeriod) amount;
+    }
+    if (amount instanceof ChronoPeriod) {
+      if (!IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(((ChronoPeriod) amount).getChronology())) {
+        throw new DateTimeException("TimePeriod requires ISO chronology: " + amount);
+      }
+    }
+    long months = 0;
+    long days = 0;
+    long millis = 0;
+    for (TemporalUnit unit : amount.getUnits()) {
+      if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
+        long unitAmount = amount.get(unit);
+        switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
+        case MILLENNIA:
+          months = unsignedInt(months + unitAmount * MONTHS_PER_MILLENNIUM);
+          break;
+        case CENTURIES:
+          months = unsignedInt(months + unitAmount * MONTHS_PER_CENTURY);
+          break;
+        case DECADES:
+          months = unsignedInt(months + unitAmount * MONTHS_PER_DECADE);
+          break;
+        case YEARS:
+          months = unsignedInt(months + unitAmount * MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
+          break;
+        case MONTHS:
+          months = unsignedInt(months + unitAmount);
+          break;
+        case WEEKS:
+          days = unsignedInt(days + unitAmount * 7);
+          break;
+        case DAYS:
+          days = unsignedInt(days + unitAmount);
+          break;
+        case HALF_DAYS:
+          days = unsignedInt(days + (unitAmount / 2)); // Truncates halves
+          if (unitAmount % 2 != 0) {
+            millis = unsignedInt(millis + MILLIS_IN_HALF_DAY);
+          }
+          break;
+        case HOURS:
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount * MILLIS_PER_HOUR);
+          break;
+        case MINUTES:
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount * MILLIS_PER_MINUTE);
+          break;
+        case SECONDS:
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount * MILLIS_PER_SECOND);
+          break;
+        case MILLIS:
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount);
+          break;
+        case MICROS:
+          if (unitAmount % MICROS_PER_MILLI != 0) {
+            throw new DateTimeException(
+                "Cannot add " + unitAmount + " microseconds: not a whole number of milliseconds");
+          }
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount / MICROS_PER_MILLI);
+          break;
+        case NANOS:
+          if (unitAmount % NANOS_PER_MILLI != 0) {
+            throw new DateTimeException(
+                "Cannot add " + unitAmount + " nanoseconds: not a whole number of milliseconds");
+          }
+          millis = unsignedInt(millis + unitAmount / NANOS_PER_MILLI);
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+      }
+    }
+    return new TimePeriod(months, days, millis);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a TimePeriod from a number of months, days and milliseconds
+   *
+   * @param months a number of months
+   * @param days   a number of days
+   * @param millis a number of milliseconds
+   * @return the corresponding TimePeriod
+   * @throws ArithmeticException if any of the parameters does not fit an unsigned
+   *                             long (0..4294967296)
+   */
+  public static TimePeriod of(long months, long days, long millis) {
+    return new TimePeriod(unsignedInt(months), unsignedInt(days), unsignedInt(millis));
+  }
+
+  private static long unsignedInt(long number) {
+    if (number != (number & MAX_UNSIGNED_INT)) {
+      throw new ArithmeticException("Overflow/underflow of unsigned int");
+    }
+    return number;
+  }
+
+  private TimePeriod(long months, long days, long millis) {
+    this.months = months;
+    this.days = days;
+    this.millis = millis;
+  }
+
+  public Duration toDuration() {
+    return Duration.from(this);
+  }
+
+  public Period toPeriod() {
+    if (isDateBased()) {
+      // We use unsigned ints, which have double the range of a signed int that
+      // Period uses. We can split months to years and months to ensure there's no
+      // overflow. But we cannot split days, as both days and months have varying
+      // lengths.
+      int yearsAsInt = (int) (months / MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
+      int monthsAsInt = (int) (months % MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
+      int daysAsInt = (int) days;
+      if (days != daysAsInt) {
+        throw new DateTimeException("Too many days: a Period can contain at most " + Integer.MAX_VALUE + " days.");
+      }
+      return Period.ofYears(yearsAsInt).withMonths(monthsAsInt).withDays(daysAsInt);
+    }
+    throw new DateTimeException("Cannot convert this TimePeriod to a Period: is not date based");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the TimePeriod is date based (i.e., if its milliseconds
+   * component is 0).
+   *
+   * @return {@code true} iff the TimePeriod is date based
+   */
+  public boolean isDateBased() {
+    return millis == 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the TimePeriod is time based (i.e., if its months and days
+   * components are 0).
+   *
+   * @return {@code true} iff the TimePeriod is time based
+   */
+  public boolean isTimeBased() {
+    return months == 0 && days == 0;
+  }
+
+  public long getMonths() {
+    return months;
+  }
+
+  public long getDays() {
+    return days;
+  }
+
+  public long getMillis() {
+    return millis;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long get(TemporalUnit unit) {
+    if (unit == MONTHS) {
+      return months;
+    } else if (unit == DAYS) {
+      return days;
+    } else if (unit == MILLIS) {
+      return millis;
+    } else {
+      throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<TemporalUnit> getUnits() {
+    List<TemporalUnit> units = new ArrayList<>();
+    // The zero-checks ensure compatibility with the Java Time classes Period and
+    // Duration where possible.
+    if (months != 0) {
+      units.add(MONTHS);
+    }
+    if (days != 0) {
+      units.add(DAYS);
+    }
+    if (millis != 0) {
+      units.add(MILLIS);
+    }
+    return unmodifiableList(units);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal) {
+    return addTo(temporal, months, days, millis);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal) {
+    return addTo(temporal, -months, -days, -millis);
+  }
+
+  private Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal, long months, long days, long millis) {
+    // The zero-checks ensure we can add a TimePeriod to a Temporal even when it
+    // does not support all fields, as long as the unsupported fields are zero.
+    if (months != 0) {
+      temporal = temporal.plus(months, MONTHS);
+    }
+    if (days != 0) {
+      temporal = temporal.plus(days, DAYS);
+    }
+    if (millis != 0) {
+      temporal = temporal.plus(millis, MILLIS);
+    }
+    return temporal;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    TimePeriod that = (TimePeriod) o;
+    return months == that.months && days == that.days && millis == that.millis;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(months, days, millis);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    buffer.append("P");
+    if (months != 0) {
+      int years = (int) (months / MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
+      int monthsLeft = (int) (months % MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
+      if (years != 0) {
+        buffer.append(years).append("Y");
+      }
+      if (monthsLeft != 0) {
+        buffer.append(monthsLeft).append("M");
+      }
+    }
+    if (days != 0 || (months == 0 && millis == 0)) {
+      buffer.append(days);
+    }
+    if (millis != 0) {
+      long millisLeft = millis;
+      int hours = (int) (millisLeft / MILLIS_PER_HOUR);
+      millisLeft -= MILLIS_PER_HOUR * hours;
+      int minutes = (int) (millisLeft / MILLIS_PER_MINUTE);
+      millisLeft -= MILLIS_PER_MINUTE * minutes;
+      int seconds = (int) (millisLeft / MILLIS_PER_SECOND);
+      millisLeft -= MILLIS_PER_SECOND * seconds;
+      if (millisLeft != 0) {
+        buffer.append(String.format("T%02d:%02d:%02d.%03d", hours, minutes, seconds, millisLeft));
+      } else if (seconds != 0) {
+        buffer.append(String.format("T%02d:%02d:%02d", hours, minutes, seconds));
+      } else if (minutes != 0) {
+        buffer.append(String.format("T%02d:%02d", hours, minutes));
+      } else {
+        buffer.append(String.format("T%02d", hours));
+      }
+    }
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Utf8.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Utf8.java
index f54b6e2062b..9238fd78c65 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Utf8.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/Utf8.java
@@ -24,9 +24,8 @@
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException;
 import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryData;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * A Utf8 string. Unlike {@link String}, instances are mutable. This is more
@@ -34,22 +33,8 @@
  * as a single instance may be reused.
  */
 public class Utf8 implements Comparable<Utf8>, CharSequence, Externalizable {
-  private static final String MAX_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.limits.string.maxLength";
-  private static final int MAX_LENGTH;
-  private static final byte[] EMPTY = new byte[0];
 
-  static {
-    String o = System.getProperty(MAX_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
-    int i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-    if (o != null) {
-      try {
-        i = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(o);
-      } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
-        LoggerFactory.getLogger(Utf8.class).warn("Could not parse property " + MAX_LENGTH_PROPERTY + ": " + o, nfe);
-      }
-    }
-    MAX_LENGTH = i;
-  }
+  private static final byte[] EMPTY = new byte[0];
 
   private byte[] bytes;
   private int hash;
@@ -63,7 +48,7 @@ public Utf8() {
   public Utf8(String string) {
     byte[] bytes = getBytesFor(string);
     int length = bytes.length;
-    checkLength(length);
+    SystemLimitException.checkMaxStringLength(length);
     this.bytes = bytes;
     this.length = length;
     this.string = string;
@@ -78,7 +63,7 @@ public Utf8(Utf8 other) {
 
   public Utf8(byte[] bytes) {
     int length = bytes.length;
-    checkLength(length);
+    SystemLimitException.checkMaxStringLength(length);
     this.bytes = bytes;
     this.length = length;
   }
@@ -121,7 +106,7 @@ public Utf8 setLength(int newLength) {
    * length does not change, as this also clears the cached String.
    */
   public Utf8 setByteLength(int newLength) {
-    checkLength(newLength);
+    SystemLimitException.checkMaxStringLength(newLength);
     if (this.bytes.length < newLength) {
       this.bytes = Arrays.copyOf(this.bytes, newLength);
     }
@@ -135,7 +120,7 @@ public Utf8 setByteLength(int newLength) {
   public Utf8 set(String string) {
     byte[] bytes = getBytesFor(string);
     int length = bytes.length;
-    checkLength(length);
+    SystemLimitException.checkMaxStringLength(length);
     this.bytes = bytes;
     this.length = length;
     this.string = string;
@@ -215,12 +200,6 @@ public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) {
     return toString().subSequence(start, end);
   }
 
-  private static void checkLength(int length) {
-    if (length > MAX_LENGTH) {
-      throw new AvroRuntimeException("String length " + length + " exceeds maximum allowed");
-    }
-  }
-
   /** Gets the UTF-8 bytes for a String */
   public static byte[] getBytesFor(String str) {
     return str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtils.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..967a48bf364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+/**
+ * Text utilities especially suited for UTF encoded bytes.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * When the character set is unknown, methods in this class assume UTF encoded
+ * text and try to detect the UTF variant (8/16/32 bits, big/little endian),
+ * using the BOM (if present) or an educated guess assuming the first character
+ * is in the range U+0000-U+00FF. This heuristic works for all latin text based
+ * formats, which includes Avro IDL, JSON, XML, etc. If the heuristic fails,
+ * UTF-8 is assumed.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-guessing">XML specification,
+ *      appendix F: Autodetection of Character Encodings (Non-Normative)</a>
+ */
+public class UtfTextUtils {
+  private static final int TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+  /**
+   * JVM standard character set (but that doesn't have a constant in
+   * {@link StandardCharsets}) for UTF-32.
+   */
+  private static final Charset UTF_32 = Charset.forName("UTF-32");
+  /**
+   * JVM standard character set (but that doesn't have a constant in
+   * {@link StandardCharsets}) for UTF-32BE.
+   */
+  private static final Charset UTF_32BE = Charset.forName("UTF-32BE");
+  /**
+   * JVM standard character set (but that doesn't have a constant in
+   * {@link StandardCharsets}) for UTF-32LE.
+   */
+  private static final Charset UTF_32LE = Charset.forName("UTF-32LE");
+
+  public static String asString(byte[] bytes, Charset charset) {
+    if (charset == null) {
+      charset = detectUtfCharset(bytes);
+    }
+    return skipBOM(new String(bytes, charset));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the specified input stream as text. If {@code charset} is {@code null},
+   * the method will assume UTF encoded text and attempt to detect the appropriate
+   * charset.
+   *
+   * @param input   the input to read
+   * @param charset the character set of the input, if known
+   * @return all bytes, read into a string
+   * @throws IOException when reading the input fails for some reason
+   */
+  public static String readAllBytes(InputStream input, Charset charset) throws IOException {
+    if (charset == null) {
+      input = ensureMarkSupport(input);
+      input.mark(4);
+      byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
+      int bytesRead = fillBuffer(input, buffer);
+      input.reset();
+
+      charset = detectUtfCharset0(buffer, bytesRead);
+
+      if (charset == null) {
+        throw new IOException("Unsupported UCS-4 variant (neither UTF-32BE nor UTF32-LE)");
+      }
+    }
+    Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(input, charset);
+    return readAllChars(reader);
+  }
+
+  private static InputStream ensureMarkSupport(InputStream input) {
+    if (input.markSupported()) {
+      return input;
+    } else {
+      return new BufferedInputStream(input);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static int fillBuffer(InputStream in, byte[] buf) throws IOException {
+    int remaining = buf.length;
+    int offset = 0;
+    while (remaining > 0) {
+      int bytesRead = in.read(buf, offset, remaining);
+      // As remaining > 0, bytesRead is either -1 or positive
+      if (bytesRead == -1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      offset += bytesRead;
+      remaining -= bytesRead;
+    }
+    return offset;
+  }
+
+  public static String readAllChars(Reader input) throws IOException {
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    char[] charBuffer = new char[TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int charsRead;
+    while ((charsRead = input.read(charBuffer, 0, TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE)) >= 0) {
+      buffer.append(charBuffer, 0, charsRead);
+    }
+    return skipBOM(buffer);
+  }
+
+  private static String skipBOM(CharSequence buffer) {
+    if (buffer.charAt(0) == '\uFEFF') {
+      return buffer.subSequence(1, buffer.length()).toString();
+    }
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assuming UTF encoded bytes, detect the UTF variant (8/16/32 bits, big/little
+   * endian).
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * To ensure the most accurate detection, the algorithm requires at least 4
+   * bytes. One should only provide less than 4 bytes of data if that is all there
+   * is.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Detection is certain when a byte order mark (BOM) is used. Otherwise a
+   * heuristic is used, which works when the first character is from the first 256
+   * characters from the BMP (U+0000-U+00FF). This works for all latin-based
+   * textual formats, like Avro IDL, JSON, YAML, XML, etc.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param firstFewBytes the first few bytes of the text to detect the character
+   *                      set of
+   * @return the character set to use
+   */
+  public static Charset detectUtfCharset(byte[] firstFewBytes) {
+    Charset detectedCharset = detectUtfCharset0(firstFewBytes, firstFewBytes.length);
+    if (detectedCharset == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported UCS-4 variant (neither UTF-32BE nor UTF32-LE)");
+    }
+    return detectedCharset;
+  }
+
+  private static Charset detectUtfCharset0(byte[] firstFewBytes, int numBytes) {
+    // spotless:off
+    /*
+     * Lookup table, adapted from https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-guessing
+     * It omits non-UTF encodings (the 2nd and 3rd rows from the end).
+     * Note that the order (with respect to UTF-32 & UTF-16) is important!
+     *
+     * (the non-zero bytes encode the byte order mark, BOM)
+     *
+     * Match the 'magic bytes' in order, and take the first match:
+     * 00 00 FE FF -> UTF-32 (be)
+     * FF FE 00 00 -> UTF-32 (le)
+     * 00 00 FF FE -> unsupported UCS-4 (byte order 2143)
+     * FE FF 00 00 -> unsupported UCS-4 (byte order 3412)
+     * FE FF __ __ -> UTF-16 (be)
+     * FF FE __ __ -> UTF-16 (le)
+     * EF BB BF __ -> UTF-8
+     * 00 00 00 __ -> UTF-32BE
+     * __ 00 00 00 -> UTF-32LE
+     * 00 00 __ 00 -> unsupported UCS-4 (byte order 2143)
+     * 00 __ 00 00 -> unsupported UCS-4 (byte order 3412)
+     * 00 __ __ __ -> UTF-16BE
+     * __ 00 __ __ -> UTF-16LE
+     * __ __ __ __ -> UTF-8 (fallback)
+     */
+    // spotless:on
+    int quad = quad(firstFewBytes, numBytes);
+    int word = quad >>> 16;
+    if (numBytes > 3 && (quad == 0x0000FEFF || quad == 0xFFFE0000)) {
+      // With BOM: UTF-32 (Charset handles BOM & endianness)
+      return UTF_32;
+    } else if (numBytes > 3 && (quad == 0x0000FFFE || quad == 0xFEFF0000)) {
+      // With BOM: unsupported UCS-4 encoding (byte order 2143 resp. 3412)
+      return null;
+    } else if (numBytes > 1 && (word == 0xFEFF || word == 0xFFFE)) {
+      // With BOM: UTF-16 (Charset handles BOM & endianness)
+      return StandardCharsets.UTF_16;
+    } else if (numBytes > 2 && quad >>> 8 == 0xEFBBBF) {
+      // With BOM: UTF-8 (Charset does not handle a BOM, so our caller must skip it)
+      return StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+    } else if (numBytes > 3 && (quad & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0) {
+      // Without BOM (i.e., a guess)
+      return UTF_32BE;
+    } else if (numBytes > 3 && (quad & 0x00FFFFFF) == 0) {
+      // Without BOM (i.e., a guess)
+      return UTF_32LE;
+    } else if (numBytes > 3 && (quad & 0xFFFF00FF) == 0 || (quad & 0xFF00FFFF) == 0) {
+      // Without BOM (i.e., a guess): unsupported UCS-4 encoding (byte order 2143
+      // resp. 3412)
+      return null;
+    } else if (numBytes > 1 && (word & 0xFF00) == 0) {
+      // Without BOM (i.e., a guess)
+      return StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE;
+    } else if (numBytes > 1 && (word & 0x00FF) == 0) {
+      // Without BOM (i.e., a guess)
+      return StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE;
+    } else {
+      // Fallback
+      return StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static int quad(byte[] bytes, int length) {
+    int quad = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    switch (length) {
+    default:
+      quad = (quad & 0xFFFFFF00) | (bytes[3] & 0xFF);
+      // Fallthrough
+    case 3:
+      quad = (quad & 0xFFFF00FF) | (bytes[2] & 0xFF) << 8;
+      // Fallthrough
+    case 2:
+      quad = (quad & 0xFF00FFFF) | (bytes[1] & 0xFF) << 16;
+      // Fallthrough
+    case 1:
+      quad = (quad & 0x00FFFFFF) | (bytes[0] & 0xFF) << 24;
+      // Fallthrough
+    case 0:
+      break;
+    }
+    return quad;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMap.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMap.java
index a57cb49ac13..565d8e7ed36 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMap.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMap.java
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 /**
  * Implements a combination of WeakHashMap and IdentityHashMap. Useful for
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
  */
 public class WeakIdentityHashMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V> {
   private final ReferenceQueue<K> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
-  private Map<IdentityWeakReference, V> backingStore = new HashMap<>();
+  private Map<IdentityWeakReference, V> backingStore = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
   public WeakIdentityHashMap() {
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/JacksonUtils.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/JacksonUtils.java
index 1a822899f97..02a3872d43f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/JacksonUtils.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/JacksonUtils.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro.util.internal;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ static void toJson(Object datum, JsonGenerator generator) throws IOException {
       }
       generator.writeEndArray();
     } else if (datum instanceof byte[]) { // bytes, fixed
-      generator.writeString(new String((byte[]) datum, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
+      generator.writeBinary((byte[]) datum);// writeString(new String((byte[]) datum, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
     } else if (datum instanceof CharSequence || datum instanceof Enum<?>) { // string, enum
       generator.writeString(datum.toString());
     } else if (datum instanceof Double) { // double
@@ -136,10 +137,23 @@ public static Object toObject(JsonNode jsonNode, Schema schema) {
         return jsonNode.asDouble();
       }
     } else if (jsonNode.isDouble() || jsonNode.isFloat()) {
-      if (schema == null || schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.DOUBLE)) {
-        return jsonNode.asDouble();
-      } else if (schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.FLOAT)) {
-        return (float) jsonNode.asDouble();
+      if (schema != null) {
+        if (schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.DOUBLE)) {
+          return jsonNode.doubleValue();
+        } else if (schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.FLOAT)) {
+          return jsonNode.floatValue();
+        }
+      } else if (jsonNode.isDouble()) {
+        return jsonNode.doubleValue();
+      } else {
+        return jsonNode.floatValue();
+      }
+    } else if (jsonNode.isBinary()) {
+      try {
+        return jsonNode.binaryValue();
+      } catch (IOException ex) {
+        // only for TextNode, so, can't happen with binaryNode.
+        throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
       }
     } else if (jsonNode.isTextual()) {
       if (schema == null || schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.STRING) || schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.ENUM)) {
@@ -175,7 +189,7 @@ public static Object toObject(JsonNode jsonNode, Schema schema) {
 
   /**
    * Convert an object into a map
-   * 
+   *
    * @param datum The object
    * @return Its Map representation
    */
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/Assert.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/Assert.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70e2e9f3b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/Assert.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Assertion utility class that assists in validating arguments.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Useful for identifying programmer errors early and clearly at runtime.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * For example, if the contract of a public method states it does not allow
+ * {@code null} arguments, {@code Assert} can be used to validate that contract.
+ * Doing this clearly indicates a contract violation when it occurs and protects
+ * the class's invariants.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Typically used to validate method arguments rather than configuration
+ * properties, to check for cases that are usually programmer errors rather than
+ * configuration errors. In contrast to configuration initialization code, there
+ * is usually no point in falling back to defaults in such methods.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class is similar to JUnit's assertion library. If an argument value is
+ * deemed invalid, an {@link IllegalArgumentException} is thrown (typically).
+ * For example:
+ * 
+ * <pre class="code">
+ * Assert.notNull(clazz, "The class must not be null");
+ * Assert.isTrue(i &gt; 0, "The value must be greater than zero");
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Mainly for internal use within the framework; for a more comprehensive suite
+ * of assertion utilities consider {@code org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate}
+ * from <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/">Apache Commons
+ * Lang</a>, Google Guava's <a href=
+ * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PreconditionsExplained">Preconditions</a>,
+ * or similar third-party libraries.
+ *
+ * @author Keith Donald
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @author Colin Sampaleanu
+ * @author Rob Harrop
+ * @since 1.1.2
+ */
+class Assert {
+  private Assert() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert a boolean expression, throwing an {@code IllegalStateException} if the
+   * expression evaluates to {@code false}.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * Assert.state(id == null, "The id property must not already be initialized");
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param expression a boolean expression
+   * @param message    the exception message to use if the assertion fails
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if {@code expression} is {@code false}
+   */
+  public static void state(boolean expression, String message) {
+    if (!expression) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert a boolean expression, throwing an {@code IllegalArgumentException} if
+   * the expression evaluates to {@code false}.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * Assert.isTrue(i &gt; 0, "The value must be greater than zero");
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param expression a boolean expression
+   * @param message    the exception message to use if the assertion fails
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expression} is {@code false}
+   */
+  public static void isTrue(boolean expression, String message) {
+    if (!expression) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that an object is not {@code null}.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * Assert.notNull(clazz, "The class must not be null");
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param object  the object to check
+   * @param message the exception message to use if the assertion fails
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the object is {@code null}
+   */
+  public static void notNull(@Nullable Object object, String message) {
+    if (object == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a137cf2101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+
+import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
+import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.AbstractSet;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ConcurrentHashMap} that uses {@link ReferenceType#SOFT soft} or
+ * {@linkplain ReferenceType#WEAK weak} references for both {@code keys} and
+ * {@code values}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class can be used as an alternative to
+ * {@code Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<K, Reference<V>>())} in
+ * order to support better performance when accessed concurrently. This
+ * implementation follows the same design constraints as
+ * {@link ConcurrentHashMap} with the exception that {@code null} values and
+ * {@code null} keys are supported.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <b>NOTE:</b> The use of references means that there is no guarantee that
+ * items placed into the map will be subsequently available. The garbage
+ * collector may discard references at any time, so it may appear that an
+ * unknown thread is silently removing entries.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * If not explicitly specified, this implementation will use
+ * {@linkplain SoftReference soft entry references}.
+ *
+ * @param <K> the key type
+ * @param <V> the value type
+ * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 3.2
+ */
+public class ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> implements ConcurrentMap<K, V> {
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
+
+  private static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
+
+  private static final ReferenceType DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE = ReferenceType.SOFT;
+
+  private static final int MAXIMUM_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 1 << 16;
+
+  private static final int MAXIMUM_SEGMENT_SIZE = 1 << 30;
+
+  /**
+   * Array of segments indexed using the high order bits from the hash.
+   */
+  private final Segment[] segments;
+
+  /**
+   * When the average number of references per table exceeds this value resize
+   * will be attempted.
+   */
+  private final float loadFactor;
+
+  /**
+   * The reference type: SOFT or WEAK.
+   */
+  private final ReferenceType referenceType;
+
+  /**
+   * The shift value used to calculate the size of the segments array and an index
+   * from the hash.
+   */
+  private final int shift;
+
+  /**
+   * Late binding entry set.
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  private volatile Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap() {
+    this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL, DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the map
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
+    this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL, DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the map
+   * @param loadFactor      the load factor. When the average number of references
+   *                        per table exceeds this value resize will be attempted
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
+    this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL, DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the map
+   * @param concurrencyLevel the expected number of threads that will concurrently
+   *                         write to the map
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity, int concurrencyLevel) {
+    this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, concurrencyLevel, DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the map
+   * @param referenceType   the reference type used for entries (soft or weak)
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity, ReferenceType referenceType) {
+    this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL, referenceType);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the map
+   * @param loadFactor       the load factor. When the average number of
+   *                         references per table exceeds this value, resize will
+   *                         be attempted.
+   * @param concurrencyLevel the expected number of threads that will concurrently
+   *                         write to the map
+   */
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
+    this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, concurrencyLevel, DEFAULT_REFERENCE_TYPE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code ConcurrentReferenceHashMap} instance.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the map
+   * @param loadFactor       the load factor. When the average number of
+   *                         references per table exceeds this value, resize will
+   *                         be attempted.
+   * @param concurrencyLevel the expected number of threads that will concurrently
+   *                         write to the map
+   * @param referenceType    the reference type used for entries (soft or weak)
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public ConcurrentReferenceHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel,
+      ReferenceType referenceType) {
+
+    Assert.isTrue(initialCapacity >= 0, "Initial capacity must not be negative");
+    Assert.isTrue(loadFactor > 0f, "Load factor must be positive");
+    Assert.isTrue(concurrencyLevel > 0, "Concurrency level must be positive");
+    Assert.notNull(referenceType, "Reference type must not be null");
+    this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
+    this.shift = calculateShift(concurrencyLevel, MAXIMUM_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
+    int size = 1 << this.shift;
+    this.referenceType = referenceType;
+    int roundedUpSegmentCapacity = (int) ((initialCapacity + size - 1L) / size);
+    int initialSize = 1 << calculateShift(roundedUpSegmentCapacity, MAXIMUM_SEGMENT_SIZE);
+    Segment[] segments = (Segment[]) Array.newInstance(Segment.class, size);
+    int resizeThreshold = (int) (initialSize * getLoadFactor());
+    for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
+      segments[i] = new Segment(initialSize, resizeThreshold);
+    }
+    this.segments = segments;
+  }
+
+  protected final float getLoadFactor() {
+    return this.loadFactor;
+  }
+
+  protected final int getSegmentsSize() {
+    return this.segments.length;
+  }
+
+  protected final Segment getSegment(int index) {
+    return this.segments[index];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory method that returns the {@link ReferenceManager}. This method will be
+   * called once for each {@link Segment}.
+   *
+   * @return a new reference manager
+   */
+  protected ReferenceManager createReferenceManager() {
+    return new ReferenceManager();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the hash for a given object, apply an additional hash function to reduce
+   * collisions. This implementation uses the same Wang/Jenkins algorithm as
+   * {@link ConcurrentHashMap}. Subclasses can override to provide alternative
+   * hashing.
+   *
+   * @param o the object to hash (may be null)
+   * @return the resulting hash code
+   */
+  protected int getHash(@Nullable Object o) {
+    int hash = (o != null ? o.hashCode() : 0);
+    hash += (hash << 15) ^ 0xffffcd7d;
+    hash ^= (hash >>> 10);
+    hash += (hash << 3);
+    hash ^= (hash >>> 6);
+    hash += (hash << 2) + (hash << 14);
+    hash ^= (hash >>> 16);
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V get(@Nullable Object key) {
+    Reference<K, V> ref = getReference(key, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY);
+    Entry<K, V> entry = (ref != null ? ref.get() : null);
+    return (entry != null ? entry.getValue() : null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V getOrDefault(@Nullable Object key, @Nullable V defaultValue) {
+    Reference<K, V> ref = getReference(key, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY);
+    Entry<K, V> entry = (ref != null ? ref.get() : null);
+    return (entry != null ? entry.getValue() : defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsKey(@Nullable Object key) {
+    Reference<K, V> ref = getReference(key, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY);
+    Entry<K, V> entry = (ref != null ? ref.get() : null);
+    return (entry != null && ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(entry.getKey(), key));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a {@link Reference} to the {@link Entry} for the specified
+   * {@code key}, or {@code null} if not found.
+   *
+   * @param key         the key (can be {@code null})
+   * @param restructure types of restructure allowed during this call
+   * @return the reference, or {@code null} if not found
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  protected final Reference<K, V> getReference(@Nullable Object key, Restructure restructure) {
+    int hash = getHash(key);
+    return getSegmentForHash(hash).getReference(key, hash, restructure);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V put(@Nullable K key, @Nullable V value) {
+    return put(key, value, true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V putIfAbsent(@Nullable K key, @Nullable V value) {
+    return put(key, value, false);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private V put(@Nullable final K key, @Nullable final V value, final boolean overwriteExisting) {
+    return doTask(key, new Task<V>(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_BEFORE, TaskOption.RESIZE) {
+      @Override
+      @Nullable
+      protected V execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry, @Nullable Entries<V> entries) {
+        if (entry != null) {
+          V oldValue = entry.getValue();
+          if (overwriteExisting) {
+            entry.setValue(value);
+          }
+          return oldValue;
+        }
+        Assert.state(entries != null, "No entries segment");
+        entries.add(value);
+        return null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V remove(@Nullable Object key) {
+    return doTask(key, new Task<V>(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_AFTER, TaskOption.SKIP_IF_EMPTY) {
+      @Override
+      @Nullable
+      protected V execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry) {
+        if (entry != null) {
+          if (ref != null) {
+            ref.release();
+          }
+          return entry.value;
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(@Nullable Object key, final @Nullable Object value) {
+    Boolean result = doTask(key, new Task<Boolean>(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_AFTER, TaskOption.SKIP_IF_EMPTY) {
+      @Override
+      protected Boolean execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry) {
+        if (entry != null && ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(entry.getValue(), value)) {
+          if (ref != null) {
+            ref.release();
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+    return (Boolean.TRUE.equals(result));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean replace(@Nullable K key, final @Nullable V oldValue, final @Nullable V newValue) {
+    Boolean result = doTask(key, new Task<Boolean>(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_BEFORE, TaskOption.SKIP_IF_EMPTY) {
+      @Override
+      protected Boolean execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry) {
+        if (entry != null && ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(entry.getValue(), oldValue)) {
+          entry.setValue(newValue);
+          return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+    return (Boolean.TRUE.equals(result));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public V replace(@Nullable K key, final @Nullable V value) {
+    return doTask(key, new Task<V>(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_BEFORE, TaskOption.SKIP_IF_EMPTY) {
+      @Override
+      @Nullable
+      protected V execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry) {
+        if (entry != null) {
+          V oldValue = entry.getValue();
+          entry.setValue(value);
+          return oldValue;
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    for (Segment segment : this.segments) {
+      segment.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove any entries that have been garbage collected and are no longer
+   * referenced. Under normal circumstances garbage collected entries are
+   * automatically purged as items are added or removed from the Map. This method
+   * can be used to force a purge, and is useful when the Map is read frequently
+   * but updated less often.
+   */
+  public void purgeUnreferencedEntries() {
+    for (Segment segment : this.segments) {
+      segment.restructureIfNecessary(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    int size = 0;
+    for (Segment segment : this.segments) {
+      size += segment.getCount();
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isEmpty() {
+    for (Segment segment : this.segments) {
+      if (segment.getCount() > 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
+    Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet = this.entrySet;
+    if (entrySet == null) {
+      entrySet = new EntrySet();
+      this.entrySet = entrySet;
+    }
+    return entrySet;
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private <T> T doTask(@Nullable Object key, Task<T> task) {
+    int hash = getHash(key);
+    return getSegmentForHash(hash).doTask(hash, key, task);
+  }
+
+  private Segment getSegmentForHash(int hash) {
+    return this.segments[(hash >>> (32 - this.shift)) & (this.segments.length - 1)];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate a shift value that can be used to create a power-of-two value
+   * between the specified maximum and minimum values.
+   *
+   * @param minimumValue the minimum value
+   * @param maximumValue the maximum value
+   * @return the calculated shift (use {@code 1 << shift} to obtain a value)
+   */
+  protected static int calculateShift(int minimumValue, int maximumValue) {
+    int shift = 0;
+    int value = 1;
+    while (value < minimumValue && value < maximumValue) {
+      value <<= 1;
+      shift++;
+    }
+    return shift;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Various reference types supported by this map.
+   */
+  public enum ReferenceType {
+
+    /**
+     * Use {@link SoftReference SoftReferences}.
+     */
+    SOFT,
+
+    /**
+     * Use {@link WeakReference WeakReferences}.
+     */
+    WEAK
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A single segment used to divide the map to allow better concurrent
+   * performance.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+  protected final class Segment extends ReentrantLock {
+
+    private final ReferenceManager referenceManager;
+
+    private final int initialSize;
+
+    /**
+     * Array of references indexed using the low order bits from the hash. This
+     * property should only be set along with {@code resizeThreshold}.
+     */
+    private volatile Reference<K, V>[] references;
+
+    /**
+     * The total number of references contained in this segment. This includes
+     * chained references and references that have been garbage collected but not
+     * purged.
+     */
+    private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * The threshold when resizing of the references should occur. When
+     * {@code count} exceeds this value references will be resized.
+     */
+    private int resizeThreshold;
+
+    public Segment(int initialSize, int resizeThreshold) {
+      this.referenceManager = createReferenceManager();
+      this.initialSize = initialSize;
+      this.references = createReferenceArray(initialSize);
+      this.resizeThreshold = resizeThreshold;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public Reference<K, V> getReference(@Nullable Object key, int hash, Restructure restructure) {
+      if (restructure == Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY) {
+        restructureIfNecessary(false);
+      }
+      if (this.count.get() == 0) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      // Use a local copy to protect against other threads writing
+      Reference<K, V>[] references = this.references;
+      int index = getIndex(hash, references);
+      Reference<K, V> head = references[index];
+      return findInChain(head, key, hash);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an update operation to this segment. The segment will be locked during
+     * the update.
+     *
+     * @param hash the hash of the key
+     * @param key  the key
+     * @param task the update operation
+     * @return the result of the operation
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public <T> T doTask(final int hash, @Nullable final Object key, final Task<T> task) {
+      boolean resize = task.hasOption(TaskOption.RESIZE);
+      if (task.hasOption(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_BEFORE)) {
+        restructureIfNecessary(resize);
+      }
+      if (task.hasOption(TaskOption.SKIP_IF_EMPTY) && this.count.get() == 0) {
+        return task.execute(null, null, null);
+      }
+      lock();
+      try {
+        final int index = getIndex(hash, this.references);
+        final Reference<K, V> head = this.references[index];
+        Reference<K, V> ref = findInChain(head, key, hash);
+        Entry<K, V> entry = (ref != null ? ref.get() : null);
+        Entries<V> entries = value -> {
+          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+          Entry<K, V> newEntry = new Entry<>((K) key, value);
+          Reference<K, V> newReference = Segment.this.referenceManager.createReference(newEntry, hash, head);
+          Segment.this.references[index] = newReference;
+          Segment.this.count.incrementAndGet();
+        };
+        return task.execute(ref, entry, entries);
+      } finally {
+        unlock();
+        if (task.hasOption(TaskOption.RESTRUCTURE_AFTER)) {
+          restructureIfNecessary(resize);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all items from this segment.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+      if (this.count.get() == 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+      lock();
+      try {
+        this.references = createReferenceArray(this.initialSize);
+        this.resizeThreshold = (int) (this.references.length * getLoadFactor());
+        this.count.set(0);
+      } finally {
+        unlock();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Restructure the underlying data structure when it becomes necessary. This
+     * method can increase the size of the references table as well as purge any
+     * references that have been garbage collected.
+     *
+     * @param allowResize if resizing is permitted
+     */
+    private void restructureIfNecessary(boolean allowResize) {
+      int currCount = this.count.get();
+      boolean needsResize = allowResize && (currCount > 0 && currCount >= this.resizeThreshold);
+      Reference<K, V> ref = this.referenceManager.pollForPurge();
+      if (ref != null || (needsResize)) {
+        restructure(allowResize, ref);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void restructure(boolean allowResize, @Nullable Reference<K, V> ref) {
+      boolean needsResize;
+      lock();
+      try {
+        int countAfterRestructure = this.count.get();
+        Set<Reference<K, V>> toPurge = Collections.emptySet();
+        if (ref != null) {
+          toPurge = new HashSet<>();
+          while (ref != null) {
+            toPurge.add(ref);
+            ref = this.referenceManager.pollForPurge();
+          }
+        }
+        countAfterRestructure -= toPurge.size();
+
+        // Recalculate taking into account count inside lock and items that
+        // will be purged
+        needsResize = (countAfterRestructure > 0 && countAfterRestructure >= this.resizeThreshold);
+        boolean resizing = false;
+        int restructureSize = this.references.length;
+        if (allowResize && needsResize && restructureSize < MAXIMUM_SEGMENT_SIZE) {
+          restructureSize <<= 1;
+          resizing = true;
+        }
+
+        // Either create a new table or reuse the existing one
+        Reference<K, V>[] restructured = (resizing ? createReferenceArray(restructureSize) : this.references);
+
+        // Restructure
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.references.length; i++) {
+          ref = this.references[i];
+          if (!resizing) {
+            restructured[i] = null;
+          }
+          while (ref != null) {
+            if (!toPurge.contains(ref)) {
+              Entry<K, V> entry = ref.get();
+              if (entry != null) {
+                int index = getIndex(ref.getHash(), restructured);
+                restructured[index] = this.referenceManager.createReference(entry, ref.getHash(), restructured[index]);
+              }
+            }
+            ref = ref.getNext();
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Replace volatile members
+        if (resizing) {
+          this.references = restructured;
+          this.resizeThreshold = (int) (this.references.length * getLoadFactor());
+        }
+        this.count.set(Math.max(countAfterRestructure, 0));
+      } finally {
+        unlock();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Reference<K, V> findInChain(Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Object key, int hash) {
+      Reference<K, V> currRef = ref;
+      while (currRef != null) {
+        if (currRef.getHash() == hash) {
+          Entry<K, V> entry = currRef.get();
+          if (entry != null) {
+            K entryKey = entry.getKey();
+            if (ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(entryKey, key)) {
+              return currRef;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        currRef = currRef.getNext();
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked" })
+    private Reference<K, V>[] createReferenceArray(int size) {
+      return new Reference[size];
+    }
+
+    private int getIndex(int hash, Reference<K, V>[] references) {
+      return (hash & (references.length - 1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the size of the current references array.
+     */
+    public int getSize() {
+      return this.references.length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the total number of references in this segment.
+     */
+    public int getCount() {
+      return this.count.get();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A reference to an {@link Entry} contained in the map. Implementations are
+   * usually wrappers around specific Java reference implementations (e.g.,
+   * {@link SoftReference}).
+   *
+   * @param <K> the key type
+   * @param <V> the value type
+   */
+  protected interface Reference<K, V> {
+
+    /**
+     * Return the referenced entry, or {@code null} if the entry is no longer
+     * available.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    Entry<K, V> get();
+
+    /**
+     * Return the hash for the reference.
+     */
+    int getHash();
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next reference in the chain, or {@code null} if none.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    Reference<K, V> getNext();
+
+    /**
+     * Release this entry and ensure that it will be returned from
+     * {@code ReferenceManager#pollForPurge()}.
+     */
+    void release();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A single map entry.
+   *
+   * @param <K> the key type
+   * @param <V> the value type
+   */
+  protected static final class Entry<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final K key;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private volatile V value;
+
+    public Entry(@Nullable K key, @Nullable V value) {
+      this.key = key;
+      this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public K getKey() {
+      return this.key;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public V getValue() {
+      return this.value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public V setValue(@Nullable V value) {
+      V previous = this.value;
+      this.value = value;
+      return previous;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return (this.key + "=" + this.value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+      if (this == other) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!(other instanceof Map.Entry)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Map.Entry otherEntry = (Map.Entry) other;
+      return (ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getKey(), otherEntry.getKey())
+          && ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getValue(), otherEntry.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return (ObjectUtils.nullSafeHashCode(this.key) ^ ObjectUtils.nullSafeHashCode(this.value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A task that can be {@link Segment#doTask run} against a {@link Segment}.
+   */
+  private abstract class Task<T> {
+
+    private final EnumSet<TaskOption> options;
+
+    public Task(TaskOption... options) {
+      this.options = (options.length == 0 ? EnumSet.noneOf(TaskOption.class) : EnumSet.of(options[0], options));
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasOption(TaskOption option) {
+      return this.options.contains(option);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the task.
+     *
+     * @param ref     the found reference (or {@code null})
+     * @param entry   the found entry (or {@code null})
+     * @param entries access to the underlying entries
+     * @return the result of the task
+     * @see #execute(Reference, Entry)
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    protected T execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry, @Nullable Entries<V> entries) {
+      return execute(ref, entry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method that can be used for tasks that do not need access to
+     * {@link Entries}.
+     *
+     * @param ref   the found reference (or {@code null})
+     * @param entry the found entry (or {@code null})
+     * @return the result of the task
+     * @see #execute(Reference, Entry, Entries)
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    protected T execute(@Nullable Reference<K, V> ref, @Nullable Entry<K, V> entry) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Various options supported by a {@code Task}.
+   */
+  private enum TaskOption {
+
+    RESTRUCTURE_BEFORE, RESTRUCTURE_AFTER, SKIP_IF_EMPTY, RESIZE
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Allows a task access to {@link Segment} entries.
+   */
+  private interface Entries<V> {
+
+    /**
+     * Add a new entry with the specified value.
+     *
+     * @param value the value to add
+     */
+    void add(@Nullable V value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal entry-set implementation.
+   */
+  private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+      return new EntryIterator();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean contains(@Nullable Object o) {
+      if (o instanceof Map.Entry<?, ?>) {
+        Map.Entry<?, ?> entry = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
+        Reference<K, V> ref = ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.getReference(entry.getKey(), Restructure.NEVER);
+        Entry<K, V> otherEntry = (ref != null ? ref.get() : null);
+        if (otherEntry != null) {
+          return ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(entry.getValue(), otherEntry.getValue());
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean remove(Object o) {
+      if (o instanceof Map.Entry<?, ?>) {
+        Map.Entry<?, ?> entry = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
+        return ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.remove(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal entry iterator implementation.
+   */
+  private class EntryIterator implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+
+    private int segmentIndex;
+
+    private int referenceIndex;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Reference<K, V>[] references;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Reference<K, V> reference;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Entry<K, V> next;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Entry<K, V> last;
+
+    public EntryIterator() {
+      moveToNextSegment();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      getNextIfNecessary();
+      return (this.next != null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Entry<K, V> next() {
+      getNextIfNecessary();
+      if (this.next == null) {
+        throw new NoSuchElementException();
+      }
+      this.last = this.next;
+      this.next = null;
+      return this.last;
+    }
+
+    private void getNextIfNecessary() {
+      while (this.next == null) {
+        moveToNextReference();
+        if (this.reference == null) {
+          return;
+        }
+        this.next = this.reference.get();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void moveToNextReference() {
+      if (this.reference != null) {
+        this.reference = this.reference.getNext();
+      }
+      while (this.reference == null && this.references != null) {
+        if (this.referenceIndex >= this.references.length) {
+          moveToNextSegment();
+          this.referenceIndex = 0;
+        } else {
+          this.reference = this.references[this.referenceIndex];
+          this.referenceIndex++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void moveToNextSegment() {
+      this.reference = null;
+      this.references = null;
+      if (this.segmentIndex < ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.segments.length) {
+        this.references = ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.segments[this.segmentIndex].references;
+        this.segmentIndex++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      Assert.state(this.last != null, "No element to remove");
+      ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.remove(this.last.getKey());
+      this.last = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The types of restructuring that can be performed.
+   */
+  protected enum Restructure {
+
+    WHEN_NECESSARY, NEVER
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Strategy class used to manage {@link Reference References}. This class can be
+   * overridden if alternative reference types need to be supported.
+   */
+  protected class ReferenceManager {
+
+    private final ReferenceQueue<Entry<K, V>> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method used to create a new {@link Reference}.
+     *
+     * @param entry the entry contained in the reference
+     * @param hash  the hash
+     * @param next  the next reference in the chain, or {@code null} if none
+     * @return a new {@link Reference}
+     */
+    public Reference<K, V> createReference(Entry<K, V> entry, int hash, @Nullable Reference<K, V> next) {
+      if (ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.this.referenceType == ReferenceType.WEAK) {
+        return new WeakEntryReference<>(entry, hash, next, this.queue);
+      }
+      return new SoftEntryReference<>(entry, hash, next, this.queue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return any reference that has been garbage collected and can be purged from
+     * the underlying structure or {@code null} if no references need purging. This
+     * method must be thread safe and ideally should not block when returning
+     * {@code null}. References should be returned once and only once.
+     *
+     * @return a reference to purge or {@code null}
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Nullable
+    public Reference<K, V> pollForPurge() {
+      return (Reference<K, V>) this.queue.poll();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal {@link Reference} implementation for {@link SoftReference
+   * SoftReferences}.
+   */
+  private static final class SoftEntryReference<K, V> extends SoftReference<Entry<K, V>> implements Reference<K, V> {
+
+    private final int hash;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Reference<K, V> nextReference;
+
+    public SoftEntryReference(Entry<K, V> entry, int hash, @Nullable Reference<K, V> next,
+        ReferenceQueue<Entry<K, V>> queue) {
+
+      super(entry, queue);
+      this.hash = hash;
+      this.nextReference = next;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getHash() {
+      return this.hash;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public Reference<K, V> getNext() {
+      return this.nextReference;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void release() {
+      enqueue();
+      clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal {@link Reference} implementation for {@link WeakReference
+   * WeakReferences}.
+   */
+  private static final class WeakEntryReference<K, V> extends WeakReference<Entry<K, V>> implements Reference<K, V> {
+
+    private final int hash;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Reference<K, V> nextReference;
+
+    public WeakEntryReference(Entry<K, V> entry, int hash, @Nullable Reference<K, V> next,
+        ReferenceQueue<Entry<K, V>> queue) {
+
+      super(entry, queue);
+      this.hash = hash;
+      this.nextReference = next;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getHash() {
+      return this.hash;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public Reference<K, V> getNext() {
+      return this.nextReference;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void release() {
+      enqueue();
+      clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ObjectUtils.java b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ObjectUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8e0c45180e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ObjectUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+import org.apache.avro.util.ClassUtils;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Miscellaneous object utility methods.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Mainly for internal use within the framework.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Thanks to Alex Ruiz for contributing several enhancements to this class!
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Keith Donald
+ * @author Rod Johnson
+ * @author Rob Harrop
+ * @author Chris Beams
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @see ClassUtils see CollectionUtils see StringUtils
+ * @since 19.03.2004
+ */
+class ObjectUtils {
+  private ObjectUtils() {
+  }
+
+  private static final int INITIAL_HASH = 7;
+  private static final int MULTIPLIER = 31;
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether the given array is empty: i.e. {@code null} or of zero
+   * length.
+   *
+   * @param array the array to check
+   */
+  public static boolean isEmpty(@Nullable Object[] array) {
+    return (array == null || array.length == 0);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Convenience methods for content-based equality/hash-code handling
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Determine if the given objects are equal, returning {@code true} if both are
+   * {@code null} or {@code false} if only one is {@code null}.
+   * <p>
+   * Compares arrays with {@code Arrays.equals}, performing an equality check
+   * based on the array elements rather than the array reference.
+   *
+   * @param o1 first Object to compare
+   * @param o2 second Object to compare
+   * @return whether the given objects are equal
+   * @see Object#equals(Object)
+   * @see Arrays#equals
+   */
+  public static boolean nullSafeEquals(@Nullable Object o1, @Nullable Object o2) {
+    if (o1 == o2) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (o1 == null || o2 == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (o1.equals(o2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (o1.getClass().isArray() && o2.getClass().isArray()) {
+      return arrayEquals(o1, o2);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compare the given arrays with {@code Arrays.equals}, performing an equality
+   * check based on the array elements rather than the array reference.
+   *
+   * @param o1 first array to compare
+   * @param o2 second array to compare
+   * @return whether the given objects are equal
+   * @see #nullSafeEquals(Object, Object)
+   * @see Arrays#equals
+   */
+  private static boolean arrayEquals(Object o1, Object o2) {
+    if (o1 instanceof Object[] && o2 instanceof Object[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((Object[]) o1, (Object[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof boolean[] && o2 instanceof boolean[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((boolean[]) o1, (boolean[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof byte[] && o2 instanceof byte[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((byte[]) o1, (byte[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof char[] && o2 instanceof char[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((char[]) o1, (char[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof double[] && o2 instanceof double[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((double[]) o1, (double[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof float[] && o2 instanceof float[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((float[]) o1, (float[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof int[] && o2 instanceof int[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((int[]) o1, (int[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof long[] && o2 instanceof long[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((long[]) o1, (long[]) o2);
+    }
+    if (o1 instanceof short[] && o2 instanceof short[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((short[]) o1, (short[]) o2);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return as hash code for the given object; typically the value of
+   * {@code Object#hashCode()}}. If the object is an array, this method will
+   * delegate to any of the {@code nullSafeHashCode} methods for arrays in this
+   * class. If the object is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   *
+   * @see Object#hashCode()
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(Object[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(boolean[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(byte[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(char[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(double[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(float[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(int[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(long[])
+   * @see #nullSafeHashCode(short[])
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable Object obj) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+      if (obj instanceof Object[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((Object[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof boolean[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((boolean[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof byte[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((byte[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof char[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((char[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof double[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((double[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof float[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((float[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof int[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((int[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof long[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((long[]) obj);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof short[]) {
+        return nullSafeHashCode((short[]) obj);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable Object[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (Object element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + nullSafeHashCode(element);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable boolean[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (boolean element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + Boolean.hashCode(element);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable byte[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (byte element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + element;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable char[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (char element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + element;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable double[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (double element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + Double.hashCode(element);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable float[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (float element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + Float.hashCode(element);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable int[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (int element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + element;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable long[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (long element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + Long.hashCode(element);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If
+   * {@code array} is {@code null}, this method returns 0.
+   */
+  public static int nullSafeHashCode(@Nullable short[] array) {
+    if (array == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int hash = INITIAL_HASH;
+    for (short element : array) {
+      hash = MULTIPLIER * hash + element;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory b/lang/java/avro/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06f140bde45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+org.apache.avro.JsonSchemaFormatterFactory
+org.apache.avro.CanonicalSchemaFormatterFactory
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomType.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomType.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..140ac901b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomType.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class CustomType {
+  private final String name;
+
+  public CustomType(CharSequence name) {
+    this.name = name.toString();
+  }
+
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hashCode(name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+    return obj instanceof CustomType && name.equals(((CustomType) obj).name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "CustomType{name='" + name + "'}";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeConverter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeConverter.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de8fea02ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeConverter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+public class CustomTypeConverter extends Conversion<CustomType> {
+  private static final CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory logicalTypeFactory = new CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory();
+
+  @Override
+  public Class<CustomType> getConvertedType() {
+    return CustomType.class;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+    return logicalTypeFactory.getTypeName();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+    return Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public CustomType fromCharSequence(CharSequence value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+    return new CustomType(value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public CharSequence toCharSequence(CustomType value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+    return value.getName();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e121e0242c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+public class CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory implements LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory {
+  @Override
+  public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
+    return new LogicalType(getTypeName());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getTypeName() {
+    return "custom";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DummySchemaParser.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DummySchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db7dc640521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DummySchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+
+public class DummySchemaParser implements FormattedSchemaParser {
+  /**
+   * Logger for this class.
+   */
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DummySchemaParser.class);
+  public static final String SCHEMA_TEXT_ONE = "one";
+  public static final Schema FIXED_SCHEMA = Schema.createFixed("DummyOne", null, "tests", 42);
+  public static final String SCHEMA_TEXT_ERROR = "error";
+  public static final String SCHEMA_TEXT_IO_ERROR = "io-error";
+  public static final String ERROR_MESSAGE = "Syntax error";
+  public static final String IO_ERROR_MESSAGE = "I/O error";
+
+  @Override
+  public Schema parse(ParseContext parseContext, URI baseUri, CharSequence formattedSchema)
+      throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    LOGGER.debug("Using DummySchemaParser for {}", formattedSchema);
+    if (SCHEMA_TEXT_ONE.contentEquals(formattedSchema)) {
+      parseContext.put(FIXED_SCHEMA);
+      return FIXED_SCHEMA;
+    } else if (SCHEMA_TEXT_ERROR.contentEquals(formattedSchema)) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
+    } else if (SCHEMA_TEXT_IO_ERROR.contentEquals(formattedSchema)) {
+      throw new IOException(IO_ERROR_MESSAGE);
+    }
+    // Syntax not recognized
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContextTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContextTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d40a6cc9d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ParseContextTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaResolver;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+public class ParseContextTest {
+  Schema fooRecord, fooRecordCopy, barEnum, bazFixed, mehRecord;
+  ParseContext fooBarBaz;
+
+  @BeforeEach
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    fooRecord = SchemaBuilder.record("ns.Foo").fields().endRecord();
+    fooRecordCopy = SchemaBuilder.record("ns.Foo").fields().endRecord();
+    barEnum = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("ns.Bar").symbols();
+    bazFixed = SchemaBuilder.fixed("ns.Baz").size(8);
+    mehRecord = SchemaBuilder.record("ns.Meh").fields().endRecord();
+
+    fooBarBaz = new ParseContext();
+    fooBarBaz.put(fooRecord);
+    fooBarBaz.put(barEnum);
+    fooBarBaz.put(bazFixed);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void checkNewNameContextContainsPrimitives() {
+    EnumSet<Schema.Type> complexTypes = EnumSet.of(Schema.Type.RECORD, Schema.Type.ENUM, Schema.Type.FIXED,
+        Schema.Type.UNION, Schema.Type.ARRAY, Schema.Type.MAP);
+    EnumSet<Schema.Type> primitives = EnumSet.complementOf(complexTypes);
+
+    ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
+    for (Schema.Type type : complexTypes) {
+      assertFalse(context.contains(type.getName()));
+    }
+    for (Schema.Type type : primitives) {
+      assertTrue(context.contains(type.getName()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void primitivesAreNotCached() {
+    EnumSet<Schema.Type> primitives = EnumSet.complementOf(EnumSet.of(Schema.Type.RECORD, Schema.Type.ENUM,
+        Schema.Type.FIXED, Schema.Type.UNION, Schema.Type.ARRAY, Schema.Type.MAP));
+
+    ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
+    for (Schema.Type type : primitives) {
+      Schema first = context.find(type.getName(), null);
+      Schema second = context.find(type.getName(), null);
+      assertEquals(first, second);
+      assertNotSame(first, second);
+
+      first.addProp("logicalType", "brick");
+      assertNotEquals(first, second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateSchemaRetrievalFailure() {
+    Schema unknown = Schema.createFixed("unknown", null, null, 0);
+
+    Schema unresolved = fooBarBaz.find("unknown", null);
+    assertTrue(SchemaResolver.isUnresolvedSchema(unresolved));
+    assertEquals(unknown.getFullName(), SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(unresolved));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateSchemaRetrievalByFullName() {
+    assertSame(fooRecord, fooBarBaz.find(fooRecord.getFullName(), null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateSchemaRetrievalBySimpleName() {
+    assertSame(fooRecord, fooBarBaz.find(fooRecord.getName(), fooRecord.getNamespace()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void verifyPutIsIdempotent() {
+    ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
+    assertNotEquals(fooRecord, context.find(fooRecord.getFullName(), null));
+
+    context.put(fooRecord);
+    assertEquals(fooRecord, context.find(fooRecord.getFullName(), null));
+
+    context.put(fooRecord);
+    assertEquals(fooRecord, context.find(fooRecord.getFullName(), null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void verifyPutOnlyAcceptsNamedSchemas() {
+    ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> context.put(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void verifyAddDoesNotAllowChangingSchemas() {
+    Schema fooEnum = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("ns.Foo").symbols();
+
+    ParseContext context = new ParseContext();
+    context.put(fooRecord);
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> context.put(fooEnum));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00b76e28b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaFormatterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class SchemaFormatterTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void validateDefaultNaming() {
+    assertEquals("json", new JsonSchemaFormatterFactory().formatName());
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> new Wrongly_Named_SchemaFormatterFactory().formatName());
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> new SchemaFormatterFactoryWithOddName().formatName());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateJsonFormatDefaultsToPrettyPrinting() {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("ns.Fixed", null, null, 16);
+    assertEquals(SchemaFormatter.format("json", schema), SchemaFormatter.format("json/pretty", schema));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateSupportForPrettyJsonFormat() {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("ns.Fixed", null, null, 16);
+    assertEquals("{\n  \"type\" : \"fixed\",\n  \"name\" : \"Fixed\",\n  \"namespace\" : \"ns\",\n  \"size\" : 16\n}",
+        SchemaFormatter.format("json/pretty", schema));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateSupportForInlineJsonFormat() {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("ns.Fixed", null, null, 16);
+    assertEquals("{\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"Fixed\",\"namespace\":\"ns\",\"size\":16}",
+        SchemaFormatter.format("json/inline", schema));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkThatJsonHasNoExtraVariant() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> SchemaFormatter.getInstance("json/extra"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateSupportForCanonicalFormat() {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("Fixed", "Another test", "ns", 16);
+    assertEquals("{\"name\":\"ns.Fixed\",\"type\":\"fixed\",\"size\":16}", SchemaFormatter.format("canonical", schema));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkThatCanonicalFormHasNoVariants() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> SchemaFormatter.getInstance("canonical/foo"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkExceptionForMissingFormat() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> SchemaFormatter.getInstance("unknown"));
+  }
+
+  private static class Wrongly_Named_SchemaFormatterFactory implements SchemaFormatterFactory {
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter() {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class SchemaFormatterFactoryWithOddName implements SchemaFormatterFactory {
+    @Override
+    public SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter() {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaNameValidatorTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaNameValidatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..871c172875d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/SchemaNameValidatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+class SchemaNameValidatorTest {
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  void validator(NameValidator validator, String input, boolean expectedResult) {
+    NameValidator.Result result = validator.validate(input);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(expectedResult, result.isOK(), result.getErrors());
+  }
+
+  static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, null, false), // null not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, null, false), // null not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "", false), // empty not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "", false), // empty not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "Hello world", false), // space not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "Hello world", false), // space not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "H&", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "H&", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "H=", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "H=", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "H]", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "H]", false), // non letter or digit not accepted
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "Hello_world", true),
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "Hello_world", true),
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "éàçô", true), // Accept accent
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "éàçô", false), // Not Accept accent
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "5éàçô", false), // can't start with number
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "5éàçô", false), // can't start with number
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR, "_Hello_world", true),
+        Arguments.of(NameValidator.STRICT_VALIDATOR, "_Hello_world", true));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestBigDecimalConversion.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestBigDecimalConversion.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e781fe07bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestBigDecimalConversion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Spliterator;
+import java.util.Spliterators;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
+
+public class TestBigDecimalConversion {
+
+  private Conversion<BigDecimal> conversion = new Conversions.BigDecimalConversion();
+
+  private final LogicalType bigDecimal = LogicalTypes.bigDecimal();
+
+  private Schema bytesSchema = conversion.getRecommendedSchema();
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("listBigDecimal")
+  void bigdec(BigDecimal d1) {
+    ByteBuffer d1bytes = conversion.toBytes(d1, bytesSchema, bigDecimal);
+    BigDecimal decimal1 = conversion.fromBytes(d1bytes, bytesSchema, bigDecimal);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(decimal1, d1);
+  }
+
+  static Stream<Arguments> listBigDecimal() {
+    Iterator<BigDecimal> iterator = new Iterator<BigDecimal>() {
+      int index = 0;
+
+      BigDecimal step = new BigDecimal(-2.7d);
+
+      BigDecimal current = new BigDecimal(1.0d);
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        if (index == 50) {
+          // test small bigdecimal
+          current = new BigDecimal(1.0d);
+          step = new BigDecimal(-0.71d);
+        }
+        return index < 100;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public BigDecimal next() {
+        if (!hasNext()) {
+          throw new NoSuchElementException();
+        }
+        index++;
+        current = current.multiply(step);
+        return current;
+      }
+    };
+    return StreamSupport.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator, Spliterator.ORDERED), false)
+        .map(Arguments::of);
+
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCircularReferences.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCircularReferences.java
index c3aa5a61063..6777722fdf2 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCircularReferences.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCircularReferences.java
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -34,16 +37,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestCircularReferences {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder temp = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File temp;
 
   public static class Reference extends LogicalType {
     private static final String REFERENCE = "reference";
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ public String getTypeName() {
     }
   }
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void addReferenceTypes() {
     LogicalTypes.register(Referenceable.REFERENCEABLE, new ReferenceableTypeFactory());
     LogicalTypes.register(Reference.REFERENCE, new ReferenceTypeFactory());
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ public Schema getSchema() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void test() throws IOException {
+  void test() throws IOException {
     ReferenceManager manager = new ReferenceManager();
     GenericData model = new GenericData();
     model.addLogicalTypeConversion(manager.getTracker());
@@ -348,17 +349,17 @@ public void test() throws IOException {
     Record actual = records.get(0);
 
     // because the record is a recursive structure, equals won't work
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should correctly read back the parent id", 1L, actual.get("id"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should correctly read back the parent data", new Utf8("parent data!"), actual.get("p"));
+    assertEquals(1L, actual.get("id"), "Should correctly read back the parent id");
+    assertEquals(new Utf8("parent data!"), actual.get("p"), "Should correctly read back the parent data");
 
     Record actualChild = (Record) actual.get("child");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should correctly read back the child data", new Utf8("child data!"), actualChild.get("c"));
+    assertEquals(new Utf8("child data!"), actualChild.get("c"), "Should correctly read back the child data");
     Object childParent = actualChild.get("parent");
-    Assert.assertTrue("Should have a parent Record object", childParent instanceof Record);
+    assertTrue(childParent instanceof Record, "Should have a parent Record object");
 
     Record childParentRecord = (Record) actualChild.get("parent");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the right parent id", 1L, childParentRecord.get("id"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the right parent data", new Utf8("parent data!"), childParentRecord.get("p"));
+    assertEquals(1L, childParentRecord.get("id"), "Should have the right parent id");
+    assertEquals(new Utf8("parent data!"), childParentRecord.get("p"), "Should have the right parent data");
   }
 
   private <D> List<D> read(GenericData model, Schema schema, File file) throws IOException {
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ private <D> DatumReader<D> newReader(GenericData model, Schema schema) {
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private <D> File write(GenericData model, Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
-    File file = temp.newFile();
+    File file = File.createTempFile("junit", null, temp);
     DatumWriter<D> writer = model.createDatumWriter(schema);
 
     try (DataFileWriter<D> fileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(writer)) {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFile.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFile.java
index a5c0dec3efe..e411ab0effa 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFile.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFile.java
@@ -17,17 +17,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Random;
 import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileStream;
@@ -38,33 +27,40 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
-public class TestDataFile {
-  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestDataFile.class);
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
-  private final CodecFactory codec;
+public class TestDataFile {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestDataFile.class);
 
-  public TestDataFile(CodecFactory codec) {
-    this.codec = codec;
-    LOG.info("Running with codec: " + codec);
-  }
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
-  @Parameters
-  public static List<Object[]> codecs() {
+  public static Stream<Arguments> codecs() {
     List<Object[]> r = new ArrayList<>();
     r.add(new Object[] { null });
     r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.deflateCodec(0) });
@@ -81,7 +77,7 @@ public static List<Object[]> codecs() {
     r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.zstandardCodec(18, true) });
     r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.zstandardCodec(0, false, false) });
     r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.zstandardCodec(0, false, true) });
-    return r;
+    return r.stream().map(Arguments::of);
   }
 
   private static final int COUNT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("test.count", "200"));
@@ -91,29 +87,50 @@ public static List<Object[]> codecs() {
   private static final String SCHEMA_JSON = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Test\", \"fields\": ["
       + "{\"name\":\"stringField\", \"type\":\"string\"}," + "{\"name\":\"longField\", \"type\":\"long\"}]}";
   private static final Schema SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA_JSON);
+  private static final Object LAST_RECORD;
+  static {
+    Object lastValue = null;
+    for (Object object : new RandomData(SCHEMA, COUNT, SEED)) {
+      lastValue = object;
+    }
+    LAST_RECORD = lastValue;
+  }
 
-  private File makeFile() {
-    return new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "test-" + codec + ".avro");
+  private File makeFile(CodecFactory codec) {
+    return new File(DIR, "test-" + codec + ".avro");
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
-    testGenericWrite();
-    testGenericRead();
-    testSplits();
-    testSyncDiscovery();
-    testGenericAppend();
-    testReadWithHeader();
-    testFSync(false);
-    testFSync(true);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  public void runTestsInOrder(CodecFactory codec) throws Exception {
+    // Run for both encoders, but the MethodSource didn't really like it,
+    // so it is just a loop within the test
+    List<Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder>> encoders = new ArrayList<>();
+    encoders.add(b -> new EncoderFactory().directBinaryEncoder(b, null));
+    encoders.add(b -> new EncoderFactory().blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(b, null));
+
+    for (Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> encoder : encoders) {
+      LOG.info("Running with codec: {}", codec);
+      testGenericWrite(codec, encoder);
+      testGenericRead(codec);
+      testSplits(codec);
+      testSyncDiscovery(codec);
+      testReadLastRecord(codec);
+      testGenericAppend(codec, encoder);
+      testReadWithHeader(codec);
+      testFSync(codec, encoder, false);
+      testFSync(codec, encoder, true);
+    }
   }
 
-  private void testGenericWrite() throws IOException {
+  private void testGenericWrite(CodecFactory codec, Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> encoderFunc)
+      throws IOException {
     DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>()).setSyncInterval(100);
     if (codec != null) {
       writer.setCodec(codec);
     }
-    writer.create(SCHEMA, makeFile());
+    writer.setEncoder(encoderFunc);
+    writer.create(SCHEMA, makeFile(codec));
     try {
       int count = 0;
       for (Object datum : new RandomData(SCHEMA, COUNT, SEED)) {
@@ -132,7 +149,7 @@ private void testGenericWrite() throws IOException {
           } catch (DataFileWriter.AppendWriteException e) {
             System.out.println("Ignoring: " + e);
           }
-          assertTrue("failed to throw when expected", threwProperly);
+          assertTrue(threwProperly, "failed to throw when expected");
         }
       }
     } finally {
@@ -148,11 +165,11 @@ private void testGenericWrite() throws IOException {
       doubleCloseEx = e;
     }
 
-    assertNull("Double close() threw an unexpected exception", doubleCloseEx);
+    assertNull(doubleCloseEx, "Double close() threw an unexpected exception");
   }
 
-  private void testGenericRead() throws IOException {
-    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(makeFile(), new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
+  private void testGenericRead(CodecFactory codec) throws IOException {
+    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(makeFile(codec), new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
       Object datum = null;
       if (VALIDATE) {
         for (Object expected : new RandomData(SCHEMA, COUNT, SEED)) {
@@ -167,8 +184,8 @@ private void testGenericRead() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  private void testSplits() throws IOException {
-    File file = makeFile();
+  private void testSplits(CodecFactory codec) throws IOException {
+    File file = makeFile(codec);
     try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(file, new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
       Random rand = new Random(SEED);
       int splits = 10; // number of splits
@@ -190,8 +207,8 @@ private void testSplits() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  private void testSyncDiscovery() throws IOException {
-    File file = makeFile();
+  private void testSyncDiscovery(CodecFactory codec) throws IOException {
+    File file = makeFile(codec);
     try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(file, new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
       // discover the sync points
       ArrayList<Long> syncs = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -211,13 +228,46 @@ private void testSyncDiscovery() throws IOException {
         reader.seek(sync);
         assertNotNull(reader.next());
       }
+      // Lastly, confirm that reading (but not decoding) all blocks results in the
+      // same sync points
+      reader.sync(0);
+      ArrayList<Long> syncs2 = new ArrayList<>();
+      while (reader.hasNext()) {
+        syncs2.add(reader.previousSync());
+        reader.nextBlock();
+      }
+      assertEquals(syncs, syncs2);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void testReadLastRecord(CodecFactory codec) throws IOException {
+    File file = makeFile(codec);
+    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(file, new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
+      long lastBlockStart = -1;
+      while (reader.hasNext()) {
+        // This algorithm can be made more efficient by checking if the underlying
+        // SeekableFileInput has been fully read: if so, the last block is in
+        // memory, and calls to next() will decode it.
+        // NOTE: this depends on the current implementation of DataFileReader.
+        lastBlockStart = reader.previousSync();
+        reader.nextBlock();
+      }
+      reader.seek(lastBlockStart);
+
+      Object lastRecord = null;
+      while (reader.hasNext()) {
+        lastRecord = reader.next(lastRecord);
+      }
+      assertEquals(LAST_RECORD, lastRecord);
     }
   }
 
-  private void testGenericAppend() throws IOException {
-    File file = makeFile();
+  private void testGenericAppend(CodecFactory codec, Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> encoderFunc)
+      throws IOException {
+    File file = makeFile(codec);
     long start = file.length();
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>()).appendTo(file)) {
+      writer.setEncoder(encoderFunc);
       for (Object datum : new RandomData(SCHEMA, COUNT, SEED + 1)) {
         writer.append(datum);
       }
@@ -238,8 +288,8 @@ private void testGenericAppend() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  private void testReadWithHeader() throws IOException {
-    File file = makeFile();
+  private void testReadWithHeader(CodecFactory codec) throws IOException {
+    File file = makeFile(codec);
     try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(file, new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
       // get a header for this file
       DataFileStream.Header header = reader.getHeader();
@@ -249,26 +299,23 @@ private void testReadWithHeader() throws IOException {
       try (DataFileReader<Object> readerTrue = DataFileReader.openReader(sin, new GenericDatumReader<>(), header,
           true);) {
 
-        assertNotNull("Should be able to reopen from arbitrary point", readerTrue.next());
+        assertNotNull(readerTrue.next(), "Should be able to reopen from arbitrary point");
         long validPos = readerTrue.previousSync();
         // post sync, we know of a valid sync point: re-open with seek (sync == false)
         sin.seek(validPos);
         try (DataFileReader<Object> readerFalse = DataFileReader.openReader(sin, new GenericDatumReader<>(), header,
             false)) {
-          assertEquals("Should not move from sync point on reopen", validPos, sin.tell());
-          assertNotNull("Should be able to reopen at sync point", readerFalse.next());
+          assertEquals(validPos, sin.tell(), "Should not move from sync point on reopen");
+          assertNotNull(readerFalse.next(), "Should be able to reopen at sync point");
         }
-
       }
-
     }
-
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSyncInHeader() throws IOException {
-    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(new File("../../../share/test/data/syncInMeta.avro"),
-        new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
+  public void syncInHeader() throws IOException {
+    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
+        new File("target/test-classes/share/test/data/syncInMeta.avro"), new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
       reader.sync(0);
       for (Object datum : reader)
         assertNotNull(datum);
@@ -277,11 +324,11 @@ public void testSyncInHeader() throws IOException {
 
   @Test
   public void test12() throws IOException {
-    readFile(new File("../../../share/test/data/test.avro12"), new GenericDatumReader<>());
+    readFile(new File("target/test-classes/share/test/data/test.avro12"), new GenericDatumReader<>());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFlushCount() throws IOException {
+  public void flushCount() throws IOException {
     DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>());
     writer.setFlushOnEveryBlock(false);
     TestingByteArrayOutputStream out = new TestingByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -310,12 +357,14 @@ public void testFlushCount() throws IOException {
     assertTrue(out.flushCount < currentCount && out.flushCount >= flushCounter);
   }
 
-  private void testFSync(boolean useFile) throws IOException {
+  private void testFSync(CodecFactory codec, Function<OutputStream, BinaryEncoder> encoderFunc, boolean useFile)
+      throws IOException {
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
+      writer.setEncoder(encoderFunc);
       writer.setFlushOnEveryBlock(false);
       TestingByteArrayOutputStream out = new TestingByteArrayOutputStream();
       if (useFile) {
-        File f = makeFile();
+        File f = makeFile(codec);
         try (SeekableFileInput in = new SeekableFileInput(f)) {
           writer.appendTo(in, out);
         }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileConcat.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileConcat.java
index f1267ab9788..1aeebcddad5 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileConcat.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileConcat.java
@@ -17,60 +17,42 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
-public class TestDataFileConcat {
-  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestDataFileConcat.class);
-
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-  CodecFactory codec;
-  CodecFactory codec2;
-  boolean recompress;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
-  public TestDataFileConcat(CodecFactory codec, CodecFactory codec2, Boolean recompress) {
-    this.codec = codec;
-    this.codec2 = codec2;
-    this.recompress = recompress;
-    LOG.info("Testing concatenating files, " + codec2 + " into " + codec + " with recompress=" + recompress);
-  }
+public class TestDataFileConcat {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestDataFileConcat.class);
 
-  @Parameters
-  public static List<Object[]> codecs() {
-    List<Object[]> r = new ArrayList<>();
-    r.add(new Object[] { null, null, false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { null, null, true });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.deflateCodec(1), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.deflateCodec(1), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), true });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.deflateCodec(3), CodecFactory.nullCodec(), false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.nullCodec(), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.xzCodec(1), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.xzCodec(1), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), true });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), CodecFactory.nullCodec(), false });
-    r.add(new Object[] { CodecFactory.nullCodec(), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), false });
-    return r;
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> codecs() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(null, null, false), Arguments.of(null, null, true),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.deflateCodec(1), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), false),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.deflateCodec(1), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), true),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.deflateCodec(3), CodecFactory.nullCodec(), false),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.nullCodec(), CodecFactory.deflateCodec(6), false),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.xzCodec(1), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), false),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.xzCodec(1), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), true),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), CodecFactory.nullCodec(), false),
+        Arguments.of(CodecFactory.nullCodec(), CodecFactory.xzCodec(2), false));
   }
 
   private static final int COUNT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("test.count", "200"));
@@ -83,11 +65,12 @@ public static List<Object[]> codecs() {
   private static final Schema SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA_JSON);
 
   private File makeFile(String name) {
-    return new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "test-" + name + ".avro");
+    return new File(DIR, "test-" + name + ".avro");
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testConcatenateFiles() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void concatenateFiles(CodecFactory codec, CodecFactory codec2, boolean recompress) throws IOException {
     System.out.println("SEED = " + SEED);
     System.out.println("COUNT = " + COUNT);
     for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCorruption.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCorruption.java
index 437ef6cd409..e4659488d17 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCorruption.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCorruption.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestDataFileCorruption {
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ private File makeFile(String name) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCorruptedFile() throws IOException {
+  void corruptedFile() throws IOException {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
 
     // Write a data file
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCustomSync.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCustomSync.java
index 3ba52376dd5..62d81f63782 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCustomSync.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileCustomSync.java
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestDataFileCustomSync {
   private byte[] createDataFile(byte[] sync) throws IOException {
@@ -63,15 +62,17 @@ private static byte[] generateSync() {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IOException.class)
-  public void testInvalidSync() throws IOException {
-    // Invalid size (must be 16):
-    byte[] sync = new byte[8];
-    createDataFile(sync);
+  @Test
+  void invalidSync() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+      // Invalid size (must be 16):
+      byte[] sync = new byte[8];
+      createDataFile(sync);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRandomSync() throws IOException {
+  void randomSync() throws IOException {
     byte[] sync = generateSync();
     byte[] randSyncFile = createDataFile(null);
     byte[] customSyncFile = createDataFile(sync);
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ public void testRandomSync() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCustomSync() throws IOException {
+  void customSync() throws IOException {
     byte[] sync = generateSync();
     byte[] customSyncFile = createDataFile(sync);
     byte[] sameCustomSyncFile = createDataFile(sync);
-    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(customSyncFile, sameCustomSyncFile));
+    assertArrayEquals(customSyncFile, sameCustomSyncFile);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileDeflate.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileDeflate.java
index 1eb59931ecf..30eaf6f27e6 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileDeflate.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileDeflate.java
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Simple test of DataFileWriter and DataFileStream with deflate codec. */
 public class TestDataFileDeflate {
   @Test
-  public void testWriteAndRead() throws IOException {
+  void writeAndRead() throws IOException {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
 
     // Write it
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileMeta.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileMeta.java
index 3a70df4a6ec..30f51153c5b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileMeta.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileMeta.java
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -30,25 +29,24 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestDataFileMeta {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testUseReservedMeta() throws IOException {
+  @Test
+  public void useReservedMeta() throws IOException {
     try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
-      w.setMeta("avro.foo", "bar");
+      assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> w.setMeta("avro.foo", "bar"));
     }
   }
 
-  @Test()
-  public void testUseMeta() throws IOException {
-    File f = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testDataFileMeta.avro");
+  @Test
+  public void useMeta() throws IOException {
+    File f = new File(DIR, "testDataFileMeta.avro");
     try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       w.setMeta("hello", "bar");
       w.create(Schema.create(Type.NULL), f);
@@ -62,17 +60,17 @@ public void testUseMeta() throws IOException {
 
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testUseMetaAfterCreate() throws IOException {
+  @Test
+  public void useMetaAfterCreate() throws IOException {
     try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       w.create(Schema.create(Type.NULL), new ByteArrayOutputStream());
-      w.setMeta("foo", "bar");
+      assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> w.setMeta("foo", "bar"));
     }
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBlockSizeSetInvalid() {
+  public void blockSizeSetInvalid() {
     int exceptions = 0;
     for (int i = -1; i < 33; i++) {
       // 33 invalid, one valid
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReader.java
index 8393179cdb0..6ed6b35cc50 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReader.java
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -38,14 +37,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.SeekableInput;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("restriction")
 public class TestDataFileReader {
+  @TempDir
+  public Path dataDir;
 
-  @Test
   // regression test for bug AVRO-2286
-  public void testForLeakingFileDescriptors() throws IOException {
+  @Test
+  void forLeakingFileDescriptors() throws IOException {
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
     int maxTries = 3;
     for (int tries = 0; tries < maxTries; tries++) {
@@ -66,8 +68,7 @@ public void testForLeakingFileDescriptors() throws IOException {
         return;
 
       // Sometimes the number of file descriptors is off due to other processes or
-      // garbage
-      // collection. We note each inconsistency and retry.
+      // garbage collection. We note each inconsistency and retry.
       sb.append(openFilesBeforeOperation).append("!=").append(openFilesAfterOperation).append(",");
     }
     fail("File descriptor leaked from new DataFileReader() over " + maxTries + " tries: ("
@@ -82,17 +83,17 @@ private long getNumberOfOpenFileDescriptors() {
     return 0;
   }
 
-  @Test
   // regression test for bug AVRO-2944
-  public void testThrottledInputStream() throws IOException {
+  @Test
+  void throttledInputStream() throws IOException {
     // AVRO-2944 describes hanging/failure in reading Avro file with performing
     // magic header check. This happens with throttled input stream,
     // where we read into buffer less bytes than requested.
 
-    Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).setValidateDefaults(false)
+    Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).setValidateDefaults(false)
         .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"TestSchema\", \"fields\": "
             + "[ {\"name\": \"id\", \"type\": [\"long\", \"null\"], \"default\": null}]}");
-    File f = Files.createTempFile("testThrottledInputStream", ".avro").toFile();
+    File f = dataDir.resolve("testThrottledInputStream.avro").toFile();
     try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       w.create(legacySchema, f);
       w.flush();
@@ -141,23 +142,25 @@ public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
     };
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
   // another regression test for bug AVRO-2944, testing EOF case
-  public void testInputStreamEOF() throws IOException {
-    // AVRO-2944 describes hanging/failure in reading Avro file with performing
-    // magic header check. This potentially happens with a defective input stream
-    // where a -1 value is unexpectedly returned from a read.
-    Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).setValidateDefaults(false)
-        .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"TestSchema\", \"fields\": "
-            + "[ {\"name\": \"id\", \"type\": [\"long\", \"null\"], \"default\": null}]}");
-    File f = Files.createTempFile("testInputStreamEOF", ".avro").toFile();
-    try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
-      w.create(legacySchema, f);
-      w.flush();
-    }
+  @Test
+  void inputStreamEOF() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> {
+      // AVRO-2944 describes hanging/failure in reading Avro file with performing
+      // magic header check. This potentially happens with a defective input stream
+      // where a -1 value is unexpectedly returned from a read.
+      Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).setValidateDefaults(false)
+          .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"TestSchema\", \"fields\": "
+              + "[ {\"name\": \"id\", \"type\": [\"long\", \"null\"], \"default\": null}]}");
+      File f = dataDir.resolve("testInputStreamEOF.avro").toFile();
+      try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
+        w.create(legacySchema, f);
+        w.flush();
+      }
 
-    // Should throw an EOFException
-    DataFileReader.openReader(eofInputStream(f), new GenericDatumReader<>());
+      // Should throw an EOFException
+      DataFileReader.openReader(eofInputStream(f), new GenericDatumReader<>());
+    });
   }
 
   private SeekableInput eofInputStream(File f) throws IOException {
@@ -191,16 +194,16 @@ public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIgnoreSchemaValidationOnRead() throws IOException {
+  void ignoreSchemaValidationOnRead() throws IOException {
     // This schema has an accent in the name and the default for the field doesn't
     // match the first type in the union. A Java SDK in the past could create a file
     // containing this schema.
-    Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).setValidateDefaults(false)
+    Schema legacySchema = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).setValidateDefaults(false)
         .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"InvalidAccëntWithInvalidNull\", \"fields\": "
             + "[ {\"name\": \"id\", \"type\": [\"long\", \"null\"], \"default\": null}]}");
 
     // Create a file with the legacy schema.
-    File f = Files.createTempFile("testIgnoreSchemaValidationOnRead", ".avro").toFile();
+    File f = dataDir.resolve("testIgnoreSchemaValidationOnRead.avro").toFile();
     try (DataFileWriter<?> w = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       w.create(legacySchema, f);
       w.flush();
@@ -212,23 +215,27 @@ public void testIgnoreSchemaValidationOnRead() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = InvalidAvroMagicException.class)
-  public void testInvalidMagicLength() throws IOException {
-    File f = Files.createTempFile("testInvalidMagicLength", ".avro").toFile();
+  @Test
+  void invalidMagicLength() throws IOException {
+    File f = dataDir.resolve("testInvalidMagicLength.avro").toFile();
     try (FileWriter w = new FileWriter(f)) {
       w.write("-");
     }
-
-    DataFileReader.openReader(new SeekableFileInput(f), new GenericDatumReader<>());
+    try (SeekableFileInput fileInput = new SeekableFileInput(f)) {
+      assertThrows(InvalidAvroMagicException.class,
+          () -> DataFileReader.openReader(fileInput, new GenericDatumReader<>()));
+    }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = InvalidAvroMagicException.class)
-  public void testInvalidMagicBytes() throws IOException {
-    File f = Files.createTempFile("testInvalidMagicBytes", ".avro").toFile();
+  @Test
+  void invalidMagicBytes() throws IOException {
+    File f = dataDir.resolve("testInvalidMagicBytes.avro").toFile();
     try (FileWriter w = new FileWriter(f)) {
       w.write("invalid");
     }
-
-    DataFileReader.openReader(new SeekableFileInput(f), new GenericDatumReader<>());
+    try (SeekableFileInput fileInput = new SeekableFileInput(f)) {
+      assertThrows(InvalidAvroMagicException.class,
+          () -> DataFileReader.openReader(fileInput, new GenericDatumReader<>()));
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReflect.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReflect.java
index 190f788c397..d6590b7c108 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReflect.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileReflect.java
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -37,23 +40,22 @@
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestDataFileReflect {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   /*
    * Test that using multiple schemas in a file works doing a union before writing
    * any records.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testMultiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting() throws IOException {
-    File file = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testMultiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting.avro");
+  void multiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting() throws IOException {
+    File file = new File(DIR.getPath(), "testMultiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting.avro");
     CheckList<Object> check = new CheckList<>();
     try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
 
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ public void testMultiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting() throws IOException {
       for (Object datum : reader) {
         check.assertEquals(datum, count++);
       }
-      Assert.assertEquals(count, check.size());
+      assertEquals(count, check.size());
     }
   }
 
@@ -88,8 +90,8 @@ public void testMultiReflectWithUnionBeforeWriting() throws IOException {
    * Test that writing a record with a field that is null.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testNull() throws IOException {
-    File file = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testNull.avro");
+  void testNull() throws IOException {
+    File file = new File(DIR.getPath(), "testNull.avro");
     CheckList<BarRecord> check = new CheckList<>();
 
     try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
@@ -113,13 +115,13 @@ public void testNull() throws IOException {
         for (BarRecord datum : reader) {
           check.assertEquals(datum, count++);
         }
-        Assert.assertEquals(count, check.size());
+        assertEquals(count, check.size());
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNew() throws IOException {
+  void testNew() throws IOException {
     ByteBuffer payload = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(8 * 1024);
     for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
       payload.putInt(1);
@@ -142,15 +144,15 @@ public void testNew() throws IOException {
     BinaryDecoder avroDecoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(inputStream, null);
     ByteBufferRecord deserialized = datumReader.read(null, avroDecoder);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(bbr, deserialized);
+    assertEquals(bbr, deserialized);
   }
 
   /*
    * Test that writing out and reading in a nested class works
    */
   @Test
-  public void testNestedClass() throws IOException {
-    File file = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testNull.avro");
+  void nestedClass() throws IOException {
+    File file = new File(DIR.getPath(), "testNull.avro");
 
     CheckList<BazRecord> check = new CheckList<>();
     try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ public void testNestedClass() throws IOException {
         for (BazRecord datum : reader) {
           check.assertEquals(datum, count++);
         }
-        Assert.assertEquals(count, check.size());
+        assertEquals(count, check.size());
       }
     }
   }
@@ -188,10 +190,10 @@ T addAndReturn(T check) {
     }
 
     void assertEquals(Object toCheck, int i) {
-      Assert.assertNotNull(toCheck);
+      assertNotNull(toCheck);
       Object o = get(i);
-      Assert.assertNotNull(o);
-      Assert.assertEquals(toCheck, o);
+      assertNotNull(o);
+      Assertions.assertEquals(toCheck, o);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDecimalConversion.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDecimalConversion.java
index 2183dd3ac11..391c886c366 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDecimalConversion.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDecimalConversion.java
@@ -19,32 +19,26 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericFixed;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestDecimalConversion {
 
   private static final Conversion<BigDecimal> CONVERSION = new Conversions.DecimalConversion();
 
-  @Rule
-  public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
-
   private Schema smallerSchema;
   private LogicalType smallerLogicalType;
   private Schema largerSchema;
   private LogicalType largerLogicalType;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setup() {
     smallerSchema = Schema.createFixed("smallFixed", null, null, 3);
     smallerSchema.addProp("logicalType", "decimal");
@@ -60,7 +54,7 @@ public void setup() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromBytes() {
+  void toFromBytes() {
     final BigDecimal value = BigDecimal.valueOf(10.99).setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
     final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromBytes(byteBuffer, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -68,7 +62,7 @@ public void testToFromBytes() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromBytesMaxPrecision() {
+  void toFromBytesMaxPrecision() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("4567335489766.99834").setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
     final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromBytes(byteBuffer, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -76,15 +70,15 @@ public void testToFromBytesMaxPrecision() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToBytesPrecisionError() {
+  void toBytesPrecisionError() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("1.07046455859736525E+18").setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Cannot encode decimal with precision 34 as max precision 28");
-    CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals("Cannot encode decimal with precision 34 as max precision 28", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToBytesFixedSmallerScale() {
+  void toBytesFixedSmallerScale() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("99892.1234").setScale(10, HALF_EVEN);
     final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromBytes(byteBuffer, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -92,15 +86,15 @@ public void testToBytesFixedSmallerScale() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToBytesScaleError() {
+  void toBytesScaleError() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("4567335489766.989989998435899453").setScale(16, HALF_EVEN);
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Cannot encode decimal with scale 16 as scale 15 without rounding");
-    CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toBytes(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals("Cannot encode decimal with scale 16 as scale 15 without rounding", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixed() {
+  void toFromFixed() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("3").setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
     final GenericFixed fixed = CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromFixed(fixed, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -108,7 +102,7 @@ public void testToFromFixed() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixedMaxPrecision() {
+  void toFromFixedMaxPrecision() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("4567335489766.99834").setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
     final GenericFixed fixed = CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromFixed(fixed, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -116,15 +110,16 @@ public void testToFromFixedMaxPrecision() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFixedPrecisionError() {
+  void toFixedPrecisionError() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("1.07046455859736525E+18").setScale(15, HALF_EVEN);
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Cannot encode decimal with precision 34 as max precision 28");
-    CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
+
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals("Cannot encode decimal with precision 34 as max precision 28", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixedSmallerScale() {
+  void toFromFixedSmallerScale() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("99892.1234").setScale(10, HALF_EVEN);
     final GenericFixed fixed = CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromFixed(fixed, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
@@ -132,15 +127,16 @@ public void testToFromFixedSmallerScale() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFixedScaleError() {
+  void toFixedScaleError() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("4567335489766.3453453453453453453453").setScale(16, HALF_EVEN);
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Cannot encode decimal with scale 16 as scale 15 without rounding");
-    CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType);
+
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toFixed(value, largerSchema, largerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals("Cannot encode decimal with scale 16 as scale 15 without rounding", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixedMatchScaleAndPrecision() {
+  void toFromFixedMatchScaleAndPrecision() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("123.45");
     final GenericFixed fixed = CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromFixed(fixed, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
@@ -148,7 +144,7 @@ public void testToFromFixedMatchScaleAndPrecision() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixedRepresentedInLogicalTypeAllowRoundUnneccesary() {
+  void toFromFixedRepresentedInLogicalTypeAllowRoundUnneccesary() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("123.4500");
     final GenericFixed fixed = CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
     final BigDecimal result = CONVERSION.fromFixed(fixed, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
@@ -156,24 +152,27 @@ public void testToFromFixedRepresentedInLogicalTypeAllowRoundUnneccesary() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFromFixedPrecisionErrorAfterAdjustingScale() {
+  void toFromFixedPrecisionErrorAfterAdjustingScale() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("1234.560");
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage(
-        "Cannot encode decimal with precision 6 as max precision 5. This is after safely adjusting scale from 3 to required 2");
-    CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
+
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals(
+        "Cannot encode decimal with precision 6 as max precision 5. This is after safely adjusting scale from 3 to required 2",
+        avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToFixedRepresentedInLogicalTypeErrorIfRoundingRequired() {
+  void toFixedRepresentedInLogicalTypeErrorIfRoundingRequired() {
     final BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal("123.456");
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Cannot encode decimal with scale 3 as scale 2 without rounding");
-    CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType);
+
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> CONVERSION.toFixed(value, smallerSchema, smallerLogicalType));
+    assertEquals("Cannot encode decimal with scale 3 as scale 2 without rounding", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testImportanceOfEnsuringCorrectScaleWhenConvertingFixed() {
+  void importanceOfEnsuringCorrectScaleWhenConvertingFixed() {
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) smallerLogicalType;
 
     final BigDecimal bigDecimal = new BigDecimal("1234.5");
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ public void testImportanceOfEnsuringCorrectScaleWhenConvertingFixed() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testImportanceOfEnsuringCorrectScaleWhenConvertingBytes() {
+  void importanceOfEnsuringCorrectScaleWhenConvertingBytes() {
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) smallerLogicalType;
 
     final BigDecimal bigDecimal = new BigDecimal("1234.5");
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestFixed.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestFixed.java
index a9f78f16899..f35c62d7a2e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestFixed.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestFixed.java
@@ -18,19 +18,32 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestFixed {
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixedDefaultValueDrop() {
+  void fixedDefaultValueDrop() {
     Schema md5 = SchemaBuilder.builder().fixed("MD5").size(16);
     Schema frec = SchemaBuilder.builder().record("test").fields().name("hash").type(md5).withDefault(new byte[16])
         .endRecord();
     Schema.Field field = frec.getField("hash");
-    Assert.assertNotNull(field.defaultVal());
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(new byte[16], (byte[]) field.defaultVal());
+    assertNotNull(field.defaultVal());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[16], (byte[]) field.defaultVal());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void fixedLengthOutOfLimit() {
+    Exception ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> Schema.createFixed("oversize", "doc", "space", Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertEquals(TestSystemLimitException.ERROR_VM_LIMIT_BYTES, ex.getMessage());
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void fixedNegativeLength() {
+    Exception ex = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> Schema.createFixed("negative", "doc", "space", -1));
+    assertEquals(TestSystemLimitException.ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestLogicalType.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestLogicalType.java
index 7b1f5bf5249..733997db28f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestLogicalType.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestLogicalType.java
@@ -18,42 +18,50 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import org.hamcrest.collection.IsMapContaining;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
-import org.hamcrest.collection.IsMapContaining;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 public class TestLogicalType {
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFromSchema() {
+  void decimalFromSchema() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4);
     schema.addProp("logicalType", "decimal");
     schema.addProp("precision", 9);
     schema.addProp("scale", 2);
     LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue("Should be a Decimal", logicalType instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal);
+    assertTrue(logicalType instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal, "Should be a Decimal");
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) logicalType;
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have correct precision", 9, decimal.getPrecision());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have correct scale", 2, decimal.getScale());
+    assertEquals(9, decimal.getPrecision(), "Should have correct precision");
+    assertEquals(2, decimal.getScale(), "Should have correct scale");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInvalidLogicalTypeIgnored() {
+  void invalidLogicalTypeIgnored() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 2);
     schema.addProp("logicalType", "decimal");
     schema.addProp("precision", 9);
     schema.addProp("scale", 2);
 
-    Assert.assertNull("Should ignore invalid logical type", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Should ignore invalid logical type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalWithNonByteArrayTypes() {
+  void decimalWithNonByteArrayTypes() {
     final LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(5, 2);
     // test simple types
     Schema[] nonBytes = new Schema[] { Schema.createRecord("Record", null, null, false),
@@ -73,25 +81,26 @@ public void testDecimalWithNonByteArrayTypes() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnknownFromJsonNode() {
+  void unknownFromJsonNode() {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     schema.addProp("logicalType", "unknown");
     schema.addProp("someProperty", 34);
     LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema);
-    Assert.assertNull("Should not return a LogicalType instance", logicalType);
+    assertNull(logicalType, "Should not return a LogicalType instance");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalBytesHasNoPrecisionLimit() {
+  void decimalBytesHasNoPrecisionLimit() {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
     // precision is not limited for bytes
     LogicalTypes.decimal(Integer.MAX_VALUE).addToSchema(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Precision should be an Integer.MAX_VALUE", Integer.MAX_VALUE,
-        ((LogicalTypes.Decimal) LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema)).getPrecision());
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE,
+        ((LogicalTypes.Decimal) LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema)).getPrecision(),
+        "Precision should be an Integer.MAX_VALUE");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFixedPrecisionLimit() {
+  void decimalFixedPrecisionLimit() {
     // 4 bytes can hold up to 9 digits of precision
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     assertThrows("Should reject precision", IllegalArgumentException.class, "fixed(4) cannot store 10 digits (max 9)",
@@ -99,7 +108,7 @@ public void testDecimalFixedPrecisionLimit() {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(10).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
 
     // 129 bytes can hold up to 310 digits of precision
     final Schema schema129 = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 129);
@@ -108,56 +117,55 @@ public void testDecimalFixedPrecisionLimit() {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(311).addToSchema(schema129);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema",
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema129));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema129), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFailsWithZeroPrecision() {
+  void decimalFailsWithZeroPrecision() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     assertThrows("Should reject precision", IllegalArgumentException.class,
         "Invalid decimal precision: 0 (must be positive)", () -> {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(0).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFailsWithNegativePrecision() {
+  void decimalFailsWithNegativePrecision() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     assertThrows("Should reject precision", IllegalArgumentException.class,
         "Invalid decimal precision: -9 (must be positive)", () -> {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(-9).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalScaleBoundedByPrecision() {
+  void decimalScaleBoundedByPrecision() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     assertThrows("Should reject precision", IllegalArgumentException.class,
         "Invalid decimal scale: 10 (greater than precision: 9)", () -> {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 10).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFailsWithNegativeScale() {
+  void decimalFailsWithNegativeScale() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     assertThrows("Should reject precision", IllegalArgumentException.class,
         "Invalid decimal scale: -2 (must be positive)", () -> {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(9, -2).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertNull("Invalid logical type should not be set on schema", LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertNull(LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema), "Invalid logical type should not be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaRejectsSecondLogicalType() {
+  void schemaRejectsSecondLogicalType() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     LogicalTypes.decimal(9).addToSchema(schema);
     assertThrows("Should reject second logical type", AvroRuntimeException.class, "Can't overwrite property: scale",
@@ -165,37 +173,61 @@ public void testSchemaRejectsSecondLogicalType() {
           LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(schema);
           return null;
         });
-    Assert.assertEquals("First logical type should still be set on schema", LogicalTypes.decimal(9),
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema));
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(9), LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema),
+        "First logical type should still be set on schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalDefaultScale() {
+  void decimalDefaultScale() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     // 4 bytes can hold up to 9 digits of precision
     LogicalTypes.decimal(9).addToSchema(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Scale should be a 0", 0,
-        ((LogicalTypes.Decimal) LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema)).getScale());
+    assertEquals(0, ((LogicalTypes.Decimal) LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema)).getScale(),
+        "Scale should be a 0");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixedDecimalToFromJson() {
+  void fixedDecimalToFromJson() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(schema);
     Schema parsed = new Schema.Parser().parse(schema.toString(true));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Constructed and parsed schemas should match", schema, parsed);
+    assertEquals(schema, parsed, "Constructed and parsed schemas should match");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytesDecimalToFromJson() {
+  void bytesDecimalToFromJson() {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
     LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(schema);
     Schema parsed = new Schema.Parser().parse(schema.toString(true));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Constructed and parsed schemas should match", schema, parsed);
+    assertEquals(schema, parsed, "Constructed and parsed schemas should match");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void uuidExtendsString() {
+    Schema uuidSchema = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.uuid(), uuidSchema.getLogicalType());
+
+    assertThrows("UUID requires a string", IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        "Uuid can only be used with an underlying string or fixed type",
+        () -> LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLogicalTypeEquals() {
+  void durationExtendsFixed12() {
+    Schema durationSchema = LogicalTypes.duration().addToSchema(Schema.createFixed("f", null, null, 12));
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.duration(), durationSchema.getLogicalType());
+
+    assertThrows("Duration requires a fixed(12)", IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        "Duration can only be used with an underlying fixed type of size 12.",
+        () -> LogicalTypes.duration().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+
+    assertThrows("Duration requires a fixed(12)", IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        "Duration can only be used with an underlying fixed type of size 12.",
+        () -> LogicalTypes.duration().addToSchema(Schema.createFixed("wrong", null, null, 42)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void logicalTypeEquals() {
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal90 = LogicalTypes.decimal(9);
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal80 = LogicalTypes.decimal(8);
     LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal92 = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
@@ -209,12 +241,12 @@ public void testLogicalTypeEquals() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLogicalTypeInSchemaEquals() {
+  void logicalTypeInSchemaEquals() {
     Schema schema1 = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     Schema schema2 = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
     Schema schema3 = Schema.createFixed("aDecimal", null, null, 4);
-    Assert.assertNotSame(schema1, schema2);
-    Assert.assertNotSame(schema1, schema3);
+    assertNotSame(schema1, schema2);
+    assertNotSame(schema1, schema3);
     assertEqualsTrue("No logical types", schema1, schema2);
     assertEqualsTrue("No logical types", schema1, schema3);
 
@@ -229,7 +261,7 @@ public void testLogicalTypeInSchemaEquals() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRegisterLogicalTypeThrowsIfTypeNameNotProvided() {
+  void registerLogicalTypeThrowsIfTypeNameNotProvided() {
     assertThrows("Should error if type name was not provided", UnsupportedOperationException.class,
         "LogicalTypeFactory TypeName has not been provided", () -> {
           LogicalTypes.register(schema -> LogicalTypes.date());
@@ -238,7 +270,7 @@ public void testRegisterLogicalTypeThrowsIfTypeNameNotProvided() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRegisterLogicalTypeWithName() {
+  void registerLogicalTypeWithName() {
     final LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory factory = new LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory() {
       @Override
       public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
@@ -253,11 +285,11 @@ public String getTypeName() {
 
     LogicalTypes.register("registered", factory);
 
-    MatcherAssert.assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(), IsMapContaining.hasEntry("registered", factory));
+    assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(), IsMapContaining.hasEntry("registered", factory));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRegisterLogicalTypeWithFactoryName() {
+  void registerLogicalTypeWithFactoryName() {
     final LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory factory = new LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory() {
       @Override
       public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
@@ -272,27 +304,32 @@ public String getTypeName() {
 
     LogicalTypes.register(factory);
 
-    MatcherAssert.assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(), IsMapContaining.hasEntry("factory", factory));
+    assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(), IsMapContaining.hasEntry("factory", factory));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRegisterLogicalTypeWithFactoryNameNotProvided() {
+  void registerLogicalTypeWithFactoryNameNotProvided() {
     final LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory factory = schema -> LogicalTypes.date();
 
     LogicalTypes.register("logicalTypeName", factory);
 
-    MatcherAssert.assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(),
-        IsMapContaining.hasEntry("logicalTypeName", factory));
+    assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(), IsMapContaining.hasEntry("logicalTypeName", factory));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRegisterLogicalTypeFactoryByServiceLoader() {
+    assertThat(LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes(),
+        IsMapContaining.hasEntry(equalTo("custom"), instanceOf(LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory.class)));
   }
 
   public static void assertEqualsTrue(String message, Object o1, Object o2) {
-    Assert.assertTrue("Should be equal (forward): " + message, o1.equals(o2));
-    Assert.assertTrue("Should be equal (reverse): " + message, o2.equals(o1));
+    assertEquals(o1, o2, "Should be equal (forward): " + message);
+    assertEquals(o2, o1, "Should be equal (reverse): " + message);
   }
 
   public static void assertEqualsFalse(String message, Object o1, Object o2) {
-    Assert.assertFalse("Should be equal (forward): " + message, o1.equals(o2));
-    Assert.assertFalse("Should be equal (reverse): " + message, o2.equals(o1));
+    assertNotEquals(o1, o2, "Should be equal (forward): " + message);
+    assertNotEquals(o2, o1, "Should be equal (reverse): " + message);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -305,14 +342,14 @@ public static void assertEqualsFalse(String message, Object o1, Object o2) {
    * @param callable           A Callable that is expected to throw the exception
    */
   public static void assertThrows(String message, Class<? extends Exception> expected, String containedInMessage,
-      Callable callable) {
+      Callable<?> callable) {
     try {
       callable.call();
-      Assert.fail("No exception was thrown (" + message + "), expected: " + expected.getName());
+      fail("No exception was thrown (" + message + "), expected: " + expected.getName());
     } catch (Exception actual) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(message, expected, actual.getClass());
-      Assert.assertTrue("Expected exception message (" + containedInMessage + ") missing: " + actual.getMessage(),
-          actual.getMessage().contains(containedInMessage));
+      assertEquals(expected, actual.getClass(), message);
+      assertTrue(actual.getMessage().contains(containedInMessage),
+          "Expected exception message (" + containedInMessage + ") missing: " + actual.getMessage());
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNestedRecords.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNestedRecords.java
index 0e9d08e95fb..e697830c34f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNestedRecords.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNestedRecords.java
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.JsonDecoder;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
 /**
  * This test demonstrates the fix for a complex nested schema type.
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@
 public class TestNestedRecords {
 
   @Test
-  public void testSingleSubRecord() throws IOException {
+  void singleSubRecord() throws IOException {
 
     final Schema child = SchemaBuilder.record("Child").namespace("org.apache.avro.nested").fields()
         .requiredString("childField").endRecord();
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ public void testSingleSubRecord() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSingleSubRecordExtraField() throws IOException {
+  void singleSubRecordExtraField() throws IOException {
 
     final Schema child = SchemaBuilder.record("Child").namespace("org.apache.avro.nested").fields()
         .requiredString("childField").endRecord();
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocol.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocol.java
index 3c63cca9b18..711b896a403 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocol.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocol.java
@@ -17,23 +17,115 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.JsonEncoder;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyMap;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonMap;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestProtocol {
 
   @Test
-  public void testPropEquals() {
+  public void parse() throws IOException {
+    File fic = new File("target/test-classes/share/test/schemas/namespace.avpr");
+    Protocol protocol = Protocol.parse(fic);
+    assertNotNull(protocol);
+    assertEquals("TestNamespace", protocol.getName());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * record type 'User' contains a field of type 'Status', which contains a field
+   * of type 'User'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void crossProtocol() {
+    String userStatus = "{ \"protocol\" : \"p1\", " + "\"types\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"User\", \"type\": \"record\", \"fields\": [{\"name\": \"current_status\", \"type\": \"Status\"}]},\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "{\"name\": \"Status\", \"type\": \"record\", \"fields\": [{\"name\": \"author\", \"type\": \"User\"}]}"
+        + "]}";
+
+    Protocol protocol = Protocol.parse(userStatus);
+    Schema userSchema = protocol.getType("User");
+    Schema statusSchema = protocol.getType("Status");
+    assertSame(statusSchema, userSchema.getField("current_status").schema());
+    assertSame(userSchema, statusSchema.getField("author").schema());
+
+    String parsingFormUser = SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(userSchema);
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\"name\":\"User\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"current_status\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"Status\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"author\",\"type\":\"User\"}]}}]}",
+        parsingFormUser);
+
+    String parsingFormStatus = SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(statusSchema);
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\"name\":\"Status\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"author\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"User\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"current_status\",\"type\":\"Status\"}]}}]}",
+        parsingFormStatus);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When one schema with a type used before it is defined, test normalization
+   * defined schema before it is used.
+   */
+  @Test
+  void normalization() {
+    final String schema = "{\n" + " \"type\":\"record\",  \"name\": \"Main\", " + " \"fields\":[\n"
+        + "    {  \"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"Sub\"  },\n" // use Sub
+        + "    {  \"name\":\"f2\", " + "       \"type\":{\n" + "         \"type\":\"enum\",  \"name\":\"Sub\",\n" // define
+                                                                                                                  // Sub
+        + "         \"symbols\":[\"OPEN\",\"CLOSE\"]\n" + "        }\n" + "    }\n" + " ]\n" + "}";
+    Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(schema);
+    assertNotNull(s);
+
+    String parsingForm = SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(s);
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\"name\":\"Main\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f1\",\"type\":{\"name\":\"Sub\",\"type\":\"enum\",\"symbols\":[\"OPEN\",\"CLOSE\"]}},{\"name\":\"f2\",\"type\":\"Sub\"}]}",
+        parsingForm);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void namespaceAndNameRules() {
+    Protocol p1 = new Protocol("P", null, "foo");
+    Protocol p2 = new Protocol("foo.P", null, null);
+    Protocol p3 = new Protocol("foo.P", null, "bar");
+    assertEquals(p1.getName(), p2.getName());
+    assertEquals(p1.getNamespace(), p2.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals(p1.getName(), p3.getName());
+    assertEquals(p1.getNamespace(), p3.getNamespace());
+
+    // The following situation is allowed, even if confusing, because the
+    // specification describes this algorithm without specifying that the resulting
+    // namespace mst be non-empty.
+    Protocol invalidName = new Protocol(".P", null, "ignored");
+    assertNull(invalidName.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals("P", invalidName.getName());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void propEquals() {
     Protocol p1 = new Protocol("P", null, "foo");
     p1.addProp("a", "1");
     Protocol p2 = new Protocol("P", null, "foo");
     p2.addProp("a", "2");
-    assertFalse(p1.equals(p2));
+    assertNotEquals(p1, p2);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSplitProtocolBuild() {
+  void splitProtocolBuild() {
     Protocol p = new Protocol("P", null, "foo");
     p.addProp("property", "some value");
 
@@ -48,4 +140,17 @@ public void testSplitProtocolBuild() {
     assertNotNull(parsedArrayOfStringProtocol);
     assertEquals(parsedStringProtocol.toString(), parsedArrayOfStringProtocol.toString());
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void copyMessage() {
+    Protocol p = new Protocol("P", "protocol", "foo");
+    Schema req1 = SchemaBuilder.record("foo.req1").fields().endRecord();
+    Protocol.Message m1 = p.createMessage("M", "message", singletonMap("foo", "bar"), req1);
+    Schema req2 = SchemaBuilder.record("foo.req2").fields().name("test").type().booleanType().noDefault().endRecord();
+
+    Protocol.Message m2 = p.createMessage(m1, req2);
+    assertEquals(m1.getName(), m2.getName());
+    assertEquals(m1.getDoc(), m2.getDoc());
+    assertEquals(m1.getProp("foo"), m2.getProp("foo"));
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas.java
index 47cafcec189..89fedc75ca7 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.EnumSymbol;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
@@ -38,24 +40,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
-
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.EnumSource;
+
 public class TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas {
 
   private static final String RECORD_A = "RecordA";
   private static final String FIELD_A = "fieldA";
   private static final char LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIARESIS = '\u00F6';
 
-  @Rule
-  public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
-
   private static final Schema DOUBLE_RECORD = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
       .fields() //
       .name(FIELD_A).type().doubleType().noDefault() //
@@ -89,13 +84,18 @@ public class TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas {
       .fields() //
       .name(FIELD_A).type().unionOf().stringType().and().bytesType().endUnion().noDefault() //
       .endRecord();
+
+  private static final Schema ENUM_AB = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("Enum1").symbols("A", "B");
+
   private static final Schema ENUM_AB_RECORD = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
       .fields() //
-      .name(FIELD_A).type().enumeration("Enum1").symbols("A", "B").noDefault() //
+      .name(FIELD_A).type(ENUM_AB).noDefault() //
       .endRecord();
+
+  private static final Schema ENUM_ABC = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("Enum1").symbols("A", "B", "C");
   private static final Schema ENUM_ABC_RECORD = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
       .fields() //
-      .name(FIELD_A).type().enumeration("Enum1").symbols("A", "B", "C").noDefault() //
+      .name(FIELD_A).type(ENUM_ABC).noDefault() //
       .endRecord();
   private static final Schema UNION_INT_RECORD = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
       .fields() //
@@ -122,221 +122,235 @@ public class TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas {
       .name(FIELD_A).type().unionOf().floatType().and().doubleType().endUnion().noDefault() //
       .endRecord();
 
-  @Parameters(name = "encoder = {0}")
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new EncoderType[][] { { EncoderType.BINARY }, { EncoderType.JSON } });
-  }
-
-  public TestReadingWritingDataInEvolvedSchemas(EncoderType encoderType) {
-    this.encoderType = encoderType;
-  }
-
-  private final EncoderType encoderType;
-
   enum EncoderType {
     BINARY, JSON
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void doubleWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void doubleWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42.0);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToUnionLongFloatSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToUnionLongFloatSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_LONG_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_LONG_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42L, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToDoubleSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0f, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatUnionSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatUnionSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0f, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0f, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatUnionSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsReadableByFloatUnionSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0f, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToLongFloatUnionSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToLongFloatUnionSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_LONG_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_LONG_FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42L, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToFloatDoubleUnionSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToFloatDoubleUnionSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_LONG_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(UNION_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42.0F, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void doubleWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToFloatSchema() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Found double, expecting float");
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void doubleWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToFloatSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42.0);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    AvroTypeException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Found double, expecting float", exception.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void floatWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToLongSchema() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Found float, expecting long");
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void floatWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToLongSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42.0f);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    decodeGenericBlob(LONG_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    AvroTypeException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> decodeGenericBlob(LONG_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Found float, expecting long", exception.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToIntSchema() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Found long, expecting int");
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void longWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsNotConvertedToIntSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42L);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    AvroTypeException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Found long, expecting int", exception.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToAllNumberSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void intWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToAllNumberSchemas(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    assertEquals(42.0, decodeGenericBlob(DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A));
-    assertEquals(42.0f, decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A));
-    assertEquals(42L, decodeGenericBlob(LONG_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A));
-    assertEquals(42, decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A));
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    assertEquals(42.0, decodeGenericBlob(DOUBLE_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A));
+    assertEquals(42.0f, decodeGenericBlob(FLOAT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A));
+    assertEquals(42L, decodeGenericBlob(LONG_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A));
+    assertEquals(42, decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void asciiStringWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToBytesSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void asciiStringWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToBytesSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_STRING_BYTES_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, "42");
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    ByteBuffer actual = (ByteBuffer) decodeGenericBlob(BYTES_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    ByteBuffer actual = (ByteBuffer) decodeGenericBlob(BYTES_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A);
     assertArrayEquals("42".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), actual.array());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void utf8StringWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToBytesSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void utf8StringWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToBytesSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     String goeran = String.format("G%sran", LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIARESIS);
     Schema writer = UNION_STRING_BYTES_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, goeran);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    ByteBuffer actual = (ByteBuffer) decodeGenericBlob(BYTES_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    ByteBuffer actual = (ByteBuffer) decodeGenericBlob(BYTES_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A);
     assertArrayEquals(goeran.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), actual.array());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void asciiBytesWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToStringSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void asciiBytesWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToStringSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = UNION_STRING_BYTES_RECORD;
     ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap("42".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, buf);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    CharSequence read = (CharSequence) decodeGenericBlob(STRING_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    CharSequence read = (CharSequence) decodeGenericBlob(STRING_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A);
     assertEquals("42", read.toString());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void utf8BytesWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToStringSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void utf8BytesWrittenWithUnionSchemaIsConvertedToStringSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     String goeran = String.format("G%sran", LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIARESIS);
     Schema writer = UNION_STRING_BYTES_RECORD;
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, goeran);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    CharSequence read = (CharSequence) decodeGenericBlob(STRING_RECORD, writer, encoded).get(FIELD_A);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    CharSequence read = (CharSequence) decodeGenericBlob(STRING_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType).get(FIELD_A);
     assertEquals(goeran, read.toString());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void enumRecordCanBeReadWithExtendedEnumSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void enumRecordCanBeReadWithExtendedEnumSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = ENUM_AB_RECORD;
-    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(writer, "A"));
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_ABC_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(ENUM_AB, "A"));
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_ABC_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals("A", decoded.get(FIELD_A).toString());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void enumRecordWithExtendedSchemaCanBeReadWithOriginalEnumSchemaIfOnlyOldValues() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void enumRecordWithExtendedSchemaCanBeReadWithOriginalEnumSchemaIfOnlyOldValues(EncoderType encoderType)
+      throws Exception {
     Schema writer = ENUM_ABC_RECORD;
-    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(writer, "A"));
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_AB_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(ENUM_ABC, "A"));
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_AB_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals("A", decoded.get(FIELD_A).toString());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void enumRecordWithExtendedSchemaCanNotBeReadIfNewValuesAreUsed() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("No match for C");
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void enumRecordWithExtendedSchemaCanNotBeReadIfNewValuesAreUsed(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = ENUM_ABC_RECORD;
-    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(writer, "C"));
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_AB_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, new EnumSymbol(ENUM_ABC, "C"));
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+
+    AvroTypeException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> decodeGenericBlob(ENUM_AB_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("No match for C", exception.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void recordWrittenWithExtendedSchemaCanBeReadWithOriginalSchemaButLossOfData() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void recordWrittenWithExtendedSchemaCanBeReadWithOriginalSchemaButLossOfData(EncoderType encoderType)
+      throws Exception {
     Schema writer = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
         .fields() //
         .name("newTopField").type().stringType().noDefault() //
@@ -344,47 +358,50 @@ public void recordWrittenWithExtendedSchemaCanBeReadWithOriginalSchemaButLossOfD
         .endRecord();
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, FIELD_A, 42);
     record.put("newTopField", "not decoded");
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(INT_RECORD, writer, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
     try {
       decoded.get("newTopField");
-      Assert.fail("get should throw a exception");
+      Assertions.fail("get should throw a exception");
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException ex) {
-      Assert.assertEquals("Not a valid schema field: newTopField", ex.getMessage());
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Not a valid schema field: newTopField", ex.getMessage());
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void readerWithoutDefaultValueThrowsException() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("missing required field newField");
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void readerWithoutDefaultValueThrowsException(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema reader = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
         .fields() //
         .name("newField").type().intType().noDefault() //
         .name(FIELD_A).type().intType().noDefault() //
         .endRecord();
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(INT_RECORD, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    decodeGenericBlob(reader, INT_RECORD, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    AvroTypeException exception = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> decodeGenericBlob(reader, INT_RECORD, encoded, encoderType));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("missing required field newField"), exception.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void readerWithDefaultValueIsApplied() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void readerWithDefaultValueIsApplied(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema reader = SchemaBuilder.record(RECORD_A) //
         .fields() //
         .name("newFieldWithDefault").type().intType().intDefault(314) //
         .name(FIELD_A).type().intType().noDefault() //
         .endRecord();
     Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(INT_RECORD, FIELD_A, 42);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(reader, INT_RECORD, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(reader, INT_RECORD, encoded, encoderType);
     assertEquals(42, decoded.get(FIELD_A));
     assertEquals(314, decoded.get("newFieldWithDefault"));
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void aliasesInSchema() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(EncoderType.class)
+  void aliasesInSchema(EncoderType encoderType) throws Exception {
     Schema writer = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"namespace\": \"example.avro\", \"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"User\", \"fields\": ["
             + "{\"name\": \"name\", \"type\": \"int\"}\n" + "]}\n");
@@ -393,8 +410,8 @@ public void aliasesInSchema() throws Exception {
             + "{\"name\": \"fname\", \"type\": \"int\", \"aliases\" : [ \"name\" ]}\n" + "]}\n");
 
     GenericData.Record record = defaultRecordWithSchema(writer, "name", 1);
-    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record);
-    GenericData.Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(reader, reader, encoded);
+    byte[] encoded = encodeGenericBlob(record, encoderType);
+    GenericData.Record decoded = decodeGenericBlob(reader, reader, encoded, encoderType);
 
     assertEquals(1, decoded.get("fname"));
   }
@@ -405,7 +422,7 @@ private <T> Record defaultRecordWithSchema(Schema schema, String key, T value) {
     return data;
   }
 
-  private byte[] encodeGenericBlob(GenericRecord data) throws IOException {
+  private byte[] encodeGenericBlob(GenericRecord data, EncoderType encoderType) throws IOException {
     DatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(data.getSchema());
     ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     Encoder encoder = encoderType == EncoderType.BINARY ? EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(outStream, null)
@@ -416,7 +433,8 @@ private byte[] encodeGenericBlob(GenericRecord data) throws IOException {
     return outStream.toByteArray();
   }
 
-  private Record decodeGenericBlob(Schema expectedSchema, Schema schemaOfBlob, byte[] blob) throws IOException {
+  private Record decodeGenericBlob(Schema expectedSchema, Schema schemaOfBlob, byte[] blob, EncoderType encoderType)
+      throws IOException {
     if (blob == null) {
       return null;
     }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestResolver.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d3919319af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.FastReaderBuilder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.JsonDecoder;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class TestResolver {
+
+  /**
+   * Test promote action INT -> LONG, with logical type for LONG.
+   */
+  @Test
+  void resolveTime() {
+    final Schema writeSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
+    final Schema readSchema = new TimeConversions.TimeMicrosConversion().getRecommendedSchema(); // LONG
+
+    Resolver.Action action = Resolver.resolve(writeSchema, readSchema);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(action);
+    MatcherAssert.assertThat("Wrong class for action", action, Matchers.instanceOf(Resolver.Promote.class));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(action.type, Resolver.Action.Type.PROMOTE);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(action.logicalType);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test union type with promote action INT -> LONG, with logical type for LONG.
+   */
+  @Test
+  void resolveUnion() {
+    final Schema schema = new TimeConversions.TimeMicrosConversion().getRecommendedSchema();
+
+    final Schema writeSchema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+    final Schema readSchema = Schema.createUnion(schema);
+
+    Resolver.Action action = Resolver.resolve(writeSchema, readSchema);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(action);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(action.type, Resolver.Action.Type.WRITER_UNION);
+    MatcherAssert.assertThat("Wrong class for action", action, Matchers.instanceOf(Resolver.WriterUnion.class));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(1, ((Resolver.WriterUnion) action).actions.length);
+    Resolver.Action innerAction = ((Resolver.WriterUnion) action).actions[0];
+
+    MatcherAssert.assertThat("Wrong class for action", innerAction, Matchers.instanceOf(Resolver.ReaderUnion.class));
+    Resolver.ReaderUnion innerUnionAction = (Resolver.ReaderUnion) innerAction;
+    Resolver.Action promoteAction = innerUnionAction.actualAction;
+    Assertions.assertEquals(promoteAction.type, Resolver.Action.Type.PROMOTE);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(promoteAction.logicalType);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void resolveEnum() throws IOException {
+    final Schema writeSchema = Schema.createEnum("myEnum", "", "n1", Arrays.asList("e1", "e3", "e4"));
+    final Schema readSchema = Schema.createEnum("myEnum", "", "n1", Arrays.asList("e1", "e2", "e3"), "e2");
+
+    Resolver.Action action = Resolver.resolve(writeSchema, readSchema);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(action);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(action.type, Resolver.Action.Type.ENUM);
+    MatcherAssert.assertThat("Wrong class for action", action, Matchers.instanceOf(Resolver.EnumAdjust.class));
+    Resolver.EnumAdjust adjust = (Resolver.EnumAdjust) action;
+
+    Assertions.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 2, 1 }, adjust.adjustments);
+    Assertions.assertEquals("e1", adjust.values[0].toString());
+    Assertions.assertEquals("e3", adjust.values[1].toString());
+    Assertions.assertEquals("e2", adjust.values[2].toString());
+
+    FastReaderBuilder reader = FastReaderBuilder.get();
+    Schema writeRecord = Schema.createRecord("rec1", "", "", false,
+        Arrays.asList(new Schema.Field("f1", writeSchema, "")));
+    Schema readRecord = Schema.createRecord("rec1", "", "", false,
+        Arrays.asList(new Schema.Field("f1", readSchema, "")));
+    DatumReader<Object> datumReader = reader.createDatumReader(writeRecord, readRecord);
+    JsonDecoder e2 = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(readRecord, "{ \"f1\" : \"e2\" }");
+    Object read = datumReader.read(null, e2);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(read);
+    MatcherAssert.assertThat("", read, Matchers.instanceOf(IndexedRecord.class));
+    IndexedRecord result = (IndexedRecord) read;
+    Assertions.assertEquals("e3", result.get(0).toString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void promoteIsValid() {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+
+    Assertions.assertTrue(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
+    Assertions.assertFalse(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+
+    Assertions.assertTrue(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT)));
+    Assertions.assertFalse(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+
+    Assertions
+        .assertTrue(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE)));
+    Assertions
+        .assertFalse(Resolver.Promote.isValid(Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT)));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
index 4b2a78bc8cb..9a3b14ee754 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
@@ -17,26 +17,56 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.IntNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.TextNode;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.EnumSymbol;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 public class TestSchema {
   @Test
-  public void testSplitSchemaBuild() {
+  void splitSchemaBuild() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("HandshakeRequest").namespace("org.apache.avro.ipc").fields().name("clientProtocol")
         .type().optional().stringType().name("meta").type().optional().map().values().bytesType().endRecord();
 
@@ -52,7 +82,7 @@ public void testSplitSchemaBuild() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultRecordWithDuplicateFieldName() {
+  void defaultRecordWithDuplicateFieldName() {
     String recordName = "name";
     Schema schema = Schema.createRecord(recordName, "doc", "namespace", false);
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -67,7 +97,7 @@ public void testDefaultRecordWithDuplicateFieldName() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCreateUnionVarargs() {
+  void createUnionVarargs() {
     List<Schema> types = new ArrayList<>();
     types.add(Schema.create(Type.NULL));
     types.add(Schema.create(Type.LONG));
@@ -78,33 +108,35 @@ public void testCreateUnionVarargs() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordWithNullDoc() {
+  void recordWithNullDoc() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("name", null, "namespace", false);
     String schemaString = schema.toString();
     assertNotNull(schemaString);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordWithNullNamespace() {
+  void recordWithNullNamespace() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("name", "doc", null, false);
     String schemaString = schema.toString();
     assertNotNull(schemaString);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEmptyRecordSchema() {
+  void emptyRecordSchema() {
     Schema schema = createDefaultRecord();
     String schemaString = schema.toString();
     assertNotNull(schemaString);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void testParseEmptySchema() {
-    new Schema.Parser().parse("");
+  @Test
+  void parseEmptySchema() {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Parser().parse("");
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaWithFields() {
+  void schemaWithFields() {
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     fields.add(new Field("field_name1", Schema.create(Type.NULL), null, null));
     fields.add(new Field("field_name2", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null));
@@ -115,67 +147,69 @@ public void testSchemaWithFields() {
     assertEquals(2, schema.getFields().size());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testSchemaWithNullFields() {
-    Schema.createRecord("name", "doc", "namespace", false, null);
+  @Test
+  void schemaWithNullFields() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      Schema.createRecord("name", "doc", "namespace", false, null);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnUnionWithMultipleElements() {
+  void isUnionOnUnionWithMultipleElements() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Type.NULL), Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertTrue(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnUnionWithOneElement() {
+  void isUnionOnUnionWithOneElement() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertTrue(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnRecord() {
+  void isUnionOnRecord() {
     Schema schema = createDefaultRecord();
     assertFalse(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnArray() {
+  void isUnionOnArray() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertFalse(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnEnum() {
+  void isUnionOnEnum() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createEnum("name", "doc", "namespace", Collections.singletonList("value"));
     assertFalse(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnFixed() {
+  void isUnionOnFixed() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createFixed("name", "doc", "space", 10);
     assertFalse(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsUnionOnMap() {
+  void isUnionOnMap() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertFalse(schema.isUnion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsNullableOnUnionWithNull() {
+  void isNullableOnUnionWithNull() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Type.NULL), Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertTrue(schema.isNullable());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsNullableOnUnionWithoutNull() {
+  void isNullableOnUnionWithoutNull() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Type.LONG));
     assertFalse(schema.isNullable());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsNullableOnRecord() {
+  void isNullableOnRecord() {
     Schema schema = createDefaultRecord();
     assertFalse(schema.isNullable());
   }
@@ -185,7 +219,7 @@ private Schema createDefaultRecord() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSerialization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+  void serialization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
     try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
         InputStream jsonSchema = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/SchemaBuilder.avsc")) {
@@ -202,7 +236,7 @@ public void testSerialization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReconstructSchemaStringWithoutInlinedChildReference() {
+  void reconstructSchemaStringWithoutInlinedChildReference() {
     String child = "{\"type\":\"record\"," + "\"name\":\"Child\"," + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.nested\","
         + "\"fields\":" + "[{\"name\":\"childField\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}";
     String parent = "{\"type\":\"record\"," + "\"name\":\"Parent\"," + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.nested\","
@@ -217,7 +251,7 @@ public void testReconstructSchemaStringWithoutInlinedChildReference() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIntDefaultValue() {
+  void intDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", 1);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1, field.defaultVal());
@@ -235,7 +269,7 @@ public void testIntDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidLongAsIntDefaultValue() {
+  void validLongAsIntDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", 1L);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1, field.defaultVal());
@@ -252,18 +286,22 @@ public void testValidLongAsIntDefaultValue() {
     assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, GenericData.get().getDefaultValue(field));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testInvalidLongAsIntDefaultValue() {
-    new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1L);
+  @Test
+  void invalidLongAsIntDefaultValue() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1L);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testDoubleAsIntDefaultValue() {
-    new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", 1.0);
+  @Test
+  void doubleAsIntDefaultValue() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), "doc", 1.0);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLongDefaultValue() {
+  void longDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "doc", 1L);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1L, field.defaultVal());
@@ -281,20 +319,22 @@ public void testLongDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIntAsLongDefaultValue() {
+  void intAsLongDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "doc", 1);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1L, field.defaultVal());
     assertEquals(1L, GenericData.get().getDefaultValue(field));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testDoubleAsLongDefaultValue() {
-    new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "doc", 1.0);
+  @Test
+  void doubleAsLongDefaultValue() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "doc", 1.0);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDoubleDefaultValue() {
+  void doubleDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), "doc", 1.0);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0d, field.defaultVal());
@@ -302,7 +342,7 @@ public void testDoubleDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIntAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
+  void intAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), "doc", 1);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0d, field.defaultVal());
@@ -310,7 +350,7 @@ public void testIntAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLongAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
+  void longAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), "doc", 1L);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0d, field.defaultVal());
@@ -318,7 +358,7 @@ public void testLongAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloatAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
+  void floatAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), "doc", 1.0f);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0d, field.defaultVal());
@@ -326,7 +366,7 @@ public void testFloatAsDoubleDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloatDefaultValue() {
+  void floatDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), "doc", 1.0f);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0f, field.defaultVal());
@@ -334,7 +374,7 @@ public void testFloatDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIntAsFloatDefaultValue() {
+  void intAsFloatDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), "doc", 1);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0f, field.defaultVal());
@@ -342,7 +382,7 @@ public void testIntAsFloatDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLongAsFloatDefaultValue() {
+  void longAsFloatDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), "doc", 1L);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0f, field.defaultVal());
@@ -350,15 +390,286 @@ public void testLongAsFloatDefaultValue() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDoubleAsFloatDefaultValue() {
+  void doubleAsFloatDefaultValue() {
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("myField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), "doc", 1.0d);
     assertTrue(field.hasDefaultValue());
     assertEquals(1.0f, field.defaultVal());
     assertEquals(1.0f, GenericData.get().getDefaultValue(field));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void testEnumSymbolAsNull() {
-    Schema.createEnum("myField", "doc", "namespace", Collections.singletonList(null));
+  @Test
+  void enumSymbolAsNull() {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      Schema.createEnum("myField", "doc", "namespace", Collections.singletonList(null));
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void schemaFieldWithoutSchema() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Field("f", null);
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void parseRecordWithNameAsType() {
+    final String schemaString = "{\n  \"type\" : \"record\",\n  \"name\" : \"ns.int\",\n"
+        + "  \"fields\" : [ \n    {\"name\" : \"value\", \"type\" : \"int\"}, \n"
+        + "    {\"name\" : \"next\", \"type\" : [ \"null\", \"ns.int\" ]}\n  ]\n}";
+    final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaString);
+    String toString = schema.toString(true);
+
+    final Schema schema2 = new Schema.Parser().parse(toString);
+    assertEquals(schema, schema2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void qualifiedName() {
+    Arrays.stream(Type.values()).forEach((Type t) -> {
+      final Schema.Name name = new Schema.Name(t.getName(), "space");
+      assertEquals("space." + t.getName(), name.getQualified("space"));
+      assertEquals("space." + t.getName(), name.getQualified("otherdefault"));
+    });
+    final Schema.Name name = new Schema.Name("name", "space");
+    assertEquals("name", name.getQualified("space"));
+    assertEquals("space.name", name.getQualified("otherdefault"));
+
+    final Schema.Name nameInt = new Schema.Name("Int", "space");
+    assertEquals("Int", nameInt.getQualified("space"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validValue() {
+    // Valid null value
+    final Schema nullSchema = Schema.create(Type.NULL);
+    assertTrue(nullSchema.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.nullNode()));
+
+    // Valid int value
+    final Schema intSchema = Schema.create(Type.INT);
+    assertTrue(intSchema.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.numberNode(12)));
+
+    // Valid Text value
+    final Schema strSchema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
+    assertTrue(strSchema.isValidDefault(new TextNode("textNode")));
+
+    // Valid Array value
+    final Schema arraySchema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Type.STRING));
+    final ArrayNode arrayValue = JsonNodeFactory.instance.arrayNode();
+    assertTrue(arraySchema.isValidDefault(arrayValue)); // empty array
+
+    arrayValue.add("Hello");
+    arrayValue.add("World");
+    assertTrue(arraySchema.isValidDefault(arrayValue));
+
+    arrayValue.add(5);
+    assertFalse(arraySchema.isValidDefault(arrayValue));
+
+    // Valid Union type
+    final Schema unionSchema = Schema.createUnion(strSchema, intSchema, nullSchema);
+    assertTrue(unionSchema.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.textNode("Hello")));
+    assertTrue(unionSchema.isValidDefault(new IntNode(23)));
+    assertTrue(unionSchema.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.nullNode()));
+
+    assertFalse(unionSchema.isValidDefault(arrayValue));
+
+    // Array of union
+    final Schema arrayUnion = Schema.createArray(unionSchema);
+    final ArrayNode arrayUnionValue = JsonNodeFactory.instance.arrayNode();
+    arrayUnionValue.add("Hello");
+    arrayUnionValue.add(NullNode.getInstance());
+    assertTrue(arrayUnion.isValidDefault(arrayUnionValue));
+
+    // Union String, bytes
+    final Schema unionStrBytes = Schema.createUnion(strSchema, Schema.create(Type.BYTES));
+    assertTrue(unionStrBytes.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.textNode("Hello")));
+    assertFalse(unionStrBytes.isValidDefault(JsonNodeFactory.instance.numberNode(123)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void enumLateDefine() {
+    String schemaString = "{\n" + "    \"type\":\"record\",\n" + "    \"name\": \"Main\",\n" + "    \"fields\":[\n"
+        + "        {\n" + "            \"name\":\"f1\",\n" + "            \"type\":\"Sub\"\n" + "        },\n"
+        + "        {\n" + "            \"name\":\"f2\",\n" + "            \"type\":{\n"
+        + "                \"type\":\"enum\",\n" + "                \"name\":\"Sub\",\n"
+        + "                \"symbols\":[\"OPEN\",\"CLOSE\"]\n" + "            }\n" + "        }\n" + "    ]\n" + "}";
+
+    final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaString);
+    Schema f1Schema = schema.getField("f1").schema();
+    Schema f2Schema = schema.getField("f2").schema();
+    assertSame(f1Schema, f2Schema);
+    assertEquals(Type.ENUM, f1Schema.getType());
+    String stringSchema = schema.toString();
+    int definitionIndex = stringSchema.indexOf("\"symbols\":[\"OPEN\",\"CLOSE\"]");
+    int usageIndex = stringSchema.indexOf("\"type\":\"Sub\"");
+    assertTrue(definitionIndex < usageIndex, "usage is before definition");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordInArray() {
+    String schemaString = "{\n" + "  \"type\": \"record\",\n" + "  \"name\": \"TestRecord\",\n" + "  \"fields\": [\n"
+        + "    {\n" + "      \"name\": \"value\",\n" + "      \"type\": {\n" + "        \"type\": \"record\",\n"
+        + "        \"name\": \"Container\",\n" + "        \"fields\": [\n" + "          {\n"
+        + "            \"name\": \"Optional\",\n" + "            \"type\": {\n" + "              \"type\": \"array\",\n"
+        + "              \"items\": [\n" + "                {\n" + "                  \"type\": \"record\",\n"
+        + "                  \"name\": \"optional_field_0\",\n" + "                  \"namespace\": \"\",\n"
+        + "                  \"doc\": \"\",\n" + "                  \"fields\": [\n" + "                    {\n"
+        + "                      \"name\": \"optional_field_1\",\n" + "                      \"type\": \"long\",\n"
+        + "                      \"doc\": \"\",\n" + "                      \"default\": 0\n"
+        + "                    }\n" + "                  ]\n" + "                }\n" + "              ]\n"
+        + "            }\n" + "          }\n" + "        ]\n" + "      }\n" + "    }\n" + "  ]\n" + "}";
+    final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaString);
+    assertNotNull(schema);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * @Test public void testRec() { String schemaString =
+   * "[{\"name\":\"employees\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Pair1081149ea1d6eb80\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"key\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"EmployeeInfo2\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"companyMap\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"PairIntegerString\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"key\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"string\"}]},\"java-class\":\"java.util.HashMap\"}],\"default\":null},{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"],\"default\":null}]}}]},\"java-class\":\"java.util.HashMap\"}],\"default\":null}]";
+   * final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaString);
+   * Assert.assertNotNull(schema);
+   *
+   * }
+   */
+
+  @Test
+  public void testUnionFieldType() {
+    String schemaString = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Lisp\", \"fields\": [{\"name\":\"value\", \"type\":[\"null\", \"string\",{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Cons\", \"fields\": [{\"name\":\"car\", \"type\":\"Lisp\"},{\"name\":\"cdr\", \"type\":\"Lisp\"}]}]}]}";
+    final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaString);
+    Field value = schema.getField("value");
+    Schema fieldSchema = value.schema();
+    Schema subSchema = fieldSchema.getTypes().stream().filter((Schema s) -> s.getType() == Type.RECORD).findFirst()
+        .get();
+    assertTrue(subSchema.hasFields());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void parseAliases() throws JsonProcessingException {
+    String s1 = "{ \"aliases\" : [\"a1\",  \"b1\"]}";
+    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+    JsonNode j1 = mapper.readTree(s1);
+    Set<String> aliases = Schema.parseAliases(j1);
+    assertEquals(2, aliases.size());
+    assertTrue(aliases.contains("a1"));
+    assertTrue(aliases.contains("b1"));
+
+    String s2 = "{ \"aliases\" : {\"a1\": \"b1\"}}";
+    JsonNode j2 = mapper.readTree(s2);
+
+    SchemaParseException ex = assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> Schema.parseAliases(j2));
+    assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("aliases not an array"));
+
+    String s3 = "{ \"aliases\" : [11,  \"b1\"]}";
+    JsonNode j3 = mapper.readTree(s3);
+    SchemaParseException ex3 = assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> Schema.parseAliases(j3));
+    assertTrue(ex3.getMessage().contains("alias not a string"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testContentAfterAvsc() {
+    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
+    parser.setValidateDefaults(true);
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> parser.parse("{\"type\": \"string\"}; DROP TABLE STUDENTS"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testContentAfterAvscInInputStream() throws Exception {
+    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
+    parser.setValidateDefaults(true);
+    String avsc = "{\"type\": \"string\"}; DROP TABLE STUDENTS";
+    ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(avsc.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    Schema schema = parser.parse(is);
+    assertNotNull(schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testContentAfterAvscInFile() throws Exception {
+    File avscFile = Files.createTempFile("testContentAfterAvscInFile", null).toFile();
+    try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(avscFile)) {
+      writer.write("{\"type\": \"string\"}; DROP TABLE STUDENTS");
+      writer.flush();
+    }
+
+    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.UTF_VALIDATOR);
+    parser.setValidateDefaults(true);
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> parser.parse(avscFile));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseMultipleFile() throws IOException {
+    URL directory = requireNonNull(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("multipleFile"));
+    File f1 = new File(directory.getPath(), "ApplicationEvent.avsc");
+    File f2 = new File(directory.getPath(), "DocumentInfo.avsc");
+    File f3 = new File(directory.getPath(), "MyResponse.avsc");
+    Assertions.assertTrue(f1.exists(), "File not exist for test " + f1.getPath());
+    Assertions.assertTrue(f2.exists(), "File not exist for test " + f2.getPath());
+    Assertions.assertTrue(f3.exists(), "File not exist for test " + f3.getPath());
+    SchemaParser parser = new SchemaParser();
+    parser.parse(f1);
+    parser.parse(f2);
+    parser.parse(f3);
+    final List<Schema> schemas = parser.getParsedNamedSchemas();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(3, schemas.size());
+    Schema schemaAppEvent = schemas.get(0);
+    Schema schemaDocInfo = schemas.get(1);
+    Schema schemaResponse = schemas.get(2);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(schemaAppEvent);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(3, schemaAppEvent.getFields().size());
+    Field documents = schemaAppEvent.getField("documents");
+    Schema docSchema = documents.schema().getTypes().get(1).getElementType();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(docSchema, schemaDocInfo);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(schemaDocInfo);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(schemaResponse);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void add_types() {
+    String schemaRecord2 = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"record2\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "  {\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"record1\" }" + "]}"; // register schema1 in schema.
+    Schema schemaRecord1 = Schema.createRecord("record1", "doc", "", false);
+    schemaRecord1.setFields(Collections.singletonList(new Field("name", Schema.create(Type.STRING))));
+    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser().addTypes(Collections.singleton(schemaRecord1));
+
+    // parse schema for record2 that contains field for schema1.
+    final Schema schema = parser.parse(schemaRecord2);
+    final Field f1 = schema.getField("f1");
+    assertNotNull(f1);
+    assertEquals(schemaRecord1, f1.schema());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the behavior of Schema.Parser if its validation option is set to
+   * `null`. This is then set to the default option `NO_VALIDATION`.
+   */
+  @Test
+  void testParserNullValidate() {
+    new Schema.Parser((NameValidator) null).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"\",\"fields\":[]}"); // Empty name
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests when a user tries to write a record with an invalid enum symbol value
+   * that the exception returned is more descriptive than just a NPE or an
+   * incorrect mention of an unspecified non-null field.
+   */
+  @Test
+  void enumWriteUnknownField() throws IOException {
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("record1", "doc", "", false);
+    String goodValue = "HELLO";
+    Schema enumSchema = Schema.createEnum("enum1", "doc", "", Arrays.asList(goodValue));
+    Field field1 = new Field("field1", enumSchema);
+    schema.setFields(Collections.singletonList(field1));
+
+    GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(byteArrayOutputStream, null);
+    GenericRecordBuilder builder = new GenericRecordBuilder(schema);
+    String badValue = "GOODBYE";
+    builder.set(field1, new EnumSymbol(enumSchema, badValue));
+    Record record = builder.build();
+    try {
+      datumWriter.write(record, encoder);
+      fail("should have thrown");
+    } catch (AvroTypeException ate) {
+      assertTrue(ate.getMessage().contains(goodValue));
+      assertTrue(ate.getMessage().contains(badValue));
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaBuilder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaBuilder.java
index 77ee588b1e3..fdb18d0f87c 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaBuilder.java
@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -36,93 +39,93 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestSchemaBuilder {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecord() {
+  void record() {
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.record("myrecord").namespace("org.example").aliases("oldrecord").fields().name("f0")
         .aliases("f0alias").type().stringType().noDefault().name("f1").doc("This is f1").type().longType().noDefault()
         .name("f2").type().nullable().booleanType().booleanDefault(true).name("f3").type().unionOf().nullType().and()
         .booleanType().endUnion().nullDefault().endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("myrecord", schema.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example", schema.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example.oldrecord", schema.getAliases().iterator().next());
-    Assert.assertFalse(schema.isError());
+    assertEquals("myrecord", schema.getName());
+    assertEquals("org.example", schema.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals("org.example.oldrecord", schema.getAliases().iterator().next());
+    assertFalse(schema.isError());
     List<Schema.Field> fields = schema.getFields();
-    Assert.assertEquals(4, fields.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f0", Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), fields.get(0));
-    Assert.assertTrue(fields.get(0).aliases().contains("f0alias"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f1", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "This is f1"), fields.get(1));
+    assertEquals(4, fields.size());
+    assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f0", Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), fields.get(0));
+    assertTrue(fields.get(0).aliases().contains("f0alias"));
+    assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f1", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), "This is f1"), fields.get(1));
 
     List<Schema> types = new ArrayList<>();
     types.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN));
     types.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
     Schema optional = Schema.createUnion(types);
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f2", optional, null, true), fields.get(2));
+    assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f2", optional, null, true), fields.get(2));
 
     List<Schema> types2 = new ArrayList<>();
     types2.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
     types2.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN));
     Schema optional2 = Schema.createUnion(types2);
 
-    Assert.assertNotEquals(new Schema.Field("f3", optional2, null, (Object) null), fields.get(3));
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f3", optional2, null, Schema.Field.NULL_DEFAULT_VALUE), fields.get(3));
+    assertNotEquals(new Schema.Field("f3", optional2, null, (Object) null), fields.get(3));
+    assertEquals(new Schema.Field("f3", optional2, null, Schema.Field.NULL_DEFAULT_VALUE), fields.get(3));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDoc() {
+  void doc() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.fixed("myfixed").doc("mydoc").size(1);
-    Assert.assertEquals("mydoc", s.getDoc());
+    assertEquals("mydoc", s.getDoc());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testProps() {
+  void props() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("p1", "v1").prop("p2", "v2").prop("p2", "v2real") // overwrite
         .endInt();
     int size = s.getObjectProps().size();
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, size);
-    Assert.assertEquals("v1", s.getProp("p1"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("v2real", s.getProp("p2"));
+    assertEquals(2, size);
+    assertEquals("v1", s.getProp("p1"));
+    assertEquals("v2real", s.getProp("p2"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testObjectProps() {
+  void objectProps() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("booleanProp", true).prop("intProp", Integer.MAX_VALUE)
         .prop("longProp", Long.MAX_VALUE).prop("floatProp", 1.0f).prop("doubleProp", Double.MAX_VALUE)
         .prop("byteProp", new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 }).prop("stringProp", "abc").endInt();
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertEquals(7, s.getObjectProps().size());
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("booleanProp") instanceof Boolean);
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, s.getObjectProp("booleanProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("intProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("longProp") instanceof Long);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("longProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("floatProp") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(7, s.getObjectProps().size());
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("booleanProp") instanceof Boolean);
+    assertEquals(true, s.getObjectProp("booleanProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("intProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("longProp") instanceof Long);
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("longProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("floatProp") instanceof Float);
     // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, s.getObjectProp("floatProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("doubleProp") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("doubleProp"));
+    assertEquals(1.0f, s.getObjectProp("floatProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("doubleProp") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, s.getObjectProp("doubleProp"));
     // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("byteProp") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", s.getObjectProp("byteProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("stringProp") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", s.getObjectProp("stringProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("byteProp") instanceof byte[]);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 }, (byte[]) s.getObjectProp("byteProp"));
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("stringProp") instanceof String);
+    assertEquals("abc", s.getObjectProp("stringProp"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldObjectProps() {
+  void fieldObjectProps() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.builder().record("MyRecord").fields().name("myField").prop("booleanProp", true)
         .prop("intProp", Integer.MAX_VALUE).prop("longProp", Long.MAX_VALUE).prop("floatProp", 1.0f)
         .prop("doubleProp", Double.MAX_VALUE).prop("byteProp", new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 })
@@ -131,28 +134,31 @@ public void testFieldObjectProps() {
     Schema.Field f = s.getField("myField");
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertEquals(7, f.getObjectProps().size());
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("booleanProp") instanceof Boolean);
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, f.getObjectProp("booleanProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("intProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("longProp") instanceof Long);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("longProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("floatProp") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(7, f.getObjectProps().size());
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("booleanProp") instanceof Boolean);
+    assertEquals(true, f.getObjectProp("booleanProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("intProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("intProp") instanceof Integer);
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("longProp") instanceof Long);
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("longProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("floatProp") instanceof Float);
     // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, f.getObjectProp("floatProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("doubleProp") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("doubleProp"));
+    assertEquals(1.0f, f.getObjectProp("floatProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("doubleProp") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, f.getObjectProp("doubleProp"));
     // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("byteProp") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", f.getObjectProp("byteProp"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("stringProp") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", f.getObjectProp("stringProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("byteProp") instanceof byte[]);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 }, (byte[]) f.getObjectProp("byteProp"));
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("stringProp") instanceof String);
+    assertEquals("abc", f.getObjectProp("stringProp"));
+
+    assertEquals("abc", f.getObjectProp("stringProp", "default"));
+    assertEquals("default", f.getObjectProp("unknwon", "default"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayObjectProp() {
+  void arrayObjectProp() {
     List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();
     values.add(true);
     values.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -165,26 +171,26 @@ public void testArrayObjectProp() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("arrayProp", values).endInt();
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, s.getObjectProps().size());
+    assertEquals(1, s.getObjectProps().size());
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("arrayProp") instanceof Collection);
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("arrayProp") instanceof Collection);
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     Collection<Object> valueCollection = (Collection<Object>) s.getObjectProp("arrayProp");
     Iterator<Object> iter = valueCollection.iterator();
-    Assert.assertEquals(7, valueCollection.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", iter.next());
+    assertEquals(7, valueCollection.size());
+    assertEquals(true, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+
+    assertEquals(1.0f, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 }, (byte[]) iter.next());
+    assertEquals("abc", iter.next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldArrayObjectProp() {
+  void fieldArrayObjectProp() {
     List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();
     values.add(true);
     values.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -200,26 +206,26 @@ public void testFieldArrayObjectProp() {
     Schema.Field f = s.getField("myField");
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, f.getObjectProps().size());
+    assertEquals(1, f.getObjectProps().size());
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("arrayProp") instanceof Collection);
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("arrayProp") instanceof Collection);
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     Collection<Object> valueCollection = (Collection<Object>) f.getObjectProp("arrayProp");
     Iterator<Object> iter = valueCollection.iterator();
-    Assert.assertEquals(7, valueCollection.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
-    // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", iter.next());
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", iter.next());
+    assertEquals(7, valueCollection.size());
+    assertEquals(true, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+
+    assertEquals(1.0f, iter.next());
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, iter.next());
+
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43 }, (byte[]) iter.next());
+    assertEquals("abc", iter.next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMapObjectProp() {
+  void mapObjectProp() {
     Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<>();
     values.put("booleanKey", true);
     values.put("intKey", Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -232,31 +238,31 @@ public void testMapObjectProp() {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("mapProp", values).endInt();
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("mapProp") instanceof Map);
+    assertTrue(s.getObjectProp("mapProp") instanceof Map);
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     Map<String, Object> valueMap = (Map<String, Object>) s.getObjectProp("mapProp");
-    Assert.assertEquals(values.size(), valueMap.size());
-
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("booleanKey") instanceof Boolean);
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, valueMap.get("booleanKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("intKey") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("intKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("longKey") instanceof Long);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("longKey"));
-    // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("floatKey") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, valueMap.get("floatKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("doubleKey") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("doubleKey"));
-    // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("byteKey") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", valueMap.get("byteKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("stringKey") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", valueMap.get("stringKey"));
+    assertEquals(values.size(), valueMap.size());
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("booleanKey") instanceof Boolean);
+    assertEquals(true, valueMap.get("booleanKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("intKey") instanceof Integer);
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("intKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("longKey") instanceof Long);
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("longKey"));
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("floatKey") instanceof Float);
+    assertEquals(1.0f, valueMap.get("floatKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("doubleKey") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("doubleKey"));
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("byteKey") instanceof byte[]);
+    assertArrayEquals("ABC".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), (byte[]) valueMap.get("byteKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("stringKey") instanceof String);
+    assertEquals("abc", valueMap.get("stringKey"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldMapObjectProp() {
+  void fieldMapObjectProp() {
     Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<>();
     values.put("booleanKey", true);
     values.put("intKey", Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -272,42 +278,46 @@ public void testFieldMapObjectProp() {
     Schema.Field f = s.getField("myField");
 
     // object properties
-    Assert.assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("mapProp") instanceof Map);
+    assertTrue(f.getObjectProp("mapProp") instanceof Map);
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     Map<String, Object> valueMap = (Map<String, Object>) f.getObjectProp("mapProp");
-    Assert.assertEquals(values.size(), valueMap.size());
-
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("booleanKey") instanceof Boolean);
-    Assert.assertEquals(true, valueMap.get("booleanKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("intKey") instanceof Integer);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("intKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("longKey") instanceof Long);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("longKey"));
-    // float converts to double
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("floatKey") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1.0d, valueMap.get("floatKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("doubleKey") instanceof Double);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("doubleKey"));
-    // byte[] converts to string
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("byteKey") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("ABC", valueMap.get("byteKey"));
-    Assert.assertTrue(valueMap.get("stringKey") instanceof String);
-    Assert.assertEquals("abc", valueMap.get("stringKey"));
+    assertEquals(values.size(), valueMap.size());
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("booleanKey") instanceof Boolean);
+    assertEquals(true, valueMap.get("booleanKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("intKey") instanceof Integer);
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("intKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("longKey") instanceof Long);
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("longKey"));
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("floatKey") instanceof Float);
+    assertEquals(1.0f, valueMap.get("floatKey"));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("doubleKey") instanceof Double);
+    assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, valueMap.get("doubleKey"));
+
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("byteKey") instanceof byte[]);
+    assertEquals("ABC", new String((byte[]) valueMap.get("byteKey")));
+    assertTrue(valueMap.get("stringKey") instanceof String);
+    assertEquals("abc", valueMap.get("stringKey"));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testNullObjectProp() {
-    SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("nullProp", (Object) null).endInt();
+  @Test
+  void nullObjectProp() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("nullProp", (Object) null).endInt();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testFieldNullObjectProp() {
-    SchemaBuilder.builder().record("MyRecord").fields().name("myField").prop("nullProp", (Object) null).type().intType()
-        .noDefault().endRecord();
+  @Test
+  void fieldNullObjectProp() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.builder().record("MyRecord").fields().name("myField").prop("nullProp", (Object) null).type()
+          .intType().noDefault().endRecord();
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNamespaces() {
+  void namespaces() {
     Schema s1 = SchemaBuilder.record("myrecord").namespace("org.example").fields().name("myint").type().intType()
         .noDefault().endRecord();
     Schema s2 = SchemaBuilder.record("org.example.myrecord").fields().name("myint").type().intType().noDefault()
@@ -317,105 +327,107 @@ public void testNamespaces() {
     Schema s4 = SchemaBuilder.builder("org.example").record("myrecord").fields().name("myint").type().intType()
         .noDefault().endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("myrecord", s1.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("myrecord", s2.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("myrecord", s3.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("myrecord", s4.getName());
+    assertEquals("myrecord", s1.getName());
+    assertEquals("myrecord", s2.getName());
+    assertEquals("myrecord", s3.getName());
+    assertEquals("myrecord", s4.getName());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example", s1.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example", s2.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example", s3.getNamespace()); // namespace call is ignored
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example", s4.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals("org.example", s1.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals("org.example", s2.getNamespace());
+    assertEquals("org.example", s3.getNamespace()); // namespace call is ignored
+    assertEquals("org.example", s4.getNamespace());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s1.getFullName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s2.getFullName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s3.getFullName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s4.getFullName());
+    assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s1.getFullName());
+    assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s2.getFullName());
+    assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s3.getFullName());
+    assertEquals("org.example.myrecord", s4.getFullName());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testMissingRecordName() {
-    SchemaBuilder.record(null).fields() // null name
-        .name("f0").type().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
+  @Test
+  void missingRecordName() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.record(null).fields() // null name
+          .name("f0").type().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBoolean() {
+  void testBoolean() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.BOOLEAN;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().booleanType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().booleanBuilder().prop("p", "v").endBoolean();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() {
+  void testInt() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.INT;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().intType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().intBuilder().prop("p", "v").endInt();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() {
+  void testLong() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.LONG;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().longType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().longBuilder().prop("p", "v").endLong();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() {
+  void testFloat() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.FLOAT;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().floatType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().floatBuilder().prop("p", "v").endFloat();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDuble() {
+  void duble() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.DOUBLE;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().doubleType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().doubleBuilder().prop("p", "v").endDouble();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testString() {
+  void string() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.STRING;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().stringType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().stringBuilder().prop("p", "v").endString();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytes() {
+  void bytes() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.BYTES;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().bytesType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().bytesBuilder().prop("p", "v").endBytes();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNull() {
+  void testNull() {
     Schema.Type type = Schema.Type.NULL;
     Schema simple = SchemaBuilder.builder().nullType();
     Schema expected = primitive(type, simple);
     Schema built1 = SchemaBuilder.builder().nullBuilder().prop("p", "v").endNull();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, built1);
+    assertEquals(expected, built1);
   }
 
   private Schema primitive(Schema.Type type, Schema bare) {
     // test creation of bare schema by name
     Schema bareByName = SchemaBuilder.builder().type(type.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Schema.create(type), bareByName);
-    Assert.assertEquals(bareByName, bare);
+    assertEquals(Schema.create(type), bareByName);
+    assertEquals(bareByName, bare);
     // return a schema with custom prop set
     Schema p = Schema.create(type);
     p.addProp("p", "v");
@@ -434,112 +446,112 @@ private Schema primitive(Schema.Type type, Schema bare) {
 //  }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecursiveRecord() {
+  void recursiveRecord() {
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.record("LongList").fields().name("value").type().longType().noDefault().name("next")
         .type().optional().type("LongList").endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("LongList", schema.getName());
+    assertEquals("LongList", schema.getName());
     List<Schema.Field> fields = schema.getFields();
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, fields.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Schema.Field("value", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), null), fields.get(0));
+    assertEquals(2, fields.size());
+    assertEquals(new Schema.Field("value", Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), null), fields.get(0));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(Schema.Type.UNION, fields.get(1).schema().getType());
+    assertEquals(Schema.Type.UNION, fields.get(1).schema().getType());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, fields.get(1).schema().getTypes().get(0).getType());
+    assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, fields.get(1).schema().getTypes().get(0).getType());
     Schema recordSchema = fields.get(1).schema().getTypes().get(1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Schema.Type.RECORD, recordSchema.getType());
-    Assert.assertEquals("LongList", recordSchema.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals(NullNode.getInstance(), fields.get(1).defaultValue());
+    assertEquals(Schema.Type.RECORD, recordSchema.getType());
+    assertEquals("LongList", recordSchema.getName());
+    assertEquals(NullNode.getInstance(), fields.get(1).defaultValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnum() {
+  void testEnum() {
     List<String> symbols = Arrays.asList("a", "b");
     Schema expected = Schema.createEnum("myenum", null, null, symbols);
     expected.addProp("p", "v");
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("myenum").prop("p", "v").symbols("a", "b");
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumWithDefault() {
+  void enumWithDefault() {
     List<String> symbols = Arrays.asList("a", "b");
     String enumDefault = "a";
     Schema expected = Schema.createEnum("myenum", null, null, symbols, enumDefault);
     expected.addProp("p", "v");
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.enumeration("myenum").prop("p", "v").defaultSymbol(enumDefault).symbols("a", "b");
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixed() {
+  void fixed() {
     Schema expected = Schema.createFixed("myfixed", null, null, 16);
     expected.addAlias("myOldFixed");
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.fixed("myfixed").aliases("myOldFixed").size(16);
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArray() {
+  void array() {
     Schema longSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG);
     Schema expected = Schema.createArray(longSchema);
 
     Schema schema1 = SchemaBuilder.array().items().longType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema1);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema1);
 
     Schema schema2 = SchemaBuilder.array().items(longSchema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema2);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema2);
 
     Schema schema3 = SchemaBuilder.array().prop("p", "v").items().type("long");
     expected.addProp("p", "v");
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema3);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema3);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMap() {
+  void map() {
     Schema intSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
     Schema expected = Schema.createMap(intSchema);
 
     Schema schema1 = SchemaBuilder.map().values().intType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema1);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema1);
 
     Schema schema2 = SchemaBuilder.map().values(intSchema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema2);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema2);
 
     Schema schema3 = SchemaBuilder.map().prop("p", "v").values().type("int");
     expected.addProp("p", "v");
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema3);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema3);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionAndNullable() {
+  void unionAndNullable() {
     List<Schema> types = new ArrayList<>();
     types.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     types.add(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
     Schema expected = Schema.createUnion(types);
 
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.unionOf().longType().and().nullType().endUnion();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema);
 
     schema = SchemaBuilder.nullable().longType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, schema);
+    assertEquals(expected, schema);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFields() {
+  void fields() {
     Schema rec = SchemaBuilder.record("Rec").fields().name("documented").doc("documented").type().nullType().noDefault()
         .name("ascending").orderAscending().type().booleanType().noDefault().name("descending").orderDescending().type()
         .floatType().noDefault().name("ignored").orderIgnore().type().doubleType().noDefault().name("aliased")
         .aliases("anAlias").type().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
-    Assert.assertEquals("documented", rec.getField("documented").doc());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Order.ASCENDING, rec.getField("ascending").order());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Order.DESCENDING, rec.getField("descending").order());
-    Assert.assertEquals(Order.IGNORE, rec.getField("ignored").order());
-    Assert.assertTrue(rec.getField("aliased").aliases().contains("anAlias"));
+    assertEquals("documented", rec.getField("documented").doc());
+    assertEquals(Order.ASCENDING, rec.getField("ascending").order());
+    assertEquals(Order.DESCENDING, rec.getField("descending").order());
+    assertEquals(Order.IGNORE, rec.getField("ignored").order());
+    assertTrue(rec.getField("aliased").aliases().contains("anAlias"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldShortcuts() {
+  void fieldShortcuts() {
     Schema full = SchemaBuilder.record("Blah").fields().name("rbool").type().booleanType().noDefault().name("obool")
         .type().optional().booleanType().name("nbool").type().nullable().booleanType().booleanDefault(true).name("rint")
         .type().intType().noDefault().name("oint").type().optional().intType().name("nint").type().nullable().intType()
@@ -560,11 +572,11 @@ public void testFieldShortcuts() {
         .nullableString("nstring", "def").requiredBytes("rbytes").optionalBytes("obytes")
         .nullableBytes("nbytes", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }).endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(full, shortcut);
+    assertEquals(full, shortcut);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNames() {
+  void names() {
     // no contextual namespace
     Schema r = SchemaBuilder.record("Rec").fields().name("f0").type().fixed("org.foo.MyFixed").size(1).noDefault()
         .name("f1").type("org.foo.MyFixed").noDefault().name("f2").type("org.foo.MyFixed", "").noDefault().name("f3")
@@ -580,7 +592,7 @@ public void testNames() {
 
     // context namespace
     Schema f = SchemaBuilder.builder("").fixed("Foo").size(1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Schema.createFixed("Foo", null, null, 1), f);
+    assertEquals(Schema.createFixed("Foo", null, null, 1), f);
 
     // context namespace from record matches
     r = SchemaBuilder.record("Rec").namespace("org.foo").fields().name("f0").type().fixed("MyFixed").size(1).noDefault()
@@ -625,27 +637,33 @@ public void testNames() {
   }
 
   private void checkField(Schema r, Schema expected, String name) {
-    Assert.assertEquals(expected, r.getField(name).schema());
+    assertEquals(expected, r.getField(name).schema());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void testNamesFailRedefined() {
-    SchemaBuilder.record("Rec").fields().name("f0").type().enumeration("MyEnum").symbols("A", "B").enumDefault("A")
-        .name("f1").type().enumeration("MyEnum").symbols("X", "Y").noDefault().endRecord();
+  @Test
+  void namesFailRedefined() {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.record("Rec").fields().name("f0").type().enumeration("MyEnum").symbols("A", "B").enumDefault("A")
+          .name("f1").type().enumeration("MyEnum").symbols("X", "Y").noDefault().endRecord();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void testNamesFailAbsent() {
-    SchemaBuilder.builder().type("notdefined");
+  @Test
+  void namesFailAbsent() {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.builder().type("notdefined");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testNameReserved() {
-    SchemaBuilder.fixed("long").namespace("").size(1);
+  @Test
+  void nameReserved() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.fixed("long").namespace("").size(1);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldTypesAndDefaultValues() {
+  void fieldTypesAndDefaultValues() {
     byte[] bytedef = new byte[] { 3 };
     ByteBuffer bufdef = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytedef);
     String strdef = "\u0003";
@@ -689,57 +707,59 @@ public void testFieldTypesAndDefaultValues() {
 
     GenericData.Record newRec = new GenericRecordBuilder(r).build();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(false, newRec.get("boolF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(false, newRec.get("boolU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, newRec.get("intF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, newRec.get("intU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(2L, newRec.get("longF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(2L, newRec.get("longU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(3f, newRec.get("floatF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(3f, newRec.get("floatU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(4d, newRec.get("doubleF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(4d, newRec.get("doubleU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("def", newRec.get("stringF").toString());
-    Assert.assertEquals("def", newRec.get("stringU").toString());
-    Assert.assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF1"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF2"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF3"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesU"));
-    Assert.assertNull(newRec.get("nullF"));
-    Assert.assertNull(newRec.get("nullU"));
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF1")).bytes());
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF2")).bytes());
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF3")).bytes());
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedU")).bytes());
-    Assert.assertEquals("S", newRec.get("enumF").toString());
-    Assert.assertEquals("SS", newRec.get("enumU").toString());
+    assertEquals(false, newRec.get("boolF"));
+    assertEquals(false, newRec.get("boolU"));
+    assertEquals(1, newRec.get("intF"));
+    assertEquals(1, newRec.get("intU"));
+    assertEquals(2L, newRec.get("longF"));
+    assertEquals(2L, newRec.get("longU"));
+    assertEquals(3f, newRec.get("floatF"));
+    assertEquals(3f, newRec.get("floatU"));
+    assertEquals(4d, newRec.get("doubleF"));
+    assertEquals(4d, newRec.get("doubleU"));
+    assertEquals("def", newRec.get("stringF").toString());
+    assertEquals("def", newRec.get("stringU").toString());
+    assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF1"));
+    assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF2"));
+    assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesF3"));
+    assertEquals(bufdef, newRec.get("bytesU"));
+    assertNull(newRec.get("nullF"));
+    assertNull(newRec.get("nullU"));
+    assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF1")).bytes());
+    assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF2")).bytes());
+    assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedF3")).bytes());
+    assertArrayEquals(bytedef, ((GenericData.Fixed) newRec.get("fixedU")).bytes());
+    assertEquals("S", newRec.get("enumF").toString());
+    assertEquals("SS", newRec.get("enumU").toString());
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> map = (Map<CharSequence, CharSequence>) newRec.get("mapF");
-    Assert.assertEquals(mapdef.size(), map.size());
+    assertEquals(mapdef.size(), map.size());
     for (Map.Entry<CharSequence, CharSequence> e : map.entrySet()) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(mapdef.get(e.getKey().toString()), e.getValue().toString());
+      assertEquals(mapdef.get(e.getKey().toString()), e.getValue().toString());
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(newRec.get("mapF"), newRec.get("mapU"));
+    assertEquals(newRec.get("mapF"), newRec.get("mapU"));
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     GenericData.Array<CharSequence> arr = (GenericData.Array<CharSequence>) newRec.get("arrayF");
-    Assert.assertEquals(arrdef.size(), arr.size());
+    assertEquals(arrdef.size(), arr.size());
     for (CharSequence c : arr) {
-      Assert.assertTrue(arrdef.contains(c.toString()));
+      assertTrue(arrdef.contains(c.toString()));
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(newRec.get("arrayF"), newRec.get("arrayU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(recdef, newRec.get("recordF"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(recdef2, newRec.get("recordU"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("S", newRec.get("byName").toString());
+    assertEquals(newRec.get("arrayF"), newRec.get("arrayU"));
+    assertEquals(recdef, newRec.get("recordF"));
+    assertEquals(recdef2, newRec.get("recordU"));
+    assertEquals("S", newRec.get("byName").toString());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaBuilderException.class)
-  public void testBadDefault() {
-    SchemaBuilder.record("r").fields().name("f").type(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)).withDefault(new Object())
-        .endRecord();
+  @Test
+  void badDefault() {
+    assertThrows(SchemaBuilderException.class, () -> {
+      SchemaBuilder.record("r").fields().name("f").type(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)).withDefault(new Object())
+          .endRecord();
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionFieldBuild() {
+  void unionFieldBuild() {
     SchemaBuilder.record("r").fields().name("allUnion").type().unionOf().booleanType().and().intType().and().longType()
         .and().floatType().and().doubleType().and().stringType().and().bytesType().and().nullType().and().fixed("Fix")
         .size(1).and().enumeration("Enu").symbols("Q").and().array().items().intType().and().map().values().longType()
@@ -748,27 +768,27 @@ public void testUnionFieldBuild() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaults() throws IOException {
+  void defaults() throws IOException {
     Schema writeSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("r").fields().name("requiredInt").type().intType().noDefault()
         .name("optionalInt").type().optional().intType().name("nullableIntWithDefault").type().nullable().intType()
         .intDefault(3).endRecord();
 
     GenericData.Record rec1 = new GenericRecordBuilder(writeSchema).set("requiredInt", 1).build();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, rec1.get("requiredInt"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(null, rec1.get("optionalInt"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, rec1.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
+    assertEquals(1, rec1.get("requiredInt"));
+    assertNull(rec1.get("optionalInt"));
+    assertEquals(3, rec1.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
 
     GenericData.Record rec2 = new GenericRecordBuilder(writeSchema).set("requiredInt", 1).set("optionalInt", 2)
         .set("nullableIntWithDefault", 13).build();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, rec2.get("requiredInt"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, rec2.get("optionalInt"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(13, rec2.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
+    assertEquals(1, rec2.get("requiredInt"));
+    assertEquals(2, rec2.get("optionalInt"));
+    assertEquals(13, rec2.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
 
     // write to file
 
-    File file = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testDefaults.avro");
+    File file = new File(DIR.getPath(), "testDefaults.avro");
 
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       writer.create(writeSchema, file);
@@ -785,24 +805,24 @@ public void testDefaults() throws IOException {
         new GenericDatumReader<>(writeSchema, readSchema))) {
 
       GenericData.Record rec1read = reader.iterator().next();
-      Assert.assertEquals(1, rec1read.get("requiredInt"));
-      Assert.assertNull(rec1read.get("optionalInt"));
-      Assert.assertEquals(3, rec1read.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
-      Assert.assertNull(rec1read.get("newOptionalInt"));
-      Assert.assertEquals(5, rec1read.get("newNullableIntWithDefault"));
+      assertEquals(1, rec1read.get("requiredInt"));
+      assertNull(rec1read.get("optionalInt"));
+      assertEquals(3, rec1read.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
+      assertNull(rec1read.get("newOptionalInt"));
+      assertEquals(5, rec1read.get("newNullableIntWithDefault"));
 
       GenericData.Record rec2read = reader.iterator().next();
-      Assert.assertEquals(1, rec2read.get("requiredInt"));
-      Assert.assertEquals(2, rec2read.get("optionalInt"));
-      Assert.assertEquals(13, rec2read.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
-      Assert.assertNull(rec2read.get("newOptionalInt"));
-      Assert.assertEquals(5, rec2read.get("newNullableIntWithDefault"));
+      assertEquals(1, rec2read.get("requiredInt"));
+      assertEquals(2, rec2read.get("optionalInt"));
+      assertEquals(13, rec2read.get("nullableIntWithDefault"));
+      assertNull(rec2read.get("newOptionalInt"));
+      assertEquals(5, rec2read.get("newNullableIntWithDefault"));
     }
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultTypes() {
+  void defaultTypes() {
     Integer intDef = 1;
     Long longDef = 2L;
     Float floatDef = 3F;
@@ -811,34 +831,71 @@ public void testDefaultTypes() {
         .type().longType().longDefault(longDef).name("float").type().floatType().floatDefault(floatDef).name("double")
         .type().doubleType().doubleDefault(doubleDef).endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("int field default type or value mismatch", intDef, schema.getField("int").defaultVal());
-    Assert.assertEquals("long field default type or value mismatch", longDef, schema.getField("long").defaultVal());
-    Assert.assertEquals("float field default type or value mismatch", floatDef, schema.getField("float").defaultVal());
-    Assert.assertEquals("double field default type or value mismatch", doubleDef,
-        schema.getField("double").defaultVal());
+    assertEquals(intDef, schema.getField("int").defaultVal(), "int field default type or value mismatch");
+    assertEquals(longDef, schema.getField("long").defaultVal(), "long field default type or value mismatch");
+    assertEquals(floatDef, schema.getField("float").defaultVal(), "float field default type or value mismatch");
+    assertEquals(doubleDef, schema.getField("double").defaultVal(), "double field default type or value mismatch");
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testValidateDefaultsEnabled() {
-    try {
-      SchemaBuilder.record("ValidationRecord").fields().name("IntegerField").type("int").withDefault("Invalid")
-          .endRecord();
-    } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
-      Assert.assertEquals("Default behavior is to raise an exception due to record having an invalid default",
-          "Invalid default for field IntegerField: \"Invalid\" not a \"int\"", e.getMessage());
-      throw e;
-    }
+  @Test
+  void validateDefaultsEnabled() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      try {
+        SchemaBuilder.record("ValidationRecord").fields().name("IntegerField").type("int").withDefault("Invalid")
+            .endRecord();
+      } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
+        assertEquals("Invalid default for field IntegerField: \"Invalid\" not a \"int\"", e.getMessage(),
+            "Default behavior is to raise an exception due to record having an invalid default");
+        throw e;
+      }
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateDefaultsDisabled() {
+  void validateDefaultsDisabled() {
     final String fieldName = "IntegerField";
     final String defaultValue = "foo";
     Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.record("ValidationRecord").fields().name(fieldName).notValidatingDefaults()
         .type("int").withDefault(defaultValue) // Would throw an exception on endRecord() if validations enabled
         .endRecord();
-    Assert.assertNull("Differing types, so this returns null", schema.getField(fieldName).defaultVal());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Schema is able to be successfully created as is without validation", defaultValue,
-        schema.getField(fieldName).defaultValue().asText());
+    assertNull(schema.getField(fieldName).defaultVal(), "Differing types, so this returns null");
+    assertEquals(defaultValue, schema.getField(fieldName).defaultValue().asText(),
+        "Schema is able to be successfully created as is without validation");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-1965
+   */
+  @Test
+  void namespaceDefaulting() {
+    Schema d = SchemaBuilder.builder().intType();
+    Schema c = SchemaBuilder.record("c").fields().name("d").type(d).noDefault().endRecord();
+    Schema b = SchemaBuilder.record("b").fields().name("c").type(c).noDefault().endRecord();
+
+    Schema a1 = SchemaBuilder.record("default.a").fields().name("b").type(b).noDefault().endRecord();
+    Schema a2 = new Schema.Parser().parse(a1.toString());
+
+    assertEquals(a2, a1);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void namesAcceptAll() throws InterruptedException {
+    // Ensure that Schema.setNameValidator won't interfere with others unit tests.
+    Runnable r = () -> {
+      Schema.setNameValidator(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION);
+      final Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.record("7name").fields().name("123").type(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT))
+          .noDefault().endRecord();
+      Assertions.assertNotNull(schema);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("7name", schema.getName());
+      final Schema.Field field = schema.getField("123");
+      Assertions.assertEquals("123", field.name());
+    };
+
+    final Throwable[] exception = new Throwable[] { null };
+    Thread t = new Thread(r);
+    t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((Thread th, Throwable e) -> exception[0] = e);
+    t.start();
+    t.join();
+    Assertions.assertNull(exception[0], () -> exception[0].getMessage());
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCommons.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCommons.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3997bbafa90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCommons.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+public class TestSchemaCommons {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestSchemaCommons.class);
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("sharedFolders")
+  void runFolder(final File folder) throws IOException {
+    final File schemaSource = new File(folder, "schema.json");
+    final File data = new File(folder, "data.avro");
+
+    if (!schemaSource.exists()) {
+      LOG.warn("No 'schema.json' file on folder {}", folder.getPath());
+      return;
+    }
+    final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaSource);
+    assertNotNull(schema);
+
+    if (!data.exists()) {
+      LOG.warn("No 'data.avro' file on folder {}", folder.getPath());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // output file
+    final String rootTest = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource(".").getPath();
+    final File copyData = new File(rootTest, "copy.avro");
+
+    // Deserialize from disk
+    DatumWriter<GenericRecord> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
+    try (DataFileReader<GenericRecord> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<>(data, datumReader);
+        DataFileWriter<GenericRecord> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(datumWriter)) {
+      dataFileWriter.create(schema, copyData);
+      GenericRecord record = null;
+      int counter = 0;
+      while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
+        record = dataFileReader.next();
+        counter++;
+        assertNotNull(record);
+        dataFileWriter.append(record);
+      }
+      assertTrue(counter > 0, "no data in file");
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup
+    assertTrue(copyData.delete());
+  }
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> sharedFolders() {
+    File root = new File("target/test-classes/share/test/data/schemas");
+    return Arrays.stream(root.listFiles(File::isDirectory)).map(Arguments::of);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibility.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibility.java
index 27d47d221c4..275bcfafede 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibility.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibility.java
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.EMPTY_UNION_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_DEFAULT;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_2;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_RECORD;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA;
@@ -65,6 +68,8 @@
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_UNION_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.NS_RECORD1;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.NS_RECORD2;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.WITH_NS;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.WITHOUT_NS;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.NULL_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ReaderWriter;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.STRING_ARRAY_SCHEMA;
@@ -73,9 +78,7 @@
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.STRING_UNION_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.assertSchemaContains;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.list;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -115,9 +118,9 @@ public class TestSchemaCompatibility {
       new Schema.Field("oldfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null), new Schema.Field("oldfield2", STRING_SCHEMA, null, null)));
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateSchemaPairMissingField() {
+  void validateSchemaPairMissingField() {
     final List<Field> readerFields = list(new Schema.Field("oldfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null));
-    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(readerFields);
+    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, readerFields);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility expectedResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
         SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityResult.compatible(), reader, WRITER_SCHEMA,
         SchemaCompatibility.READER_WRITER_COMPATIBLE_MESSAGE);
@@ -127,9 +130,9 @@ public void testValidateSchemaPairMissingField() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateSchemaPairMissingSecondField() {
+  void validateSchemaPairMissingSecondField() {
     final List<Schema.Field> readerFields = list(new Schema.Field("oldfield2", STRING_SCHEMA, null, null));
-    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(readerFields);
+    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, readerFields);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility expectedResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
         SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityResult.compatible(), reader, WRITER_SCHEMA,
         SchemaCompatibility.READER_WRITER_COMPATIBLE_MESSAGE);
@@ -139,10 +142,10 @@ public void testValidateSchemaPairMissingSecondField() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateSchemaPairAllFields() {
+  void validateSchemaPairAllFields() {
     final List<Schema.Field> readerFields = list(new Schema.Field("oldfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null),
         new Schema.Field("oldfield2", STRING_SCHEMA, null, null));
-    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(readerFields);
+    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, readerFields);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility expectedResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
         SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityResult.compatible(), reader, WRITER_SCHEMA,
         SchemaCompatibility.READER_WRITER_COMPATIBLE_MESSAGE);
@@ -152,10 +155,10 @@ public void testValidateSchemaPairAllFields() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateSchemaNewFieldWithDefault() {
+  void validateSchemaNewFieldWithDefault() {
     final List<Schema.Field> readerFields = list(new Schema.Field("oldfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null),
         new Schema.Field("newfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, 42));
-    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(readerFields);
+    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, readerFields);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility expectedResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
         SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityResult.compatible(), reader, WRITER_SCHEMA,
         SchemaCompatibility.READER_WRITER_COMPATIBLE_MESSAGE);
@@ -165,10 +168,10 @@ public void testValidateSchemaNewFieldWithDefault() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateSchemaNewField() {
+  void validateSchemaNewField() {
     final List<Schema.Field> readerFields = list(new Schema.Field("oldfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null),
         new Schema.Field("newfield1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null));
-    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(readerFields);
+    final Schema reader = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, readerFields);
     SchemaPairCompatibility compatibility = checkReaderWriterCompatibility(reader, WRITER_SCHEMA);
 
     // Test new field without default value.
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ public void testValidateSchemaNewField() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateArrayWriterSchema() {
+  void validateArrayWriterSchema() {
     final Schema validReader = Schema.createArray(STRING_SCHEMA);
     final Schema invalidReader = Schema.createMap(STRING_SCHEMA);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility validResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ public void testValidateArrayWriterSchema() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidatePrimitiveWriterSchema() {
+  void validatePrimitiveWriterSchema() {
     final Schema validReader = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     final SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility validResult = new SchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility(
         SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityResult.compatible(), validReader, STRING_SCHEMA,
@@ -225,11 +228,27 @@ public void testValidatePrimitiveWriterSchema() {
    * Reader union schema must contain all writer union branches.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testUnionReaderWriterSubsetIncompatibility() {
+  void unionReaderWriterSubsetIncompatibility() {
     final Schema unionWriter = Schema.createUnion(list(INT_SCHEMA, STRING_SCHEMA, LONG_SCHEMA));
     final Schema unionReader = Schema.createUnion(list(INT_SCHEMA, STRING_SCHEMA));
     final SchemaPairCompatibility result = checkReaderWriterCompatibility(unionReader, unionWriter);
     assertEquals(SchemaCompatibilityType.INCOMPATIBLE, result.getType());
+    assertEquals("/2", result.getResult().getIncompatibilities().get(0).getLocation());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void unionWriterSimpleReaderIncompatibility() {
+    Schema mandatorySchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Account").fields().name("age").type().intType().noDefault()
+        .endRecord();
+    Schema optionalSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Account").fields().optionalInt("age").endRecord();
+
+    SchemaPairCompatibility compatibility = checkReaderWriterCompatibility(mandatorySchema, optionalSchema);
+
+    assertEquals(SchemaCompatibilityType.INCOMPATIBLE, compatibility.getType());
+
+    Incompatibility incompatibility = compatibility.getResult().getIncompatibilities().get(0);
+    assertEquals("reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: NULL", incompatibility.getMessage());
+    assertEquals("/fields/0/type/0", incompatibility.getLocation());
   }
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -259,6 +278,10 @@ public void testUnionReaderWriterSubsetIncompatibility() {
       new ReaderWriter(INT_MAP_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(LONG_MAP_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA),
 
       new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA, ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA),
+      new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_DEFAULT, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA),
+      new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1),
+      new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1, ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA),
+      new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1, ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_2),
 
       // String-to/from-bytes, introduced in Avro 1.7.7
       new ReaderWriter(STRING_SCHEMA, BYTES_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(BYTES_SCHEMA, STRING_SCHEMA),
@@ -315,7 +338,7 @@ public void testUnionReaderWriterSubsetIncompatibility() {
 
       // This is comparing two records that have an inner array of records with
       // different namespaces.
-      new ReaderWriter(NS_RECORD1, NS_RECORD2));
+      new ReaderWriter(NS_RECORD1, NS_RECORD2), new ReaderWriter(WITHOUT_NS, WITH_NS));
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -362,14 +385,14 @@ public static void validateIncompatibleSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer,
    * Tests reader/writer compatibility validation.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testReaderWriterCompatibility() {
+  void readerWriterCompatibility() {
     for (ReaderWriter readerWriter : COMPATIBLE_READER_WRITER_TEST_CASES) {
       final Schema reader = readerWriter.getReader();
       final Schema writer = readerWriter.getWriter();
       LOG.debug("Testing compatibility of reader {} with writer {}.", reader, writer);
       final SchemaPairCompatibility result = checkReaderWriterCompatibility(reader, writer);
-      assertEquals(String.format("Expecting reader %s to be compatible with writer %s, but tested incompatible.",
-          reader, writer), SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, result.getType());
+      assertEquals(SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, result.getType(), String
+          .format("Expecting reader %s to be compatible with writer %s, but tested incompatible.", reader, writer));
     }
   }
 
@@ -460,7 +483,7 @@ ENUM_AB_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA, new EnumSymbol(ENUM_AB_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA, "A"
    * Tests the reader/writer compatibility at decoding time.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testReaderWriterDecodingCompatibility() throws Exception {
+  void readerWriterDecodingCompatibility() throws Exception {
     for (DecodingTestCase testCase : DECODING_COMPATIBILITY_TEST_CASES) {
       final Schema readerSchema = testCase.getReaderSchema();
       final Schema writerSchema = testCase.getWriterSchema();
@@ -483,10 +506,11 @@ public void testReaderWriterDecodingCompatibility() throws Exception {
       final DatumReader<Object> datumReader = new GenericDatumReader<>(readerSchema);
       final Object decodedDatum = datumReader.read(null, decoder);
 
-      assertEquals(String.format(
-          "Expecting decoded value %s when decoding value %s whose writer schema is %s "
-              + "using reader schema %s, but value was %s.",
-          expectedDecodedDatum, datum, writerSchema, readerSchema, decodedDatum), expectedDecodedDatum, decodedDatum);
+      assertEquals(expectedDecodedDatum, decodedDatum,
+          String.format(
+              "Expecting decoded value %s when decoding value %s whose writer schema is %s "
+                  + "using reader schema %s, but value was %s.",
+              expectedDecodedDatum, datum, writerSchema, readerSchema, decodedDatum));
     }
   }
 
@@ -500,7 +524,7 @@ private Schema readSchemaFromResources(String name) throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void checkResolvingDecoder() throws IOException {
+  void checkResolvingDecoder() throws IOException {
     final Schema locationSchema = readSchemaFromResources("schema-location.json");
     final Schema writeSchema = readSchemaFromResources("schema-location-write.json");
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityEnumDefaults.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityEnumDefaults.java
index 33fc5ce3d33..ce701af12c0 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityEnumDefaults.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityEnumDefaults.java
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM_AB_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
@@ -35,18 +36,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityEnumDefaults {
-  @Rule
-  public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumDefaultNotAppliedWhenWriterFieldMissing() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("Found Record1, expecting Record1, missing required field field1");
+  void enumDefaultNotAppliedWhenWriterFieldMissing() throws Exception {
 
     Schema writerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field2").type(ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA).noDefault()
         .endRecord();
@@ -56,11 +51,13 @@ public void testEnumDefaultNotAppliedWhenWriterFieldMissing() throws Exception {
 
     GenericRecord datum = new GenericData.Record(writerSchema);
     datum.put("field2", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(writerSchema, "B"));
-    serializeWithWriterThenDeserializeWithReader(writerSchema, datum, readerSchema);
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> serializeWithWriterThenDeserializeWithReader(writerSchema, datum, readerSchema));
+    assertEquals("Found Record1, expecting Record1, missing required field field1", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumDefaultAppliedWhenNoFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
+  void enumDefaultAppliedWhenNoFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
     Schema writerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field1").type(ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA)
         .noDefault().endRecord();
 
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ public void testEnumDefaultAppliedWhenNoFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumDefaultNotAppliedWhenCompatibleSymbolIsFound() throws Exception {
+  void enumDefaultNotAppliedWhenCompatibleSymbolIsFound() throws Exception {
     Schema writerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field1").type(ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA)
         .noDefault().endRecord();
 
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@ public void testEnumDefaultNotAppliedWhenCompatibleSymbolIsFound() throws Except
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumDefaultAppliedWhenFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
+  void enumDefaultAppliedWhenFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
     Schema writerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field1").type(ENUM_ABC_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_SCHEMA)
         .noDefault().endRecord();
 
@@ -104,10 +101,7 @@ public void testEnumDefaultAppliedWhenFieldDefaultDefined() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldDefaultNotAppliedForUnknownSymbol() throws Exception {
-    expectedException.expect(AvroTypeException.class);
-    expectedException.expectMessage("No match for C");
-
+  void fieldDefaultNotAppliedForUnknownSymbol() throws Exception {
     Schema writerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field1").type(ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA).noDefault()
         .endRecord();
     Schema readerSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields().name("field1").type(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA).withDefault("A")
@@ -115,7 +109,9 @@ public void testFieldDefaultNotAppliedForUnknownSymbol() throws Exception {
 
     GenericRecord datum = new GenericData.Record(writerSchema);
     datum.put("field1", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(writerSchema, "C"));
-    serializeWithWriterThenDeserializeWithReader(writerSchema, datum, readerSchema);
+    AvroTypeException avroTypeException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class,
+        () -> serializeWithWriterThenDeserializeWithReader(writerSchema, datum, readerSchema));
+    assertEquals("No match for C", avroTypeException.getMessage());
   }
 
   private GenericRecord serializeWithWriterThenDeserializeWithReader(Schema writerSchema, GenericRecord datum,
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityFixedSizeMismatch.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityFixedSizeMismatch.java
index 6ac3c68dc03..05321527cb4 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityFixedSizeMismatch.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityFixedSizeMismatch.java
@@ -17,44 +17,34 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DFIXED_4_BYTES_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DFIXED_8_BYTES_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FIXED_4_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FIXED_8_BYTES;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityFixedSizeMismatch {
 
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { FIXED_4_BYTES, FIXED_8_BYTES, "expected: 8, found: 4", "/size" },
-        { FIXED_8_BYTES, FIXED_4_BYTES, "expected: 4, found: 8", "/size" },
-        { A_DINT_B_DFIXED_8_BYTES_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DFIXED_4_BYTES_RECORD1, "expected: 4, found: 8",
-            "/fields/1/type/size" },
-        { A_DINT_B_DFIXED_4_BYTES_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DFIXED_8_BYTES_RECORD1, "expected: 8, found: 4",
-            "/fields/1/type/size" }, };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(FIXED_4_BYTES, FIXED_8_BYTES, "expected: 8, found: 4", "/size"),
+        Arguments.of(FIXED_8_BYTES, FIXED_4_BYTES, "expected: 4, found: 8", "/size"),
+        Arguments.of(A_DINT_B_DFIXED_8_BYTES_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DFIXED_4_BYTES_RECORD1, "expected: 4, found: 8",
+            "/fields/1/type/size"),
+        Arguments.of(A_DINT_B_DFIXED_4_BYTES_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DFIXED_8_BYTES_RECORD1, "expected: 8, found: 4",
+            "/fields/1/type/size"));
   }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public String details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public String location;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testFixedSizeMismatchSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  void fixedSizeMismatchSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer, String details, String location) {
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, SchemaIncompatibilityType.FIXED_SIZE_MISMATCH, details, location);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols.java
index 82b70fe2443..63d607cd596 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols.java
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols {
 
   private static final Schema RECORD1_WITH_ENUM_AB = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields() //
@@ -39,26 +39,15 @@ public class TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingEnumSymbols {
       .name("field1").type(ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA).noDefault() //
       .endRecord();
 
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA, "[C]", "/symbols" },
-        { ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA, "[A]", "/symbols" },
-        { RECORD1_WITH_ENUM_AB, RECORD1_WITH_ENUM_ABC, "[C]", "/fields/0/type/symbols" } };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA, "[C]", "/symbols"),
+        Arguments.of(ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA, "[A]", "/symbols"),
+        Arguments.of(RECORD1_WITH_ENUM_AB, RECORD1_WITH_ENUM_ABC, "[C]", "/fields/0/type/symbols"));
   }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public String details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public String location;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testTypeMismatchSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testTypeMismatchSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer, String details, String location) {
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, SchemaIncompatibilityType.MISSING_ENUM_SYMBOLS, details, location);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch.java
index 4f947690009..3e84a5337c9 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch.java
@@ -17,22 +17,40 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DINT_STRING_UNION_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DINT_UNION_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.BOOLEAN_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.BYTES_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FIXED_4_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_MAP_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_STRING_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.NULL_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.STRING_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.list;
+
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch {
 
   private static final Schema RECORD1_WITH_INT = SchemaBuilder.record("Record1").fields() //
@@ -50,61 +68,52 @@ public class TestSchemaCompatibilityMissingUnionBranch {
   private static final Schema UNION_INT_MAP_INT = Schema.createUnion(list(INT_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA));
   private static final Schema UNION_INT_NULL = Schema.createUnion(list(INT_SCHEMA, NULL_SCHEMA));
 
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_STRING_UNION_SCHEMA,
-            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: STRING"), Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { STRING_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_STRING_UNION_SCHEMA,
-            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: INT"), Collections.singletonList("/0") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_RECORD1, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_RECORD2, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of( //
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_STRING_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: STRING"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(STRING_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_STRING_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: INT"), Collections.singletonList("/0")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_RECORD1,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_RECORD2,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
         // more info in the subset schemas
-        { UNION_INT_RECORD1, UNION_INT_RECORD2, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_ENUM1_AB, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: ENUM"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_FIXED_4_BYTES,
-            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: FIXED"), Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_BOOLEAN, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: BOOLEAN"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, LONG_UNION_SCHEMA, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: LONG"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/0") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: FLOAT"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/0") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: DOUBLE"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/0") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, BYTES_UNION_SCHEMA, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: BYTES"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/0") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_ARRAY_INT, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: ARRAY"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_MAP_INT, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: MAP"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_NULL, Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: NULL"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/1") },
-        { INT_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA,
+        Arguments.of(UNION_INT_RECORD1, UNION_INT_RECORD2,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: RECORD"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_ENUM1_AB,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: ENUM"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_FIXED_4_BYTES,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: FIXED"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_BOOLEAN,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: BOOLEAN"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, LONG_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: LONG"), Collections.singletonList("/0")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: FLOAT"), Collections.singletonList("/0")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: DOUBLE"), Collections.singletonList("/0")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, BYTES_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: BYTES"), Collections.singletonList("/0")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_ARRAY_INT,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: ARRAY"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_MAP_INT,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: MAP"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, UNION_INT_NULL,
+            Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: NULL"), Collections.singletonList("/1")),
+        Arguments.of(INT_UNION_SCHEMA, INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA,
             asList("reader union lacking writer type: LONG", "reader union lacking writer type: FLOAT",
                 "reader union lacking writer type: DOUBLE"),
-            asList("/1", "/2", "/3") },
-        { A_DINT_B_DINT_UNION_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DINT_STRING_UNION_RECORD1,
+            asList("/1", "/2", "/3")),
+        Arguments.of(A_DINT_B_DINT_UNION_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DINT_STRING_UNION_RECORD1,
             Collections.singletonList("reader union lacking writer type: STRING"),
-            Collections.singletonList("/fields/1/type/1") } };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
+            Collections.singletonList("/fields/1/type/1")));
   }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public List<String> details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public List<String> location;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testMissingUnionBranch() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testMissingUnionBranch(Schema reader, Schema writer, List<String> details, List<String> location)
+      throws Exception {
     List<SchemaIncompatibilityType> types = Collections.nCopies(details.size(),
         SchemaIncompatibilityType.MISSING_UNION_BRANCH);
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, types, details, location);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMultiple.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMultiple.java
index 23946755b85..456e4b9d178 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMultiple.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityMultiple.java
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityMultiple {
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleIncompatibilities() throws Exception {
+  void multipleIncompatibilities() throws Exception {
     Schema reader = SchemaBuilder.record("base").fields()
         // 0
         .name("check_enum_symbols_field").type().enumeration("check_enum_symbols_type").symbols("A", "C").noDefault()
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityNameMismatch.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityNameMismatch.java
index 83c89ab7b76..d20561faae8 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityNameMismatch.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityNameMismatch.java
@@ -17,44 +17,37 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DENUM_1_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_DINT_B_DENUM_2_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.EMPTY_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.EMPTY_RECORD2;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FIXED_4_BYTES;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityNameMismatch {
 
   private static final Schema FIXED_4_ANOTHER_NAME = Schema.createFixed("AnotherName", null, null, 4);
 
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, "expected: Enum2", "/name" },
-        { EMPTY_RECORD2, EMPTY_RECORD1, "expected: Record1", "/name" },
-        { FIXED_4_BYTES, FIXED_4_ANOTHER_NAME, "expected: AnotherName", "/name" },
-        { A_DINT_B_DENUM_1_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DENUM_2_RECORD1, "expected: Enum2", "/fields/1/type/name" } };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, "expected: Enum2", "/name"),
+        Arguments.of(EMPTY_RECORD2, EMPTY_RECORD1, "expected: Record1", "/name"),
+        Arguments.of(FIXED_4_BYTES, FIXED_4_ANOTHER_NAME, "expected: AnotherName", "/name"),
+        Arguments.of(A_DINT_B_DENUM_1_RECORD1, A_DINT_B_DENUM_2_RECORD1, "expected: Enum2", "/fields/1/type/name"));
   }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public String details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public String location;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testNameMismatchSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testNameMismatchSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer, String details, String location) throws Exception {
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, SchemaIncompatibilityType.NAME_MISMATCH, details, location);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityReaderFieldMissingDefaultValue.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityReaderFieldMissingDefaultValue.java
index d367caed941..7a21c1a5fcd 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityReaderFieldMissingDefaultValue.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityReaderFieldMissingDefaultValue.java
@@ -17,38 +17,29 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_INT_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.EMPTY_RECORD1;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityReaderFieldMissingDefaultValue {
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { A_INT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0" }, { A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0" } };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
-  }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public String details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public String location;
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(A_INT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0"),
+        Arguments.of(A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0"));
+  }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testReaderFieldMissingDefaultValueSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testReaderFieldMissingDefaultValueSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer, String details, String location) {
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, SchemaIncompatibilityType.READER_FIELD_MISSING_DEFAULT_VALUE, details,
         location);
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityTypeMismatch.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityTypeMismatch.java
index 63dd3ac11a7..247e40404ba 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityTypeMismatch.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaCompatibilityTypeMismatch.java
@@ -17,82 +17,94 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
-import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility.SchemaIncompatibilityType;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemaCompatibility.validateIncompatibleSchemas;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.A_INT_RECORD1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.BOOLEAN_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.BYTES_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.DOUBLE_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FIXED_4_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.FLOAT_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_LIST_RECORD;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_MAP_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.INT_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_ARRAY_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_LIST_RECORD;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_MAP_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.LONG_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.NULL_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.STRING_SCHEMA;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestSchemaCompatibilityTypeMismatch {
-  @Parameters(name = "r: {0} | w: {1}")
-  public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
-    Object[][] fields = { //
-        { NULL_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
-        { NULL_SCHEMA, LONG_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/" },
 
-        { BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: BOOLEAN not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(
+        Arguments.of(NULL_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(NULL_SCHEMA, LONG_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/"),
+
+        Arguments.of(BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: BOOLEAN not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
 
-        { INT_SCHEMA, NULL_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: NULL", "/" },
-        { INT_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: BOOLEAN", "/" },
-        { INT_SCHEMA, LONG_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/" },
-        { INT_SCHEMA, FLOAT_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/" },
-        { INT_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, NULL_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: NULL", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: BOOLEAN", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, LONG_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, FLOAT_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/"),
 
-        { LONG_SCHEMA, FLOAT_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/" },
-        { LONG_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(LONG_SCHEMA, FLOAT_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(LONG_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/"),
 
-        { FLOAT_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: FLOAT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(FLOAT_SCHEMA, DOUBLE_SCHEMA, "reader type: FLOAT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/"),
 
-        { DOUBLE_SCHEMA, STRING_SCHEMA, "reader type: DOUBLE not compatible with writer type: STRING", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(DOUBLE_SCHEMA, STRING_SCHEMA, "reader type: DOUBLE not compatible with writer type: STRING", "/"),
 
-        { FIXED_4_BYTES, STRING_SCHEMA, "reader type: FIXED not compatible with writer type: STRING", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(FIXED_4_BYTES, STRING_SCHEMA, "reader type: FIXED not compatible with writer type: STRING", "/"),
 
-        { STRING_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, "reader type: STRING not compatible with writer type: BOOLEAN", "/" },
-        { STRING_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: STRING not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(STRING_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, "reader type: STRING not compatible with writer type: BOOLEAN",
+            "/"),
+        Arguments.of(STRING_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: STRING not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
 
-        { BYTES_SCHEMA, NULL_SCHEMA, "reader type: BYTES not compatible with writer type: NULL", "/" },
-        { BYTES_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: BYTES not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(BYTES_SCHEMA, NULL_SCHEMA, "reader type: BYTES not compatible with writer type: NULL", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(BYTES_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: BYTES not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
 
-        { A_INT_RECORD1, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: RECORD not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(A_INT_RECORD1, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: RECORD not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
 
-        { INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, LONG_ARRAY_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/items" },
-        { INT_MAP_SCHEMA, INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, "reader type: MAP not compatible with writer type: ARRAY", "/" },
-        { INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA, "reader type: ARRAY not compatible with writer type: MAP", "/" },
-        { INT_MAP_SCHEMA, LONG_MAP_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG", "/values" },
+        Arguments.of(INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, LONG_ARRAY_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG",
+            "/items"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_MAP_SCHEMA, INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, "reader type: MAP not compatible with writer type: ARRAY", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA, "reader type: ARRAY not compatible with writer type: MAP", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_MAP_SCHEMA, LONG_MAP_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG",
+            "/values"),
 
-        { INT_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: ENUM", "/" },
-        { ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: ENUM not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: ENUM", "/"),
+        Arguments.of(ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: ENUM not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"),
 
-        { FLOAT_SCHEMA, INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA,
-            "reader type: FLOAT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/" },
-        { LONG_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/" },
-        { INT_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: FLOAT", "/" },
+        Arguments.of(FLOAT_SCHEMA, INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA,
+            "reader type: FLOAT not compatible with writer type: DOUBLE", "/3"),
+        Arguments.of(LONG_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA, "reader type: LONG not compatible with writer type: FLOAT",
+            "/1"),
+        Arguments.of(INT_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: FLOAT",
+            "/1"),
 
-        { INT_LIST_RECORD, LONG_LIST_RECORD, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG",
-            "/fields/0/type" },
+        Arguments.of(INT_LIST_RECORD, LONG_LIST_RECORD, "reader type: INT not compatible with writer type: LONG",
+            "/fields/0/type"),
 
-        { NULL_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: INT", "/" } };
-    return Arrays.asList(fields);
+        Arguments.of(NULL_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA, "reader type: NULL not compatible with writer type: INT", "/"));
   }
 
-  @Parameter(0)
-  public Schema reader;
-  @Parameter(1)
-  public Schema writer;
-  @Parameter(2)
-  public String details;
-  @Parameter(3)
-  public String location;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testTypeMismatchSchemas() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testTypeMismatchSchemas(Schema reader, Schema writer, String details, String location) throws Exception {
     validateIncompatibleSchemas(reader, writer, SchemaIncompatibilityType.TYPE_MISMATCH, details, location);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaNormalization.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaNormalization.java
index 97b7a7803ce..4bd1c36f506 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaNormalization.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaNormalization.java
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -31,51 +29,36 @@
 import java.util.Locale;
 
 import org.apache.avro.util.CaseFinder;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.experimental.runners.Enclosed;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-@RunWith(Enclosed.class)
 public class TestSchemaNormalization {
 
-  @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+  @Nested
   public static class TestCanonical {
-    String input, expectedOutput;
-
-    public TestCanonical(String i, String o) {
-      input = i;
-      expectedOutput = o;
-    }
 
-    @Parameters
     public static List<Object[]> cases() throws IOException {
       return CaseFinder.find(data(), "canonical", new ArrayList<>());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testCanonicalization() throws Exception {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("cases")
+    void canonicalization(String input, String expectedOutput) {
       assertEquals(SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(new Schema.Parser().parse(input)), expectedOutput);
     }
   }
 
-  @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+  @Nested
   public static class TestFingerprint {
-    String input, expectedOutput;
 
-    public TestFingerprint(String i, String o) {
-      input = i;
-      expectedOutput = o;
-    }
-
-    @Parameters
     public static List<Object[]> cases() throws IOException {
       return CaseFinder.find(data(), "fingerprint", new ArrayList<>());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testCanonicalization() throws Exception {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("cases")
+    void canonicalization(String input, String expectedOutput) {
       Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(input);
       long carefulFP = altFingerprint(SchemaNormalization.toParsingForm(s));
       assertEquals(carefulFP, Long.parseLong(expectedOutput));
@@ -84,22 +67,16 @@ public void testCanonicalization() throws Exception {
   }
 
   // see AVRO-1493
-  @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+  @Nested
   public static class TestFingerprintInternationalization {
-    String input, expectedOutput;
-
-    public TestFingerprintInternationalization(String i, String o) {
-      input = i;
-      expectedOutput = o;
-    }
 
-    @Parameters
     public static List<Object[]> cases() throws IOException {
       return CaseFinder.find(data(), "fingerprint", new ArrayList<>());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testCanonicalization() throws Exception {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("cases")
+    void canonicalization(String input, String expectedOutput) {
       Locale originalDefaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();
       Locale.setDefault(Locale.forLanguageTag("tr"));
       Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(input);
@@ -152,8 +129,7 @@ private static long altExtend(long poly, int degree, long fp, byte[] b) {
   private static final byte[] POSTFIX = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
   private static void assertEqHex(long expected, long actual) {
-    String m = format("0x%016x != 0x%016x", expected, actual);
-    assertTrue(m, expected == actual);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual, () -> format("0x%016x != 0x%016x", expected, actual));
   }
 
   private static String format(String f, Object... args) {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaParser.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29c8f65be66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class TestSchemaParser {
+  private static final Schema SCHEMA_REAL = Schema.createFixed("Real", null, "tests", 42);
+  private static final String SCHEMA_JSON = SCHEMA_REAL.toString(false);
+  private static final Charset[] UTF_CHARSETS = { StandardCharsets.UTF_8, StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE,
+      StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE };
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseFile() throws IOException {
+    Path tempFile = Files.createTempFile("TestSchemaParser", null);
+    Files.write(tempFile, singletonList(SCHEMA_JSON));
+
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(tempFile.toFile()).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParsePath() throws IOException {
+    Path tempFile = Files.createTempFile("TestSchemaParser", null);
+    Files.write(tempFile, singletonList(SCHEMA_JSON));
+
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(tempFile).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseURI() throws IOException {
+    Path tempFile = Files.createTempFile("TestSchemaParser", null);
+    Charset charset = UTF_CHARSETS[(int) Math.floor(UTF_CHARSETS.length * Math.random())];
+    Files.write(tempFile, singletonList(SCHEMA_JSON), charset);
+
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(tempFile.toUri(), null).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseReader() throws IOException {
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(new StringReader(SCHEMA_JSON)).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseStream() throws IOException {
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(SCHEMA_JSON.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_16)))
+        .mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseTextWithFallbackJsonParser() {
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(SCHEMA_JSON).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(SCHEMA_REAL, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testParseByCustomParser() {
+    Schema schema = new SchemaParser().parse(DummySchemaParser.SCHEMA_TEXT_ONE).mainSchema();
+    assertEquals(DummySchemaParser.FIXED_SCHEMA, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSingleParseError() {
+    SchemaParseException parseException = assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class,
+        () -> new SchemaParser().parse("foo").mainSchema());
+    assertEquals(JsonParseException.class, parseException.getCause().getClass());
+    assertEquals(0, parseException.getSuppressed().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testMultipleParseErrors() {
+    SchemaParseException parseException = assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class,
+        () -> new SchemaParser().parse(DummySchemaParser.SCHEMA_TEXT_ERROR).mainSchema());
+    assertTrue(parseException.getMessage().startsWith("Could not parse the schema"));
+    Throwable[] suppressed = parseException.getSuppressed();
+    assertEquals(2, suppressed.length);
+    assertEquals(DummySchemaParser.ERROR_MESSAGE, suppressed[0].getMessage());
+    assertEquals(JsonParseException.class, suppressed[1].getCause().getClass());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testIOFailureWhileParsingText() {
+    AvroRuntimeException exception = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class,
+        () -> new SchemaParser().parse(DummySchemaParser.SCHEMA_TEXT_IO_ERROR).mainSchema());
+    assertEquals(IOException.class, exception.getCause().getClass());
+    assertEquals(DummySchemaParser.IO_ERROR_MESSAGE, exception.getCause().getMessage());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidateDefault.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidateDefault.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a86519c7560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidateDefault.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumWriter;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class TestSchemaValidateDefault {
+
+  @Test
+  public void valueReadWithCorrectDefaultValue() throws IOException {
+
+    ExampleRecord writtenValue = new ExampleRecord(new ComplexValue(42L), new ComplexValue(666L));
+    byte[] bytes = getSerializer(ExampleRecord.SCHEMA_WITH_ONE_FIELD).apply(writtenValue);
+
+    ReflectDatumReader<ExampleRecord> reader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(ExampleRecord.SCHEMA_WITH_ONE_FIELD,
+        ExampleRecord.SCHEMA_WITH_TWO_FIELDS, ReflectData.get());
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(ExampleRecord.SCHEMA_WITH_ONE_FIELD,
+        new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+    ExampleRecord deserializedValue = reader.read(null, decoder);
+
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(deserializedValue.getValue2(), "Null get value2");
+    Assertions.assertEquals(15L, deserializedValue.getValue2().getValue());
+  }
+
+  public static Function<Object, byte[]> getSerializer(Schema writerSchema) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(writerSchema, "writerSchema must not be null");
+
+    ReflectDatumWriter<Object> writer = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(writerSchema, new ReflectData());
+    return object -> {
+      try {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(writerSchema, stream);
+        writer.write(object, encoder);
+        encoder.flush();
+        return stream.toByteArray();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Avro failed to encode %s to schema %s", object, writerSchema),
+            e);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  public static <T> Function<byte[], T> getDeserializer(Class<T> readClass, Schema readerSchema, Schema writerSchema) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(readClass, "readClass must not be null");
+    Objects.requireNonNull(readerSchema, "readerSchema must not be null");
+    Objects.requireNonNull(writerSchema, "writerSchema must not be null");
+
+    ReflectDatumReader<T> reader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(writerSchema, readerSchema, new ReflectData());
+    return (byte[] bytes) -> {
+      try {
+        Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(writerSchema, new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+        T readValue = reader.read(null, decoder);
+        return readValue;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Avro failed to decode %s to %s", new String(bytes), readClass),
+            e);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  static final Schema SCHEMA = SchemaBuilder.record("org.apache.avro.TestSchemaValidateDefault.ComplexValue").fields()
+      .optionalLong("value").endRecord();
+
+  public static class ComplexValue {
+
+    private Long value;
+
+    public ComplexValue() {
+    }
+
+    public ComplexValue(Long value) {
+      this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    public Long getValue() {
+      return this.value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "{" + "\"value\": { \"long\": " + this.value + "}}";
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class ExampleRecord {
+    public static final Schema SCHEMA_WITH_ONE_FIELD;
+    public static final Schema SCHEMA_WITH_TWO_FIELDS;
+
+    static {
+      SCHEMA_WITH_ONE_FIELD = SchemaBuilder.record("org.apache.avro.TestSchemaValidateDefault.ExampleRecord").fields()
+          .name("value1").type(TestSchemaValidateDefault.SCHEMA).noDefault().endRecord();
+
+      GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(TestSchemaValidateDefault.SCHEMA);
+      record.put("value", 15L);
+
+      SCHEMA_WITH_TWO_FIELDS = SchemaBuilder.record("org.apache.avro.TestSchemaValidateDefault.ExampleRecord").fields()
+          .name("value1").type(TestSchemaValidateDefault.SCHEMA).noDefault().name("value2")
+          .type(TestSchemaValidateDefault.SCHEMA).withDefault(record).endRecord();
+    }
+
+    private ComplexValue value1;
+    private ComplexValue value2;
+
+    public ExampleRecord() {
+    }
+
+    public ExampleRecord(ComplexValue value1, ComplexValue value2) {
+      this.value1 = value1;
+      this.value2 = value2;
+    }
+
+    public ComplexValue getValue1() {
+      return this.value1;
+    }
+
+    public ComplexValue getValue2() {
+      return this.value2;
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidation.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidation.java
index 61c354ef143..b5b39d51648 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidation.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaValidation.java
@@ -18,22 +18,18 @@
 package org.apache.avro;
 
 import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSchemaValidation {
 
-  @Rule
-  public ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
-
   /** Collection of reader/writer schema pair that are compatible. */
   public static final List<ReaderWriter> COMPATIBLE_READER_WRITER_TEST_CASES = list(
       new ReaderWriter(BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA),
@@ -136,7 +132,8 @@ public class TestSchemaValidation {
       new ReaderWriter(INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, LONG_ARRAY_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(INT_MAP_SCHEMA, INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA),
       new ReaderWriter(INT_ARRAY_SCHEMA, INT_MAP_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(INT_MAP_SCHEMA, LONG_MAP_SCHEMA),
 
-      new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA),
+      // new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA),
+      // new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA, ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA),
 
       new ReaderWriter(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(INT_SCHEMA, ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA),
       new ReaderWriter(ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA),
@@ -147,10 +144,10 @@ public class TestSchemaValidation {
       new ReaderWriter(FLOAT_SCHEMA, INT_LONG_FLOAT_DOUBLE_UNION_SCHEMA),
       new ReaderWriter(LONG_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA), new ReaderWriter(INT_SCHEMA, INT_FLOAT_UNION_SCHEMA),
 
-      new ReaderWriter(EMPTY_RECORD2, EMPTY_RECORD1), new ReaderWriter(A_INT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1),
-      new ReaderWriter(A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1),
+      // new ReaderWriter(EMPTY_RECORD2, EMPTY_RECORD1),
+      new ReaderWriter(A_INT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1), new ReaderWriter(A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1),
 
-      new ReaderWriter(INT_LIST_RECORD, LONG_LIST_RECORD),
+      // new ReaderWriter(INT_LIST_RECORD, LONG_LIST_RECORD),
 
       new ReaderWriter(NULL_SCHEMA, INT_SCHEMA));
 
@@ -169,7 +166,7 @@ public class TestSchemaValidation {
       .name("b").type().longType().noDefault().name("c").type().intType().intDefault(0).endRecord();
 
   @Test
-  public void testAllTypes() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void allTypes() throws SchemaValidationException {
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("r").fields().requiredBoolean("boolF").requiredInt("intF").requiredLong("longF")
         .requiredFloat("floatF").requiredDouble("doubleF").requiredString("stringF").requiredBytes("bytesF")
         .name("fixedF1").type().fixed("F1").size(1).noDefault().name("enumF").type().enumeration("E1").symbols("S")
@@ -180,46 +177,48 @@ public void testAllTypes() throws SchemaValidationException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadOnePrior() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void readOnePrior() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec3, rec);
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec5, rec3);
     testValidatorFails(builder.canReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec4, rec);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadAllPrior() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void readAllPrior() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec3, rec, rec2);
     testValidatorFails(builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec4, rec, rec2, rec3);
     testValidatorFails(builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec5, rec, rec2, rec3);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOnePriorCanRead() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void onePriorCanRead() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec, rec3);
     testValidatorFails(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec, rec4);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAllPriorCanRead() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void allPriorCanRead() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec, rec3, rec2);
     testValidatorFails(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec, rec4, rec3, rec2);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOnePriorCompatible() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void onePriorCompatible() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.mutualReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec, rec3);
     testValidatorFails(builder.mutualReadStrategy().validateLatest(), rec, rec4);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAllPriorCompatible() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void allPriorCompatible() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.mutualReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec, rec3, rec2);
     testValidatorFails(builder.mutualReadStrategy().validateAll(), rec, rec4, rec3, rec2);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testInvalidBuild() {
-    builder.strategy(null).validateAll();
+  @Test
+  void invalidBuild() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      builder.strategy(null).validateAll();
+    });
   }
 
   public static class Point {
@@ -241,33 +240,33 @@ public static class Circle {
       .endRecord();
 
   @Test
-  public void testReflectMatchStructure() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void reflectMatchStructure() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateAll(), circleSchemaDifferentNames,
         ReflectData.get().getSchema(Circle.class));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReflectWithAllowNullMatchStructure() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void reflectWithAllowNullMatchStructure() throws SchemaValidationException {
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canBeReadStrategy().validateAll(), circleSchemaDifferentNames,
         ReflectData.AllowNull.get().getSchema(Circle.class));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithIncompatibleElements() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void unionWithIncompatibleElements() throws SchemaValidationException {
     Schema union1 = Schema.createUnion(Collections.singletonList(rec));
     Schema union2 = Schema.createUnion(Collections.singletonList(rec4));
     testValidatorFails(builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll(), union2, union1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithCompatibleElements() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void unionWithCompatibleElements() throws SchemaValidationException {
     Schema union1 = Schema.createUnion(Collections.singletonList(rec));
     Schema union2 = Schema.createUnion(Collections.singletonList(rec3));
     testValidatorPasses(builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll(), union2, union1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaCompatibilitySuccesses() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void schemaCompatibilitySuccesses() throws SchemaValidationException {
     // float-union-to-int/long-union does not work...
     // and neither does recursive types
     for (ReaderWriter tc : COMPATIBLE_READER_WRITER_TEST_CASES) {
@@ -276,14 +275,19 @@ public void testSchemaCompatibilitySuccesses() throws SchemaValidationException
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaCompatibilityFailures() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void schemaCompatibilityFailures() {
     for (ReaderWriter tc : INCOMPATIBLE_READER_WRITER_TEST_CASES) {
       Schema reader = tc.getReader();
       Schema writer = tc.getWriter();
-      expectedException.expect(SchemaValidationException.class);
-      expectedException.expectMessage("Unable to read schema: \n" + writer.toString());
+
+      String expectedMsg = "Unable to read schema: \n" + writer.toString(false);
       SchemaValidator validator = builder.canReadStrategy().validateAll();
-      validator.validate(reader, Collections.singleton(writer));
+      SchemaValidationException exception = assertThrows(SchemaValidationException.class,
+          () -> validator.validate(reader, Collections.singleton(writer)),
+          "No or wrong exception for (" + reader.toString(false) + "; " + writer.toString(false) + ")");
+      assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("Unable to read schema:"),
+          "'" + expectedMsg + "' != '" + exception.getMessage() + "'");
+
     }
   }
 
@@ -309,7 +313,7 @@ private void testValidatorFails(SchemaValidator validator, Schema schemaFails, S
     } catch (SchemaValidationException sve) {
       threw = true;
     }
-    Assert.assertTrue(threw);
+    assertTrue(threw);
   }
 
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema recursiveSchema = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse(
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@ private void testValidatorFails(SchemaValidator validator, Schema schemaFails, S
    * Unit test to verify that recursive schemas can be validated. See AVRO-2122.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testRecursiveSchemaValidation() throws SchemaValidationException {
+  void recursiveSchemaValidation() throws SchemaValidationException {
     // before AVRO-2122, this would cause a StackOverflowError
     final SchemaValidator backwardValidator = builder.canReadStrategy().validateLatest();
     backwardValidator.validate(recursiveSchema, Collections.singletonList(recursiveSchema));
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaWarnings.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaWarnings.java
index e14ec626b73..784d2982f1f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaWarnings.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemaWarnings.java
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ public class TestSchemaWarnings {
    */
   private final ByteArrayOutputStream capturedErr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setupStdErr() {
     capturedErr.reset();
     System.setErr(new PrintStream(capturedErr));
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void restoreStdErr() {
     System.setErr(originalErr);
   }
@@ -59,7 +60,9 @@ public String getCapturedStdErr() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWarnWhenTheLogicalTypeIsOnTheField() {
+  // FIXME: Find a different way of capturing the output
+  @DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "WithinInvokerPlugin", matches = "true", disabledReason = "Redirecting stderr does not work within the invoker plugin")
+  void warnWhenTheLogicalTypeIsOnTheField() {
     // A record with a single int field.
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("A").fields().requiredInt("a1").endRecord();
 
@@ -93,7 +96,9 @@ public void testWarnWhenTheLogicalTypeIsOnTheField() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWarnWhenTheLogicalTypeIsIgnored() {
+  // FIXME: Find a different way of capturing the output
+  @DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "WithinInvokerPlugin", matches = "true", disabledReason = "Redirecting stderr does not work within the invoker plugin")
+  void warnWhenTheLogicalTypeIsIgnored() {
     // A record with a single int field.
     Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("A").fields().requiredLong("a1").endRecord();
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemas.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemas.java
index 30cabadb563..a37de9bfb0d 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemas.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchemas.java
@@ -17,14 +17,17 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 
-/** Schemas used by other tests in this package. Therefore package protected. */
+/**
+ * Schemas used by other tests in this package. Therefore mostly package
+ * protected.
+ */
 public class TestSchemas {
 
   static final Schema NULL_SCHEMA = Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL);
@@ -45,6 +48,11 @@ public class TestSchemas {
   static final Schema STRING_MAP_SCHEMA = Schema.createMap(STRING_SCHEMA);
 
   static final Schema ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, null, list("A", "B"));
+  static final Schema ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_DEFAULT = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, null, list("A", "B"), "A");
+  public static final Schema ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1 = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, "namespace1",
+      list("A", "B"));
+  public static final Schema ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_2 = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, "namespace2",
+      list("A", "B"));
   static final Schema ENUM1_ABC_SCHEMA = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, null, list("A", "B", "C"));
   static final Schema ENUM1_BC_SCHEMA = Schema.createEnum("Enum1", null, null, list("B", "C"));
   static final Schema ENUM2_AB_SCHEMA = Schema.createEnum("Enum2", null, null, list("A", "B"));
@@ -108,6 +116,9 @@ public class TestSchemas {
   static final Schema NS_INNER_RECORD1 = Schema.createRecord("InnerRecord1", null, "ns1", false);
   static final Schema NS_INNER_RECORD2 = Schema.createRecord("InnerRecord1", null, "ns2", false);
 
+  static final Schema WITHOUT_NS = Schema.createRecord("Record", null, null, false);
+  static final Schema WITH_NS = Schema.createRecord("ns.Record", null, null, false);
+
   static {
     EMPTY_RECORD1.setFields(Collections.emptyList());
     EMPTY_RECORD2.setFields(Collections.emptyList());
@@ -137,6 +148,9 @@ public class TestSchemas {
         .setFields(list(new Schema.Field("f1", Schema.createUnion(NULL_SCHEMA, Schema.createArray(NS_INNER_RECORD1)))));
     NS_RECORD2
         .setFields(list(new Schema.Field("f1", Schema.createUnion(NULL_SCHEMA, Schema.createArray(NS_INNER_RECORD2)))));
+
+    WITH_NS.setFields(list(new Field("f1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null)));
+    WITHOUT_NS.setFields(list(new Field("f1", INT_SCHEMA, null, null)));
   }
 
   // Recursive records
@@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ static <E> ArrayList<E> list(E... elements) {
   static void assertSchemaContains(Schema schemaSubset, Schema original) {
     String subset = schemaSubset.toString(false);
     String whole = original.toString(false);
-    assertTrue(String.format("Subset '%s' not found in '%s'", subset, whole), whole.contains(subset));
+    assertTrue(whole.contains(subset), String.format("Subset '%s' not found in '%s'", subset, whole));
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSystemLimitException.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSystemLimitException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0da39179506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSystemLimitException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class TestSystemLimitException {
+
+  /** Delegated here for package visibility. */
+  public static final int MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT = SystemLimitException.MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT;
+
+  public static final String ERROR_NEGATIVE = "Malformed data. Length is negative: -1";
+  public static final String ERROR_VM_LIMIT_BYTES = "Cannot read arrays longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT
+      + " bytes in Java library";
+  public static final String ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION = "Cannot read collections larger than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT
+      + " items in Java library";
+  public static final String ERROR_VM_LIMIT_STRING = "Cannot read strings longer than " + MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + " bytes";
+
+  /** Delegated here for package visibility. */
+  public static void resetLimits() {
+    SystemLimitException.resetLimits();
+  }
+
+  @AfterEach
+  void reset() {
+    System.clearProperty(MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+    System.clearProperty(MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+    System.clearProperty(MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+    resetLimits();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A helper method that tests the consistent limit handling from system
+   * properties.
+   *
+   * @param f                The function to be tested.
+   * @param sysProperty      The system property used to control the custom limit.
+   * @param errorVmLimit     The error message used when the property would be
+   *                         over the VM limit.
+   * @param errorCustomLimit The error message used when the property would be
+   *                         over the custom limit of 1000.
+   */
+  void helpCheckSystemLimits(Function<Long, Integer> f, String sysProperty, String errorVmLimit,
+      String errorCustomLimit) {
+    // Correct values pass through
+    assertEquals(0, f.apply(0L));
+    assertEquals(1024, f.apply(1024L));
+    assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, f.apply((long) MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT));
+
+    // Values that exceed the default system limits throw exceptions
+    Exception ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> f.apply(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertEquals(errorVmLimit, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> f.apply((long) MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1));
+    assertEquals(errorVmLimit, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> f.apply(-1L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Setting the system property to provide a custom limit.
+    System.setProperty(sysProperty, Long.toString(1000L));
+    resetLimits();
+
+    // Correct values pass through
+    assertEquals(0, f.apply(0L));
+    assertEquals(102, f.apply(102L));
+
+    // Values that exceed the custom system limits throw exceptions
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> f.apply((long) MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1));
+    assertEquals(errorVmLimit, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, () -> f.apply(1024L));
+    assertEquals(errorCustomLimit, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> f.apply(-1L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCheckMaxBytesLength() {
+    helpCheckSystemLimits(SystemLimitException::checkMaxBytesLength, MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY, ERROR_VM_LIMIT_BYTES,
+        "Bytes length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCheckMaxCollectionLengthFromZero() {
+    helpCheckSystemLimits(l -> checkMaxCollectionLength(0L, l), MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY,
+        ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, "Collection length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCheckMaxStringLength() {
+    helpCheckSystemLimits(SystemLimitException::checkMaxStringLength, MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY, ERROR_VM_LIMIT_STRING,
+        "String length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCheckMaxCollectionLengthFromNonZero() {
+    // Correct values pass through
+    assertEquals(10, checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, 0L));
+    assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 10L));
+    assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, checkMaxCollectionLength(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 10L, 10L));
+
+    // Values that exceed the default system limits throw exceptions
+    Exception ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 9L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(SystemLimitException.MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 9L, 10L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, Long.MAX_VALUE - 10L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(Long.MAX_VALUE - 10L, 10L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Overflow that adds to negative
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, Long.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(Long.MAX_VALUE, 10L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    ex = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, -1L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(-1L, 10L));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Setting the system property to provide a custom limit.
+    System.setProperty(MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(1000L));
+    resetLimits();
+
+    // Correct values pass through
+    assertEquals(10, checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, 0L));
+    assertEquals(102, checkMaxCollectionLength(10L, 92L));
+    assertEquals(102, checkMaxCollectionLength(92L, 10L));
+
+    // Values that exceed the custom system limits throw exceptions
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, 1));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(1, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT));
+    assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    ex = assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(999, 25));
+    assertEquals("Collection length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+    ex = assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, () -> checkMaxCollectionLength(25, 999));
+    assertEquals("Collection length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionError.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionError.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f5e48fb962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionError.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+public class TestUnionError {
+
+  @Test
+  void unionErrorMessage() throws IOException {
+    String writerSchemaJson = "            {\n" + "              \"type\" : \"record\",\n"
+        + "              \"name\" : \"C\",\n" + "              \"fields\" : [ {\n"
+        + "                \"name\" : \"c\",\n" + "                \"type\" : [ {\n"
+        + "                  \"type\" : \"record\",\n" + "                  \"name\" : \"A\",\n"
+        + "                  \"fields\" : [ {\n" + "                    \"name\" : \"amount\",\n"
+        + "                    \"type\" : \"int\"\n" + "                  } ]\n" + "                }, {\n"
+        + "                  \"type\" : \"record\",\n" + "                  \"name\" : \"B\",\n"
+        + "                  \"fields\" : [ {\n" + "                    \"name\" : \"amount1\",\n"
+        + "                    \"type\" : \"int\"\n" + "                  } ]\n" + "                } ]\n"
+        + "              } ]\n" + "            }";
+    Schema writerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(writerSchemaJson);
+
+    String readerSchemaJson = " {\n" + "              \"type\" : \"record\",\n" + "              \"name\" : \"C1\",\n"
+        + "              \"fields\" : [ {\n" + "                \"name\" : \"c\",\n"
+        + "                \"type\" : [ {\n" + "                  \"type\" : \"record\",\n"
+        + "                  \"name\" : \"A\",\n" + "                  \"fields\" : [ {\n"
+        + "                    \"name\" : \"amount\",\n" + "                    \"type\" : \"int\"\n"
+        + "                  } ]\n" + "                }, \"float\" ]\n" + "              } ]\n" + "            }";
+    Schema readerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(readerSchemaJson);
+
+    List<Schema> unionSchemas = writerSchema.getField("c").schema().getTypes();
+
+    GenericRecord r = new GenericData.Record(writerSchema);
+    GenericRecord b = new GenericData.Record(unionSchemas.get(1));
+    b.put("amount1", 12);
+    r.put("c", b);
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outs = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<>(writerSchema);
+    BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(outs, null);
+    datumWriter.write(r, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+
+    InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(outs.toByteArray());
+    BinaryDecoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(ins, null);
+
+    GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new GenericDatumReader<>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
+    AvroTypeException avroException = assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> datumReader.read(null, decoder));
+    assertEquals("Found B, expecting union[A, float]", avroException.getMessage());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionSelfReference.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionSelfReference.java
index b9bb4dd6c65..90e19f63e58 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionSelfReference.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUnionSelfReference.java
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 public class TestUnionSelfReference {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class TestUnionSelfReference {
       + "        \"default\": null" + "      }" + "    ]" + "  }";
 
   @Test
-  public void testSelfReferenceInUnion() {
+  void selfReferenceInUnion() {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SIMPLE_BINARY_TREE);
     Field leftField = schema.getField("left");
     assertEquals(JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE, leftField.defaultVal());
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public void testSelfReferenceInUnion() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSelfReferenceInThreeUnion() {
+  void selfReferenceInThreeUnion() {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(THREE_TYPE_UNION);
     Field leftField = schema.getField("left");
     assertEquals(JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE, leftField.defaultVal());
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUuidConversions.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUuidConversions.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..640bf1a2bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestUuidConversions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericFixed;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public class TestUuidConversions {
+
+  private Conversions.UUIDConversion uuidConversion = new Conversions.UUIDConversion();
+
+  private Schema fixed = Schema.createFixed("fixed", "doc", "", Long.BYTES * 2);
+  private Schema fixedUuid = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(fixed);
+
+  private Schema string = Schema.createFixed("fixed", "doc", "", Long.BYTES * 2);
+  private Schema stringUuid = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(string);
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("uuidData")
+  void uuidFixed(UUID uuid) {
+    GenericFixed value = uuidConversion.toFixed(uuid, fixedUuid, LogicalTypes.uuid());
+
+    byte[] b = new byte[Long.BYTES];
+    System.arraycopy(value.bytes(), 0, b, 0, b.length);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(uuid.getMostSignificantBits(), new BigInteger(b).longValue());
+    System.arraycopy(value.bytes(), Long.BYTES, b, 0, b.length);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(uuid.getLeastSignificantBits(), new BigInteger(b).longValue());
+
+    UUID uuid1 = uuidConversion.fromFixed(value, fixedUuid, LogicalTypes.uuid());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(uuid, uuid1);
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("uuidData")
+  void uuidCharSequence(UUID uuid) {
+    CharSequence value = uuidConversion.toCharSequence(uuid, stringUuid, LogicalTypes.uuid());
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(uuid.toString(), value.toString());
+
+    UUID uuid1 = uuidConversion.fromCharSequence(value, stringUuid, LogicalTypes.uuid());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(uuid, uuid1);
+  }
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> uuidData() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(new UUID(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE)), Arguments.of(new UUID(-1, 0)),
+        Arguments.of(UUID.randomUUID()), Arguments.of(UUID.randomUUID()));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/RecordBuilderBaseTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/RecordBuilderBaseTest.java
index 5f3012f869c..c2d161de50c 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/RecordBuilderBaseTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/RecordBuilderBaseTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.data;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -24,9 +27,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for RecordBuilderBase.
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ public class RecordBuilderBaseTest {
   private static Set<Type> primitives;
   private static Set<Type> nonNullPrimitives;
 
-  @BeforeClass()
+  @BeforeAll()
   public static void setUpBeforeClass() {
     primitives = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(Type.values()));
     primitives.removeAll(Arrays.asList(Type.RECORD, Type.ENUM, Type.ARRAY, Type.MAP, Type.UNION, Type.FIXED));
@@ -45,39 +47,39 @@ public static void setUpBeforeClass() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsValidValueWithPrimitives() {
+  void isValidValueWithPrimitives() {
     // Verify that a non-null value is valid for all primitives:
     for (Type type : primitives) {
       Field f = new Field("f", Schema.create(type), null, null);
-      Assert.assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(f, new Object()));
+      assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(f, new Object()));
     }
 
     // Verify that null is not valid for all non-null primitives:
     for (Type type : nonNullPrimitives) {
       Field f = new Field("f", Schema.create(type), null, null);
-      Assert.assertFalse(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(f, null));
+      assertFalse(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(f, null));
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsValidValueWithNullField() {
+  void isValidValueWithNullField() {
     // Verify that null is a valid value for null fields:
-    Assert.assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", Schema.create(Type.NULL), null, null), null));
+    assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", Schema.create(Type.NULL), null, null), null));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsValidValueWithUnion() {
+  void isValidValueWithUnion() {
     // Verify that null values are not valid for a union with no null type:
     Schema unionWithoutNull = Schema
         .createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Type.STRING), Schema.create(Type.BOOLEAN)));
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithoutNull, null, null), new Object()));
-    Assert.assertFalse(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithoutNull, null, null), null));
+    assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithoutNull, null, null), new Object()));
+    assertFalse(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithoutNull, null, null), null));
 
     // Verify that null values are valid for a union with a null type:
     Schema unionWithNull = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Type.STRING), Schema.create(Type.NULL)));
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithNull, null, null), new Object()));
-    Assert.assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithNull, null, null), null));
+    assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithNull, null, null), new Object()));
+    assertTrue(RecordBuilderBase.isValidValue(new Field("f", unionWithNull, null, null), null));
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/TestTimeConversions.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/TestTimeConversions.java
index 0cf4454d580..089915803a0 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/TestTimeConversions.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/data/TestTimeConversions.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.data;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalTime;
@@ -32,9 +34,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion;
 import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestTimeConversions {
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ public class TestTimeConversions {
   public static Schema TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA;
   public static Schema TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA;
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void createSchemas() {
     TestTimeConversions.DATE_SCHEMA = LogicalTypes.date().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     TestTimeConversions.TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA = LogicalTypes.timeMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
@@ -56,78 +57,74 @@ public static void createSchemas() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDateConversion() throws Exception {
+  void dateConversion() throws Exception {
     DateConversion conversion = new DateConversion();
     LocalDate Jan_6_1970 = LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 6); // 5
     LocalDate Jan_1_1970 = LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 1); // 0
     LocalDate Dec_27_1969 = LocalDate.of(1969, 12, 27); // -5
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("6 Jan 1970 should be 5", 5,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(Jan_6_1970, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("1 Jan 1970 should be 0", 0,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(Jan_1_1970, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("27 Dec 1969 should be -5", -5,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(Dec_27_1969, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()));
-
-    Assert.assertEquals("6 Jan 1970 should be 5", conversion.fromInt(5, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), Jan_6_1970);
-    Assert.assertEquals("1 Jan 1970 should be 0", conversion.fromInt(0, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), Jan_1_1970);
-    Assert.assertEquals("27 Dec 1969 should be -5", conversion.fromInt(-5, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()),
-        Dec_27_1969);
+    assertEquals(5, (int) conversion.toInt(Jan_6_1970, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), "6 Jan 1970 should be 5");
+    assertEquals(0, (int) conversion.toInt(Jan_1_1970, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), "1 Jan 1970 should be 0");
+    assertEquals(-5, (int) conversion.toInt(Dec_27_1969, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), "27 Dec 1969 should be -5");
+
+    assertEquals(conversion.fromInt(5, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), Jan_6_1970, "6 Jan 1970 should be 5");
+    assertEquals(conversion.fromInt(0, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), Jan_1_1970, "1 Jan 1970 should be 0");
+    assertEquals(conversion.fromInt(-5, DATE_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.date()), Dec_27_1969, "27 Dec 1969 should be -5");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimeMillisConversion() {
+  void timeMillisConversion() {
     TimeMillisConversion conversion = new TimeMillisConversion();
     LocalTime oneAM = LocalTime.of(1, 0);
     LocalTime afternoon = LocalTime.of(15, 14, 15, 926_000_000);
     int afternoonMillis = ((15 * 60 + 14) * 60 + 15) * 1000 + 926;
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Midnight should be 0", 0,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("01:00 should be 3,600,000", 3_600_000,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(oneAM, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("15:14:15.926 should be " + afternoonMillis, afternoonMillis,
-        (int) conversion.toInt(afternoon, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
-
-    Assert.assertEquals("Midnight should be 0", LocalTime.MIDNIGHT,
-        conversion.fromInt(0, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("01:00 should be 3,600,000", oneAM,
-        conversion.fromInt(3600000, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("15:14:15.926 should be " + afternoonMillis, afternoon,
-        conversion.fromInt(afternoonMillis, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()));
+    assertEquals(0, (int) conversion.toInt(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "Midnight should be 0");
+    assertEquals(3_600_000, (int) conversion.toInt(oneAM, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "01:00 should be 3,600,000");
+    assertEquals(afternoonMillis, (int) conversion.toInt(afternoon, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "15:14:15.926 should be " + afternoonMillis);
+
+    assertEquals(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, conversion.fromInt(0, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "Midnight should be 0");
+    assertEquals(oneAM, conversion.fromInt(3600000, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "01:00 should be 3,600,000");
+    assertEquals(afternoon, conversion.fromInt(afternoonMillis, TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMillis()),
+        "15:14:15.926 should be " + afternoonMillis);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimeMicrosConversion() throws Exception {
+  void timeMicrosConversion() throws Exception {
     TimeMicrosConversion conversion = new TimeMicrosConversion();
     LocalTime oneAM = LocalTime.of(1, 0);
     LocalTime afternoon = LocalTime.of(15, 14, 15, 926_551_000);
     long afternoonMicros = ((long) (15 * 60 + 14) * 60 + 15) * 1_000_000 + 926_551;
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Midnight should be 0", LocalTime.MIDNIGHT,
-        conversion.fromLong(0L, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("01:00 should be 3,600,000,000", oneAM,
-        conversion.fromLong(3_600_000_000L, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("15:14:15.926551 should be " + afternoonMicros, afternoon,
-        conversion.fromLong(afternoonMicros, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
-
-    Assert.assertEquals("Midnight should be 0", 0,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("01:00 should be 3,600,000,000", 3_600_000_000L,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(oneAM, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("15:14:15.926551 should be " + afternoonMicros, afternoonMicros,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(afternoon, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()));
+    assertEquals(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, conversion.fromLong(0L, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "Midnight should be 0");
+    assertEquals(oneAM, conversion.fromLong(3_600_000_000L, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "01:00 should be 3,600,000,000");
+    assertEquals(afternoon, conversion.fromLong(afternoonMicros, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "15:14:15.926551 should be " + afternoonMicros);
+
+    assertEquals(0, (long) conversion.toLong(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "Midnight should be 0");
+    assertEquals(3_600_000_000L, (long) conversion.toLong(oneAM, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "01:00 should be 3,600,000,000");
+    assertEquals(afternoonMicros, (long) conversion.toLong(afternoon, TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timeMicros()),
+        "15:14:15.926551 should be " + afternoonMicros);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
+  void timestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
     TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
     long nowInstant = Instant.now().toEpochMilli(); // ms precision
 
     // round trip
     Instant now = conversion.fromLong(nowInstant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
     long roundTrip = conversion.toLong(now, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Round-trip conversion should work", nowInstant, roundTrip);
+    assertEquals(nowInstant, roundTrip, "Round-trip conversion should work");
 
     long May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_instant = 1432849613221L;
     Instant May_28_2015_21_46_53_221 = ZonedDateTime.of(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221_000_000, ZoneOffset.UTC)
@@ -135,30 +132,33 @@ public void testTimestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
 
     // known dates from https://www.epochconverter.com/
     // > Epoch
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known date should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221,
-        conversion.fromLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known date should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_instant,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221,
+        conversion.fromLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known date should be correct");
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known date should be correct");
 
     // Epoch
-    Assert.assertEquals("1970-01-01 should be 0", Instant.EPOCH,
-        conversion.fromLong(0L, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("1970-01-01 should be 0", 0L,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.EPOCH, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant(),
-            TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(Instant.EPOCH, conversion.fromLong(0L, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "1970-01-01 should be 0");
+    assertEquals(0L, (long) conversion.toLong(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.EPOCH, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant(),
+        TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()), "1970-01-01 should be 0");
 
     // < Epoch
     long Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123_instant = -15854400000L + 123;
     Instant Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123 = ZonedDateTime.of(1969, 7, 1, 12, 0, 0, 123_000_000, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Pre 1970 date should be correct", Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123,
-        conversion.fromLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123_instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Pre 1970 date should be correct", Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123_instant,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123,
+        conversion.fromLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123_instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Pre 1970 date should be correct");
+    assertEquals(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123_instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_123, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Pre 1970 date should be correct");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimestampMicrosConversion() throws Exception {
+  void timestampMicrosConversion() throws Exception {
     TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
 
     // known dates from https://www.epochconverter.com/
@@ -167,57 +167,58 @@ public void testTimestampMicrosConversion() throws Exception {
     Instant May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843 = ZonedDateTime.of(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221_843_000, ZoneOffset.UTC)
         .toInstant();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known date should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843, conversion
-        .fromLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()));
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843, conversion.fromLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_instant,
+        TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()), "Known date should be correct");
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known date should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_instant, (long) conversion
-        .toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known date should be correct");
 
     // Epoch
-    Assert.assertEquals("1970-01-01 should be 0", Instant.EPOCH,
-        conversion.fromLong(0L, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("1970-01-01 should be 0", 0L,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.EPOCH, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant(),
-            TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(Instant.EPOCH, conversion.fromLong(0L, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "1970-01-01 should be 0");
+    assertEquals(0L, (long) conversion.toLong(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.EPOCH, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant(),
+        TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()), "1970-01-01 should be 0");
 
     // < Epoch
     long Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123_instant = -15854400000L * 1000 + 123;
     Instant Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123 = ZonedDateTime.of(1969, 7, 1, 12, 0, 0, 123_000, ZoneOffset.UTC).toInstant();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Pre 1970 date should be correct", Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123, conversion
-        .fromLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123_instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Pre 1970 date should be correct", Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123_instant, (long) conversion
-        .toLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123, conversion.fromLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123_instant,
+        TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()), "Pre 1970 date should be correct");
+    assertEquals(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123_instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(Jul_01_1969_12_00_00_000_123, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Pre 1970 date should be correct");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithDateConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithDateConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("java.time.LocalDate", new TimeConversions.DateConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType date", DATE_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(DATE_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType date");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("java.time.LocalTime", new TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timeMillis", TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIME_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timeMillis");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("java.time.LocalTime", new TimeConversions.TimeMicrosConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timeMicros", TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIME_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timeMicros");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithDateTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithDateTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("java.time.Instant", new TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMillis", TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMillis");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithDateTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithDateTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("java.time.Instant", new TimeConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMicros", TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMicros");
   }
 
   private Schema getReflectedSchemaByName(String className, Conversion<?> conversion) throws ClassNotFoundException {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestAllCodecs.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestAllCodecs.java
index 491a7e3f713..ef928db6f47 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestAllCodecs.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestAllCodecs.java
@@ -18,43 +18,27 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestAllCodecs {
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "{index}: codec={0}")
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { "bzip2", BZip2Codec.class }, { "zstandard", ZstandardCodec.class },
-        { "null", NullCodec.class }, { "xz", XZCodec.class }, { "snappy", SnappyCodec.class },
-        { "deflate", DeflateCodec.class }, });
-  }
-
-  @Parameterized.Parameter(0)
-  public String codec;
-
-  @Parameterized.Parameter(1)
-  public Class<? extends Codec> codecClass;
-
-  @Test
-  public void testCodec() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecTypes")
+  void codec(String codec, Class<? extends Codec> codecClass) throws IOException {
     int inputSize = 500_000;
 
     byte[] input = generateTestData(inputSize);
 
     Codec codecInstance = CodecFactory.fromString(codec).createInstance();
-    assertTrue(codecClass.isInstance(codecInstance));
-    assertTrue(codecInstance.getName().equals(codec));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(codecClass.isInstance(codecInstance));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(codecInstance.getName().equals(codec));
 
     ByteBuffer inputByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(input);
     ByteBuffer compressedBuffer = codecInstance.compress(inputByteBuffer);
@@ -62,28 +46,30 @@ public void testCodec() throws IOException {
     int compressedSize = compressedBuffer.remaining();
 
     // Make sure something returned
-    assertTrue(compressedSize > 0);
+    Assertions.assertTrue(compressedSize > 0);
 
     // While the compressed size could in many real cases
     // *increase* compared to the input size, our input data
     // is extremely easy to compress and all Avro's compression algorithms
     // should have a compression ratio greater than 1 (except 'null').
-    assertTrue(compressedSize < inputSize || codec.equals("null"));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(compressedSize < inputSize || codec.equals("null"));
 
     // Decompress the data
     ByteBuffer decompressedBuffer = codecInstance.decompress(compressedBuffer);
 
     // Validate the the input and output are equal.
     inputByteBuffer.rewind();
-    Assert.assertEquals(decompressedBuffer, inputByteBuffer);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(inputByteBuffer, decompressedBuffer);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testCodecSlice() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecTypes")
+  void codecSlice(String codec, Class<? extends Codec> codecClass) throws IOException {
     int inputSize = 500_000;
     byte[] input = generateTestData(inputSize);
 
     Codec codecInstance = CodecFactory.fromString(codec).createInstance();
+    Assertions.assertTrue(codecClass.isInstance(codecInstance));
 
     ByteBuffer partialBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(input);
     partialBuffer.position(17);
@@ -94,7 +80,7 @@ public void testCodecSlice() throws IOException {
     int compressedSize = compressedBuffer.remaining();
 
     // Make sure something returned
-    assertTrue(compressedSize > 0);
+    Assertions.assertTrue(compressedSize > 0);
 
     // Create a slice from the compressed buffer
     ByteBuffer sliceBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(compressedSize + 100);
@@ -108,7 +94,13 @@ public void testCodecSlice() throws IOException {
 
     // Validate the the input and output are equal.
     inputByteBuffer.rewind();
-    Assert.assertEquals(decompressedBuffer, inputByteBuffer);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(inputByteBuffer, decompressedBuffer);
+  }
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> codecTypes() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of("bzip2", BZip2Codec.class), Arguments.of("zstandard", ZstandardCodec.class),
+        Arguments.of("null", NullCodec.class), Arguments.of("xz", XZCodec.class),
+        Arguments.of("snappy", SnappyCodec.class), Arguments.of("deflate", DeflateCodec.class));
   }
 
   // Generate some test data that will compress easily
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestCustomCodec.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestCustomCodec.java
index a7b0ef02e8f..930b0d34a90 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestCustomCodec.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestCustomCodec.java
@@ -19,22 +19,23 @@
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import org.apache.avro.file.codec.CustomCodec;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestCustomCodec {
 
   @Test
-  public void testCustomCodec() {
+  void customCodec() {
     CustomCodec customCodec = new CustomCodec();
     Codec snappyCodec = new SnappyCodec.Option().createInstance();
-    assertTrue(customCodec.equals(new CustomCodec()));
-    assertFalse(customCodec.equals(snappyCodec));
+    assertEquals(customCodec, new CustomCodec());
+    assertNotEquals(customCodec, snappyCodec);
 
     String testString = "Testing 123";
     ByteBuffer original = ByteBuffer.allocate(testString.getBytes(UTF_8).length);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestIOExceptionDuringWrite.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestIOExceptionDuringWrite.java
index eba142a5cf9..089497d7bfe 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestIOExceptionDuringWrite.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestIOExceptionDuringWrite.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /*
  * Tests if we not write any garbage to the end of the file after any exception occurred
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public void write(int b) throws IOException {
   private static final Schema SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA_JSON);
 
   @Test
-  public void testNoWritingAfterException() throws IOException {
+  void noWritingAfterException() throws IOException {
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>())) {
       writer.create(SCHEMA, new FailingOutputStream(100000));
       int recordCnt = 0;
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableByteArrayInput.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableByteArrayInput.java
index 5c8b3a8ddb5..2e6b46e5d1f 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableByteArrayInput.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableByteArrayInput.java
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
@@ -30,8 +26,19 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 public class TestSeekableByteArrayInput {
 
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ private Schema getTestSchema() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+  void serialization() throws Exception {
     Schema testSchema = getTestSchema();
     GenericRecord message = new Record(testSchema);
     message.put("name", "testValue");
@@ -66,8 +73,35 @@ public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
         FileReader<IndexedRecord> dfr = DataFileReader.openReader(in, reader)) {
       result = dfr.next();
     }
-    Assert.assertNotNull(result);
-    Assert.assertTrue(result instanceof GenericRecord);
-    Assert.assertEquals(new Utf8("testValue"), ((GenericRecord) result).get("name"));
+    assertNotNull(result);
+    assertInstanceOf(GenericRecord.class, result);
+    assertEquals(new Utf8("testValue"), ((GenericRecord) result).get("name"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void readingData() throws IOException {
+    byte[] data = "0123456789ABCD".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    byte[] result = new byte[16];
+    try (SeekableInput in = new SeekableByteArrayInput(data)) {
+      in.read(result, 0, 8);
+      in.seek(4);
+      in.read(result, 8, 8);
+      assertEquals(12, in.tell());
+      assertEquals(data.length, in.length());
+      assertEquals("01234567456789AB", new String(result, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void illegalSeeks() throws IOException {
+    byte[] data = "0123456789ABCD".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    try (SeekableInput in = new SeekableByteArrayInput(data)) {
+      byte[] buf = new byte[2];
+      in.read(buf, 0, buf.length);
+      in.seek(-4);
+      assertEquals(2, in.tell());
+
+      assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> in.seek(64));
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableInputStream.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34dbf298215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestSeekableInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.file;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class TestSeekableInputStream {
+  @Test
+  void readingData() throws IOException {
+    byte[] data = "0123456789ABCD".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    try (DataFileReader.SeekableInputStream sin = new DataFileReader.SeekableInputStream(
+        new SeekableByteArrayInput(data))) {
+      byte[] first8 = new byte[8];
+      assertEquals(first8.length, sin.read(first8, 0, 8));
+      assertArrayEquals("01234567".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), first8);
+      sin.seek(4);
+      assertEquals(10, sin.available());
+      assertEquals(2, sin.skip(2));
+      assertEquals((byte) '6', sin.read());
+      byte[] next4 = new byte[4];
+      assertEquals(next4.length, sin.read(next4));
+      assertArrayEquals("789A".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), next4);
+      assertEquals(11, sin.tell());
+      assertEquals(data.length, sin.length());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void illegalSeek() throws IOException {
+    try (SeekableInput in = new SeekableByteArrayInput("".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        DataFileReader.SeekableInputStream sin = new DataFileReader.SeekableInputStream(in)) {
+      Assert.assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> sin.seek(-5));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestZstandardCodec.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestZstandardCodec.java
index aa002608342..7242996fae0 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestZstandardCodec.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/file/TestZstandardCodec.java
@@ -17,19 +17,20 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.file;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestZstandardCodec {
 
   @Test
-  public void testZstandardToStringAndName() throws IOException {
+  void zstandardToStringAndName() throws IOException {
     Codec codec = CodecFactory.zstandardCodec(3).createInstance();
     assertTrue(codec instanceof ZstandardCodec);
-    assertTrue(codec.getName().equals("zstandard"));
-    assertTrue(codec.toString().equals("zstandard[3]"));
+    assertEquals(codec.getName(), "zstandard");
+    assertEquals(codec.toString(), "zstandard[3]");
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDataArrayTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDataArrayTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4ffebac02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericDataArrayTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.generic;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class GenericDataArrayTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void test() {
+    GenericData.Array<String> array = new GenericData.Array<>(10,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)));
+    array.add("One");
+    array.add("Two");
+    array.add("Two");
+    array.add("Three");
+    array.add(4, "Four");
+    array.remove(1);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(4, array.size());
+    Assertions.assertEquals("One", array.get(0));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Two", array.get(1));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Three", array.get(2));
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Four", array.get(3));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArraysTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArraysTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d199bf92c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/PrimitivesArraysTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.generic;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class PrimitivesArraysTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void booleanArray() {
+    PrimitivesArrays.BooleanArray ba = new PrimitivesArrays.BooleanArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN)));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, ba.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
+      if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
+        ba.add(true);
+      } else {
+        ba.add(false);
+      }
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, ba.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
+      if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertFalse(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      }
+    }
+    Assertions.assertFalse(ba.remove(12));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(98, ba.size());
+    for (int i = 13; i < 99; i++) {
+      if ((i + 1) % 3 == 0 || (i + 1) % 5 == 0) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(i - 1), "After delete, Error for " + i);
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertFalse(ba.get(i - 1), "After delete, Error for " + i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ba.add(12, false);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, ba.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
+      if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertFalse(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      }
+    }
+    Assertions.assertFalse(ba.remove(12));
+    ba.add(12, true);
+    for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
+      if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0 || i == 13) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertFalse(ba.get(i - 1), "Error for " + i);
+      }
+    }
+    ba.add(99, true);
+    Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(99), "Error for 99");
+    ba.remove(99);
+    ba.reverse();
+    for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
+      if (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0 || i == 13) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(ba.get(99 - i), "Error for " + i);
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertFalse(ba.get(99 - i), "Error for " + i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void booleanArrayIterator() {
+    PrimitivesArrays.BooleanArray ba = new PrimitivesArrays.BooleanArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN)));
+    boolean[] model = new boolean[] { true, false, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, false, false };
+    for (boolean x : model) {
+      ba.add(x);
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(model.length, ba.size());
+    int index = 0;
+    for (Boolean b : ba) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(model[index], b);
+      index++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void intArray() {
+    final PrimitivesArrays.IntArray intArray = new PrimitivesArrays.IntArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      intArray.add(i);
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, intArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i, intArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+
+    int expectedValue = 1;
+    for (Integer value : intArray) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(expectedValue, value);
+      expectedValue++;
+    }
+
+    intArray.remove(40);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, intArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 99; i++) {
+      if (i <= 40) {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i, intArray.get(i - 1));
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i + 1, intArray.get(i - 1));
+      }
+    }
+    intArray.add(40, 41);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, intArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i, intArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+    intArray.set(40, 25);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(25, intArray.get(40));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, intArray.peek());
+    intArray.set(40, 41);
+    intArray.reverse();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, intArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(101 - i, intArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void longArray() {
+    final PrimitivesArrays.LongArray longArray = new PrimitivesArrays.LongArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
+    for (long i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      longArray.add(i);
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100l, longArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i, longArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+
+    int expectedValue = 1;
+    for (Long value : longArray) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(expectedValue, value);
+      expectedValue++;
+    }
+
+    longArray.remove(40);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, longArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 99; i++) {
+      if (i <= 40) {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i, longArray.get(i - 1));
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i + 1, longArray.get(i - 1));
+      }
+    }
+    longArray.add(40, 41);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, longArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i, longArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+    longArray.set(40, 25);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(25, longArray.get(40));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, longArray.peek());
+    longArray.set(40, 41);
+    longArray.reverse();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, longArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(101 - i, longArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void floatArray() {
+    final PrimitivesArrays.FloatArray floatArray = new PrimitivesArrays.FloatArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT)));
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      floatArray.add(i * 3.3f);
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, floatArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.3f, floatArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+
+    float expectedValue = 1.0f;
+    for (Float value : floatArray) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(expectedValue * 3.3f, value);
+      expectedValue++;
+    }
+
+    floatArray.remove(40);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, floatArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 99; i++) {
+      if (i <= 40) {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.3f, floatArray.get(i - 1));
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertEquals((i + 1) * 3.3f, floatArray.get(i - 1));
+      }
+    }
+    floatArray.add(40, 41 * 3.3f);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, floatArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.3f, floatArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+    floatArray.set(40, 25.2f);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(25.2f, floatArray.get(40));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0.0f, floatArray.peek());
+    floatArray.set(40, 41 * 3.3f);
+    floatArray.reverse();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, floatArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals((101 - i) * 3.3f, floatArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void doubleArray() {
+    final PrimitivesArrays.DoubleArray doubleArray = new PrimitivesArrays.DoubleArray(4,
+        Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE)));
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      doubleArray.add(i * 3.0d);
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, doubleArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.0d, doubleArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+
+    double expectedValue = 1.0f;
+    for (Double value : doubleArray) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(expectedValue * 3.0d, value);
+      expectedValue++;
+    }
+
+    doubleArray.remove(40);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(99, doubleArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 99; i++) {
+      if (i <= 40) {
+        Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.0d, doubleArray.get(i - 1));
+      } else {
+        Assertions.assertEquals((i + 1) * 3.0d, doubleArray.get(i - 1));
+      }
+    }
+    doubleArray.add(40, 41 * 3.0d);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, doubleArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals(i * 3.0d, doubleArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+    doubleArray.set(40, 25.2d);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(25.2d, doubleArray.get(40));
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0.0d, doubleArray.peek());
+    doubleArray.set(40, 41 * 3.0d);
+    doubleArray.reverse();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, doubleArray.size());
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+      Assertions.assertEquals((101 - i) * 3.0d, doubleArray.get(i - 1));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericConcreteEnum.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericConcreteEnum.java
index c01e32fdfb9..bf56d0ca4e1 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericConcreteEnum.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericConcreteEnum.java
@@ -24,14 +24,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 /**
  * See AVRO-1810: GenericDatumWriter broken with Enum
  */
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ private static byte[] serializeRecord(FooBarSpecificRecord fooBarSpecificRecord)
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGenericWriteAndRead() throws IOException {
+  void genericWriteAndRead() throws IOException {
     FooBarSpecificRecord specificRecord = getRecord();
 
     byte[] bytes = serializeRecord(specificRecord);
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ public void testGenericWriteAndRead() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGenericWriteSpecificRead() throws IOException {
+  void genericWriteSpecificRead() throws IOException {
     FooBarSpecificRecord specificRecord = getRecord();
 
     byte[] bytes = serializeRecord(specificRecord);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericData.java
index c8690ea9265..20c82179561 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericData.java
@@ -19,12 +19,7 @@
 
 import static org.apache.avro.TestCircularReferences.Reference;
 import static org.apache.avro.TestCircularReferences.Referenceable;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
@@ -45,6 +40,8 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
@@ -56,61 +53,77 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestGenericData {
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testrecordConstructorNullSchema() throws Exception {
-    new GenericData.Record(null);
+  @Test
+  void recordConstructorNullSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericData.Record(null);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testrecordConstructorWrongSchema() throws Exception {
-    new GenericData.Record(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+  @Test
+  void recordConstructorWrongSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericData.Record(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testArrayConstructorNullSchema() throws Exception {
-    new GenericData.Array<>(1, null);
+  @Test
+  void arrayConstructorNullSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericData.Array<>(1, null);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testArrayConstructorWrongSchema() throws Exception {
-    new GenericData.Array<>(1, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+  @Test
+  void arrayConstructorWrongSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericData.Array<>(1, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testRecordCreateEmptySchema() throws Exception {
-    Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
-    new GenericData.Record(s);
+  @Test
+  void recordCreateEmptySchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
+      new GenericData.Record(s);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testGetEmptySchemaFields() throws Exception {
-    Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
-    s.getFields();
+  @Test
+  void getEmptySchemaFields() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
+      s.getFields();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testGetEmptySchemaField() throws Exception {
-    Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
-    s.getField("foo");
+  @Test
+  void getEmptySchemaField() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
+      s.getField("foo");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testRecordPutInvalidField() throws Exception {
-    Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
-    List<Schema.Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
-    fields.add(new Schema.Field("someFieldName", s, "docs", null));
-    s.setFields(fields);
-    Record r = new GenericData.Record(s);
-    r.put("invalidFieldName", "someValue");
+  @Test
+  void recordPutInvalidField() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = Schema.createRecord("schemaName", "schemaDoc", "namespace", false);
+      List<Schema.Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
+      fields.add(new Schema.Field("someFieldName", s, "docs", null));
+      s.setFields(fields);
+      Record r = new GenericData.Record(s);
+      r.put("invalidFieldName", "someValue");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test
   /** Make sure that even with nulls, hashCode() doesn't throw NPE. */
-  public void testHashCode() {
+  @Test
+  void testHashCode() {
     GenericData.get().hashCode(null, Schema.create(Type.NULL));
     GenericData.get().hashCode(null,
         Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Type.BOOLEAN), Schema.create(Type.STRING))));
@@ -123,7 +136,7 @@ public void testHashCode() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEquals() {
+  void testEquals() {
     Schema s = recordSchema();
     GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(s);
     GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(s);
@@ -143,6 +156,157 @@ public void testEquals() {
     assertEquals(r1, r2);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testMapKeyEqualsStringAndUtf8Compatibility() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> pair1 = new HashMap<>();
+    pair1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r0.put("my_map", pair1);
+
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> pair2 = new HashMap<>();
+    pair2.put(new Utf8("keyOne"), "valueOne");
+    r1.put("my_map", pair2);
+
+    assertEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMapValuesEqualsStringAndUtf8Compatibility() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+
+    HashMap<CharSequence, CharSequence> pair1 = new HashMap<>();
+    pair1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r0.put("my_map", pair1);
+
+    HashMap<CharSequence, CharSequence> pair2 = new HashMap<>();
+    pair2.put("keyOne", new Utf8("valueOne"));
+    r1.put("my_map", pair2);
+
+    assertEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEqualsEmptyMaps() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    r0.put("my_map", new HashMap<>());
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    r1.put("my_map", new HashMap<>());
+
+    assertEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEqualsEmptyMapAndNonEmptyMap() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    r0.put("my_map", new HashMap<>());
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, CharSequence> pair1 = new HashMap<>();
+    pair1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r1.put("my_map", pair1);
+
+    assertNotEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertNotEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEqualsMapAndSubset() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m1 = new HashMap<>();
+    m1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    m1.put("keyTwo", "valueTwo");
+    r0.put("my_map", m1);
+
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m2 = new HashMap<>();
+    m2.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r1.put("my_map", m2);
+
+    assertNotEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertNotEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEqualsMapAndSameSizeMapWithDifferentKeys() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m1 = new HashMap<>();
+    m1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r0.put("my_map", m1);
+
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m2 = new HashMap<>();
+    m2.put("keyTwo", "valueTwo");
+    r1.put("my_map", m2);
+
+    assertNotEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertNotEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEqualsMapAndSameSizeMapWithDifferentValues() {
+    Field myMapField = new Field("my_map", Schema.createMap(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myMapField));
+
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m1 = new HashMap<>();
+    m1.put("keyOne", "valueOne");
+    r0.put("my_map", m1);
+
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    HashMap<CharSequence, String> m2 = new HashMap<>();
+    m2.put("keyOne", "valueTwo");
+    r1.put("my_map", m2);
+
+    assertNotEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertNotEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testArrayValuesEqualsStringAndUtf8Compatibility() {
+    Field myArrayField = new Field("my_array", Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), null, null);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("my_record", "doc", "mytest", false);
+    schema.setFields(Arrays.asList(myArrayField));
+    GenericRecord r0 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    GenericRecord r1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+
+    List<CharSequence> array1 = Arrays.asList("valueOne");
+    r0.put("my_array", array1);
+
+    List<CharSequence> array2 = Arrays.asList(new Utf8("valueOne"));
+    r1.put("my_array", array2);
+
+    assertEquals(r0, r1);
+    assertEquals(r1, r0);
+  }
+
   private Schema recordSchema() {
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     fields.add(new Field("anArray", Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Type.STRING)), null, null));
@@ -153,7 +317,7 @@ private Schema recordSchema() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEquals2() {
+  void equals2() {
     Schema schema1 = Schema.createRecord("r", null, "x", false);
     List<Field> fields1 = new ArrayList<>();
     fields1.add(new Field("a", Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), null, null, Field.Order.IGNORE));
@@ -171,19 +335,21 @@ public void testEquals2() {
     GenericRecord record2 = new GenericData.Record(schema2);
     record2.put("a", "2");
 
-    assertFalse(record2.equals(record1));
-    assertFalse(record1.equals(record2));
+    assertNotEquals(record2, record1);
+    assertNotEquals(record1, record2);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testRecordGetFieldDoesntExist() throws Exception {
-    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("test", "doc", "test", false, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
-    GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
-    record.get("does not exist");
+  @Test
+  void recordGetFieldDoesntExist() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("test", "doc", "test", false, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+      GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+      record.get("does not exist");
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayReversal() {
+  void arrayReversal() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     GenericArray<Integer> forward = new GenericData.Array<>(10, schema);
     GenericArray<Integer> backward = new GenericData.Array<>(10, schema);
@@ -194,11 +360,11 @@ public void testArrayReversal() {
       backward.add(i);
     }
     forward.reverse();
-    assertTrue(forward.equals(backward));
+    assertEquals(forward, backward);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayListInterface() {
+  void arrayListInterface() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     GenericArray<Integer> array = new GenericData.Array<>(1, schema);
     array.add(99);
@@ -224,7 +390,7 @@ public void testArrayListInterface() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayAddAtLocation() {
+  void arrayAddAtLocation() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     GenericArray<Integer> array = new GenericData.Array<>(6, schema);
     array.clear();
@@ -254,7 +420,7 @@ public void testArrayAddAtLocation() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayRemove() {
+  void arrayRemove() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     GenericArray<Integer> array = new GenericData.Array<>(10, schema);
     array.clear();
@@ -297,7 +463,7 @@ public void testArrayRemove() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArraySet() {
+  void arraySet() {
     Schema schema = Schema.createArray(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     GenericArray<Integer> array = new GenericData.Array<>(10, schema);
     array.clear();
@@ -313,7 +479,7 @@ public void testArraySet() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringIsJson() throws JsonParseException, IOException {
+  void toStringIsJson() throws JsonParseException, IOException {
     Field stringField = new Field("string", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Field enumField = new Field("enum", Schema.createEnum("my_enum", "doc", null, Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c")), null,
         null);
@@ -335,7 +501,7 @@ public void testToStringIsJson() throws JsonParseException, IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMapWithNonStringKeyToStringIsJson() throws Exception {
+  void mapWithNonStringKeyToStringIsJson() throws Exception {
     Schema intMapSchema = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"string\", \"java-key-class\" : \"java.lang.Integer\"}");
     Field intMapField = new Field("intMap", Schema.createMap(intMapSchema), null, null);
@@ -384,7 +550,7 @@ public void testMapWithNonStringKeyToStringIsJson() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringEscapesControlCharsInBytes() throws Exception {
+  void toStringEscapesControlCharsInBytes() throws Exception {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 'a', '\n', 'b' });
     assertEquals("\"a\\nb\"", data.toString(bytes));
@@ -392,7 +558,7 @@ public void testToStringEscapesControlCharsInBytes() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringEscapesControlCharsInMap() {
+  void toStringEscapesControlCharsInMap() {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     Map<String, String> m = new HashMap<>();
     m.put("a\n\\b", "a\n\\b");
@@ -400,20 +566,20 @@ public void testToStringEscapesControlCharsInMap() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringFixed() throws Exception {
+  void toStringFixed() throws Exception {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     assertEquals("[97, 10, 98]",
         data.toString(new GenericData.Fixed(Schema.createFixed("test", null, null, 3), new byte[] { 'a', '\n', 'b' })));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringDoesNotEscapeForwardSlash() throws Exception {
+  void toStringDoesNotEscapeForwardSlash() throws Exception {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     assertEquals("\"/\"", data.toString("/"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringNanInfinity() throws Exception {
+  void toStringNanInfinity() throws Exception {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     assertEquals("\"Infinity\"", data.toString(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY));
     assertEquals("\"-Infinity\"", data.toString(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));
@@ -424,7 +590,7 @@ public void testToStringNanInfinity() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToStringConvertsDatesAsStrings() throws Exception {
+  void toStringConvertsDatesAsStrings() throws Exception {
     GenericData data = GenericData.get();
     assertEquals("\"1961-04-12T06:07:10Z\"", data.toString(Instant.parse("1961-04-12T06:07:10Z")));
     assertEquals("\"1961-04-12\"", data.toString(LocalDate.parse("1961-04-12")));
@@ -433,7 +599,14 @@ public void testToStringConvertsDatesAsStrings() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompare() {
+  void ToStringConvertsUuidsAsStrings() throws Exception {
+    GenericData data = GenericData.get();
+    assertEquals("\"abf2f1e8-cece-4fdc-290a-babaca09ec74\"",
+        data.toString(UUID.fromString("abf2f1e8-cece-4fdc-290a-babaca09ec74")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void compare() {
     // Prepare a schema for testing.
     Field integerField = new Field("test", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -475,7 +648,7 @@ public void testCompare() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumCompare() {
+  void enumCompare() {
     Schema s = Schema.createEnum("Kind", null, null, Arrays.asList("Z", "Y", "X"));
     GenericEnumSymbol z = new GenericData.EnumSymbol(s, "Z");
     GenericEnumSymbol z2 = new GenericData.EnumSymbol(s, "Z");
@@ -486,7 +659,7 @@ public void testEnumCompare() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testByteBufferDeepCopy() {
+  void byteBufferDeepCopy() {
     // Test that a deep copy of a byte buffer respects the byte buffer
     // limits and capacity.
     byte[] buffer_value = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0 };
@@ -505,7 +678,7 @@ public void testByteBufferDeepCopy() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateNullableEnum() {
+  void validateNullableEnum() {
     List<Schema> unionTypes = new ArrayList<>();
     Schema schema;
     Schema nullSchema = Schema.create(Type.NULL);
@@ -542,10 +715,10 @@ public void testValidateNullableEnum() {
 
   private enum anEnum {
     ONE, TWO, THREE
-  };
+  }
 
   @Test
-  public void validateRequiresGenericSymbolForEnumSchema() {
+  void validateRequiresGenericSymbolForEnumSchema() {
     final Schema schema = Schema.createEnum("my_enum", "doc", "namespace", Arrays.asList("ONE", "TWO", "THREE"));
     final GenericData gd = GenericData.get();
 
@@ -554,12 +727,12 @@ public void validateRequiresGenericSymbolForEnumSchema() {
     assertTrue(gd.validate(schema, new GenericData.EnumSymbol(schema, anEnum.ONE)));
 
     /* negative cases */
-    assertFalse("We don't expect GenericData to allow a String datum for an enum schema", gd.validate(schema, "ONE"));
-    assertFalse("We don't expect GenericData to allow a Java Enum for an enum schema", gd.validate(schema, anEnum.ONE));
+    assertFalse(gd.validate(schema, "ONE"), "We don't expect GenericData to allow a String datum for an enum schema");
+    assertFalse(gd.validate(schema, anEnum.ONE), "We don't expect GenericData to allow a Java Enum for an enum schema");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidateUnion() {
+  void validateUnion() {
     Schema type1Schema = SchemaBuilder.record("Type1").fields().requiredString("myString").requiredInt("myInt")
         .endRecord();
 
@@ -578,7 +751,7 @@ public void testValidateUnion() {
    * Record, Map and Array this is correct, for the rest is is not.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testToStringSameValues() throws IOException {
+  void toStringSameValues() throws IOException {
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     fields.add(new Field("nullstring1", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null));
     fields.add(new Field("nullstring2", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null));
@@ -667,14 +840,14 @@ public void testToStringSameValues() throws IOException {
     testRecord.put("map2", map);
 
     String testString = testRecord.toString();
-    assertFalse("Record with duplicated values results in wrong 'toString()'",
-        testString.contains("CIRCULAR REFERENCE"));
+    assertFalse(testString.contains("CIRCULAR REFERENCE"),
+        "Record with duplicated values results in wrong 'toString()'");
   }
 
   // Test copied from Apache Parquet:
   // org.apache.parquet.avro.TestCircularReferences
   @Test
-  public void testToStringRecursive() throws IOException {
+  void toStringRecursive() throws IOException {
     ReferenceManager manager = new ReferenceManager();
     GenericData model = new GenericData();
     model.addLogicalTypeConversion(manager.getTracker());
@@ -725,12 +898,12 @@ public void testToStringRecursive() throws IOException {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * check that GenericArray.reset() retains reusable elements and that
    * GenericArray.prune() cleans them up properly.
    */
-  public void testGenericArrayPeek() {
+  @Test
+  void genericArrayPeek() {
     Schema elementSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("element").fields().requiredString("value").endRecord();
     Schema arraySchema = Schema.createArray(elementSchema);
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f74dab95b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.generic;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestGenericDatumReader {
+
+  private static final Random r = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
+
+  @Test
+  void readerCache() {
+    final GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache cache = new GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache(this::findStringClass);
+    List<Thread> threads = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 200).mapToObj((int index) -> {
+      final Schema schema = TestGenericDatumReader.this.build(index);
+      final WithSchema s = new WithSchema(schema, cache);
+      return (Runnable) () -> s.test();
+    }).map(Thread::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    threads.forEach(Thread::start);
+    threads.forEach((Thread t) -> {
+      try {
+        t.join();
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void newInstanceFromString() {
+    final GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache cache = new GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache(this::findStringClass);
+
+    Object object = cache.newInstanceFromString(StringBuilder.class, "Hello");
+    assertEquals(StringBuilder.class, object.getClass());
+    StringBuilder builder = (StringBuilder) object;
+    assertEquals("Hello", builder.toString());
+
+  }
+
+  static class WithSchema {
+    private final Schema schema;
+
+    private final GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache cache;
+
+    public WithSchema(Schema schema, GenericDatumReader.ReaderCache cache) {
+      this.schema = schema;
+      this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    public void test() {
+      this.cache.getStringClass(schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private List<Schema> list = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  private Schema build(int index) {
+    int schemaNum = (index - 1) % 50;
+    if (index <= 50) {
+      Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("record_" + schemaNum, "doc", "namespace", false,
+          Arrays.asList(new Schema.Field("field" + schemaNum, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))));
+      list.add(schema);
+    }
+
+    return list.get(schemaNum);
+  }
+
+  private Class findStringClass(Schema schema) {
+    this.sleep();
+    if (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT) {
+      return Integer.class;
+    }
+    if (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING) {
+      return String.class;
+    }
+    if (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG) {
+      return Long.class;
+    }
+    if (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.FLOAT) {
+      return Float.class;
+    }
+    return String.class;
+  }
+
+  private void sleep() {
+    long timeToSleep = r.nextInt(30) + 10L;
+    if (timeToSleep > 25) {
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(timeToSleep);
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumWriter.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumWriter.java
index 2d5bf202d7f..dc3661f467b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericDatumWriter.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -43,16 +43,15 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestGenericDatumWriter {
   @Test
-  public void testUnionUnresolvedExceptionExplicitWhichField() throws IOException {
+  void unionUnresolvedExceptionExplicitWhichField() throws IOException {
     Schema s = schemaWithExplicitNullDefault();
     GenericRecord r = new GenericData.Record(s);
     r.put("f", 100);
     ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(s, bao);
     try {
       new GenericDatumWriter<>(s).write(r, EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(s, bao));
       fail();
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ public void testUnionUnresolvedExceptionExplicitWhichField() throws IOException
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWrite() throws IOException {
+  void write() throws IOException {
     String json = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"r\", \"fields\": [" + "{ \"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"long\" }"
         + "]}";
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ public void testWrite() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
+  void arrayConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\" }";
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     final GenericArray<Integer> a = new GenericData.Array<>(1, s);
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ public void testArrayConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMapConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
+  void mapConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"int\" }";
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     final Map<String, Integer> m = new HashMap<>();
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ public void testMapConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAllowWritingPrimitives() throws IOException {
+  void allowWritingPrimitives() throws IOException {
     Schema doubleType = Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE);
     Schema.Field field = new Schema.Field("double", doubleType);
     List<Schema.Field> fields = Collections.singletonList(field);
@@ -282,56 +281,195 @@ public void writeMapEnd() throws IOException {
     public void writeIndex(int unionIndex) throws IOException {
       e.writeIndex(unionIndex);
     }
-  };
-
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void writeDoesNotAllowStringForGenericEnum() throws IOException {
-    final String json = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"recordWithEnum\"," + "\"fields\": [ "
-        + "{\"name\": \"field\", \"type\": " + "{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": "
-        + "[\"ONE\",\"TWO\",\"THREE\"] " + "}" + "}" + "]}";
-    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
-    GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
-    record.put("field", "ONE");
-
-    ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
-    Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, bao);
+  }
 
-    writer.write(record, encoder);
+  @Test
+  void writeDoesNotAllowStringForGenericEnum() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      final String json = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"recordWithEnum\"," + "\"fields\": [ "
+          + "{\"name\": \"field\", \"type\": " + "{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": "
+          + "[\"ONE\",\"TWO\",\"THREE\"] " + "}" + "}" + "]}";
+      Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
+      GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+      record.put("field", "ONE");
+
+      ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+      Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, bao);
+
+      writer.write(record, encoder);
+    });
   }
 
   private enum AnEnum {
     ONE, TWO, THREE
-  };
-
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void writeDoesNotAllowJavaEnumForGenericEnum() throws IOException {
-    final String json = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"recordWithEnum\"," + "\"fields\": [ "
-        + "{\"name\": \"field\", \"type\": " + "{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": "
-        + "[\"ONE\",\"TWO\",\"THREE\"] " + "}" + "}" + "]}";
-    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
-    GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
-    record.put("field", AnEnum.ONE);
-
-    ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
-    Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, bao);
+  }
 
-    writer.write(record, encoder);
+  @Test
+  void writeDoesNotAllowJavaEnumForGenericEnum() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      final String json = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"recordWithEnum\"," + "\"fields\": [ "
+          + "{\"name\": \"field\", \"type\": " + "{\"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"enum\", \"symbols\": "
+          + "[\"ONE\",\"TWO\",\"THREE\"] " + "}" + "}" + "]}";
+      Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
+      GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+      record.put("field", AnEnum.ONE);
+
+      ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+      Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, bao);
+
+      writer.write(record, encoder);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void writeFieldWithDefaultWithExplicitNullDefaultInSchema() throws Exception {
+  void writeFieldWithDefaultWithExplicitNullDefaultInSchema() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = schemaWithExplicitNullDefault();
     GenericRecord record = createRecordWithDefaultField(schema);
-    writeObject(schema, record);
+    writeObject(record);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void writeFieldWithDefaultWithoutExplicitNullDefaultInSchema() throws Exception {
+  void writeFieldWithDefaultWithoutExplicitNullDefaultInSchema() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = schemaWithoutExplicitNullDefault();
     GenericRecord record = createRecordWithDefaultField(schema);
-    writeObject(schema, record);
+    writeObject(record);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedNPEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    GenericData.Record topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, GenericData.Record> map = (Map<String, GenericData.Record>) ((List<GenericData.Record>) ((GenericData.Record) topLevelRecord
+        .get("unionField")).get("arrayField")).get(0).get("mapField");
+    map.get("a").put("strField", null);
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField[\"a\"].strField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nPEForMapKeyErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    GenericData.Record topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, GenericData.Record> map = (Map<String, GenericData.Record>) ((List<GenericData.Record>) ((GenericData.Record) topLevelRecord
+        .get("unionField")).get("arrayField")).get(0).get("mapField");
+    map.put(null, map.get("a")); // value is valid, but key is null
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("null key in map at RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shortPathNPEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      writeObject(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), null);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getMessage().contains("null value for (non-nullable) string"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedCCEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    GenericData.Record topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, GenericData.Record> map = (Map<String, GenericData.Record>) ((List<GenericData.Record>) ((GenericData.Record) topLevelRecord
+        .get("unionField")).get("arrayField")).get(0).get("mapField");
+    map.get("a").put("strField", 42); // not a string
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (ClassCastException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField[\"a\"].strField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shortPathCCEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      writeObject(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), 42);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (ClassCastException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage().contains("value 42 (a java.lang.Integer) cannot be cast to expected type string"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedATEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    GenericData.Record topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, GenericData.Record> map = (Map<String, GenericData.Record>) ((List<GenericData.Record>) ((GenericData.Record) topLevelRecord
+        .get("unionField")).get("arrayField")).get(0).get("mapField");
+    map.get("a").put("enumField", 42); // not an enum
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (AvroTypeException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField[\"a\"].enumField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+      assertTrue(expected.getMessage().contains("42 (a java.lang.Integer) is not a MapRecordEnum"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private GenericData.Record buildComplexRecord() throws IOException {
+
+    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser()
+        .parse(new File("target/test-classes/share/test/schemas/RecordWithRequiredFields.avsc"));
+
+    GenericData.Record topLevelRecord = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    GenericData.Record unionRecord = new GenericData.Record(schema.getField("unionField").schema().getTypes().get(1));
+    Schema arraySchema = unionRecord.getSchema().getField("arrayField").schema();
+    GenericData.Record arrayRecord1 = new GenericData.Record(arraySchema.getElementType());
+    GenericData.Record arrayRecord2 = new GenericData.Record(arraySchema.getElementType());
+    GenericData.Array<GenericData.Record> array = new GenericData.Array<>(arraySchema,
+        Arrays.asList(arrayRecord1, arrayRecord2));
+    Schema mapRecordSchema = arraySchema.getElementType().getField("mapField").schema().getValueType();
+    GenericData.Record mapRecordA = new GenericData.Record(mapRecordSchema);
+    Schema mapRecordEnumSchema = mapRecordSchema.getField("enumField").schema();
+
+    mapRecordA.put("enumField", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(mapRecordEnumSchema, "B"));
+    mapRecordA.put("strField", "4");
+
+    arrayRecord1.put("strField", "2");
+    HashMap<String, GenericData.Record> map1 = new HashMap<>();
+    map1.put("a", mapRecordA);
+    arrayRecord1.put("mapField", map1);
+
+    arrayRecord2.put("strField", "2");
+    HashMap<String, GenericData.Record> map2 = new HashMap<>();
+    map2.put("a", mapRecordA);
+    arrayRecord2.put("mapField", map2);
+
+    unionRecord.put(unionRecord.getSchema().getField("strField").pos(), "1");
+    unionRecord.put(unionRecord.getSchema().getField("arrayField").pos(), array); // BOOM
+
+    topLevelRecord.put(topLevelRecord.getSchema().getField("strField").pos(), "0");
+    topLevelRecord.put(topLevelRecord.getSchema().getField("unionField").pos(), unionRecord);
+
+    return topLevelRecord;
   }
 
   private Schema schemaWithExplicitNullDefault() {
@@ -347,10 +485,15 @@ private Schema schemaWithoutExplicitNullDefault() {
     return new Schema.Parser().parse(schema);
   }
 
-  private void writeObject(Schema schema, GenericRecord datum) throws Exception {
+  private void writeObject(GenericRecord datum) throws Exception {
+    writeObject(datum.getSchema(), datum);
+  }
+
+  private void writeObject(Schema schema, Object datum) throws Exception {
     BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(new ByteArrayOutputStream(), null);
-    GenericDatumWriter<GenericData.Record> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
-    writer.write(schema, datum, encoder);
+    GenericDatumWriter<Object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    writer.write(datum, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
   }
 
   private GenericRecord createRecordWithDefaultField(Schema schema) {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericLogicalTypes.java
index 4da31ea5a8f..6df4a8af6a2 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericLogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericLogicalTypes.java
@@ -18,13 +18,28 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
+import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
+import org.apache.avro.CustomType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.file.FileReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.util.TimePeriod;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
@@ -32,41 +47,32 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.UUID;
-import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
-import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
-import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
-import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions;
-import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
-import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
-import org.apache.avro.file.FileReader;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
-import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotSame;
 
 public class TestGenericLogicalTypes {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder temp = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File temp;
 
   public static final GenericData GENERIC = new GenericData();
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void addLogicalTypes() {
     GENERIC.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.DecimalConversion());
     GENERIC.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.UUIDConversion());
+    GENERIC.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.DurationConversion());
     GENERIC.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMicrosConversion());
     GENERIC.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMillisConversion());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUID() throws IOException {
+  public void readUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema);
 
@@ -75,11 +81,11 @@ public void testReadUUID() throws IOException {
     List<UUID> expected = Arrays.asList(u1, u2);
 
     File test = write(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), u1.toString(), u2.toString());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert Strings to UUIDs", expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test), "Should convert Strings to UUIDs");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteUUID() throws IOException {
+  public void writeUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema stringSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     stringSchema.addProp(GenericData.STRING_PROP, "String");
     Schema uuidSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
@@ -90,12 +96,12 @@ public void testWriteUUID() throws IOException {
     List<String> expected = Arrays.asList(u1.toString(), u2.toString());
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, uuidSchema, u1, u2);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read UUIDs as Strings", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(stringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(stringSchema), test),
+        "Should read UUIDs as Strings");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteNullableUUID() throws IOException {
+  public void writeNullableUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema stringSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     stringSchema.addProp(GenericData.STRING_PROP, "String");
     Schema nullableStringSchema = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), stringSchema);
@@ -109,12 +115,43 @@ public void testWriteNullableUUID() throws IOException {
     List<String> expected = Arrays.asList(u1.toString(), u2.toString());
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, nullableUuidSchema, u1, u2);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read UUIDs as Strings", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(nullableStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(nullableStringSchema), test),
+        "Should read UUIDs as Strings");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void readWriteDuration() throws IOException {
+    Schema fixedSchema = Schema.createFixed("bare.Fixed", null, null, 12);
+
+    Schema durationSchema = Schema.createFixed("time.Duration", null, null, 12);
+    LogicalTypes.duration().addToSchema(durationSchema);
+
+    // These two are necessary for schema evolution!
+    fixedSchema.addAlias(durationSchema.getFullName());
+    durationSchema.addAlias(fixedSchema.getFullName());
+
+    Random rng = new Random();
+    TimePeriod d1 = TimePeriod.of(rng.nextInt(1000), rng.nextInt(1000), rng.nextInt(1000));
+    ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(12).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).putInt((int) d1.getMonths())
+        .putInt((int) d1.getDays()).putInt((int) d1.getMillis());
+    GenericFixed f1 = new GenericData.Fixed(fixedSchema, b1.array());
+
+    TimePeriod d2 = TimePeriod.of(rng.nextInt(1000), rng.nextInt(1000), rng.nextInt(1000));
+    ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(12).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).putInt((int) d2.getMonths())
+        .putInt((int) d2.getDays()).putInt((int) d2.getMillis());
+    GenericFixed f2 = new GenericData.Fixed(fixedSchema, b2.array());
+
+    File test = write(fixedSchema, f1, f2);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(d1, d2), read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(durationSchema), test),
+        "Should convert fixed bytes to durations");
+
+    test = write(GENERIC, durationSchema, d2, d1);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(f2, f1), read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(fixedSchema), test),
+        "Should convert durations to fixed bytes");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
+  public void readDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema fixedSchema = Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4);
     Schema decimalSchema = decimal.addToSchema(Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4));
@@ -130,12 +167,11 @@ public void testReadDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
     GenericFixed d2fixed = conversion.toFixed(d2, fixedSchema, decimal);
 
     File test = write(fixedSchema, d1fixed, d2fixed);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert fixed to BigDecimals", expected,
-        read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(decimalSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(decimalSchema), test), "Should convert fixed to BigDecimals");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
+  public void writeDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema fixedSchema = Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4);
     Schema decimalSchema = decimal.addToSchema(Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4));
@@ -150,16 +186,16 @@ public void testWriteDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
     List<GenericFixed> expected = Arrays.asList(d1fixed, d2fixed);
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, decimalSchema, d1, d2);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read BigDecimals as fixed", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(fixedSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(fixedSchema), test),
+        "Should read BigDecimals as fixed");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalToFromBytes() throws IOException {
+  public void decimalToFromBytes() {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema bytesSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
 
-    // Check that the round trip to and from bytes
+    // Check the round trip to and from bytes
     BigDecimal d1 = new BigDecimal("-34.34");
     BigDecimal d2 = new BigDecimal("117230.00");
 
@@ -176,11 +212,11 @@ public void testDecimalToFromBytes() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalToFromFixed() throws IOException {
+  public void decimalToFromFixed() {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema fixedSchema = Schema.createFixed("aFixed", null, null, 4);
 
-    // Check that the round trip to and from fixed data.
+    // Check the round trip to and from fixed data.
     BigDecimal d1 = new BigDecimal("-34.34");
     BigDecimal d2 = new BigDecimal("117230.00");
 
@@ -193,7 +229,7 @@ public void testDecimalToFromFixed() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
+  public void readDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema bytesSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
     Schema decimalSchema = decimal.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
@@ -209,12 +245,11 @@ public void testReadDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
     ByteBuffer d2bytes = conversion.toBytes(d2, bytesSchema, decimal);
 
     File test = write(bytesSchema, d1bytes, d2bytes);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert bytes to BigDecimals", expected,
-        read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(decimalSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(decimalSchema), test), "Should convert bytes to BigDecimals");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
+  public void writeDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
     LogicalType decimal = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2);
     Schema bytesSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
     Schema decimalSchema = decimal.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
@@ -230,8 +265,8 @@ public void testWriteDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
     List<ByteBuffer> expected = Arrays.asList(d1bytes, d2bytes);
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, decimalSchema, d1bytes, d2bytes);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read BigDecimals as bytes", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(bytesSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(bytesSchema), test),
+        "Should read BigDecimals as bytes");
   }
 
   private <D> List<D> read(DatumReader<D> reader, File file) throws IOException {
@@ -246,13 +281,14 @@ private <D> List<D> read(DatumReader<D> reader, File file) throws IOException {
     return data;
   }
 
-  private <D> File write(Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
+  @SafeVarargs
+  private final <D> File write(Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
     return write(GenericData.get(), schema, data);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private <D> File write(GenericData model, Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
-    File file = temp.newFile();
+    File file = new File(temp, "out.avro");
     DatumWriter<D> writer = model.createDatumWriter(schema);
 
     try (DataFileWriter<D> fileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(writer)) {
@@ -266,12 +302,12 @@ private <D> File write(GenericData model, Schema schema, D... data) throws IOExc
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCopyUuid() {
+  public void copyUuid() {
     testCopy(LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), UUID.randomUUID(), GENERIC);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCopyUuidRaw() {
+  public void copyUuidRaw() {
     testCopy(LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)), UUID.randomUUID().toString(), // use
                                                                                                                // raw
                                                                                                                // type
@@ -279,13 +315,13 @@ public void testCopyUuidRaw() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCopyDecimal() {
+  public void copyDecimal() {
     testCopy(LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)), new BigDecimal("-34.34"),
         GENERIC);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCopyDecimalRaw() {
+  public void copyDecimalRaw() {
     testCopy(LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)),
         ByteBuffer.wrap(new BigDecimal("-34.34").unscaledValue().toByteArray()), GenericData.get()); // no conversions
   }
@@ -307,28 +343,28 @@ private void testCopy(Schema schema, Object value, GenericData model) {
 
     // test nested in array
     Schema arraySchema = Schema.createArray(schema);
-    ArrayList array = new ArrayList(Collections.singletonList(value));
+    ArrayList<Object> array = new ArrayList<>(Collections.singletonList(value));
     checkCopy(array, model.deepCopy(arraySchema, array), true);
 
     // test record nested in array
     Schema recordArraySchema = Schema.createArray(recordSchema);
-    ArrayList recordArray = new ArrayList(Collections.singletonList(record));
+    ArrayList<GenericRecord> recordArray = new ArrayList<>(Collections.singletonList(record));
     checkCopy(recordArray, model.deepCopy(recordArraySchema, recordArray), true);
   }
 
   private void checkCopy(Object original, Object copy, boolean notSame) {
     if (notSame)
-      Assert.assertNotSame(original, copy);
-    Assert.assertEquals(original, copy);
+      assertNotSame(original, copy);
+    assertEquals(original, copy);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
+  public void readLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
     LogicalType timestamp = LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis();
     Schema longSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG);
     Schema timestampSchema = timestamp.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
-    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 06, 26, 12, 07, 11, 42000000);
+    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 6, 26, 12, 7, 11, 42000000);
     LocalDateTime i2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(0), ZoneOffset.UTC);
     List<LocalDateTime> expected = Arrays.asList(i1, i2);
 
@@ -339,17 +375,17 @@ public void testReadLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
     Long i2long = 0L;
 
     File test = write(longSchema, i1long, i2long);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert long to LocalDateTime", expected,
-        read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test),
+        "Should convert long to LocalDateTime");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
+  public void writeLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
     LogicalType timestamp = LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis();
     Schema longSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG);
     Schema timestampSchema = timestamp.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
-    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 06, 26, 12, 07, 11, 42000000);
+    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 6, 26, 12, 7, 11, 42000000);
     LocalDateTime i2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(0), ZoneOffset.UTC);
 
     Conversion<LocalDateTime> conversion = new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMillisConversion();
@@ -359,17 +395,17 @@ public void testWriteLocalTimestampMillis() throws IOException {
     List<Long> expected = Arrays.asList(d1long, d2long);
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, timestampSchema, i1, i2);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read LocalDateTime as longs", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test),
+        "Should read LocalDateTime as longs");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
+  public void readLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
     LogicalType timestamp = LogicalTypes.localTimestampMicros();
     Schema longSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG);
     Schema timestampSchema = timestamp.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
-    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 06, 26, 12, 07, 11, 420000);
+    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 6, 26, 12, 7, 11, 420000);
     LocalDateTime i2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 4000), ZoneOffset.UTC);
     List<LocalDateTime> expected = Arrays.asList(i1, i2);
 
@@ -380,17 +416,17 @@ public void testReadLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
     Long i2long = conversion.toLong(i2, longSchema, timestamp);
 
     File test = write(longSchema, i1long, i2long);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert long to LocalDateTime", expected,
-        read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test),
+        "Should convert long to LocalDateTime");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
+  public void writeLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
     LogicalType timestamp = LogicalTypes.localTimestampMicros();
     Schema longSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG);
     Schema timestampSchema = timestamp.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
-    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 06, 26, 12, 07, 11, 420000);
+    LocalDateTime i1 = LocalDateTime.of(1986, 6, 26, 12, 7, 11, 420000);
     LocalDateTime i2 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 4000), ZoneOffset.UTC);
 
     Conversion<LocalDateTime> conversion = new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMicrosConversion();
@@ -400,7 +436,56 @@ public void testWriteLocalTimestampMicros() throws IOException {
     List<Long> expected = Arrays.asList(d1long, d2long);
 
     File test = write(GENERIC, timestampSchema, i1, i2);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read LocalDateTime as longs", expected,
-        read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(timestampSchema), test),
+        "Should read LocalDateTime as longs");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReadAutomaticallyRegisteredUri() throws IOException {
+    Schema stringSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
+    GenericData.setStringType(stringSchema, GenericData.StringType.String);
+    LogicalType customType = LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes().get("custom").fromSchema(stringSchema);
+    Schema customTypeSchema = customType.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+
+    CustomType ct1 = new CustomType("foo");
+    CustomType ct2 = new CustomType("bar");
+    List<CustomType> expected = Arrays.asList(ct1, ct2);
+
+    Conversion<CustomType> conversion = GENERIC.getConversionFor(customType);
+
+    // use the conversion directly instead of relying on the write side
+    CharSequence ct1String = conversion.toCharSequence(ct1, stringSchema, customType);
+    CharSequence ct2String = conversion.toCharSequence(ct2, stringSchema, customType);
+
+    File test = write(stringSchema, ct1String, ct2String);
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GENERIC.createDatumReader(customTypeSchema), test),
+        "Should convert string to CustomType");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testWriteAutomaticallyRegisteredUri() throws IOException {
+    Schema stringSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
+    GenericData.setStringType(stringSchema, GenericData.StringType.String);
+    LogicalType customType = LogicalTypes.getCustomRegisteredTypes().get("custom").fromSchema(stringSchema);
+    Schema customTypeSchema = customType.addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+
+    CustomType ct1 = new CustomType("foo");
+    CustomType ct2 = new CustomType("bar");
+
+    Conversion<CustomType> conversion = GENERIC.getConversionFor(customType);
+
+    // use the conversion directly instead of relying on the write side
+    CharSequence ct1String = conversion.toCharSequence(ct1, stringSchema, customType);
+    CharSequence ct2String = conversion.toCharSequence(ct2, stringSchema, customType);
+    List<CharSequence> expected = Arrays.asList(ct1String, ct2String);
+
+    File test = write(GENERIC, customTypeSchema, ct1, ct2);
+
+    // Note that this test still cannot read strings using the logical type
+    // schema, as all GenericData instances have the logical type and the
+    // conversions loaded. That's why this final assert is slightly different.
+
+    assertEquals(expected, read(GenericData.get().createDatumReader(stringSchema), test),
+        "Should read CustomType as strings");
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericRecordBuilder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericRecordBuilder.java
index 5fa321a3b27..d4eece27bd8 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericRecordBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestGenericRecordBuilder.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -27,67 +29,70 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for the GenericRecordBuilder class.
  */
 public class TestGenericRecordBuilder {
   @Test
-  public void testGenericBuilder() {
+  void genericBuilder() {
     Schema schema = recordSchema();
     GenericRecordBuilder builder = new GenericRecordBuilder(schema);
 
     // Verify that builder has no fields set after initialization:
     for (Field field : schema.getFields()) {
-      Assert.assertFalse("RecordBuilder should not have field " + field.name(), builder.has(field.name()));
-      Assert.assertNull("Field " + field.name() + " should be null", builder.get(field.name()));
+      assertFalse(builder.has(field.name()), "RecordBuilder should not have field " + field.name());
+      assertNull(builder.get(field.name()), "Field " + field.name() + " should be null");
     }
 
     // Set field in builder:
     builder.set("intField", 1);
     List<String> anArray = Arrays.asList("one", "two", "three");
     builder.set("anArray", anArray);
-    Assert.assertTrue("anArray should be set", builder.has("anArray"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(anArray, builder.get("anArray"));
-    Assert.assertFalse("id should not be set", builder.has("id"));
-    Assert.assertNull(builder.get("id"));
+    assertTrue(builder.has("anArray"), "anArray should be set");
+    assertEquals(anArray, builder.get("anArray"));
+    assertFalse(builder.has("id"), "id should not be set");
+    assertNull(builder.get("id"));
 
     // Build the record, and verify that fields are set:
     Record record = builder.build();
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, record.get("intField"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(anArray, record.get("anArray"));
-    Assert.assertNotNull(record.get("id"));
-    Assert.assertEquals("0", record.get("id").toString());
+    assertEquals(1, record.get("intField"));
+    assertEquals(anArray, record.get("anArray"));
+    assertNotNull(record.get("id"));
+    assertEquals("0", record.get("id").toString());
 
     // Test copy constructors:
-    Assert.assertEquals(builder, new GenericRecordBuilder(builder));
-    Assert.assertEquals(record, new GenericRecordBuilder(record).build());
+    assertEquals(builder, new GenericRecordBuilder(builder));
+    assertEquals(record, new GenericRecordBuilder(record).build());
 
     // Test clear:
     builder.clear("intField");
-    Assert.assertFalse(builder.has("intField"));
-    Assert.assertNull(builder.get("intField"));
+    assertFalse(builder.has("intField"));
+    assertNull(builder.get("intField"));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
-    new GenericRecordBuilder(recordSchema()).set("intField", null);
+  @Test
+  void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
+    assertThrows(org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericRecordBuilder(recordSchema()).set("intField", null);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields1() {
-    new GenericRecordBuilder(recordSchema()).build();
+  @Test
+  void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields1() {
+    assertThrows(org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      new GenericRecordBuilder(recordSchema()).build();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test()
-  public void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields2() {
+  @Test
+  void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields2() {
     try {
       new GenericRecordBuilder(recordSchema()).set("anArray", Collections.singletonList("one")).build();
-      Assert.fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
+      fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
-      Assert.assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("intField"));
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("intField"));
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestSkipEnumSchema.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestSkipEnumSchema.java
index b05c7b8552d..aae1af73860 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestSkipEnumSchema.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestSkipEnumSchema.java
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@
  */
 public class TestSkipEnumSchema {
   @Test
-  public void testSkipEnum() throws IOException {
+  void skipEnum() throws IOException {
     Schema enumSchema = SchemaBuilder.builder().enumeration("enum").symbols("en1", "en2");
     EnumSymbol enumSymbol = new EnumSymbol(enumSchema, "en1");
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryData.java
index edbcd0bcbe3..167cd724630 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryData.java
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestBinaryData {
 
@@ -29,13 +31,33 @@ public class TestBinaryData {
    * normal 8). When skipping it, the next byte should be 10.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testSkipLong() {
+  void skipLong() {
     byte[] b = new byte[10];
     BinaryData.encodeLong(Long.MAX_VALUE, b, 0);
 
     final int nextIndex = BinaryData.skipLong(b, 0);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(nextIndex, 10);
+    assertEquals(nextIndex, 10);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testIntLongVleEquality() {
+    byte[] intResult = new byte[9];
+    byte[] longResult = new byte[9];
+    BinaryData.encodeInt(0, intResult, 0);
+    BinaryData.encodeLong(0, longResult, 0);
+    assertArrayEquals(intResult, longResult);
+    BinaryData.encodeInt(42, intResult, 0);
+    BinaryData.encodeLong(42, longResult, 0);
+    assertArrayEquals(intResult, longResult);
+    BinaryData.encodeInt(-24, intResult, 0);
+    BinaryData.encodeLong(-24, longResult, 0);
+    assertArrayEquals(intResult, longResult);
+    BinaryData.encodeInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE, intResult, 0);
+    BinaryData.encodeLong(Integer.MAX_VALUE, longResult, 0);
+    assertArrayEquals(intResult, longResult);
+    BinaryData.encodeInt(Integer.MIN_VALUE, intResult, 0);
+    BinaryData.encodeLong(Integer.MIN_VALUE, longResult, 0);
+    assertArrayEquals(intResult, longResult);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryDecoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryDecoder.java
index e4bf8f89ce3..b9437bd8a0e 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryDecoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryDecoder.java
@@ -17,117 +17,159 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.EOFException;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ByteBufferInputStream;
 import org.apache.avro.util.ByteBufferOutputStream;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
-
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSystemLimitException.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 public class TestBinaryDecoder {
   // prime number buffer size so that looping tests hit the buffer edge
   // at different points in the loop.
   DecoderFactory factory = new DecoderFactory().configureDecoderBufferSize(521);
-  private boolean useDirect = false;
+
   static EncoderFactory e_factory = EncoderFactory.get();
 
-  public TestBinaryDecoder(boolean useDirect) {
-    this.useDirect = useDirect;
+  private Decoder newDecoderWithNoData(boolean useDirect) {
+    return newDecoder(new byte[0], useDirect);
   }
 
-  @Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { true }, { false }, });
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes, int start, int len, boolean useDirect) {
+    return this.newDecoder(bytes, start, len, null, useDirect);
   }
 
-  private Decoder newDecoderWithNoData() throws IOException {
-    return newDecoder(new byte[0]);
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes, int start, int len, BinaryDecoder reuse, boolean useDirect) {
+    if (useDirect) {
+      final ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes, start, len);
+      return factory.directBinaryDecoder(input, reuse);
+    } else {
+      return factory.binaryDecoder(bytes, start, len, reuse);
+    }
   }
 
-  private Decoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes, int start, int len) throws IOException {
-    return factory.binaryDecoder(bytes, start, len, null);
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(InputStream in, boolean useDirect) {
+    return this.newDecoder(in, null, useDirect);
+  }
 
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(InputStream in, BinaryDecoder reuse, boolean useDirect) {
+    if (useDirect) {
+      return factory.directBinaryDecoder(in, reuse);
+    } else {
+      return factory.binaryDecoder(in, reuse);
+    }
   }
 
-  private Decoder newDecoder(InputStream in) {
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes, BinaryDecoder reuse, boolean useDirect) {
     if (useDirect) {
-      return factory.directBinaryDecoder(in, null);
+      return this.factory.directBinaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes), reuse);
     } else {
-      return factory.binaryDecoder(in, null);
+      return factory.binaryDecoder(bytes, reuse);
     }
   }
 
-  private Decoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
-    return factory.binaryDecoder(bytes, null);
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(byte[] bytes, boolean useDirect) {
+    return this.newDecoder(bytes, null, useDirect);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a decoder for simulating reading corrupt, unexpected or out-of-bounds
+   * data.
+   *
+   * @return a {@link org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder that has been initialized
+   *         on a byte array containing the sequence of encoded longs in order.
+   */
+  private BinaryDecoder newDecoder(boolean useDirect, long... values) throws IOException {
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(baos, null);
+      for (long v : values)
+        encoder.writeLong(v);
+      encoder.flush();
+      return newDecoder(baos.toByteArray(), useDirect);
+    }
   }
 
   /** Verify EOFException throw at EOF */
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFBoolean() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readBoolean();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofBoolean(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readBoolean());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFInt() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readInt();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofInt(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readInt());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFLong() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readLong();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofLong(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readLong());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFFloat() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readFloat();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofFloat(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readFloat());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFDouble() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readDouble();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofDouble(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readDouble());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFBytes() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readBytes(null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofBytes(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readBytes(null));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFString() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readString(new Utf8("a"));
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofString(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readString(new Utf8("a")));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFFixed() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readFixed(new byte[1]);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofFixed(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readFixed(new byte[1]));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOFEnum() throws IOException {
-    newDecoderWithNoData().readEnum();
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eofEnum(boolean useDirect) {
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoderWithNoData(useDirect).readEnum());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReuse() throws IOException {
+  void reuse() throws IOException {
     ByteBufferOutputStream bbo1 = new ByteBufferOutputStream();
     ByteBufferOutputStream bbo2 = new ByteBufferOutputStream();
     byte[] b1 = new byte[] { 1, 2 };
@@ -142,20 +184,20 @@ public void testReuse() throws IOException {
 
     DirectBinaryDecoder d = new DirectBinaryDecoder(new ByteBufferInputStream(bbo1.getBufferList()));
     ByteBuffer bb1 = d.readBytes(null);
-    Assert.assertEquals(b1.length, bb1.limit() - bb1.position());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(b1.length, bb1.limit() - bb1.position());
 
     d.configure(new ByteBufferInputStream(bbo2.getBufferList()));
     ByteBuffer bb2 = d.readBytes(null);
-    Assert.assertEquals(b1.length, bb2.limit() - bb2.position());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(b1.length, bb2.limit() - bb2.position());
 
   }
 
   private static byte[] data = null;
   private static Schema schema = null;
-  private static int count = 200;
-  private static ArrayList<Object> records = new ArrayList<>(count);
+  private static final int count = 200;
+  private static final ArrayList<Object> records = new ArrayList<>(count);
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void generateData() throws IOException {
     int seed = (int) System.currentTimeMillis();
     // note some tests (testSkipping) rely on this explicitly
@@ -179,8 +221,9 @@ public static void generateData() throws IOException {
     data = baos.toByteArray();
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testDecodeFromSources() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void decodeFromSources(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
     GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>();
     reader.setSchema(schema);
 
@@ -188,81 +231,82 @@ public void testDecodeFromSources() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayInputStream is2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
     ByteArrayInputStream is3 = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
 
-    Decoder fromInputStream = newDecoder(is);
-    Decoder fromArray = newDecoder(data);
+    Decoder fromInputStream = newDecoder(is, useDirect);
+    Decoder fromArray = newDecoder(data, useDirect);
 
     byte[] data2 = new byte[data.length + 30];
     Arrays.fill(data2, (byte) 0xff);
     System.arraycopy(data, 0, data2, 15, data.length);
 
-    Decoder fromOffsetArray = newDecoder(data2, 15, data.length);
+    Decoder fromOffsetArray = newDecoder(data2, 15, data.length, useDirect);
 
-    BinaryDecoder initOnInputStream = factory.binaryDecoder(new byte[50], 0, 30, null);
-    initOnInputStream = factory.binaryDecoder(is2, initOnInputStream);
-    BinaryDecoder initOnArray = factory.binaryDecoder(is3, null);
-    initOnArray = factory.binaryDecoder(data, 0, data.length, initOnArray);
+    BinaryDecoder initOnInputStream = newDecoder(new byte[50], 0, 30, useDirect);
+    initOnInputStream = newDecoder(is2, initOnInputStream, useDirect);
+    BinaryDecoder initOnArray = this.newDecoder(is3, null, useDirect);
+    initOnArray = this.newDecoder(data, initOnArray, useDirect);
 
     for (Object datum : records) {
-      Assert.assertEquals("InputStream based BinaryDecoder result does not match", datum,
-          reader.read(null, fromInputStream));
-      Assert.assertEquals("Array based BinaryDecoder result does not match", datum, reader.read(null, fromArray));
-      Assert.assertEquals("offset Array based BinaryDecoder result does not match", datum,
-          reader.read(null, fromOffsetArray));
-      Assert.assertEquals("InputStream initialized BinaryDecoder result does not match", datum,
-          reader.read(null, initOnInputStream));
-      Assert.assertEquals("Array initialized BinaryDecoder result does not match", datum,
-          reader.read(null, initOnArray));
+      Assertions.assertEquals(datum, reader.read(null, fromInputStream),
+          "InputStream based BinaryDecoder result does not match");
+      Assertions.assertEquals(datum, reader.read(null, fromArray), "Array based BinaryDecoder result does not match");
+      Assertions.assertEquals(datum, reader.read(null, fromOffsetArray),
+          "offset Array based BinaryDecoder result does not match");
+      Assertions.assertEquals(datum, reader.read(null, initOnInputStream),
+          "InputStream initialized BinaryDecoder result does not match");
+      Assertions.assertEquals(datum, reader.read(null, initOnArray),
+          "Array initialized BinaryDecoder result does not match");
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testInputStreamProxy() throws IOException {
-    Decoder d = newDecoder(data);
-    if (d instanceof BinaryDecoder) {
-      BinaryDecoder bd = (BinaryDecoder) d;
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void inputStreamProxy(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    BinaryDecoder d = newDecoder(data, useDirect);
+    if (d != null) {
+      BinaryDecoder bd = d;
       InputStream test = bd.inputStream();
       InputStream check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
       validateInputStreamReads(test, check);
-      bd = factory.binaryDecoder(data, bd);
+      bd = this.newDecoder(data, bd, useDirect);
       test = bd.inputStream();
       check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
       validateInputStreamSkips(test, check);
       // with input stream sources
-      bd = factory.binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd);
+      bd = newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd, useDirect);
       test = bd.inputStream();
       check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
       validateInputStreamReads(test, check);
-      bd = factory.binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd);
+      bd = newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd, useDirect);
       test = bd.inputStream();
       check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
       validateInputStreamSkips(test, check);
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testInputStreamProxyDetached() throws IOException {
-    Decoder d = newDecoder(data);
-    if (d instanceof BinaryDecoder) {
-      BinaryDecoder bd = (BinaryDecoder) d;
-      InputStream test = bd.inputStream();
-      InputStream check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
-      // detach input stream and decoder from old source
-      factory.binaryDecoder(new byte[56], null);
-      InputStream bad = bd.inputStream();
-      InputStream check2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void inputStreamProxyDetached(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    BinaryDecoder bd = newDecoder(data, useDirect);
+
+    InputStream test = bd.inputStream();
+    InputStream check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
+    // detach input stream and decoder from old source
+    this.newDecoder(new byte[56], useDirect);
+    try (InputStream bad = bd.inputStream(); InputStream check2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(data)) {
       validateInputStreamReads(test, check);
-      Assert.assertFalse(bad.read() == check2.read());
+      Assertions.assertNotEquals(bad.read(), check2.read());
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testInputStreamPartiallyUsed() throws IOException {
-    BinaryDecoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void inputStreamPartiallyUsed(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    BinaryDecoder bd = this.newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), useDirect);
     InputStream test = bd.inputStream();
     InputStream check = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
     // triggers buffer fill if unused and tests isEnd()
     try {
-      Assert.assertFalse(bd.isEnd());
+      Assertions.assertFalse(bd.isEnd());
     } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
       // this is ok if its a DirectBinaryDecoder.
       if (bd.getClass() != DirectBinaryDecoder.class) {
@@ -280,25 +324,28 @@ private void validateInputStreamReads(InputStream test, InputStream check) throw
     while (true) {
       int t = test.read();
       int c = check.read();
-      Assert.assertEquals(c, t);
-      if (-1 == t)
+      Assertions.assertEquals(c, t);
+      if (-1 == t) {
         break;
+      }
       t = test.read(bt);
       c = check.read(bc);
-      Assert.assertEquals(c, t);
-      Assert.assertArrayEquals(bt, bc);
-      if (-1 == t)
+      Assertions.assertEquals(c, t);
+      Assertions.assertArrayEquals(bt, bc);
+      if (-1 == t) {
         break;
+      }
       t = test.read(bt, 1, 4);
       c = check.read(bc, 1, 4);
-      Assert.assertEquals(c, t);
-      Assert.assertArrayEquals(bt, bc);
-      if (-1 == t)
+      Assertions.assertEquals(c, t);
+      Assertions.assertArrayEquals(bt, bc);
+      if (-1 == t) {
         break;
+      }
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, test.skip(5));
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, test.available());
-    Assert.assertFalse(test.getClass() != ByteArrayInputStream.class && test.markSupported());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, test.skip(5));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, test.available());
+    Assertions.assertFalse(test.getClass() != ByteArrayInputStream.class && test.markSupported());
     test.close();
   }
 
@@ -306,154 +353,300 @@ private void validateInputStreamSkips(InputStream test, InputStream check) throw
     while (true) {
       long t2 = test.skip(19);
       long c2 = check.skip(19);
-      Assert.assertEquals(c2, t2);
-      if (0 == t2)
+      Assertions.assertEquals(c2, t2);
+      if (0 == t2) {
         break;
+      }
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(-1, test.read());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(-1, test.read());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testBadIntEncoding() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void badIntEncoding(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
     byte[] badint = new byte[5];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(badint, null);
+    Decoder bd = this.newDecoder(badint, useDirect);
     String message = "";
     try {
       bd.readInt();
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       message = ioe.getMessage();
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals("Invalid int encoding", message);
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Invalid int encoding", message);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testBadLongEncoding() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void badLongEncoding(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
     byte[] badint = new byte[10];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(badint, null);
+    Decoder bd = this.newDecoder(badint, useDirect);
     String message = "";
     try {
       bd.readLong();
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       message = ioe.getMessage();
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals("Invalid long encoding", message);
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Invalid long encoding", message);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testNegativeStringLength() throws IOException {
-    byte[] bad = new byte[] { (byte) 1 };
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testStringNegativeLength(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, this.newDecoder(useDirect, -1L)::readString);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
+  }
 
-    Assert.assertThrows("Malformed data. Length is negative: -1", AvroRuntimeException.class, bd::readString);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testStringVmMaxSize(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1L)::readString);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_STRING, ex.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testStringMaxArraySize() throws IOException {
-    byte[] bad = new byte[10];
-    BinaryData.encodeLong(BinaryDecoder.MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1, bad, 0);
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testStringMaxCustom(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      System.setProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(128));
+      resetLimits();
+      Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, newDecoder(useDirect, 129)::readString);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("String length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+    } finally {
+      System.clearProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+      resetLimits();
+    }
+  }
 
-    Assert.assertThrows("Cannot read strings longer than " + BinaryDecoder.MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + " bytes",
-        UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::readString);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testBytesNegativeLength(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, -1).readBytes(null));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_NEGATIVE, ex.getMessage());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testNegativeBytesLength() throws IOException {
-    byte[] bad = new byte[] { (byte) 1 };
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testBytesVmMaxSize(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).readBytes(null));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_BYTES, ex.getMessage());
+  }
 
-    Assert.assertThrows("Malformed data. Length is negative: -1", AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> bd.readBytes(null));
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testBytesMaxCustom(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      System.setProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(128));
+      resetLimits();
+      Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class,
+          () -> newDecoder(useDirect, 129).readBytes(null));
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Bytes length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+    } finally {
+      System.clearProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_BYTES_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+      resetLimits();
+    }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testBytesMaxArraySize() throws IOException {
-    byte[] bad = new byte[10];
-    BinaryData.encodeLong(BinaryDecoder.MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1, bad, 0);
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testArrayVmMaxSize(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    // At start
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).readArrayStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Next
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).arrayNext());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // An OK reads followed by an overflow
+    Decoder bd = newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, bd.readArrayStart());
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::arrayNext);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit.
+    bd = newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, 100, 1);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, bd.readArrayStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, bd.arrayNext());
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::arrayNext);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit, where negative numbers are
+    // followed by the byte length of the items. For testing, the 999 values are
+    // read but ignored.
+    bd = newDecoder(useDirect, 100 - MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, 999, -100, 999, 1);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, bd.readArrayStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, bd.arrayNext());
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::arrayNext);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testArrayMaxCustom(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      System.setProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(128));
+      resetLimits();
+      Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+          () -> newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).readArrayStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+      // Two OK reads followed by going over the custom limit.
+      Decoder bd = newDecoder(useDirect, 118, 10, 1);
+      Assertions.assertEquals(118, bd.readArrayStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(10, bd.arrayNext());
+      ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, bd::arrayNext);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Collection length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+
+      // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit, where negative numbers are
+      // followed by the byte length of the items. For testing, the 999 values are
+      // read but ignored.
+      bd = newDecoder(useDirect, -118, 999, -10, 999, 1);
+      Assertions.assertEquals(118, bd.readArrayStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(10, bd.arrayNext());
+      ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, bd::arrayNext);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Collection length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
 
-    Assert.assertThrows("Cannot read arrays longer than " + BinaryDecoder.MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + " bytes",
-        UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> bd.readBytes(null));
+    } finally {
+      System.clearProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+      resetLimits();
+    }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testBytesMaxLengthProperty() throws IOException {
-    int maxLength = 128;
-    byte[] bad = new byte[10];
-    BinaryData.encodeLong(maxLength + 1, bad, 0);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testMapVmMaxSize(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    // At start
+    Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).readMapStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Next
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> this.newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).mapNext());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit.
+    Decoder bd = newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, 100, 1);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, bd.readMapStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, bd.mapNext());
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::mapNext);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+    // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit, where negative numbers are
+    // followed by the byte length of the items. For testing, the 999 values are
+    // read but ignored.
+    bd = newDecoder(useDirect, 100 - MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT, 999, -100, 999, 1);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT - 100, bd.readMapStart());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(100, bd.mapNext());
+    ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::mapNext);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  public void testMapMaxCustom(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
     try {
-      System.setProperty("org.apache.avro.limits.bytes.maxLength", Long.toString(maxLength));
-      Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
+      System.setProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(128));
+      resetLimits();
+      Exception ex = Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+          () -> newDecoder(useDirect, MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1).readMapStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(ERROR_VM_LIMIT_COLLECTION, ex.getMessage());
+
+      // Two OK reads followed by going over the custom limit.
+      Decoder bd = newDecoder(useDirect, 118, 10, 1);
+      Assertions.assertEquals(118, bd.readMapStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(10, bd.mapNext());
+      ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, bd::mapNext);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Collection length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+
+      // Two OK reads followed by going over the VM limit, where negative numbers are
+      // followed by the byte length of the items. For testing, the 999 values are
+      // read but ignored.
+      bd = newDecoder(useDirect, -118, 999, -10, 999, 1);
+      Assertions.assertEquals(118, bd.readMapStart());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(10, bd.mapNext());
+      ex = Assertions.assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, bd::mapNext);
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Collection length 129 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
 
-      Assert.assertThrows("Bytes length " + (maxLength + 1) + " exceeds maximum allowed", AvroRuntimeException.class,
-          () -> bd.readBytes(null));
     } finally {
-      System.clearProperty("org.apache.avro.limits.bytes.maxLength");
+      System.clearProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_COLLECTION_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+      resetLimits();
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
-  public void testLongLengthEncoding() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void longLengthEncoding(boolean useDirect) {
     // Size equivalent to Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1
     byte[] bad = new byte[] { (byte) -128, (byte) -128, (byte) -128, (byte) -128, (byte) 16 };
-    Decoder bd = factory.binaryDecoder(bad, null);
-    bd.readString();
+    Decoder bd = this.newDecoder(bad, useDirect);
+    Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, bd::readString);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testIntTooShort() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void intTooShort(boolean useDirect) {
     byte[] badint = new byte[4];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    newDecoder(badint).readInt();
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoder(badint, useDirect).readInt());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testLongTooShort() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void longTooShort(boolean useDirect) {
     byte[] badint = new byte[9];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    newDecoder(badint).readLong();
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoder(badint, useDirect).readLong());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testFloatTooShort() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void floatTooShort(boolean useDirect) {
     byte[] badint = new byte[3];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    newDecoder(badint).readInt();
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoder(badint, useDirect).readInt());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testDoubleTooShort() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void doubleTooShort(boolean useDirect) {
     byte[] badint = new byte[7];
     Arrays.fill(badint, (byte) 0xff);
-    newDecoder(badint).readLong();
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> newDecoder(badint, useDirect).readLong());
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSkipping() throws IOException {
-    Decoder d = newDecoder(data);
-    skipGenerated(d);
-    if (d instanceof BinaryDecoder) {
-      BinaryDecoder bd = (BinaryDecoder) d;
-      try {
-        Assert.assertTrue(bd.isEnd());
-      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
-        // this is ok if its a DirectBinaryDecoder.
-        if (bd.getClass() != DirectBinaryDecoder.class) {
-          throw e;
-        }
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void skipping(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
+    BinaryDecoder bd = newDecoder(data, useDirect);
+    skipGenerated(bd);
+
+    try {
+      Assertions.assertTrue(bd.isEnd());
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // this is ok if its a DirectBinaryDecoder.
+      if (bd.getClass() != DirectBinaryDecoder.class) {
+        throw e;
       }
-      bd = factory.binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd);
-      skipGenerated(bd);
-      try {
-        Assert.assertTrue(bd.isEnd());
-      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
-        // this is ok if its a DirectBinaryDecoder.
-        if (bd.getClass() != DirectBinaryDecoder.class) {
-          throw e;
-        }
+    }
+    bd = this.newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), bd, useDirect);
+    skipGenerated(bd);
+    try {
+      Assertions.assertTrue(bd.isEnd());
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // this is ok if its a DirectBinaryDecoder.
+      if (bd.getClass() != DirectBinaryDecoder.class) {
+        throw e;
       }
     }
+
   }
 
   private void skipGenerated(Decoder bd) throws IOException {
@@ -468,6 +661,7 @@ private void skipGenerated(Decoder bd) throws IOException {
       // booleans are one byte, array trailer is one byte
       bd.skipFixed((int) leftover + 1);
       bd.skipFixed(0);
+      bd.skipFixed(-8); // Should be a no-op; see AVRO-3635
       bd.readLong();
     }
     EOFException eof = null;
@@ -476,19 +670,42 @@ private void skipGenerated(Decoder bd) throws IOException {
     } catch (EOFException e) {
       eof = e;
     }
-    Assert.assertTrue(null != eof);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(eof);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
-  public void testEOF() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(booleans = { true, false })
+  void eof(boolean useDirect) throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     Encoder e = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(baos, null);
     e.writeLong(0x10000000000000L);
     e.flush();
 
-    Decoder d = newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()));
-    Assert.assertEquals(0x10000000000000L, d.readLong());
-    d.readInt();
+    Decoder d = newDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()), useDirect);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0x10000000000000L, d.readLong());
+    Assertions.assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> d.readInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFloatPrecision() throws Exception {
+    String def = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X\",\"fields\":" + "[{\"type\":\"float\",\"name\":\"n\"}]}";
+    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(def);
+    DatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
+
+    float value = 33.33000183105469f;
+
+    GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    record.put(0, value);
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+
+    DatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    writer.write(record, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().directBinaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray()), null);
+    GenericRecord r = reader.read(null, decoder);
+    assertEquals(value + 0d, ((float) r.get("n")) + 0d);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryEncoderFidelity.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryEncoderFidelity.java
index f452c8b29b7..1f699ea8266 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryEncoderFidelity.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBinaryEncoderFidelity.java
@@ -17,15 +17,17 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Random;
 
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestBinaryEncoderFidelity {
 
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ static void generateComplexData(Encoder e) throws IOException {
     e.flush();
   }
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void generateLegacyData() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     Encoder e = new LegacyBinaryEncoder(baos);
@@ -150,49 +152,91 @@ public static void generateLegacyData() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
+  void binaryEncoder() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     BinaryEncoder e = factory.binaryEncoder(baos, null);
     generateData(e, true);
     byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
+    assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
     baos.reset();
     generateComplexData(e);
     byte[] result2 = baos.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(complexdata.length, result2.length);
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(complexdata, result2);
+    assertEquals(complexdata.length, result2.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(complexdata, result2);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDirectBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
+  void directBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     BinaryEncoder e = factory.directBinaryEncoder(baos, null);
     generateData(e, true);
     byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
+    assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
+    baos.reset();
+    generateComplexData(e);
+    byte[] result2 = baos.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(complexdata.length, result2.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(complexdata, result2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void blockingDirectBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    BinaryEncoder e = factory.blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(baos, null);
+    generateData(e, true);
+
+    byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
     baos.reset();
+
     generateComplexData(e);
     byte[] result2 = baos.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(complexdata.length, result2.length);
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(complexdata, result2);
+    // blocking will cause different length, should be two bytes larger
+    assertEquals(complexdata.length + 2, result2.length);
+    // the first byte is the array start, with the count of items negative
+    assertEquals(complexdata[0] >>> 1, result2[0]);
+    baos.reset();
+
+    e.writeArrayStart();
+    e.setItemCount(1);
+    e.startItem();
+    e.writeInt(1);
+    e.writeArrayEnd();
+
+    // 1: 1 element in the array
+    // 2: 1 byte for the int
+    // 3: zigzag encoded int
+    // 4: 0 elements in the next block
+    assertArrayEquals(baos.toByteArray(), new byte[] { 1, 2, 2, 0 });
+    baos.reset();
+
+    e.writeArrayStart();
+    e.setItemCount(0);
+    e.writeArrayEnd();
+
+    // This is correct
+    // 0: 0 elements in the block
+    assertArrayEquals(baos.toByteArray(), new byte[] { 0 });
+    baos.reset();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBlockingBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
+  void blockingBinaryEncoder() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     BinaryEncoder e = factory.blockingBinaryEncoder(baos, null);
     generateData(e, true);
     byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
-    Assert.assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
+    assertEquals(legacydata.length, result.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(legacydata, result);
     baos.reset();
     generateComplexData(e);
     byte[] result2 = baos.toByteArray();
     // blocking will cause different length, should be two bytes larger
-    Assert.assertEquals(complexdata.length + 2, result2.length);
+    assertEquals(complexdata.length + 2, result2.length);
     // the first byte is the array start, with the count of items negative
-    Assert.assertEquals(complexdata[0] >>> 1, result2[0]);
+    assertEquals(complexdata[0] >>> 1, result2[0]);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fee4c23e198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingDirectBinaryEncoder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.io;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaNormalization;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasEntry;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+public class TestBlockingDirectBinaryEncoder {
+
+  private void writeToArray(BinaryEncoder encoder, int[] numbers) throws IOException {
+    encoder.writeArrayStart();
+    encoder.setItemCount(numbers.length);
+    for (int number : numbers) {
+      encoder.startItem();
+      encoder.writeString(Integer.toString(number));
+    }
+    encoder.writeArrayEnd();
+  }
+
+  private void writeToMap(BinaryEncoder encoder, long[] numbers) throws IOException {
+    encoder.writeMapStart();
+    encoder.setItemCount(numbers.length);
+    for (long number : numbers) {
+      encoder.startItem();
+      encoder.writeString(Long.toString(number));
+      encoder.writeLong(number);
+    }
+    encoder.writeMapEnd();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void blockingDirectBinaryEncoder() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(baos, null);
+
+    // This is needed because there is no BlockingDirectBinaryEncoder
+    // BinaryMessageWriter
+    // available out of the box
+    encoder.writeFixed(new byte[] { (byte) 0xC3, (byte) 0x01 });
+    encoder.writeFixed(SchemaNormalization.parsingFingerprint("CRC-64-AVRO", TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.SCHEMA$));
+
+    // Array
+    this.writeToArray(encoder, new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
+
+    // Map
+    writeToMap(encoder, new long[] { 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L });
+
+    // Nested Array
+
+    encoder.writeArrayStart();
+    encoder.setItemCount(2);
+    this.writeToArray(encoder, new int[] { 1, 2 });
+    this.writeToArray(encoder, new int[] { 3, 4, 5 });
+    encoder.writeArrayEnd();
+
+    // Nested Map
+
+    encoder.writeMapStart();
+    encoder.setItemCount(2);
+    encoder.writeString("first");
+    this.writeToMap(encoder, new long[] { 1L, 2L });
+    encoder.writeString("second");
+    this.writeToMap(encoder, new long[] { 3L, 4L, 5L });
+    encoder.writeMapEnd();
+
+    // Read
+
+    encoder.flush();
+
+    BinaryMessageDecoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> decoder = TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.getDecoder();
+    TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays r = decoder.decode(baos.toByteArray());
+
+    assertThat(r.getArr(), is(Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3", "4", "5")));
+    Map<String, Long> map = r.getMap();
+    assertThat(map.size(), is(5));
+    for (long i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+      assertThat(map.get(Long.toString(i)), is(i));
+    }
+
+    assertThat(r.getNestedArr(), is(Arrays.asList(Arrays.asList("1", "2"), Arrays.asList("3", "4", "5"))));
+
+    Map<String, Map<String, Long>> nestedMap = r.getNestedMap();
+    assertThat(nestedMap.size(), is(2));
+
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("first").size(), is(2));
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("first").get("1"), is(1L));
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("first").get("2"), is(2L));
+
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("second").size(), is(3));
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("second").get("3"), is(3L));
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("second").get("4"), is(4L));
+    assertThat(nestedMap.get("second").get("5"), is(5L));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSkippingUsingBlocks() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    // Create an empty schema for read, so we skip over all the fields
+    Schema emptySchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
+        "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[]}");
+
+    GenericDatumReader<?> in = new GenericDatumReader<>(TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.SCHEMA$, emptySchema);
+    Decoder mockDecoder = mock(BinaryDecoder.class);
+
+    for (long i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
+      in.read(null, mockDecoder);
+    }
+
+    verify(mockDecoder, times(2)).skipMap();
+    verify(mockDecoder, times(2)).skipArray();
+    verify(mockDecoder, times(0)).readString();
+    verify(mockDecoder, times(0)).readLong();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO.java
index 6beda2ae66e..d107b9d82d7 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO.java
@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -25,28 +30,14 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestBlockingIO {
 
-  private final int iSize;
-  private final int iDepth;
-  private final String sInput;
-
-  public TestBlockingIO(int sz, int dp, String inp) {
-    this.iSize = sz;
-    this.iDepth = dp;
-    this.sInput = inp;
-  }
-
   private static class Tests {
     private final JsonParser parser;
     private final Decoder input;
@@ -206,25 +197,29 @@ public S(long count, boolean isArray) {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testScan() throws IOException {
-    Tests t = new Tests(iSize, iDepth, sInput);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testScan(int size, int depth, String input) throws IOException {
+    Tests t = new Tests(size, depth, input);
     t.scan();
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSkip1() throws IOException {
-    testSkip(iSize, iDepth, sInput, 0);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testSkip1(int size, int depth, String input) throws IOException {
+    testSkip(size, depth, input, 0);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSkip2() throws IOException {
-    testSkip(iSize, iDepth, sInput, 1);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testSkip2(int size, int depth, String input) throws IOException {
+    testSkip(size, depth, input, 1);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSkip3() throws IOException {
-    testSkip(iSize, iDepth, sInput, 2);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testSkip3(int size, int depth, String input) throws IOException {
+    testSkip(size, depth, input, 2);
   }
 
   private void testSkip(int bufferSize, int depth, String input, int skipLevel) throws IOException {
@@ -323,9 +318,8 @@ private static void serialize(Encoder cos, JsonParser p, ByteArrayOutputStream o
     }
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { 64, 0, "" }, { 64, 0, jss(0, 'a') }, { 64, 0, jss(3, 'a') },
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(new Object[][] { { 64, 0, "" }, { 64, 0, jss(0, 'a') }, { 64, 0, jss(3, 'a') },
         { 64, 0, jss(64, 'a') }, { 64, 0, jss(65, 'a') }, { 64, 0, jss(100, 'a') }, { 64, 1, "[]" },
         { 64, 1, "[" + jss(0, 'a') + "]" }, { 64, 1, "[" + jss(3, 'a') + "]" }, { 64, 1, "[" + jss(61, 'a') + "]" },
         { 64, 1, "[" + jss(62, 'a') + "]" }, { 64, 1, "[" + jss(64, 'a') + "]" }, { 64, 1, "[" + jss(65, 'a') + "]" },
@@ -387,7 +381,8 @@ public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
         { 100, 2, "[[\"pqr\", \"ab\", \"mnopqrstuvwx\"]]" }, { 64, 2, "[[[\"pqr\"]], [[\"ab\"], [\"mnopqrstuvwx\"]]]" },
 
         { 64, 1, "{}" }, { 64, 1, "{\"n\": \"v\"}" }, { 64, 1, "{\"n1\": \"v\", \"n2\": []}" },
-        { 100, 1, "{\"n1\": \"v\", \"n2\": []}" }, { 100, 1, "{\"n1\": \"v\", \"n2\": [\"abc\"]}" }, });
+        { 100, 1, "{\"n1\": \"v\", \"n2\": []}" }, { 100, 1, "{\"n1\": \"v\", \"n2\": [\"abc\"]}" }, })
+        .map(Arguments::of);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO2.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO2.java
index 3a91bb96dea..378e17ee613 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO2.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestBlockingIO2.java
@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 /**
  * This class has more exhaustive tests for Blocking IO. The reason we have both
@@ -32,38 +31,29 @@
  * TestBlockingIO2, it is hard to test skip() operations. and with the test
  * infrastructure of TestBlockingIO, it is hard to test enums, unions etc.
  */
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestBlockingIO2 {
-  private final Decoder decoder;
-  private final String calls;
-  private Object[] values;
-  private String msg;
-
-  public TestBlockingIO2(int bufferSize, int skipLevel, String calls) throws IOException {
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testScan(int bufferSize, int skipLevel, String calls) throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     EncoderFactory factory = new EncoderFactory().configureBlockSize(bufferSize);
     Encoder encoder = factory.blockingBinaryEncoder(os, null);
-    this.values = TestValidatingIO.randomValues(calls);
+    Object[] values = TestValidatingIO.randomValues(calls);
 
     TestValidatingIO.generate(encoder, calls, values);
     encoder.flush();
 
     byte[] bb = os.toByteArray();
 
-    decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(bb, null);
-    this.calls = calls;
-    this.msg = "Case: { " + bufferSize + ", " + skipLevel + ", \"" + calls + "\" }";
-  }
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(bb, null);
+    String msg = "Case: { " + bufferSize + ", " + skipLevel + ", \"" + calls + "\" }";
 
-  @Test
-  public void testScan() throws IOException {
     TestValidatingIO.check(msg, decoder, calls, values, -1);
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { 64, 0, "" }, { 64, 0, "S0" }, { 64, 0, "S3" }, { 64, 0, "S64" },
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return Stream.of(new Object[][] { { 64, 0, "" }, { 64, 0, "S0" }, { 64, 0, "S3" }, { 64, 0, "S64" },
         { 64, 0, "S65" }, { 64, 0, "S100" }, { 64, 1, "[]" }, { 64, 1, "[c1sS0]" }, { 64, 1, "[c1sS3]" },
         { 64, 1, "[c1sS61]" }, { 64, 1, "[c1sS62]" }, { 64, 1, "[c1sS64]" }, { 64, 1, "[c1sS65]" },
         { 64, 1, "[c2sS0sS0]" }, { 64, 1, "[c2sS0sS10]" }, { 64, 1, "[c2sS0sS63]" }, { 64, 1, "[c2sS0sS64]" },
@@ -99,6 +89,6 @@ public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
 
         { 100, 1, "{c1sK5e10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5U1S10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5f10S10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5NS10}" },
         { 100, 1, "{c1sK5BS10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5IS10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5LS10}" }, { 100, 1, "{c1sK5FS10}" },
-        { 100, 1, "{c1sK5DS10}" }, });
+        { 100, 1, "{c1sK5DS10}" }, }).map(Arguments::of);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestEncoders.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestEncoders.java
index f3a0760d82e..51ef375e307 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestEncoders.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestEncoders.java
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -47,89 +47,114 @@
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
 public class TestEncoders {
   private static final int ENCODER_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
   private static final int EXAMPLE_DATA_SIZE = 17;
 
-  private static EncoderFactory factory = EncoderFactory.get();
+  private static final EncoderFactory FACTORY = EncoderFactory.get();
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public Path dataDir;
 
   @Test
-  public void testBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+  void binaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    BinaryEncoder enc = factory.binaryEncoder(out, null);
-    Assert.assertSame(enc, factory.binaryEncoder(out, enc));
+    BinaryEncoder enc = FACTORY.binaryEncoder(out, null);
+    assertSame(enc, FACTORY.binaryEncoder(out, enc));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testBadBinaryEncoderInit() {
-    factory.binaryEncoder(null, null);
+  @Test
+  void badBinaryEncoderInit() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.binaryEncoder(null, null);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBlockingBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+  void blockingBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     BinaryEncoder reuse = null;
-    reuse = factory.blockingBinaryEncoder(out, reuse);
-    Assert.assertSame(reuse, factory.blockingBinaryEncoder(out, reuse));
+    reuse = FACTORY.blockingBinaryEncoder(out, reuse);
+    assertSame(reuse, FACTORY.blockingBinaryEncoder(out, reuse));
     // comparison
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testBadBlockintBinaryEncoderInit() {
-    factory.binaryEncoder(null, null);
+  @Test
+  void badBlockintBinaryEncoderInit() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.binaryEncoder(null, null);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDirectBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+  void directBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    BinaryEncoder enc = factory.directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
-    Assert.assertSame(enc, factory.directBinaryEncoder(out, enc));
+    BinaryEncoder enc = FACTORY.directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+    assertSame(enc, FACTORY.directBinaryEncoder(out, enc));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testBadDirectBinaryEncoderInit() {
-    factory.directBinaryEncoder(null, null);
+  @Test
+  void badDirectBinaryEncoderInit() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.directBinaryEncoder(null, null);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+  void blockingDirectBinaryEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    BinaryEncoder enc = FACTORY.blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+    assertSame(enc, FACTORY.blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(out, enc));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void badBlockingDirectBinaryEncoderInit() {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.blockingDirectBinaryEncoder(null, null);
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void jsonEncoderInit() throws IOException {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("\"int\"");
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    factory.jsonEncoder(s, out);
-    JsonEncoder enc = factory.jsonEncoder(s, new JsonFactory().createGenerator(out, JsonEncoding.UTF8));
+    FACTORY.jsonEncoder(s, out);
+    JsonEncoder enc = FACTORY.jsonEncoder(s, new JsonFactory().createGenerator(out, JsonEncoding.UTF8));
     enc.configure(out);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testBadJsonEncoderInitOS() throws IOException {
-    factory.jsonEncoder(Schema.create(Type.INT), (OutputStream) null);
+  @Test
+  void badJsonEncoderInitOS() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.jsonEncoder(Schema.create(Type.INT), (OutputStream) null);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-  public void testBadJsonEncoderInit() throws IOException {
-    factory.jsonEncoder(Schema.create(Type.INT), (JsonGenerator) null);
+  @Test
+  void badJsonEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
+      FACTORY.jsonEncoder(Schema.create(Type.INT), (JsonGenerator) null);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonEncoderNewlineDelimited() throws IOException {
+  void jsonEncoderNewlineDelimited() throws IOException {
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     Schema ints = Schema.create(Type.INT);
-    Encoder e = factory.jsonEncoder(ints, out);
+    Encoder e = FACTORY.jsonEncoder(ints, out);
     String separator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
     GenericDatumWriter<Integer> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(ints);
     writer.write(1, e);
     writer.write(2, e);
     e.flush();
-    Assert.assertEquals("1" + separator + "2", out.toString());
+    assertEquals("1" + separator + "2", out.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsFalse() throws IOException {
+  void jsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsFalse() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": {\"string\":\"myVal\"}, \"a\": 1}";
     String schemaStr = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": [\"null\", \"string\"]}" + "]}";
@@ -137,12 +162,12 @@ public void testJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsFalse() throws IOExceptio
     byte[] avroBytes = fromJsonToAvro(value, schema);
     ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(mapper.readTree("{\"b\":\"myVal\",\"a\":1}"),
+    assertEquals(mapper.readTree("{\"b\":\"myVal\",\"a\":1}"),
         mapper.readTree(fromAvroToJson(avroBytes, schema, false)));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsTrue() throws IOException {
+  void jsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsTrue() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": {\"string\":\"myVal\"}, \"a\": 1}";
     String schemaStr = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": [\"null\", \"string\"]}" + "]}";
@@ -150,45 +175,47 @@ public void testJsonEncoderWhenIncludeNamespaceOptionIsTrue() throws IOException
     byte[] avroBytes = fromJsonToAvro(value, schema);
     ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(mapper.readTree("{\"b\":{\"string\":\"myVal\"},\"a\":1}"),
+    assertEquals(mapper.readTree("{\"b\":{\"string\":\"myVal\"},\"a\":1}"),
         mapper.readTree(fromAvroToJson(avroBytes, schema, true)));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testValidatingEncoderInit() throws IOException {
+  void validatingEncoderInit() throws IOException {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("\"int\"");
     OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    Encoder e = factory.directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
-    factory.validatingEncoder(s, e).configure(e);
+    Encoder e = FACTORY.directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+    FACTORY.validatingEncoder(s, e).configure(e);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonRecordOrdering() throws IOException {
+  void jsonRecordOrdering() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": 2, \"a\": 1}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": \"int\"}, {\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}");
     GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, value);
     Object o = reader.read(null, decoder);
-    Assert.assertEquals("{\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}", o.toString());
+    assertEquals("{\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}", o.toString());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testJsonExcessFields() throws IOException {
-    String value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a0\": 45, \"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
-    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
-        + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
-        + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}},\n"
-        + "{\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"B\",\"fields\":\n"
-        + "[{\"name\":\"b1\", \"type\":\"string\"}, {\"name\":\"b2\", \"type\":\"float\"}, {\"name\":\"b3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}}\n"
-        + "]}");
-    GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
-    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, value);
-    reader.read(null, decoder);
+  @Test
+  void jsonExcessFields() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      String value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a0\": 45, \"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
+      Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
+          + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
+          + "[{\"name\":\"a1\", \"type\":\"null\"}, {\"name\":\"a2\", \"type\":\"boolean\"}]}},\n"
+          + "{\"name\": \"b\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"B\",\"fields\":\n"
+          + "[{\"name\":\"b1\", \"type\":\"string\"}, {\"name\":\"b2\", \"type\":\"float\"}, {\"name\":\"b3\", \"type\":\"double\"}]}}\n"
+          + "]}");
+      GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
+      Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, value);
+      reader.read(null, decoder);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonRecordOrdering2() throws IOException {
+  void jsonRecordOrdering2() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
@@ -199,12 +226,12 @@ public void testJsonRecordOrdering2() throws IOException {
     GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, value);
     Object o = reader.read(null, decoder);
-    Assert.assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}, \"b\": {\"b1\": \"h\", \"b2\": 3.14, \"b3\": 1.4}}",
+    assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}, \"b\": {\"b1\": \"h\", \"b2\": 3.14, \"b3\": 1.4}}",
         o.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection() throws IOException {
+  void jsonRecordOrderingWithProjection() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": { \"b3\": 1.4, \"b2\": 3.14, \"b1\": \"h\"}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
     Schema writerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
@@ -218,11 +245,11 @@ public void testJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection() throws IOException {
     GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(writerSchema, value);
     Object o = reader.read(null, decoder);
-    Assert.assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}}", o.toString());
+    assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}}", o.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection2() throws IOException {
+  void jsonRecordOrderingWithProjection2() throws IOException {
     String value = "{\"b\": { \"b1\": \"h\", \"b2\": [3.14, 3.56], \"b3\": 1.4}, \"a\": {\"a2\":true, \"a1\": null}}";
     Schema writerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ab\", \"fields\": [\n"
         + "{\"name\": \"a\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"A\",\"fields\":\n"
@@ -236,19 +263,19 @@ public void testJsonRecordOrderingWithProjection2() throws IOException {
     GenericDatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(writerSchema, value);
     Object o = reader.read(null, decoder);
-    Assert.assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}}", o.toString());
+    assertEquals("{\"a\": {\"a1\": null, \"a2\": true}}", o.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayBackedByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+  void arrayBackedByteBuffer() throws IOException {
     ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(someBytes(EXAMPLE_DATA_SIZE));
 
     testWithBuffer(buffer);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMappedByteBuffer() throws IOException {
-    Path file = Paths.get(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "testMappedByteBuffer.avro");
+  void mappedByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+    Path file = dataDir.resolve("testMappedByteBuffer.avro");
     Files.write(file, someBytes(EXAMPLE_DATA_SIZE));
     MappedByteBuffer buffer = FileChannel.open(file, StandardOpenOption.READ).map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0,
         EXAMPLE_DATA_SIZE);
@@ -311,7 +338,7 @@ private String fromAvroToJson(byte[] avroBytes, Schema schema, boolean includeNa
     DatumWriter<Object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
     ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 
-    JsonEncoder encoder = factory.jsonEncoder(schema, output);
+    JsonEncoder encoder = FACTORY.jsonEncoder(schema, output);
     encoder.setIncludeNamespace(includeNamespace);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(avroBytes, null);
     Object datum = reader.read(null, decoder);
@@ -321,4 +348,35 @@ private String fromAvroToJson(byte[] avroBytes, Schema schema, boolean includeNa
 
     return new String(output.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testJsonEncoderInitAutoFlush() throws IOException {
+    Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("\"int\"");
+    OutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(baos);
+    JsonEncoder enc = FACTORY.jsonEncoder(s, out, false);
+    enc.configure(out, false);
+    enc.writeInt(24);
+    enc.flush();
+    assertEquals("", baos.toString());
+    out.flush();
+    assertEquals("24", baos.toString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testJsonEncoderInitAutoFlushDisabled() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(baos);
+    Schema ints = Schema.create(Type.INT);
+    Encoder e = FACTORY.jsonEncoder(ints, out, false, false);
+    String separator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
+    GenericDatumWriter<Integer> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<Integer>(ints);
+    writer.write(1, e);
+    writer.write(2, e);
+    e.flush();
+    assertEquals("", baos.toString());
+    out.flush();
+    assertEquals("1" + separator + "2", baos.toString());
+    out.close();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestJsonDecoder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestJsonDecoder.java
index 54fc4203080..1f44344e3aa 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestJsonDecoder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestJsonDecoder.java
@@ -17,31 +17,41 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 
 public class TestJsonDecoder {
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+  void testInt() throws Exception {
     checkNumeric("int", 1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+  void testLong() throws Exception {
     checkNumeric("long", 1L);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() throws Exception {
+  void testFloat() throws Exception {
     checkNumeric("float", 1.0F);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDouble() throws Exception {
+  void testDouble() throws Exception {
     checkNumeric("double", 1.0);
   }
 
@@ -55,24 +65,57 @@ private void checkNumeric(String type, Object value) throws Exception {
     for (String record : records) {
       Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, record);
       GenericRecord r = reader.read(null, decoder);
-      Assert.assertEquals(value, r.get("n"));
+      assertEquals(value, r.get("n"));
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testFloatPrecision() throws Exception {
+    String def = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X\",\"fields\":" + "[{\"type\":\"float\",\"name\":\"n\"}]}";
+    Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(def);
+    DatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
+
+    float value = 33.33000183105469f;
+    GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
+    record.put(0, value);
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    JsonEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, out);
+
+    DatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    writer.write(record, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+    // check the whole float precision is kept.
+    assertEquals("{\"n\":33.33000183105469}", out.toString());
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, out.toString());
+    GenericRecord r = reader.read(null, decoder);
+    assertEquals(value + 0d, ((float) r.get("n")) + 0d);
+  }
+
   // Ensure that even if the order of fields in JSON is different from the order
   // in schema,
   // it works.
   @Test
-  public void testReorderFields() throws Exception {
+  void reorderFields() throws Exception {
     String w = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"R\",\"fields\":" + "[{\"type\":\"long\",\"name\":\"l\"},"
         + "{\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"int\"},\"name\":\"a\"}" + "]}";
     Schema ws = new Schema.Parser().parse(w);
     DecoderFactory df = DecoderFactory.get();
     String data = "{\"a\":[1,2],\"l\":100}{\"l\": 200, \"a\":[1,2]}";
     JsonDecoder in = df.jsonDecoder(ws, data);
-    Assert.assertEquals(100, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(100, in.readLong());
     in.skipArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(200, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(200, in.readLong());
     in.skipArray();
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void testIntWithError() throws IOException {
+    Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.builder("test").record("example").fields().requiredInt("id").endRecord();
+    String record = "{ \"id\": -1.2 }";
+
+    GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema, schema);
+    JsonDecoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, record);
+    Assertions.assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> reader.read(null, decoder));
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIO.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIO.java
index c880d9fd55a..8a960427922 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIO.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIO.java
@@ -17,48 +17,34 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.io.TestValidatingIO.Encoding;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.io.TestValidatingIO.Encoding;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestResolvingIO {
 
-  protected final Encoding eEnc;
-  protected final int iSkipL;
-  protected final String sJsWrtSchm;
-  protected final String sWrtCls;
-  protected final String sJsRdrSchm;
-  protected final String sRdrCls;
-
-  public TestResolvingIO(Encoding encoding, int skipLevel, String jsonWriterSchema, String writerCalls,
-      String jsonReaderSchema, String readerCalls) {
-    this.eEnc = encoding;
-    this.iSkipL = skipLevel;
-    this.sJsWrtSchm = jsonWriterSchema;
-    this.sWrtCls = writerCalls;
-    this.sJsRdrSchm = jsonReaderSchema;
-    this.sRdrCls = readerCalls;
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testIdentical() throws IOException {
-    performTest(eEnc, iSkipL, sJsWrtSchm, sWrtCls, sJsWrtSchm, sWrtCls);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data2")
+  public void testIdentical(Encoding encoding, int skip, String jsonWriterSchema, String writerCalls,
+      String jsonReaderSchema, String readerCalls) throws IOException {
+    performTest(encoding, skip, jsonWriterSchema, writerCalls, jsonWriterSchema, writerCalls);
   }
 
   private static final int COUNT = 10;
 
-  @Test
-  public void testCompatible() throws IOException {
-    performTest(eEnc, iSkipL, sJsWrtSchm, sWrtCls, sJsRdrSchm, sRdrCls);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data2")
+  public void testCompatible(Encoding encoding, int skip, String jsonWriterSchema, String writerCalls,
+      String jsonReaderSchema, String readerCalls) throws IOException {
+    performTest(encoding, skip, jsonWriterSchema, writerCalls, jsonReaderSchema, readerCalls);
   }
 
   private void performTest(Encoding encoding, int skipLevel, String jsonWriterSchema, String writerCalls,
@@ -100,9 +86,8 @@ static void check(Schema wsc, Schema rsc, byte[] bytes, String calls, Object[] v
     TestValidatingIO.check(msg, vi, calls, values, skipLevel);
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data2() {
-    return Arrays.asList(TestValidatingIO.convertTo2dArray(encodings, skipLevels, testSchemas()));
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data2() {
+    return TestValidatingIO.convertTo2dStream(encodings, skipLevels, testSchemas());
   }
 
   static Object[][] encodings = new Object[][] { { Encoding.BINARY }, { Encoding.BLOCKING_BINARY }, { Encoding.JSON } };
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIOResolving.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIOResolving.java
index 8e3dc8e53d7..0a55d18a742 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIOResolving.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestResolvingIOResolving.java
@@ -17,53 +17,32 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
-public class TestResolvingIOResolving {
-  protected TestValidatingIO.Encoding eEnc;
-  protected final int iSkipL;
-  protected final String sJsWrtSchm;
-  protected final String sWrtCls;
-  protected final String sJsRdrSchm;
-  protected final String sRdrCls;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-  protected final Object[] oaWrtVals;
-  protected final Object[] oaRdrVals;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-  public TestResolvingIOResolving(TestValidatingIO.Encoding encoding, int skipLevel, String jsonWriterSchema,
-      String writerCalls, Object[] writerValues, String jsonReaderSchema, String readerCalls, Object[] readerValues) {
-    this.eEnc = encoding;
-    this.iSkipL = skipLevel;
-    this.sJsWrtSchm = jsonWriterSchema;
-    this.sWrtCls = writerCalls;
-    this.oaWrtVals = writerValues;
-    this.sJsRdrSchm = jsonReaderSchema;
-    this.sRdrCls = readerCalls;
-    this.oaRdrVals = readerValues;
-  }
+public class TestResolvingIOResolving {
 
-  @Test
-  public void testResolving() throws IOException {
-    Schema writerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(sJsWrtSchm);
-    byte[] bytes = TestValidatingIO.make(writerSchema, sWrtCls, oaWrtVals, eEnc);
-    Schema readerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(sJsRdrSchm);
-    TestValidatingIO.print(eEnc, iSkipL, writerSchema, readerSchema, oaWrtVals, oaRdrVals);
-    TestResolvingIO.check(writerSchema, readerSchema, bytes, sRdrCls, oaRdrVals, eEnc, iSkipL);
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data3")
+  public void testResolving(TestValidatingIO.Encoding encoding, int skipLevel, String jsonWriterSchema,
+      String writerCalls, Object[] writerValues, String jsonReaderSchema, String readerCalls, Object[] readerValues)
+      throws IOException {
+    Schema writerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonWriterSchema);
+    byte[] bytes = TestValidatingIO.make(writerSchema, writerCalls, writerValues, encoding);
+    Schema readerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonReaderSchema);
+    TestValidatingIO.print(encoding, skipLevel, writerSchema, readerSchema, writerValues, readerValues);
+    TestResolvingIO.check(writerSchema, readerSchema, bytes, readerCalls, readerValues, encoding, skipLevel);
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data3() {
-    Collection<Object[]> ret = Arrays.asList(TestValidatingIO.convertTo2dArray(TestResolvingIO.encodings,
-        TestResolvingIO.skipLevels, dataForResolvingTests()));
-    return ret;
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data3() {
+    return TestValidatingIO.convertTo2dStream(TestResolvingIO.encodings, TestResolvingIO.skipLevels,
+        dataForResolvingTests());
   }
 
   private static Object[][] dataForResolvingTests() {
@@ -101,7 +80,7 @@ private static Object[][] dataForResolvingTests() {
             "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\": \"g1\", "
                 + "\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"inner\",\"fields\":["
                 + "{\"name\":\"f1\", \"type\":\"int\", \"default\": 101}," + "{\"name\":\"f2\", \"type\":\"int\"}]}}, "
-                + "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}}",
+                + "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}",
             "RRIIL", new Object[] { 10, 101, 11L } },
         // Default value for a record.
         { "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"outer\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\": \"g2\", \"type\": \"long\"}]}", "L",
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestValidatingIO.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestValidatingIO.java
index 3056d5430af..063414fbb43 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestValidatingIO.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/TestValidatingIO.java
@@ -17,9 +17,15 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -27,20 +33,14 @@
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import java.util.Spliterator;
+import java.util.Spliterators;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestValidatingIO {
   enum Encoding {
     BINARY, BLOCKING_BINARY, JSON,
@@ -48,30 +48,19 @@ enum Encoding {
 
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestValidatingIO.class);
 
-  private Encoding eEnc;
-  private int iSkipL;
-  private String sJsSch;
-  private String sCl;
-
-  public TestValidatingIO(Encoding enc, int skip, String js, String cls) {
-    this.eEnc = enc;
-    this.iSkipL = skip;
-    this.sJsSch = js;
-    this.sCl = cls;
-  }
-
   private static final int COUNT = 1;
 
-  @Test
-  public void testMain() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  public void testMain(Encoding enc, int skip, String js, String cls) throws IOException {
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
-      testOnce(new Schema.Parser().parse(sJsSch), sCl, iSkipL, eEnc);
+      testOnce(new Schema.Parser().parse(js), cls, skip, enc);
     }
   }
 
   private void testOnce(Schema schema, String calls, int skipLevel, Encoding encoding) throws IOException {
     Object[] values = randomValues(calls);
-    print(eEnc, iSkipL, schema, schema, values, values);
+    print(encoding, skipLevel, schema, schema, values, values);
     byte[] bytes = make(schema, calls, values, encoding);
     check(schema, bytes, calls, values, skipLevel, encoding);
   }
@@ -204,7 +193,7 @@ public static void generate(Encoder vw, String calls, Object[] values) throws IO
         break;
       }
       default:
-        fail();
+        Assertions.fail();
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -254,7 +243,7 @@ public static Object[] randomValues(String calls) {
       case 's':
         break;
       default:
-        fail();
+        Assertions.fail();
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -324,25 +313,25 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
           vi.readNull();
           break;
         case 'B':
-          assertEquals(msg, values[p++], vi.readBoolean());
+          Assertions.assertEquals(values[p++], vi.readBoolean(), msg);
           break;
         case 'I':
-          assertEquals(msg, values[p++], vi.readInt());
+          Assertions.assertEquals(values[p++], vi.readInt(), msg);
           break;
         case 'L':
-          assertEquals(msg, values[p++], vi.readLong());
+          Assertions.assertEquals(values[p++], vi.readLong(), msg);
           break;
         case 'F':
           if (!(values[p] instanceof Float))
-            fail();
+            Assertions.fail();
           float f = (Float) values[p++];
-          assertEquals(msg, f, vi.readFloat(), Math.abs(f / 1000));
+          Assertions.assertEquals(f, vi.readFloat(), Math.abs(f / 1000));
           break;
         case 'D':
           if (!(values[p] instanceof Double))
-            fail();
+            Assertions.fail();
           double d = (Double) values[p++];
-          assertEquals(msg, d, vi.readDouble(), Math.abs(d / 1000));
+          Assertions.assertEquals(d, vi.readDouble(), Math.abs(d / 1000), msg);
           break;
         case 'S':
           extractInt(cs);
@@ -351,7 +340,7 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
             p++;
           } else {
             String s = (String) values[p++];
-            assertEquals(msg, new Utf8(s), vi.readString(null));
+            Assertions.assertEquals(new Utf8(s), vi.readString(null), msg);
           }
           break;
         case 'K':
@@ -361,7 +350,7 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
             p++;
           } else {
             String s = (String) values[p++];
-            assertEquals(msg, new Utf8(s), vi.readString(null));
+            Assertions.assertEquals(new Utf8(s), vi.readString(null), msg);
           }
           break;
         case 'b':
@@ -374,7 +363,7 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
             ByteBuffer bb2 = vi.readBytes(null);
             byte[] actBytes = new byte[bb2.remaining()];
             System.arraycopy(bb2.array(), bb2.position(), actBytes, 0, bb2.remaining());
-            assertArrayEquals(msg, bb, actBytes);
+            Assertions.assertArrayEquals(bb, actBytes, msg);
           }
           break;
         case 'f': {
@@ -386,7 +375,7 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
             byte[] bb = (byte[]) values[p++];
             byte[] actBytes = new byte[len];
             vi.readFixed(actBytes);
-            assertArrayEquals(msg, bb, actBytes);
+            Assertions.assertArrayEquals(bb, actBytes, msg);
           }
         }
           break;
@@ -395,7 +384,7 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
           if (level == skipLevel) {
             vi.readEnum();
           } else {
-            assertEquals(msg, e, vi.readEnum());
+            Assertions.assertEquals(e, vi.readEnum(), msg);
           }
         }
           break;
@@ -422,16 +411,16 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
             continue;
           }
         case ']':
-          assertEquals(msg, 0, counts[level]);
+          Assertions.assertEquals(0, counts[level], msg);
           if (!isEmpty[level]) {
-            assertEquals(msg, 0, vi.arrayNext());
+            Assertions.assertEquals(0, vi.arrayNext(), msg);
           }
           level--;
           break;
         case '}':
-          assertEquals(0, counts[level]);
+          Assertions.assertEquals(0, counts[level]);
           if (!isEmpty[level]) {
-            assertEquals(msg, 0, vi.mapNext());
+            Assertions.assertEquals(0, vi.mapNext(), msg);
           }
           level--;
           break;
@@ -450,28 +439,28 @@ public static void check(String msg, Decoder vi, String calls, Object[] values,
           continue;
         case 'U': {
           int idx = extractInt(cs);
-          assertEquals(msg, idx, vi.readIndex());
+          Assertions.assertEquals(idx, vi.readIndex(), msg);
           continue;
         }
         case 'R':
           ((ResolvingDecoder) vi).readFieldOrder();
           continue;
         default:
-          fail(msg);
+          Assertions.fail(msg);
         }
       } catch (RuntimeException e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(msg, e);
       }
     }
-    assertEquals(msg, values.length, p);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(values.length, p, msg);
   }
 
   private static int skip(String msg, InputScanner cs, Decoder vi, boolean isArray) throws IOException {
     final char end = isArray ? ']' : '}';
     if (isArray) {
-      assertEquals(msg, 0, vi.skipArray());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(0, vi.skipArray(), msg);
     } else if (end == '}') {
-      assertEquals(msg, 0, vi.skipMap());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(0, vi.skipMap(), msg);
     }
     int level = 0;
     int p = 0;
@@ -507,9 +496,8 @@ private static int skip(String msg, InputScanner cs, Decoder vi, boolean isArray
     throw new RuntimeException("Don't know how to skip");
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(convertTo2dArray(encodings, skipLevels, testSchemas()));
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    return convertTo2dStream(encodings, skipLevels, testSchemas());
   }
 
   private static Object[][] encodings = new Object[][] { { Encoding.BINARY }, { Encoding.BLOCKING_BINARY },
@@ -517,19 +505,11 @@ public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
 
   private static Object[][] skipLevels = new Object[][] { { -1 }, { 0 }, { 1 }, { 2 }, };
 
-  public static Object[][] convertTo2dArray(final Object[][]... values) {
-    ArrayList<Object[]> ret = new ArrayList<>();
-
+  public static Stream<Arguments> convertTo2dStream(final Object[][]... values) {
     Iterator<Object[]> iter = cartesian(values);
-    while (iter.hasNext()) {
-      Object[] objects = iter.next();
-      ret.add(objects);
-    }
-    Object[][] retArrays = new Object[ret.size()][];
-    for (int i = 0; i < ret.size(); i++) {
-      retArrays[i] = ret.get(i);
-    }
-    return retArrays;
+    Stream<Object[]> stream = StreamSupport.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iter, Spliterator.ORDERED),
+        false);
+    return stream.map(Arguments::of);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/SymbolTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/SymbolTest.java
index c7d0213e61c..0dfe26c2258 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/SymbolTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/SymbolTest.java
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.io.parsing;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test to verify that recursive schemas are flattened correctly. See
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class SymbolTest {
       + "                  ]}},\n" + "              {\"name\":\"node\",\"type\":\"SampleNode\"}]}}}]}";
 
   @Test
-  public void testSomeMethod() throws IOException {
+  void someMethod() throws IOException {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA);
     Symbol root = new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(schema, schema);
     validateNonNull(root, new HashSet<>());
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ private static void validateNonNull(final Symbol symb, Set<Symbol> seen) {
       for (Symbol s : symb.production) {
         if (s == null) {
           fail("invalid parsing tree should not contain nulls");
-        }
-        if (s.kind != Symbol.Kind.ROOT) {
+        } else if (s.kind != Symbol.Kind.ROOT) {
           validateNonNull(s, seen);
         }
       }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
index 3587055b96d..c6d8856733b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator.java
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
@@ -38,26 +40,21 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
-public class TestResolvingGrammarGenerator {
-  private final Schema schema;
-  private final JsonNode data;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-  public TestResolvingGrammarGenerator(String jsonSchema, String jsonData) throws IOException {
-    this.schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema);
-    JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
-    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(factory);
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1;
+import static org.apache.avro.TestSchemas.ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_2;
 
-    this.data = mapper.readTree(new StringReader(jsonData));
-  }
+public class TestResolvingGrammarGenerator {
 
-  @Test
-  public void test() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("data")
+  void test(Schema schema, JsonNode data) throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     EncoderFactory factory = EncoderFactory.get();
     Encoder e = factory.validatingEncoder(schema, factory.binaryEncoder(baos, null));
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ public void test() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordMissingRequiredFieldError() throws Exception {
+  void recordMissingRequiredFieldError() throws Exception {
     Schema schemaWithoutField = SchemaBuilder.record("MyRecord").namespace("ns").fields().name("field1").type()
         .stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     Schema schemaWithField = SchemaBuilder.record("MyRecord").namespace("ns").fields().name("field1").type()
@@ -76,27 +73,51 @@ public void testRecordMissingRequiredFieldError() throws Exception {
     byte[] data = writeRecord(schemaWithoutField, record);
     try {
       readRecord(schemaWithField, data);
-      Assert.fail("Expected exception not thrown");
+      Assertions.fail("Expected exception not thrown");
     } catch (AvroTypeException typeException) {
-      Assert.assertEquals("Incorrect exception message",
-          "Found ns.MyRecord, expecting ns.MyRecord, missing required field field2", typeException.getMessage());
+      Assertions.assertEquals("Found ns.MyRecord, expecting ns.MyRecord, missing required field field2",
+          typeException.getMessage(), "Incorrect exception message");
     }
   }
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    Collection<Object[]> ret = Arrays.asList(new Object[][] {
+  @Test
+  void differingEnumNamespaces() throws Exception {
+    Schema schema1 = SchemaBuilder.record("MyRecord").fields().name("field").type(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1)
+        .noDefault().endRecord();
+    Schema schema2 = SchemaBuilder.record("MyRecord").fields().name("field").type(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_2)
+        .noDefault().endRecord();
+    GenericData.EnumSymbol genericEnumSymbol = new GenericData.EnumSymbol(ENUM1_AB_SCHEMA_NAMESPACE_1, "A");
+    GenericData.Record record = new GenericRecordBuilder(schema1).set("field", genericEnumSymbol).build();
+    byte[] data = writeRecord(schema1, record);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(genericEnumSymbol, readRecord(schema1, data).get("field"));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(genericEnumSymbol, readRecord(schema2, data).get("field"));
+  }
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> data() {
+    Collection<String[]> ret = Arrays.asList(new String[][] {
         { "{ \"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"r\", \"fields\": [ " + " { \"name\" : \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\" }, "
-            + " { \"name\" : \"f2\", \"type\": \"float\" } " + "] } }", "{ \"f2\": 10.4, \"f1\": 10 } " },
-        { "{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": " + "[ \"s1\", \"s2\"] } }", " \"s1\" " },
-        { "{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": " + "[ \"s1\", \"s2\"] } }", " \"s2\" " },
+            + " { \"name\" : \"f2\", \"type\": \"float\" } " + "] }", "{ \"f2\": 10.4, \"f1\": 10 } " },
+        { "{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": " + "[ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", " \"s1\" " },
+        { "{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", \"symbols\": " + "[ \"s1\", \"s2\"] }", " \"s2\" " },
         { "{ \"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"f\", \"size\": 10 }", "\"hello\"" },
         { "{ \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"int\" }", "[ 10, 20, 30 ]" },
         { "{ \"type\": \"map\", \"values\": \"int\" }", "{ \"k1\": 10, \"k3\": 20, \"k3\": 30 }" },
         { "[ \"int\", \"long\" ]", "10" }, { "\"string\"", "\"hello\"" }, { "\"bytes\"", "\"hello\"" },
         { "\"int\"", "10" }, { "\"long\"", "10" }, { "\"float\"", "10.0" }, { "\"double\"", "10.0" },
         { "\"boolean\"", "true" }, { "\"boolean\"", "false" }, { "\"null\"", "null" }, });
-    return ret;
+
+    final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
+    final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(factory);
+
+    return ret.stream().map((String[] args) -> {
+      Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(args[0]);
+      try {
+        JsonNode data = mapper.readTree(new StringReader(args[1]));
+        return Arguments.of(schema, data);
+      } catch (IOException ex) {
+        throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
+      }
+    });
   }
 
   private byte[] writeRecord(Schema schema, GenericData.Record record) throws Exception {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator2.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator2.java
index fc698014d53..8508ae2802b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator2.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/io/parsing/TestResolvingGrammarGenerator2.java
@@ -32,17 +32,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 /** ResolvingGrammarGenerator tests that are not Parameterized. */
 public class TestResolvingGrammarGenerator2 {
   @Test
-  public void testFixed() throws java.io.IOException {
+  void fixed() throws java.io.IOException {
     new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(Schema.createFixed("MyFixed", null, null, 10),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
     new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES),
@@ -63,69 +63,71 @@ public void testFixed() throws java.io.IOException {
   Schema point3dMatchName = SchemaBuilder.record("Point").fields().requiredDouble("x").requiredDouble("y").name("z")
       .type().doubleType().doubleDefault(0.0).endRecord();
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaValidationException.class)
-  public void testUnionResolutionNoStructureMatch() throws Exception {
-    // there is a short name match, but the structure does not match
-    Schema read = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point3dNoDefault));
-
-    new SchemaValidatorBuilder().canBeReadStrategy().validateAll().validate(point2dFullname,
-        Collections.singletonList(read));
+  @Test
+  void unionResolutionNoStructureMatch() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(SchemaValidationException.class, () -> {
+      // there is a short name match, but the structure does not match
+      Schema read = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point3dNoDefault));
+
+      new SchemaValidatorBuilder().canBeReadStrategy().validateAll().validate(point2dFullname,
+          Collections.singletonList(read));
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionResolutionFirstStructureMatch2d() throws Exception {
+  void unionResolutionFirstStructureMatch2d() throws Exception {
     // multiple structure matches with no short or full name matches
     Schema read = Schema
         .createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point3dNoDefault, point2d, point3d));
 
     Symbol grammar = new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(point2dFullname, read);
-    Assert.assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
+    assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
 
     Symbol.UnionAdjustAction action = (Symbol.UnionAdjustAction) grammar.production[1];
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
+    assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionResolutionFirstStructureMatch3d() throws Exception {
+  void unionResolutionFirstStructureMatch3d() throws Exception {
     // multiple structure matches with no short or full name matches
     Schema read = Schema
         .createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point3dNoDefault, point3d, point2d));
 
     Symbol grammar = new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(point2dFullname, read);
-    Assert.assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
+    assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
 
     Symbol.UnionAdjustAction action = (Symbol.UnionAdjustAction) grammar.production[1];
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
+    assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionResolutionNamedStructureMatch() throws Exception {
+  void unionResolutionNamedStructureMatch() throws Exception {
     // multiple structure matches with a short name match
     Schema read = Schema
         .createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point2d, point3dMatchName, point3d));
 
     Symbol grammar = new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(point2dFullname, read);
-    Assert.assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
+    assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
 
     Symbol.UnionAdjustAction action = (Symbol.UnionAdjustAction) grammar.production[1];
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
+    assertEquals(2, action.rindex);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionResolutionFullNameMatch() throws Exception {
+  void unionResolutionFullNameMatch() throws Exception {
     // there is a full name match, so it should be chosen
     Schema read = Schema.createUnion(
         Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), point2d, point3dMatchName, point3d, point2dFullname));
 
     Symbol grammar = new ResolvingGrammarGenerator().generate(point2dFullname, read);
-    Assert.assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
+    assertTrue(grammar.production[1] instanceof Symbol.UnionAdjustAction);
 
     Symbol.UnionAdjustAction action = (Symbol.UnionAdjustAction) grammar.production[1];
-    Assert.assertEquals(4, action.rindex);
+    assertEquals(4, action.rindex);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvro2702StringProperties() throws IOException {
+  void avro2702StringProperties() throws IOException {
 
     // Create a nested record schema with string fields at two levels.
     Schema inner = SchemaBuilder.builder().record("B").fields().requiredString("b1").endRecord();
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestBinaryMessageEncoding.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestBinaryMessageEncoding.java
index 7c6bf1a180b..0e8583bf6c2 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestBinaryMessageEncoding.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestBinaryMessageEncoding.java
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.message;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -31,8 +33,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestBinaryMessageEncoding {
   private static final Schema SCHEMA_V1 = SchemaBuilder.record("TestRecord").fields().requiredInt("id")
@@ -56,18 +57,18 @@ public class TestBinaryMessageEncoding {
       V2_BUILDER.set("id", 8L).set("message", "m-8").set("data", 35.6).build());
 
   @Test
-  public void testByteBufferRoundTrip() throws Exception {
+  void byteBufferRoundTrip() throws Exception {
     MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
     MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
     Record copy = decoder.decode(encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0)));
 
-    Assert.assertNotSame("Copy should not be the same object", copy, V2_RECORDS.get(0));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Record should be identical after round-trip", V2_RECORDS.get(0), copy);
+    assertNotSame(copy, V2_RECORDS.get(0), "Copy should not be the same object");
+    assertEquals(V2_RECORDS.get(0), copy, "Record should be identical after round-trip");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaEvolution() throws Exception {
+  void schemaEvolution() throws Exception {
     List<ByteBuffer> buffers = new ArrayList<>();
     List<Record> records = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -100,21 +101,23 @@ public void testSchemaEvolution() throws Exception {
       decodedUsingV2.add(v2Decoder.decode(buffer));
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(allAsV2, decodedUsingV2);
+    assertEquals(allAsV2, decodedUsingV2);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = MissingSchemaException.class)
-  public void testCompatibleReadFailsWithoutSchema() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> v1Encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
-    BinaryMessageDecoder<Record> v2Decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void compatibleReadFailsWithoutSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(MissingSchemaException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> v1Encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
+      BinaryMessageDecoder<Record> v2Decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer v1Buffer = v1Encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(3));
+      ByteBuffer v1Buffer = v1Encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(3));
 
-    v2Decoder.decode(v1Buffer);
+      v2Decoder.decode(v1Buffer);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompatibleReadWithSchema() throws Exception {
+  void compatibleReadWithSchema() throws Exception {
     MessageEncoder<Record> v1Encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
     BinaryMessageDecoder<Record> v2Decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
     v2Decoder.addSchema(SCHEMA_V1);
@@ -123,11 +126,11 @@ public void testCompatibleReadWithSchema() throws Exception {
 
     Record record = v2Decoder.decode(v1Buffer);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(V2_BUILDER.set("id", 6L).set("message", "m-6").clear("data").build(), record);
+    assertEquals(V2_BUILDER.set("id", 6L).set("message", "m-6").clear("data").build(), record);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompatibleReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
+  void compatibleReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
     MessageEncoder<Record> v1Encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
 
     SchemaStore.Cache schemaCache = new SchemaStore.Cache();
@@ -138,11 +141,11 @@ public void testCompatibleReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
 
     Record record = v2Decoder.decode(v1Buffer);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(V2_BUILDER.set("id", 4L).set("message", "m-4").clear("data").build(), record);
+    assertEquals(V2_BUILDER.set("id", 4L).set("message", "m-4").clear("data").build(), record);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIdenticalReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
+  void identicalReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
     MessageEncoder<Record> v1Encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
 
     SchemaStore.Cache schemaCache = new SchemaStore.Cache();
@@ -155,11 +158,11 @@ public void testIdenticalReadWithSchemaFromLookup() throws Exception {
 
     Record record = genericDecoder.decode(v1Buffer);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(V1_RECORDS.get(2), record);
+    assertEquals(V1_RECORDS.get(2), record);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBufferReuse() throws Exception {
+  void bufferReuse() throws Exception {
     // This test depends on the serialized version of record 1 being smaller or
     // the same size as record 0 so that the reused ByteArrayOutputStream won't
     // expand its internal buffer.
@@ -168,81 +171,91 @@ public void testBufferReuse() throws Exception {
     ByteBuffer b0 = encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(0));
     ByteBuffer b1 = encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(1));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(b0.array(), b1.array());
+    assertEquals(b0.array(), b1.array());
 
     MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Buffer was reused, decode(b0) should be record 1", V1_RECORDS.get(1), decoder.decode(b0));
+    assertEquals(V1_RECORDS.get(1), decoder.decode(b0), "Buffer was reused, decode(b0) should be record 1");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBufferCopy() throws Exception {
+  void bufferCopy() throws Exception {
     MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
 
     ByteBuffer b0 = encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(0));
     ByteBuffer b1 = encoder.encode(V1_RECORDS.get(1));
 
-    Assert.assertNotEquals(b0.array(), b1.array());
+    assertNotEquals(b0.array(), b1.array());
 
     MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V1);
 
     // bytes are not changed by reusing the encoder
-    Assert.assertEquals("Buffer was copied, decode(b0) should be record 0", V1_RECORDS.get(0), decoder.decode(b0));
+    assertEquals(V1_RECORDS.get(0), decoder.decode(b0), "Buffer was copied, decode(b0) should be record 0");
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testByteBufferMissingPayload() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
-    MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void byteBufferMissingPayload() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+      MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
+      ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
 
-    buffer.limit(12);
+      buffer.limit(12);
 
-    decoder.decode(buffer);
+      decoder.decode(buffer);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = BadHeaderException.class)
-  public void testByteBufferMissingFullHeader() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
-    MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void byteBufferMissingFullHeader() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(BadHeaderException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+      MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
+      ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
 
-    buffer.limit(8);
+      buffer.limit(8);
 
-    decoder.decode(buffer);
+      decoder.decode(buffer);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = BadHeaderException.class)
-  public void testByteBufferBadMarkerByte() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
-    MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void byteBufferBadMarkerByte() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(BadHeaderException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+      MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
-    buffer.array()[0] = 0x00;
+      ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
+      buffer.array()[0] = 0x00;
 
-    decoder.decode(buffer);
+      decoder.decode(buffer);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = BadHeaderException.class)
-  public void testByteBufferBadVersionByte() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
-    MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void byteBufferBadVersionByte() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(BadHeaderException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+      MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
-    buffer.array()[1] = 0x00;
+      ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
+      buffer.array()[1] = 0x00;
 
-    decoder.decode(buffer);
+      decoder.decode(buffer);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = MissingSchemaException.class)
-  public void testByteBufferUnknownSchema() throws Exception {
-    MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
-    MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+  @Test
+  void byteBufferUnknownSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(MissingSchemaException.class, () -> {
+      MessageEncoder<Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
+      MessageDecoder<Record> decoder = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA_V2);
 
-    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
-    buffer.array()[4] = 0x00;
+      ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(V2_RECORDS.get(0));
+      buffer.array()[4] = 0x00;
 
-    decoder.decode(buffer);
+      decoder.decode(buffer);
+    });
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestGenerateInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestGenerateInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0292b14c705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestGenerateInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.message;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Generates <code>test_message.bin</code> - a <a href=
+ * "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding">single
+ * object encoded</a> Avro message.
+ */
+public class TestGenerateInteropSingleObjectEncoding {
+  private static final String RESOURCES_FOLDER = System.getProperty("share.dir", "target/test-classes/share")
+      + "/test/data/messageV1";
+  private static final File SCHEMA_FILE = new File(RESOURCES_FOLDER + "/test_schema.avsc");
+  private static final File MESSAGE_FILE = new File(RESOURCES_FOLDER + "/test_message.bin");
+  private static Schema SCHEMA;
+  private static GenericRecordBuilder BUILDER;
+
+  @BeforeAll
+  public static void setup() throws IOException {
+    try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(SCHEMA_FILE)) {
+      SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(fileInputStream);
+      BUILDER = new GenericRecordBuilder(SCHEMA);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void generateData() throws IOException {
+    MessageEncoder<GenericData.Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA);
+    BUILDER.set("id", 42L).set("name", "Bill").set("tags", Arrays.asList("dog_lover", "cat_hater")).build();
+    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(
+        BUILDER.set("id", 42L).set("name", "Bill").set("tags", Arrays.asList("dog_lover", "cat_hater")).build());
+    new FileOutputStream(MESSAGE_FILE).write(buffer.array());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dccd3c425a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestInteropSingleObjectEncoding.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.message;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that <code>test_message.bin</code> is properly encoded <a href=
+ * "https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding">single
+ * object</a>
+ */
+public class TestInteropSingleObjectEncoding {
+  private static final String RESOURCES_FOLDER = System.getProperty("share.dir", "target/test-classes/share")
+      + "/test/data/messageV1";
+  private static final File SCHEMA_FILE = new File(RESOURCES_FOLDER + "/test_schema.avsc");
+  private static final File MESSAGE_FILE = new File(RESOURCES_FOLDER + "/test_message.bin");
+  private static Schema SCHEMA;
+  private static GenericRecordBuilder BUILDER;
+
+  @BeforeAll
+  public static void setup() throws IOException {
+    try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(SCHEMA_FILE)) {
+      SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(fileInputStream);
+      BUILDER = new GenericRecordBuilder(SCHEMA);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkSingleObjectEncoding() throws IOException {
+    MessageEncoder<GenericData.Record> encoder = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(GenericData.get(), SCHEMA);
+    ByteBuffer buffer = encoder.encode(
+        BUILDER.set("id", 42L).set("name", "Bill").set("tags", Arrays.asList("dog_lover", "cat_hater")).build());
+    byte[] fileBuffer = Files.readAllBytes(MESSAGE_FILE.toPath());
+    assertArrayEquals(fileBuffer, buffer.array());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestByteBuffer.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestByteBuffer.java
index d0ef4312969..ae7869d1ccb 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestByteBuffer.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestByteBuffer.java
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro.reflect;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -41,15 +39,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.FileReader;
 import org.apache.avro.file.SeekableByteArrayInput;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestByteBuffer {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   static class X {
     String name = "";
@@ -58,9 +55,9 @@ static class X {
 
   File content;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void before() throws IOException {
-    content = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "test-content");
+    content = new File(DIR.getPath(), "test-content");
     try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(content)) {
       for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
         out.write("hello world\n".getBytes(UTF_8));
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ public void before() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void test() throws Exception {
+  void test() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(X.class);
     ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     writeOneXAsAvro(schema, bout);
@@ -77,7 +74,7 @@ public void test() throws Exception {
 
     String expected = getmd5(content);
     String actual = getmd5(record.content);
-    assertEquals("md5 for result differed from input", expected, actual);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual, "md5 for result differed from input");
   }
 
   private X readOneXFromAvro(Schema schema, ByteArrayOutputStream bout) throws IOException {
@@ -85,9 +82,9 @@ private X readOneXFromAvro(Schema schema, ByteArrayOutputStream bout) throws IOE
     ReflectDatumReader<X> datumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(schema);
     FileReader<X> reader = DataFileReader.openReader(input, datumReader);
     Iterator<X> it = reader.iterator();
-    assertTrue("missing first record", it.hasNext());
+    assertTrue(it.hasNext(), "missing first record");
     X record = it.next();
-    assertFalse("should be no more records - only wrote one out", it.hasNext());
+    assertFalse(it.hasNext(), "should be no more records - only wrote one out");
     return record;
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestNonStringMapKeys.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestNonStringMapKeys.java
index 70cb7b65aa3..6b031fb2186 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestNonStringMapKeys.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestNonStringMapKeys.java
@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro.reflect;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -45,7 +42,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Test serialization and de-serialization of non-string map-keys
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@
 public class TestNonStringMapKeys {
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonStringMapKeys() throws Exception {
+  void nonStringMapKeys() throws Exception {
 
     Company entityObj1 = buildCompany();
     Company entityObj2 = buildCompany();
@@ -65,7 +62,7 @@ public void testNonStringMapKeys() throws Exception {
 
     GenericRecord record = records.get(0);
     Object employees = record.get("employees");
-    assertTrue("Unable to read 'employees' map", employees instanceof GenericArray);
+    assertTrue(employees instanceof GenericArray, "Unable to read 'employees' map");
     GenericArray arrayEmployees = ((GenericArray) employees);
     Object employeeRecord = arrayEmployees.get(0);
     assertTrue(employeeRecord instanceof GenericRecord);
@@ -90,13 +87,13 @@ public void testNonStringMapKeys() throws Exception {
     }
 
     byte[] jsonBytes = testJsonEncoder(testType, entityObj1);
-    assertNotNull("Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder", jsonBytes);
+    assertNotNull(jsonBytes, "Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder");
     GenericRecord jsonRecord = testJsonDecoder(testType, jsonBytes, entityObj1);
-    assertEquals("JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder", record, jsonRecord);
+    assertEquals(record, jsonRecord, "JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonStringMapKeysInNestedMaps() throws Exception {
+  void nonStringMapKeysInNestedMaps() throws Exception {
 
     Company2 entityObj1 = buildCompany2();
 
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ public void testNonStringMapKeysInNestedMaps() throws Exception {
 
     GenericRecord record = records.get(0);
     Object employees = record.get("employees");
-    assertTrue("Unable to read 'employees' map", employees instanceof GenericArray);
+    assertTrue(employees instanceof GenericArray, "Unable to read 'employees' map");
     GenericArray employeesMapArray = ((GenericArray) employees);
 
     Object employeeMapElement = employeesMapArray.get(0);
@@ -146,13 +143,13 @@ public void testNonStringMapKeysInNestedMaps() throws Exception {
     }
 
     byte[] jsonBytes = testJsonEncoder(testType, entityObj1);
-    assertNotNull("Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder", jsonBytes);
+    assertNotNull(jsonBytes, "Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder");
     GenericRecord jsonRecord = testJsonDecoder(testType, jsonBytes, entityObj1);
-    assertEquals("JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder", record, jsonRecord);
+    assertEquals(record, jsonRecord, "JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordNameInvariance() throws Exception {
+  void recordNameInvariance() throws Exception {
 
     SameMapSignature entityObj1 = buildSameMapSignature();
 
@@ -163,7 +160,7 @@ public void testRecordNameInvariance() throws Exception {
 
     GenericRecord record = records.get(0);
     Object map1obj = record.get("map1");
-    assertTrue("Unable to read map1", map1obj instanceof GenericArray);
+    assertTrue(map1obj instanceof GenericArray, "Unable to read map1");
     GenericArray map1array = ((GenericArray) map1obj);
 
     Object map1element = map1array.get(0);
@@ -207,10 +204,10 @@ public void testRecordNameInvariance() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(map1schema, map4schema);
 
     byte[] jsonBytes = testJsonEncoder(testType, entityObj1);
-    assertNotNull("Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder", jsonBytes);
+    assertNotNull(jsonBytes, "Unable to serialize using jsonEncoder");
     GenericRecord jsonRecord = testJsonDecoder(testType, jsonBytes, entityObj1);
-    assertEquals("JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder", record.get("map1"), jsonRecord.get("map1"));
-    assertEquals("JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder", record.get("map2"), jsonRecord.get("map2"));
+    assertEquals(record.get("map1"), jsonRecord.get("map1"), "JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder");
+    assertEquals(record.get("map2"), jsonRecord.get("map2"), "JSON decoder output not same as Binary Decoder");
   }
 
   /**
@@ -223,7 +220,7 @@ public <T> byte[] testSerialization(String testType, T... entityObjs) throws Exc
     ReflectData rdata = ReflectData.AllowNull.get();
 
     Schema schema = rdata.getSchema(entityObj1.getClass());
-    assertNotNull("Unable to get schema for " + testType, schema);
+    assertNotNull(schema, "Unable to get schema for " + testType);
     log(schema.toString(true));
 
     ReflectDatumWriter<T> datumWriter = new ReflectDatumWriter(entityObj1.getClass(), rdata);
@@ -252,7 +249,7 @@ private <T> List<GenericRecord> testGenericDatumRead(String testType, byte[] byt
     try (DataFileReader<GenericRecord> fileReader = new DataFileReader<>(avroInputStream, datumReader)) {
 
       Schema schema = fileReader.getSchema();
-      assertNotNull("Unable to get schema for " + testType, schema);
+      assertNotNull(schema, "Unable to get schema for " + testType);
       GenericRecord record = null;
       while (fileReader.hasNext()) {
         try {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflect.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflect.java
index e3065d59b87..50121b5a0dd 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflect.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflect.java
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -35,10 +33,12 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Random;
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
 import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
+import org.apache.avro.NameValidator;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect.SampleRecord.AnotherSampleRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledForJreRange;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.JRE;
 
 public class TestReflect {
 
@@ -58,86 +61,86 @@ public class TestReflect {
 
   // test primitive type inference
   @Test
-  public void testVoid() {
+  void testVoid() {
     check(Void.TYPE, "\"null\"");
     check(Void.class, "\"null\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBoolean() {
+  void testBoolean() {
     check(Boolean.TYPE, "\"boolean\"");
     check(Boolean.class, "\"boolean\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() {
+  void testInt() {
     check(Integer.TYPE, "\"int\"");
     check(Integer.class, "\"int\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testByte() {
+  void testByte() {
     check(Byte.TYPE, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Byte\"}");
     check(Byte.class, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Byte\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testShort() {
+  void testShort() {
     check(Short.TYPE, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Short\"}");
     check(Short.class, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Short\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testChar() {
+  void testChar() {
     check(Character.TYPE, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Character\"}");
     check(Character.class, "{\"type\":\"int\",\"java-class\":\"java.lang.Character\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() {
+  void testLong() {
     check(Long.TYPE, "\"long\"");
     check(Long.class, "\"long\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() {
+  void testFloat() {
     check(Float.TYPE, "\"float\"");
     check(Float.class, "\"float\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDouble() {
+  void testDouble() {
     check(Double.TYPE, "\"double\"");
     check(Double.class, "\"double\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testString() {
+  void string() {
     check("Foo", "\"string\"");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytes() {
+  void bytes() {
     check(ByteBuffer.allocate(0), "\"bytes\"");
     check(new byte[0], "{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"java-class\":\"[B\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithCollection() {
+  void unionWithCollection() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", {\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"float\"}]");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
     assertEquals(1, data.resolveUnion(s, new ArrayList<Float>()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithMap() {
+  void unionWithMap() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", {\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"float\"}]");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
     assertEquals(1, data.resolveUnion(s, new HashMap<String, Float>()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithMapWithUtf8Keys() {
+  void unionWithMapWithUtf8Keys() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", {\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"float\"}]");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
     HashMap<Utf8, Float> map = new HashMap<>();
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ public void testUnionWithMapWithUtf8Keys() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithFixed() {
+  void unionWithFixed() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", {\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"f\",\"size\":1}]");
     Schema f = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"f\",\"size\":1}");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ public void testUnionWithFixed() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithEnum() {
+  void unionWithEnum() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", {\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"E\",\"namespace\":"
         + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"symbols\":[\"A\",\"B\"]}]");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ public void testUnionWithEnum() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionWithBytes() {
+  void unionWithBytes() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("[\"null\", \"bytes\"]");
     GenericData data = ReflectData.get();
     assertEquals(1, data.resolveUnion(s, ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 1 })));
@@ -190,24 +193,24 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMap() throws Exception {
+  void map() throws Exception {
     check(R1.class.getDeclaredField("mapField").getGenericType(), "{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"string\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArray() throws Exception {
+  void array() throws Exception {
     check(R1.class.getDeclaredField("arrayField").getGenericType(),
         "{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"string\",\"java-class\":\"[Ljava.lang.String;\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testList() throws Exception {
+  void list() throws Exception {
     check(R1.class.getDeclaredField("listField").getGenericType(),
         "{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"string\"" + ",\"java-class\":\"java.util.List\"}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR1() throws Exception {
+  void r1() throws Exception {
     checkReadWrite(new R1());
   }
 
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR2() throws Exception {
+  void r2() throws Exception {
     R2 r2 = new R2();
     r2.arrayField = new String[] { "foo" };
     r2.collectionField = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR3() throws Exception {
+  void r3() throws Exception {
     R3 r3 = new R3();
     r3.intArray = new int[] { 1 };
     checkReadWrite(r3);
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ public static class R5 extends R4 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR5() throws Exception {
+  void r5() throws Exception {
     R5 r5 = new R5();
     r5.value = 1;
     r5.shorts = new short[] { 3, 255, 256, Short.MAX_VALUE, Short.MIN_VALUE };
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR6() throws Exception {
+  void r6() throws Exception {
     R7 r7 = new R7();
     r7.value = 1;
     checkReadWrite(r7, ReflectData.get().getSchema(R6.class));
@@ -352,7 +355,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR6_1() throws Exception {
+  void r6_1() throws Exception {
     R7 r7 = new R7();
     r7.value = 1;
     checkReadWrite(r7, ReflectData.get().getSchema(R6.class));
@@ -375,7 +378,8 @@ public static interface P0 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testP0() throws Exception {
+  @DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "WithinInvokerPlugin", matches = "true", disabledReason = "Doesn't work, no clue why")
+  void p0() throws Exception {
     Protocol p0 = ReflectData.get().getProtocol(P0.class);
     Protocol.Message message = p0.getMessages().get("foo");
     // check response schema is union
@@ -386,7 +390,11 @@ public void testP0() throws Exception {
     // check request schema is union
     Schema request = message.getRequest();
     Field field = request.getField("s");
-    assertNotNull("field 's' should not be null", field);
+    // FIXME: Figure out why this test fails under the invoker plugin and succeeds
+    // while normal testing
+    // [ERROR] TestReflect.p0:393 field 's' should not be null ==> expected: not
+    // <null>
+    assertNotNull(field, "field 's' should not be null");
     Schema param = field.schema();
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.UNION, param.getType());
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, param.getTypes().get(0).getType());
@@ -419,7 +427,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR10() throws Exception {
+  void r10() throws Exception {
     Schema r10Schema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(R10.class);
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.STRING, r10Schema.getType());
     assertEquals(R10.class.getName(), r10Schema.getProp("java-class"));
@@ -443,7 +451,7 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR11() throws Exception {
+  void r11() throws Exception {
     Schema r11Record = ReflectData.get().getSchema(R11.class);
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.RECORD, r11Record.getType());
     Field r11Field = r11Record.getField("text");
@@ -466,7 +474,8 @@ public static interface P1 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testP1() throws Exception {
+  @DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "WithinInvokerPlugin", matches = "true", disabledReason = "Doesn't work, no clue why")
+  void p1() throws Exception {
     Protocol p1 = ReflectData.get().getProtocol(P1.class);
     Protocol.Message message = p1.getMessages().get("foo");
     // check response schema is union
@@ -477,7 +486,11 @@ public void testP1() throws Exception {
     // check request schema is union
     Schema request = message.getRequest();
     Field field = request.getField("s");
-    assertNotNull("field 's' should not be null", field);
+    // FIXME: Figure out why this test fails under the invoker plugin and succeeds
+    // while normal testing
+    // [ERROR] TestReflect.p1:484 field 's' should not be null ==> expected: not
+    // <null>
+    assertNotNull(field, "field 's' should not be null");
     Schema param = field.schema();
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.UNION, param.getType());
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, param.getTypes().get(0).getType());
@@ -497,7 +510,7 @@ public static class R12 { // fields
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR12() throws Exception {
+  void r12() throws Exception {
     Schema s = ReflectData.get().getSchema(R12.class);
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.INT, s.getField("x").schema().getType());
     assertEquals(new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":[\"null\",\"string\"]}"),
@@ -505,11 +518,11 @@ public void testR12() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @AvroSchema("\"null\"") // record
-  public class R13 {
+  public static class R13 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testR13() throws Exception {
+  void r13() throws Exception {
     Schema s = ReflectData.get().getSchema(R13.class);
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, s.getType());
   }
@@ -520,7 +533,11 @@ public interface P4 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testP4() throws Exception {
+  // FIXME: Figure out why this test fails under the invoker plugin and succeeds
+  // while normal testing
+  // [ERROR] TestReflect.p4:532 NullPointer
+  @DisabledIfEnvironmentVariable(named = "WithinInvokerPlugin", matches = "true", disabledReason = "Doesn't work, no clue why")
+  void p4() throws Exception {
     Protocol p = ReflectData.get().getProtocol(P4.class);
     Protocol.Message message = p.getMessages().get("foo");
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.INT, message.getResponse().getType());
@@ -537,13 +554,41 @@ public static interface P2 {
     void error() throws E1;
   }
 
+  private static class NullableDefaultTest {
+    @Nullable
+    @AvroDefault("1")
+    int foo;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAvroNullableDefault() {
+    check(NullableDefaultTest.class,
+        "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NullableDefaultTest\","
+            + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
+            + "{\"name\":\"foo\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"int\"],\"default\":1}]}");
+  }
+
+  private static class UnionDefaultTest {
+    @Union({ Integer.class, String.class })
+    @AvroDefault("1")
+    Object foo;
+  }
+
   @Test
-  public void testP2() throws Exception {
+  public void testAvroUnionDefault() {
+    check(UnionDefaultTest.class,
+        "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"UnionDefaultTest\","
+            + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
+            + "{\"name\":\"foo\",\"type\":[\"int\",\"string\"],\"default\":1}]}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void p2() throws Exception {
     Schema e1 = ReflectData.get().getSchema(E1.class);
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.RECORD, e1.getType());
     assertTrue(e1.isError());
     Field message = e1.getField("detailMessage");
-    assertNotNull("field 'detailMessage' should not be null", message);
+    assertNotNull(message, "field 'detailMessage' should not be null");
     Schema messageSchema = message.schema();
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.UNION, messageSchema.getType());
     assertEquals(Schema.Type.NULL, messageSchema.getTypes().get(0).getType());
@@ -559,7 +604,7 @@ public void testP2() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNoPackage() throws Exception {
+  void noPackage() throws Exception {
     Class<?> noPackage = Class.forName("NoPackage");
     Schema s = ReflectData.get().getSchema(noPackage);
     assertEquals(noPackage.getName(), ReflectData.getClassName(s));
@@ -584,16 +629,16 @@ void checkReadWrite(Object object, Schema s) throws Exception {
         Object val = ReflectData.get().getField(object, f.name(), f.pos());
         ReflectData.get().setField(copy, f.name(), f.pos(), val);
       }
-      assertEquals("setField", object, copy);
+      assertEquals(object, copy, "setField");
     }
   }
 
   public static enum E {
     A, B
-  };
+  }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnum() throws Exception {
+  void testEnum() throws Exception {
     check(E.class, "{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"E\",\"namespace\":"
         + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"symbols\":[\"A\",\"B\"]}");
   }
@@ -604,7 +649,7 @@ public static class R {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecord() throws Exception {
+  void record() throws Exception {
     check(R.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"R\",\"namespace\":" + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
             + "{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"int\"}," + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"long\"}]}");
@@ -616,7 +661,7 @@ public static class RAvroIgnore {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotationAvroIgnore() throws Exception {
+  void annotationAvroIgnore() throws Exception {
     check(RAvroIgnore.class, "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroIgnore\",\"namespace\":"
         + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[]}");
   }
@@ -628,7 +673,7 @@ public static class RAvroMeta {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotationAvroMeta() throws Exception {
+  void annotationAvroMeta() throws Exception {
     check(RAvroMeta.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroMeta\",\"namespace\":"
             + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"int\",\"K\":\"V\"}]"
@@ -644,7 +689,7 @@ public static class RAvroMultiMeta {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotationMultiAvroMeta() {
+  void annotationMultiAvroMeta() {
     check(RAvroMultiMeta.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroMultiMeta\",\"namespace\":"
             + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
@@ -657,9 +702,11 @@ public static class RAvroDuplicateFieldMeta {
     int a;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testAnnotationDuplicateFieldAvroMeta() {
-    ReflectData.get().getSchema(RAvroDuplicateFieldMeta.class);
+  @Test
+  void annotationDuplicateFieldAvroMeta() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      ReflectData.get().getSchema(RAvroDuplicateFieldMeta.class);
+    });
   }
 
   @AvroMeta(key = "K", value = "V")
@@ -668,9 +715,11 @@ public static class RAvroDuplicateTypeMeta {
     int a;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testAnnotationDuplicateTypeAvroMeta() {
-    ReflectData.get().getSchema(RAvroDuplicateTypeMeta.class);
+  @Test
+  void annotationDuplicateTypeAvroMeta() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      ReflectData.get().getSchema(RAvroDuplicateTypeMeta.class);
+    });
   }
 
   public static class RAvroName {
@@ -679,7 +728,7 @@ public static class RAvroName {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotationAvroName() throws Exception {
+  void annotationAvroName() throws Exception {
     check(RAvroName.class, "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroName\",\"namespace\":"
         + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}");
   }
@@ -690,12 +739,14 @@ public static class RAvroNameCollide {
     int b;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = Exception.class)
-  public void testAnnotationAvroNameCollide() throws Exception {
-    check(RAvroNameCollide.class,
-        "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroNameCollide\",\"namespace\":"
-            + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"int\"},"
-            + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}");
+  @Test
+  void annotationAvroNameCollide() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> {
+      check(RAvroNameCollide.class,
+          "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroNameCollide\",\"namespace\":"
+              + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"int\"},"
+              + "{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}");
+    });
   }
 
   public static class RAvroStringableField {
@@ -704,7 +755,7 @@ public static class RAvroStringableField {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotationAvroStringableFields() throws Exception {
+  void annotationAvroStringableFields() throws Exception {
     check(RAvroStringableField.class, "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RAvroStringableField\",\"namespace\":"
         + "\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
   }
@@ -718,7 +769,7 @@ private void check(java.lang.reflect.Type type, String schemaJson) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordIO() throws IOException {
+  void recordIO() throws IOException {
     Schema schm = ReflectData.get().getSchema(SampleRecord.class);
     ReflectDatumWriter<SampleRecord> writer = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(schm);
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -792,7 +843,7 @@ public static class multipleAnnotationRecord {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleAnnotations() throws IOException {
+  void multipleAnnotations() throws IOException {
     Schema schm = ReflectData.get().getSchema(multipleAnnotationRecord.class);
     ReflectDatumWriter<multipleAnnotationRecord> writer = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(schm);
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -813,21 +864,21 @@ public void testMultipleAnnotations() throws IOException {
     ReflectDatumReader<multipleAnnotationRecord> reader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(schm);
     multipleAnnotationRecord decoded = reader.read(new multipleAnnotationRecord(),
         DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(out.toByteArray(), null));
-    assertTrue(decoded.i1 == null);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i2 == null);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i3 == null);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i4 == null);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i5 == 5);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i6 == 6);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i7.getTime() == 7);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i8 == 8);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i9.getTime() == 9);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i10.getTime() == 10);
-    assertTrue(decoded.i11.getTime() == 11);
+    assertNull(decoded.i1);
+    assertNull(decoded.i2);
+    assertNull(decoded.i3);
+    assertNull(decoded.i4);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i5, 5);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i6, 6);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i7.getTime(), 7);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i8, 8);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i9.getTime(), 9);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i10.getTime(), 10);
+    assertEquals(decoded.i11.getTime(), 11);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroEncodeInducing() throws IOException {
+  void avroEncodeInducing() throws IOException {
     Schema schm = ReflectData.get().getSchema(AvroEncRecord.class);
     assertEquals(schm.toString(),
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"AvroEncRecord\",\"namespace"
@@ -836,7 +887,7 @@ public void testAvroEncodeInducing() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroEncodeIO() throws IOException {
+  void avroEncodeIO() throws IOException {
     Schema schm = ReflectData.get().getSchema(AvroEncRecord.class);
     ReflectDatumWriter<AvroEncRecord> writer = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(schm);
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -850,7 +901,7 @@ public void testAvroEncodeIO() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecordWithNullIO() throws IOException {
+  void recordWithNullIO() throws IOException {
     ReflectData reflectData = ReflectData.AllowNull.get();
     Schema schm = reflectData.getSchema(AnotherSampleRecord.class);
     ReflectDatumWriter<AnotherSampleRecord> writer = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(schm);
@@ -871,27 +922,6 @@ public void testRecordWithNullIO() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(b, decoded);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testDisableUnsafe() throws Exception {
-    String saved = System.getProperty("avro.disable.unsafe");
-    try {
-      System.setProperty("avro.disable.unsafe", "true");
-      ReflectData.ACCESSOR_CACHE.remove(multipleAnnotationRecord.class);
-      ReflectData.ACCESSOR_CACHE.remove(AnotherSampleRecord.class);
-      ReflectionUtil.resetFieldAccess();
-      testMultipleAnnotations();
-      testRecordWithNullIO();
-    } finally {
-      if (saved == null)
-        System.clearProperty("avro.disable.unsafe");
-      else
-        System.setProperty("avro.disable.unsafe", saved);
-      ReflectData.ACCESSOR_CACHE.remove(multipleAnnotationRecord.class);
-      ReflectData.ACCESSOR_CACHE.remove(AnotherSampleRecord.class);
-      ReflectionUtil.resetFieldAccess();
-    }
-  }
-
   public static class SampleRecord {
     public int x = 1;
     private int y = 2;
@@ -969,10 +999,11 @@ public static interface C {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testForwardReference() {
+  void forwardReference() {
     ReflectData data = ReflectData.get();
     Protocol reflected = data.getProtocol(C.class);
-    Protocol reparsed = Protocol.parse(reflected.toString());
+    String ref = reflected.toString();
+    Protocol reparsed = Protocol.parse(ref);
     assertEquals(reflected, reparsed);
     assert (reparsed.getTypes().contains(data.getSchema(A.class)));
     assert (reparsed.getTypes().contains(data.getSchema(B1.class)));
@@ -986,18 +1017,20 @@ public static interface P3 {
     void m1(int x);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testOverloadedMethod() {
-    ReflectData.get().getProtocol(P3.class);
+  @Test
+  void overloadedMethod() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      ReflectData.get().getProtocol(P3.class);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNoPackageSchema() throws Exception {
+  void noPackageSchema() throws Exception {
     ReflectData.get().getSchema(Class.forName("NoPackage"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNoPackageProtocol() throws Exception {
+  void noPackageProtocol() throws Exception {
     ReflectData.get().getProtocol(Class.forName("NoPackage"));
   }
 
@@ -1005,9 +1038,9 @@ public static class Y {
     int i;
   }
 
-  @Test
   /** Test nesting of reflect data within generic. */
-  public void testReflectWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  void reflectWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
     ReflectData data = ReflectData.get();
     // define a record with a field that's a specific Y
     Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("Foo", "", "x.y.z", false);
@@ -1026,12 +1059,12 @@ public void testReflectWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitiveArray() throws Exception {
+  void primitiveArray() throws Exception {
     testPrimitiveArrays(false);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitiveArrayBlocking() throws Exception {
+  void primitiveArrayBlocking() throws Exception {
     testPrimitiveArrays(true);
   }
 
@@ -1080,7 +1113,7 @@ private Object randomFor(Class<?> c, Random r) {
 
   /** Test union of null and an array. */
   @Test
-  public void testNullArray() throws Exception {
+  void nullArray() throws Exception {
     String json = "[{\"type\":\"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}, \"null\"]";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     checkBinary(schema, null);
@@ -1088,7 +1121,7 @@ public void testNullArray() throws Exception {
 
   /** Test stringable classes. */
   @Test
-  public void testStringables() throws Exception {
+  void stringables() throws Exception {
     checkStringable(java.math.BigDecimal.class, "10");
     checkStringable(java.math.BigInteger.class, "20");
     checkStringable(java.net.URI.class, "foo://bar:9000/baz");
@@ -1113,7 +1146,7 @@ public static class M1 {
 
   /** Test Map with stringable key classes. */
   @Test
-  public void testStringableMapKeys() throws Exception {
+  void stringableMapKeys() throws Exception {
     M1 record = new M1();
     record.integerKeyMap = new HashMap<>(1);
     record.integerKeyMap.put(10, "foo");
@@ -1137,7 +1170,7 @@ public static class NullableStringable {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableStringableField() throws Exception {
+  void nullableStringableField() throws Exception {
     NullableStringable datum = new NullableStringable();
     datum.number = java.math.BigDecimal.TEN;
 
@@ -1174,7 +1207,24 @@ public static void checkBinary(Schema schema, Object datum) throws IOException {
 
   /** Test that the error message contains the name of the class. */
   @Test
-  public void testReflectFieldError() throws Exception {
+  @EnabledForJreRange(min = JRE.JAVA_8, max = JRE.JAVA_11, disabledReason = "Java 11 announced: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release")
+  // Java 11:
+  // - WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
+  // - WARNING: Illegal reflective access by
+  // org.apache.avro.reflect.FieldAccessReflect$ReflectionBasedAccessor to field
+  // java.lang.String.coder
+  // - WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of
+  // org.apache.avro.reflect.FieldAccessReflect$ReflectionBasedAccessor
+  // - WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal
+  // reflective access operations
+  // - WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
+  // Java 17:
+  // - [ERROR] org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect.reflectFieldError -- Time
+  // elapsed: 0.015 s <<< ERROR!
+  // - java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make field private
+  // final byte java.lang.String.coder accessible: module java.base does not
+  // "opens java.lang" to unnamed module @5a6d67c3
+  void reflectFieldError() throws Exception {
     Object datum = "";
     try {
       ReflectData.get().getField(datum, "notAFieldOfString", 0);
@@ -1196,7 +1246,7 @@ private static class AliasC {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroAliasOnClass() {
+  void avroAliasOnClass() {
     check(AliasA.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"AliasA\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[],\"aliases\":[\"b.a\"]}");
     check(AliasB.class,
@@ -1212,7 +1262,7 @@ private static class MultipleAliasRecord {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleAliasAnnotationsOnClass() {
+  void multipleAliasAnnotationsOnClass() {
     check(MultipleAliasRecord.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"MultipleAliasRecord\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[],\"aliases\":[\"space1.alias1\",\"space2.alias2\"]}");
 
@@ -1222,19 +1272,19 @@ private static class Z {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDollarTerminatedNamespaceCompatibility() {
+  void dollarTerminatedNamespaceCompatibility() {
     ReflectData data = ReflectData.get();
-    Schema s = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).parse(
+    Schema s = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Z\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect$\",\"fields\":[]}");
     assertEquals(data.getSchema(data.getClass(s)).toString(),
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Z\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":[]}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDollarTerminatedNestedStaticClassNamespaceCompatibility() {
+  void dollarTerminatedNestedStaticClassNamespaceCompatibility() {
     ReflectData data = ReflectData.get();
     // Older versions of Avro generated this namespace on nested records.
-    Schema s = new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).parse(
+    Schema s = new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"AnotherSampleRecord\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect$SampleRecord\",\"fields\":[]}");
     assertThat(data.getSchema(data.getClass(s)).getFullName(),
         is("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect.SampleRecord.AnotherSampleRecord"));
@@ -1257,7 +1307,7 @@ private static class ClassWithAliasAndNamespaceOnField {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroAliasOnField() {
+  void avroAliasOnField() {
 
     Schema expectedSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(ClassWithAliasOnField.class.getSimpleName())
         .namespace("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect").fields().name("primitiveField").aliases("aliasName")
@@ -1266,19 +1316,35 @@ public void testAvroAliasOnField() {
     check(ClassWithAliasOnField.class, expectedSchema.toString());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void namespaceDefinitionOnFieldAliasMustThrowException() {
-    ReflectData.get().getSchema(ClassWithAliasAndNamespaceOnField.class);
+  @Test
+  void namespaceDefinitionOnFieldAliasMustThrowException() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      ReflectData.get().getSchema(ClassWithAliasAndNamespaceOnField.class);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
   public void testMultipleFieldAliases() {
+    Field field = new Field("primitiveField", Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+    field.addAlias("alias1");
+    field.addAlias("alias2");
+    Schema avroMultiMeta = Schema.createRecord("ClassWithMultipleAliasesOnField", null,
+        "org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect", false, Arrays.asList(field));
 
-    Schema expectedSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(ClassWithMultipleAliasesOnField.class.getSimpleName())
-        .namespace("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect").fields().name("primitiveField").aliases("alias1", "alias2")
-        .type(Schema.create(org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.INT)).noDefault().endRecord();
+    Schema schema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(ClassWithMultipleAliasesOnField.class);
+    assertEquals(avroMultiMeta, schema);
+  }
 
-    check(ClassWithMultipleAliasesOnField.class, expectedSchema.toString());
+  private static class OptionalTest {
+    Optional<Integer> foo;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOptional() {
+    check(OptionalTest.class,
+        "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"OptionalTest\","
+            + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
+            + "{\"name\":\"foo\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"int\"],\"default\":null}]}");
   }
 
   private static class DefaultTest {
@@ -1287,7 +1353,7 @@ private static class DefaultTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroDefault() {
+  void avroDefault() {
     check(DefaultTest.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"DefaultTest\","
             + "\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\",\"fields\":["
@@ -1312,12 +1378,12 @@ public boolean equals(Object obj) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableByteArrayNotNullValue() throws Exception {
+  void nullableByteArrayNotNullValue() throws Exception {
     checkReadWrite(new NullableBytesTest("foo".getBytes(UTF_8)));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableByteArrayNullValue() throws Exception {
+  void nullableByteArrayNullValue() throws Exception {
     checkReadWrite(new NullableBytesTest());
   }
 
@@ -1338,7 +1404,7 @@ private static class DocTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroDoc() {
+  void avroDoc() {
     check(DocTest.class,
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"DocTest\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflect\","
             + "\"doc\":\"DocTest class docs\"," + "\"fields\":["
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectAllowNulls.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectAllowNulls.java
index acbd4fb96b1..5c138857739 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectAllowNulls.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectAllowNulls.java
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.reflect;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestReflectAllowNulls {
 
@@ -66,56 +67,56 @@ private static class AllowNullWithNullable {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitives() {
+  void primitives() {
     // AllowNull only makes fields nullable, so testing must use a base record
     Schema primitives = ReflectData.AllowNull.get().getSchema(Primitives.class);
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(boolean.class), primitives.getField("aBoolean").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(byte.class), primitives.getField("aByte").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(short.class), primitives.getField("aShort").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(int.class), primitives.getField("anInt").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(long.class), primitives.getField("aLong").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(float.class), primitives.getField("aFloat").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(requiredSchema(double.class), primitives.getField("aDouble").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(boolean.class), primitives.getField("aBoolean").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(byte.class), primitives.getField("aByte").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(short.class), primitives.getField("aShort").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(int.class), primitives.getField("anInt").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(long.class), primitives.getField("aLong").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(float.class), primitives.getField("aFloat").schema());
+    assertEquals(requiredSchema(double.class), primitives.getField("aDouble").schema());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWrappers() {
+  void wrappers() {
     // AllowNull only makes fields nullable, so testing must use a base record
     Schema wrappers = ReflectData.AllowNull.get().getSchema(Wrappers.class);
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(boolean.class), wrappers.getField("aBoolean").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(byte.class), wrappers.getField("aByte").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(short.class), wrappers.getField("aShort").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(int.class), wrappers.getField("anInt").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(long.class), wrappers.getField("aLong").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(float.class), wrappers.getField("aFloat").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(double.class), wrappers.getField("aDouble").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals(nullableSchema(Primitives.class), wrappers.getField("anObject").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(boolean.class), wrappers.getField("aBoolean").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(byte.class), wrappers.getField("aByte").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(short.class), wrappers.getField("aShort").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(int.class), wrappers.getField("anInt").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(long.class), wrappers.getField("aLong").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(float.class), wrappers.getField("aFloat").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(double.class), wrappers.getField("aDouble").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(Primitives.class), wrappers.getField("anObject").schema());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAllowNullWithNullableAnnotation() {
+  void allowNullWithNullableAnnotation() {
     Schema withNullable = ReflectData.AllowNull.get().getSchema(AllowNullWithNullable.class);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should produce a nullable double", nullableSchema(double.class),
-        withNullable.getField("aDouble").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableSchema(double.class), withNullable.getField("aDouble").schema(),
+        "Should produce a nullable double");
 
     Schema nullableDoubleOrLong = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE), Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should add null to a non-null union", nullableDoubleOrLong,
-        withNullable.getField("doubleOrLong").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableDoubleOrLong, withNullable.getField("doubleOrLong").schema(),
+        "Should add null to a non-null union");
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should add null to a non-null union", nullableDoubleOrLong,
-        withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull1").schema());
+    assertEquals(nullableDoubleOrLong, withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull1").schema(),
+        "Should add null to a non-null union");
 
     Schema doubleOrLongOrNull = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL)));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should add null to a non-null union", doubleOrLongOrNull,
-        withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull2").schema());
+    assertEquals(doubleOrLongOrNull, withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull2").schema(),
+        "Should add null to a non-null union");
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should add null to a non-null union", doubleOrLongOrNull,
-        withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull3").schema());
+    assertEquals(doubleOrLongOrNull, withNullable.getField("doubleOrLongOrNull3").schema(),
+        "Should add null to a non-null union");
   }
 
   private Schema requiredSchema(Class<?> type) {
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectData.java
index 59009883663..46bfd7b74a1 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectData.java
@@ -22,20 +22,27 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.util.internal.JacksonUtils;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledForJreRange;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.JRE;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.lessThan;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 public class TestReflectData {
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public void testWeakSchemaCaching() throws Exception {
+  void weakSchemaCaching() throws Exception {
     int numSchemas = 1000000;
     for (int i = 0; i < numSchemas; i++) {
       // Create schema
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ public void testWeakSchemaCaching() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGenericProtocol() {
+  void genericProtocol() {
     Protocol protocol = ReflectData.get().getProtocol(FooBarProtocol.class);
     Schema recordSchema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(FooBarReflectiveRecord.class);
 
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@ static class Meta {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCreateSchemaDefaultValue() {
+  void createSchemaDefaultValue() {
     Meta meta = new Meta();
     validateSchema(meta);
 
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ private void validateSchema(Meta meta) {
     Map testCases = JacksonUtils.objectToMap(meta);
 
     for (Schema.Field field : cloneSchema.getFields()) {
-      assertEquals("Invalid field " + field.name(), field.defaultVal(), testCases.get(field.name()));
+      assertEquals(field.defaultVal(), testCases.get(field.name()), "Invalid field " + field.name());
     }
   }
 
@@ -135,13 +142,17 @@ public class Definition {
     public Map<String, String> tokens;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testNonStaticInnerClasses() {
-    ReflectData.get().getSchema(Definition.class);
+  @Test
+  // FIXME: Why does this test fail under JDK 21?
+  @EnabledForJreRange(min = JRE.JAVA_8, max = JRE.JAVA_17, disabledReason = "Doesn't work under JRE 21, no clue why")
+  void nonStaticInnerClasses() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      ReflectData.get().getSchema(Definition.class);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testStaticInnerClasses() {
+  void staticInnerClasses() {
     ReflectData.get().getSchema(Meta.class);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumReader.java
index e431f8f5599..52b40b87b36 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumReader.java
@@ -18,18 +18,24 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.reflect;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestReflectDatumReader {
 
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@ private static <T> byte[] serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(T toSerialize, Class<T
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead_PojoWithList() throws IOException {
+  void read_PojoWithList() throws IOException {
     PojoWithList pojoWithList = new PojoWithList();
     pojoWithList.setId(42);
     pojoWithList.setRelatedIds(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ public void testRead_PojoWithList() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead_PojoWithArray() throws IOException {
+  void read_PojoWithArray() throws IOException {
     PojoWithArray pojoWithArray = new PojoWithArray();
     pojoWithArray.setId(42);
     pojoWithArray.setRelatedIds(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 });
@@ -78,6 +84,113 @@ public void testRead_PojoWithArray() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(pojoWithArray, deserialized);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testRead_PojoWithSet() throws IOException {
+    PojoWithSet pojoWithSet = new PojoWithSet();
+    pojoWithSet.setId(42);
+    Set<Integer> relatedIds = new HashSet<>();
+    relatedIds.add(1);
+    relatedIds.add(2);
+    relatedIds.add(3);
+    pojoWithSet.setRelatedIds(relatedIds);
+
+    byte[] serializedBytes = serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(pojoWithSet, PojoWithSet.class);
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(serializedBytes, null);
+    ReflectDatumReader<PojoWithSet> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(PojoWithSet.class);
+
+    PojoWithSet deserialized = new PojoWithSet();
+    reflectDatumReader.read(deserialized, decoder);
+
+    assertEquals(pojoWithSet, deserialized);
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRead_PojoWithMap() throws IOException {
+    PojoWithMap pojoWithMap = new PojoWithMap();
+    pojoWithMap.setId(42);
+    Map<Integer, Integer> relatedIds = new HashMap<>();
+    relatedIds.put(1, 11);
+    relatedIds.put(2, 22);
+    relatedIds.put(3, 33);
+    pojoWithMap.setRelatedIds(relatedIds);
+
+    byte[] serializedBytes = serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(pojoWithMap, PojoWithMap.class);
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(serializedBytes, null);
+    ReflectDatumReader<PojoWithMap> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(PojoWithMap.class);
+
+    PojoWithMap deserialized = new PojoWithMap();
+    reflectDatumReader.read(deserialized, decoder);
+
+    assertEquals(pojoWithMap, deserialized);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRead_PojoWithOptional() throws IOException {
+    PojoWithOptional pojoWithOptional = new PojoWithOptional();
+    pojoWithOptional.setId(42);
+    pojoWithOptional.setRelatedId(Optional.of(13));
+
+    byte[] serializedBytes = serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(pojoWithOptional, PojoWithOptional.class);
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(serializedBytes, null);
+    ReflectDatumReader<PojoWithOptional> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(PojoWithOptional.class);
+
+    PojoWithOptional deserialized = new PojoWithOptional();
+    reflectDatumReader.read(deserialized, decoder);
+
+    assertEquals(pojoWithOptional, deserialized);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRead_PojoWithEmptyOptional() throws IOException {
+    PojoWithOptional pojoWithOptional = new PojoWithOptional();
+    pojoWithOptional.setId(42);
+    pojoWithOptional.setRelatedId(Optional.empty());
+
+    byte[] serializedBytes = serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(pojoWithOptional, PojoWithOptional.class);
+
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(serializedBytes, null);
+    ReflectDatumReader<PojoWithOptional> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(PojoWithOptional.class);
+
+    PojoWithOptional deserialized = new PojoWithOptional();
+    reflectDatumReader.read(deserialized, decoder);
+
+    assertEquals(pojoWithOptional, deserialized);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRead_PojoWithNullableAnnotation() throws IOException {
+    PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1 v1Pojo = new PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1();
+    int idValue = 1;
+    v1Pojo.setId(idValue);
+    byte[] serializedBytes = serializeWithReflectDatumWriter(v1Pojo, PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1.class);
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(serializedBytes, null);
+
+    ReflectData reflectData = ReflectData.get();
+    Schema schemaV1 = reflectData.getSchema(PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1.class);
+    Schema schemaV2 = reflectData.getSchema(PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2.class);
+
+    ReflectDatumReader<PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(schemaV1,
+        schemaV2);
+
+    PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2 v2Pojo = new PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2();
+    reflectDatumReader.read(v2Pojo, decoder);
+
+    assertEquals(v1Pojo.id, v2Pojo.id);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.id, idValue);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.intId, FieldAccess.INT_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.floatId, FieldAccess.FLOAT_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.shortId, FieldAccess.SHORT_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.byteId, FieldAccess.BYTE_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.booleanId, FieldAccess.BOOLEAN_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.charId, FieldAccess.CHAR_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.longId, FieldAccess.LONG_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(v2Pojo.doubleId, FieldAccess.DOUBLE_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+  }
+
   public static class PojoWithList {
     private int id;
     private List<Integer> relatedIds;
@@ -167,6 +280,325 @@ public boolean equals(Object obj) {
         return false;
       return Arrays.equals(relatedIds, other.relatedIds);
     }
+  }
 
+  public static class PojoWithSet {
+    private int id;
+    private Set<Integer> relatedIds;
+
+    public int getId() {
+      return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+      this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Set<Integer> getRelatedIds() {
+      return relatedIds;
+    }
+
+    public void setRelatedIds(Set<Integer> relatedIds) {
+      this.relatedIds = relatedIds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + id;
+      result = prime * result + ((relatedIds == null) ? 0 : relatedIds.hashCode());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (this == obj)
+        return true;
+      if (obj == null)
+        return false;
+      if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+        return false;
+      PojoWithSet other = (PojoWithSet) obj;
+      if (id != other.id)
+        return false;
+      if (relatedIds == null) {
+        return other.relatedIds == null;
+      } else
+        return relatedIds.equals(other.relatedIds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class PojoWithMap {
+    private int id;
+    private Map<Integer, Integer> relatedIds;
+
+    public int getId() {
+      return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+      this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Map<Integer, Integer> getRelatedIds() {
+      return relatedIds;
+    }
+
+    public void setRelatedIds(Map<Integer, Integer> relatedIds) {
+      this.relatedIds = relatedIds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + id;
+      result = prime * result + ((relatedIds == null) ? 0 : relatedIds.hashCode());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (this == obj)
+        return true;
+      if (obj == null)
+        return false;
+      if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+        return false;
+      PojoWithMap other = (PojoWithMap) obj;
+      if (id != other.id)
+        return false;
+      if (relatedIds == null) {
+        return other.relatedIds == null;
+      } else
+        return relatedIds.equals(other.relatedIds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class PojoWithOptional {
+    private int id;
+
+    private Optional<Integer> relatedId;
+
+    public int getId() {
+      return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+      this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Integer> getRelatedId() {
+      return relatedId;
+    }
+
+    public void setRelatedId(Optional<Integer> relatedId) {
+      this.relatedId = relatedId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + id;
+      result = prime * result + ((relatedId == null) ? 0 : relatedId.hashCode());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (this == obj)
+        return true;
+      if (obj == null)
+        return false;
+      if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+        return false;
+      PojoWithOptional other = (PojoWithOptional) obj;
+      if (id != other.id)
+        return false;
+      if (relatedId == null) {
+        return other.relatedId == null;
+      } else
+        return relatedId.equals(other.relatedId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1 {
+
+    private int id;
+
+    public int getId() {
+      return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+      this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + id;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (this == obj)
+        return true;
+      if (obj == null)
+        return false;
+      if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+        return false;
+      PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1 other = (PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV1) obj;
+      return id == other.id;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2 {
+
+    private int id;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private int intId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private float floatId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private short shortId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private byte byteId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private boolean booleanId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private char charId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private long longId;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private double doubleId;
+
+    public int getId() {
+      return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+      this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public int getIntId() {
+      return intId;
+    }
+
+    public void setIntId(int intId) {
+      this.intId = intId;
+    }
+
+    public float getFloatId() {
+      return floatId;
+    }
+
+    public void setFloatId(float floatId) {
+      this.floatId = floatId;
+    }
+
+    public short getShortId() {
+      return shortId;
+    }
+
+    public void setShortId(short shortId) {
+      this.shortId = shortId;
+    }
+
+    public byte getByteId() {
+      return byteId;
+    }
+
+    public void setByteId(byte byteId) {
+      this.byteId = byteId;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBooleanId() {
+      return booleanId;
+    }
+
+    public void setBooleanId(boolean booleanId) {
+      this.booleanId = booleanId;
+    }
+
+    public char getCharId() {
+      return charId;
+    }
+
+    public void setCharId(char charId) {
+      this.charId = charId;
+    }
+
+    public long getLongId() {
+      return longId;
+    }
+
+    public void setLongId(long longId) {
+      this.longId = longId;
+    }
+
+    public double getDoubleId() {
+      return doubleId;
+    }
+
+    public void setDoubleId(double doubleId) {
+      this.doubleId = doubleId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      long temp;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + id;
+      result = prime * result + intId;
+      result = prime * result + (floatId != 0.0f ? Float.floatToIntBits(floatId) : 0);
+      result = prime * result + (int) shortId;
+      result = prime * result + (int) byteId;
+      result = prime * result + (booleanId ? 1 : 0);
+      result = prime * result + (int) charId;
+      result = prime * result + (int) (longId ^ (longId >>> 32));
+      temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(doubleId);
+      result = 31 * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o)
+        return true;
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
+        return false;
+      PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2 that = (PojoWithBasicTypeNullableAnnotationV2) o;
+      if (id != that.id)
+        return false;
+      if (intId != that.intId)
+        return false;
+      if (Float.compare(that.floatId, floatId) != 0)
+        return false;
+      if (shortId != that.shortId)
+        return false;
+      if (byteId != that.byteId)
+        return false;
+      if (booleanId != that.booleanId)
+        return false;
+      if (charId != that.charId)
+        return false;
+      if (longId != that.longId)
+        return false;
+      return Double.compare(that.doubleId, doubleId) == 0;
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumWithAnonymousInstances.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumWithAnonymousInstances.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a076593a56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectDatumWithAnonymousInstances.java
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.reflect;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-1851
+ */
+public class TestReflectDatumWithAnonymousInstances {
+  private static Pojo pojo;
+
+  @BeforeAll
+  public static void init() {
+    // 1. Anonymous instance
+    pojo = new Pojo() {
+      {
+        // 2. Anonymous instance
+        Person person = new Person() {
+          {
+            setAddress("Address");
+          }
+        };
+        setPerson(person);
+        // 3. Anonymous instance
+        setTestEnum(TestEnum.V);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Properly serializes and deserializes a POJO with an enum instance
+  // (TestEnum#V)
+  @Test
+  void handleProperlyEnumInstances() throws IOException {
+    byte[] output = serialize(pojo);
+    Pojo deserializedPojo = deserialize(output);
+    assertEquals(pojo, deserializedPojo);
+    assertTrue(deserializedPojo.getTestEnum().is_V());
+  }
+
+  private Pojo deserialize(byte[] input) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(input);
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(inputStream, null);
+    ReflectData reflectData = ReflectData.AllowNull.get();
+    ReflectDatumReader<Pojo> reflectDatumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(reflectData);
+    Schema schema = reflectData.getSchema(Pojo.class);
+    reflectDatumReader.setSchema(schema);
+    return reflectDatumReader.read(null, decoder);
+  }
+
+  private byte[] serialize(Pojo input) throws IOException {
+    // Reflect data that supports nulls
+    ReflectData reflectData = ReflectData.AllowNull.get();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(outputStream, null);
+    ReflectDatumWriter<Pojo> datumWriter = new ReflectDatumWriter<>(Pojo.class, reflectData);
+    datumWriter.write(input, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+    return outputStream.toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  private static class Pojo {
+    private TestEnum testEnum;
+    private Person person;
+
+    public TestEnum getTestEnum() {
+      return testEnum;
+    }
+
+    public void setTestEnum(TestEnum testEnum) {
+      this.testEnum = testEnum;
+    }
+
+    public Person getPerson() {
+      return person;
+    }
+
+    public void setPerson(Person person) {
+      this.person = person;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o)
+        return true;
+
+      if (o == null)
+        return false;
+
+      Class<?> thisClass = getClass();
+      while (thisClass.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        thisClass = thisClass.getSuperclass();
+      }
+
+      Class<?> oClass = o.getClass();
+      while (oClass.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        oClass = oClass.getSuperclass();
+      }
+
+      if (thisClass != oClass)
+        return false;
+
+      Pojo pojo = (Pojo) o;
+
+      if (testEnum != pojo.testEnum)
+        return false;
+      return person != null ? person.equals(pojo.person) : pojo.person == null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      int result = testEnum != null ? testEnum.hashCode() : 0;
+      result = 31 * result + (person != null ? person.hashCode() : 0);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "Pojo{" + "testEnum=" + testEnum + ", person=" + person + '}';
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class Person {
+    private String name;
+    private String address;
+
+    public String getName() {
+      return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+      this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getAddress() {
+      return address;
+    }
+
+    public void setAddress(String address) {
+      this.address = address;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o)
+        return true;
+
+      if (o == null)
+        return false;
+
+      Class<?> thisClass = getClass();
+      while (thisClass.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        thisClass = thisClass.getSuperclass();
+      }
+
+      Class<?> oClass = o.getClass();
+      while (oClass.isAnonymousClass()) {
+        oClass = oClass.getSuperclass();
+      }
+
+      if (thisClass != oClass)
+        return false;
+
+      Person person = (Person) o;
+
+      if (name != null ? !name.equals(person.name) : person.name != null)
+        return false;
+      return address != null ? address.equals(person.address) : person.address == null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
+      result = 31 * result + (address != null ? address.hashCode() : 0);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", address='" + address + '\'' + '}';
+    }
+  }
+
+  enum TestEnum {
+    V {
+      @Override
+      public boolean is_V() {
+        return true;
+      }
+    };
+
+    public boolean is_V() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectLogicalTypes.java
index c23a2f7369b..851ab95e3ea 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectLogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectLogicalTypes.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.reflect;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
@@ -44,24 +46,22 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Assume;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 /**
  * Tests various logical types * string => UUID * fixed and bytes => Decimal *
  * record => Pair
  */
 public class TestReflectLogicalTypes {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder temp = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File temp;
 
   public static final ReflectData REFLECT = new ReflectData();
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void addUUID() {
     REFLECT.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.UUIDConversion());
     REFLECT.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.DecimalConversion());
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public static void addUUID() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReflectedSchema() {
+  void reflectedSchema() {
     Schema expected = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUIDList.class.getName()).fields().name("uuids").type().array()
         .items().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     expected.getField("uuids").schema().addProp(SpecificData.CLASS_PROP, List.class.getName());
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public void testReflectedSchema() {
 
     Schema actual = REFLECT.getSchema(RecordWithUUIDList.class);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use the UUID logical type", expected, actual);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual, "Should use the UUID logical type");
   }
 
   // this can be static because the schema only comes from reflection
@@ -112,20 +112,20 @@ public int hashCode() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalBytes() throws IOException {
+  void decimalBytes() throws IOException {
     Schema schema = REFLECT.getSchema(DecimalRecordBytes.class);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes",
-        schema.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "DecimalRecordBytes", schema.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct logical type", LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2),
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("decimal").schema()));
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes", schema.getNamespace(),
+        "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals("DecimalRecordBytes", schema.getName(), "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2), LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("decimal").schema()),
+        "Should have the correct logical type");
 
     DecimalRecordBytes record = new DecimalRecordBytes();
     record.decimal = new BigDecimal("3.14");
 
     File test = write(REFLECT, schema, record);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should match the decimal after round trip", Collections.singletonList(record),
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(schema), test));
+    assertEquals(Collections.singletonList(record), read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(schema), test),
+        "Should match the decimal after round trip");
   }
 
   // this can be static because the schema only comes from reflection
@@ -160,20 +160,20 @@ public int hashCode() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDecimalFixed() throws IOException {
+  void decimalFixed() throws IOException {
     Schema schema = REFLECT.getSchema(DecimalRecordFixed.class);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes",
-        schema.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "DecimalRecordFixed", schema.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct logical type", LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2),
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("decimal").schema()));
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes", schema.getNamespace(),
+        "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals("DecimalRecordFixed", schema.getName(), "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2), LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("decimal").schema()),
+        "Should have the correct logical type");
 
     DecimalRecordFixed record = new DecimalRecordFixed();
     record.decimal = new BigDecimal("3.14");
 
     File test = write(REFLECT, schema, record);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should match the decimal after round trip", Collections.singletonList(record),
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(schema), test));
+    assertEquals(Collections.singletonList(record), read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(schema), test),
+        "Should match the decimal after round trip");
   }
 
   public static class Pair<X, Y> {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public static class PairRecord {
 
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public void testPairRecord() throws IOException {
+  void pairRecord() throws IOException {
     ReflectData model = new ReflectData();
     model.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversion<Pair>() {
       @Override
@@ -258,11 +258,11 @@ public IndexedRecord toRecord(Pair value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
     });
 
     LogicalTypes.register("pair", new LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory() {
-      private final LogicalType PAIR = new LogicalType("pair");
+      private final LogicalType pair = new LogicalType("pair");
 
       @Override
       public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
-        return PAIR;
+        return pair;
       }
 
       @Override
@@ -272,11 +272,11 @@ public String getTypeName() {
     });
 
     Schema schema = model.getSchema(PairRecord.class);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes",
-        schema.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "PairRecord", schema.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct logical type", "pair",
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("pair").schema()).getName());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.reflect.TestReflectLogicalTypes", schema.getNamespace(),
+        "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals("PairRecord", schema.getName(), "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals("pair", LogicalTypes.fromSchema(schema.getField("pair").schema()).getName(),
+        "Should have the correct logical type");
 
     PairRecord record = new PairRecord();
     record.pair = Pair.of(34L, 35L);
@@ -286,12 +286,12 @@ public String getTypeName() {
     File test = write(model, schema, record);
     Pair<Long, Long> actual = ((PairRecord) TestReflectLogicalTypes
         .<PairRecord>read(model.createDatumReader(schema), test).get(0)).pair;
-    Assert.assertEquals("Data should match after serialization round-trip", 34L, (long) actual.first);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Data should match after serialization round-trip", 35L, (long) actual.second);
+    assertEquals(34L, (long) actual.first, "Data should match after serialization round-trip");
+    assertEquals(35L, (long) actual.second, "Data should match after serialization round-trip");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUID() throws IOException {
+  void readUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
@@ -310,19 +310,19 @@ public void testReadUUID() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(ReflectData.get().getSchema(RecordWithStringUUID.class), r1, r2);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert Strings to UUIDs", expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test), "Should convert Strings to UUIDs");
 
     // verify that the field's type overrides the logical type
     Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidStringSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should not convert to UUID if accessor is String", Arrays.asList(r1, r2),
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(r1, r2), read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should not convert to UUID if accessor is String");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteUUID() throws IOException {
+  void writeUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
@@ -345,16 +345,16 @@ public void testWriteUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion", expected,
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion");
 
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidStringSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read uuid as String without UUID logical type", expected,
-        read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should read uuid as String without UUID logical type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteNullableUUID() throws IOException {
+  void writeNullableUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema nullableUuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().optionalString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(nullableUuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema().getTypes().get(1));
@@ -377,12 +377,12 @@ public void testWriteNullableUUID() throws IOException {
     Schema nullableUuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields()
         .optionalString("uuid").endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion", expected,
-        read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(nullableUuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(nullableUuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteNullableUUIDReadRequiredString() throws IOException {
+  void writeNullableUUIDReadRequiredString() throws IOException {
     Schema nullableUuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().optionalString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(nullableUuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema().getTypes().get(1));
@@ -405,94 +405,58 @@ public void testWriteNullableUUIDReadRequiredString() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion", expected,
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should read uuid as String without UUID conversion");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUIDMissingLogicalTypeUnsafe() throws IOException {
-    String unsafeValue = System.getProperty("avro.disable.unsafe");
-    try {
-      // only one FieldAccess can be set per JVM
-      System.clearProperty("avro.disable.unsafe");
-      Assume.assumeTrue(ReflectionUtil.getFieldAccess() instanceof FieldAccessUnsafe);
-
-      Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
-          .endRecord();
-      LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
+  void readUUIDMissingLogicalTypeReflect() throws IOException {
+    Assumptions.assumeTrue(ReflectionUtil.getFieldAccess() instanceof FieldAccessReflect);
 
-      UUID u1 = UUID.randomUUID();
+    Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
+        .endRecord();
+    LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
 
-      RecordWithStringUUID r1 = new RecordWithStringUUID();
-      r1.uuid = u1.toString();
+    UUID u1 = UUID.randomUUID();
 
-      File test = write(ReflectData.get().getSchema(RecordWithStringUUID.class), r1);
+    RecordWithStringUUID r1 = new RecordWithStringUUID();
+    r1.uuid = u1.toString();
 
-      RecordWithUUID datum = (RecordWithUUID) read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test).get(0);
-      Object uuid = datum.uuid;
-      Assert.assertTrue("UUID should be a String (unsafe)", uuid instanceof String);
-    } finally {
-      if (unsafeValue != null) {
-        System.setProperty("avro.disable.unsafe", unsafeValue);
-      }
-    }
+    File test = write(ReflectData.get().getSchema(RecordWithStringUUID.class), r1);
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test).get(0));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testReadUUIDMissingLogicalTypeReflect() throws IOException {
-    String unsafeValue = System.getProperty("avro.disable.unsafe");
-    try {
-      // only one FieldAccess can be set per JVM
-      System.setProperty("avro.disable.unsafe", "true");
-      Assume.assumeTrue(ReflectionUtil.getFieldAccess() instanceof FieldAccessReflect);
-
+  @Test
+  void writeUUIDMissingLogicalType() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(DataFileWriter.AppendWriteException.class, () -> {
       Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
           .endRecord();
       LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
 
       UUID u1 = UUID.randomUUID();
+      UUID u2 = UUID.randomUUID();
 
-      RecordWithStringUUID r1 = new RecordWithStringUUID();
-      r1.uuid = u1.toString();
+      RecordWithUUID r1 = new RecordWithUUID();
+      r1.uuid = u1;
+      RecordWithUUID r2 = new RecordWithUUID();
+      r2.uuid = u2;
 
-      File test = write(ReflectData.get().getSchema(RecordWithStringUUID.class), r1);
+      // write without using REFLECT, which has the logical type
+      File test = write(uuidSchema, r1, r2);
 
-      read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test).get(0);
-    } finally {
-      if (unsafeValue != null) {
-        System.setProperty("avro.disable.unsafe", unsafeValue);
-      }
-    }
-  }
+      // verify that the field's type overrides the logical type
+      Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields()
+          .requiredString("uuid").endRecord();
 
-  @Test(expected = DataFileWriter.AppendWriteException.class)
-  public void testWriteUUIDMissingLogicalType() throws IOException {
-    Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
-        .endRecord();
-    LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
-
-    UUID u1 = UUID.randomUUID();
-    UUID u2 = UUID.randomUUID();
-
-    RecordWithUUID r1 = new RecordWithUUID();
-    r1.uuid = u1;
-    RecordWithUUID r2 = new RecordWithUUID();
-    r2.uuid = u2;
-
-    // write without using REFLECT, which has the logical type
-    File test = write(uuidSchema, r1, r2);
-
-    // verify that the field's type overrides the logical type
-    Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
-        .endRecord();
-
-    // this fails with an AppendWriteException wrapping ClassCastException
-    // because the UUID isn't converted to a CharSequence expected internally
-    read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test);
+      // this fails with an AppendWriteException wrapping ClassCastException
+      // because the UUID isn't converted to a CharSequence expected internally
+      read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUIDGenericRecord() throws IOException {
+  void readUUIDGenericRecord() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidSchema = SchemaBuilder.record("RecordWithUUID").fields().requiredString("uuid").endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
 
@@ -511,19 +475,19 @@ public void testReadUUIDGenericRecord() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(ReflectData.get().getSchema(RecordWithStringUUID.class), r1, r2);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert Strings to UUIDs", expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidSchema), test), "Should convert Strings to UUIDs");
 
     // verify that the field's type overrides the logical type
     Schema uuidStringSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithStringUUID.class.getName()).fields().requiredString("uuid")
         .endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidSchema.getField("uuid").schema());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should not convert to UUID if accessor is String", Arrays.asList(r1, r2),
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test));
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(r1, r2), read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidStringSchema), test),
+        "Should not convert to UUID if accessor is String");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUIDArray() throws IOException {
+  void readUUIDArray() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidArraySchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUIDArray.class.getName()).fields().name("uuids").type()
         .array().items().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidArraySchema.getField("uuids").schema().getElementType());
@@ -539,12 +503,12 @@ public void testReadUUIDArray() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(uuidArraySchema, r);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert Strings to UUIDs", expected,
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidArraySchema), test).get(0));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidArraySchema), test).get(0),
+        "Should convert Strings to UUIDs");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteUUIDArray() throws IOException {
+  void writeUUIDArray() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidArraySchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUIDArray.class.getName()).fields().name("uuids").type()
         .array().items().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(uuidArraySchema.getField("uuids").schema().getElementType());
@@ -567,12 +531,12 @@ public void testWriteUUIDArray() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(REFLECT, uuidArraySchema, r);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read UUIDs as Strings", expected,
-        read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(stringArraySchema), test).get(0));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(ReflectData.get().createDatumReader(stringArraySchema), test).get(0),
+        "Should read UUIDs as Strings");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadUUIDList() throws IOException {
+  void readUUIDList() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidListSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUIDList.class.getName()).fields().name("uuids").type()
         .array().items().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     uuidListSchema.getField("uuids").schema().addProp(SpecificData.CLASS_PROP, List.class.getName());
@@ -589,12 +553,12 @@ public void testReadUUIDList() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(uuidListSchema, r);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should convert Strings to UUIDs", expected,
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidListSchema), test).get(0));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(uuidListSchema), test).get(0),
+        "Should convert Strings to UUIDs");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteUUIDList() throws IOException {
+  void writeUUIDList() throws IOException {
     Schema uuidListSchema = SchemaBuilder.record(RecordWithUUIDList.class.getName()).fields().name("uuids").type()
         .array().items().stringType().noDefault().endRecord();
     uuidListSchema.getField("uuids").schema().addProp(SpecificData.CLASS_PROP, List.class.getName());
@@ -615,20 +579,20 @@ public void testWriteUUIDList() throws IOException {
 
     File test = write(REFLECT, uuidListSchema, r);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should read UUIDs as Strings", expected,
-        read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(stringArraySchema), test).get(0));
+    assertEquals(expected, read(REFLECT.createDatumReader(stringArraySchema), test).get(0),
+        "Should read UUIDs as Strings");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReflectedSchemaLocalDateTime() {
+  void reflectedSchemaLocalDateTime() {
     Schema actual = REFLECT.getSchema(RecordWithTimestamps.class);
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "org.apache.avro.reflect", actual.getNamespace());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct record name", "RecordWithTimestamps", actual.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct physical type", Schema.Type.LONG,
-        actual.getField("localDateTime").schema().getType());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should have the correct logical type", LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis(),
-        LogicalTypes.fromSchema(actual.getField("localDateTime").schema()));
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.reflect", actual.getNamespace(), "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals("RecordWithTimestamps", actual.getName(), "Should have the correct record name");
+    assertEquals(Schema.Type.LONG, actual.getField("localDateTime").schema().getType(),
+        "Should have the correct physical type");
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis(),
+        LogicalTypes.fromSchema(actual.getField("localDateTime").schema()), "Should have the correct logical type");
   }
 
   private static <D> List<D> read(DatumReader<D> reader, File file) throws IOException {
@@ -649,7 +613,7 @@ private <D> File write(Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private <D> File write(GenericData model, Schema schema, D... data) throws IOException {
-    File file = temp.newFile();
+    File file = File.createTempFile("junit", null, temp);
     DatumWriter<D> writer = model.createDatumWriter(schema);
 
     try (DataFileWriter<D> fileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(writer)) {
@@ -764,6 +728,6 @@ public boolean equals(Object obj) {
       return false;
     }
     RecordWithTimestamps that = (RecordWithTimestamps) obj;
-    return Objects.equals(that.localDateTime, that.localDateTime);
+    return Objects.equals(localDateTime, that.localDateTime);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectionUtil.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectionUtil.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 515f9f345eb..00000000000
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/reflect/TestReflectionUtil.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.avro.reflect;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class TestReflectionUtil {
-
-  @Test
-  public void testUnsafeUtil() {
-    new Tester().checkUnsafe();
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testUnsafeWhenNotExists() throws Exception {
-    ClassLoader cl = new NoUnsafe();
-    Class<?> testerClass = cl.loadClass(Tester.class.getName());
-    testerClass.getDeclaredMethod("checkUnsafe").invoke(testerClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance());
-  }
-
-  public static final class Tester {
-    public Tester() {
-    }
-
-    public void checkUnsafe() {
-      ReflectionUtil.getFieldAccess();
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  private static final class NoUnsafe extends ClassLoader {
-    private ClassLoader parent = TestReflectionUtil.class.getClassLoader();
-
-    @Override
-    public java.lang.Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
-      Class<?> clazz = findLoadedClass(name);
-      if (clazz != null) {
-        return clazz;
-      }
-      if ("sun.misc.Unsafe".equals(name)) {
-        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
-      }
-      if (!name.startsWith("org.apache.avro.")) {
-        return parent.loadClass(name);
-      }
-
-      InputStream data = parent.getResourceAsStream(name.replace('.', '/') + ".class");
-      byte[] buf = new byte[10240]; // big enough, too lazy to loop
-      int size;
-      try {
-        size = data.read(buf);
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new ClassNotFoundException();
-      }
-      clazz = defineClass(name, buf, 0, size);
-      resolveClass(clazz);
-      return clazz;
-    }
-
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.java
index b7a89db6e59..1763a73144c 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.java
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
-/**
- * Autogenerated by Avro
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- * DO NOT EDIT DIRECTLY
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
  */
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
+import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
 import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -16,7 +29,7 @@ public class TestRecordWithLogicalTypes extends org.apache.avro.specific.Specifi
     implements org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecord {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 3313339903648295220L;
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse(
-      "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"TestRecordWithLogicalTypes\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},{\"name\":\"i32\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"i64\",\"type\":\"long\"},{\"name\":\"f32\",\"type\":\"float\"},{\"name\":\"f64\",\"type\":\"double\"},{\"name\":\"s\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"],\"default\":null},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}},{\"name\":\"t\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"time-millis\"}},{\"name\":\"ts\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"long\",\"logicalType\":\"timestamp-millis\"}},{\"name\":\"dec\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"logicalType\":\"decimal\",\"precision\":9,\"scale\":2}}]}");
+      "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"TestRecordWithLogicalTypes\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"b\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},{\"name\":\"i32\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"i64\",\"type\":\"long\"},{\"name\":\"f32\",\"type\":\"float\"},{\"name\":\"f64\",\"type\":\"double\"},{\"name\":\"s\",\"type\":[\"null\",\"string\"],\"default\":null},{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}},{\"name\":\"t\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"time-millis\"}},{\"name\":\"ts\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"long\",\"logicalType\":\"timestamp-millis\"}},{\"name\":\"dec\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"logicalType\":\"decimal\",\"precision\":9,\"scale\":2}},{\"name\":\"bd\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"logicalType\":\"big-decimal\"}}]}");
 
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() {
     return SCHEMA$;
@@ -77,6 +90,8 @@ public static TestRecordWithLogicalTypes fromByteBuffer(java.nio.ByteBuffer b) t
   public java.time.Instant ts;
   @Deprecated
   public java.math.BigDecimal dec;
+  @Deprecated
+  public java.math.BigDecimal bd;
 
   /**
    * Default constructor. Note that this does not initialize fields to their
@@ -99,10 +114,11 @@ public TestRecordWithLogicalTypes() {
    * @param t   The new value for t
    * @param ts  The new value for ts
    * @param dec The new value for dec
+   * @param bd  The new value for bd
    */
   public TestRecordWithLogicalTypes(java.lang.Boolean b, java.lang.Integer i32, java.lang.Long i64, java.lang.Float f32,
       java.lang.Double f64, java.lang.CharSequence s, java.time.LocalDate d, java.time.LocalTime t,
-      java.time.Instant ts, java.math.BigDecimal dec) {
+      java.time.Instant ts, java.math.BigDecimal dec, java.math.BigDecimal bd) {
     this.b = b;
     this.i32 = i32;
     this.i64 = i64;
@@ -113,6 +129,7 @@ public TestRecordWithLogicalTypes(java.lang.Boolean b, java.lang.Integer i32, ja
     this.t = t;
     this.ts = ts;
     this.dec = dec;
+    this.bd = bd;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -144,18 +161,24 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
       return ts;
     case 9:
       return dec;
+    case 10:
+      return bd;
     default:
-      throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index");
+      throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index " + field$);
     }
   }
 
   protected static final org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion DECIMAL_CONVERSION = new org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion();
+
+  protected static final Conversions.BigDecimalConversion BIG_DECIMAL_CONVERSION = new org.apache.avro.Conversions.BigDecimalConversion();
+
   protected static final TimeConversions.DateConversion DATE_CONVERSION = new TimeConversions.DateConversion();
   protected static final TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion TIME_CONVERSION = new TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion();
   protected static final TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion TIMESTAMP_CONVERSION = new TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion();
 
   private static final org.apache.avro.Conversion<?>[] conversions = new org.apache.avro.Conversion<?>[] { null, null,
-      null, null, null, null, DATE_CONVERSION, TIME_CONVERSION, TIMESTAMP_CONVERSION, DECIMAL_CONVERSION, null };
+      null, null, null, null, DATE_CONVERSION, TIME_CONVERSION, TIMESTAMP_CONVERSION, DECIMAL_CONVERSION,
+      BIG_DECIMAL_CONVERSION };
 
   @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Conversion<?> getConversion(int field) {
@@ -197,6 +220,9 @@ public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     case 9:
       dec = (java.math.BigDecimal) value$;
       break;
+    case 10:
+      bd = (java.math.BigDecimal) value$;
+      break;
     default:
       throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException("Bad index");
     }
@@ -438,6 +464,8 @@ public static class Builder extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBuild
     private java.time.Instant ts;
     private java.math.BigDecimal dec;
 
+    private java.math.BigDecimal bd;
+
     /** Creates a new Builder */
     private Builder() {
       super(SCHEMA$);
@@ -490,6 +518,10 @@ private Builder(TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.Builder other) {
         this.dec = data().deepCopy(fields()[9].schema(), other.dec);
         fieldSetFlags()[9] = other.fieldSetFlags()[9];
       }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[10], other.bd)) {
+        this.bd = data().deepCopy(fields()[10].schema(), other.bd);
+        fieldSetFlags()[10] = other.fieldSetFlags()[10];
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -539,6 +571,10 @@ private Builder(TestRecordWithLogicalTypes other) {
         this.dec = data().deepCopy(fields()[9].schema(), other.dec);
         fieldSetFlags()[9] = true;
       }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[10], other.bd)) {
+        this.bd = data().deepCopy(fields()[10].schema(), other.bd);
+        fieldSetFlags()[10] = true;
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -968,6 +1004,7 @@ public TestRecordWithLogicalTypes build() {
         record.t = fieldSetFlags()[7] ? this.t : (java.time.LocalTime) defaultValue(fields()[7]);
         record.ts = fieldSetFlags()[8] ? this.ts : (java.time.Instant) defaultValue(fields()[8]);
         record.dec = fieldSetFlags()[9] ? this.dec : (java.math.BigDecimal) defaultValue(fields()[9]);
+        record.bd = fieldSetFlags()[10] ? this.dec : (java.math.BigDecimal) defaultValue(fields()[10]);
         return record;
       } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
         throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException(e);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81572bc22c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.java
@@ -0,0 +1,875 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.specific;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.SchemaStore;
+
+@AvroGenerated
+public class TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays extends SpecificRecordBase implements SpecificRecord {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3823801533006425147L;
+
+  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse(
+      "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"arr\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"},\"default\":[]}},{\"name\":\"map\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"long\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\",\"default\":{}}},{\"name\":\"nested_arr\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"},\"default\":[]},\"default\":[]}},{\"name\":\"nested_map\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"long\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\",\"default\":{}},\"avro.java.string\":\"String\",\"default\":{}}}]}");
+
+  public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> ENCODER = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$,
+      SCHEMA$);
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> DECODER = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$,
+      SCHEMA$);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
+   * 
+   * @return the message encoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> getEncoder() {
+    return ENCODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageDecoder instance used by this class.
+   * 
+   * @return the message decoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> getDecoder() {
+    return DECODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class that uses the
+   * specified {@link SchemaStore}.
+   * 
+   * @param resolver a {@link SchemaStore} used to find schemas by fingerprint
+   * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given
+   *         SchemaStore
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes this TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays to a ByteBuffer.
+   * 
+   * @return a buffer holding the serialized data for this instance
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if this instance could not be serialized
+   */
+  public java.nio.ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() throws java.io.IOException {
+    return ENCODER.encode(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deserializes a TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays from a ByteBuffer.
+   * 
+   * @param b a byte buffer holding serialized data for an instance of this class
+   * @return a TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays instance decoded from the given buffer
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if the given bytes could not be deserialized into
+   *                             an instance of this class
+   */
+  public static TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays fromByteBuffer(java.nio.ByteBuffer b) throws java.io.IOException {
+    return DECODER.decode(b);
+  }
+
+  private java.util.List<String> arr;
+  private java.util.Map<String, Long> map;
+  private java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> nested_arr;
+  private java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> nested_map;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor. Note that this does not initialize fields to their
+   * default values from the schema. If that is desired then one should use
+   * <code>newBuilder()</code>.
+   */
+  public TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * All-args constructor.
+   * 
+   * @param arr        The new value for arr
+   * @param map        The new value for map
+   * @param nested_arr The new value for nested_arr
+   * @param nested_map The new value for nested_map
+   */
+  public TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays(java.util.List<String> arr, java.util.Map<String, Long> map,
+      java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> nested_arr,
+      java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> nested_map) {
+    this.arr = arr;
+    this.map = map;
+    this.nested_arr = nested_arr;
+    this.nested_map = nested_map;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SpecificData getSpecificData() {
+    return MODEL$;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumWriter. Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  public Object get(int field$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0:
+      return arr;
+    case 1:
+      return map;
+    case 2:
+      return nested_arr;
+    case 3:
+      return nested_map;
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumReader. Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
+  public void put(int field$, Object value$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0:
+      arr = (java.util.List<String>) value$;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      map = (java.util.Map<String, Long>) value$;
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      nested_arr = (java.util.List<java.util.List<String>>) value$;
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      nested_map = (java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>>) value$;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'arr' field.
+   * 
+   * @return The value of the 'arr' field.
+   */
+  public java.util.List<String> getArr() {
+    return arr;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'arr' field.
+   * 
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setArr(java.util.List<String> value) {
+    this.arr = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'map' field.
+   * 
+   * @return The value of the 'map' field.
+   */
+  public java.util.Map<String, Long> getMap() {
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'map' field.
+   * 
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setMap(java.util.Map<String, Long> value) {
+    this.map = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+   * 
+   * @return The value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+   */
+  public java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> getNestedArr() {
+    return nested_arr;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+   * 
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setNestedArr(java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> value) {
+    this.nested_arr = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'nested_map' field.
+   * 
+   * @return The value of the 'nested_map' field.
+   */
+  public java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> getNestedMap() {
+    return nested_map;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'nested_map' field.
+   * 
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setNestedMap(java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> value) {
+    this.nested_map = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder.
+   * 
+   * @return A new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder by copying an
+   * existing Builder.
+   * 
+   * @param other The existing builder to copy.
+   * @return A new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(Builder other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder by copying an
+   * existing TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays instance.
+   * 
+   * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+   * @return A new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * RecordBuilder for TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays instances.
+   */
+  @AvroGenerated
+  public static class Builder extends SpecificRecordBuilderBase<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays>
+      implements org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> {
+
+    private java.util.List<String> arr;
+    private java.util.Map<String, Long> map;
+    private java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> nested_arr;
+    private java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> nested_map;
+
+    /** Creates a new Builder */
+    private Builder() {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing Builder.
+     * 
+     * @param other The existing Builder to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(Builder other) {
+      super(other);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.arr)) {
+        this.arr = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.arr);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = other.fieldSetFlags()[0];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[1], other.map)) {
+        this.map = data().deepCopy(fields()[1].schema(), other.map);
+        fieldSetFlags()[1] = other.fieldSetFlags()[1];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[2], other.nested_arr)) {
+        this.nested_arr = data().deepCopy(fields()[2].schema(), other.nested_arr);
+        fieldSetFlags()[2] = other.fieldSetFlags()[2];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[3], other.nested_map)) {
+        this.nested_map = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nested_map);
+        fieldSetFlags()[3] = other.fieldSetFlags()[3];
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays instance
+     * 
+     * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays other) {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.arr)) {
+        this.arr = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.arr);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[1], other.map)) {
+        this.map = data().deepCopy(fields()[1].schema(), other.map);
+        fieldSetFlags()[1] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[2], other.nested_arr)) {
+        this.nested_arr = data().deepCopy(fields()[2].schema(), other.nested_arr);
+        fieldSetFlags()[2] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[3], other.nested_map)) {
+        this.nested_map = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nested_map);
+        fieldSetFlags()[3] = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the 'arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    public java.util.List<String> getArr() {
+      return arr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the 'arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @param value The value of 'arr'.
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder setArr(java.util.List<String> value) {
+      validate(fields()[0], value);
+      this.arr = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the 'arr' field has been set.
+     * 
+     * @return True if the 'arr' field has been set, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean hasArr() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the value of the 'arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder clearArr() {
+      arr = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the 'map' field.
+     * 
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    public java.util.Map<String, Long> getMap() {
+      return map;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the 'map' field.
+     * 
+     * @param value The value of 'map'.
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder setMap(java.util.Map<String, Long> value) {
+      validate(fields()[1], value);
+      this.map = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[1] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the 'map' field has been set.
+     * 
+     * @return True if the 'map' field has been set, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean hasMap() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[1];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the value of the 'map' field.
+     * 
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder clearMap() {
+      map = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[1] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    public java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> getNestedArr() {
+      return nested_arr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @param value The value of 'nested_arr'.
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder setNestedArr(java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> value) {
+      validate(fields()[2], value);
+      this.nested_arr = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[2] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the 'nested_arr' field has been set.
+     * 
+     * @return True if the 'nested_arr' field has been set, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNestedArr() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[2];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the value of the 'nested_arr' field.
+     * 
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder clearNestedArr() {
+      nested_arr = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[2] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the 'nested_map' field.
+     * 
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    public java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> getNestedMap() {
+      return nested_map;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the 'nested_map' field.
+     * 
+     * @param value The value of 'nested_map'.
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder setNestedMap(java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> value) {
+      validate(fields()[3], value);
+      this.nested_map = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[3] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the 'nested_map' field has been set.
+     * 
+     * @return True if the 'nested_map' field has been set, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNestedMap() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[3];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the value of the 'nested_map' field.
+     * 
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder clearNestedMap() {
+      nested_map = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[3] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays build() {
+      try {
+        TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays record = new TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays();
+        record.arr = fieldSetFlags()[0] ? this.arr : (java.util.List<String>) defaultValue(fields()[0]);
+        record.map = fieldSetFlags()[1] ? this.map : (java.util.Map<String, Long>) defaultValue(fields()[1]);
+        record.nested_arr = fieldSetFlags()[2] ? this.nested_arr
+            : (java.util.List<java.util.List<String>>) defaultValue(fields()[2]);
+        record.nested_map = fieldSetFlags()[3] ? this.nested_map
+            : (java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>>) defaultValue(fields()[3]);
+        return record;
+      } catch (org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out) throws java.io.IOException {
+    WRITER$.write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays> READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in) throws java.io.IOException {
+    READER$.read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected boolean hasCustomCoders() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void customEncode(org.apache.avro.io.Encoder out) throws java.io.IOException {
+    long size0 = this.arr.size();
+    out.writeArrayStart();
+    out.setItemCount(size0);
+    long actualSize0 = 0;
+    for (String e0 : this.arr) {
+      actualSize0++;
+      out.startItem();
+      out.writeString(e0);
+    }
+    out.writeArrayEnd();
+    if (actualSize0 != size0)
+      throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+          "Array-size written was " + size0 + ", but element count was " + actualSize0 + ".");
+
+    long size1 = this.map.size();
+    out.writeMapStart();
+    out.setItemCount(size1);
+    long actualSize1 = 0;
+    for (java.util.Map.Entry<String, Long> e1 : this.map.entrySet()) {
+      actualSize1++;
+      out.startItem();
+      out.writeString(e1.getKey());
+      Long v1 = e1.getValue();
+      out.writeLong(v1);
+    }
+    out.writeMapEnd();
+    if (actualSize1 != size1)
+      throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+          "Map-size written was " + size1 + ", but element count was " + actualSize1 + ".");
+
+    long size2 = this.nested_arr.size();
+    out.writeArrayStart();
+    out.setItemCount(size2);
+    long actualSize2 = 0;
+    for (java.util.List<String> e2 : this.nested_arr) {
+      actualSize2++;
+      out.startItem();
+      long size3 = e2.size();
+      out.writeArrayStart();
+      out.setItemCount(size3);
+      long actualSize3 = 0;
+      for (String e3 : e2) {
+        actualSize3++;
+        out.startItem();
+        out.writeString(e3);
+      }
+      out.writeArrayEnd();
+      if (actualSize3 != size3)
+        throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+            "Array-size written was " + size3 + ", but element count was " + actualSize3 + ".");
+    }
+    out.writeArrayEnd();
+    if (actualSize2 != size2)
+      throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+          "Array-size written was " + size2 + ", but element count was " + actualSize2 + ".");
+
+    long size4 = this.nested_map.size();
+    out.writeMapStart();
+    out.setItemCount(size4);
+    long actualSize4 = 0;
+    for (java.util.Map.Entry<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> e4 : this.nested_map.entrySet()) {
+      actualSize4++;
+      out.startItem();
+      out.writeString(e4.getKey());
+      java.util.Map<String, Long> v4 = e4.getValue();
+      long size5 = v4.size();
+      out.writeMapStart();
+      out.setItemCount(size5);
+      long actualSize5 = 0;
+      for (java.util.Map.Entry<String, Long> e5 : v4.entrySet()) {
+        actualSize5++;
+        out.startItem();
+        out.writeString(e5.getKey());
+        Long v5 = e5.getValue();
+        out.writeLong(v5);
+      }
+      out.writeMapEnd();
+      if (actualSize5 != size5)
+        throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+            "Map-size written was " + size5 + ", but element count was " + actualSize5 + ".");
+    }
+    out.writeMapEnd();
+    if (actualSize4 != size4)
+      throw new java.util.ConcurrentModificationException(
+          "Map-size written was " + size4 + ", but element count was " + actualSize4 + ".");
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void customDecode(org.apache.avro.io.ResolvingDecoder in) throws java.io.IOException {
+    org.apache.avro.Schema.Field[] fieldOrder = in.readFieldOrderIfDiff();
+    if (fieldOrder == null) {
+      long size0 = in.readArrayStart();
+      java.util.List<String> a0 = this.arr;
+      if (a0 == null) {
+        a0 = new SpecificData.Array<String>((int) size0, SCHEMA$.getField("arr").schema());
+        this.arr = a0;
+      } else
+        a0.clear();
+      SpecificData.Array<String> ga0 = (a0 instanceof SpecificData.Array ? (SpecificData.Array<String>) a0 : null);
+      for (; 0 < size0; size0 = in.arrayNext()) {
+        for (; size0 != 0; size0--) {
+          String e0 = (ga0 != null ? ga0.peek() : null);
+          e0 = in.readString();
+          a0.add(e0);
+        }
+      }
+
+      long size1 = in.readMapStart();
+      java.util.Map<String, Long> m1 = this.map; // Need fresh name due to limitation of macro system
+      if (m1 == null) {
+        m1 = new java.util.HashMap<String, Long>((int) size1);
+        this.map = m1;
+      } else
+        m1.clear();
+      for (; 0 < size1; size1 = in.mapNext()) {
+        for (; size1 != 0; size1--) {
+          String k1 = null;
+          k1 = in.readString();
+          Long v1 = null;
+          v1 = in.readLong();
+          m1.put(k1, v1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      long size2 = in.readArrayStart();
+      java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> a2 = this.nested_arr;
+      if (a2 == null) {
+        a2 = new SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>>((int) size2, SCHEMA$.getField("nested_arr").schema());
+        this.nested_arr = a2;
+      } else
+        a2.clear();
+      SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>> ga2 = (a2 instanceof SpecificData.Array
+          ? (SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>>) a2
+          : null);
+      for (; 0 < size2; size2 = in.arrayNext()) {
+        for (; size2 != 0; size2--) {
+          java.util.List<String> e2 = (ga2 != null ? ga2.peek() : null);
+          long size3 = in.readArrayStart();
+          java.util.List<String> a3 = e2;
+          if (a3 == null) {
+            a3 = new SpecificData.Array<String>((int) size3, SCHEMA$.getField("nested_arr").schema().getElementType());
+            e2 = a3;
+          } else
+            a3.clear();
+          SpecificData.Array<String> ga3 = (a3 instanceof SpecificData.Array ? (SpecificData.Array<String>) a3 : null);
+          for (; 0 < size3; size3 = in.arrayNext()) {
+            for (; size3 != 0; size3--) {
+              String e3 = (ga3 != null ? ga3.peek() : null);
+              e3 = in.readString();
+              a3.add(e3);
+            }
+          }
+          a2.add(e2);
+        }
+      }
+
+      long size4 = in.readMapStart();
+      java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> m4 = this.nested_map; // Need fresh name due to limitation of
+                                                                               // macro system
+      if (m4 == null) {
+        m4 = new java.util.HashMap<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>>((int) size4);
+        this.nested_map = m4;
+      } else
+        m4.clear();
+      for (; 0 < size4; size4 = in.mapNext()) {
+        for (; size4 != 0; size4--) {
+          String k4 = null;
+          k4 = in.readString();
+          java.util.Map<String, Long> v4 = null;
+          long size5 = in.readMapStart();
+          java.util.Map<String, Long> m5 = v4; // Need fresh name due to limitation of macro system
+          if (m5 == null) {
+            m5 = new java.util.HashMap<String, Long>((int) size5);
+            v4 = m5;
+          } else
+            m5.clear();
+          for (; 0 < size5; size5 = in.mapNext()) {
+            for (; size5 != 0; size5--) {
+              String k5 = null;
+              k5 = in.readString();
+              Long v5 = null;
+              v5 = in.readLong();
+              m5.put(k5, v5);
+            }
+          }
+          m4.put(k4, v4);
+        }
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        switch (fieldOrder[i].pos()) {
+        case 0:
+          long size0 = in.readArrayStart();
+          java.util.List<String> a0 = this.arr;
+          if (a0 == null) {
+            a0 = new SpecificData.Array<String>((int) size0, SCHEMA$.getField("arr").schema());
+            this.arr = a0;
+          } else
+            a0.clear();
+          SpecificData.Array<String> ga0 = (a0 instanceof SpecificData.Array ? (SpecificData.Array<String>) a0 : null);
+          for (; 0 < size0; size0 = in.arrayNext()) {
+            for (; size0 != 0; size0--) {
+              String e0 = (ga0 != null ? ga0.peek() : null);
+              e0 = in.readString();
+              a0.add(e0);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 1:
+          long size1 = in.readMapStart();
+          java.util.Map<String, Long> m1 = this.map; // Need fresh name due to limitation of macro system
+          if (m1 == null) {
+            m1 = new java.util.HashMap<String, Long>((int) size1);
+            this.map = m1;
+          } else
+            m1.clear();
+          for (; 0 < size1; size1 = in.mapNext()) {
+            for (; size1 != 0; size1--) {
+              String k1 = null;
+              k1 = in.readString();
+              Long v1 = null;
+              v1 = in.readLong();
+              m1.put(k1, v1);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 2:
+          long size2 = in.readArrayStart();
+          java.util.List<java.util.List<String>> a2 = this.nested_arr;
+          if (a2 == null) {
+            a2 = new SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>>((int) size2, SCHEMA$.getField("nested_arr").schema());
+            this.nested_arr = a2;
+          } else
+            a2.clear();
+          SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>> ga2 = (a2 instanceof SpecificData.Array
+              ? (SpecificData.Array<java.util.List<String>>) a2
+              : null);
+          for (; 0 < size2; size2 = in.arrayNext()) {
+            for (; size2 != 0; size2--) {
+              java.util.List<String> e2 = (ga2 != null ? ga2.peek() : null);
+              long size3 = in.readArrayStart();
+              java.util.List<String> a3 = e2;
+              if (a3 == null) {
+                a3 = new SpecificData.Array<String>((int) size3,
+                    SCHEMA$.getField("nested_arr").schema().getElementType());
+                e2 = a3;
+              } else
+                a3.clear();
+              SpecificData.Array<String> ga3 = (a3 instanceof SpecificData.Array ? (SpecificData.Array<String>) a3
+                  : null);
+              for (; 0 < size3; size3 = in.arrayNext()) {
+                for (; size3 != 0; size3--) {
+                  String e3 = (ga3 != null ? ga3.peek() : null);
+                  e3 = in.readString();
+                  a3.add(e3);
+                }
+              }
+              a2.add(e2);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 3:
+          long size4 = in.readMapStart();
+          java.util.Map<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>> m4 = this.nested_map; // Need fresh name due to limitation
+                                                                                   // of macro system
+          if (m4 == null) {
+            m4 = new java.util.HashMap<String, java.util.Map<String, Long>>((int) size4);
+            this.nested_map = m4;
+          } else
+            m4.clear();
+          for (; 0 < size4; size4 = in.mapNext()) {
+            for (; size4 != 0; size4--) {
+              String k4 = null;
+              k4 = in.readString();
+              java.util.Map<String, Long> v4 = null;
+              long size5 = in.readMapStart();
+              java.util.Map<String, Long> m5 = v4; // Need fresh name due to limitation of macro system
+              if (m5 == null) {
+                m5 = new java.util.HashMap<String, Long>((int) size5);
+                v4 = m5;
+              } else
+                m5.clear();
+              for (; 0 < size5; size5 = in.mapNext()) {
+                for (; size5 != 0; size5--) {
+                  String k5 = null;
+                  k5 = in.readString();
+                  Long v5 = null;
+                  v5 = in.readLong();
+                  m5.put(k5, v5);
+                }
+              }
+              m4.put(k4, v4);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          throw new java.io.IOException("Corrupt ResolvingDecoder.");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
index 12d8ddbcc83..5c8cad85331 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /*
  * If integerClass is primitive, reflection to find method will
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class TestSpecificData {
   private Class<?> intClass;
   private Class<?> integerClass;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
     Schema intSchema = Schema.create(Type.INT);
     intClass = SpecificData.get().getClass(intSchema);
@@ -57,29 +57,33 @@ public void setUp() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testClassTypes() {
+  void classTypes() {
     assertTrue(intClass.isPrimitive());
     assertFalse(integerClass.isPrimitive());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitiveParam() throws Exception {
+  void primitiveParam() throws Exception {
     assertNotNull(Reflection.class.getMethod("primitive", intClass));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NoSuchMethodException.class)
-  public void testPrimitiveParamError() throws Exception {
-    Reflection.class.getMethod("primitiveWrapper", intClass);
+  @Test
+  void primitiveParamError() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(NoSuchMethodException.class, () -> {
+      Reflection.class.getMethod("primitiveWrapper", intClass);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitiveWrapperParam() throws Exception {
+  void primitiveWrapperParam() throws Exception {
     assertNotNull(Reflection.class.getMethod("primitiveWrapper", integerClass));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = NoSuchMethodException.class)
-  public void testPrimitiveWrapperParamError() throws Exception {
-    Reflection.class.getMethod("primitive", integerClass);
+  @Test
+  void primitiveWrapperParamError() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(NoSuchMethodException.class, () -> {
+      Reflection.class.getMethod("primitive", integerClass);
+    });
   }
 
   static class Reflection {
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ public Schema getSchema() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificRecordBase() {
+  void specificRecordBase() {
     final TestRecord record = new TestRecord();
     record.put("x", 1);
     record.put("y", "str");
@@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ public void testSpecificRecordBase() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testExternalizeable() throws Exception {
+  void externalizeable() throws Exception {
     final TestRecord before = new TestRecord();
     before.put("x", 1);
     before.put("y", "str");
@@ -162,7 +166,7 @@ public void testExternalizeable() throws Exception {
 
   /** Tests that non Stringable datum are rejected by specific writers. */
   @Test
-  public void testNonStringable() throws Exception {
+  void nonStringable() throws Exception {
     final Schema string = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
     final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     final Encoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(baos, null);
@@ -174,4 +178,16 @@ public void testNonStringable() throws Exception {
       // Expected error
     }
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void classNameContainingReservedWords() {
+    final Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("AnyName", null, "db.public.table", false);
+
+    assertEquals("db.public$.table.AnyName", SpecificData.getClassName(schema));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCanGetClassOfMangledType() {
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.specific.int$", SpecificData.getClassName(int$.getClassSchema()));
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c10b74cde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.specific;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestSpecificDatumReader {
+
+  @Test
+  void readMyData() throws IOException {
+    // Check that method newInstanceFromString from SpecificDatumReader extension is
+    // called.
+    final EncoderFactory e_factory = new EncoderFactory().configureBufferSize(30);
+    final DecoderFactory factory = new DecoderFactory().configureDecoderBufferSize(30);
+
+    final MyReader reader = new MyReader();
+    reader.setExpected(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+    reader.setSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(30);
+    final BinaryEncoder encoder = e_factory.binaryEncoder(out, null);
+    encoder.writeString(new Utf8("Hello"));
+    encoder.flush();
+
+    final BinaryDecoder decoder = factory.binaryDecoder(out.toByteArray(), null);
+    reader.getData().setFastReaderEnabled(false);
+    final MyData read = reader.read(null, decoder);
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(read, "MyReader.newInstanceFromString was not called");
+    Assertions.assertEquals("Hello", read.getContent());
+  }
+
+  public static class MyData {
+    private final String content;
+
+    public MyData(String content) {
+      this.content = content;
+    }
+
+    public String getContent() {
+      return content;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class MyReader extends SpecificDatumReader<MyData> {
+
+    @Override
+    protected Class findStringClass(Schema schema) {
+      return MyData.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object newInstanceFromString(Class c, String s) {
+      return new MyData(s);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordWithUnion.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordWithUnion.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e64b3f4c220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordWithUnion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.specific;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.Decoder;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class TestSpecificRecordWithUnion {
+  @Test
+  void unionLogicalDecimalConversion() throws IOException {
+    final TestUnionRecord record = TestUnionRecord.newBuilder().setAmount(BigDecimal.ZERO).build();
+    final Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.unionOf().nullType().and().type(record.getSchema()).endUnion();
+
+    byte[] recordBytes = serializeRecord(
+        "{ \"org.apache.avro.specific.TestUnionRecord\": { \"amount\": { \"bytes\": \"\\u0000\" } } }", schema);
+
+    SpecificDatumReader<SpecificRecord> specificDatumReader = new SpecificDatumReader<>(schema);
+    ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(recordBytes);
+    Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(byteArrayInputStream, null);
+    final SpecificRecord deserialized = specificDatumReader.read(null, decoder);
+    assertEquals(record, deserialized);
+  }
+
+  public static byte[] serializeRecord(String value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    DatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
+    Object object = reader.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, value));
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+    DatumWriter<Object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+    writer.write(object, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+    byte[] bytes = out.toByteArray();
+    out.close();
+    return bytes;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificToFromByteArray.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificToFromByteArray.java
index 9bf40059bf4..f81dde37407 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificToFromByteArray.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificToFromByteArray.java
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
 import org.apache.avro.message.MissingSchemaException;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -30,12 +33,10 @@
 import java.time.LocalTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 public class TestSpecificToFromByteArray {
 
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificToFromByteBufferWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
+  void specificToFromByteBufferWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
     // Java 9+ comes with NANO precision and since we encode it using millis
     // precision
     // Therefore we won't want to have NANOs in the input
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public void testSpecificToFromByteBufferWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
     Instant instant = Instant.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
 
     final TestRecordWithLogicalTypes record = new TestRecordWithLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F, 3019.34, null,
-        LocalDate.now(), t, instant, new BigDecimal("123.45"));
+        LocalDate.now(), t, instant, new BigDecimal("123.45"), new BigDecimal(-23.456562323));
 
     final ByteBuffer b = record.toByteBuffer();
     final TestRecordWithLogicalTypes copy = TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.fromByteBuffer(b);
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public void testSpecificToFromByteBufferWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificToFromByteBufferWithoutLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
+  void specificToFromByteBufferWithoutLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
     final TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes record = new TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F, 3019.34, null,
         (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000, (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000, System.currentTimeMillis(),
         new Conversions.DecimalConversion().toBytes(new BigDecimal("123.45"), null, LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2)));
@@ -63,23 +64,28 @@ public void testSpecificToFromByteBufferWithoutLogicalTypes() throws IOException
     assertEquals(record, copy);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = MissingSchemaException.class)
-  public void testSpecificByteArrayIncompatibleWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
-    final TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes withoutLogicalTypes = new TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F,
-        3019.34, null, (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000, (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000,
-        System.currentTimeMillis(),
-        new Conversions.DecimalConversion().toBytes(new BigDecimal("123.45"), null, LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2)));
+  @Test
+  void specificByteArrayIncompatibleWithLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(MissingSchemaException.class, () -> {
+      final TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes withoutLogicalTypes = new TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F,
+          3019.34, null, (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000, (int) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000,
+          System.currentTimeMillis(),
+          new Conversions.DecimalConversion().toBytes(new BigDecimal("123.45"), null, LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2)));
 
-    final ByteBuffer b = withoutLogicalTypes.toByteBuffer();
-    TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.fromByteBuffer(b);
+      final ByteBuffer b = withoutLogicalTypes.toByteBuffer();
+      TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.fromByteBuffer(b);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = MissingSchemaException.class)
-  public void testSpecificByteArrayIncompatibleWithoutLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
-    final TestRecordWithLogicalTypes withLogicalTypes = new TestRecordWithLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F, 3019.34,
-        null, LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now(), Instant.now(), new BigDecimal("123.45"));
+  @Test
+  void specificByteArrayIncompatibleWithoutLogicalTypes() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(MissingSchemaException.class, () -> {
+      final TestRecordWithLogicalTypes withLogicalTypes = new TestRecordWithLogicalTypes(true, 34, 35L, 3.14F, 3019.34,
+          null, LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now(), Instant.now(), new BigDecimal("123.45"),
+          new BigDecimal(-23.456562323));
 
-    final ByteBuffer b = withLogicalTypes.toByteBuffer();
-    TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes.fromByteBuffer(b);
+      final ByteBuffer b = withLogicalTypes.toByteBuffer();
+      TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes.fromByteBuffer(b);
+    });
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestUnionRecord.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestUnionRecord.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57c86a96ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestUnionRecord.java
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.specific;
+
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.SchemaStore;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("all")
+@AvroGenerated
+public class TestUnionRecord extends SpecificRecordBase implements SpecificRecord {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3829374192747523457L;
+
+  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse(
+      "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"TestUnionRecord\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"amount\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"logicalType\":\"decimal\",\"precision\":31,\"scale\":8}],\"default\":null}]}");
+
+  public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
+  static {
+    MODEL$.addLogicalTypeConversion(new org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion());
+  }
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<TestUnionRecord> ENCODER = new BinaryMessageEncoder<TestUnionRecord>(MODEL$,
+      SCHEMA$);
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<TestUnionRecord> DECODER = new BinaryMessageDecoder<TestUnionRecord>(MODEL$,
+      SCHEMA$);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
+   *
+   * @return the message encoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<TestUnionRecord> getEncoder() {
+    return ENCODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageDecoder instance used by this class.
+   *
+   * @return the message decoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<TestUnionRecord> getDecoder() {
+    return DECODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class that uses the
+   * specified {@link SchemaStore}.
+   *
+   * @param resolver a {@link SchemaStore} used to find schemas by fingerprint
+   * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given
+   *         SchemaStore
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<TestUnionRecord> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<TestUnionRecord>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes this TestUnionRecord to a ByteBuffer.
+   *
+   * @return a buffer holding the serialized data for this instance
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if this instance could not be serialized
+   */
+  public java.nio.ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() throws java.io.IOException {
+    return ENCODER.encode(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deserializes a TestUnionRecord from a ByteBuffer.
+   *
+   * @param b a byte buffer holding serialized data for an instance of this class
+   * @return a TestUnionRecord instance decoded from the given buffer
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if the given bytes could not be deserialized into
+   *                             an instance of this class
+   */
+  public static TestUnionRecord fromByteBuffer(java.nio.ByteBuffer b) throws java.io.IOException {
+    return DECODER.decode(b);
+  }
+
+  private java.math.BigDecimal amount;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor. Note that this does not initialize fields to their
+   * default values from the schema. If that is desired then one should use
+   * <code>newBuilder()</code>.
+   */
+  public TestUnionRecord() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * All-args constructor.
+   *
+   * @param amount The new value for amount
+   */
+  public TestUnionRecord(java.math.BigDecimal amount) {
+    this.amount = amount;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SpecificData getSpecificData() {
+    return MODEL$;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumWriter. Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  public Object get(int field$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0:
+      return amount;
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumReader. Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
+  public void put(int field$, Object value$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0:
+      amount = (java.math.BigDecimal) value$;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'amount' field.
+   *
+   * @return The value of the 'amount' field.
+   */
+  public java.math.BigDecimal getAmount() {
+    return amount;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'amount' field.
+   *
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setAmount(java.math.BigDecimal value) {
+    this.amount = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder.
+   *
+   * @return A new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder by copying an existing Builder.
+   *
+   * @param other The existing builder to copy.
+   * @return A new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(Builder other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder by copying an existing
+   * TestUnionRecord instance.
+   *
+   * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+   * @return A new TestUnionRecord RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(TestUnionRecord other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * RecordBuilder for TestUnionRecord instances.
+   */
+  @AvroGenerated
+  public static class Builder extends SpecificRecordBuilderBase<TestUnionRecord>
+      implements org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<TestUnionRecord> {
+
+    private java.math.BigDecimal amount;
+
+    /** Creates a new Builder */
+    private Builder() {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing Builder.
+     *
+     * @param other The existing Builder to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(Builder other) {
+      super(other);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.amount)) {
+        this.amount = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.amount);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = other.fieldSetFlags()[0];
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing TestUnionRecord instance
+     *
+     * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(TestUnionRecord other) {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.amount)) {
+        this.amount = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.amount);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value of the 'amount' field.
+     *
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    public java.math.BigDecimal getAmount() {
+      return amount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the 'amount' field.
+     *
+     * @param value The value of 'amount'.
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder setAmount(java.math.BigDecimal value) {
+      validate(fields()[0], value);
+      this.amount = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the 'amount' field has been set.
+     *
+     * @return True if the 'amount' field has been set, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAmount() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the value of the 'amount' field.
+     *
+     * @return This builder.
+     */
+    public Builder clearAmount() {
+      amount = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public TestUnionRecord build() {
+      try {
+        TestUnionRecord record = new TestUnionRecord();
+        record.amount = fieldSetFlags()[0] ? this.amount : (java.math.BigDecimal) defaultValue(fields()[0]);
+        return record;
+      } catch (org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<TestUnionRecord> WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<TestUnionRecord>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out) throws java.io.IOException {
+    WRITER$.write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<TestUnionRecord> READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<TestUnionRecord>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in) throws java.io.IOException {
+    READER$.read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/int$.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/int$.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..586d4219124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/int$.java
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/**
+ * Autogenerated by Avro
+ *
+ * DO NOT EDIT DIRECTLY
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.specific;
+
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.SchemaStore;
+
+@AvroGenerated
+public class int$ extends SpecificRecordBase implements SpecificRecord {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 3003385205621277651L;
+
+  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser()
+      .parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"int\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.specific\",\"fields\":[]}");
+
+  public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<int$> ENCODER = new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<int$> DECODER = new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
+   * 
+   * @return the message encoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<int$> getEncoder() {
+    return ENCODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageDecoder instance used by this class.
+   * 
+   * @return the message decoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<int$> getDecoder() {
+    return DECODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class that uses the
+   * specified {@link SchemaStore}.
+   * 
+   * @param resolver a {@link SchemaStore} used to find schemas by fingerprint
+   * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given
+   *         SchemaStore
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<int$> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes this int to a ByteBuffer.
+   * 
+   * @return a buffer holding the serialized data for this instance
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if this instance could not be serialized
+   */
+  public java.nio.ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() throws java.io.IOException {
+    return ENCODER.encode(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deserializes a int from a ByteBuffer.
+   * 
+   * @param b a byte buffer holding serialized data for an instance of this class
+   * @return a int instance decoded from the given buffer
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if the given bytes could not be deserialized into
+   *                             an instance of this class
+   */
+  public static int$ fromByteBuffer(java.nio.ByteBuffer b) throws java.io.IOException {
+    return DECODER.decode(b);
+  }
+
+  public SpecificData getSpecificData() {
+    return MODEL$;
+  }
+
+  public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() {
+    return SCHEMA$;
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumWriter. Applications should not call.
+  public Object get(int field$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumReader. Applications should not call.
+  @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
+  public void put(int field$, Object value$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    default:
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new int$ RecordBuilder.
+   * 
+   * @return A new int$ RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new int$ RecordBuilder by copying an existing Builder.
+   * 
+   * @param other The existing builder to copy.
+   * @return A new int$ RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(Builder other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new int$ RecordBuilder by copying an existing int$ instance.
+   * 
+   * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+   * @return A new int$ RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(int$ other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * RecordBuilder for int$ instances.
+   */
+  @AvroGenerated
+  public static class Builder extends SpecificRecordBuilderBase<int$>
+      implements org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<int$> {
+
+    /** Creates a new Builder */
+    private Builder() {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing Builder.
+     * 
+     * @param other The existing Builder to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(Builder other) {
+      super(other);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing int$ instance
+     * 
+     * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(int$ other) {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public int$ build() {
+      try {
+        int$ record = new int$();
+        return record;
+      } catch (org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<int$> WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<int$>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out) throws java.io.IOException {
+    WRITER$.write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<int$> READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<int$>) MODEL$
+      .createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override
+  public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in) throws java.io.IOException {
+    READER$.read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected boolean hasCustomCoders() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void customEncode(org.apache.avro.io.Encoder out) throws java.io.IOException {
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void customDecode(org.apache.avro.io.ResolvingDecoder in) throws java.io.IOException {
+    org.apache.avro.Schema.Field[] fieldOrder = in.readFieldOrderIfDiff();
+    if (fieldOrder == null) {
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 0; i++) {
+        switch (fieldOrder[i].pos()) {
+        default:
+          throw new java.io.IOException("Corrupt ResolvingDecoder.");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestCaseFinder.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestCaseFinder.java
index 3c8ef0ce7d7..5cc695766d7 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestCaseFinder.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestCaseFinder.java
@@ -17,35 +17,24 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.util;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.experimental.runners.Enclosed;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
-
-@RunWith(Enclosed.class)
 public class TestCaseFinder {
 
-  @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+  @Nested
   public static class SimpleCases {
-    String input, label;
-    List<Object[]> expectedOutput;
-
-    public SimpleCases(String input, String label, Object[][] ex) {
-      this.input = input;
-      this.label = label;
-      this.expectedOutput = Arrays.asList(ex);
-    }
 
-    @Parameters
     public static List<Object[]> cases() {
       List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
       result.add(new Object[] { "", "foo", new Object[][] {} });
@@ -70,37 +59,49 @@ public static List<Object[]> cases() {
       return result;
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOutput() throws Exception {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("cases")
+    void output(String input, String label, Object[][] ex) throws Exception {
       List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
       CaseFinder.find(mk(input), label, result);
-      assertTrue(pr(result), eq(result, expectedOutput));
+      List<Object[]> expectedOutput = Arrays.asList(ex);
+      assertTrue(eq(result, expectedOutput), pr(result));
     }
   }
 
-  public static class NonParameterized {
-    @Test(expected = java.lang.IllegalArgumentException.class)
-    public void testBadDocLabel1() throws Exception {
-      List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
-      CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT blah"), "", result);
+  @Nested
+  public class NonParameterized {
+
+    @Test
+    void badDocLabel1() throws Exception {
+      assertThrows(java.lang.IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+        List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT blah"), "", result);
+      });
     }
 
-    @Test(expected = java.lang.IllegalArgumentException.class)
-    public void testBadDocLabel2() throws Exception {
-      List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
-      CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT blah"), "kill-er", result);
+    @Test
+    void badDocLabel2() throws Exception {
+      assertThrows(java.lang.IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+        List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT blah"), "kill-er", result);
+      });
     }
 
-    @Test(expected = java.io.IOException.class)
-    public void testBadSingleLineHeredoc() throws Exception {
-      List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
-      CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUTblah"), "foo", result);
+    @Test
+    void badSingleLineHeredoc() throws Exception {
+      assertThrows(java.io.IOException.class, () -> {
+        List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUTblah"), "foo", result);
+      });
     }
 
-    @Test(expected = java.io.IOException.class)
-    public void testUnterminatedHeredoc() throws Exception {
-      List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
-      CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT"), "foo", result);
+    @Test
+    void unterminatedHeredoc() throws Exception {
+      assertThrows(java.io.IOException.class, () -> {
+        List<Object[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        CaseFinder.find(mk("<<INPUT"), "foo", result);
+      });
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestRandomData.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestRandomData.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa4ff77b674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestRandomData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
+import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class TestRandomData {
+  private long seed;
+
+  private int count;
+
+  private File file;
+  private GenericData genericData;
+  private SpecificData specificData;
+  private Schema specificSchema;
+  private ReflectData reflectData;
+  private Schema reflectedSchema;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    file = Files.createTempFile("randomData", ".avro").toFile();
+    seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    count = new Random().nextInt(50) + 75;
+
+    genericData = GenericData.get();
+    specificData = SpecificData.get();
+    specificSchema = specificData.getSchema(SpecificTestRecord.class);
+    reflectData = ReflectData.get();
+    reflectedSchema = reflectData.getSchema(ReflectTestRecord.class);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromGenericToGeneric() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+    checkRead(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromGenericToSpecific() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+    checkRead(specificData, specificSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromGenericToReflected() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+    checkRead(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromSpecificToGeneric() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(specificData, specificSchema);
+    checkRead(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromSpecificToSpecific() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(specificData, specificSchema);
+    checkRead(specificData, specificSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromSpecificToReflected() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(specificData, specificSchema);
+    checkRead(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromReflectedToGeneric() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+    checkRead(genericData, TEST_SCHEMA);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromReflectedToSpecific() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+    checkRead(specificData, specificSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRandomDataFromReflectedToReflected() throws IOException {
+    checkWrite(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+    checkRead(reflectData, reflectedSchema);
+  }
+
+  private void checkWrite(GenericData genericData, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    // noinspection unchecked
+    try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<Object>(genericData.createDatumWriter(schema))) {
+      writer.create(schema, file);
+      for (Object datum : new RandomData(genericData, schema, this.count, seed)) {
+        writer.append(datum);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void checkRead(GenericData genericData, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    // noinspection unchecked
+    try (DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<Object>(file, genericData.createDatumReader(schema))) {
+      for (Object expected : new RandomData(genericData, schema, this.count, seed)) {
+        assertEquals(expected, reader.next());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Test classes: they implement the same schema, but one is a SpecificRecord and
+   * the other uses a reflected schema.
+   */
+
+  public static final String TEST_SCHEMA_JSON = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"}}]}";
+
+  public static final Schema TEST_SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse(TEST_SCHEMA_JSON);
+
+  public static class SpecificTestRecord extends SpecificRecordBase {
+    public static final Schema SCHEMA$ = new Schema.Parser().parse(TEST_SCHEMA_JSON.replace("\"name\":\"Record\"",
+        "\"name\":\"" + SpecificTestRecord.class.getCanonicalName() + "\""));
+    private int x;
+    private String y;
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getSchema() {
+      return SCHEMA$;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void put(int i, Object v) {
+      switch (i) {
+      case 0:
+        x = (Integer) v;
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        y = (String) v;
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object get(int i) {
+      switch (i) {
+      case 0:
+        return x;
+      case 1:
+        return y;
+      }
+      throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class ReflectTestRecord {
+    private int x;
+    private String y;
+
+    public int getX() {
+      return x;
+    }
+
+    public void setX(int x) {
+      this.x = x;
+    }
+
+    public String getY() {
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    public void setY(String y) {
+      this.y = y;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      ReflectTestRecord that = (ReflectTestRecord) o;
+      return x == that.x && Objects.equals(y, that.y);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return Objects.hash(x, y);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return String.format("{\"x\": %d, \"y\": \"%s\"}", x, y);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemaResolver.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemaResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a340b7fa5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemaResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class TestSchemaResolver {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResolving() throws IOException {
+    // Path testIdl = Paths.get(".", "src", "test", "idl",
+    // "cycle.avdl").toAbsolutePath();
+    // IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+    // IdlFile idlFile = parser.parse(testIdl);
+    // Protocol protocol = idlFile.getProtocol();
+    // System.out.println(protocol);
+    // Assert.assertEquals(5, protocol.getTypes().size());
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError1() {
+    // No "org.apache.avro.idl.unresolved.name" property
+    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").fields().endRecord();
+    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError2() {
+    // No "UnresolvedSchema" property
+    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").prop("org.apache.avro.idl.unresolved.name", "x").fields().endRecord();
+    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError3() {
+    // Namespace not "org.apache.avro.compiler".
+    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("UnresolvedSchema").prop("org.apache.avro.idl.unresolved.name", "x").fields()
+        .endRecord();
+    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testGetUnresolvedSchemaNameError() {
+    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.fixed("a").size(10);
+    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemas.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemas.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6609819299c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestSchemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestSchemas {
+
+  private static class TestVisitor implements SchemaVisitor<String> {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+      sb.append(terminal);
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+      String n = nonTerminal.getName();
+      sb.append(n).append('.');
+      if (n.startsWith("t")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
+      } else if (n.startsWith("ss")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
+      } else if (n.startsWith("st")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+      } else {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+      sb.append("!");
+      String n = nonTerminal.getName();
+      if (n.startsWith("ct")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
+      } else if (n.startsWith("css")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
+      } else if (n.startsWith("cst")) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+      } else {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String get() {
+      return sb.toString();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit1() {
+    String s1 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"t1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
+        + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("t1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s1), new TestVisitor()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit2() {
+    String s2 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
+        + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s2), new TestVisitor()));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit3() {
+    String s3 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ss1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
+        + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("ss1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s3), new TestVisitor()));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit4() {
+    String s4 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"st1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
+        + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("st1.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s4), new TestVisitor()));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit5() {
+    String s5 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\"!\"long\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s5), new TestVisitor()));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit6() {
+    String s6 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ss2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ss2.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s6), new TestVisitor()));
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit7() {
+    String s7 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"css2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.css2.\"int\"!!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s7), new TestVisitor()));
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+  public void testVisit8() {
+    String s8 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"cst2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}";
+    Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s8), new TestVisitor());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit9() {
+    String s9 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s9), new TestVisitor()));
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+  public void testVisit10() {
+    String s10 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}";
+    Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s10), new TestVisitor() {
+      @Override
+      public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit11() {
+    String s11 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"},{\"name\": \"f12\", \"type\": \"double\"}" + "]}},"
+        + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\".!\"long\".!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s11), new TestVisitor() {
+      @Override
+      public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+        sb.append(terminal).append('.');
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit12() {
+    String s12 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
+        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
+      @Override
+      public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+        sb.append(terminal).append('.');
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVisit13() {
+    String s12 = "{\"type\": \"int\"}";
+    Assert.assertEquals("\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
+      @Override
+      public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+        sb.append(terminal).append('.');
+        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestUtf8.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestUtf8.java
index 918465a725c..e0977ff9f96 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestUtf8.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TestUtf8.java
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -30,11 +28,13 @@
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.apache.avro.SystemLimitException;
+import org.apache.avro.TestSystemLimitException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestUtf8 {
   @Test
-  public void testByteConstructor() throws Exception {
+  void byteConstructor() throws Exception {
     byte[] bs = "Foo".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     Utf8 u = new Utf8(bs);
     assertEquals(bs.length, u.getByteLength());
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public void testByteConstructor() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayReusedWhenLargerThanRequestedSize() {
+  void arrayReusedWhenLargerThanRequestedSize() {
     byte[] bs = "55555".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     Utf8 u = new Utf8(bs);
     assertEquals(5, u.getByteLength());
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public void testArrayReusedWhenLargerThanRequestedSize() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHashCodeReused() {
+  void hashCodeReused() {
     assertEquals(97, new Utf8("a").hashCode());
     assertEquals(3904, new Utf8("zz").hashCode());
     assertEquals(122, new Utf8("z").hashCode());
@@ -99,7 +99,27 @@ public void testHashCodeReused() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSerialization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+  void oversizeUtf8() {
+    Utf8 u = new Utf8();
+    u.setByteLength(1024);
+    assertEquals(1024, u.getByteLength());
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+        () -> u.setByteLength(TestSystemLimitException.MAX_ARRAY_VM_LIMIT + 1));
+
+    try {
+      System.setProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY, Long.toString(1000L));
+      TestSystemLimitException.resetLimits();
+
+      Exception ex = assertThrows(SystemLimitException.class, () -> u.setByteLength(1024));
+      assertEquals("String length 1024 exceeds maximum allowed", ex.getMessage());
+    } finally {
+      System.clearProperty(SystemLimitException.MAX_STRING_LENGTH_PROPERTY);
+      TestSystemLimitException.resetLimits();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void serialization() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
     try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriodTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriodTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd9809be414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/TimePeriodTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.LocalTime;
+import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
+import java.time.chrono.JapaneseChronology;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.ERAS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MICROS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MILLIS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
+import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.NANOS;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class TimePeriodTest {
+  // This Long is too large to fit into an unsigned int.
+  private static final long TOO_LARGE = Integer.MAX_VALUE * 3L;
+
+  @Test
+  void validateConstruction() {
+    TimePeriod timePeriod = TimePeriod.of(12, 34, 56);
+    assertSame(timePeriod, TimePeriod.from(timePeriod));
+    assertComponents(12, 34, 56, timePeriod);
+
+    assertComponents(14, 3, 0, TimePeriod.from(IsoChronology.INSTANCE.period(1, 2, 3)));
+
+    assertComponents(36_000, 0, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA, 3)));
+    assertComponents(3_600, 0, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.CENTURIES, 3)));
+    assertComponents(360, 0, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.DECADES, 3)));
+    assertComponents(36, 0, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.YEARS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(3, 0, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(MONTHS, 3)));
+
+    assertComponents(0, 21, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.WEEKS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 3, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(DAYS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 2, 0, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS, 4)));
+    assertComponents(0, 2, 43_200_000, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS, 5)));
+
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 10_800_000, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.HOURS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 180_000, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.MINUTES, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 3_000, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.SECONDS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 3, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(MILLIS, 3)));
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 3, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(MICROS, 3_000)));
+    assertComponents(0, 0, 3, TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(NANOS, 3_000_000)));
+
+    // Micros and nanos must be a multiple of milliseconds
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.MICROS, 3)));
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.NANOS, 3)));
+    // Unsupported cases (null, non-ISO chronology, unknown temporal unit,
+    // non-ChronoUnit)
+    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(null));
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(JapaneseChronology.INSTANCE.period(1, 2, 3)));
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(ChronoUnit.ERAS, 1)));
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.from(TimeAmount.of(DummyUnit.INSTANCE, 3)));
+    // Arguments are long, but must fit an unsigned long
+    assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> TimePeriod.of(TOO_LARGE, 0, 0));
+    assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> TimePeriod.of(0, TOO_LARGE, 0));
+    assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> TimePeriod.of(0, 0, TOO_LARGE));
+
+    // Odd one out: querying an unsupported temporal unit
+    // (assertComponents handles all valid cases)
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.of(1, 1, 1).get(ERAS));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkConversionsFromJavaTime() {
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(12, 0, 0), TimePeriod.from(Period.ofYears(1)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(2, 0, 0), TimePeriod.from(Period.ofMonths(2)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 21, 0), TimePeriod.from(Period.ofWeeks(3)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 4, 0), TimePeriod.from(Period.ofDays(4)));
+
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 1), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofNanos(1_000_000)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 2), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofMillis(2)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 3_000), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofSeconds(3)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 240000), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofMinutes(4)));
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 18000000), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofHours(5)));
+    // Duration never takes into account things like daylight saving
+    assertEquals(TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 518400000), TimePeriod.from(Duration.ofDays(6)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkConversionsToJavaTime() {
+    TimePeriod months = TimePeriod.of(1, 0, 0);
+    TimePeriod days = TimePeriod.of(0, 2, 0);
+    TimePeriod time = TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 3);
+    TimePeriod all = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 3);
+
+    assertTrue(months.isDateBased());
+    assertTrue(days.isDateBased());
+    assertFalse(all.isDateBased());
+    assertFalse(time.isDateBased());
+
+    assertEquals(Period.of(0, 1, 0), months.toPeriod());
+    assertEquals(Period.of(0, 0, 2), days.toPeriod());
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, all::toPeriod);
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, time::toPeriod);
+
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, () -> TimePeriod.of(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE * 2L, 0).toPeriod());
+
+    assertFalse(months.isTimeBased());
+    assertFalse(days.isTimeBased());
+    assertFalse(all.isTimeBased());
+    assertTrue(time.isTimeBased());
+
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, months::toDuration);
+    // Note: though Duration supports this, it uses a fixed 86400 seconds
+    assertEquals(Duration.ofSeconds(172800), days.toDuration());
+    assertThrows(DateTimeException.class, all::toDuration);
+    assertEquals(Duration.ofMillis(3), time.toDuration());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkAddingToTemporalItems() {
+    TimePeriod monthAndTwoDays = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 0);
+    TimePeriod threeMillis = TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 3);
+    TimePeriod complexTimePeriod = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 3);
+
+    LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2001, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7_000_000);
+    LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2001, 2, 3);
+    LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.of(4, 5, 6, 7_000_000);
+
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.plusMonths(1).plusDays(2), localDateTime.plus(monthAndTwoDays));
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.plus(3, MILLIS), localDateTime.plus(threeMillis));
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.plusMonths(1).plusDays(2).plus(3, MILLIS), localDateTime.plus(complexTimePeriod));
+
+    assertEquals(localDate.plusMonths(1).plusDays(2), localDate.plus(monthAndTwoDays));
+
+    assertEquals(localTime.plus(3, MILLIS), localTime.plus(threeMillis));
+
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.minusMonths(1).minusDays(2), localDateTime.minus(monthAndTwoDays));
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.minus(3, MILLIS), localDateTime.minus(threeMillis));
+    assertEquals(localDateTime.minusMonths(1).minusDays(2).minus(3, MILLIS), localDateTime.minus(complexTimePeriod));
+
+    assertEquals(localDate.minusMonths(1).minusDays(2), localDate.minus(monthAndTwoDays));
+
+    assertEquals(localTime.minus(3, MILLIS), localTime.minus(threeMillis));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkEqualityTests() {
+    TimePeriod timePeriod1a = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 3);
+    TimePeriod timePeriod1b = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 3);
+    TimePeriod timePeriod2 = TimePeriod.of(9, 9, 9);
+    TimePeriod timePeriod3 = TimePeriod.of(1, 9, 9);
+    TimePeriod timePeriod4 = TimePeriod.of(1, 2, 9);
+
+    // noinspection EqualsWithItself
+    assertEquals(timePeriod1a, timePeriod1a);
+    assertEquals(timePeriod1a, timePeriod1b);
+    assertEquals(timePeriod1a.hashCode(), timePeriod1b.hashCode());
+
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a, null);
+    // noinspection AssertBetweenInconvertibleTypes
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a, "not equal");
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a, timePeriod2);
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a.hashCode(), timePeriod2.hashCode());
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a, timePeriod3);
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a.hashCode(), timePeriod3.hashCode());
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a, timePeriod4);
+    assertNotEquals(timePeriod1a.hashCode(), timePeriod4.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void checkStringRepresentation() {
+    assertEquals("P0", TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 0).toString());
+    assertEquals("P1Y", TimePeriod.of(12, 0, 0).toString());
+    assertEquals("P2M", TimePeriod.of(2, 0, 0).toString());
+    assertEquals("P3", TimePeriod.of(0, 3, 0).toString());
+    assertEquals("P1Y2M3", TimePeriod.of(14, 3, 0).toString());
+    assertEquals("PT04", TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 14400000).toString());
+    assertEquals("PT00:05", TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 300000).toString());
+    assertEquals("PT00:00:06", TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 6000).toString());
+    assertEquals("PT00:00:00.007", TimePeriod.of(0, 0, 7).toString());
+    assertEquals("P1Y2M3T04:05:06.007", TimePeriod.of(14, 3, 14706007).toString());
+
+    // Days and millis will never overflow to months/days, to respect differences
+    // in months and days (daylight saving).
+    assertEquals("P123T1193:02:47.295", TimePeriod.of(0, 123, 4294967295L).toString());
+  }
+
+  private void assertComponents(long months, long days, long millis, TimePeriod timePeriod) {
+    List<TemporalUnit> expectedUnits = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(MONTHS, DAYS, MILLIS));
+    if (months == 0) {
+      expectedUnits.remove(MONTHS);
+    }
+    if (days == 0) {
+      expectedUnits.remove(DAYS);
+    }
+    if (millis == 0) {
+      expectedUnits.remove(MILLIS);
+    }
+    assertEquals(expectedUnits, timePeriod.getUnits());
+
+    assertEquals(months, timePeriod.getMonths());
+    assertEquals(months, timePeriod.get(MONTHS));
+    assertEquals(days, timePeriod.getDays());
+    assertEquals(days, timePeriod.get(DAYS));
+    assertEquals(millis, timePeriod.getMillis());
+    assertEquals(millis, timePeriod.get(MILLIS));
+  }
+
+  private static class TimeAmount implements TemporalAmount {
+    private final Map<TemporalUnit, Long> amountsPerUnit = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    static TimeAmount of(TemporalUnit unit, long amount) {
+      return new TimeAmount().with(unit, amount);
+    }
+
+    TimeAmount with(TemporalUnit unit, long amount) {
+      amountsPerUnit.put(unit, amount);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long get(TemporalUnit unit) {
+      return amountsPerUnit.get(unit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<TemporalUnit> getUnits() {
+      return new ArrayList<>(amountsPerUnit.keySet());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Temporal addTo(Temporal temporal) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Temporal subtractFrom(Temporal temporal) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class DummyUnit implements TemporalUnit {
+    private static final DummyUnit INSTANCE = new DummyUnit();
+
+    @Override
+    public Duration getDuration() {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isDurationEstimated() {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isDateBased() {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isTimeBased() {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <R extends Temporal> R addTo(R temporal, long amount) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long between(Temporal temporal1Inclusive, Temporal temporal2Exclusive) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtilsTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c525e6d39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/UtfTextUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("SpellCheckingInspection")
+class UtfTextUtilsTest {
+  @Test
+  void validateCharsetDetectionWithBOM() {
+    assertEquals("UTF-32", testDetection("0000FEFF").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-32", testDetection("FFFE0000").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-16", testDetection("FEFF0041").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-16", testDetection("FFFE4100").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("EFBBBF41").name());
+
+    // Invalid UCS-4 encodings: these we're certain we cannot handle.
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> testDetection("0000FFFE"));
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> testDetection("FEFF0000"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateCharsetDetectionWithoutBOM() {
+    assertEquals("UTF-32BE", testDetection("00000041").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-32LE", testDetection("41000000").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-16BE", testDetection("00410042").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-16LE", testDetection("41004200").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("41424344").name());
+
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("414243").name());
+
+    assertEquals("UTF-16BE", testDetection("0041").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-16LE", testDetection("4100").name());
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("4142").name());
+
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("41").name());
+
+    assertEquals("UTF-8", testDetection("").name());
+
+    // Invalid UCS-4 encodings: these we're fairly certain we cannot handle.
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> testDetection("00004100"));
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> testDetection("00410000"));
+  }
+
+  private Charset testDetection(String hexBytes) {
+    return UtfTextUtils.detectUtfCharset(hexBytes(hexBytes));
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] hexBytes(String hexBytes) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[hexBytes.length() / 2];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      int index = i * 2;
+      bytes[i] = (byte) Integer.parseUnsignedInt(hexBytes.substring(index, index + 2), 16);
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateTextConversionFromBytes() {
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.asString(hexBytes("EFBBBF41"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.asString(hexBytes("EFBBBF41"), null));
+
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.asString(hexBytes("41"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.asString(hexBytes("41"), null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateTextConversionFromStreams() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("A",
+        UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("EFBBBF41")), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("EFBBBF41")), null));
+
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("41")), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    assertEquals("A", UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("41")), null));
+
+    // Invalid UCS-4 encoding should throw an IOException instead of an
+    // IllegalArgumentException.
+    assertThrows(IOException.class,
+        () -> UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("0000FFFE")), null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validateSupportForUnmarkableStreams() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("ABCD",
+        UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(new UnmarkableInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(hexBytes("41424344"))), null));
+  }
+
+  private static class UnmarkableInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
+    public UnmarkableInputStream(InputStream input) {
+      super(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void mark(int ignored) {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
+      throw new IOException("mark/reset not supported");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean markSupported() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMapTest.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ecda312032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/WeakIdentityHashMapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.util;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * This test aims to stress WeakIdentityHashMap class in multithread env.
+ */
+class WeakIdentityHashMapTest {
+
+  private static final int TEST_SIZE = 4001;
+
+  List<String> data = new ArrayList<>(TEST_SIZE);
+
+  final WeakIdentityHashMap<String, String> map = new WeakIdentityHashMap<>();
+
+  List<RuntimeException> exceptions = new ArrayList<>(TEST_SIZE);
+
+  @Test
+  void stressMap() {
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+      data.add("Data_" + i);
+    }
+
+    List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>(80);
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 80; i++) {
+      final int seed = (i + 1) * 100;
+      Runnable runnable = () -> rundata(seed);
+      Thread t = new Thread(runnable);
+      threads.add(t);
+    }
+    threads.forEach(Thread::start);
+    threads.forEach((Thread t) -> {
+      try {
+        t.join();
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    });
+    Assertions.assertTrue(exceptions.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  void rundata(int seed) {
+    try {
+      for (int i = 1; i <= TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+        String keyValue = data.get((i + seed) % TEST_SIZE);
+        map.put(keyValue, keyValue);
+        if (i % 200 == 0) {
+          sleep();
+        }
+        String keyValueRemove = data.get(((i + seed) * 3) % TEST_SIZE);
+        map.remove(keyValueRemove);
+      }
+    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+      exceptions.add(ex);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void sleep() {
+    try {
+      Thread.sleep(5);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
index d2c92177dd4..c900be9e31b 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestClassValueCache.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.util.internal;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 public class TestClassValueCache {
 
   @Test
-  public void testBasic() {
+  void basic() {
     ClassValueCache<String> cache = new ClassValueCache<>(Class::toString);
 
     String fromCache = cache.apply(String.class);
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestJacksonUtils.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestJacksonUtils.java
index 12ac094d99e..4a272ae5b35 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestJacksonUtils.java
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/internal/TestJacksonUtils.java
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@
 
 import static org.apache.avro.util.internal.JacksonUtils.toJsonNode;
 import static org.apache.avro.util.internal.JacksonUtils.toObject;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BigIntegerNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BinaryNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BooleanNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DecimalNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DoubleNode;
@@ -32,15 +33,24 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.LongNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NumericNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.TextNode;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
 import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
-import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
 public class TestJacksonUtils {
 
@@ -49,15 +59,16 @@ enum Direction {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToJsonNode() {
-    assertEquals(null, toJsonNode(null));
+  void testToJsonNode() {
+    assertNull(toJsonNode(null));
     assertEquals(NullNode.getInstance(), toJsonNode(JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE));
     assertEquals(BooleanNode.TRUE, toJsonNode(true));
     assertEquals(IntNode.valueOf(1), toJsonNode(1));
     assertEquals(LongNode.valueOf(2), toJsonNode(2L));
     assertEquals(FloatNode.valueOf(1.0f), toJsonNode(1.0f));
-    assertEquals(DoubleNode.valueOf(2.0), toJsonNode(2.0));
-    assertEquals(TextNode.valueOf("\u0001\u0002"), toJsonNode(new byte[] { 1, 2 }));
+    assertEquals(FloatNode.valueOf(33.33000183105469f), toJsonNode(33.33000183105469f));
+    assertEquals(DoubleNode.valueOf(2.0), toJsonNode(2.0d));
+    assertEquals(BinaryNode.valueOf(new byte[] { 1, 2 }), toJsonNode(new byte[] { 1, 2 }));
     assertEquals(TextNode.valueOf("a"), toJsonNode("a"));
     assertEquals(TextNode.valueOf("UP"), toJsonNode(Direction.UP));
     assertEquals(BigIntegerNode.valueOf(BigInteger.ONE), toJsonNode(BigInteger.ONE));
@@ -73,15 +84,15 @@ public void testToJsonNode() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToObject() {
-    assertEquals(null, toObject(null));
+  void testToObject() {
+    assertNull(toObject(null));
     assertEquals(JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE, toObject(NullNode.getInstance()));
     assertEquals(true, toObject(BooleanNode.TRUE));
     assertEquals(1, toObject(IntNode.valueOf(1)));
     assertEquals(2L, toObject(IntNode.valueOf(2), Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
     assertEquals(1.0f, toObject(DoubleNode.valueOf(1.0), Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT)));
     assertEquals(2.0, toObject(DoubleNode.valueOf(2.0)));
-    assertEquals(TextNode.valueOf("\u0001\u0002"), toJsonNode(new byte[] { 1, 2 }));
+    assertEquals(BinaryNode.valueOf(new byte[] { 1, 2 }), toJsonNode(new byte[] { 1, 2 }));
     assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 1, 2 },
         (byte[]) toObject(TextNode.valueOf("\u0001\u0002"), Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)));
     assertEquals("a", toObject(TextNode.valueOf("a")));
@@ -103,4 +114,22 @@ public void testToObject() {
     assertEquals("a", toObject(TextNode.valueOf("a"), SchemaBuilder.unionOf().stringType().and().intType().endUnion()));
   }
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("nodes")
+  void cycle(JsonNode input) {
+    Object object = JacksonUtils.toObject(input);
+    JsonNode node = JacksonUtils.toJsonNode(object);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(input, node);
+  }
+
+  public static Stream<Arguments> nodes() {
+    ObjectNode o1 = JsonNodeFactory.instance.objectNode();
+    o1.put("intField", 123);
+    o1.put("floatField", 33.33000183105469f);
+    o1.put("doubleField", 33.33000183105469245d);
+    return Stream.of(JsonNodeFactory.instance.numberNode(33.33000183105469f),
+        JsonNodeFactory.instance.binaryNode("Hello".getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)),
+        JsonNodeFactory.instance.arrayNode().add(1).add("Hello").add(o1)).map(Arguments::of);
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ComparableComparator.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ComparableComparator.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54c887cc167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/ComparableComparator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * Comparator that adapts Comparables to the Comparator interface. Mainly for
+ * internal use in other Comparators, when supposed to work on Comparables.
+ *
+ * @author Keith Donald
+ * @since 1.2.2
+ * @param <T> the type of comparable objects that may be compared by this
+ *            comparator
+ * @see Comparable
+ */
+class ComparableComparator<T extends Comparable<T>> implements Comparator<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * A shared instance of this default comparator. see Comparators#comparable()
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+  public static final ComparableComparator INSTANCE = new ComparableComparator();
+
+  @Override
+  public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
+    return o1.compareTo(o2);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/NullSafeComparator.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/NullSafeComparator.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f621abfe42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/NullSafeComparator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * A Comparator that will safely compare nulls to be lower or higher than other
+ * objects. Can decorate a given Comparator or work on Comparables.
+ *
+ * @author Keith Donald
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 1.2.2
+ * @param <T> the type of objects that may be compared by this comparator
+ * @see Comparable
+ */
+class NullSafeComparator<T> implements Comparator<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * A shared default instance of this comparator, treating nulls lower than
+   * non-null objects. see Comparators#nullsLow()
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+  public static final NullSafeComparator NULLS_LOW = new NullSafeComparator<>(true);
+
+  /**
+   * A shared default instance of this comparator, treating nulls higher than
+   * non-null objects. see Comparators#nullsHigh()
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+  public static final NullSafeComparator NULLS_HIGH = new NullSafeComparator<>(false);
+
+  private final Comparator<T> nonNullComparator;
+
+  private final boolean nullsLow;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a NullSafeComparator that sorts {@code null} based on the provided
+   * flag, working on Comparables.
+   * <p>
+   * When comparing two non-null objects, their Comparable implementation will be
+   * used: this means that non-null elements (that this Comparator will be applied
+   * to) need to implement Comparable.
+   * <p>
+   * As a convenience, you can use the default shared instances:
+   * {@code NullSafeComparator.NULLS_LOW} and
+   * {@code NullSafeComparator.NULLS_HIGH}.
+   *
+   * @param nullsLow whether to treat nulls lower or higher than non-null objects
+   * @see Comparable
+   * @see #NULLS_LOW
+   * @see #NULLS_HIGH
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private NullSafeComparator(boolean nullsLow) {
+    this.nonNullComparator = ComparableComparator.INSTANCE;
+    this.nullsLow = nullsLow;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a NullSafeComparator that sorts {@code null} based on the provided
+   * flag, decorating the given Comparator.
+   * <p>
+   * When comparing two non-null objects, the specified Comparator will be used.
+   * The given underlying Comparator must be able to handle the elements that this
+   * Comparator will be applied to.
+   *
+   * @param comparator the comparator to use when comparing two non-null objects
+   * @param nullsLow   whether to treat nulls lower or higher than non-null
+   *                   objects
+   */
+  public NullSafeComparator(Comparator<T> comparator, boolean nullsLow) {
+    // Assert.notNull(comparator, "Non-null Comparator is required");
+    this.nonNullComparator = comparator;
+    this.nullsLow = nullsLow;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compare(@Nullable T o1, @Nullable T o2) {
+    if (o1 == o2) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (o1 == null) {
+      return (this.nullsLow ? -1 : 1);
+    }
+    if (o2 == null) {
+      return (this.nullsLow ? 1 : -1);
+    }
+    return this.nonNullComparator.compare(o1, o2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(other instanceof NullSafeComparator)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    NullSafeComparator<T> otherComp = (NullSafeComparator<T>) other;
+    return (this.nonNullComparator.equals(otherComp.nonNullComparator) && this.nullsLow == otherComp.nullsLow);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return this.nonNullComparator.hashCode() * (this.nullsLow ? -1 : 1);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "NullSafeComparator: non-null comparator [" + this.nonNullComparator + "]; "
+        + (this.nullsLow ? "nulls low" : "nulls high");
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/StopWatch.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/StopWatch.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10131fa309a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/StopWatch.java
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+
+import java.text.NumberFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Simple stop watch, allowing for timing of a number of tasks, exposing total
+ * running time and running time for each named task.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Conceals use of {@link System#nanoTime()}, improving the readability of
+ * application code and reducing the likelihood of calculation errors.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Note that this object is not designed to be thread-safe and does not use
+ * synchronization.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class is normally used to verify performance during proof-of-concept
+ * work and in development, rather than as part of production applications.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * As of Spring Framework 5.2, running time is tracked and reported in
+ * nanoseconds.
+ *
+ * @author Rod Johnson
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since May 2, 2001
+ */
+class StopWatch {
+
+  /**
+   * Identifier of this {@code StopWatch}.
+   * <p>
+   * Handy when we have output from multiple stop watches and need to distinguish
+   * between them in log or console output.
+   */
+  private final String id;
+
+  private boolean keepTaskList = true;
+
+  private final List<TaskInfo> taskList = new ArrayList<>(1);
+
+  /** Start time of the current task. */
+  private long startTimeNanos;
+
+  /** Name of the current task. */
+  @Nullable
+  private String currentTaskName;
+
+  @Nullable
+  private TaskInfo lastTaskInfo;
+
+  private int taskCount;
+
+  /** Total running time. */
+  private long totalTimeNanos;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a new {@code StopWatch}.
+   * <p>
+   * Does not start any task.
+   */
+  public StopWatch() {
+    this("");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a new {@code StopWatch} with the given ID.
+   * <p>
+   * The ID is handy when we have output from multiple stop watches and need to
+   * distinguish between them.
+   * <p>
+   * Does not start any task.
+   *
+   * @param id identifier for this stop watch
+   */
+  public StopWatch(String id) {
+    this.id = id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the ID of this {@code StopWatch}, as specified on construction.
+   *
+   * @return the ID (empty String by default)
+   * @since 4.2.2
+   * @see #StopWatch(String)
+   */
+  public String getId() {
+    return this.id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Configure whether the {@link TaskInfo} array is built over time.
+   * <p>
+   * Set this to {@code false} when using a {@code StopWatch} for millions of
+   * intervals; otherwise, the {@code TaskInfo} structure will consume excessive
+   * memory.
+   * <p>
+   * Default is {@code true}.
+   */
+  public void setKeepTaskList(boolean keepTaskList) {
+    this.keepTaskList = keepTaskList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start an unnamed task.
+   * <p>
+   * The results are undefined if {@link #stop()} or timing methods are called
+   * without invoking this method first.
+   *
+   * @see #start(String)
+   * @see #stop()
+   */
+  public void start() throws IllegalStateException {
+    start("");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start a named task.
+   * <p>
+   * The results are undefined if {@link #stop()} or timing methods are called
+   * without invoking this method first.
+   *
+   * @param taskName the name of the task to start
+   * @see #start()
+   * @see #stop()
+   */
+  public void start(String taskName) throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.currentTaskName != null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Can't start StopWatch: it's already running");
+    }
+    this.currentTaskName = taskName;
+    this.startTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the current task.
+   * <p>
+   * The results are undefined if timing methods are called without invoking at
+   * least one pair of {@code start()} / {@code stop()} methods.
+   *
+   * @see #start()
+   * @see #start(String)
+   */
+  public void stop() throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.currentTaskName == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Can't stop StopWatch: it's not running");
+    }
+    long lastTime = System.nanoTime() - this.startTimeNanos;
+    this.totalTimeNanos += lastTime;
+    this.lastTaskInfo = new TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName, lastTime);
+    if (this.keepTaskList) {
+      this.taskList.add(this.lastTaskInfo);
+    }
+    ++this.taskCount;
+    this.currentTaskName = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine whether this {@code StopWatch} is currently running.
+   *
+   * @see #currentTaskName()
+   */
+  public boolean isRunning() {
+    return (this.currentTaskName != null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the currently running task, if any.
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.2
+   * @see #isRunning()
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  public String currentTaskName() {
+    return this.currentTaskName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the time taken by the last task in nanoseconds.
+   *
+   * @since 5.2
+   * @see #getLastTaskTimeMillis()
+   */
+  public long getLastTaskTimeNanos() throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task interval");
+    }
+    return this.lastTaskInfo.getTimeNanos();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the time taken by the last task in milliseconds.
+   *
+   * @see #getLastTaskTimeNanos()
+   */
+  public long getLastTaskTimeMillis() throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task interval");
+    }
+    return this.lastTaskInfo.getTimeMillis();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the last task.
+   */
+  public String getLastTaskName() throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task name");
+    }
+    return this.lastTaskInfo.getTaskName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the last task as a {@link TaskInfo} object.
+   */
+  public TaskInfo getLastTaskInfo() throws IllegalStateException {
+    if (this.lastTaskInfo == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("No tasks run: can't get last task info");
+    }
+    return this.lastTaskInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the total time in nanoseconds for all tasks.
+   *
+   * @since 5.2
+   * @see #getTotalTimeMillis()
+   * @see #getTotalTimeSeconds()
+   */
+  public long getTotalTimeNanos() {
+    return this.totalTimeNanos;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the total time in milliseconds for all tasks.
+   *
+   * @see #getTotalTimeNanos()
+   * @see #getTotalTimeSeconds()
+   */
+  public long getTotalTimeMillis() {
+    return nanosToMillis(this.totalTimeNanos);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the total time in seconds for all tasks.
+   *
+   * @see #getTotalTimeNanos()
+   * @see #getTotalTimeMillis()
+   */
+  public double getTotalTimeSeconds() {
+    return nanosToSeconds(this.totalTimeNanos);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of tasks timed.
+   */
+  public int getTaskCount() {
+    return this.taskCount;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an array of the data for tasks performed.
+   */
+  public TaskInfo[] getTaskInfo() {
+    if (!this.keepTaskList) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Task info is not being kept!");
+    }
+    return this.taskList.toArray(new TaskInfo[0]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a short description of the total running time.
+   */
+  public String shortSummary() {
+    return "StopWatch '" + getId() + "': running time = " + getTotalTimeNanos() + " ns";
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate a string with a table describing all tasks performed.
+   * <p>
+   * For custom reporting, call {@link #getTaskInfo()} and use the task info
+   * directly.
+   */
+  public String prettyPrint() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(shortSummary());
+    sb.append('\n');
+    if (!this.keepTaskList) {
+      sb.append("No task info kept");
+    } else {
+      sb.append("---------------------------------------------\n");
+      sb.append("ns         %     Task name\n");
+      sb.append("---------------------------------------------\n");
+      NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
+      nf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(9);
+      nf.setGroupingUsed(false);
+      NumberFormat pf = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance();
+      pf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(3);
+      pf.setGroupingUsed(false);
+      for (TaskInfo task : getTaskInfo()) {
+        sb.append(nf.format(task.getTimeNanos())).append("  ");
+        sb.append(pf.format((double) task.getTimeNanos() / getTotalTimeNanos())).append("  ");
+        sb.append(task.getTaskName()).append('\n');
+      }
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate an informative string describing all tasks performed
+   * <p>
+   * For custom reporting, call {@link #getTaskInfo()} and use the task info
+   * directly.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(shortSummary());
+    if (this.keepTaskList) {
+      for (TaskInfo task : getTaskInfo()) {
+        sb.append("; [").append(task.getTaskName()).append("] took ").append(task.getTimeNanos()).append(" ns");
+        long percent = Math.round(100.0 * task.getTimeNanos() / getTotalTimeNanos());
+        sb.append(" = ").append(percent).append('%');
+      }
+    } else {
+      sb.append("; no task info kept");
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static long nanosToMillis(long duration) {
+    return TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(duration);
+  }
+
+  private static double nanosToSeconds(long duration) {
+    return duration / 1_000_000_000.0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Nested class to hold data about one task executed within the
+   * {@code StopWatch}.
+   */
+  public static final class TaskInfo {
+
+    private final String taskName;
+
+    private final long timeNanos;
+
+    TaskInfo(String taskName, long timeNanos) {
+      this.taskName = taskName;
+      this.timeNanos = timeNanos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the name of this task.
+     */
+    public String getTaskName() {
+      return this.taskName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the time in nanoseconds this task took.
+     *
+     * @since 5.2
+     * @see #getTimeMillis()
+     * @see #getTimeSeconds()
+     */
+    public long getTimeNanos() {
+      return this.timeNanos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the time in milliseconds this task took.
+     *
+     * @see #getTimeNanos()
+     * @see #getTimeSeconds()
+     */
+    public long getTimeMillis() {
+      return nanosToMillis(this.timeNanos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the time in seconds this task took.
+     *
+     * @see #getTimeMillis()
+     * @see #getTimeNanos()
+     */
+    public double getTimeSeconds() {
+      return nanosToSeconds(this.timeNanos);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/TestConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/TestConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c351768864b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/util/springframework/TestConcurrentReferenceHashMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.util.springframework;
+
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.Nullable;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.apache.avro.util.springframework.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.Entry;
+import org.apache.avro.util.springframework.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.Reference;
+import org.apache.avro.util.springframework.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.Restructure;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link ConcurrentReferenceHashMap}.
+ *
+ * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ */
+class TestConcurrentReferenceHashMap {
+
+  private static final Comparator<? super String> NULL_SAFE_STRING_SORT = new NullSafeComparator<>(
+      new ComparableComparator<String>(), true);
+
+  private TestWeakConcurrentCache<Integer, String> map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>();
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldCreateWithDefaults() {
+    ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String> map = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>();
+    assertThat(map.getSegmentsSize(), equalTo(16));
+    assertThat(map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(1));
+    assertThat(map.getLoadFactor(), equalTo(0.75f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldCreateWithInitialCapacity() {
+    ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String> map = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(32);
+    assertThat(map.getSegmentsSize(), equalTo(16));
+    assertThat(map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(map.getLoadFactor(), equalTo(0.75f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldCreateWithInitialCapacityAndLoadFactor() {
+    ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String> map = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(32, 0.5f);
+    assertThat(map.getSegmentsSize(), equalTo(16));
+    assertThat(map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(map.getLoadFactor(), equalTo(0.5f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldCreateWithInitialCapacityAndConcurrentLevel() {
+    ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String> map = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(16, 2);
+    assertThat(map.getSegmentsSize(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(8));
+    assertThat(map.getLoadFactor(), equalTo(0.75f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldCreateFullyCustom() {
+    ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String> map = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(5, 0.5f, 3);
+    // concurrencyLevel of 3 ends up as 4 (nearest power of 2)
+    assertThat(map.getSegmentsSize(), equalTo(4));
+    // initialCapacity is 5/4 (rounded up, to nearest power of 2)
+    assertThat(map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(map.getLoadFactor(), equalTo(0.5f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldNeedNonNegativeInitialCapacity() {
+    new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String>(0, 1);
+    IllegalArgumentException e = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> new TestWeakConcurrentCache<Integer, String>(-1, 1));
+    assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Initial capacity must not be negative"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldNeedPositiveLoadFactor() {
+    new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String>(0, 0.1f, 1);
+    IllegalArgumentException e = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> new TestWeakConcurrentCache<Integer, String>(0, 0.0f, 1));
+    assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Load factor must be positive"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldNeedPositiveConcurrencyLevel() {
+    new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<Integer, String>(1, 1);
+    IllegalArgumentException e = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> new TestWeakConcurrentCache<Integer, String>(1, 0));
+    assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Concurrency level must be positive"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutAndGet() {
+    // NOTE we are using mock references so we don't need to worry about GC
+    assertEquals(0, this.map.size());
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+    assertEquals(1, this.map.size());
+    this.map.put(123, "123b");
+    assertEquals(1, this.map.size());
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    assertEquals(1, this.map.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldReplaceOnDoublePut() {
+    this.map.put(123, "321");
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutNullKey() {
+    assertNull(this.map.get(null));
+    assertThat(this.map.getOrDefault(null, "456"), equalTo("456"));
+    this.map.put(null, "123");
+    assertThat(this.map.get(null), equalTo("123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.getOrDefault(null, "456"), equalTo("123"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutNullValue() {
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+    assertThat(this.map.getOrDefault(123, "456"), equalTo("456"));
+    this.map.put(123, "321");
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("321"));
+    assertThat(this.map.getOrDefault(123, "456"), equalTo("321"));
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+    assertNull(this.map.getOrDefault(123, "456"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetWithNoItems() {
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldApplySupplementalHash() {
+    Integer key = 123;
+    this.map.put(key, "123");
+    assertNotEquals(this.map.getSupplementalHash(), key.hashCode());
+    assertNotEquals(this.map.getSupplementalHash() >> 30 & 0xFF, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetFollowingNexts() {
+    // Use loadFactor to disable resize
+    this.map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>(1, 10.0f, 1);
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(1));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(1), equalTo("1"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(3), equalTo("3"));
+    assertNull(this.map.get(4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldResize() {
+    this.map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>(1, 0.75f, 1);
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(1));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(1), equalTo("1"));
+
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(1), equalTo("1"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2"));
+
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(4));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(1), equalTo("1"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(3), equalTo("3"));
+
+    this.map.put(4, "4");
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(8));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(4), equalTo("4"));
+
+    // Putting again should not increase the count
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+      this.map.put(i, String.valueOf(i));
+    }
+    assertThat(this.map.getSegment(0).getSize(), equalTo(8));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(5), equalTo("5"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPurgeOnGet() {
+    this.map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>(1, 0.75f, 1);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+      this.map.put(i, String.valueOf(i));
+    }
+    this.map.getMockReference(1, Restructure.NEVER).queueForPurge();
+    this.map.getMockReference(3, Restructure.NEVER).queueForPurge();
+    assertNull(this.map.getReference(1, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2"));
+    assertNull(this.map.getReference(3, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(4), equalTo("4"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(5), equalTo("5"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPurgeOnPut() {
+    this.map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>(1, 0.75f, 1);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+      this.map.put(i, String.valueOf(i));
+    }
+    this.map.getMockReference(1, Restructure.NEVER).queueForPurge();
+    this.map.getMockReference(3, Restructure.NEVER).queueForPurge();
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    assertThat(this.map.get(1), equalTo("1"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2"));
+    assertNull(this.map.getReference(3, Restructure.WHEN_NECESSARY));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(4), equalTo("4"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(5), equalTo("5"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutIfAbsent() {
+    assertNull(this.map.putIfAbsent(123, "123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.putIfAbsent(123, "123b"), equalTo("123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutIfAbsentWithNullValue() {
+    assertNull(this.map.putIfAbsent(123, null));
+    assertNull(this.map.putIfAbsent(123, "123"));
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutIfAbsentWithNullKey() {
+    assertNull(this.map.putIfAbsent(null, "123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.putIfAbsent(null, "123b"), equalTo("123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(null), equalTo("123"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldRemoveKeyAndValue() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    assertFalse(this.map.remove(123, "456"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+    assertTrue(this.map.remove(123, "123"));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(123));
+    assertTrue(this.map.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldRemoveKeyAndValueWithExistingNull() {
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    assertFalse(this.map.remove(123, "456"));
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+    assertTrue(this.map.remove(123, null));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(123));
+    assertTrue(this.map.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldReplaceOldValueWithNewValue() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    assertFalse(this.map.replace(123, "456", "789"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+    assertTrue(this.map.replace(123, "123", "789"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("789"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldReplaceOldNullValueWithNewValue() {
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    assertFalse(this.map.replace(123, "456", "789"));
+    assertNull(this.map.get(123));
+    assertTrue(this.map.replace(123, null, "789"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("789"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldReplaceValue() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    assertThat(this.map.replace(123, "456"), equalTo("123"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("456"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldReplaceNullValue() {
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    assertNull(this.map.replace(123, "456"));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("456"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, this.map.size());
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    this.map.put(456, "456");
+    assertEquals(2, this.map.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldSupportIsEmpty() {
+    assertTrue(this.map.isEmpty());
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    this.map.put(456, "456");
+    assertFalse(this.map.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldContainKey() {
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(123));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(456));
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    assertTrue(this.map.containsKey(123));
+    assertTrue(this.map.containsKey(456));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldContainValue() {
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsValue("123"));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsValue(null));
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    assertTrue(this.map.containsValue("123"));
+    assertTrue(this.map.containsValue(null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldRemoveWhenKeyIsInMap() {
+    this.map.put(123, null);
+    this.map.put(456, "456");
+    this.map.put(null, "789");
+    assertNull(this.map.remove(123));
+    assertThat(this.map.remove(456), equalTo("456"));
+    assertThat(this.map.remove(null), equalTo("789"));
+    assertTrue(this.map.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldRemoveWhenKeyIsNotInMap() {
+    assertNull(this.map.remove(123));
+    assertNull(this.map.remove(null));
+    assertTrue(this.map.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldPutAll() {
+    Map<Integer, String> m = new HashMap<>();
+    m.put(123, "123");
+    m.put(456, null);
+    m.put(null, "789");
+    this.map.putAll(m);
+    assertEquals(3, this.map.size());
+    assertThat(this.map.get(123), equalTo("123"));
+    assertNull(this.map.get(456));
+    assertThat(this.map.get(null), equalTo("789"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldClear() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    this.map.put(null, "789");
+    this.map.clear();
+    assertEquals(0, this.map.size());
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(123));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(456));
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(null));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetKeySet() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    this.map.put(null, "789");
+    Set<Integer> expected = new HashSet<>();
+    expected.add(123);
+    expected.add(456);
+    expected.add(null);
+    assertThat(this.map.keySet(), equalTo(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetValues() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    this.map.put(null, "789");
+    List<String> actual = new ArrayList<>(this.map.values());
+    List<String> expected = new ArrayList<>();
+    expected.add("123");
+    expected.add(null);
+    expected.add("789");
+    actual.sort(NULL_SAFE_STRING_SORT);
+    expected.sort(NULL_SAFE_STRING_SORT);
+    assertThat(actual, equalTo(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetEntrySet() {
+    this.map.put(123, "123");
+    this.map.put(456, null);
+    this.map.put(null, "789");
+    HashMap<Integer, String> expected = new HashMap<>();
+    expected.put(123, "123");
+    expected.put(456, null);
+    expected.put(null, "789");
+    assertThat(this.map.entrySet(), equalTo(expected.entrySet()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldGetEntrySetFollowingNext() {
+    // Use loadFactor to disable resize
+    this.map = new TestWeakConcurrentCache<>(1, 10.0f, 1);
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    HashMap<Integer, String> expected = new HashMap<>();
+    expected.put(1, "1");
+    expected.put(2, "2");
+    expected.put(3, "3");
+    assertThat(this.map.entrySet(), equalTo(expected.entrySet()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldRemoveViaEntrySet() {
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> iterator = this.map.entrySet().iterator();
+    iterator.next();
+    iterator.next();
+    iterator.remove();
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, iterator::remove);
+    iterator.next();
+    assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+    assertEquals(2, this.map.size());
+    assertFalse(this.map.containsKey(2));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldSetViaEntrySet() {
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> iterator = this.map.entrySet().iterator();
+    iterator.next();
+    iterator.next().setValue("2b");
+    iterator.next();
+    assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+    assertEquals(3, this.map.size());
+    assertThat(this.map.get(2), equalTo("2b"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void containsViaEntrySet() {
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entrySet = this.map.entrySet();
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> copy = new HashMap<>(this.map).entrySet();
+    copy.forEach(entry -> assertTrue(entrySet.contains(entry)));
+    this.map.put(1, "A");
+    this.map.put(2, "B");
+    this.map.put(3, "C");
+    copy.forEach(entry -> assertFalse(entrySet.contains(entry)));
+    this.map.put(1, "1");
+    this.map.put(2, "2");
+    this.map.put(3, "3");
+    copy.forEach(entry -> assertTrue(entrySet.contains(entry)));
+    entrySet.clear();
+    copy.forEach(entry -> assertFalse(entrySet.contains(entry)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Disabled("Intended for use during development only")
+  void shouldBeFasterThanSynchronizedMap() throws InterruptedException {
+    Map<Integer, WeakReference<String>> synchronizedMap = Collections
+        .synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<String>>());
+    StopWatch mapTime = timeMultiThreaded("SynchronizedMap", synchronizedMap,
+        v -> new WeakReference<>(String.valueOf(v)));
+    System.out.println(mapTime.prettyPrint());
+
+    this.map.setDisableTestHooks(true);
+    StopWatch cacheTime = timeMultiThreaded("WeakConcurrentCache", this.map, String::valueOf);
+    System.out.println(cacheTime.prettyPrint());
+
+    // We should be at least 4 time faster
+    assertTrue(cacheTime.getTotalTimeSeconds() < (mapTime.getTotalTimeSeconds() / 4.0));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldSupportNullReference() {
+    // GC could happen during restructure so we must be able to create a reference
+    // for a null entry
+    map.createReferenceManager().createReference(null, 1234, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Time a multi-threaded access to a cache.
+   *
+   * @return the timing stopwatch
+   */
+  private <V> StopWatch timeMultiThreaded(String id, final Map<Integer, V> map, ValueFactory<V> factory)
+      throws InterruptedException {
+
+    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(id);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+      map.put(i, factory.newValue(i));
+    }
+    Thread[] threads = new Thread[30];
+    stopWatch.start("Running threads");
+    for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < threads.length; threadIndex++) {
+      threads[threadIndex] = new Thread("Cache access thread " + threadIndex) {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+          for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+              map.get(i);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+    for (Thread thread : threads) {
+      thread.start();
+    }
+
+    for (Thread thread : threads) {
+      if (thread.isAlive()) {
+        thread.join(2000);
+      }
+    }
+    stopWatch.stop();
+    return stopWatch;
+  }
+
+  private interface ValueFactory<V> {
+
+    V newValue(int k);
+  }
+
+  private static class TestWeakConcurrentCache<K, V> extends ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<K, V> {
+
+    private int supplementalHash;
+
+    private final LinkedList<MockReference<K, V>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    private boolean disableTestHooks;
+
+    public TestWeakConcurrentCache() {
+      super();
+    }
+
+    public void setDisableTestHooks(boolean disableTestHooks) {
+      this.disableTestHooks = disableTestHooks;
+    }
+
+    public TestWeakConcurrentCache(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
+      super(initialCapacity, loadFactor, concurrencyLevel);
+    }
+
+    public TestWeakConcurrentCache(int initialCapacity, int concurrencyLevel) {
+      super(initialCapacity, concurrencyLevel);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int getHash(@Nullable Object o) {
+      if (this.disableTestHooks) {
+        return super.getHash(o);
+      }
+      // For testing we want more control of the hash
+      this.supplementalHash = super.getHash(o);
+      return (o != null ? o.hashCode() : 0);
+    }
+
+    public int getSupplementalHash() {
+      return this.supplementalHash;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ReferenceManager createReferenceManager() {
+      return new ReferenceManager() {
+        @Override
+        public Reference<K, V> createReference(Entry<K, V> entry, int hash, @Nullable Reference<K, V> next) {
+          if (TestWeakConcurrentCache.this.disableTestHooks) {
+            return super.createReference(entry, hash, next);
+          }
+          return new MockReference<>(entry, hash, next, TestWeakConcurrentCache.this.queue);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Reference<K, V> pollForPurge() {
+          if (TestWeakConcurrentCache.this.disableTestHooks) {
+            return super.pollForPurge();
+          }
+          return TestWeakConcurrentCache.this.queue.isEmpty() ? null : TestWeakConcurrentCache.this.queue.removeFirst();
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    public MockReference<K, V> getMockReference(K key, Restructure restructure) {
+      return (MockReference<K, V>) super.getReference(key, restructure);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class MockReference<K, V> implements Reference<K, V> {
+
+    private final int hash;
+
+    private Entry<K, V> entry;
+
+    private final Reference<K, V> next;
+
+    private final LinkedList<MockReference<K, V>> queue;
+
+    public MockReference(Entry<K, V> entry, int hash, Reference<K, V> next, LinkedList<MockReference<K, V>> queue) {
+      this.hash = hash;
+      this.entry = entry;
+      this.next = next;
+      this.queue = queue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Entry<K, V> get() {
+      return this.entry;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getHash() {
+      return this.hash;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Reference<K, V> getNext() {
+      return this.next;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void release() {
+      this.queue.add(this);
+      this.entry = null;
+    }
+
+    public void queueForPurge() {
+      this.queue.add(this);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.Conversion b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.Conversion
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..890ba764260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.Conversion
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+org.apache.avro.CustomTypeConverter
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b2db6ddb269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+org.apache.avro.DummySchemaParser
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes$LogicalTypeFactory b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes$LogicalTypeFactory
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b55c233ae46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes$LogicalTypeFactory
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+org.apache.avro.CustomTypeLogicalTypeFactory
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.avsc
index f5d212917f4..5f5e870f9c7 100644
--- a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.avsc
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.avsc
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@
       "type" : "long",
       "logicalType" : "timestamp-millis"
     }
-  } ]
+  }, {
+    "name" : "bd",
+    "type" : {
+      "type" : "bytes",
+      "logicalType" : "big-decimal"
+    }
+  }  ]
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d19c0d8dfb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+    "type": "record",
+    "name": "TestRecordWithMapsAndArrays",
+    "namespace": "org.apache.avro.specific",
+    "fields": [
+        {
+            "name": "arr",
+            "type": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": "string",
+                "default": []
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "map",
+            "type": {
+                "type": "map",
+                "values": "long",
+                "default": {}
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "nested_arr",
+            "type": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": "string",
+                  "default": []
+                },
+                "default": []
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "nested_map",
+            "type": {
+                "type": "map",
+                "values": {
+                    "type": "map",
+                    "values": "long",
+                    "default": {}
+                },
+                "default": {}
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestUnionRecord.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestUnionRecord.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36241c8b601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/TestUnionRecord.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[
+  "null",
+  {
+    "namespace": "org.apache.avro.specific",
+    "type": "record",
+    "name": "TestUnionRecord",
+    "fields": [
+      {
+        "name": "amount",
+        "type": [
+          "null",
+          {
+            "type": "bytes",
+            "logicalType": "decimal",
+            "precision": 31,
+            "scale": 8
+          }
+        ],
+        "default": null
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/ApplicationEvent.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/ApplicationEvent.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6902084350f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/ApplicationEvent.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "ApplicationEvent",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "applicationId",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Application ID"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "status",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Application Status"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "documents",
+      "type": ["null", {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": "model.DocumentInfo"
+      }],
+      "doc": "",
+      "default": null
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/DocumentInfo.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/DocumentInfo.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95dd4243ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/DocumentInfo.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "DocumentInfo",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "documentId",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Document ID"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "filePath",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Document Path"
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/MyResponse.avsc b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/MyResponse.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac6d08291d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/MyResponse.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "MyResponse",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "isSuccessful",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "doc": "Indicator for successful or unsuccessful call"
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/README.md b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe3541b660e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/avro/src/test/resources/multipleFile/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## test for parsing multiple files.
+This folder aims to test `public List<Schema> Schema.parse(Iterable<File> sources) throws IOException` method.
+
+The objective is to check that a record schema define in a file can be use in another record schema as a field type.
+Here, ApplicationEvent.avsc file contains a field of type DocumentInfo, defined in file DocumentInfo.avsc.
+
+The is written at TestSchema.testParseMultipleFile.
+
diff --git a/lang/java/build.sh b/lang/java/build.sh
index 96fdb3489cb..8d6a8bdba10 100755
--- a/lang/java/build.sh
+++ b/lang/java/build.sh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 set -e
+set -x
 
 usage() {
   echo "Usage: $0 {lint|test|dist|clean}"
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ main() {
         mvn -B spotless:apply
         ;;
       test)
-        mvn -B test
+        mvn -B verify
         # Test the modules that depend on hadoop using Hadoop 2
-        mvn -B test -Phadoop2
+        mvn -Dmaven.build.cache.enabled=false -B test -Phadoop2
         ;;
       dist)
         mvn -P dist package -DskipTests javadoc:aggregate
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/pom.xml b/lang/java/compiler/pom.xml
index 863af78181b..f9b8d2eee63 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/pom.xml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
-   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
-   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+   the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 
        https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-compiler</artifactId>
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
         and outputs to target/generated-sources/javacc See http://mojo.codehaus.org/javacc-maven-plugin/javacc-mojo.html
         for more info on using this plugin. -->
       <plugin>
-        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <groupId>org.javacc.plugin</groupId>
         <artifactId>javacc-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         <executions>
           <execution>
@@ -133,11 +133,12 @@
               <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>
               <arguments>
                 <argument>-classpath</argument>
-                <classpath></classpath>
+                <classpath/>
                 <argument>org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SchemaTask</argument>
                 <argument>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources/full_record_v1.avsc</argument>
                 <argument>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources/full_record_v2.avsc</argument>
-                <argument>${project.basedir}/target/generated-test-sources</argument>
+                <argument>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources/regression_error_field_in_record.avsc</argument>
+                <argument>${project.basedir}/target/generated-test-sources/javacc</argument>
               </arguments>
             </configuration>
           </execution>
@@ -149,10 +150,8 @@
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <!--
-              Usually code is generated using a special-purpose maven plugin and the plugin
-              automatically adds the generated sources into project.
-              Here since general-purpose exec plugin is used for generating code, we need to manually
-              add the sources.
+              Special-purpose maven plugins that generate code usually add the generated sources into the project.
+              But because the general-purpose exec plugin above generated code, we need to manually add the generated sources.
             -->
             <id>add-test-source</id>
             <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
@@ -161,16 +160,14 @@
             </goals>
             <configuration>
               <sources>
-                <source>${project.basedir}/target/generated-test-sources</source>
+                <source>${project.basedir}/target/generated-test-sources/javacc</source>
               </sources>
             </configuration>
           </execution>
           <execution>
             <!--
-              Usually code is generated using a special-purpose maven plugin and the plugin
-              automatically adds the generated sources into project.
-              Here since general-purpose exec plugin is used for generating code, we need to manually
-              add the sources.
+              Special-purpose maven plugins that generate code usually add the generated sources into the project.
+              But because the general-purpose exec plugin above generated code, we need to manually add the generated sources.
             -->
             <id>add-source</id>
             <phase>generate-sources</phase>
@@ -186,37 +183,8 @@
         </executions>
       </plugin>
     </plugins>
-    <pluginManagement>
-      <plugins>
-        <plugin>
-          <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
-          <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
-          <version>1.0.0</version>
-          <configuration>
-            <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
-              <pluginExecutions>
-                <pluginExecution>
-                  <pluginExecutionFilter>
-                    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <versionRange>[1.0,)</versionRange>
-                    <goals>
-                      <goal>exec</goal>
-                    </goals>
-                  </pluginExecutionFilter>
-                  <action>
-                    <execute/>
-                  </action>
-                </pluginExecution>
-              </pluginExecutions>
-            </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
-          </configuration>
-        </plugin>
-      </plugins>
-    </pluginManagement>
   </build>
 
-
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
@@ -225,8 +193,8 @@
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
-      <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
-      <version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
+      <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
+      <version>${commons-text.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
@@ -245,4 +213,42 @@
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>m2e</id>
+      <activation>
+        <property><name>m2e.version</name></property>
+      </activation>
+      <build>
+        <pluginManagement>
+          <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+              <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
+              <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
+              <version>1.0.0</version>
+              <configuration>
+                <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+                  <pluginExecutions>
+                    <pluginExecution>
+                      <pluginExecutionFilter>
+                        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                        <versionRange>[1.0,)</versionRange>
+                        <goals>
+                          <goal>exec</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                      </pluginExecutionFilter>
+                      <action>
+                        <execute/>
+                      </action>
+                    </pluginExecution>
+                  </pluginExecutions>
+                </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+              </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+          </plugins>
+        </pluginManagement>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
 </project>
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelper.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d0ec5218dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class with {@code ThreadLocal} fields that allow the generated
+ * classes {@link Idl} and {@link IdlTokenManager} to exchange documentation
+ * comments without forcing explicit parsing of documentation comments.
+ *
+ * The reason this works is that all calls to this class happen within a call to
+ * the method {@link Idl#CompilationUnit()} (either directly or indirectly).
+ */
+public class DocCommentHelper {
+  /**
+   * Pattern to match the common whitespace indents in a multi-line String.
+   * Doesn't match a single-line String, fully matches any multi-line String.
+   *
+   * To use: match on a {@link String#trim() trimmed} String, and then replace all
+   * newlines followed by the group "indent" with a newline.
+   */
+  private static final Pattern WS_INDENT = Pattern.compile("(?U).*\\R(?<indent>\\h*).*(?:\\R\\k<indent>.*)*");
+  /**
+   * Pattern to match the whitespace indents plus common stars (1 or 2) in a
+   * multi-line String. If a String fully matches, replace all occurrences of a
+   * newline followed by whitespace and then the group "stars" with a newline.
+   *
+   * Note: partial matches are invalid.
+   */
+  private static final Pattern STAR_INDENT = Pattern.compile("(?U)(?<stars>\\*{1,2}).*(?:\\R\\h*\\k<stars>.*)*");
+
+  private static final ThreadLocal<DocComment> DOC = new ThreadLocal<>();
+  private static final ThreadLocal<List<String>> WARNINGS = ThreadLocal.withInitial(ArrayList::new);
+
+  /**
+   * Return all warnings that were encountered while parsing, once. Subsequent
+   * calls before parsing again will return an empty list.
+   */
+  static List<String> getAndClearWarnings() {
+    List<String> warnings = WARNINGS.get();
+    WARNINGS.remove();
+    return warnings;
+  }
+
+  static void setDoc(Token token) {
+    DocComment newDocComment = new DocComment(token);
+    DocComment oldDocComment = DOC.get();
+    if (oldDocComment != null) {
+      WARNINGS.get()
+          .add(String.format(
+              "Found documentation comment at line %d, column %d. Ignoring previous one at line %d, column %d: \"%s\"\n"
+                  + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?",
+              newDocComment.line, newDocComment.column, oldDocComment.line, oldDocComment.column, oldDocComment.text));
+    }
+    DOC.set(newDocComment);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear any documentation (and generate a warning if there was).
+   *
+   * This method should NOT be used after an optional component in a grammar
+   * (i.e., after a @code{[…]} or @code{…*} construct), because the optional
+   * grammar part may have already caused parsing a doc comment special token
+   * placed after the code block.
+   */
+  static void clearDoc() {
+    DocComment oldDocComment = DOC.get();
+    if (oldDocComment != null) {
+      WARNINGS.get()
+          .add(String.format(
+              "Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment at line %d, column %d: \"%s\"\n"
+                  + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?",
+              oldDocComment.line, oldDocComment.column, oldDocComment.text));
+    }
+    DOC.remove();
+  }
+
+  static String getDoc() {
+    DocComment docComment = DOC.get();
+    DOC.remove();
+    return docComment == null ? null : docComment.text;
+  }
+
+  /* Package private to facilitate testing */
+  static String stripIndents(String doc) {
+    Matcher starMatcher = STAR_INDENT.matcher(doc);
+    if (starMatcher.matches()) {
+      return doc.replaceAll("(?U)(?:^|(\\R)\\h*)\\Q" + starMatcher.group("stars") + "\\E\\h?", "$1");
+    }
+
+    Matcher whitespaceMatcher = WS_INDENT.matcher(doc);
+    if (whitespaceMatcher.matches()) {
+      return doc.replaceAll("(?U)(\\R)" + whitespaceMatcher.group("indent"), "$1");
+    }
+
+    return doc;
+  }
+
+  private static class DocComment {
+    private final String text;
+    private final int line;
+    private final int column;
+
+    DocComment(Token token) {
+      // The token is everything after the initial '/**', including all
+      // whitespace and the ending '*/'
+      int tokenLength = token.image.length();
+      this.text = stripIndents(token.image.substring(0, tokenLength - 2).trim());
+      this.line = token.beginLine;
+      // The preceding token was "/**", and the current token includes
+      // everything since (also all whitespace). Thus, we can safely subtract 3
+      // from the token column to get the start of the doc comment.
+      this.column = token.beginColumn - 3;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/IsResolvedSchemaVisitor.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/IsResolvedSchemaVisitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6006ad5f82f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/IsResolvedSchemaVisitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.SchemaVisitor;
+import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.SchemaVisitorAction;
+
+/**
+ * This visitor checks if the current schema is fully resolved.
+ */
+public final class IsResolvedSchemaVisitor implements SchemaVisitor<Boolean> {
+  boolean hasUnresolvedParts;
+
+  IsResolvedSchemaVisitor() {
+    hasUnresolvedParts = false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+    hasUnresolvedParts = SchemaResolver.isUnresolvedSchema(terminal);
+    return hasUnresolvedParts ? SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE : SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+    hasUnresolvedParts = SchemaResolver.isUnresolvedSchema(nonTerminal);
+    if (hasUnresolvedParts) {
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
+    }
+    if (nonTerminal.getType() == Schema.Type.RECORD && !nonTerminal.hasFields()) {
+      // We're still initializing the type...
+      return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+    }
+    return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
+    return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Boolean get() {
+    return !hasUnresolvedParts;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/ResolvingVisitor.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/ResolvingVisitor.java
index c00252ea7ca..1c7175461cc 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/ResolvingVisitor.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/ResolvingVisitor.java
@@ -139,10 +139,7 @@ public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(final Schema nt) {
         List<Schema.Field> fields = nt.getFields();
         List<Schema.Field> newFields = new ArrayList<>(fields.size());
         for (Schema.Field field : fields) {
-          Schema.Field newField = new Schema.Field(field.name(), replace.get(field.schema()), field.doc(),
-              field.defaultVal(), field.order());
-          copyAllProperties(field, newField);
-          newFields.add(newField);
+          newFields.add(new Field(field, replace.get(field.schema())));
         }
         newSchema.setFields(newFields);
       }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/SchemaResolver.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/SchemaResolver.java
index 2da4944640d..e3e1a2ddb76 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/SchemaResolver.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/SchemaResolver.java
@@ -17,18 +17,19 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
 
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.Schemas;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
-import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.Schemas;
-
 /**
  * Utility class to resolve schemas that are unavailable at the time they are
  * referenced in the IDL.
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ private SchemaResolver() {
 
   private static final String UR_SCHEMA_NS = "org.apache.avro.compiler";
 
+  private static final AtomicInteger COUNTER = new AtomicInteger();
+
   /**
    * Create a schema to represent a "unresolved" schema. (used to represent a
    * schema where the definition is not known at the time) This concept might be
@@ -53,8 +56,8 @@ private SchemaResolver() {
    * @return
    */
   static Schema unresolvedSchema(final String name) {
-    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord(UR_SCHEMA_NAME, "unresolved schema", UR_SCHEMA_NS, false,
-        Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+    Schema schema = Schema.createRecord(UR_SCHEMA_NAME + '_' + COUNTER.getAndIncrement(), "unresolved schema",
+        UR_SCHEMA_NS, false, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
     schema.addProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR, name);
     return schema;
   }
@@ -66,8 +69,8 @@ static Schema unresolvedSchema(final String name) {
    * @return
    */
   static boolean isUnresolvedSchema(final Schema schema) {
-    return (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.RECORD && schema.getProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR) != null
-        && UR_SCHEMA_NAME.equals(schema.getName()) && UR_SCHEMA_NS.equals(schema.getNamespace()));
+    return (schema.getType() == Schema.Type.RECORD && schema.getProp(UR_SCHEMA_ATTR) != null && schema.getName() != null
+        && schema.getName().startsWith(UR_SCHEMA_NAME) && UR_SCHEMA_NS.equals(schema.getNamespace()));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -84,14 +87,28 @@ static String getUnresolvedSchemaName(final Schema schema) {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Will clone the provided protocol while resolving all unreferenced schemas
+   * Is this a unresolved schema.
    *
-   * @param protocol
+   * @param schema
    * @return
    */
+  static boolean isFullyResolvedSchema(final Schema schema) {
+    if (isUnresolvedSchema(schema)) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      return Schemas.visit(schema, new IsResolvedSchemaVisitor());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Will clone the provided protocol while resolving all unreferenced schemas
+   *
+   * @param protocol a protocol with possibly unresolved schema references
+   * @return a protocol without unresolved schema references
+   */
   static Protocol resolve(final Protocol protocol) {
     Protocol result = new Protocol(protocol.getName(), protocol.getDoc(), protocol.getNamespace());
-    final Collection<Schema> types = protocol.getTypes();
+    final Collection<Schema> types = protocol.getUnresolvedTypes();
     // replace unresolved schemas.
     List<Schema> newSchemas = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
     IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> replacements = new IdentityHashMap<>();
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/Schemas.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/Schemas.java
index 91232f0f5ac..0c0e5ab6725 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/Schemas.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/Schemas.java
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Deque;
 import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 
 /**
  * Avro Schema utilities, to traverse...
@@ -68,10 +66,7 @@ public static void copyLogicalTypes(final Schema from, final Schema to) {
   }
 
   public static void copyProperties(final JsonProperties from, final JsonProperties to) {
-    Map<String, Object> objectProps = from.getObjectProps();
-    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : objectProps.entrySet()) {
-      to.addProp(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
-    }
+    from.forEachProperty(to::addProp);
   }
 
   public static boolean hasGeneratedJavaClass(final Schema schema) {
@@ -89,9 +84,9 @@ public static boolean hasGeneratedJavaClass(final Schema schema) {
   public static String getJavaClassName(final Schema schema) {
     String namespace = schema.getNamespace();
     if (namespace == null) {
-      return SpecificCompiler.mangle(schema.getName());
+      return SpecificData.mangle(schema.getName());
     } else {
-      return namespace + '.' + SpecificCompiler.mangle(schema.getName());
+      return namespace + '.' + SpecificData.mangle(schema.getName());
     }
   }
 
@@ -141,9 +136,8 @@ public static <T> T visit(final Schema start, final SchemaVisitor<T> visitor) {
             visited.put(schema, schema);
             break;
           case RECORD:
-            Iterator<Schema> reverseSchemas = schema.getFields().stream().map(Field::schema)
-                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayDeque::new)).descendingIterator();
-            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, () -> reverseSchemas);
+            terminate = visitNonTerminal(visitor, schema, dq, () -> schema.getFields().stream().map(Field::schema)
+                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayDeque::new)).descendingIterator());
             visited.put(schema, schema);
             break;
           case UNION:
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/SpecificCompiler.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/SpecificCompiler.java
index f9eb43a1386..53675f4a01b 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/SpecificCompiler.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/SpecificCompiler.java
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Conversion;
 import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
@@ -48,11 +49,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaNormalization;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParser;
 import org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.StringType;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.velocity.Template;
 import org.apache.velocity.VelocityContext;
 import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
@@ -60,7 +61,6 @@
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-import static org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData.RESERVED_WORDS;
 
 /**
  * Generate specific Java interfaces and classes for protocols and schemas.
@@ -105,8 +105,11 @@ void addLogicalTypeConversions(SpecificData specificData) {
     specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.TimeMicrosConversion());
     specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion());
     specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion());
+    specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.TimestampNanosConversion());
     specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMicrosConversion());
     specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampMillisConversion());
+    specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new TimeConversions.LocalTimestampNanosConversion());
+    specificData.addLogicalTypeConversion(new Conversions.UUIDConversion());
   }
 
   private final SpecificData specificData = new SpecificData();
@@ -120,12 +123,17 @@ void addLogicalTypeConversions(SpecificData specificData) {
   private boolean gettersReturnOptional = false;
   private boolean optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly = false;
   private boolean createSetters = true;
+  private boolean createNullSafeAnnotations = false;
   private boolean createAllArgsConstructor = true;
   private String outputCharacterEncoding;
   private boolean enableDecimalLogicalType = false;
   private String suffix = ".java";
   private List<Object> additionalVelocityTools = Collections.emptyList();
 
+  private String recordSpecificClass = "org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase";
+
+  private String errorSpecificClass = "org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificExceptionBase";
+
   /*
    * Used in the record.vm template.
    */
@@ -133,23 +141,6 @@ public boolean isCreateAllArgsConstructor() {
     return createAllArgsConstructor;
   }
 
-  /* Reserved words for accessor/mutator methods */
-  private static final Set<String> ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS = new HashSet<>(
-      Arrays.asList("class", "schema", "classSchema"));
-
-  static {
-    // Add reserved words to accessor/mutator reserved words
-    ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS.addAll(RESERVED_WORDS);
-  }
-
-  /* Reserved words for error types */
-  private static final Set<String> ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("message", "cause"));
-
-  static {
-    // Add accessor/mutator reserved words to error reserved words
-    ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS.addAll(ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS);
-  }
-
   private static final String FILE_HEADER = "/**\n" + " * Autogenerated by Avro\n" + " *\n"
       + " * DO NOT EDIT DIRECTLY\n" + " */\n";
 
@@ -163,8 +154,20 @@ public SpecificCompiler(Protocol protocol) {
   }
 
   public SpecificCompiler(Schema schema) {
+    this(Collections.singleton(schema));
+  }
+
+  public SpecificCompiler(Collection<Schema> schemas) {
+    this();
+    for (Schema schema : schemas) {
+      enqueue(schema);
+    }
+    this.protocol = null;
+  }
+
+  public SpecificCompiler(Iterable<Schema> schemas) {
     this();
-    enqueue(schema);
+    schemas.forEach(this::enqueue);
     this.protocol = null;
   }
 
@@ -235,6 +238,17 @@ public void setCreateSetters(boolean createSetters) {
     this.createSetters = createSetters;
   }
 
+  public boolean isCreateNullSafeAnnotations() {
+    return this.createNullSafeAnnotations;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to add jetbrains @Nullable and @NotNull annotations
+   */
+  public void setCreateNullSafeAnnotations(boolean createNullSafeAnnotations) {
+    this.createNullSafeAnnotations = createNullSafeAnnotations;
+  }
+
   public boolean isCreateOptionalGetters() {
     return this.createOptionalGetters;
   }
@@ -371,7 +385,7 @@ private void initializeVelocity() {
         "org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.ClasspathResourceLoader");
     velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loader.file.class",
         "org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.FileResourceLoader");
-    velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loader.file.path", "/, .");
+    velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loader.file.path", "/, ., ");
     velocityEngine.setProperty("runtime.strict_mode.enable", true);
 
     // Set whitespace gobbling to Backward Compatible (BC)
@@ -457,12 +471,16 @@ public static void compileSchema(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
    * Generates Java classes for a number of schema files.
    */
   public static void compileSchema(File[] srcFiles, File dest) throws IOException {
-    Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
+    SchemaParser parser = new SchemaParser();
 
     for (File src : srcFiles) {
-      Schema schema = parser.parse(src);
+      parser.parse(src);
+    }
+    // FIXME: use lastModified() without causing a NoSuchMethodError in the build
+    File lastModifiedSourceFile = Stream.of(srcFiles).max(Comparator.comparing(File::lastModified)).orElse(null);
+    for (Schema schema : parser.getParsedNamedSchemas()) {
       SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(schema);
-      compiler.compileToDestination(src, dest);
+      compiler.compileToDestination(lastModifiedSourceFile, dest);
     }
   }
 
@@ -557,7 +575,7 @@ OutputFile compileInterface(Protocol protocol) {
     String out = renderTemplate(templateDir + "protocol.vm", context);
 
     OutputFile outputFile = new OutputFile();
-    String mangledName = mangle(protocol.getName());
+    String mangledName = mangleTypeIdentifier(protocol.getName());
     outputFile.path = makePath(mangledName, mangle(protocol.getNamespace()));
     outputFile.contents = out;
     outputFile.outputCharacterEncoding = outputCharacterEncoding;
@@ -629,7 +647,7 @@ OutputFile compile(Schema schema) {
     }
 
     OutputFile outputFile = new OutputFile();
-    String name = mangle(schema.getName());
+    String name = mangleTypeIdentifier(schema.getName());
     outputFile.path = makePath(name, mangle(schema.getNamespace()));
     outputFile.contents = output;
     outputFile.outputCharacterEncoding = outputCharacterEncoding;
@@ -653,9 +671,7 @@ private Protocol addStringType(Protocol p) {
     Protocol newP = new Protocol(p.getName(), p.getDoc(), p.getNamespace());
     Map<Schema, Schema> types = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
-    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> a : p.getObjectProps().entrySet()) {
-      newP.addProp(a.getKey(), a.getValue());
-    }
+    p.forEachProperty(newP::addProp);
 
     // annotate types
     Collection<Schema> namedTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
@@ -795,7 +811,7 @@ private String javaType(Schema schema, boolean checkConvertedLogicalType) {
     case RECORD:
     case ENUM:
     case FIXED:
-      return mangle(schema.getFullName());
+      return SpecificData.mangleFullyQualified(schema.getFullName());
     case ARRAY:
       return "java.util.List<" + javaType(schema.getElementType()) + ">";
     case MAP:
@@ -856,7 +872,7 @@ public String generateSetterCode(Schema schema, String name, String pname) {
   /**
    * Utility for template use. Returns the unboxed java type for a Schema.
    *
-   * @deprecated use javaUnbox(Schema, boolean), kept for backward compatibiliby
+   * @deprecated use javaUnbox(Schema, boolean), kept for backward compatibility
    *             of custom templates
    */
   @Deprecated
@@ -920,19 +936,21 @@ public int getNonNullIndex(Schema s) {
    * record.vm can handle the schema being presented.
    */
   public boolean isCustomCodable(Schema schema) {
-    if (schema.isError())
-      return false;
     return isCustomCodable(schema, new HashSet<>());
   }
 
   private boolean isCustomCodable(Schema schema, Set<Schema> seen) {
     if (!seen.add(schema))
+      // Recursive call: assume custom codable until a caller on the call stack proves
+      // otherwise.
       return true;
     if (schema.getLogicalType() != null)
       return false;
     boolean result = true;
     switch (schema.getType()) {
     case RECORD:
+      if (schema.isError())
+        return false;
       for (Schema.Field f : schema.getFields())
         result &= isCustomCodable(f.schema(), seen);
       break;
@@ -1035,7 +1053,7 @@ public static String javaEscape(String o) {
    * Utility for template use. Escapes comment end with HTML entities.
    */
   public static String escapeForJavadoc(String s) {
-    return s.replace("*/", "*&#47;");
+    return s.replace("*/", "*&#47;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;");
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1049,47 +1067,44 @@ public static String nullToEmpty(String x) {
    * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
    */
   public static String mangle(String word) {
-    return mangle(word, false);
+    return SpecificData.mangle(word, false);
   }
 
   /**
    * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
    */
   public static String mangle(String word, boolean isError) {
-    return mangle(word, isError ? ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS : RESERVED_WORDS);
+    return SpecificData.mangle(word, isError);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words in type
+   * identifiers.
+   */
+  public static String mangleTypeIdentifier(String word) {
+    return SpecificData.mangleTypeIdentifier(word, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words in type
+   * identifiers.
+   */
+  public static String mangleTypeIdentifier(String word, boolean isError) {
+    return SpecificData.mangle(word, isError);
   }
 
   /**
    * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
    */
   public static String mangle(String word, Set<String> reservedWords) {
-    return mangle(word, reservedWords, false);
+    return SpecificData.mangle(word, reservedWords, false);
   }
 
   /**
    * Utility for template use. Adds a dollar sign to reserved words.
    */
   public static String mangle(String word, Set<String> reservedWords, boolean isMethod) {
-    if (StringUtils.isBlank(word)) {
-      return word;
-    }
-    if (word.contains(".")) {
-      // If the 'word' is really a full path of a class we must mangle just the
-      String[] packageWords = word.split("\\.");
-      String[] newPackageWords = new String[packageWords.length];
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < packageWords.length; i++) {
-        String oldName = packageWords[i];
-        newPackageWords[i] = mangle(oldName, reservedWords, false);
-      }
-
-      return String.join(".", newPackageWords);
-    }
-    if (reservedWords.contains(word) || (isMethod && reservedWords
-        .contains(Character.toLowerCase(word.charAt(0)) + ((word.length() > 1) ? word.substring(1) : "")))) {
-      return word + "$";
-    }
-    return word;
+    return SpecificData.mangle(word, reservedWords, isMethod);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1220,14 +1235,10 @@ private static String generateMethodName(Schema schema, Field field, String pref
 
     // Check for the special case in which the schema defines two fields whose
     // names are identical except for the case of the first character:
-    char firstChar = field.name().charAt(0);
-    String conflictingFieldName = (Character.isLowerCase(firstChar) ? Character.toUpperCase(firstChar)
-        : Character.toLowerCase(firstChar)) + (field.name().length() > 1 ? field.name().substring(1) : "");
-    boolean fieldNameConflict = schema.getField(conflictingFieldName) != null;
+    int indexNameConflict = calcNameIndex(field.name(), schema);
 
     StringBuilder methodBuilder = new StringBuilder(prefix);
-    String fieldName = mangle(field.name(), schema.isError() ? ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS : ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS,
-        true);
+    String fieldName = SpecificData.mangleMethod(field.name(), schema.isError());
 
     boolean nextCharToUpper = true;
     for (int ii = 0; ii < fieldName.length(); ii++) {
@@ -1243,16 +1254,75 @@ private static String generateMethodName(Schema schema, Field field, String pref
     methodBuilder.append(postfix);
 
     // If there is a field name conflict append $0 or $1
-    if (fieldNameConflict) {
+    if (indexNameConflict >= 0) {
       if (methodBuilder.charAt(methodBuilder.length() - 1) != '$') {
         methodBuilder.append('$');
       }
-      methodBuilder.append(Character.isLowerCase(firstChar) ? '0' : '1');
+      methodBuilder.append(indexNameConflict);
     }
 
     return methodBuilder.toString();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Calc name index for getter / setter field in case of conflict as example,
+   * having a schema with fields __X, _X, _x, X, x should result with indexes __X:
+   * 3, _X: 2, _x: 1, X: 0 x: None (-1)
+   *
+   * @param fieldName : field name.
+   * @param schema    : schema.
+   * @return index for field.
+   */
+  private static int calcNameIndex(String fieldName, Schema schema) {
+    // get name without underscore at start
+    // and calc number of other similar fields with same subname.
+    int countSimilar = 0;
+    String pureFieldName = fieldName;
+    while (!pureFieldName.isEmpty() && pureFieldName.charAt(0) == '_') {
+      pureFieldName = pureFieldName.substring(1);
+      if (schema.getField(pureFieldName) != null) {
+        countSimilar++;
+      }
+      String reversed = reverseFirstLetter(pureFieldName);
+      if (schema.getField(reversed) != null) {
+        countSimilar++;
+      }
+    }
+    // field name start with upper have +1
+    String reversed = reverseFirstLetter(fieldName);
+    if (!pureFieldName.isEmpty() && Character.isUpperCase(pureFieldName.charAt(0))
+        && schema.getField(reversed) != null) {
+      countSimilar++;
+    }
+
+    int ret = -1; // if no similar name, no index.
+    if (countSimilar > 0) {
+      ret = countSimilar - 1; // index is count similar -1 (start with $0)
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reverse first letter upper <=> lower. __Name <=> __name
+   *
+   * @param name : input name.
+   * @return name with change case of first letter.
+   */
+  private static String reverseFirstLetter(String name) {
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(name);
+    int index = 0;
+    while (builder.length() > index && builder.charAt(index) == '_') {
+      index++;
+    }
+    if (builder.length() > index) {
+      char c = builder.charAt(index);
+      char inverseC = Character.isLowerCase(c) ? Character.toUpperCase(c) : Character.toLowerCase(c);
+      builder.setCharAt(index, inverseC);
+    }
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Tests whether an unboxed Java type can be set to null
    */
@@ -1284,4 +1354,20 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   public void setOutputCharacterEncoding(String outputCharacterEncoding) {
     this.outputCharacterEncoding = outputCharacterEncoding;
   }
+
+  public String getSchemaParentClass(boolean isError) {
+    if (isError) {
+      return this.errorSpecificClass;
+    } else {
+      return this.recordSpecificClass;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setRecordSpecificClass(final String recordSpecificClass) {
+    this.recordSpecificClass = recordSpecificClass;
+  }
+
+  public void setErrorSpecificClass(final String errorSpecificClass) {
+    this.errorSpecificClass = errorSpecificClass;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/javacc/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/idl.jj b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/javacc/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/idl.jj
index 0a2b69667cd..2d312794c3e 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/javacc/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/idl.jj
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/javacc/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/idl.jj
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
 import java.io.*;
 import java.net.*;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.net.URL;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.*;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
@@ -79,28 +81,32 @@ import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.*;
 
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringEscapeUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;
 
 /**
  * Grammar to parse a higher-level language into an Avro Schema.
  *
  * Note: each instance is not thread-safe, but multiple separate
  * instances are safely independent.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use the new org.apache.avro.idl.IdlReader from avro-idl instead.
  */
+@Deprecated
 public class Idl implements Closeable {
   static JsonNodeFactory FACTORY = JsonNodeFactory.instance;
+  private static final String OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.Idl.NullableType.optional";
 
   URI inputDir;
   ClassLoader resourceLoader = null;
   String namespace;
-  Map<String,Schema> names = new LinkedHashMap<String,Schema>();
-
-  private static final ThreadLocal<String> DOC = new ThreadLocal<String>();
-  static void setDoc(String doc) { DOC.set(doc.trim()); }
-  static String getDoc() {
-    String doc = DOC.get();
-    DOC.set(null);
-    return doc;
+  Map<String,Schema> names = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+  private List<String> parserWarnings = Collections.emptyList();
+  /**
+   * Return all warnings that were encountered while parsing.
+   */
+  public List<String> getWarningsAfterParsing() {
+    return parserWarnings;
   }
 
   public Idl(File inputFile) throws IOException {
@@ -134,6 +140,7 @@ public class Idl implements Closeable {
     this.resourceLoader = parent.resourceLoader;
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("RedundantThrows")
   public void close() throws IOException {
     jj_input_stream.inputStream.close();
   }
@@ -156,7 +163,7 @@ public class Idl implements Closeable {
     JsonNode value = props.get(key);
     if (!value.isArray())
       throw error(key+" property must be array: "+value, token);
-    List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
+    List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();
     for (JsonNode n : value)
       if (n.isTextual())
         values.add(n.textValue());
@@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ public class Idl implements Closeable {
     File file = "file".equals(uri.getScheme()) ? new File(uri.getPath()) : null;
     URL result = null;
     if (file != null && file.exists())
-      result = file.toURI().toURL();
+      result = new URL("file:" + file.getPath());
     else if (this.resourceLoader != null)
       if ("classpath".equals(uri.getScheme()))
         result = this.resourceLoader.getResource(uri.getPath().substring(1));
@@ -181,6 +188,31 @@ public class Idl implements Closeable {
     return result;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * For "optional schemas" (recognized by the marker property the NullableType
+   * production adds), ensure the null schema is in the right place.
+   *
+   * @param schema       a schema
+   * @param defaultValue the intended default value
+   * @return the schema, or an optional schema with null in the right place
+   */
+  private static Schema fixOptionalSchema(Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
+    final Object optionalType = schema.getObjectProp(OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY);
+    if (optionalType != null) {
+      // The schema is a union schema with 2 types: "null" and a non-"null" schema
+      Schema nullSchema = schema.getTypes().get(0);
+      Schema nonNullSchema = schema.getTypes().get(1);
+      boolean nonNullDefault = defaultValue != null && !defaultValue.isNull();
+
+      // Always return a new schema: this drops the marker property.
+      if (nonNullDefault) {
+        return Schema.createUnion(nonNullSchema, nullSchema);
+      } else {
+        return Schema.createUnion(nullSchema, nonNullSchema);
+      }
+    }
+    return schema;
+  }
 }
 
 PARSER_END(Idl)
@@ -219,13 +251,13 @@ MORE :
 <DOC_COMMENT>
 SPECIAL_TOKEN :
 {
-  <"*/" > {Idl.setDoc(image.substring(0, image.length()-2));} : DEFAULT
+  "*/" {DocCommentHelper.setDoc(matchedToken);} : DEFAULT
 }
 
 <MULTI_LINE_COMMENT>
 SKIP :
 {
-  <"*/" > : DEFAULT
+  "*/" : DEFAULT
 }
 
 /* RESERVED WORDS AND LITERALS */
@@ -260,6 +292,7 @@ TOKEN :
 | < TIME: "time_ms" >
 | < TIMESTAMP: "timestamp_ms" >
 | < DECIMAL: "decimal" >
+| < BIG_DECIMAL: "big_decimal" >
 | < LOCAL_TIMESTAMP: "local_timestamp_ms" >
 | < UUID: "uuid" >
 }
@@ -998,6 +1031,7 @@ TOKEN :
 | < EQUALS: "=" >
 | < DOT: "." >
 | < DASH: "-" >
+| < QUESTION_MARK: "?" >
 }
 
 TOKEN :
@@ -1019,19 +1053,23 @@ TOKEN :
 Protocol CompilationUnit():
 {
   Protocol p;
+  DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(); // Throw away previous results.
 }
 {
   p = ProtocolDeclaration()
-  ( < "\u001a" > )?
+  ( "\u001a" )?
   ( <STUFF_TO_IGNORE: ~[]> )?
   <EOF>
-  { return SchemaResolver.resolve(p); }
+  {
+    parserWarnings = DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings();
+    return SchemaResolver.resolve(p);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
  * Declaration syntax follows.
  */
-private Schema NamedSchemaDeclaration(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
+private Schema NamedSchemaDeclaration(String doc, Map<String, JsonNode> props):
 {
   Schema s;
   String savedSpace = this.namespace;
@@ -1042,9 +1080,9 @@ private Schema NamedSchemaDeclaration(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
       this.namespace = getTextProp("namespace", props, token);
   }
  (
-     s = FixedDeclaration()
-   | s = EnumDeclaration()
-   | s = RecordDeclaration()
+     s = FixedDeclaration(doc)
+   | s = EnumDeclaration(doc)
+   | s = RecordDeclaration(doc)
  )
  {
    this.namespace = savedSpace;
@@ -1054,9 +1092,12 @@ private Schema NamedSchemaDeclaration(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
      } else if ("aliases".equals(key)) {          // aliases
        for (String alias : getTextProps("aliases", props, token))
          s.addAlias(alias);
-     } else {                                     // add all other props
+     } else {                                     // add all other properties
        Accessor.addProp(s, key, props.get(key));
      }
+   LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(s);
+   if (logicalType != null)
+     logicalType.addToSchema(s);
 
    return s;
  }
@@ -1065,11 +1106,10 @@ private Schema NamedSchemaDeclaration(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
 Schema UnionDefinition():
 {
   Schema s;
-  List<Schema> schemata = new ArrayList<Schema>();
+  List<Schema> schemata = new ArrayList<>();
 }
 {
- // TODO should probably disallow other unions here in the parser?
-
+  // Don't disallow unions here: its constructor disallows nested unions and throws a descriptive exception.
   "union"
   "{"
   s = Type()
@@ -1089,11 +1129,12 @@ Schema UnionDefinition():
 
 Protocol ProtocolDeclaration():
 {
-  String name;
+  String doc, name;
   Protocol p;
-  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<String, JsonNode>();
+  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 }
 {
+  doc = Documentation()
   ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
   {
     if (props.containsKey("namespace"))
@@ -1102,10 +1143,10 @@ Protocol ProtocolDeclaration():
  "protocol"
    name = Identifier()
  {
-   p = new Protocol(name, getDoc(), namespace);
+   p = new Protocol(name, doc, namespace);
    for (String key : props.keySet())
      if ("namespace".equals(key)) {               // already handled: ignore
-     } else {                                     // add all other props
+     } else {                                     // add all other properties
        Accessor.addProp(p, key, props.get(key));
      }
  }
@@ -1116,20 +1157,32 @@ Protocol ProtocolDeclaration():
 }
 
 
-Schema EnumDeclaration():
+String Documentation():
+{
+  //noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
+  getToken(1); // Parse, but don't consume, at least one token; this triggers parsing special tokens like doc comments.
+}
+{
+   // Don't parse anything, just return the doc string
+   {
+       return DocCommentHelper.getDoc();
+   }
+}
+
+
+Schema EnumDeclaration(String doc):
 {
   String name;
   List<String> symbols;
   String defaultSymbol = null;
 }
 {
-  "enum" {   String doc = getDoc(); }
+  "enum"
   name = Identifier()
   symbols = EnumBody()
-      [ <EQUALS> defaultSymbol=Identifier() <SEMICOLON>]
+      [ <EQUALS> defaultSymbol=Identifier() <SEMICOLON> { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); } ]
   {
-    Schema s = Schema.createEnum(name, doc, this.namespace, symbols,
-                                 defaultSymbol);
+    Schema s = Schema.createEnum(name, doc, namespace, symbols, defaultSymbol);
     names.put(s.getFullName(), s);
     return s;
   }
@@ -1137,13 +1190,14 @@ Schema EnumDeclaration():
 
 List<String> EnumBody():
 {
-  List<String> symbols = new ArrayList<String>();
+  List<String> symbols = new ArrayList<>();
 }
 {
-  "{"
-  [ EnumConstant(symbols) ( LOOKAHEAD(2) "," EnumConstant(symbols) )* ]
+  "{" { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); }
+  [ EnumConstant(symbols) ( "," EnumConstant(symbols) )* ]
   "}"
   {
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
     return symbols;
   }
 }
@@ -1158,13 +1212,14 @@ void EnumConstant(List<String> symbols):
 
 void ProtocolBody(Protocol p):
 {
+  String doc;
   Schema schema;
   Message message;
   Protocol importProtocol;
-  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<String, JsonNode>();
+  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 }
 {
-  "{"
+  "{" { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); }
   (
    <IMPORT>
    ((( importProtocol = ImportIdl() | importProtocol = ImportProtocol()) {
@@ -1173,21 +1228,26 @@ void ProtocolBody(Protocol p):
        p.getMessages().putAll(importProtocol.getMessages());
      })
      | schema = ImportSchema()
-     )
+     ) {
+       DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
+     }
    |
+   doc = Documentation()
    ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
    (
-     schema = NamedSchemaDeclaration(props)
+     schema = NamedSchemaDeclaration(doc, props)
      |
-     message = MessageDeclaration(p, props) {
+     message = MessageDeclaration(p, doc, props) {
        p.getMessages().put(message.getName(), message);
      }
-    )  { props.clear(); }
+    ) {
+      props.clear();
+    }
   ) *
   "}"
-
   {
     p.setTypes(names.values());
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
   }
 }
 
@@ -1198,13 +1258,8 @@ Protocol ImportIdl() : {
 {
   <IDL> importFile = JsonString() ";"
     {
-      try {
-        Idl idl = new Idl(findFile(importFile), this);
-        try {
-          return idl.CompilationUnit();
-        } finally {
-          idl.close();
-        }
+      try (Idl idl=new Idl(findFile(importFile), this)){
+        return idl.CompilationUnit();
       } catch (IOException e) {
         throw error("Error importing "+importFile+": "+e, token);
       }
@@ -1217,14 +1272,8 @@ Protocol ImportProtocol() : {
 {
   <PROTOCOL> importFile = JsonString() ";"
     {
-
-      try {
-        InputStream stream = findFile(importFile).openStream();
-        try {
-          return Protocol.parse(stream);
-        } finally {
-          stream.close();
-        }
+      try (InputStream stream=findFile(importFile).openStream()) {
+        return Protocol.parse(stream);
       } catch (IOException e) {
         throw error("Error importing "+importFile+": "+e, token);
       }
@@ -1237,24 +1286,21 @@ Schema ImportSchema() : {
 {
   <SCHEMA> importFile = JsonString() ";"
     {
-      try {
+      try (InputStream stream=findFile(importFile).openStream()){
+        // This usage of Schema.Parser should not be changed.
+        // Remove this whole (old) IDL parser instead.
         Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
-        parser.addTypes(names);                   // inherit names
-        InputStream stream = findFile(importFile).openStream();
-        try {
-          Schema value = parser.parse(stream);
-          names = parser.getTypes();                // update names
-          return value;
-        } finally {
-          stream.close();
-        }
+        parser.addTypes(names.values());          // inherit names
+        Schema value = parser.parse(stream);
+        names = parser.getTypes();                // update names
+        return value;
       } catch (IOException e) {
         throw error("Error importing "+importFile+": "+e, token);
       }
     }
 }
 
-Schema FixedDeclaration():
+Schema FixedDeclaration(String doc):
 {
   String name;
   Token sizeTok;
@@ -1263,17 +1309,17 @@ Schema FixedDeclaration():
   "fixed" name = Identifier() "(" sizeTok = <INTEGER_LITERAL> ")"
   ";"
   {
-    Schema s = Schema.createFixed(name, getDoc(), this.namespace,
-                                  Integer.parseInt(sizeTok.image));
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
+    Schema s = Schema.createFixed(name, doc, this.namespace, Integer.parseInt(sizeTok.image));
     names.put(s.getFullName(), s);
     return s;
   }
 }
 
-Schema RecordDeclaration():
+Schema RecordDeclaration(String doc):
 {
   String name;
-  List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<Field>();
+  List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
   boolean isError;
 }
 {
@@ -1283,14 +1329,14 @@ Schema RecordDeclaration():
   )
   name = Identifier()
   {
-    Schema result = Schema.createRecord(
-      name, getDoc(), this.namespace, isError);
+    Schema result = Schema.createRecord(name, doc, this.namespace, isError);
     names.put(result.getFullName(), result);
   }
-  "{"
+  "{" { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); }
     ( FieldDeclaration(fields) )*
   "}"
   {
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
     result.setFields(fields);
     return result;
   }
@@ -1313,84 +1359,66 @@ private void SchemaProperty(Map<String, JsonNode> properties):
 
 void FieldDeclaration(List<Field> fields):
 {
+  String defaultDoc;
   Schema type;
-  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<String, JsonNode>();
 }
 {
-  // TODO should we be able to specify properties on any Type?
-  // or just on field declarations as done here
-
-  ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
+  defaultDoc = Documentation()
   type = Type()
-  VariableDeclarator(type, fields) ( "," VariableDeclarator(type, fields) )*
-  ";"
-  {
-    for (String key : props.keySet())
-      Accessor.addProp(type, key, props.get(key));
-  }
+  VariableDeclarator(type, defaultDoc, fields) ( "," VariableDeclarator(type, defaultDoc, fields) )*
+  ";" { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); }
 }
 
-void VariableDeclarator(Schema type, List<Field> fields):
+void VariableDeclarator(Schema type, String defaultDoc, List<Field> fields):
 {
-  String name;
+  String doc, name;
   JsonNode defaultValue = null;
-  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<String, JsonNode>();
+  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 }
 {
-    ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
-
+  doc = Documentation()
+  ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
   name = Identifier()
-
-    [ <EQUALS> defaultValue=Json() ]
-
+  [ <EQUALS> defaultValue=Json() ]
   {
     Field.Order order = Field.Order.ASCENDING;
     for (String key : props.keySet())
       if ("order".equals(key))
         order = Field.Order.valueOf(getTextProp(key,props,token).toUpperCase());
 
-    boolean validate = !SchemaResolver.isUnresolvedSchema(type);
-    Field field = Accessor.createField(name, type, getDoc(), defaultValue, validate, order);
+    boolean validate = SchemaResolver.isFullyResolvedSchema(type);
+    Schema fieldType = fixOptionalSchema(type, defaultValue);
+    Field field = Accessor.createField(name, fieldType, doc == null ? defaultDoc : doc, defaultValue, validate, order);
     for (String key : props.keySet())
       if ("order".equals(key)) {                  // already handled: ignore
       } else if ("aliases".equals(key)) {         // aliases
         for (String alias : getTextProps("aliases", props, token))
           field.addAlias(alias);
-      } else {                                    // add all other props
+      } else {                                    // add all other properties
         Accessor.addProp(field, key, props.get(key));
       }
     fields.add(field);
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
   }
 }
 
 
-String MessageDocumentation():
-{}
+private Message MessageDeclaration(Protocol p, String msgDoc, Map<String, JsonNode> props):
 {
-   // Don't parse anything, just return the doc string
-   {
-       return getDoc();
-   }
-}
-
-private Message MessageDeclaration(Protocol p, Map<String, JsonNode> props):
-{
-  String msgDoc;
   String name;
   Schema request;
   Schema response;
   boolean oneWay = false;
-  List<Schema> errorSchemata = new ArrayList<Schema>();
+  List<Schema> errorSchemata = new ArrayList<>();
   errorSchemata.add(Protocol.SYSTEM_ERROR);
 }
 {
-  msgDoc = MessageDocumentation()
-  response = ResultType()
-  name = Identifier()
+  response = ResultType()  name = Identifier()
   request = FormalParameters()
   [ "oneway" {oneWay = true; } | "throws" ErrorList(errorSchemata) ]
   ";"
   {
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
     Schema errors = Schema.createUnion(errorSchemata);
     if (oneWay && response.getType() != Type.NULL)
       throw error("One-way message'"+name+"' must return void", token);
@@ -1412,44 +1440,89 @@ void ErrorList(List<Schema> errors):
 
 Schema FormalParameters():
 {
-  List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<Field>();
+  List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
 }
 {
-  (
-    "(" [ FormalParameter(fields) ( "," FormalParameter(fields) )* ] ")"
-  )
+  "(" { DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); }
+  [ FormalParameter(fields) ( "," FormalParameter(fields) )* ] ")"
   {
-    return Schema.createRecord(fields);
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
+    return Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, fields);
   }
 }
 
 void FormalParameter(List<Field> fields):
 {
+  String doc;
   Schema type;
 }
 {
+  doc = Documentation()
   type = Type()
-  VariableDeclarator(type, fields)
+  VariableDeclarator(type, doc, fields)
 }
 
 Schema Type():
 {
   Schema s;
-  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<String, JsonNode>();
+  Map<String, JsonNode> props = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 }
 {
-
     ( SchemaProperty(props) )*
+  s = UnannotatedType(props)
+  {
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+Schema UnannotatedType(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
+{
+  Schema s;
+}
+{
   (
-      LOOKAHEAD(2) s = ReferenceType()
-    | s = PrimitiveType()
-    | s = UnionDefinition()
-    | s = ArrayType()
-    | s = MapType()
+    s = NullableType(props)
+    | (
+        s = UnionDefinition()
+        | s = ArrayType()
+        | s = MapType()
+      )
+      {
+        // NullableType also applies properties, inside any union with null it may create.
+        for (String key : props.keySet())
+          Accessor.addProp(s, key, props.get(key));
+        LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(s);
+        if (logicalType != null)
+          logicalType.addToSchema(s);
+      }
   )
   {
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+Schema NullableType(Map<String, JsonNode> props):
+{
+  Schema s;
+  boolean optional = false;
+}
+{
+  (
+      s = ReferenceType() { if (!props.isEmpty()) { throw error("Type references may not be annotated", token); } }
+    | s = PrimitiveType()
+  ) [ <QUESTION_MARK> { optional = true; } ]
+  {
+    // By applying the properties here (before creating the union), type annotations modify the optional type instead of the union.
     for (String key : props.keySet())
       Accessor.addProp(s, key, props.get(key));
+    LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(s);
+    if (logicalType != null)
+      logicalType.addToSchema(s);
+    if (optional) {
+      s = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), s);
+      // Add a marker property to the union (it will be removed when creating fields)
+      Accessor.addProp(s, OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY, BooleanNode.TRUE);
+    }
     return s;
   }
 }
@@ -1486,10 +1559,8 @@ Schema ReferenceType():
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 }
 {
-  (
-    part = Identifier() { sb.append(part); }
-    ("." tok = AnyIdentifier() { sb.append(".").append(tok.image); })*
-    )
+  part = Identifier() { sb.append(part); }
+  ("." tok = AnyIdentifier() { sb.append(".").append(tok.image); })*
   {
     String name = sb.toString();
     if ((name.indexOf('.') == -1) && namespace != null)
@@ -1504,7 +1575,7 @@ Schema ReferenceType():
 }
 
 Schema PrimitiveType():
-{}
+{ Schema s; }
 {
   "boolean" { return Schema.create(Type.BOOLEAN); }
 | "bytes" { return Schema.create(Type.BYTES); }
@@ -1518,7 +1589,8 @@ Schema PrimitiveType():
 | "time_ms" { return LogicalTypes.timeMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Type.INT)); }
 | "timestamp_ms" { return LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Type.LONG)); }
 | "local_timestamp_ms" { return LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Type.LONG)); }
-| "decimal" { return DecimalTypeProperties(); }
+| "decimal" s = DecimalTypeProperties() { return s; }
+| "big_decimal"  { return LogicalTypes.bigDecimal().addToSchema(Schema.create(Type.BYTES)); }
 | "uuid" {return LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Type.STRING));}
 }
 
@@ -1543,22 +1615,22 @@ Schema ResultType():
   Schema schema;
 }
 {
-  LOOKAHEAD(2)
     "void"          { return Schema.create(Type.NULL); }
-  | schema = Type() { return schema; }
+  | schema = UnannotatedType(Collections.emptyMap()) { return schema; }
 }
 
 String PropertyName():
 {
   Token t;
+  String s;
   StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();
 }
 {
-  t = <IDENTIFIER>   { name.append(t.image); }
+  s = Identifier()   { name.append(s); }
   ( t = <DASH>       { name.append(t.image); }
-    t = <IDENTIFIER> { name.append(t.image); } |
+    s = Identifier() { name.append(s); } |
     t = <DOT>        { name.append(t.image); }
-    t = <IDENTIFIER> { name.append(t.image); }
+    s = Identifier() { name.append(s); }
   ) *
   { return name.toString(); }
 }
@@ -1587,23 +1659,29 @@ Token AnyIdentifier():
    t = <FALSE> |
    t = <FIXED> |
    t = <FLOAT> |
+   t = <IDL> |
+   t = <IMPORT> |
    t = <INT> |
    t = <LONG> |
    t = <MAP> |
+   t = <ONEWAY> |
    t = <BYTES> |
    t = <STRING> |
+   t = <NULL> |
    t = <PROTOCOL> |
    t = <RECORD> |
    t = <SCHEMA> |
    t = <THROWS> |
    t = <TRUE> |
    t = <UNION> |
+   t = <UUID> |
    t = <VOID> |
    t = <DATE> |
    t = <TIME> |
    t = <TIMESTAMP> |
    t = <LOCAL_TIMESTAMP> |
    t = <DECIMAL> |
+   t = <BIG_DECIMAL> |
    t = <IDENTIFIER>)
   {
     return t;
@@ -1614,7 +1692,14 @@ private JsonNode Json() :
 { String s; Token t; JsonNode n; }
 { 
 ( s = JsonString() { n = new TextNode(s); }
-| (t=<INTEGER_LITERAL> { n = new LongNode(Long.parseLong(t.image)); })
+| (t=<INTEGER_LITERAL> {
+  long longValue = Long.parseLong(t.image);
+  int intValue = (int)longValue;
+  if (intValue == longValue)
+    n = new IntNode(intValue);
+  else
+    n = new LongNode(longValue);
+})
 | (t=<FLOATING_POINT_LITERAL> {n=new DoubleNode(Double.parseDouble(t.image));})
 | n=JsonObject()
 | n=JsonArray()
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/enum.vm b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/enum.vm
index c3feab9436e..c15b7ecd124 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/enum.vm
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/enum.vm
@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ package $this.mangle($schema.getNamespace());
 @$annotation
 #end
 @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-public enum ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} implements org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> {
+public enum ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} implements org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> {
   #foreach ($symbol in ${schema.getEnumSymbols()})${this.mangle($symbol)}#if ($foreach.hasNext), #end#end
   ;
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("${this.javaEscape($schema.toString())}");
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/fixed.vm b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/fixed.vm
index f4c935a7895..dbbef6ffb12 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/fixed.vm
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/fixed.vm
@@ -26,35 +26,35 @@ package $this.mangle($schema.getNamespace());
 #end
 @org.apache.avro.specific.FixedSize($schema.getFixedSize())
 @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificFixed {
+public class ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificFixed {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = ${this.fingerprint64($schema)}L;
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("${this.javaEscape($schema.toString())}");
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
 
-  /** Creates a new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} */
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}() {
+  /** Creates a new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} */
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}() {
     super();
   }
 
   /**
-   * Creates a new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} with the given bytes.
-   * @param bytes The bytes to create the new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.
+   * Creates a new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} with the given bytes.
+   * @param bytes The bytes to create the new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.
    */
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(byte[] bytes) {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(byte[] bytes) {
     super(bytes);
   }
 
-  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>
-    WRITER$ = new org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumWriter<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>(SCHEMA$);
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>
+    WRITER$ = new org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumWriter<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>(SCHEMA$);
 
   @Override public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out)
     throws java.io.IOException {
     WRITER$.write(this, org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
   }
 
-  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>
-    READER$ = new org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>(SCHEMA$);
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>
+    READER$ = new org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>(SCHEMA$);
 
   @Override public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in)
     throws java.io.IOException {
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/protocol.vm b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/protocol.vm
index 055cf8e6e4d..f9a4d1aeccd 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/protocol.vm
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/protocol.vm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ package $this.mangle($protocol.getNamespace());
 @$annotation
 #end
 @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-public interface $this.mangle($protocol.getName()) {
+public interface $this.mangleTypeIdentifier($protocol.getName()) {
   public static final org.apache.avro.Protocol PROTOCOL = org.apache.avro.Protocol.parse(${this.javaSplit($protocol.toString())});
 #foreach ($e in $protocol.getMessages().entrySet())
 #set ($name = $e.getKey())
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ ${this.mangle($error.getFullName())}##
   /** $protocol.getDoc() */
 #end
   @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-  public interface Callback extends $this.mangle($protocol.getName()) {
-    public static final org.apache.avro.Protocol PROTOCOL = #if ($this.mangle($protocol.getNamespace()))$this.mangle($protocol.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($protocol.getName())}.PROTOCOL;
+  public interface Callback extends $this.mangleTypeIdentifier($protocol.getName()) {
+    public static final org.apache.avro.Protocol PROTOCOL = #if ($this.mangle($protocol.getNamespace()))$this.mangle($protocol.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($protocol.getName())}.PROTOCOL;
 #foreach ($e in $protocol.getMessages().entrySet())
 #set ($name = $e.getKey())
 #set ($message = $e.getValue())
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/record.vm b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/record.vm
index 4b118532e70..ec1e6c3ca7a 100755
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/record.vm
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/templates/java/classic/record.vm
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 package $this.mangle($schema.getNamespace());
 #end
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 #if (!$schema.isError())
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ import org.apache.avro.message.SchemaStore;
 @$annotation
 #end
 @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificExceptionBase#else extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase#end implements org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecord {
+public class ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} extends ${this.getSchemaParentClass($schema.isError())} implements org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecord {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = ${this.fingerprint64($schema)}L;
 
 #set ($schemaString = $this.javaSplit($schema.toString()))
@@ -63,17 +62,17 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
 
 #if (!$schema.isError())
-  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> ENCODER =
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
-  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> DECODER =
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
    * @return the message encoder used by this class
    */
-  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> getEncoder() {
+  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> getEncoder() {
     return ENCODER;
   }
 
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
    * Return the BinaryMessageDecoder instance used by this class.
    * @return the message decoder used by this class
    */
-  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> getDecoder() {
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> getDecoder() {
     return DECODER;
   }
 
@@ -90,8 +89,8 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
    * @param resolver a {@link SchemaStore} used to find schemas by fingerprint
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
-  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
    * @return a ${schema.getName()} instance decoded from the given buffer
    * @throws java.io.IOException if the given bytes could not be deserialized into an instance of this class
    */
-  public static ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} fromByteBuffer(
+  public static ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} fromByteBuffer(
       java.nio.ByteBuffer b) throws java.io.IOException {
     return DECODER.decode(b);
   }
@@ -126,19 +125,19 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
 #if ($schema.isError())
 
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}() {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}() {
     super();
   }
 
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(Object value) {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(Object value) {
     super(value);
   }
 
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(Throwable cause) {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(Throwable cause) {
     super(cause);
   }
 
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(Object value, Throwable cause) {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(Object value, Throwable cause) {
     super(value, cause);
   }
 
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
    * to their default values from the schema.  If that is desired then
    * one should use <code>newBuilder()</code>.
    */
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}() {}
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}() {}
 #if ($this.isCreateAllArgsConstructor())
 
   /**
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
 #end
    */
-  public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(#foreach($field in $schema.getFields())${this.javaType($field.schema())} ${this.mangle($field.name())}#if($foreach.count < $schema.getFields().size()), #end#end) {
+  public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(#foreach($field in $schema.getFields())#if(${this.createNullSafeAnnotations})#if(${field.schema().isNullable()})@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable#else@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull#end #end${this.javaType($field.schema())} ${this.mangle($field.name())}#if($foreach.count < $schema.getFields().size()), #end#end) {
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
     ${this.generateSetterCode($field.schema(), ${this.mangle($field.name())}, ${this.mangle($field.name())})}
 #end
@@ -177,9 +176,14 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
 
 #end
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
 #set ($i = 0)
@@ -207,6 +211,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 
 #end
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
@@ -222,10 +227,10 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
 #if (${this.gettersReturnOptional} && (!${this.optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly} || ${field.schema().isNullable()}))
   /**
-   * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
-#if ($field.doc())      * $field.doc()
+   * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
+#if ($field.doc())   * $field.doc()
 #end
-   * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
+   * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
    */
   public Optional<${this.javaType($field.schema())}> ${this.generateGetMethod($schema, $field)}() {
     return Optional.<${this.javaType($field.schema())}>ofNullable(${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())});
@@ -237,6 +242,13 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #else   * @return The value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field.
 #end
    */
+#if(${this.createNullSafeAnnotations})
+#if (${field.schema().isNullable()})
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable
+#else
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull
+#end
+#end
   public ${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)} ${this.generateGetMethod($schema, $field)}() {
     return ${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())};
   }
@@ -244,10 +256,10 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 
 #if (${this.createOptionalGetters})
   /**
-   * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
-#if ($field.doc())      * $field.doc()
+   * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
+#if ($field.doc())   * $field.doc()
 #end
-   * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
+   * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
    */
   public Optional<${this.javaType($field.schema())}> ${this.generateGetOptionalMethod($schema, $field)}() {
     return Optional.<${this.javaType($field.schema())}>ofNullable(${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())});
@@ -261,53 +273,53 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
    * @param value the value to set.
    */
-  public void ${this.generateSetMethod($schema, $field)}(${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)} value) {
+  public void ${this.generateSetMethod($schema, $field)}(#if(${this.createNullSafeAnnotations})#if(${field.schema().isNullable()})@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable#else@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull#end #end${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)} value) {
     ${this.generateSetterCode($field.schema(), ${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}, "value")}
   }
 #end
 
 #end
   /**
-   * Creates a new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder.
-   * @return A new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
+   * Creates a new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder.
+   * @return A new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
    */
-  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder() {
-    return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder();
+  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder();
   }
 
   /**
-   * Creates a new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder by copying an existing Builder.
+   * Creates a new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder by copying an existing Builder.
    * @param other The existing builder to copy.
-   * @return A new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
+   * @return A new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
    */
-  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder other) {
+  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder other) {
     if (other == null) {
-      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder();
+      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder();
     } else {
-      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder(other);
+      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder(other);
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Creates a new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder by copying an existing $this.mangle($schema.getName()) instance.
+   * Creates a new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder by copying an existing $this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName()) instance.
    * @param other The existing instance to copy.
-   * @return A new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
+   * @return A new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} RecordBuilder
    */
-  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())} other) {
+  public static #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder newBuilder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} other) {
     if (other == null) {
-      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder();
+      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder();
     } else {
-      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder(other);
+      return new #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder(other);
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * RecordBuilder for ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} instances.
+   * RecordBuilder for ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} instances.
    */
   @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
-  public static class Builder extends#if ($schema.isError()) org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificErrorBuilderBase<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>#else org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBuilderBase<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>#end
+  public static class Builder extends#if ($schema.isError()) org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificErrorBuilderBase<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>#else org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBuilderBase<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>#end
 
-    implements#if ($schema.isError()) org.apache.avro.data.ErrorBuilder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>#else org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>#end {
+    implements#if ($schema.isError()) org.apache.avro.data.ErrorBuilder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>#else org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>#end {
 
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
 #if ($field.doc())
@@ -328,7 +340,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
      * Creates a Builder by copying an existing Builder.
      * @param other The existing Builder to copy.
      */
-    private Builder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder other) {
+    private Builder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder other) {
       super(other);
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
       if (isValidValue(fields()[$field.pos()], other.${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())})) {
@@ -344,10 +356,10 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing $this.mangle($schema.getName()) instance
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing $this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName()) instance
      * @param other The existing instance to copy.
      */
-    private Builder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())} other) {
+    private Builder(#if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} other) {
 #if ($schema.isError())      super(other)#else
       super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$)#end;
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
@@ -363,25 +375,25 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #if ($schema.isError())
 
     @Override
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder setValue(Object value) {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder setValue(Object value) {
       super.setValue(value);
       return this;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder clearValue() {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder clearValue() {
       super.clearValue();
       return this;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder setCause(Throwable cause) {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder setCause(Throwable cause) {
       super.setCause(cause);
       return this;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder clearCause() {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder clearCause() {
       super.clearCause();
       return this;
     }
@@ -400,10 +412,10 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 
 #if (${this.createOptionalGetters})
     /**
-      * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
+      * Gets the value of the '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}' field as an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
 #if ($field.doc())      * $field.doc()
 #end
-      * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.javaType($field.schema())}&gt;.
+      * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;${this.escapeForJavadoc(${this.javaType($field.schema())})}&gt;.
       */
     public Optional<${this.javaType($field.schema())}> ${this.generateGetOptionalMethod($schema, $field)}() {
       return Optional.<${this.javaType($field.schema())}>ofNullable(${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())});
@@ -417,7 +429,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
       * @param value The value of '${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}'.
       * @return This builder.
       */
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateSetMethod($schema, $field)}(${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)} value) {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateSetMethod($schema, $field)}(#if(${this.createNullSafeAnnotations})#if(${field.schema().isNullable()})@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable#else@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull#end #end${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)} value) {
       validate(fields()[$field.pos()], value);
 #if (${this.hasBuilder($field.schema())})
       this.${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}Builder = null;
@@ -463,7 +475,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
      * @return This builder.
      */
 
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateSetBuilderMethod($schema, $field)}(${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)}.Builder value) {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateSetBuilderMethod($schema, $field)}(${this.javaUnbox($field.schema(), false)}.Builder value) {
       ${this.generateClearMethod($schema, $field)}();
       ${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}Builder = value;
       return this;
@@ -486,7 +498,7 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
       * @return This builder.
       */
-    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangle($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateClearMethod($schema, $field)}() {
+    public #if ($schema.getNamespace())$this.mangle($schema.getNamespace()).#end${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}.Builder ${this.generateClearMethod($schema, $field)}() {
 #if (${this.isUnboxedJavaTypeNullable($field.schema())})
       ${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())} = null;
 #end
@@ -500,9 +512,9 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
 #end
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    public ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} build() {
+    public ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} build() {
       try {
-        ${this.mangle($schema.getName())} record = new ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}(#if ($schema.isError())getValue(), getCause()#end);
+        ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())} record = new ${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}(#if ($schema.isError())getValue(), getCause()#end);
 #foreach ($field in $schema.getFields())
 #if (${this.hasBuilder($field.schema())})
         if (${this.mangle($field.name(), $schema.isError())}Builder != null) {
@@ -529,8 +541,8 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>
-    WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>)MODEL$.createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>
+    WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>)MODEL$.createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
 
   @Override public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out)
     throws java.io.IOException {
@@ -538,8 +550,8 @@ public class ${this.mangle($schema.getName())}#if ($schema.isError()) extends or
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>
-    READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangle($schema.getName())}>)MODEL$.createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>
+    READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<${this.mangleTypeIdentifier($schema.getName())}>)MODEL$.createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
 
   @Override public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in)
     throws java.io.IOException {
@@ -831,7 +843,7 @@ $I    }
 $I    long size${nv} = in.readMapStart();
 $I    $t m${nv} = ${var}; // Need fresh name due to limitation of macro system
 $I    if (m${nv} == null) {
-$I      m${nv} = new java.util.HashMap<${kt},${vt}>((int)size${nv});
+$I      m${nv} = new java.util.HashMap<${kt},${vt}>((int)(size${nv} * 4)/3 + 1);
 $I      $var = m${nv};
 $I    } else m${nv}.clear();
 $I    for ( ; 0 < size${nv}; size${nv} = in.mapNext()) {
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03f6f7c6f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A stripped down version of a previous `simple.avdl`, keeping the part where a type reference had an annotation (this is wrong).
+ */
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol Simple {
+  /** An MD5 hash. */
+  fixed MD5(16);
+
+  /** A TestRecord. */
+  record TestRecord {
+    @foo("bar") MD5 hash = "0000000000000000";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr
index 5e9b194a060..ea8b0d4befb 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 {"protocol": "org.foo.Bar",
- "messages": { "bar": {"request": [], "response": "null"}}}
+ "types": [{"name":  "AorB", "type": "enum", "symbols": ["A", "B"], "default": "A"}],
+ "messages": { "bar": {"request": [{"name": "choice", "type": "AorB"}],"response": "null"}}}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38024af415a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@namespace("testing")
+protocol Comments {
+    /** Documented Enum */
+    enum /** Dangling Enum1 */ DocumentedEnum /** Dangling Enum2 */ {
+        /** Dangling Enum3 */ A,
+        /** Dangling Enum4 */ B,
+        /** Dangling Enum5 */ C
+    /** Dangling Enum6 */}
+    /** Dangling Enum7 */=
+    /** Dangling Enum8 */ A
+    /** Dangling Enum9 */;
+
+    enum UndocumentedEnum {D,E}
+
+    /** Documented Fixed Type */ fixed
+    /** Dangling Fixed1 */ DocumentedFixed
+    /** Dangling Fixed2 */(
+    /** Dangling Fixed3 */ 16
+    /** Dangling Fixed4 */)
+    /** Dangling Fixed5 */;
+
+    fixed UndocumentedFixed(16);
+
+    /** Documented Error */ error
+    /** Dangling Error1 */ DocumentedError
+    /** Dangling Field1 */{
+    /** Default Doc Explanation Field */string
+    /** Documented Reason Field */reason, explanation
+    /** Dangling Field2 */;
+    /** Dangling Error2 */}
+
+    record UndocumentedRecord {
+        string description;
+    }
+
+    /** Documented Method */ void
+    /** Dangling Param1 */ documentedMethod
+    /** Dangling Param2 */(
+        string /** Documented Parameter */ message,
+        /** Default Documented Parameter */ string defMsg
+    /** Dangling Param3 */)
+    /** Dangling Method1 */ throws
+    /** Dangling Method2 */ DocumentedError
+    /** Dangling Method3 */;
+
+    void undocumentedMethod(string message);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl
index 987e9532e0b..f2112aae7f2 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl
@@ -19,4 +19,9 @@
 protocol Foo {
   void `error`();
   void `void`();
+  void `idl`();
+  void `import`();
+  void `oneway`();
+  void `null`();
+  void `local_timestamp_ms`();
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl
index 10e50c98a0a..715bbd07d7a 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl
@@ -34,15 +34,13 @@ protocol Simple {
     A,
     B,
     C
-  } = C;
-
-  /** An MD5 hash. */
-  fixed MD5(16);
+  } = C; // C is the default value used when reading unknown values from another schema version (without it, reading throws an exception).
 
   /** A TestRecord. */
   @my-property({"key":3})
   record TestRecord {
-    string @order("ignore") name = "foo";
+    // Tests that keywords can also appear in identifiers.
+    @avro.java.`string`("String") string @order("ignore") name = "foo";
 
     /** The kind of record. */
     Kind @order("descending") kind;
@@ -50,25 +48,35 @@ protocol Simple {
     /** The status of the record. */
     Status status = "A";
 
-    @foo("bar") MD5 hash = "0000000000000000";
+    MD5 hash = "0000000000000000";
 
+    // A traditional optional field
     union {null, MD5} @aliases(["hash", "hsh"]) nullableHash = null;
 
+    // These two fields parse correctly, but will brewak (be changed to strings) when serializing the protocol/schema as JSON.
     double value = NaN;
     float average = -Infinity;
     date d = 0;
-    time_ms t = 0;
+    // An optional type with a non-null default value (results in a union with null last).
+    time_ms? t = 0;
 
     @foo.bar("bar.foo") long l = 0;
-    union {null, @foo.foo.bar(42) @foo.foo.foo("3foo") string} prop = null;
+    // Arrays (and maps) may also have properties
+    @foo.bar.bar("foo.bar2") array<string> a = [];
+    // An optional type with a null default value (results in a union with null first).
+    @foo.foo.bar(42) @foo.foo.foo("3foo") string? prop = null;
   }
 
+  /** An MD5 hash. */
+  fixed MD5(16);
+
   error TestError {
     string message;
   }
 
   /** method 'hello' takes @parameter 'greeting' */
   string hello(string greeting);
+  // The value of TestRecord also contains defaults for fields not mentioned.
   TestRecord echo(TestRecord `record` = {"name":"bar","kind":"BAR"});
   /** method 'add' takes @parameter 'arg1' @parameter 'arg2' */
   @specialProp("test")
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f37f2f748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.gen")
+protocol UnionFwd {
+
+	record TestRecord {
+		union {SR1, SR2} unionField;
+	}
+
+	record SR1 {
+		string field;
+	}
+
+	record SR2 {
+		string field;
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl
index f0e1ac8f267..49a83f45eaa 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ protocol MyProtocol {
      */
     uuid identifier;
 
+    /**
+     * A string field with a special name
+     */
+    string `uuid`;
+
 
     /**
      * a nullable uuid field
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e4a284da9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@version("1.0.5")
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol LogicalTypeTest {
+    record LogicalTypeFields {
+        date aDate;
+        time_ms aTime;
+        timestamp_ms aTimestamp;
+        local_timestamp_ms aLocalTimestamp;
+        decimal(6,2) pocketMoney;
+        uuid identifier;
+        @logicalType("timestamp-micros") long anotherTimestamp;
+        @logicalType("decimal") @precision(6) @scale(2) bytes allowance;
+        @logicalType("decimal") @precision(3000000000) @scale(0) bytes byteArray;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr
index d14c90624e8..715cdde8847 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Baseball",
   "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "enum",
     "name" : "Position",
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9901f8eebc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Comments",
+  "namespace" : "testing",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "DocumentedEnum",
+    "doc" : "Documented Enum",
+    "symbols" : [ "A", "B", "C" ],
+    "default" : "A"
+  }, {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedEnum",
+    "symbols" : [ "D", "E" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "DocumentedFixed",
+    "doc" : "Documented Fixed Type",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedFixed",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "error",
+    "name" : "DocumentedError",
+    "doc" : "Documented Error",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "reason",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "Documented Reason Field"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "explanation",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "Default Doc Explanation Field"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedRecord",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "description",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "documentedMethod" : {
+      "doc" : "Documented Method",
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "message",
+        "type" : "string",
+        "doc" : "Documented Parameter"
+      }, {
+        "name" : "defMsg",
+        "type" : "string",
+        "doc" : "Default Documented Parameter"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "errors" : [ "DocumentedError" ]
+    },
+    "undocumentedMethod" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "message",
+        "type" : "string"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr
index 06531b55479..a349206a37f 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       "fields": [
         { "name":"name", "type": "string", "doc":"the name" },
         { "name": "value", "type": "string", "doc": "the value" },
-        { "name": "type", "type": { "type": "enum", "name":"ValueType", "symbols": ["JSON","BASE64BIN","PLAIN"] } }
+        { "name": "type", "type": { "type": "enum", "name":"ValueType", "symbols": ["JSON","BASE64BIN","PLAIN"] }, "default": "PLAIN" }
       ]
     }
   ],
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr
index d2cc0d05956..b0093492d95 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Import",
   "namespace" : "org.foo",
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "types" : [ {
+   "type" : "enum",
+   "name" : "AorB",
+   "symbols" : ["A", "B"],
+   "default" : "A"
+  }, {
     "type" : "enum",
     "name" : "Position",
     "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
@@ -90,10 +95,33 @@
       "request" : [ ],
       "response" : "null"
     },
-    "bar" : {
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
       "request" : [ ],
       "response" : "null"
     },
+    "oneway" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "bar" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "choice",
+        "type" : "AorB"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
     "bazm" : {
       "request" : [ {
         "name" : "baz",
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr
index 496fca57b27..6e56c7c9cee 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "InteropProtocol",
   "namespace" : "org.apache.avro",
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "record",
     "name" : "Foo",
@@ -91,4 +91,4 @@
     } ]
   } ],
   "messages" : { }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr
index e9a32e16e07..8c6343664d6 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Events",
   "namespace" : "org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.jobhistory",
-  "doc" : "* Genavro format for a particular protocol found in Hadoop MapReduce.\n * Used as a test case/example to show that we can express real-world stuff more\n * succinctly.",
+  "doc" : "Genavro format for a particular protocol found in Hadoop MapReduce.\nUsed as a test case/example to show that we can express real-world stuff more\nsuccinctly.",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "record",
     "name" : "JhCounter",
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr
index ff12a3b4045..22ec760d5bf 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "TestNamespace",
   "namespace" : "avro.test.protocol",
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "fixed",
     "name" : "FixedInOtherNamespace",
@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@
   } ],
   "messages" : {
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr
index ae763a8d68a..f1060b0d743 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "nestedimport",
   "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.ipc.specific",
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "version" : "1.0.5",
   "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "AorB",
+    "namespace" : "org.foo",
+    "symbols" : ["A", "B"],
+    "default" : "A"
+  }, {
     "type" : "enum",
     "name" : "Position",
     "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
@@ -45,9 +51,32 @@
       "request" : [ ],
       "response" : "null"
     },
-    "bar" : {
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "oneway" : {
       "request" : [ ],
       "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "bar" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "choice",
+        "type" : "org.foo.AorB"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null"
     }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr
index e01d23aa01b..f28a90cc8b3 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Foo",
-  "namespace" : null,
-  "doc" : "* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
   "types" : [ ],
   "messages" : {
     "error" : {
@@ -11,6 +10,26 @@
     "void" : {
       "request" : [ ],
       "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "oneway" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
     }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr
index ddcb626ad0d..0ec9edb4c24 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Simple",
   "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.test",
-  "doc" : "* A simple test case.",
+  "doc" : "A simple test case.",
   "version" : "1.0.5",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "enum",
@@ -14,19 +14,16 @@
    "name" : "Status",
    "symbols" : [ "A", "B", "C" ],
    "default" : "C"
-  }, {
-    "type" : "fixed",
-    "name" : "MD5",
-    "doc" : "An MD5 hash.",
-    "size" : 16,
-    "foo" : "bar"
   }, {
     "type" : "record",
     "name" : "TestRecord",
     "doc" : "A TestRecord.",
     "fields" : [ {
       "name" : "name",
-      "type" : "string",
+      "type" : {
+        "type": "string",
+        "avro.java.string": "String"
+      },
       "default" : "foo",
       "order" : "ignore"
     }, {
@@ -41,7 +38,12 @@
       "default" : "A"
     }, {
       "name" : "hash",
-      "type" : "MD5",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "fixed",
+        "name" : "MD5",
+        "doc" : "An MD5 hash.",
+        "size" : 16
+      },
       "default" : "0000000000000000"
     }, {
       "name" : "nullableHash",
@@ -62,12 +64,16 @@
       "default": 0
     }, {
       "name": "t",
-      "type": {"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"},
+      "type": [ {"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}, "null" ],
       "default": 0
     } , {
       "name": "l",
       "type": {"type": "long", "foo.bar": "bar.foo"},
       "default": 0
+    } , {
+      "name": "a",
+      "type": {"type": "array", "items": "string", "foo.bar.bar": "foo.bar2"},
+      "default": []
     } , {
       "name": "prop",
       "type": [ "null" , {"type":"string", "foo.foo.bar": 42, "foo.foo.foo": "3foo"} ],
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr
index 4809f6ad57a..c58a043003b 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
   "protocol" : "Протоколы",
-  "namespace" : null,
-  "doc" : "* This is a test that UTF8 functions correctly.\n* このテストでは、UTF - 8で正しく機能している。\n* 这是一个测试，UTF - 8的正常运行。",
+  "doc" : "This is a test that UTF8 functions correctly.\nこのテストでは、UTF - 8で正しく機能している。\n这是一个测试，UTF - 8的正常运行。",
   "types" : [ {
     "type" : "record",
     "name" : "Структура",
@@ -15,4 +14,4 @@
   } ],
   "messages" : {
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61748d179e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "protocol": "UnionFwd",
+  "namespace": "org.apache.avro.gen",
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "TestRecord",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "unionField",
+          "type": [
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "SR1",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "field",
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "SR2",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "field",
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "messages": {}
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr
index cffdba89335..fe3d5a66c1a 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr
@@ -11,14 +11,18 @@
         "type" : "string",
         "logicalType" : "uuid"
       },
-      "doc" : "* Documentation must be provided for each attribute"
+      "doc" : "Documentation must be provided for each attribute"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "uuid",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "A string field with a special name"
     }, {
       "name" : "optionalString",
       "type" : [ "null", {
         "type" : "string",
         "logicalType" : "uuid"
       } ],
-      "doc" : "* a nullable uuid field"
+      "doc" : "a nullable uuid field"
     } ]
   } ],
   "messages" : { }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level1.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level1.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2eaa862f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level1.avdl	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+protocol Level1 {
+    import idl "level2.avdl";
+} 
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level2.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level2.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4adb17700e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/level2.avdl	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+protocol Level2 {
+} 
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avdl b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a1b5e907b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avdl	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+protocol Root { 
+    import idl "level1.avdl"; 
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avpr b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d4337022d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/idl/work space/root.avpr	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"protocol":"Root","types":[],"messages":{}}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelperTest.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelperTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..78b46edd80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/DocCommentHelperTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+public class DocCommentHelperTest {
+  @Test
+  public void noWarnings() {
+    DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(); // Clear warnings
+
+    DocCommentHelper.setDoc(token(1, 1, "This is a token."));
+    assertEquals(DocCommentHelper.getDoc(), "This is a token.");
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc(); // Should be a no-op. If not, it adds a warning.
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(), "There should be no warnings");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a doc comment token. Does not include the initial '/**'.
+   *
+   * @param line               the line where the comment starts
+   * @param column             the column where the comment starts (the position
+   *                           of the '/**')
+   * @param tokenWithoutSuffix the comment content (without the trailing
+   *                           '<span>*</span>/')
+   * @return a mock token
+   */
+  private Token token(int line, int column, String tokenWithoutSuffix) {
+    final Token token = new Token();
+    token.image = tokenWithoutSuffix + "*/";
+    token.beginLine = line;
+    token.beginColumn = column + 3;
+    return token;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void warningAfterSecondDoc() {
+    DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(); // Clear warnings
+
+    DocCommentHelper.setDoc(token(3, 2, "This is the first token."));
+    DocCommentHelper.setDoc(token(5, 4, "This is the second token."));
+    assertEquals(DocCommentHelper.getDoc(), "This is the second token.");
+    assertEquals(singletonList(
+        "Found documentation comment at line 5, column 4. Ignoring previous one at line 3, column 2: \"This is the first token.\"\n"
+            + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?"),
+        DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(), "There should be a warning");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void warningAfterUnusedDoc() {
+    DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(); // Clear warnings
+
+    DocCommentHelper.setDoc(token(3, 2, "This is a token."));
+    DocCommentHelper.clearDoc();
+    assertNull(DocCommentHelper.getDoc());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList("Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment at line 3, column 2: \"This is a token.\"\n"
+            + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?"),
+        DocCommentHelper.getAndClearWarnings(), "There should be a warning");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void stripIndentsFromDocCommentWithStars() {
+    String parsedComment = "* First line\n\t  * Second Line\n\t * * Third Line\n\t  *\n\t  * Fifth Line";
+    String schemaComment = "First line\nSecond Line\n* Third Line\n\nFifth Line";
+    assertEquals(schemaComment, DocCommentHelper.stripIndents(parsedComment));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void stripIndentsFromDocCommentWithoutStars() {
+    String parsedComment = "First line\n\t Second Line\n\t  * Third Line\n\t  \n\t  Fifth Line";
+    String schemaComment = "First line\nSecond Line\n * Third Line\n \n Fifth Line";
+    assertEquals(schemaComment, DocCommentHelper.stripIndents(parsedComment));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestCycle.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestCycle.java
index f3934b40c96..22e83fe8e10 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestCycle.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestCycle.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
@@ -34,16 +33,19 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 public class TestCycle {
 
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestCycle.class);
 
   @Test
-  public void testCycleGeneration() throws ParseException, IOException {
+  void cycleGeneration() throws ParseException, IOException {
     final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     Idl idl = new Idl(cl.getResourceAsStream("input/cycle.avdl"), "UTF-8");
     Protocol protocol = idl.CompilationUnit();
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ private static void serDeserRecord(GenericData.Record data) throws IOException {
     GenericDatumReader reader = new GenericDatumReader(data.getSchema());
     BinaryDecoder directBinaryDecoder = DecoderFactory.get().directBinaryDecoder(bis, null);
     GenericData.Record read = (GenericData.Record) reader.read(null, directBinaryDecoder);
-    Assert.assertEquals(data.toString(), read.toString());
+    assertEquals(data.toString(), read.toString());
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestIdl.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestIdl.java
index cb72bdb7da1..cba022f270d 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestIdl.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestIdl.java
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -32,22 +33,27 @@
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 /**
  * Simple test harness for Idl. This relies on an input/ and output/ directory.
  * Inside the input/ directory are .avdl files. Each file should have a
- * corresponding .avpr file in output/. When the test is run, it generates and
+ * corresponding .avpr file in output/. When you run the test, it generates and
  * stringifies each .avdl file and compares it to the expected output, failing
  * if the two differ.
  *
  * To make it simpler to write these tests, you can run ant -Dtestcase=TestIdl
- * -Dtest.idl.mode=write which will *replace* all expected output.
+ * -Dtest.idl.mode=write, which will *replace* all expected output.
  */
 public class TestIdl {
   private static final File TEST_DIR = new File(System.getProperty("test.idl.dir", "src/test/idl"));
@@ -60,14 +66,14 @@ public class TestIdl {
 
   private List<GenTest> tests;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void loadTests() {
     assertTrue(TEST_DIR.exists());
     assertTrue(TEST_INPUT_DIR.exists());
     assertTrue(TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.exists());
 
     tests = new ArrayList<>();
-    for (File inF : TEST_INPUT_DIR.listFiles()) {
+    for (File inF : requireNonNull(TEST_INPUT_DIR.listFiles())) {
       if (!inF.getName().endsWith(".avdl"))
         continue;
       if (inF.getName().startsWith("."))
@@ -76,10 +82,17 @@ public void loadTests() {
       File outF = new File(TEST_OUTPUT_DIR, inF.getName().replaceFirst("\\.avdl$", ".avpr"));
       tests.add(new GenTest(inF, outF));
     }
+
+    // AVRO-3706 : test folder with space in name.
+    File inputWorkSpace = new File(TEST_DIR, "work space");
+    File root = new File(inputWorkSpace, "root.avdl");
+    File rootResult = new File(inputWorkSpace, "root.avpr");
+    tests.add(new GenTest(root, rootResult));
+
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void runTests() throws Exception {
+  void runTests() throws Exception {
     if (!"run".equals(TEST_MODE))
       return;
 
@@ -96,12 +109,12 @@ public void runTests() throws Exception {
     }
 
     if (failed > 0) {
-      fail(String.valueOf(failed) + " tests failed");
+      fail(failed + " tests failed");
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void writeTests() throws Exception {
+  void writeTests() throws Exception {
     if (!"write".equals(TEST_MODE))
       return;
 
@@ -110,6 +123,55 @@ public void writeTests() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void docCommentsAndWarnings() throws Exception {
+    try (Idl parser = new Idl(new File(TEST_INPUT_DIR, "comments.avdl"))) {
+      final Protocol protocol = parser.CompilationUnit();
+      final List<String> warnings = parser.getWarningsAfterParsing();
+
+      assertEquals("Documented Enum", protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedEnum").getDoc());
+
+      assertEquals("Documented Fixed Type", protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedFixed").getDoc());
+
+      final Schema documentedError = protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedError");
+      assertEquals("Documented Error", documentedError.getDoc());
+      assertEquals("Documented Reason Field", documentedError.getField("reason").doc());
+      assertEquals("Default Doc Explanation Field", documentedError.getField("explanation").doc());
+
+      final Map<String, Protocol.Message> messages = protocol.getMessages();
+      final Protocol.Message documentedMethod = messages.get("documentedMethod");
+      assertEquals("Documented Method", documentedMethod.getDoc());
+      assertEquals("Documented Parameter", documentedMethod.getRequest().getField("message").doc());
+      assertEquals("Default Documented Parameter", documentedMethod.getRequest().getField("defMsg").doc());
+
+      assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedEnum").getDoc());
+      assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedFixed").getDoc());
+      assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedRecord").getDoc());
+      assertNull(messages.get("undocumentedMethod").getDoc());
+
+      final String pattern1 = "Found documentation comment at line %d, column %d. Ignoring previous one at line %d, column %d: \"%s\""
+          + "\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?";
+      final String pattern2 = "Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment at line %d, column %d: \"%s\""
+          + "\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?";
+      assertEquals(Arrays.asList(String.format(pattern1, 21, 47, 21, 10, "Dangling Enum1"),
+          String.format(pattern2, 21, 47, "Dangling Enum2"), String.format(pattern1, 23, 9, 22, 9, "Dangling Enum3"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 24, 9, 23, 9, "Dangling Enum4"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 25, 5, 24, 9, "Dangling Enum5"), String.format(pattern2, 25, 5, "Dangling Enum6"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 27, 5, 26, 5, "Dangling Enum7"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 28, 5, 27, 5, "Dangling Enum8"), String.format(pattern2, 28, 5, "Dangling Enum9"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 34, 5, 33, 5, "Dangling Fixed1"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 35, 5, 34, 5, "Dangling Fixed2"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 36, 5, 35, 5, "Dangling Fixed3"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 37, 5, 36, 5, "Dangling Fixed4"), String.format(pattern2, 37, 5, "Dangling Fixed5"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 43, 5, 42, 5, "Dangling Error1"), String.format(pattern2, 43, 5, "Dangling Field1"),
+          String.format(pattern2, 46, 5, "Dangling Field2"), String.format(pattern2, 47, 5, "Dangling Error2"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 55, 5, 54, 5, "Dangling Param1"), String.format(pattern2, 55, 5, "Dangling Param2"),
+          String.format(pattern2, 58, 5, "Dangling Param3"), String.format(pattern1, 60, 5, 59, 5, "Dangling Method1"),
+          String.format(pattern1, 61, 5, 60, 5, "Dangling Method2"),
+          String.format(pattern2, 61, 5, "Dangling Method3")), warnings);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * An individual comparison test
    */
@@ -148,9 +210,9 @@ public void write() throws Exception {
     }
 
     private static String slurp(File f) throws IOException {
-      BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(f), "UTF-8"));
+      BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(f), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
-      String line = null;
+      String line;
       StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
       while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
         builder.append(line);
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d31e8c31356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+public class TestLogicalTypes {
+  private Schema logicalTypeFields;
+
+  @BeforeEach
+  public void setup() throws ParseException {
+    final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    Idl idl = new Idl(cl.getResourceAsStream("logicalTypes.avdl"), "UTF-8");
+    Protocol protocol = idl.CompilationUnit();
+
+    logicalTypeFields = protocol.getType("org.apache.avro.test.LogicalTypeFields");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void dateBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.date(), logicalTypeOfField("aDate"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void timeMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timeMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aTime"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void timestampMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timestampMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void localTimestampMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aLocalTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void decimalBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(6, 2), logicalTypeOfField("pocketMoney"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void uuidBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.uuid(), logicalTypeOfField("identifier"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void annotatedLongBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timestampMicros(), logicalTypeOfField("anotherTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void annotatedBytesFieldBecomesLogicalType() {
+    assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(6, 2), logicalTypeOfField("allowance"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void incorrectlyAnnotatedBytesFieldHasNoLogicalType() {
+    Schema fieldSchema = logicalTypeFields.getField("byteArray").schema();
+
+    assertNull(fieldSchema.getLogicalType());
+    assertEquals("decimal", fieldSchema.getObjectProp("logicalType"));
+    assertEquals(3000000000L, fieldSchema.getObjectProp("precision")); // Not an int, so not a valid precision
+    assertEquals(0, fieldSchema.getObjectProp("scale"));
+  }
+
+  private LogicalType logicalTypeOfField(String name) {
+    return logicalTypeFields.getField(name).schema().getLogicalType();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f0adbf342e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.compiler.idl;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+public class TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed {
+
+  @Test
+  void referenceAnnotationNotAllowed() {
+
+    final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    Idl idl = new Idl(cl.getResourceAsStream("AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl"), "UTF-8");
+
+    try {
+      idl.CompilationUnit();
+
+      fail("Compilation should fail: annotations on type references are not allowed.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals("Type references may not be annotated, at line 29, column 17", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestSchemaResolver.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestSchemaResolver.java
index e4644a9d903..e7ae9cb2ae4 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestSchemaResolver.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/idl/TestSchemaResolver.java
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 public class TestSchemaResolver {
 
   @Test
-  public void testResolving() throws ParseException, MalformedURLException, IOException {
+  void resolving() throws ParseException, MalformedURLException, IOException {
     File file = new File(".");
     String currentWorkPath = file.getAbsolutePath();
     String testIdl = currentWorkPath + File.separator + "src" + File.separator + "test" + File.separator + "idl"
@@ -36,34 +38,43 @@ public void testResolving() throws ParseException, MalformedURLException, IOExce
     Idl compiler = new Idl(new File(testIdl));
     Protocol protocol = compiler.CompilationUnit();
     System.out.println(protocol);
-    Assert.assertEquals(5, protocol.getTypes().size());
+    assertEquals(5, protocol.getTypes().size());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError1() {
-    // No "org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name" property
-    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").fields().endRecord();
-    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  @Test
+  void isUnresolvedSchemaError1() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      // No "org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name" property
+      Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").fields().endRecord();
+      SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError2() {
-    // No "UnresolvedSchema" property
-    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").prop("org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name", "x").fields().endRecord();
-    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  @Test
+  void isUnresolvedSchemaError2() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      // No "UnresolvedSchema" property
+      Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("R").prop("org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name", "x").fields()
+          .endRecord();
+      SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testIsUnresolvedSchemaError3() {
-    // Namespace not "org.apache.avro.compiler".
-    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("UnresolvedSchema").prop("org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name", "x")
-        .fields().endRecord();
-    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  @Test
+  void isUnresolvedSchemaError3() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      // Namespace not "org.apache.avro.compiler".
+      Schema s = SchemaBuilder.record("UnresolvedSchema").prop("org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.unresolved.name", "x")
+          .fields().endRecord();
+      SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testGetUnresolvedSchemaNameError() {
-    Schema s = SchemaBuilder.fixed("a").size(10);
-    SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+  @Test
+  void getUnresolvedSchemaNameError() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = SchemaBuilder.fixed("a").size(10);
+      SchemaResolver.getUnresolvedSchemaName(s);
+    });
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/TestSchemas.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/TestSchemas.java
index 888949aece3..500efd52fbd 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/TestSchemas.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/schema/TestSchemas.java
@@ -17,8 +17,14 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 public class TestSchemas {
 
@@ -39,24 +45,24 @@ public class TestSchemas {
       + "                  ]}},\n" + "              {\"name\":\"node\",\"type\":\"SampleNode\"}]}}}" + "]}";
 
   @Test
-  public void textCloning() {
+  void textCloning() {
     Schema recSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA);
 
     CloningVisitor cv = new CloningVisitor(recSchema);
     Schema trimmed = Schemas.visit(recSchema, cv);
-    Assert.assertNull(trimmed.getDoc());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(recSchema.getDoc());
+    assertNull(trimmed.getDoc());
+    assertNotNull(recSchema.getDoc());
 
     SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType compat = SchemaCompatibility
         .checkReaderWriterCompatibility(trimmed, recSchema).getType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
+    assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
     compat = SchemaCompatibility.checkReaderWriterCompatibility(recSchema, trimmed).getType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(cv.toString());
+    assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
+    assertNotNull(cv.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void textCloningCopyDocs() {
+  void textCloningCopyDocs() {
     Schema recSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA);
 
     Schema trimmed = Schemas.visit(recSchema, new CloningVisitor(new CloningVisitor.PropertyCopier() {
@@ -71,57 +77,63 @@ public void copy(final Schema.Field first, final Schema.Field second) {
         Schemas.copyAliases(first, second);
       }
     }, true, recSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("caca", trimmed.getDoc());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(recSchema.getDoc());
+    assertEquals("caca", trimmed.getDoc());
+    assertNotNull(recSchema.getDoc());
 
     SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType compat = SchemaCompatibility
         .checkReaderWriterCompatibility(trimmed, recSchema).getType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
+    assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
     compat = SchemaCompatibility.checkReaderWriterCompatibility(recSchema, trimmed).getType();
-    Assert.assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
+    assertEquals(SchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE, compat);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testCloningError1() {
-    // Visit Terminal with union
-    Schema recordSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
-        "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"R\", \"fields\":[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": [\"int\", \"long\"]}]}");
-    new CloningVisitor(recordSchema).visitTerminal(recordSchema.getField("f1").schema());
+  @Test
+  void cloningError1() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      // Visit Terminal with union
+      Schema recordSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
+          "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"R\", \"fields\":[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": [\"int\", \"long\"]}]}");
+      new CloningVisitor(recordSchema).visitTerminal(recordSchema.getField("f1").schema());
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testCloningError2() {
-    // After visit Non-terminal with int
-    Schema recordSchema = new Schema.Parser()
-        .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"R\", \"fields\":[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}");
-    new CloningVisitor(recordSchema).afterVisitNonTerminal(recordSchema.getField("f1").schema());
+  @Test
+  void cloningError2() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      // After visit Non-terminal with int
+      Schema recordSchema = new Schema.Parser()
+          .parse("{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"R\", \"fields\":[{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}");
+      new CloningVisitor(recordSchema).afterVisitNonTerminal(recordSchema.getField("f1").schema());
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHasGeneratedJavaClass() {
-    Assert.assertTrue(Schemas
+  void hasGeneratedJavaClass() {
+    assertTrue(Schemas
         .hasGeneratedJavaClass(new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"N\", \"size\": 10}")));
-    Assert.assertFalse(Schemas.hasGeneratedJavaClass(new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"int\"}")));
+    assertFalse(Schemas.hasGeneratedJavaClass(new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"int\"}")));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetJavaClassName() {
-    Assert.assertEquals("N",
+  void getJavaClassName() {
+    assertEquals("N",
         Schemas.getJavaClassName(new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"N\", \"size\": 10}")));
-    Assert.assertEquals("N", Schemas.getJavaClassName(
+    assertEquals("N", Schemas.getJavaClassName(
         new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"N\", \"size\": 10, \"namespace\": \"\"}")));
-    Assert.assertEquals("com.example.N", Schemas.getJavaClassName(new Schema.Parser()
+    assertEquals("com.example.N", Schemas.getJavaClassName(new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\": \"N\", \"size\": 10, \"namespace\": \"com.example\"}")));
   }
 
   private static class TestVisitor implements SchemaVisitor<String> {
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 
+    @Override
     public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
       sb.append(terminal);
       return SchemaVisitorAction.CONTINUE;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
       String n = nonTerminal.getName();
       sb.append(n).append('.');
@@ -136,6 +148,7 @@ public SchemaVisitorAction visitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
       }
     }
 
+    @Override
     public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
       sb.append("!");
       String n = nonTerminal.getName();
@@ -150,103 +163,109 @@ public SchemaVisitorAction afterVisitNonTerminal(Schema nonTerminal) {
       }
     }
 
+    @Override
     public String get() {
       return sb.toString();
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit1() {
+  void visit1() {
     String s1 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"t1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
         + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("t1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s1), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("t1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s1), new TestVisitor()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit2() {
+  void visit2() {
     String s2 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
         + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s2), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("c1.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s2), new TestVisitor()));
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit3() {
+  void visit3() {
     String s3 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ss1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
         + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("ss1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s3), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("ss1.", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s3), new TestVisitor()));
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit4() {
+  void visit4() {
     String s4 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"st1\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": \"int\"}"
         + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("st1.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s4), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("st1.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s4), new TestVisitor()));
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit5() {
+  void visit5() {
     String s5 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\"!\"long\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s5), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\"!\"long\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s5), new TestVisitor()));
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit6() {
+  void visit6() {
     String s6 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ss2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ss2.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s6), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("c1.ss2.!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s6), new TestVisitor()));
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit7() {
+  void visit7() {
     String s7 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"css2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.css2.\"int\"!!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s7), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("c1.css2.\"int\"!!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s7), new TestVisitor()));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
-  public void testVisit8() {
-    String s8 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
-        + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"cst2\", \"fields\": "
-        + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}";
-    Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s8), new TestVisitor());
+  @Test
+  void visit8() {
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> {
+      String s8 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
+          + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"cst2\", \"fields\": "
+          + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}";
+      Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s8), new TestVisitor());
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit9() {
+  void visit9() {
     String s9 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s9), new TestVisitor()));
+    assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\"!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s9), new TestVisitor()));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
-  public void testVisit10() {
+  @Test
+  void visit10() {
     String s10 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"int\"}" + "]}";
-    Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s10), new TestVisitor() {
-      public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
-        return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
-      }
+    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> {
+      Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s10), new TestVisitor() {
+        @Override
+        public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
+          return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SUBTREE;
+        }
+      });
     });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit11() {
+  void visit11() {
     String s11 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"},{\"name\": \"f12\", \"type\": \"double\"}" + "]}},"
         + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\".!\"long\".!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s11), new TestVisitor() {
+    assertEquals("c1.c2.\"int\".!\"long\".!", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s11), new TestVisitor() {
       public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
         sb.append(terminal).append('.');
         return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
@@ -255,11 +274,11 @@ public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit12() {
+  void visit12() {
     String s12 = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"c1\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f1\", \"type\": {\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"ct2\", \"fields\": "
         + "[{\"name\": \"f11\", \"type\": \"int\"}]}}," + "{\"name\": \"f2\", \"type\": \"long\"}" + "]}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
+    assertEquals("c1.ct2.\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
       public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
         sb.append(terminal).append('.');
         return SchemaVisitorAction.TERMINATE;
@@ -268,9 +287,9 @@ public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testVisit13() {
+  void visit13() {
     String s12 = "{\"type\": \"int\"}";
-    Assert.assertEquals("\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
+    assertEquals("\"int\".", Schemas.visit(new Schema.Parser().parse(s12), new TestVisitor() {
       public SchemaVisitorAction visitTerminal(Schema terminal) {
         sb.append(terminal).append('.');
         return SchemaVisitorAction.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
index b1400777ce1..94f6924035e 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.hasItem;
 import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.not;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import javax.tools.Diagnostic;
 import javax.tools.DiagnosticListener;
@@ -43,7 +45,9 @@
 import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
 import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
 
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
@@ -51,32 +55,30 @@
 import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.StringType;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-import org.junit.rules.TestName;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
 public class TestSpecificCompiler {
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestSpecificCompiler.class);
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  /**
+   * JDK 18+ generates a warning for each member field which does not implement
+   * java.io.Serializable. Since Avro is an alternative serialization format, we
+   * can just ignore this warning.
+   */
+  private static final String NON_TRANSIENT_INSTANCE_FIELD_MESSAGE = "non-transient instance field of a serializable class declared with a non-serializable type";
 
-  @Rule
-  public TestName name = new TestName();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   private File outputFile;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
-    this.outputFile = new File(this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "SimpleRecord.java");
+    this.outputFile = new File(this.OUTPUT_DIR, "SimpleRecord.java");
   }
 
   private File src = new File("src/test/resources/simple_record.avsc");
@@ -107,13 +109,16 @@ static void assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(File dstDir, Collection<SpecificCompi
     DiagnosticListener<JavaFileObject> diagnosticListener = diagnostic -> {
       switch (diagnostic.getKind()) {
       case ERROR:
-        // Do not add these to warnings because they will fail the compile, anyway.
+        // Do not add these to warnings because they will fail the compilation, anyway.
         LOG.error("{}", diagnostic);
         break;
       case WARNING:
       case MANDATORY_WARNING:
-        LOG.warn("{}", diagnostic);
-        warnings.add(diagnostic);
+        String message = diagnostic.getMessage(Locale.ROOT);
+        if (!NON_TRANSIENT_INSTANCE_FIELD_MESSAGE.equals(message)) {
+          LOG.warn("{}", diagnostic);
+          warnings.add(diagnostic);
+        }
         break;
       case NOTE:
       case OTHER:
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ static void assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(File dstDir, Collection<SpecificCompi
     boolean compilesWithoutError = cTask.call();
     assertTrue(compilesWithoutError);
     if (!ignoreWarnings) {
-      assertEquals("Warnings produced when compiling generated code with -Xlint:all", 0, warnings.size());
+      assertEquals(0, warnings.size(), "Warnings produced when compiling generated code with -Xlint:all");
     }
   }
 
@@ -152,19 +157,19 @@ private SpecificCompiler createCompiler() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCanReadTemplateFilesOnTheFilesystem() throws IOException {
+  void canReadTemplateFilesOnTheFilesystem() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
-    assertTrue(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "SimpleRecord.java").exists());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
+    assertTrue(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "SimpleRecord.java").exists());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPublicFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
+  void publicFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setFieldVisibility(SpecificCompiler.FieldVisibility.PUBLIC);
     assertTrue(compiler.publicFields());
     assertFalse(compiler.privateFields());
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
       String line;
@@ -173,16 +178,16 @@ public void testPublicFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
         // nor a private field declaration. Since the nested builder uses private
         // fields, we cannot do the second check.
         line = line.trim();
-        assertFalse("Line started with a deprecated field declaration: " + line,
-            line.startsWith("@Deprecated public int value"));
+        assertFalse(line.startsWith("@Deprecated public int value"),
+            "Line started with a deprecated field declaration: " + line);
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCreateAllArgsConstructor() throws Exception {
+  void createAllArgsConstructor() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     boolean foundAllArgsConstructor = false;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -195,29 +200,29 @@ public void testCreateAllArgsConstructor() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMaxValidParameterCounts() throws Exception {
+  void maxValidParameterCounts() throws Exception {
     Schema validSchema1 = createSampleRecordSchema(SpecificCompiler.MAX_FIELD_PARAMETER_UNIT_COUNT, 0);
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + "1"),
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "testMaxValidParameterCounts1"),
         new SpecificCompiler(validSchema1).compile());
 
     createSampleRecordSchema(SpecificCompiler.MAX_FIELD_PARAMETER_UNIT_COUNT - 2, 1);
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + "2"),
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "testMaxValidParameterCounts2"),
         new SpecificCompiler(validSchema1).compile());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInvalidParameterCounts() throws Exception {
+  void invalidParameterCounts() throws Exception {
     Schema invalidSchema1 = createSampleRecordSchema(SpecificCompiler.MAX_FIELD_PARAMETER_UNIT_COUNT + 1, 0);
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(invalidSchema1);
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + "1"), compiler.compile());
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "testInvalidParameterCounts1"), compiler.compile());
 
     Schema invalidSchema2 = createSampleRecordSchema(SpecificCompiler.MAX_FIELD_PARAMETER_UNIT_COUNT, 10);
     compiler = new SpecificCompiler(invalidSchema2);
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + "2"), compiler.compile());
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "testInvalidParameterCounts2"), compiler.compile());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMaxParameterCounts() throws Exception {
+  void maxParameterCounts() throws Exception {
     Schema validSchema1 = createSampleRecordSchema(SpecificCompiler.MAX_FIELD_PARAMETER_UNIT_COUNT, 0);
     assertTrue(new SpecificCompiler(validSchema1).compile().size() > 0);
 
@@ -231,19 +236,21 @@ public void testMaxParameterCounts() throws Exception {
     assertTrue(new SpecificCompiler(validSchema4).compile().size() > 0);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
-  public void testCalcAllArgConstructorParameterUnitsFailure() {
-    Schema nonRecordSchema = SchemaBuilder.array().items().booleanType();
-    new SpecificCompiler().calcAllArgConstructorParameterUnits(nonRecordSchema);
+  @Test
+  void calcAllArgConstructorParameterUnitsFailure() {
+    assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema nonRecordSchema = SchemaBuilder.array().items().booleanType();
+      new SpecificCompiler().calcAllArgConstructorParameterUnits(nonRecordSchema);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrivateFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
+  void privateFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setFieldVisibility(SpecificCompiler.FieldVisibility.PRIVATE);
     assertFalse(compiler.publicFields());
     assertTrue(compiler.privateFields());
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
       String line = null;
@@ -251,18 +258,18 @@ public void testPrivateFieldVisibility() throws IOException {
         // No line, once trimmed, should start with a public field declaration
         // or with a deprecated public field declaration
         line = line.trim();
-        assertFalse("Line started with a public field declaration: " + line, line.startsWith("public int value"));
-        assertFalse("Line started with a deprecated field declaration: " + line,
-            line.startsWith("@Deprecated public int value"));
+        assertFalse(line.startsWith("public int value"), "Line started with a public field declaration: " + line);
+        assertFalse(line.startsWith("@Deprecated public int value"),
+            "Line started with a deprecated field declaration: " + line);
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSettersCreatedByDefault() throws IOException {
+  void settersCreatedByDefault() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     assertTrue(compiler.isCreateSetters());
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     int foundSetters = 0;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -275,45 +282,45 @@ public void testSettersCreatedByDefault() throws IOException {
         }
       }
     }
-    assertEquals("Found the wrong number of setters", 1, foundSetters);
+    assertEquals(1, foundSetters, "Found the wrong number of setters");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSettersNotCreatedWhenOptionTurnedOff() throws IOException {
+  void settersNotCreatedWhenOptionTurnedOff() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setCreateSetters(false);
     assertFalse(compiler.isCreateSetters());
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
       String line;
       while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
         // No setter should be found
         line = line.trim();
-        assertFalse("No line should include the setter: " + line, line.startsWith("public void setValue("));
+        assertFalse(line.startsWith("public void setValue("), "No line should include the setter: " + line);
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSettingOutputCharacterEncoding() throws Exception {
+  void settingOutputCharacterEncoding() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     // Generated file in default encoding
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     byte[] fileInDefaultEncoding = new byte[(int) this.outputFile.length()];
     FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(this.outputFile);
     is.read(fileInDefaultEncoding);
     is.close(); // close input stream otherwise delete might fail
     if (!this.outputFile.delete()) {
       throw new IllegalStateException("unable to delete " + this.outputFile); // delete otherwise compiler might not
-                                                                              // overwrite because src timestamp hasn't
-                                                                              // changed.
+      // overwrite because src timestamp hasn't
+      // changed.
     }
     // Generate file in another encoding (make sure it has different number of bytes
     // per character)
     String differentEncoding = Charset.defaultCharset().equals(Charset.forName("UTF-16")) ? "UTF-32" : "UTF-16";
     compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(differentEncoding);
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     byte[] fileInDifferentEncoding = new byte[(int) this.outputFile.length()];
     is = new FileInputStream(this.outputFile);
     is.read(fileInDifferentEncoding);
@@ -327,7 +334,7 @@ public void testSettingOutputCharacterEncoding() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Exception {
+  void javaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(true);
 
@@ -342,19 +349,19 @@ public void testJavaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Exception {
     // Decimal type target class depends on configuration
     // UUID should always be CharSequence since we haven't added its
     // support in SpecificRecord
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalDate for date type", "java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaType(dateSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalTime for time-millis type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaType(timeSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaType(timestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalDateTime for local-timestamp-millis type", "java.time.LocalDateTime",
-        compiler.javaType(localTimestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use Java BigDecimal type", "java.math.BigDecimal", compiler.javaType(decimalSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use Java CharSequence type", "java.lang.CharSequence", compiler.javaType(uuidSchema));
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaType(dateSchema), "Should use LocalDate for date type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaType(timeSchema), "Should use LocalTime for time-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaType(timestampSchema),
+        "Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDateTime", compiler.javaType(localTimestampSchema),
+        "Should use LocalDateTime for local-timestamp-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.math.BigDecimal", compiler.javaType(decimalSchema), "Should use Java BigDecimal type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema),
+        "Should use org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion() type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Exception {
+  void javaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(false);
 
@@ -368,17 +375,17 @@ public void testJavaTypeWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Exception {
     // Decimal type target class depends on configuration
     // UUID should always be CharSequence since we haven't added its
     // support in SpecificRecord
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalDate for date type", "java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaType(dateSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalTime for time-millis type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaType(timeSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaType(timestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use ByteBuffer type", "java.nio.ByteBuffer", compiler.javaType(decimalSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use Java CharSequence type", "java.lang.CharSequence", compiler.javaType(uuidSchema));
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaType(dateSchema), "Should use LocalDate for date type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaType(timeSchema), "Should use LocalTime for time-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaType(timestampSchema),
+        "Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.nio.ByteBuffer", compiler.javaType(decimalSchema), "Should use ByteBuffer type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema),
+        "Should use org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion() type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaTypeWithDateTimeTypes() throws Exception {
+  void javaTypeWithDateTimeTypes() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     Schema dateSchema = LogicalTypes.date().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
@@ -386,22 +393,24 @@ public void testJavaTypeWithDateTimeTypes() throws Exception {
     Schema timeMicrosSchema = LogicalTypes.timeMicros().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     Schema timestampSchema = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     Schema timestampMicrosSchema = LogicalTypes.timestampMicros().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+    Schema timestampNanosSchema = LogicalTypes.timestampNanos().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
     // Date/time types should always use upper level java classes
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.LocalDate for date type", "java.time.LocalDate",
-        compiler.javaType(dateSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-millis type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaType(timeSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-millis type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaType(timestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-micros type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaType(timeMicrosSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-micros type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaType(timestampMicrosSchema));
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaType(dateSchema), "Should use java.time.LocalDate for date type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaType(timeSchema),
+        "Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaType(timestampSchema),
+        "Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaType(timeMicrosSchema),
+        "Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-micros type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaType(timestampMicrosSchema),
+        "Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-micros type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaType(timestampNanosSchema),
+        "Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-nanos type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaUnbox() throws Exception {
+  void javaUnbox() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(false);
 
@@ -410,31 +419,30 @@ public void testJavaUnbox() throws Exception {
     Schema floatSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT);
     Schema doubleSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE);
     Schema boolSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use int for Type.INT", "int", compiler.javaUnbox(intSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use long for Type.LONG", "long", compiler.javaUnbox(longSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use float for Type.FLOAT", "float", compiler.javaUnbox(floatSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use double for Type.DOUBLE", "double", compiler.javaUnbox(doubleSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use boolean for Type.BOOLEAN", "boolean", compiler.javaUnbox(boolSchema, false));
+    assertEquals("int", compiler.javaUnbox(intSchema, false), "Should use int for Type.INT");
+    assertEquals("long", compiler.javaUnbox(longSchema, false), "Should use long for Type.LONG");
+    assertEquals("float", compiler.javaUnbox(floatSchema, false), "Should use float for Type.FLOAT");
+    assertEquals("double", compiler.javaUnbox(doubleSchema, false), "Should use double for Type.DOUBLE");
+    assertEquals("boolean", compiler.javaUnbox(boolSchema, false), "Should use boolean for Type.BOOLEAN");
 
     // see AVRO-2569
     Schema nullSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use void for Type.NULL", "void", compiler.javaUnbox(nullSchema, true));
+    assertEquals("void", compiler.javaUnbox(nullSchema, true), "Should use void for Type.NULL");
 
     Schema dateSchema = LogicalTypes.date().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     Schema timeSchema = LogicalTypes.timeMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     Schema timestampSchema = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     // Date/time types should always use upper level java classes, even though
     // their underlying representations are primitive types
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalDate for date type", "java.time.LocalDate",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(dateSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use LocalTime for time-millis type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(timeSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(timestampSchema, false));
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaUnbox(dateSchema, false), "Should use LocalDate for date type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaUnbox(timeSchema, false),
+        "Should use LocalTime for time-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaUnbox(timestampSchema, false),
+        "Should use DateTime for timestamp-millis type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaUnboxDateTime() throws Exception {
+  void javaUnboxDateTime() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     Schema dateSchema = LogicalTypes.date().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
@@ -442,16 +450,16 @@ public void testJavaUnboxDateTime() throws Exception {
     Schema timestampSchema = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     // Date/time types should always use upper level java classes, even though
     // their underlying representations are primitive types
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.LocalDate for date type", "java.time.LocalDate",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(dateSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-millis type", "java.time.LocalTime",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(timeSchema, false));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-millis type", "java.time.Instant",
-        compiler.javaUnbox(timestampSchema, false));
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalDate", compiler.javaUnbox(dateSchema, false),
+        "Should use java.time.LocalDate for date type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.LocalTime", compiler.javaUnbox(timeSchema, false),
+        "Should use java.time.LocalTime for time-millis type");
+    assertEquals("java.time.Instant", compiler.javaUnbox(timestampSchema, false),
+        "Should use java.time.Instant for timestamp-millis type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesEnabled() throws Exception {
+  void nullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesEnabled() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(true);
 
@@ -460,14 +468,12 @@ public void testNullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesEnabled() throws Except
         LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)));
     Schema nullableDecimalSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(
         LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema1, false),
-        "java.math.BigDecimal");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema2, false),
-        "java.math.BigDecimal");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema1, false), "java.math.BigDecimal", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema2, false), "java.math.BigDecimal", "Should return boxed type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesDisabled() throws Exception {
+  void nullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesDisabled() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(false);
 
@@ -476,54 +482,48 @@ public void testNullableLogicalTypesJavaUnboxDecimalTypesDisabled() throws Excep
         LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)));
     Schema nullableDecimalSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(
         LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema1, false),
-        "java.nio.ByteBuffer");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema2, false),
-        "java.nio.ByteBuffer");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema1, false), "java.nio.ByteBuffer", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDecimalSchema2, false), "java.nio.ByteBuffer", "Should return boxed type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableTypesJavaUnbox() throws Exception {
+  void nullableTypesJavaUnbox() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(false);
 
     // Nullable types should return boxed types instead of primitive types
     Schema nullableIntSchema1 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     Schema nullableIntSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableIntSchema1, false), "java.lang.Integer");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableIntSchema2, false), "java.lang.Integer");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableIntSchema1, false), "java.lang.Integer", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableIntSchema2, false), "java.lang.Integer", "Should return boxed type");
 
     Schema nullableLongSchema1 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     Schema nullableLongSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableLongSchema1, false), "java.lang.Long");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableLongSchema2, false), "java.lang.Long");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableLongSchema1, false), "java.lang.Long", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableLongSchema2, false), "java.lang.Long", "Should return boxed type");
 
     Schema nullableFloatSchema1 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT));
     Schema nullableFloatSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableFloatSchema1, false), "java.lang.Float");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableFloatSchema2, false), "java.lang.Float");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableFloatSchema1, false), "java.lang.Float", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableFloatSchema2, false), "java.lang.Float", "Should return boxed type");
 
     Schema nullableDoubleSchema1 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE));
     Schema nullableDoubleSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDoubleSchema1, false),
-        "java.lang.Double");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDoubleSchema2, false),
-        "java.lang.Double");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDoubleSchema1, false), "java.lang.Double", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableDoubleSchema2, false), "java.lang.Double", "Should return boxed type");
 
     Schema nullableBooleanSchema1 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN));
     Schema nullableBooleanSchema2 = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableBooleanSchema1, false),
-        "java.lang.Boolean");
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should return boxed type", compiler.javaUnbox(nullableBooleanSchema2, false),
-        "java.lang.Boolean");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableBooleanSchema1, false), "java.lang.Boolean", "Should return boxed type");
+    assertEquals(compiler.javaUnbox(nullableBooleanSchema2, false), "java.lang.Boolean", "Should return boxed type");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
     LogicalTypes.register("string-custom", new StringCustomLogicalTypeFactory());
 
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
@@ -537,15 +537,15 @@ public void testGetUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
         + "{\"name\":\"myLogical\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"logicalType\":\"string-custom\"}}]}");
 
     final Map<String, String> usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories = compiler.getUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories.size());
+    assertEquals(1, usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories.size());
     final Map.Entry<String, String> entry = usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories.entrySet().iterator().next();
-    Assert.assertEquals("string-custom", entry.getKey());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.TestSpecificCompiler.StringCustomLogicalTypeFactory",
+    assertEquals("string-custom", entry.getKey());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.TestSpecificCompiler.StringCustomLogicalTypeFactory",
         entry.getValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEmptyGetUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
+  void emptyGetUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
     LogicalTypes.register("string-custom", new StringCustomLogicalTypeFactory());
 
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
@@ -559,11 +559,11 @@ public void testEmptyGetUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories() throws Exception {
         + "\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}]}}]}");
 
     final Map<String, String> usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories = compiler.getUsedCustomLogicalTypeFactories(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories.size());
+    assertEquals(0, usedCustomLogicalTypeFactories.size());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypes() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypes() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(true);
 
@@ -573,87 +573,90 @@ public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypes() throws Excepti
         Collections.singletonList(new Schema.Field("decimal", nullableDecimal1, "", null)));
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schemaWithNullableDecimal1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableTimestamps() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableTimestamps() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     // timestamp-millis and timestamp-micros used to cause collisions when both were
     // present or added as converters (AVRO-2481).
     final Schema tsMillis = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
     final Schema tsMicros = LogicalTypes.timestampMicros().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+    final Schema tsNanos = LogicalTypes.timestampNanos().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
 
     final Collection<String> conversions = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(SchemaBuilder.record("WithTimestamps")
         .fields().name("tsMillis").type(tsMillis).noDefault().name("tsMillisOpt").type().unionOf().nullType().and()
         .type(tsMillis).endUnion().noDefault().name("tsMicros").type(tsMicros).noDefault().name("tsMicrosOpt").type()
-        .unionOf().nullType().and().type(tsMicros).endUnion().noDefault().endRecord());
+        .unionOf().nullType().and().type(tsMicros).endUnion().noDefault().name("tsNanos").type(tsNanos).noDefault()
+        .name("tsNanosOpt").type().unionOf().nullType().and().type(tsNanos).endUnion().noDefault().endRecord());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, conversions.size());
+    assertEquals(3, conversions.size());
     assertThat(conversions, hasItem("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion"));
     assertThat(conversions, hasItem("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion"));
+    assertThat(conversions, hasItem("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampNanosConversion"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInNestedRecord() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInNestedRecord() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NestedLogicalTypesRecord\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata\",\"doc\":\"Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"nestedRecord\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NestedRecord\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"nullableDateField\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}]}}]}");
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInArray() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInArray() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NullableLogicalTypesArray\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata\",\"doc\":\"Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"arrayOfLogicalType\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}}]}");
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInArrayOfRecords() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInArrayOfRecords() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NestedLogicalTypesArray\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata\",\"doc\":\"Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"arrayOfRecords\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RecordInArray\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"nullableDateField\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}]}}}]}");
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInUnionOfRecords() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInUnionOfRecords() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NestedLogicalTypesUnion\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata\",\"doc\":\"Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"unionOfRecords\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RecordInUnion\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"nullableDateField\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}]}]}]}");
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInMapOfRecords() throws Exception {
+  void getUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInMapOfRecords() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
 
     final Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
         "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NestedLogicalTypesMap\",\"namespace\":\"org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata\",\"doc\":\"Test nested types with logical types in generated Java classes\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"mapOfRecords\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"RecordInMap\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"nullableDateField\",\"type\":[\"null\",{\"type\":\"int\",\"logicalType\":\"date\"}]}]},\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"}}]}");
 
     final Collection<String> usedConversionClasses = compiler.getUsedConversionClasses(schema);
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
+    assertEquals(1, usedConversionClasses.size());
+    assertEquals("org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion", usedConversionClasses.iterator().next());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -671,10 +674,15 @@ public void testGetUsedConversionClassesForNullableLogicalTypesInMapOfRecords()
    */
   public void testManglingReservedIdentifiers(String schema, boolean throwsTypeExceptionOnPrimitive,
       String dstDirPrefix) throws IOException {
-    for (String reserved : SpecificData.RESERVED_WORDS) {
+    Set<String> reservedIdentifiers = new HashSet<>();
+    reservedIdentifiers.addAll(SpecificData.RESERVED_WORDS);
+    reservedIdentifiers.addAll(SpecificData.TYPE_IDENTIFIER_RESERVED_WORDS);
+    reservedIdentifiers.addAll(SpecificData.ACCESSOR_MUTATOR_RESERVED_WORDS);
+    reservedIdentifiers.addAll(SpecificData.ERROR_RESERVED_WORDS);
+    for (String reserved : reservedIdentifiers) {
       try {
         Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(schema.replace("__test__", reserved));
-        assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), dstDirPrefix + "_" + reserved),
+        assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, dstDirPrefix + "_" + reserved),
             new SpecificCompiler(s).compile());
       } catch (AvroTypeException e) {
         if (!(throwsTypeExceptionOnPrimitive && e.getMessage().contains("Schemas may not be named after primitives")))
@@ -684,69 +692,69 @@ public void testManglingReservedIdentifiers(String schema, boolean throwsTypeExc
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleRecordName() throws Exception {
+  void mangleRecordName() throws Exception {
     testManglingReservedIdentifiers(
         SchemaBuilder.record("__test__").fields().requiredInt("field").endRecord().toString(), true,
-        name.getMethodName());
+        "testMangleRecordName");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleRecordNamespace() throws Exception {
+  void mangleRecordNamespace() throws Exception {
     testManglingReservedIdentifiers(
         SchemaBuilder.record("__test__.Record").fields().requiredInt("field").endRecord().toString(), false,
-        name.getMethodName());
+        "testMangleRecordNamespace");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleField() throws Exception {
+  void mangleField() throws Exception {
     testManglingReservedIdentifiers(
         SchemaBuilder.record("Record").fields().requiredInt("__test__").endRecord().toString(), false,
-        name.getMethodName());
+        "testMangleField");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleEnumName() throws Exception {
+  void mangleEnumName() throws Exception {
     testManglingReservedIdentifiers(SchemaBuilder.enumeration("__test__").symbols("reserved").toString(), true,
-        name.getMethodName());
+        "testMangleEnumName");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleEnumSymbol() throws Exception {
+  void mangleEnumSymbol() throws Exception {
     testManglingReservedIdentifiers(SchemaBuilder.enumeration("Enum").symbols("__test__").toString(), false,
-        name.getMethodName());
+        "testMangleEnumSymbol");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleFixedName() throws Exception {
-    testManglingReservedIdentifiers(SchemaBuilder.fixed("__test__").size(2).toString(), true, name.getMethodName());
+  void mangleFixedName() throws Exception {
+    testManglingReservedIdentifiers(SchemaBuilder.fixed("__test__").size(2).toString(), true, "testMangleFixedName");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLogicalTypesWithMultipleFields() throws Exception {
+  void logicalTypesWithMultipleFields() throws Exception {
     Schema logicalTypesWithMultipleFields = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse(new File("src/test/resources/logical_types_with_multiple_fields.avsc"));
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()),
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "testLogicalTypesWithMultipleFields"),
         new SpecificCompiler(logicalTypesWithMultipleFields).compile(), true);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionAndFixedFields() throws Exception {
+  void unionAndFixedFields() throws Exception {
     Schema unionTypesWithMultipleFields = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse(new File("src/test/resources/union_and_fixed_fields.avsc"));
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(this.outputFile, name.getMethodName()),
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(this.outputFile, "testUnionAndFixedFields"),
         new SpecificCompiler(unionTypesWithMultipleFields).compile());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLogicalTypesWithMultipleFieldsDateTime() throws Exception {
+  void logicalTypesWithMultipleFieldsDateTime() throws Exception {
     Schema logicalTypesWithMultipleFields = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse(new File("src/test/resources/logical_types_with_multiple_fields.avsc"));
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(this.outputFile, name.getMethodName()),
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(this.outputFile, "testLogicalTypesWithMultipleFieldsDateTime"),
         new SpecificCompiler(logicalTypesWithMultipleFields).compile());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Exception {
+  void conversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Exception {
     final SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(false);
 
@@ -756,21 +764,19 @@ public void testConversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeDisabled() throws Except
     final Schema decimalSchema = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
     final Schema uuidSchema = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use date conversion for date type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(dateSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use time conversion for time type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(timeSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use timestamp conversion for date type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion()",
-        compiler.conversionInstance(timestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use null for decimal if the flag is off", "null",
-        compiler.conversionInstance(decimalSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use null for decimal if the flag is off", "null",
-        compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema));
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(dateSchema),
+        "Should use date conversion for date type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion()",
+        compiler.conversionInstance(timeSchema), "Should use time conversion for time type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion()",
+        compiler.conversionInstance(timestampSchema), "Should use timestamp conversion for date type");
+    assertEquals("null", compiler.conversionInstance(decimalSchema), "Should use null for decimal if the flag is off");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema),
+        "Should use org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion() for uuid if the flag is off");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Exception {
+  void conversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(true);
 
@@ -780,23 +786,22 @@ public void testConversionInstanceWithDecimalLogicalTypeEnabled() throws Excepti
     Schema decimalSchema = LogicalTypes.decimal(9, 2).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
     Schema uuidSchema = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use date conversion for date type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(dateSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use time conversion for time type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(timeSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use timestamp conversion for date type",
-        "new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion()",
-        compiler.conversionInstance(timestampSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use null for decimal if the flag is off",
-        "new org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(decimalSchema));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Should use null for decimal if the flag is off", "null",
-        compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema));
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.DateConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(dateSchema),
+        "Should use date conversion for date type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimeMillisConversion()",
+        compiler.conversionInstance(timeSchema), "Should use time conversion for time type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.data.TimeConversions.TimestampMillisConversion()",
+        compiler.conversionInstance(timestampSchema), "Should use timestamp conversion for date type");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(decimalSchema),
+        "Should use null for decimal if the flag is off");
+    assertEquals("new org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion()", compiler.conversionInstance(uuidSchema),
+        "Should use org.apache.avro.Conversions.UUIDConversion() for uuid if the flag is off");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPojoWithOptionalTurnedOffByDefault() throws IOException {
+  void pojoWithOptionalTurnedOffByDefault() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
       String line;
@@ -808,11 +813,11 @@ public void testPojoWithOptionalTurnedOffByDefault() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionTurnedOn() throws IOException {
+  void pojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionTurnedOn() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(true);
     // compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(true);
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     int optionalFound = 0;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -828,11 +833,11 @@ public void testPojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionTurnedOn() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPojoWithOptionalCreateForNullableFieldsWhenOptionTurnedOn() throws IOException {
+  void pojoWithOptionalCreateForNullableFieldsWhenOptionTurnedOn() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(true);
     compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(true);
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     int optionalFound = 0;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -848,11 +853,11 @@ public void testPojoWithOptionalCreateForNullableFieldsWhenOptionTurnedOn() thro
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionalForEverythingTurnedOn() throws IOException {
+  void pojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionalForEverythingTurnedOn() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     // compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(true);
     compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(true);
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     int optionalFound = 0;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -868,11 +873,10 @@ public void testPojoWithOptionalCreatedWhenOptionalForEverythingTurnedOn() throw
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPojoWithOptionalOnlyWhenNullableCreatedTurnedOnAndGettersReturnOptionalTurnedOff()
-      throws IOException {
+  void pojoWithOptionalOnlyWhenNullableCreatedTurnedOnAndGettersReturnOptionalTurnedOff() throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(true);
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
       String line;
@@ -885,13 +889,13 @@ public void testPojoWithOptionalOnlyWhenNullableCreatedTurnedOnAndGettersReturnO
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAdditionalToolsAreInjectedIntoTemplate() throws Exception {
+  void additionalToolsAreInjectedIntoTemplate() throws Exception {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
     List<Object> customTools = new ArrayList<>();
     customTools.add(new String());
     compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(customTools);
     compiler.setTemplateDir("src/test/resources/templates_with_custom_tools/");
-    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot());
+    compiler.compileToDestination(this.src, this.OUTPUT_DIR);
     assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
     int itWorksFound = 0;
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
@@ -906,6 +910,24 @@ public void testAdditionalToolsAreInjectedIntoTemplate() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(1, itWorksFound);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void pojoWithUUID() throws IOException {
+    SpecificCompiler compiler = createCompiler();
+    compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(true);
+    File avsc = new File("src/main/resources/logical-uuid.avsc");
+    compiler.compileToDestination(avsc, OUTPUT_DIR);
+    assertTrue(this.outputFile.exists());
+    try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.outputFile))) {
+      String line;
+      while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+        line = line.trim();
+        if (line.contains("guid")) {
+          assertTrue(line.contains("java.util.UUID"));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   public static class StringCustomLogicalTypeFactory implements LogicalTypes.LogicalTypeFactory {
     @Override
     public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
@@ -913,4 +935,59 @@ public LogicalType fromSchema(Schema schema) {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void fieldWithUnderscore_avro3826() {
+    String jsonSchema = "{\n" + "  \"name\": \"Value\",\n" + "  \"type\": \"record\",\n" + "  \"fields\": [\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"__deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"\n" + "    }\n" + "  ]\n" + "}";
+    Collection<SpecificCompiler.OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema))
+        .compile();
+    assertEquals(1, outputs.size());
+    SpecificCompiler.OutputFile outputFile = outputs.iterator().next();
+    assertTrue(outputFile.contents.contains("getDeleted()"));
+    assertFalse(outputFile.contents.contains("$0"));
+    assertFalse(outputFile.contents.contains("$1"));
+
+    String jsonSchema2 = "{\n" + "  \"name\": \"Value\",  \"type\": \"record\",\n" + "  \"fields\": [\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"__deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"_deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"}\n" + "  ]\n" + "}";
+    Collection<SpecificCompiler.OutputFile> outputs2 = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema2))
+        .compile();
+    assertEquals(1, outputs2.size());
+    SpecificCompiler.OutputFile outputFile2 = outputs2.iterator().next();
+
+    assertTrue(outputFile2.contents.contains("getDeleted()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile2.contents.contains("getDeleted$0()"));
+    assertFalse(outputFile.contents.contains("$1"));
+
+    String jsonSchema3 = "{\n" + "  \"name\": \"Value\",  \"type\": \"record\",\n" + "  \"fields\": [\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"__deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"_deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"}\n" + "  ]\n" + "}";
+    Collection<SpecificCompiler.OutputFile> outputs3 = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema3))
+        .compile();
+    assertEquals(1, outputs3.size());
+    SpecificCompiler.OutputFile outputFile3 = outputs3.iterator().next();
+
+    assertTrue(outputFile3.contents.contains("getDeleted()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile3.contents.contains("getDeleted$0()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile3.contents.contains("getDeleted$1()"));
+    assertFalse(outputFile3.contents.contains("$2"));
+
+    String jsonSchema4 = "{\n" + "  \"name\": \"Value\",  \"type\": \"record\",\n" + "  \"fields\": [\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"__deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"_deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"},\n"
+        + "    { \"name\": \"Deleted\",  \"type\": \"string\"}\n" + "  ]\n" + "}";
+    Collection<SpecificCompiler.OutputFile> outputs4 = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema4))
+        .compile();
+    assertEquals(1, outputs4.size());
+    SpecificCompiler.OutputFile outputFile4 = outputs4.iterator().next();
+
+    assertTrue(outputFile4.contents.contains("getDeleted()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile4.contents.contains("getDeleted$0()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile4.contents.contains("getDeleted$1()"));
+    assertTrue(outputFile4.contents.contains("getDeleted$2()"));
+    assertFalse(outputFile4.contents.contains("$3"));
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestGeneratedCode.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestGeneratedCode.java
index fda8579b374..9a334a45ab0 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestGeneratedCode.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestGeneratedCode.java
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
@@ -28,13 +30,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.test.RecordWithErrorField;
+import org.apache.avro.specific.test.TestError;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 
 import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.apache.avro.specific.test.FullRecordV1;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.test.FullRecordV2;
 
 public class TestGeneratedCode {
@@ -43,15 +49,15 @@ public class TestGeneratedCode {
   private final static Schema V1S = FullRecordV1.getClassSchema();
   private final static Schema V2S = FullRecordV2.getClassSchema();
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
     MODEL.setCustomCoders(true);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void withoutSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
+  void withoutSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
     FullRecordV1 src = new FullRecordV1(true, 87231, 731L, 54.2832F, 38.321, "Hi there", null);
-    Assert.assertTrue("Test schema must allow for custom coders.", ((SpecificRecordBase) src).hasCustomCoders());
+    assertTrue(((SpecificRecordBase) src).hasCustomCoders(), "Test schema must allow for custom coders.");
 
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
     Encoder e = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
@@ -68,10 +74,11 @@ public void withoutSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void withSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
+  void withSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
+    Map<CharSequence, CharSequence> map = new HashMap<>();
     FullRecordV2 src = new FullRecordV2(true, 731, 87231, 38L, 54.2832F, "Hi there",
-        ByteBuffer.wrap(Utf8.getBytesFor("Hello, world!")));
-    Assert.assertTrue("Test schema must allow for custom coders.", ((SpecificRecordBase) src).hasCustomCoders());
+        ByteBuffer.wrap(Utf8.getBytesFor("Hello, world!")), map);
+    assertTrue(((SpecificRecordBase) src).hasCustomCoders(), "Test schema must allow for custom coders.");
 
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
     Encoder e = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
@@ -87,4 +94,28 @@ public void withSchemaMigration() throws IOException {
     FullRecordV1 expected = new FullRecordV1(true, 87231, 731L, 54.2832F, 38.0, null, "Hello, world!");
     Assert.assertEquals(expected, dst);
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withErrorField() throws IOException {
+    TestError srcError = TestError.newBuilder().setMessage$("Oops").build();
+    RecordWithErrorField src = new RecordWithErrorField("Hi there", srcError);
+    Assert.assertFalse("Test schema with error field cannot allow for custom coders.",
+        ((SpecificRecordBase) src).hasCustomCoders());
+    Schema schema = RecordWithErrorField.getClassSchema();
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
+    Encoder e = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(out, null);
+    DatumWriter<RecordWithErrorField> w = (DatumWriter<RecordWithErrorField>) MODEL.createDatumWriter(schema);
+    w.write(src, e);
+    e.flush();
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
+    Decoder d = DecoderFactory.get().directBinaryDecoder(in, null);
+    DatumReader<RecordWithErrorField> r = (DatumReader<RecordWithErrorField>) MODEL.createDatumReader(schema);
+    RecordWithErrorField dst = r.read(null, d);
+
+    TestError expectedError = TestError.newBuilder().setMessage$("Oops").build();
+    RecordWithErrorField expected = new RecordWithErrorField("Hi there", expectedError);
+    Assert.assertEquals(expected, dst);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
index 78dedfad043..b056bd2c76e 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
@@ -17,10 +17,30 @@
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
+import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ElementKind;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ElementVisitor;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.PackageElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeParameterElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.VariableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.type.DeclaredType;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror;
 import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;
 import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
 import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
@@ -36,13 +56,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 public class TestSpecificData {
 
   @Test
-  public void testSeparateThreadContextClassLoader() throws Exception {
+  void separateThreadContextClassLoader() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(new File("src/test/resources/foo.Bar.avsc"));
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(schema);
     compiler.setStringType(GenericData.StringType.String);
@@ -62,6 +83,24 @@ public void testSeparateThreadContextClassLoader() throws Exception {
     JavaCompiler javac = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();
     StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = javac.getStandardFileManager(null, null, null);
     Iterable<? extends JavaFileObject> units = fileManager.getJavaFileObjects("target/foo/Bar.java");
+
+    JavaCompiler.CompilationTask task1 = javac.getTask(null, fileManager, null, null, null, units);
+
+    // FIXME: This part uses JavacTask which makes it depend on the tools.jar and
+    // thus will only run in JDK 8
+    // JavacTask jcTask = (JavacTask) task1;
+
+    // Iterable<? extends Element> analyze = jcTask.analyze();
+
+    // GeneratedCodeController ctrl = new GeneratedCodeController();
+    // for (Element el : analyze) {
+    // if (el.getKind() == ElementKind.CLASS) {
+    // List<String> accept = el.accept(ctrl, 0);
+    // assertTrue(accept.isEmpty(),
+    // accept.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("\n\t")));
+    // }
+    // }
+
     javac.getTask(null, fileManager, null, null, null, units).call();
     fileManager.close();
 
@@ -87,7 +126,129 @@ public void run() {
     Exception ex = ref.get();
     if (ex != null) {
       ex.printStackTrace();
-      Assert.fail(ex.getMessage());
+      fail(ex.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  static class GeneratedCodeController implements ElementVisitor<List<String>, Integer> {
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visit(Element e, Integer integer) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visit(Element e) {
+      return this.visit(e, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitPackage(PackageElement e, Integer integer) {
+      return e.getEnclosedElements().stream().map((Element sub) -> sub.accept(this, 1)).filter(Objects::nonNull)
+          .flatMap(List::stream).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitType(TypeElement e, Integer integer) {
+      List<TypeMirror> interfaces = this.allInterfaces(e);
+
+      List<Method> methods = interfaces.stream().filter((TypeMirror tm) -> tm.getKind() == TypeKind.DECLARED)
+          .map(TypeMirror::toString).map((String typeName) -> {
+            try {
+              return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(typeName);
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+              return null;
+            }
+          }).filter(Objects::nonNull).map(Class::getMethods).flatMap(Arrays::stream)
+          .filter((Method m) -> Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers()) && !Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())
+              && !Modifier.isFinal(m.getModifiers()) && m.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+      Stream<String> errors = e.getEnclosedElements().stream()
+          .filter((Element el) -> el.getKind() == ElementKind.METHOD).map(ExecutableElement.class::cast)
+          .filter((ExecutableElement declM) -> GeneratedCodeController.findFirst(declM, methods) != null)
+          .filter((ExecutableElement declM) -> declM.getAnnotation(Override.class) == null)
+          .map((ExecutableElement declM) -> "'" + declM.getReturnType().toString() + " " + declM.getSimpleName()
+              + "(...)' method doesn't have @Override annotation");
+
+      Stream<String> subError = e.getEnclosedElements().stream().map((Element sub) -> sub.accept(this, 1))
+          .filter(Objects::nonNull).flatMap(List::stream);
+      return Stream.concat(errors, subError).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private List<TypeMirror> allInterfaces(TypeElement e) {
+      List<TypeMirror> allInterfaces = new ArrayList<>(e.getInterfaces());
+
+      TypeMirror superclass = e.getSuperclass();
+      if (superclass != null && !Objects.equals(superclass.toString(), "java.lang.Object")) {
+        allInterfaces.add(superclass);
+
+        if (superclass.getKind() == TypeKind.DECLARED) {
+          final Element element = ((DeclaredType) superclass).asElement();
+
+          if (element instanceof TypeElement) {
+            allInterfaces((TypeElement) element);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allInterfaces;
+    }
+
+    private static Method findFirst(ExecutableElement ref, List<Method> methods) {
+      return methods.stream().filter((Method m) -> GeneratedCodeController.areMethodSame(ref, m)).findFirst()
+          .orElse(null);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areMethodSame(ExecutableElement declaredMethod, Method interfaceMethod) {
+      boolean res = Objects.equals(declaredMethod.getSimpleName().toString(), interfaceMethod.getName());
+      if (!res) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      TypeMirror type = declaredMethod.getReturnType();
+      if (!type.toString().equals(interfaceMethod.getReturnType().getName())) {
+        try {
+          Class<?> declaredReturnedType = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(type.toString());
+          res &= interfaceMethod.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(declaredReturnedType);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      List<? extends VariableElement> parameters = declaredMethod.getParameters();
+      Class<?>[] parameterTypes = interfaceMethod.getParameterTypes();
+      if (parameters.size() != parameterTypes.length) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
+        res &= areEquivalent(parameters.get(i), parameterTypes[i]);
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areEquivalent(VariableElement sourceParam, Class<?> typeParam) {
+      // sourceParam.getSimpleName()
+      // Type type = sourceParam.type;
+      return Objects.equals(sourceParam.getSimpleName(), typeParam.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitVariable(VariableElement e, Integer integer) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitExecutable(ExecutableElement e, Integer integer) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitTypeParameter(TypeParameterElement e, Integer integer) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> visitUnknown(Element e, Integer integer) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/full_record_v2.avsc b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/full_record_v2.avsc
index b80b9b4ae9d..0a033cf55be 100644
--- a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/full_record_v2.avsc
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/full_record_v2.avsc
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
   }, {
     "name" : "h",
     "type" : "bytes"
-  } ]
+  },
+    { "name" : "myMap", "type" : { "type" : "map", "values" : "string" } }]
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/logical-uuid.avsc b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/logical-uuid.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0653a5a3bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/logical-uuid.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "schema.common",
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "Action",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "name",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "guid",
+      "type": { "type": "string", "logicalType": "uuid" }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "time",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "long",
+        "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "requestId",
+      "type": [
+        "null",
+        "string"
+      ],
+      "default": null
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/regression_error_field_in_record.avsc b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/regression_error_field_in_record.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2fdcb9ad93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/compiler/src/test/resources/regression_error_field_in_record.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "RecordWithErrorField",
+    "doc" : "With custom coders in Avro 1.9, previously successful records with error fields now fail to compile.",
+    "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.specific.test",
+    "fields" : [ {
+        "name" : "s",
+        "type" : [ "null", "string" ],
+        "default" : null
+    }, {
+        "name": "e",
+        "type": [ "null", {
+            "type" : "error",
+            "name" : "TestError",
+            "fields" : [ {
+                "name" : "message",
+                "type" : "string"
+            } ]
+        } ],
+        "default": null
+    } ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/grpc/pom.xml b/lang/java/grpc/pom.xml
index 8317377e8b7..752b98f35ed 100644
--- a/lang/java/grpc/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/grpc/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-grpc</artifactId>
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
       </resource>
     </resources>
     <plugins>
+
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/ServiceDescriptor.java b/lang/java/grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/ServiceDescriptor.java
index 0984473546f..bfb8ec2de7a 100644
--- a/lang/java/grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/ServiceDescriptor.java
+++ b/lang/java/grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/ServiceDescriptor.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 
 import io.grpc.MethodDescriptor;
+import org.apache.avro.util.MapUtil;
 
 import static io.grpc.MethodDescriptor.generateFullMethodName;
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ private ServiceDescriptor(Class iface, String serviceName) {
    */
   public static ServiceDescriptor create(Class iface) {
     String serviceName = AvroGrpcUtils.getServiceName(iface);
-    return SERVICE_DESCRIPTORS.computeIfAbsent(serviceName, key -> new ServiceDescriptor(iface, serviceName));
+    return MapUtil.computeIfAbsent(SERVICE_DESCRIPTORS, serviceName, key -> new ServiceDescriptor(iface, serviceName));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public String getServiceName() {
    * @return a {@link MethodDescriptor}
    */
   public MethodDescriptor<Object[], Object> getMethod(String methodName, MethodDescriptor.MethodType methodType) {
-    return methods.computeIfAbsent(methodName,
+    return MapUtil.computeIfAbsent(methods, methodName,
         key -> MethodDescriptor.<Object[], Object>newBuilder()
             .setFullMethodName(generateFullMethodName(serviceName, methodName)).setType(methodType)
             .setRequestMarshaller(new AvroRequestMarshaller(protocol.getMessages().get(methodName)))
diff --git a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/avro/TestService.avdl b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/avro/TestService.avdl
index 2a4537afa19..6c5f6a038b8 100644
--- a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/avro/TestService.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/avro/TestService.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@ protocol TestService {
   fixed MD5(4);
 
   record TestRecord {
-    @order("ignore")
-    string name;
+    string @order("ignore") name;
 
-    @order("descending")
-    Kind kind;
+    Kind @order("descending") kind;
 
     MD5 hash;
 
diff --git a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroMarshaller.java b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroMarshaller.java
index 608b5b571f8..bb4c2630dae 100644
--- a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroMarshaller.java
+++ b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroMarshaller.java
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.grpc.test.MD5;
 import org.apache.avro.grpc.test.TestRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.grpc.test.TestService;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 import io.grpc.Drainable;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestAvroMarshaller {
   private final TestRecord record = TestRecord.newBuilder().setName("foo").setKind(Kind.FOO)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ private void readPratialAndDrain(int partialToRead, InputStream inputStream, Out
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroRequestReadPartialAndDrain() throws IOException {
+  void avroRequestReadPartialAndDrain() throws IOException {
     AvroRequestMarshaller requestMarshaller = new AvroRequestMarshaller(message);
     InputStream requestInputStream = requestMarshaller.stream(new Object[] { record });
     ByteArrayOutputStream requestOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public void testAvroRequestReadPartialAndDrain() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroResponseReadPartialAndDrain() throws IOException {
+  void avroResponseReadPartialAndDrain() throws IOException {
     AvroResponseMarshaller responseMarshaller = new AvroResponseMarshaller(message);
     InputStream responseInputStream = responseMarshaller.stream(record);
     ByteArrayOutputStream responseOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
diff --git a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroProtocolGrpc.java b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroProtocolGrpc.java
index 52980591436..21a32c5f2f8 100644
--- a/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroProtocolGrpc.java
+++ b/lang/java/grpc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/grpc/TestAvroProtocolGrpc.java
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
 import org.apache.avro.grpc.test.TestRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.grpc.test.TestService;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.CallFuture;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -43,9 +43,11 @@
 import io.grpc.Server;
 import io.grpc.ServerBuilder;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 public class TestAvroProtocolGrpc {
   private final TestRecord record = TestRecord.newBuilder().setName("foo").setKind(Kind.FOO)
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ public class TestAvroProtocolGrpc {
   private Server server;
   private ManagedChannel channel;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() throws IOException {
     TestService serviceImpl = new TestServiceImplBase();
     setUpServerAndClient(serviceImpl);
@@ -85,26 +87,26 @@ private void setUpServerAndClient(TestService serviceImpl) throws IOException {
     callbackStub = AvroGrpcClient.create(channel, TestService.Callback.class);
   }
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void cleanUp() {
     channel.shutdownNow();
     server.shutdownNow();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEchoRecord() throws Exception {
+  void echoRecord() throws Exception {
     TestRecord echoedRecord = stub.echo(record);
     assertEquals(record, echoedRecord);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleArgsAdd() throws Exception {
+  void multipleArgsAdd() throws Exception {
     int result = stub.add(3, 5, 2);
     assertEquals(10, result);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleArgsConcatenate() throws Exception {
+  void multipleArgsConcatenate() throws Exception {
     String val1 = "foo-bar";
     Boolean val2 = true;
     long val3 = 123321L;
@@ -113,14 +115,14 @@ public void testMultipleArgsConcatenate() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCallbackInterface() throws Exception {
+  void callbackInterface() throws Exception {
     CallFuture<TestRecord> future = new CallFuture<>();
     callbackStub.echo(record, future);
     assertEquals(record, future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOneWayRpc() throws Exception {
+  void oneWayRpc() throws Exception {
     oneWayStart = new CountDownLatch(1);
     oneWayDone = new CountDownLatch(3);
     oneWayCount = new AtomicInteger();
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ public void testOneWayRpc() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDeclaredError() throws Exception {
+  void declaredError() throws Exception {
     try {
       stub.error(true);
       fail("Expected exception but none thrown");
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ public void testDeclaredError() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
+  void undeclaredError() throws Exception {
     try {
       stub.error(false);
       fail("Expected exception but none thrown");
@@ -155,25 +157,27 @@ public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableResponse() throws Exception {
+  void nullableResponse() throws Exception {
     setUpServerAndClient(new TestServiceImplBase() {
       @Override
       public String concatenate(String val1, boolean val2, long val3, int val4) {
         return null;
       }
     });
-    assertEquals(null, stub.concatenate("foo", true, 42L, 42));
+    assertNull(stub.concatenate("foo", true, 42L, 42));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testGrpcConnectionError() throws Exception {
-    // close the channel and initiate request
-    channel.shutdownNow();
-    stub.add(0, 1, 2);
+  @Test
+  void grpcConnectionError() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      // close the channel and initiate request
+      channel.shutdownNow();
+      stub.add(0, 1, 2);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepeatedRequests() throws Exception {
+  void repeatedRequests() throws Exception {
     TestRecord[] echoedRecords = new TestRecord[5];
     // validate results after all requests are done
     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
@@ -185,7 +189,7 @@ public void testRepeatedRequests() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConcurrentClientAccess() throws Exception {
+  void concurrentClientAccess() throws Exception {
     ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
     Future<TestRecord>[] records = new Future[5];
     Future<Integer>[] adds = new Future[5];
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ public void testConcurrentClientAccess() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConcurrentChannels() throws Exception {
+  void concurrentChannels() throws Exception {
     ManagedChannel otherChannel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress("localhost", server.getPort()).usePlaintext()
         .build();
     TestService otherStub = AvroGrpcClient.create(otherChannel, TestService.class);
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/pom.xml b/lang/java/idl/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d90ff55195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-idl</artifactId>
+
+  <name>Apache Avro IDL</name>
+  <packaging>bundle</packaging>
+  <url>https://avro.apache.org</url>
+  <description>Compilers for Avro IDL and Avro Specific Java API</description>
+
+  <properties>
+    <main.basedir>${project.parent.parent.basedir}</main.basedir>
+    <osgi.import>
+      !org.apache.avro.idl*,
+      org.apache.avro*;version="${project.version}",
+      org.apache.commons.text*,
+      *
+    </osgi.import>
+    <osgi.export>org.apache.avro.idl*;version="${project.version}"</osgi.export>
+    <antlr.version>4.13.1</antlr.version>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <resources>
+      <resource>
+        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+      </resource>
+    </resources>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
+      </testResource>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>src/test/idl</directory>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <archive>
+            <manifestEntries>
+              <Automatic-Module-Name>org.apache.avro.idl</Automatic-Module-Name>
+            </manifestEntries>
+          </archive>
+        </configuration>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>prepare-test-jar</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>test-jar</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <classifier>test-resource</classifier>
+              <testClassesDirectory>src/test/idl/putOnClassPath</testClassesDirectory>
+              <finalName>putOnClassPath</finalName>
+              <outputDirectory>${project.build.testOutputDirectory}</outputDirectory>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
+        <artifactId>antlr4-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>${antlr.version}</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>antlr</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>antlr4</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/../../../share/idl_grammar</sourceDirectory>
+          <libDirectory>${project.basedir}/../../../share/idl_grammar/imports</libDirectory>
+          <treatWarningsAsErrors>true</treatWarningsAsErrors>
+          <listener>true</listener>
+          <visitor>false</visitor>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
+      <artifactId>antlr4-runtime</artifactId>
+      <version>${antlr.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+      <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
+      <version>${commons-text.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+      <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+      <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>m2e</id>
+      <activation>
+        <property><name>m2e.version</name></property>
+      </activation>
+      <build>
+        <pluginManagement>
+          <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+              <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
+              <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
+              <version>1.0.0</version>
+              <configuration>
+                <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+                  <pluginExecutions>
+                    <pluginExecution>
+                      <pluginExecutionFilter>
+                        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+                        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                        <versionRange>[1.0,)</versionRange>
+                        <goals>
+                          <goal>exec</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                      </pluginExecutionFilter>
+                      <action>
+                        <execute/>
+                      </action>
+                    </pluginExecution>
+                  </pluginExecutions>
+                </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
+              </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+          </plugins>
+        </pluginManagement>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlFile.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlFile.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b3f6b97c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlFile.java
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.ParseContext;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * A parsed IdlFile. Provides access to the named schemas in the IDL file and
+ * the protocol containing the schemas.
+ */
+public class IdlFile {
+  private final Object resolveLock = new Object();
+  private volatile ParseContext parseContext;
+  private Schema mainSchema;
+  private Protocol protocol;
+  private Map<String, Schema> namedSchemas;
+  private final List<String> warnings;
+
+  IdlFile(Protocol protocol, ParseContext context, List<String> warnings) {
+    this(context, null, protocol, warnings);
+  }
+
+  IdlFile(Schema mainSchema, ParseContext context, List<String> warnings) {
+    this(context, mainSchema, null, warnings);
+  }
+
+  private IdlFile(ParseContext context, Schema mainSchema, Protocol protocol, List<String> warnings) {
+    this.parseContext = context;
+    this.namedSchemas = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    this.mainSchema = mainSchema;
+    this.protocol = protocol;
+    this.warnings = Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(warnings));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The (main) schema defined by the IDL file.
+   */
+  public Schema getMainSchema() {
+    if (mainSchema == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+    return mainSchema;
+  }
+
+  private void ensureSchemasAreResolved() {
+    if (parseContext != null) {
+      synchronized (resolveLock) {
+        if (parseContext != null) {
+          parseContext.commit();
+          List<Schema> schemas = parseContext.resolveAllSchemas();
+          schemas.forEach(schema -> namedSchemas.put(schema.getFullName(), schema));
+          if (mainSchema != null) {
+            mainSchema = parseContext.resolve(mainSchema);
+          }
+          if (protocol != null) {
+            protocol.setTypes(schemas);
+            Map<String, Protocol.Message> messages = protocol.getMessages();
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Protocol.Message> entry : messages.entrySet()) {
+              Protocol.Message oldValue = entry.getValue();
+              Protocol.Message newValue;
+              if (oldValue.isOneWay()) {
+                newValue = protocol.createMessage(oldValue.getName(), oldValue.getDoc(), oldValue,
+                    parseContext.resolve(oldValue.getRequest()));
+              } else {
+                Schema request = parseContext.resolve(oldValue.getRequest());
+                Schema response = parseContext.resolve(oldValue.getResponse());
+                Schema errors = parseContext.resolve(oldValue.getErrors());
+                newValue = protocol.createMessage(oldValue.getName(), oldValue.getDoc(), oldValue, request, response,
+                    errors);
+              }
+              entry.setValue(newValue);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The protocol defined by the IDL file.
+   */
+  public Protocol getProtocol() {
+    if (protocol == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+    return protocol;
+  }
+
+  public List<String> getWarnings() {
+    return warnings;
+  }
+
+  public List<String> getWarnings(String importFile) {
+    return warnings.stream()
+        .map(warning -> importFile + ' ' + Character.toLowerCase(warning.charAt(0)) + warning.substring(1))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The named schemas defined by the IDL file, mapped by their full name.
+   */
+  public Map<String, Schema> getNamedSchemas() {
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(namedSchemas);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a named schema defined by the IDL file, by name. The name can be a simple
+   * name in the default namespace of the IDL file (e.g., the namespace of the
+   * protocol), or a full name.
+   *
+   * @param name the full name of the schema, or a simple name
+   * @return the schema, or {@code null} if it does not exist
+   */
+  public Schema getNamedSchema(String name) {
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+    return namedSchemas.get(name);
+  }
+
+  // Visible for testing
+  String outputString() {
+    ensureSchemasAreResolved();
+    if (protocol != null) {
+      return protocol.toString();
+    }
+    if (mainSchema != null) {
+      return mainSchema.toString();
+    }
+    if (namedSchemas.isEmpty()) {
+      return "[]";
+    } else {
+      StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+      for (Schema schema : namedSchemas.values()) {
+        buffer.append(',').append(schema);
+      }
+      buffer.append(']').setCharAt(0, '[');
+      return buffer.toString();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReader.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..96d45ab6dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BooleanNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DoubleNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.IntNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.LongNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.TextNode;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.BaseErrorListener;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CharStream;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CharStreams;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CommonTokenStream;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.RecognitionException;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Recognizer;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
+import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
+import org.apache.avro.JsonSchemaParser;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.ParseContext;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParseException;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.ArrayTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.EnumDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.EnumSymbolContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.FieldDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.FixedDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.FormalParameterContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.FullTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.IdentifierContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.IdlFileContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.ImportStatementContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.JsonArrayContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.JsonLiteralContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.JsonObjectContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.JsonPairContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.JsonValueContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.MapTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.MessageDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.NamespaceDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.NullableTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.PrimitiveTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.ProtocolDeclarationBodyContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.ProtocolDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.RecordBodyContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.RecordDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.ResultTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.SchemaPropertyContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.UnionTypeContext;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlParser.VariableDeclarationContext;
+import org.apache.avro.util.SchemaResolver;
+import org.apache.avro.util.UtfTextUtils;
+import org.apache.avro.util.internal.Accessor;
+import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.singleton;
+
+public class IdlReader {
+  /**
+   * Simple error listener. Throws a runtime exception because ANTLR does not give
+   * easy access to the (reasonably readable) error message elsewhere.
+   */
+  private static final BaseErrorListener SIMPLE_AVRO_ERROR_LISTENER = new BaseErrorListener() {
+    @Override
+    public void syntaxError(Recognizer<?, ?> recognizer, Object offendingSymbol, int line, int charPositionInLine,
+        String msg, RecognitionException e) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException("line " + line + ":" + charPositionInLine + " " + msg);
+    }
+  };
+  private static final String OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY = "org.apache.avro.idl.Idl.NullableType.optional";
+  /**
+   * Pattern to match the common whitespace indents in a multi-line String.
+   * Doesn't match a single-line String, fully matches any multi-line String.
+   * <p>
+   * To use: match on a {@link String#trim() trimmed} String, and then replace all
+   * newlines followed by the group "indent" with a newline.
+   */
+  private static final Pattern WS_INDENT = Pattern.compile("(?U).*\\R(?<indent>\\h*).*(?:\\R\\k<indent>.*)*");
+  /**
+   * Pattern to match the whitespace indents plus common stars (1 or 2) in a
+   * multi-line String. If a String fully matches, replace all occurrences of a
+   * newline followed by whitespace and then the group "stars" with a newline.
+   * <p>
+   * Note: partial matches are invalid.
+   */
+  private static final Pattern STAR_INDENT = Pattern.compile("(?U)(?<stars>\\*{1,2}).*(?:\\R\\h*\\k<stars>.*)*");
+  /**
+   * Predicate to check for valid names. Should probably be delegated to the
+   * Schema class.
+   */
+  private static final Predicate<String> VALID_NAME = Pattern
+      .compile("[_\\p{L}][_\\p{LD}]*", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS | Pattern.UNICODE_CASE | Pattern.CANON_EQ)
+      .asPredicate();
+
+  private static final Set<String> INVALID_TYPE_NAMES = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("boolean", "int", "long", "float",
+      "double", "bytes", "string", "null", "date", "time_ms", "timestamp_ms", "localtimestamp_ms", "uuid"));
+  private static final String CLASSPATH_SCHEME = "classpath";
+  private static final Set<Schema.Type> NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES = EnumSet.of(Schema.Type.RECORD, Schema.Type.ENUM,
+      Schema.Type.FIXED);
+
+  private final Set<URI> readLocations;
+  private final ParseContext parseContext;
+
+  public IdlReader() {
+    this(new ParseContext());
+  }
+
+  public IdlReader(ParseContext parseContext) {
+    readLocations = new HashSet<>();
+    this.parseContext = parseContext;
+  }
+
+  private Schema namedSchemaOrUnresolved(String fullName) {
+    return parseContext.find(fullName, null);
+  }
+
+  private void addSchema(Schema schema) {
+    parseContext.put(schema);
+  }
+
+  public IdlFile parse(Path location) throws IOException {
+    return parse(location.toUri());
+  }
+
+  IdlFile parse(URI location) throws IOException {
+    readLocations.add(location);
+    URI inputDir = location;
+    if ("jar".equals(location.getScheme())) {
+      String jarUriAsString = location.toString();
+      String pathFromJarRoot = jarUriAsString.substring(jarUriAsString.indexOf("!/") + 2);
+      inputDir = URI.create(CLASSPATH_SCHEME + ":/" + pathFromJarRoot);
+    }
+    inputDir = inputDir.resolve(".");
+
+    try (InputStream stream = location.toURL().openStream()) {
+      String inputString = UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(stream, null);
+      return parse(inputDir, CharStreams.fromString(inputString));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an IDL file from a string, using the given directory for imports.
+   */
+  public IdlFile parse(URI directory, CharSequence source) throws IOException {
+    return parse(directory, CharStreams.fromString(source.toString()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse an IDL file from a stream. This method cannot handle imports.
+   */
+  public IdlFile parse(InputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    return parse(null, CharStreams.fromStream(stream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  private IdlFile parse(URI inputDir, CharStream charStream) {
+    IdlLexer lexer = new IdlLexer(charStream);
+    CommonTokenStream tokenStream = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
+
+    IdlParserListener parseListener = new IdlParserListener(inputDir, tokenStream);
+
+    IdlParser parser = new IdlParser(tokenStream);
+    parser.removeErrorListeners();
+    parser.addErrorListener(SIMPLE_AVRO_ERROR_LISTENER);
+    parser.addParseListener(parseListener);
+    parser.setTrace(false);
+    parser.setBuildParseTree(false);
+
+    try {
+      // Trigger parsing.
+      parser.idlFile();
+    } catch (SchemaParseException e) {
+      throw e;
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      throw new SchemaParseException(e);
+    }
+
+    return parseListener.getIdlFile();
+  }
+
+  /* Package private to facilitate testing */
+  static String stripIndents(String docComment) {
+    Matcher starMatcher = STAR_INDENT.matcher(docComment);
+    if (starMatcher.matches()) {
+      return docComment.replaceAll("(?U)(?:^|(\\R)\\h*)\\Q" + starMatcher.group("stars") + "\\E\\h?", "$1");
+    }
+
+    Matcher whitespaceMatcher = WS_INDENT.matcher(docComment);
+    if (whitespaceMatcher.matches()) {
+      return docComment.replaceAll("(?U)(\\R)" + whitespaceMatcher.group("indent"), "$1");
+    }
+
+    return docComment;
+  }
+
+  private static SchemaParseException error(String message, Token token) {
+    return error(message, token, null);
+  }
+
+  private static SchemaParseException error(String message, Token token, Throwable cause) {
+    SchemaParseException exception = new SchemaParseException(
+        message + ", at line " + token.getLine() + ", column " + token.getCharPositionInLine());
+    if (cause != null) {
+      exception.initCause(cause);
+    }
+    return exception;
+  }
+
+  private class IdlParserListener extends IdlBaseListener {
+    private final URI inputDir;
+    private final CommonTokenStream tokenStream;
+    private int hiddenTokensProcessedIndex;
+    private final List<String> warnings;
+
+    private IdlFile result;
+    private Schema mainSchema;
+    private Protocol protocol;
+    private final Deque<String> namespaces;
+    private final List<String> enumSymbols;
+    private String enumDefaultSymbol;
+    private Schema schema;
+    private String defaultVariableDocComment;
+    private final List<Schema.Field> fields;
+    private final Deque<Schema> typeStack;
+    private final Deque<JsonNode> jsonValues;
+    private final Deque<SchemaProperties> propertiesStack;
+    private String messageDocComment;
+
+    public IdlParserListener(URI inputDir, CommonTokenStream tokenStream) {
+      this.inputDir = inputDir;
+      this.tokenStream = tokenStream;
+      hiddenTokensProcessedIndex = -1;
+      warnings = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      result = null;
+      mainSchema = null;
+      protocol = null;
+      namespaces = new ArrayDeque<>();
+      enumSymbols = new ArrayList<>();
+      enumDefaultSymbol = null;
+      schema = null;
+      defaultVariableDocComment = null;
+      fields = new ArrayList<>();
+      typeStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
+      propertiesStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
+      jsonValues = new ArrayDeque<>();
+      messageDocComment = null;
+    }
+
+    public IdlFile getIdlFile() {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private String getDocComment(ParserRuleContext ctx) {
+      int newHiddenTokensProcessedIndex = ctx.start.getTokenIndex();
+      List<Token> docCommentTokens = tokenStream.getHiddenTokensToLeft(newHiddenTokensProcessedIndex, -1);
+      int searchEndIndex = newHiddenTokensProcessedIndex;
+
+      Token docCommentToken = null;
+      if (docCommentTokens != null) {
+        // There's at least one element
+        docCommentToken = docCommentTokens.get(docCommentTokens.size() - 1);
+        searchEndIndex = docCommentToken.getTokenIndex() - 1;
+      }
+
+      Set<Integer> allHiddenTokens = singleton(IdlParser.DocComment);
+      if (searchEndIndex >= 0) {
+        List<Token> hiddenTokens = tokenStream.getTokens(hiddenTokensProcessedIndex + 1, searchEndIndex,
+            allHiddenTokens);
+        if (hiddenTokens != null) {
+          for (Token token : hiddenTokens) {
+            warnings.add(String.format(
+                "Line %d, char %d: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment.%n"
+                    + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?",
+                token.getLine(), token.getCharPositionInLine() + 1));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      hiddenTokensProcessedIndex = newHiddenTokensProcessedIndex;
+
+      if (docCommentToken == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      String comment = docCommentToken.getText();
+      String text = comment.substring(3, comment.length() - 2); // Strip /** & */
+      return stripIndents(text.trim());
+    }
+
+    private void pushNamespace(String namespace) {
+      namespaces.push(namespace == null ? "" : namespace);
+    }
+
+    private String currentNamespace() {
+      String namespace = namespaces.peek();
+      return namespace == null || namespace.isEmpty() ? null : namespace;
+    }
+
+    private void popNamespace() {
+      namespaces.pop();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitIdlFile(IdlFileContext ctx) {
+      if (protocol == null) {
+        result = new IdlFile(mainSchema, parseContext, warnings);
+      } else {
+        result = new IdlFile(protocol, parseContext, warnings);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterProtocolDeclaration(ProtocolDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(null, true, false, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterProtocolDeclarationBody(ProtocolDeclarationBodyContext ctx) {
+      ProtocolDeclarationContext protocolCtx = (ProtocolDeclarationContext) ctx.parent;
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+      String protocolIdentifier = identifier(protocolCtx.name);
+      pushNamespace(namespace(protocolIdentifier, properties.namespace()));
+
+      String protocolName = name(protocolIdentifier);
+      String docComment = getDocComment(protocolCtx);
+      String protocolNamespace = currentNamespace();
+      protocol = properties.copyProperties(new Protocol(protocolName, docComment, protocolNamespace));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitProtocolDeclaration(ProtocolDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      if (protocol != null) {
+        parseContext.commit();
+        protocol.setTypes(parseContext.resolveAllSchemas());
+      }
+      if (!namespaces.isEmpty())
+        popNamespace();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitNamespaceDeclaration(NamespaceDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      pushNamespace(namespace("", identifier(ctx.namespace)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitMainSchemaDeclaration(IdlParser.MainSchemaDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      mainSchema = typeStack.pop();
+
+      if (NAMED_SCHEMA_TYPES.contains(mainSchema.getType()) && mainSchema.getFullName() != null) {
+        parseContext.put(mainSchema);
+      }
+      assert typeStack.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterSchemaProperty(SchemaPropertyContext ctx) {
+      assert jsonValues.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitSchemaProperty(SchemaPropertyContext ctx) {
+      String name = identifier(ctx.name);
+      JsonNode value = jsonValues.pop();
+      Token firstToken = ctx.value.start;
+
+      propertiesStack.element().addProperty(name, value, firstToken);
+      super.exitSchemaProperty(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitImportStatement(ImportStatementContext importContext) {
+      String importFile = getString(importContext.location);
+      try {
+        URI importLocation = findImport(importFile);
+        if (!readLocations.add(importLocation)) {
+          // Already imported
+          return;
+        }
+        switch (importContext.importType.getType()) {
+        case IdlParser.IDL:
+          // Note that the parse(URI) method uses the same known schema collection
+          IdlFile idlFile = parse(importLocation);
+          if (protocol != null && idlFile.getProtocol() != null) {
+            protocol.getMessages().putAll(idlFile.getProtocol().getMessages());
+          }
+          warnings.addAll(idlFile.getWarnings(importFile));
+          break;
+        case IdlParser.Protocol:
+          try (InputStream stream = importLocation.toURL().openStream()) {
+            Protocol importProtocol = Protocol.parse(stream);
+            for (Schema s : importProtocol.getTypes()) {
+              addSchema(s);
+            }
+            if (protocol != null) {
+              protocol.getMessages().putAll(importProtocol.getMessages());
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case IdlParser.Schema:
+          try (InputStream stream = importLocation.toURL().openStream()) {
+            JsonSchemaParser parser = new JsonSchemaParser();
+            parser.parse(parseContext, importLocation.resolve("."), UtfTextUtils.readAllBytes(stream, null));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw error("Error importing " + importFile + ": " + e, importContext.location, e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Best effort guess at the import file location. For locations inside jar
+     * files, this may result in non-existing URLs.
+     */
+    private URI findImport(String importFile) throws IOException {
+      URI importLocation = inputDir.resolve(importFile);
+      String importLocationScheme = importLocation.getScheme();
+
+      if (CLASSPATH_SCHEME.equals(importLocationScheme)) {
+        String resourceName = importLocation.getSchemeSpecificPart().substring(1);
+        URI resourceLocation = findResource(resourceName);
+        if (resourceLocation != null) {
+          return resourceLocation;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if ("file".equals(importLocationScheme) && Files.exists(Paths.get(importLocation))) {
+        return importLocation;
+      }
+
+      // The importFile doesn't exist as file relative to the current file. Try to
+      // load it from the classpath.
+      URI resourceLocation = findResource(importFile);
+      if (resourceLocation != null) {
+        return resourceLocation;
+      }
+
+      // Cannot find the import.
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(importFile);
+    }
+
+    private URI findResource(String resourceName) {
+      ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+      URL resourceLocation;
+      if (classLoader == null) {
+        resourceLocation = ClassLoader.getSystemResource(resourceName);
+      } else {
+        resourceLocation = classLoader.getResource(resourceName);
+      }
+      return resourceLocation == null ? null : URI.create(resourceLocation.toExternalForm());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterFixedDeclaration(FixedDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), true, true, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitFixedDeclaration(FixedDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+
+      String doc = getDocComment(ctx);
+      String identifier = identifier(ctx.name);
+      String name = name(identifier);
+      String space = namespace(identifier, properties.namespace());
+      int size = Integer.decode(ctx.size.getText());
+      Schema schema = Schema.createFixed(name, doc, space, size);
+      properties.copyAliases(schema::addAlias);
+      properties.copyProperties(schema);
+      addSchema(schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterEnumDeclaration(EnumDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      assert enumSymbols.isEmpty();
+      assert enumDefaultSymbol == null;
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), true, true, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitEnumDeclaration(EnumDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      String doc = getDocComment(ctx);
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+      String identifier = identifier(ctx.name);
+      String name = name(identifier);
+      String space = namespace(identifier, properties.namespace());
+
+      Schema schema = Schema.createEnum(name, doc, space, new ArrayList<>(enumSymbols), enumDefaultSymbol);
+      properties.copyAliases(schema::addAlias);
+      properties.copyProperties(schema);
+      enumSymbols.clear();
+      enumDefaultSymbol = null;
+
+      addSchema(schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterEnumSymbol(EnumSymbolContext ctx) {
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(null, false, false, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitEnumSymbol(EnumSymbolContext ctx) {
+      // TODO: implement doc comment & properties for enum symbols.
+      propertiesStack.pop();
+
+      enumSymbols.add(identifier(ctx.name));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitEnumDefault(IdlParser.EnumDefaultContext ctx) {
+      enumDefaultSymbol = identifier(ctx.defaultSymbolName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterRecordDeclaration(RecordDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      assert schema == null;
+      assert fields.isEmpty();
+
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), true, true, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterRecordBody(RecordBodyContext ctx) {
+      assert fields.isEmpty();
+
+      RecordDeclarationContext recordCtx = (RecordDeclarationContext) ctx.parent;
+
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+
+      String doc = getDocComment(recordCtx);
+      String identifier = identifier(recordCtx.name);
+      String name = name(identifier);
+      pushNamespace(namespace(identifier, properties.namespace()));
+      boolean isError = recordCtx.recordType.getType() == IdlParser.Error;
+      schema = Schema.createRecord(name, doc, currentNamespace(), isError);
+      properties.copyAliases(schema::addAlias);
+      properties.copyProperties(schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitRecordDeclaration(RecordDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      schema.setFields(fields);
+      fields.clear();
+      addSchema(schema);
+      schema = null;
+
+      popNamespace();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      assert typeStack.isEmpty();
+      defaultVariableDocComment = getDocComment(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitFieldDeclaration(FieldDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      typeStack.pop();
+      defaultVariableDocComment = null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      assert jsonValues.isEmpty();
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), false, true, true));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      String doc = Optional.ofNullable(getDocComment(ctx)).orElse(defaultVariableDocComment);
+      String fieldName = identifier(ctx.fieldName);
+
+      JsonNode defaultValue = jsonValues.poll();
+      Schema type = typeStack.element();
+      JsonNode fieldDefault = fixDefaultValue(defaultValue, type);
+      Schema fieldType = fixOptionalSchema(type, fieldDefault);
+
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+
+      boolean validate = SchemaResolver.isFullyResolvedSchema(fieldType);
+      Schema.Field field = Accessor.createField(fieldName, fieldType, doc, fieldDefault, validate, properties.order());
+      properties.copyAliases(field::addAlias);
+      properties.copyProperties(field);
+      fields.add(field);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When parsing JSON, the parser generates a LongNode or IntNode based on the
+     * size of the number it encounters. But this may not be expected based on the
+     * schema. This method fixes that.
+     *
+     * @param defaultValue the parsed default value
+     * @param fieldType    the field schema
+     * @return the default value, now matching the schema
+     */
+    private JsonNode fixDefaultValue(JsonNode defaultValue, Schema fieldType) {
+      if (!(defaultValue instanceof IntNode)) {
+        return defaultValue;
+      }
+
+      if (fieldType.getType() == Schema.Type.UNION) {
+        for (Schema unionedType : fieldType.getTypes()) {
+          if (unionedType.getType() == Schema.Type.INT) {
+            break;
+          } else if (unionedType.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG) {
+            return new LongNode(defaultValue.longValue());
+          }
+        }
+        return defaultValue;
+      }
+
+      if (fieldType.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG) {
+        return new LongNode(defaultValue.longValue());
+      }
+
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For "optional schemas" (recognized by the marker property the NullableType
+     * production adds), ensure the null schema is in the right place.
+     *
+     * @param schema       a schema
+     * @param defaultValue the intended default value
+     * @return the schema, or an optional schema with null in the right place
+     */
+    private Schema fixOptionalSchema(Schema schema, JsonNode defaultValue) {
+      Object optionalType = schema.getObjectProp(OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY);
+      if (optionalType == null) {
+        return schema;
+      }
+
+      // The schema is a union schema with 2 types: "null" and a non-"null"
+      // schema. The result of this method must not have the property
+      // OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY.
+      Schema nullSchema = schema.getTypes().get(0);
+      Schema nonNullSchema = schema.getTypes().get(1);
+      boolean nonNullDefault = defaultValue != null && !defaultValue.isNull();
+
+      if (nonNullDefault) {
+        return Schema.createUnion(nonNullSchema, nullSchema);
+      } else {
+        return Schema.createUnion(nullSchema, nonNullSchema);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterMessageDeclaration(MessageDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      assert typeStack.isEmpty();
+      assert fields.isEmpty();
+      assert messageDocComment == null;
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), false, false, false));
+      messageDocComment = getDocComment(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitMessageDeclaration(MessageDeclarationContext ctx) {
+      Schema resultType = typeStack.pop();
+      Map<String, JsonNode> properties = propertiesStack.pop().properties;
+      String name = identifier(ctx.name);
+
+      Schema request = Schema.createRecord(null, null, null, false, fields);
+      fields.clear();
+
+      Protocol.Message message;
+      if (ctx.oneway != null) {
+        if (resultType.getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
+          message = protocol.createMessage(name, messageDocComment, properties, request);
+        } else {
+          throw error("One-way message'" + name + "' must return void", ctx.returnType.start);
+        }
+      } else {
+        List<Schema> errorSchemas = new ArrayList<>();
+        errorSchemas.add(Protocol.SYSTEM_ERROR);
+        for (IdentifierContext errorContext : ctx.errors) {
+          errorSchemas.add(namedSchemaOrUnresolved(fullName(currentNamespace(), identifier(errorContext))));
+        }
+        message = protocol.createMessage(name, messageDocComment, properties, request, resultType,
+            Schema.createUnion(errorSchemas));
+      }
+      messageDocComment = null;
+      protocol.getMessages().put(message.getName(), message);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterFormalParameter(FormalParameterContext ctx) {
+      assert typeStack.size() == 1; // The message return type is on the stack; nothing else.
+      defaultVariableDocComment = getDocComment(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitFormalParameter(FormalParameterContext ctx) {
+      typeStack.pop();
+      defaultVariableDocComment = null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitResultType(ResultTypeContext ctx) {
+      if (typeStack.isEmpty()) {
+        // if there's no type, we've parsed 'void': use the null type
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterFullType(FullTypeContext ctx) {
+      propertiesStack.push(new SchemaProperties(currentNamespace(), false, false, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitFullType(FullTypeContext ctx) {
+      SchemaProperties properties = propertiesStack.pop();
+
+      Schema type = typeStack.element();
+      if (type.getObjectProp(OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY) != null) {
+        // Optional type: put the properties on the non-null content
+        properties.copyProperties(type.getTypes().get(1));
+      } else {
+        properties.copyProperties(type);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitNullableType(NullableTypeContext ctx) {
+      Schema type;
+      if (ctx.referenceName == null) {
+        type = typeStack.pop();
+      } else {
+        // propertiesStack is empty within resultType->plainType->nullableType, and
+        // holds our properties otherwise
+        if (propertiesStack.isEmpty() || propertiesStack.peek().hasProperties()) {
+          throw error("Type references may not be annotated", ctx.getParent().getStart());
+        }
+        type = namedSchemaOrUnresolved(fullName(currentNamespace(), identifier(ctx.referenceName)));
+      }
+      if (ctx.optional != null) {
+        type = Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), type);
+        // Add a marker property to the union (it will be removed when creating fields)
+        type.addProp(OPTIONAL_NULLABLE_TYPE_PROPERTY, BooleanNode.TRUE);
+      }
+      typeStack.push(type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitPrimitiveType(PrimitiveTypeContext ctx) {
+      switch (ctx.typeName.getType()) {
+      case IdlParser.Boolean:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Int:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Long:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Float:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.FLOAT));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Double:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.DOUBLE));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Bytes:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.String:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Null:
+        typeStack.push(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Date:
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.date().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Time:
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.timeMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT)));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.Timestamp:
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.LocalTimestamp:
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG)));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.UUID:
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)));
+        break;
+      default: // Only option left: decimal
+        int precision = Integer.decode(ctx.precision.getText());
+        int scale = ctx.scale == null ? 0 : Integer.decode(ctx.scale.getText());
+        typeStack.push(LogicalTypes.decimal(precision, scale).addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES)));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitArrayType(ArrayTypeContext ctx) {
+      typeStack.push(Schema.createArray(typeStack.pop()));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitMapType(MapTypeContext ctx) {
+      typeStack.push(Schema.createMap(typeStack.pop()));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterUnionType(UnionTypeContext ctx) {
+      // push an empty marker union; we'll replace it with the real union upon exit
+      typeStack.push(Schema.createUnion());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitUnionType(UnionTypeContext ctx) {
+      List<Schema> types = new ArrayList<>();
+      Schema type;
+      while ((type = typeStack.pop()).getType() != Schema.Type.UNION) {
+        types.add(type);
+      }
+      Collections.reverse(types); // Popping the stack works in reverse order
+      // type is an empty marker union; ignore (drop) it
+      typeStack.push(Schema.createUnion(types));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitJsonValue(JsonValueContext ctx) {
+      if (ctx.parent instanceof JsonArrayContext) {
+        JsonNode value = jsonValues.pop();
+        assert jsonValues.peek() instanceof ArrayNode;
+        ((ArrayNode) jsonValues.element()).add(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitJsonLiteral(JsonLiteralContext ctx) {
+      Token literal = ctx.literal;
+      switch (literal.getType()) {
+      case IdlParser.Null:
+        jsonValues.push(NullNode.getInstance());
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.BTrue:
+        jsonValues.push(BooleanNode.TRUE);
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.BFalse:
+        jsonValues.push(BooleanNode.FALSE);
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.IntegerLiteral:
+        String number = literal.getText().replace("_", "");
+        char lastChar = number.charAt(number.length() - 1);
+        boolean coerceToLong = false;
+        if (lastChar == 'l' || lastChar == 'L') {
+          coerceToLong = true;
+          number = number.substring(0, number.length() - 1);
+        }
+        long longNumber = Long.decode(number);
+        int intNumber = (int) longNumber; // Narrowing cast: if too large a number, the two are different
+        jsonValues.push(coerceToLong || intNumber != longNumber ? new LongNode(longNumber) : new IntNode(intNumber));
+        break;
+      case IdlParser.FloatingPointLiteral:
+        jsonValues.push(new DoubleNode(Double.parseDouble(literal.getText())));
+        break;
+      default: // StringLiteral:
+        jsonValues.push(new TextNode(getString(literal)));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterJsonArray(JsonArrayContext ctx) {
+      jsonValues.push(new ArrayNode(null));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enterJsonObject(JsonObjectContext ctx) {
+      jsonValues.push(new ObjectNode(null));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exitJsonPair(JsonPairContext ctx) {
+      String name = getString(ctx.name);
+      JsonNode value = jsonValues.pop();
+      assert jsonValues.peek() instanceof ObjectNode;
+      ((ObjectNode) jsonValues.element()).set(name, value);
+    }
+
+    private String identifier(IdentifierContext ctx) {
+      return ctx.word.getText().replace("`", "");
+    }
+
+    private String name(String identifier) {
+      int dotPos = identifier.lastIndexOf('.');
+      String name = identifier.substring(dotPos + 1);
+      return validateName(name, true);
+    }
+
+    private String namespace(String identifier, String namespace) {
+      int dotPos = identifier.lastIndexOf('.');
+      String ns = dotPos < 0 ? namespace : identifier.substring(0, dotPos);
+      if (ns == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      for (int s = 0, e = ns.indexOf('.'); e > 0; s = e + 1, e = ns.indexOf('.', s)) {
+        validateName(ns.substring(s, e), false);
+      }
+      return ns;
+    }
+
+    private String validateName(String name, boolean isTypeName) {
+      if (name == null) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException("Null name");
+      } else if (!VALID_NAME.test(name)) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException("Illegal name: " + name);
+      }
+      if (isTypeName && INVALID_TYPE_NAMES.contains(name)) {
+        throw new SchemaParseException("Illegal name: " + name);
+      }
+      return name;
+    }
+
+    private String fullName(String namespace, String typeName) {
+      int dotPos = typeName.lastIndexOf('.');
+      if (dotPos > -1) {
+        return typeName;
+      }
+      return namespace != null ? namespace + "." + typeName : typeName;
+    }
+
+    private String getString(Token stringToken) {
+      String stringLiteral = stringToken.getText();
+      String betweenQuotes = stringLiteral.substring(1, stringLiteral.length() - 1);
+      return StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(betweenQuotes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class SchemaProperties {
+    String contextNamespace;
+    boolean withNamespace;
+    String namespace;
+    boolean withAliases;
+    List<String> aliases;
+    boolean withOrder;
+    Schema.Field.Order order;
+    Map<String, JsonNode> properties;
+
+    public SchemaProperties(String contextNamespace, boolean withNamespace, boolean withAliases, boolean withOrder) {
+      this.contextNamespace = contextNamespace;
+      this.withNamespace = withNamespace;
+      this.withAliases = withAliases;
+      this.aliases = Collections.emptyList();
+      this.withOrder = withOrder;
+      this.order = Schema.Field.Order.ASCENDING;
+      this.properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    public void addProperty(String name, JsonNode value, Token firstValueToken) {
+      if (withNamespace && "namespace".equals(name)) {
+        if (value.isTextual()) {
+          namespace = value.textValue();
+        } else {
+          throw error("@namespace(...) must contain a String value", firstValueToken);
+        }
+      } else if (withAliases && "aliases".equals(name)) {
+        if (value.isArray()) {
+          List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+          Iterator<JsonNode> elements = value.elements();
+          elements.forEachRemaining(element -> {
+            if (element.isTextual()) {
+              result.add(element.textValue());
+            } else {
+              throw error("@aliases(...) must contain an array of String values", firstValueToken);
+            }
+          });
+          aliases = result;
+        } else {
+          throw error("@aliases(...) must contain an array of String values", firstValueToken);
+        }
+      } else if (withOrder && "order".equals(name)) {
+        if (value.isTextual()) {
+          String orderValue = value.textValue().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+          switch (orderValue) {
+          case "ASCENDING":
+            order = Schema.Field.Order.ASCENDING;
+            break;
+          case "DESCENDING":
+            order = Schema.Field.Order.DESCENDING;
+            break;
+          case "IGNORE":
+            order = Schema.Field.Order.IGNORE;
+            break;
+          default:
+            throw error("@order(...) must contain \"ASCENDING\", \"DESCENDING\" or \"IGNORE\"", firstValueToken);
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw error("@order(...) must contain a String value", firstValueToken);
+        }
+      } else {
+        properties.put(name, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public String namespace() {
+      return namespace == null ? contextNamespace : namespace;
+    }
+
+    public Schema.Field.Order order() {
+      return order;
+    }
+
+    public void copyAliases(Consumer<String> addAlias) {
+      aliases.forEach(addAlias);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends JsonProperties> T copyProperties(T jsonProperties) {
+      properties.forEach(jsonProperties::addProp);
+      if (jsonProperties instanceof Schema) {
+        Schema schema = (Schema) jsonProperties;
+        LogicalType logicalType = LogicalTypes.fromSchemaIgnoreInvalid(schema);
+        if (logicalType != null) {
+          logicalType.addToSchema(schema);
+        }
+      }
+      return jsonProperties;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasProperties() {
+      return !properties.isEmpty();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatter.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3baecbb8fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatter;
+
+public class IdlSchemaFormatter implements SchemaFormatter {
+  @Override
+  public String format(Schema schema) {
+    return IdlUtils.uncheckExceptions(() -> {
+      StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+      IdlUtils.writeIdlSchema(buffer, schema);
+      return buffer.toString();
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactory.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..acbbcf947aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatter;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory;
+
+public class IdlSchemaFormatterFactory implements SchemaFormatterFactory {
+  @Override
+  public SchemaFormatter getDefaultFormatter() {
+    return new IdlSchemaFormatter();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaParser.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63e22096b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser;
+import org.apache.avro.ParseContext;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParseException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+public class IdlSchemaParser implements FormattedSchemaParser {
+  /**
+   * Pattern to check if the input can be IDL. It matches initial whitespace and
+   * comments, plus all possible starting keywords. The match on the start of the
+   * input as well as the use of possessive quantifiers is deliberate: it should
+   * fail as fast as possible, as it is assumed that most schemata will not be in
+   * IDL format.
+   */
+  private static final Pattern START_OF_IDL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\A" + // Start of input
+      "(?:\\s*+|/\\*(?:[^*]|\\*(?!/))*+\\*/|//(?:(?!\\R).)*+\\R)*+" + // Initial whitespace & comments
+      "(?:@|(?:namespace|schema|protocol|record|enum|fixed|import)\\s)", // First keyword or @
+      Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS | Pattern.MULTILINE);
+
+  @Override
+  public Schema parse(ParseContext parseContext, URI baseUri, CharSequence formattedSchema)
+      throws IOException, SchemaParseException {
+    boolean inputCanBeIdl = START_OF_IDL_PATTERN.matcher(formattedSchema).find();
+    if (inputCanBeIdl) {
+      IdlReader idlReader = new IdlReader(parseContext);
+      IdlFile idlFile = idlReader.parse(baseUri, formattedSchema);
+      return idlFile.getMainSchema();
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtils.java b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29c787c9e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.util.MinimalPrettyPrinter;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singleton;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableSet;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Utils for IDL
+ */
+public final class IdlUtils {
+  static final ObjectMapper MAPPER;
+  private static final Function<Schema.Field, JsonNode> DEFAULT_VALUE;
+  private static final Pattern NEWLINE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?U)\\R");
+  private static final String NEWLINE = System.lineSeparator();
+  private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(
+      asList("array", "boolean", "bytes", "date", "decimal", "double", "enum", "error", "false", "fixed", "float",
+          "idl", "import", "int", "local_timestamp_ms", "long", "map", "namespace", "null", "oneway", "protocol",
+          "record", "schema", "string", "throws", "timestamp_ms", "time_ms", "true", "union", "uuid", "void")));
+  private static final EnumSet<Schema.Type> NULLABLE_TYPES = EnumSet
+      .complementOf(EnumSet.of(Schema.Type.ARRAY, Schema.Type.MAP, Schema.Type.UNION));
+
+  static {
+    SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
+    module.addSerializer(new StdSerializer<JsonProperties.Null>(JsonProperties.Null.class) {
+      @Override
+      public void serialize(JsonProperties.Null value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider)
+          throws IOException {
+        gen.writeNull();
+      }
+    });
+    module.addSerializer(new StdSerializer<byte[]>(byte[].class) {
+      @Override
+      public void serialize(byte[] value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
+        MAPPER.writeValueAsString(new String(value, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
+      }
+    });
+
+    ObjectMapper jsonMapper = getFieldValue(getField(Schema.class, "MAPPER"), null);
+    MAPPER = jsonMapper.copy().registerModule(module).disable(DeserializationFeature.READ_ENUMS_USING_TO_STRING)
+        .disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_ENUMS_USING_INDEX, SerializationFeature.WRITE_ENUMS_USING_TO_STRING)
+        .enable(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT).setDefaultPrettyPrinter(new MinimalPrettyPrinter() {
+          @Override
+          public void writeObjectEntrySeparator(JsonGenerator jg) throws IOException {
+            jg.writeRaw(',');
+            jg.writeRaw(' ');
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void writeArrayValueSeparator(JsonGenerator jg) throws IOException {
+            jg.writeRaw(',');
+            jg.writeRaw(' ');
+          }
+        });
+
+    java.lang.reflect.Field defaultValueField = getField(Schema.Field.class, "defaultValue");
+    DEFAULT_VALUE = field -> getFieldValue(defaultValueField, field);
+  }
+
+  static java.lang.reflect.Field getField(Class<?> type, String name) {
+    try {
+      java.lang.reflect.Field field = type.getDeclaredField(name);
+      field.setAccessible(true);
+      return field;
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Programmer error", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static <T> T getFieldValue(java.lang.reflect.Field field, Object owner) {
+    try {
+      return (T) field.get(owner);
+    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Programmer error", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private IdlUtils() {
+    // Utility class: do not instantiate.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calls the given callable, wrapping any checked exception in an
+   * {@link AvroRuntimeException}.
+   *
+   * @param callable the callable to call
+   * @return the result of the callable
+   */
+  public static <T> T uncheckExceptions(Callable<T> callable) {
+    try {
+      return requireNonNull(callable).call();
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      throw e;
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeIdlSchema(Writer writer, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    writeIdlSchemas(writer, schema.getNamespace(), singleton(schema));
+  }
+
+  public static void writeIdlSchemas(Writer writer, String namespace, Collection<Schema> schemas) throws IOException {
+    if (schemas.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot write 0 schemas");
+    }
+    if (namespace != null) {
+      writer.append("namespace ");
+      writer.append(namespace);
+      writer.append(";");
+      writer.append(NEWLINE);
+      writer.append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+
+    Set<String> alreadyDeclared = new HashSet<>(4);
+    Set<Schema> toDeclare = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+    if (schemas.size() == 1) {
+      Schema schema = schemas.iterator().next();
+      writer.append("schema ");
+      // Note: as alreadyDeclared is empty, writeFieldSchema adds schema to toDeclare
+      writeFieldSchema(schema, writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, namespace);
+      writer.append(";");
+      writer.append(NEWLINE);
+      writer.append(NEWLINE);
+    } else {
+      toDeclare.addAll(schemas);
+    }
+
+    while (!toDeclare.isEmpty()) {
+      if (!alreadyDeclared.isEmpty()) {
+        writer.append(NEWLINE);
+      }
+      Iterator<Schema> iterator = toDeclare.iterator();
+      Schema s = iterator.next();
+      iterator.remove();
+      writeSchema(s, false, writer, namespace, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeIdlProtocol(Writer writer, Protocol protocol) throws IOException {
+    final String protocolFullName = protocol.getName();
+    final int lastDotPos = protocolFullName.lastIndexOf(".");
+    final String protocolNameSpace;
+    if (lastDotPos < 0) {
+      protocolNameSpace = protocol.getNamespace();
+    } else if (lastDotPos > 0) {
+      protocolNameSpace = protocolFullName.substring(0, lastDotPos);
+    } else {
+      protocolNameSpace = null;
+    }
+    writeIdlProtocol(writer, protocol, protocolNameSpace, protocolFullName.substring(lastDotPos + 1),
+        protocol.getTypes(), protocol.getMessages().values());
+  }
+
+  public static void writeIdlProtocol(Writer writer, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    final JsonProperties emptyProperties = Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL);
+    writeIdlProtocol(writer, emptyProperties, schema.getNamespace(), "Protocol", singletonList(schema), emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public static void writeIdlProtocol(Writer writer, JsonProperties properties, String protocolNameSpace,
+      String protocolName, Collection<Schema> schemas, Collection<Protocol.Message> messages) throws IOException {
+    if (protocolNameSpace != null) {
+      writer.append("@namespace(\"").append(protocolNameSpace).append("\")").append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+    writeJsonProperties(properties, singleton("namespace"), writer, "");
+    writer.append("protocol ").append(requireNonNull(safeName(protocolName))).append(" {").append(NEWLINE);
+
+    Set<String> alreadyDeclared = new HashSet<>(4);
+    Set<Schema> toDeclare = new LinkedHashSet<>(schemas);
+    boolean first = true;
+    while (!toDeclare.isEmpty()) {
+      if (!first) {
+        writer.append(NEWLINE);
+      }
+      Iterator<Schema> iterator = toDeclare.iterator();
+      Schema schema = iterator.next();
+      iterator.remove();
+      writeSchema(schema, true, writer, protocolNameSpace, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare);
+      first = false;
+    }
+    if (!schemas.isEmpty() && !messages.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+    for (Protocol.Message message : messages) {
+      writeMessage(message, writer, protocolNameSpace, alreadyDeclared);
+    }
+    writer.append("}").append(NEWLINE);
+  }
+
+  private static String safeName(String name) {
+    if (KEYWORDS.contains(name)) {
+      return String.format("`%s`", name);
+    }
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  private static void writeSchema(Schema schema, boolean insideProtocol, Writer writer, String defaultNamespace,
+      Set<String> alreadyDeclared, Set<Schema> toDeclare) throws IOException {
+    String indent = insideProtocol ? "    " : "";
+    Schema.Type type = schema.getType();
+    writeSchemaAttributes(indent, schema, writer);
+    String namespace = schema.getNamespace(); // Fails for unnamed schema types (other types than record, enum & fixed)
+    if (!Objects.equals(namespace, defaultNamespace)) {
+      writer.append(indent).append("@namespace(\"").append(namespace).append("\")").append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+    Set<String> schemaAliases = schema.getAliases();
+    if (!schemaAliases.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.append(indent).append("@aliases(").append(MAPPER.writeValueAsString(schemaAliases)).append(")")
+          .append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+    String schemaName = safeName(schema.getName());
+    if (type == Schema.Type.RECORD) {
+      String declarationType = schema.isError() ? "error" : "record";
+      writer.append(indent).append("").append(declarationType).append(" ").append(schemaName).append(" {")
+          .append(NEWLINE);
+      alreadyDeclared.add(schema.getFullName());
+      for (Schema.Field field : schema.getFields()) {
+        writeField(schema.getNamespace(), field, writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare,
+            insideProtocol ? FieldIndent.INSIDE_PROTOCOL : FieldIndent.TOPLEVEL_SCHEMA);
+        writer.append(";").append(NEWLINE);
+      }
+      writer.append(indent).append("}").append(NEWLINE);
+    } else if (type == Schema.Type.ENUM) {
+      writer.append(indent).append("enum ").append(schemaName).append(" {").append(NEWLINE);
+      alreadyDeclared.add(schema.getFullName());
+      Iterator<String> i = schema.getEnumSymbols().iterator();
+      if (i.hasNext()) {
+        writer.append(indent).append("    ").append(i.next());
+        while (i.hasNext()) {
+          writer.append(", ");
+          writer.append(i.next());
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new AvroRuntimeException("Enum schema must have at least a symbol " + schema);
+      }
+      writer.append(NEWLINE).append(indent).append("}").append(NEWLINE);
+    } else /* (type == Schema.Type.FIXED) */ {
+      writer.append(indent).append("fixed ").append(schemaName).append('(')
+          .append(Integer.toString(schema.getFixedSize())).append(");").append(NEWLINE);
+      alreadyDeclared.add(schema.getFullName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeField(String namespace, Schema.Field field, Writer writer, Set<String> alreadyDeclared,
+      Set<Schema> toDeclare, FieldIndent fieldIndent) throws IOException {
+    // Note: indentField must not be NONE if any field of the containing
+    // record/method has documentation
+    switch (fieldIndent) {
+    case TOPLEVEL_SCHEMA:
+      writeDocumentation(writer, "    ", field.doc());
+      writer.append("    ");
+      break;
+    case INSIDE_PROTOCOL:
+      writeDocumentation(writer, "        ", field.doc());
+      writer.append("        ");
+      break;
+    }
+    writeFieldSchema(field.schema(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, namespace);
+    writer.append(' ');
+    Set<String> fieldAliases = field.aliases();
+    if (!fieldAliases.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.append("@aliases(").append(MAPPER.writeValueAsString(fieldAliases)).append(") ");
+    }
+    Schema.Field.Order order = field.order();
+    if (order != Schema.Field.Order.ASCENDING) {
+      writer.append("@order(\"").append(order.name()).append("\") ");
+    }
+    writeJsonProperties(field, writer, null);
+    writer.append(field.name());
+    JsonNode defaultValue = DEFAULT_VALUE.apply(field);
+    if (defaultValue != null) {
+      Object datum = field.defaultVal();
+      writer.append(" = ").append(MAPPER.writeValueAsString(datum));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeDocumentation(Writer writer, String indent, String doc) throws IOException {
+    if (doc == null || doc.trim().isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    writer.append(formatDocumentationComment(indent, doc));
+  }
+
+  private static String formatDocumentationComment(String indent, String doc) {
+    assert !doc.trim().isEmpty() : "There must be documentation to format!";
+
+    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    buffer.append(indent).append("/** ");
+    boolean foundMatch = false;
+    final Matcher matcher = NEWLINE_PATTERN.matcher(doc);
+    final String newlinePlusIndent = NEWLINE + indent + " * ";
+    while (matcher.find()) {
+      if (!foundMatch) {
+        buffer.append(newlinePlusIndent);
+        foundMatch = true;
+      }
+      matcher.appendReplacement(buffer, newlinePlusIndent);
+    }
+    if (foundMatch) {
+      matcher.appendTail(buffer);
+      buffer.append(NEWLINE).append(indent).append(" */").append(NEWLINE);
+    } else {
+      buffer.append(doc).append(" */").append(NEWLINE);
+    }
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static void writeFieldSchema(Schema schema, Writer writer, Set<String> alreadyDeclared, Set<Schema> toDeclare,
+      String recordNameSpace) throws IOException {
+    Schema.Type type = schema.getType();
+    if (type == Schema.Type.RECORD || type == Schema.Type.ENUM || type == Schema.Type.FIXED) {
+      if (Objects.equals(recordNameSpace, schema.getNamespace())) {
+        writer.append(schema.getName());
+      } else {
+        writer.append(schema.getFullName());
+      }
+      if (!alreadyDeclared.contains(schema.getFullName())) {
+        toDeclare.add(schema);
+      }
+    } else if (type == Schema.Type.ARRAY) {
+      writeJsonProperties(schema, writer, null);
+      writer.append("array<");
+      writeFieldSchema(schema.getElementType(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, recordNameSpace);
+      writer.append('>');
+    } else if (type == Schema.Type.MAP) {
+      writeJsonProperties(schema, writer, null);
+      writer.append("map<");
+      writeFieldSchema(schema.getValueType(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, recordNameSpace);
+      writer.append('>');
+    } else if (type == Schema.Type.UNION) {
+      // Note: unions cannot have properties
+      Schema schemaForNullableSyntax = getNullableUnionType(schema);
+      if (schemaForNullableSyntax != null) {
+        writeFieldSchema(schemaForNullableSyntax, writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, recordNameSpace);
+        writer.append('?');
+      } else {
+        writer.append("union{");
+        List<Schema> types = schema.getTypes();
+        Iterator<Schema> iterator = types.iterator();
+        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+          writeFieldSchema(iterator.next(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, recordNameSpace);
+          while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            writer.append(", ");
+            writeFieldSchema(iterator.next(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, recordNameSpace);
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new AvroRuntimeException("Union schemas must have member types " + schema);
+        }
+        writer.append('}');
+      }
+    } else {
+      Set<String> propertiesToSkip = new HashSet<>();
+      String typeName;
+      if (schema.getLogicalType() == null) {
+        typeName = schema.getName();
+      } else {
+        String logicalName = schema.getLogicalType().getName();
+        switch (logicalName) {
+        // TODO: Use constants from org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes
+        case "date":
+        case "time-millis":
+        case "timestamp-millis":
+          propertiesToSkip.add("logicalType");
+          typeName = logicalName.replace("-millis", "_ms");
+          break;
+        case "decimal":
+          propertiesToSkip.addAll(asList("logicalType", "precision", "scale"));
+          LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) schema.getLogicalType();
+          typeName = String.format("decimal(%d,%d)", decimal.getPrecision(), decimal.getScale());
+          break;
+        default:
+          propertiesToSkip = Collections.emptySet();
+          typeName = schema.getName();
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      writeJsonProperties(schema, propertiesToSkip, writer, null);
+      writer.append(typeName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the type from a nullable 2-type union if that type is eligible for the
+   * '?'-syntax.
+   *
+   * @param unionSchema a union schema
+   * @return the non-null schema in a nullable 2-type union iff not a container
+   */
+  private static Schema getNullableUnionType(Schema unionSchema) {
+    List<Schema> types = unionSchema.getTypes();
+    if (unionSchema.isNullable() && types.size() == 2) {
+      Schema nonNullSchema = !types.get(0).isNullable() ? types.get(0) : types.get(1);
+      if (NULLABLE_TYPES.contains(nonNullSchema.getType())) {
+        return nonNullSchema;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private static void writeSchemaAttributes(String indent, Schema schema, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    writeDocumentation(writer, indent, schema.getDoc());
+    writeJsonProperties(schema, writer, indent);
+  }
+
+  private static void writeJsonProperties(JsonProperties props, Writer writer, String indent) throws IOException {
+    writeJsonProperties(props, Collections.emptySet(), writer, indent);
+  }
+
+  private static void writeJsonProperties(JsonProperties props, Set<String> propertiesToSkip, Writer writer,
+      String indent) throws IOException {
+    Map<String, Object> objectProps = props.getObjectProps();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : objectProps.entrySet()) {
+      if (propertiesToSkip.contains(entry.getKey())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (indent != null) {
+        writer.append(indent);
+      }
+      writer.append('@').append(entry.getKey()).append('(');
+      writer.append(MAPPER.writeValueAsString(entry.getValue())).append(')');
+      writer.append(indent == null ? ' ' : '\n');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeMessage(Protocol.Message message, Writer writer, String protocolNameSpace,
+      Set<String> alreadyDeclared) throws IOException {
+    writeMessageAttributes(message, writer);
+    final Set<Schema> toDeclare = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>()); // Crash if a type hasn't been declared
+    // yet.
+    writer.append("    ");
+    writeFieldSchema(message.getResponse(), writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare, protocolNameSpace);
+    writer.append(' ');
+    writer.append(message.getName());
+
+    Schema request = message.getRequest(); // MUST be a record type
+    boolean indentParameters = request.getFields().stream()
+        .anyMatch(field -> field.doc() != null && !field.doc().trim().isEmpty());
+    writer.append('(');
+    if (indentParameters) {
+      writer.append("\n");
+    }
+
+    boolean first = true;
+    for (Schema.Field field : request.getFields()) {
+      if (first) {
+        first = false;
+      } else if (indentParameters) {
+        writer.append(",\n");
+      } else {
+        writer.append(", ");
+      }
+      writeField(protocolNameSpace, field, writer, alreadyDeclared, toDeclare,
+          indentParameters ? FieldIndent.INSIDE_PROTOCOL : FieldIndent.NONE);
+    }
+    if (indentParameters) {
+      writer.append("\n    ");
+    }
+    writer.append(')');
+
+    if (message.isOneWay()) {
+      writer.append(" oneway;\n");
+    } else {
+      first = true;
+      // MUST be a union of error types
+      for (Schema error : message.getErrors().getTypes()) {
+        if (error.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING) {
+          continue; // Skip system error type
+        }
+        if (first) {
+          first = false;
+          writer.append(" throws ");
+        } else {
+          writer.append(", ");
+        }
+        if (Objects.equals(protocolNameSpace, error.getNamespace())) {
+          writer.append(error.getName());
+        } else {
+          writer.append(error.getFullName());
+        }
+      }
+      writer.append(";\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeMessageAttributes(Protocol.Message message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    writeDocumentation(writer, "    ", message.getDoc());
+    writeJsonProperties(message, writer, "    ");
+  }
+
+  private enum FieldIndent {
+    NONE, TOPLEVEL_SCHEMA, INSIDE_PROTOCOL
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/LICENSE b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62589edd12a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
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+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
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+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
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+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
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+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..acb4986e419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.FormattedSchemaParser
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+org.apache.avro.idl.IdlSchemaParser
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..72696e9704a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatterFactory
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+org.apache.avro.idl.IdlSchemaFormatterFactory
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03f6f7c6f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A stripped down version of a previous `simple.avdl`, keeping the part where a type reference had an annotation (this is wrong).
+ */
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol Simple {
+  /** An MD5 hash. */
+  fixed MD5(16);
+
+  /** A TestRecord. */
+  record TestRecord {
+    @foo("bar") MD5 hash = "0000000000000000";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/cycle.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/cycle.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe5bbbe4f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/cycle.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.gen.test")
+protocol Cycle {
+
+    record Record1 {
+      string fString = "";
+      Record3 rec3;
+    }
+
+    record Record2 {
+      TestFixed fFixed;
+      int val;
+      union {null, Record1} fRec1;
+    }
+
+    record Record3 {
+      TestEnum fEnum;
+      Record2 rec2;
+    }
+
+    enum TestEnum { bla, blu }
+
+    fixed TestFixed(16);
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/protocolSyntax.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/protocolSyntax.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8edc79876cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/protocolSyntax.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+@namespace("communication")
+protocol Parrot {
+	record Message {
+		string? title;
+		string message;
+	}
+
+	Message echo(Message message);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/schemaSyntax.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/schemaSyntax.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d88ba6e43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/extra/schemaSyntax.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace communication;
+
+schema array<Message>;
+
+record Message {
+	string? title;
+	string message;
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e9b194a060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/bar.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"protocol": "org.foo.Bar",
+ "messages": { "bar": {"request": [], "response": "null"}}}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baseball.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baseball.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e485e89ba2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baseball.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("avro.examples.baseball")
+protocol Baseball {
+   import schema "position.avsc";
+   import schema "player.avsc";
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baz.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baz.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efd68d97354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/baz.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"type": "record", "name": "ns.other.schema.Baz",
+ "fields": [ {"name": "x", "type": "int"} ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76be4e314bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/comments.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@namespace("testing")
+protocol Comments {
+  /** Documented Enum */
+  enum /** Dangling Enum1 */ DocumentedEnum /** Dangling Enum2 */ {
+    /** Dangling Enum3 */ A,
+    /** Dangling Enum4 */ B,
+    /** Dangling Enum5 */ C
+    /** Dangling Enum6 */}
+      /** Dangling Enum7 */=
+      /** Dangling Enum8 */ A
+      /** Dangling Enum9 */;
+
+  enum UndocumentedEnum {D,E}
+
+  /** Documented Fixed Type */ fixed
+      /** Dangling Fixed1 */ DocumentedFixed
+      /** Dangling Fixed2 */(
+    /** Dangling Fixed3 */ 16
+    /** Dangling Fixed4 */)
+      /** Dangling Fixed5 */;
+
+  fixed UndocumentedFixed(16);
+
+  /** Documented Error */ error
+      /** Dangling Error1 */ DocumentedError
+      /** Dangling Field1 */{
+    /** Default Doc Explanation Field */string
+        /** Documented Reason Field */reason, explanation
+        /** Dangling Field2 */;
+    /** Dangling Error2 */}
+
+  record UndocumentedRecord {
+    string description;
+  }
+
+  /** Documented Method */ void
+      /** Dangling Param1 */ documentedMethod
+      /** Dangling Param2 */(
+    string /** Documented Parameter */ message,
+    /** Default Documented Parameter */ string defMsg
+        /** Dangling Param3 */)
+      /** Dangling Method1 */ throws
+          /** Dangling Method2 */ DocumentedError
+          /** Dangling Method3 */;
+
+  void undocumentedMethod(string message);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/cycle.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/cycle.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc6fee954f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/cycle.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.gen")
+protocol Cycle {
+
+    record SampleNode {
+      int count = 0;
+      array<SamplePair> subNodes;
+    }
+
+    record Method {
+      string @testAttribute("testValue") declaringClass;
+      string methodName;
+    }
+
+    record SamplePair {
+      Method method;
+      SampleNode node;
+    }
+
+    record SelfRef {
+      string something;
+      array<SelfRef> subNodes = [];
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/echo.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/echo.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1673a125506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/echo.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.echo")
+protocol Echo {
+	record Ping {
+		long timestamp = -1;
+		string text = "";
+	}
+
+	record Pong {
+		long timestamp = -1;
+		Ping ping;
+	}
+
+	Pong ping(Ping ping);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/foo.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/foo.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83267ea4760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/foo.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"type": "record", "name": "org.foo.Foo",
+ "fields": [ {"name": "x", "type": "int"} ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/forward_ref.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/forward_ref.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b75d60a4efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/forward_ref.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@namespace("org.foo")
+protocol Import {
+  /* Name Value record */
+  record ANameValue {
+    /** the name */
+    string name;
+    /** the value */
+    string value;
+    /* is the value a json object */
+    ValueType type = "PLAIN";
+  }
+
+  enum ValueType {
+    JSON, BASE64BIN, PLAIN
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/import.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/import.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8cd6a163759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/import.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.foo")
+protocol Import {
+  import idl "reservedwords.avdl";
+  import idl "nestedimport.avdl";
+
+  //Note that this import is resolve via the classpath, not relative path.
+  import idl "OnTheClasspath.avdl";
+  import protocol "OnTheClasspath.avpr";
+  import schema "OnTheClasspath.avsc";
+
+  import schema "baz.avsc";
+  import schema "foo.avsc";
+  import protocol "bar.avpr";
+
+  record Bar {
+    ns.other.schema.Baz baz;
+    Foo foo;
+  }
+
+  void bazm(ns.other.schema.Baz baz);
+  Bar barf(Foo foo);
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/interop.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/interop.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..497a7902aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/interop.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Currently genavro only does Protocols.
+@namespace("org.apache.avro")
+protocol InteropProtocol {
+  record Foo {
+    string label;
+  }
+
+  enum Kind { A, B, C }
+  fixed MD5(16);
+
+  record Node {
+    string label;
+    array<Node> children = [];
+  }
+
+  record Interop {
+    int intField = 1;
+    long longField = -1;
+    string stringField;
+    boolean boolField = false;
+    float floatField = 0.0;
+    double doubleField = -1.0e12;
+    null nullField;
+    array<double> arrayField = [];
+    map<Foo> mapField;
+    union { boolean, double, array<bytes> } unionFIeld;
+    Kind enumField;
+    MD5 fixedField;
+    Node recordField;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/mr_events.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/mr_events.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffb90e97193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/mr_events.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Genavro format for a particular protocol found in Hadoop MapReduce.
+ * Used as a test case/example to show that we can express real-world stuff more
+ * succinctly.
+ */
+@namespace("org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.jobhistory")
+protocol Events {
+  record JhCounter {
+    string name;
+    string displayName;
+    long value;
+  }
+
+  record JhCounterGroup {
+    string name;
+    string displayName;
+    array<JhCounter> counts;
+  }
+
+  record JhCounters {
+    string name;
+    array<JhCounterGroup> groups;
+  }
+
+  record JobFinished {
+    string jobid;
+    timestamp_ms finishTime;
+    decimal(9,2) finishRatio;
+    int finishedMaps;
+    int finishedReduces;
+    int failedMaps;
+    int failedReduces;
+    JhCounters totalCounters;
+    JhCounters mapCounters;
+    JhCounters reduceCounters;
+  }
+
+  record JobInited {
+    string jobid;
+    timestamp_ms launchTime;
+    int totalMaps;
+    int totalReduces;
+    string jobStatus;
+  }
+
+  record JobSubmitted {
+    string jobid;
+    string jobName;
+    string userName;
+    timestamp_ms submitTime;
+    local_timestamp_ms submitTimeLocal;
+    string jobConfPath;
+  }
+
+  // ... TODO continue
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/namespaces.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/namespaces.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9eb2027ab0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/namespaces.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("avro.test.protocol")
+protocol TestNamespace {
+  @namespace("avro.test.fixed")
+  fixed FixedInOtherNamespace(16);
+
+  fixed FixedInThisNamespace(16);
+
+  @namespace("avro.test.record")
+  record RecordInOtherNamespace {}
+
+  @namespace("avro.test.error")
+  error ErrorInOtherNamespace {}
+
+  @namespace("avro.test.enum")
+  enum EnumInOtherNamespace { FOO }
+
+  record RefersToOthers {
+    avro.test.fixed.FixedInOtherNamespace someFixed;
+    avro.test.record.RecordInOtherNamespace someRecord;
+    avro.test.error.ErrorInOtherNamespace someError;
+    avro.test.enum.EnumInOtherNamespace someEnum;
+    FixedInThisNamespace thisFixed;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/nestedimport.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/nestedimport.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13c6981361a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/nestedimport.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@version("1.0.5")
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.ipc.specific")
+protocol nestedimport {
+    import idl "reservedwords.avdl";
+    import protocol "bar.avpr";
+    import schema "position.avsc";
+    import schema "player.avsc";
+
+    record ImportBar {
+        avro.examples.baseball.Player  foo;
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/player.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/player.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0492850ef5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/player.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{"type":"record", "name":"Player", "namespace": "avro.examples.baseball",
+  "fields": [
+   {"name": "number", "type": "int"},
+   {"name": "first_name", "type": "string"},
+   {"name": "last_name", "type": "string"},
+   {"name": "position", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Position"} }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/position.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/position.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a47065a35f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/position.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"type":"enum", "name": "Position", "namespace": "avro.examples.baseball",
+    "symbols": ["P", "C", "B1", "B2", "B3", "SS", "LF", "CF", "RF", "DH"]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2112aae7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/reservedwords.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+protocol Foo {
+  void `error`();
+  void `void`();
+  void `idl`();
+  void `import`();
+  void `oneway`();
+  void `null`();
+  void `local_timestamp_ms`();
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/schema_syntax_schema.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/schema_syntax_schema.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a2d19a0e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/schema_syntax_schema.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * NOTE: the correct extension for this new syntax is also '.avdl'. The test
+ * files end with '_schema.avdl' only to distinguish them from .avdl files using
+ * the protocol syntax, because the result is a schema file instead of a protocol file.
+ */
+namespace monitoring;
+schema array<StatusUpdate>;
+
+record StatusUpdate {
+  /**
+   * The moment of the status change.
+   */
+  timestamp_ms timestamp;
+  /**
+   * The process whose status changed.
+   */
+  string processName;
+  /**
+   * The new status of the process.
+   */
+  system.Status newStatus;
+  /**
+   * A description why this status change occurred (optional).
+   */
+  string? description;
+}
+
+import idl "status_schema.avdl";
+import schema "foo.avsc";
+import protocol "bar.avpr";
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27949547a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/simple.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A simple test case.
+ */
+@version("1.0.5")
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol Simple {
+  /** A kind of record. */
+  @aliases(["org.foo.KindOf"])
+  enum Kind {
+    FOO,
+    BAR, // the bar enum value
+    BAZ
+  }
+
+  enum Status {
+    A,
+    B,
+    C
+  } = C; // C is the default value used when reading unknown values from another schema version (without it, reading throws an exception).
+
+  /** A TestRecord. */
+  @my-property({"key":3})
+  record TestRecord {
+    // Tests that keywords can also appear in identifiers.
+    @avro.java.`string`("String") string @order("ignore") name = "foo";
+
+    /** The kind of record. */
+    Kind @order("descending") kind;
+
+    /** The status of the record. */
+    Status status = "A";
+
+    MD5 hash = "0000000000000000";
+
+    // A traditional optional field
+    union {null, MD5} @aliases(["hash", "hsh"]) nullableHash = null;
+
+    // These two fields parse correctly, but will brewak (be changed to strings) when serializing the protocol/schema as JSON.
+    double value = NaN;
+    float average = -Infinity;
+    date d = 0;
+    // An optional type with a non-null default value (results in a union with null last).
+    time_ms? t = 0;
+
+    @foo.bar("bar.foo") long l = 0;
+    // Arrays (and maps) may also have properties
+    @foo.bar.bar("foo.bar2") array<string> a = [];
+    // An optional type with a null default value (results in a union with null first).
+    @foo.foo.bar(42) @foo.foo.foo("3foo") string? prop = null;
+  }
+
+  /** An MD5 hash. */
+  fixed MD5(0x10);
+
+  error TestError {
+    string message;
+  }
+
+  /** method 'hello' takes @parameter 'greeting' */
+  string hello(string greeting);
+  // The value of TestRecord also contains defaults for fields not mentioned.
+  TestRecord echo(TestRecord `record` = {"name":"bar","kind":"BAR"});
+  /** method 'add' takes @parameter 'arg1' @parameter 'arg2' */
+  @specialProp("test")
+  int add(int arg1, int arg2 = 0);
+  bytes echoBytes(bytes data);
+  void `error`() throws TestError;
+  void ping() oneway;
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/status_schema.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/status_schema.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4fda1d331a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/status_schema.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+namespace system;
+
+enum Status {
+       UNKNOWN, NEW, STARTUP, RUNNING, TERMINATING, SHUTDOWN, CRASHED
+} = UNKNOWN;
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/unicode.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/unicode.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f16fb2f95dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/unicode.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+* This is a test that UTF8 functions correctly.
+* このテストでは、UTF - 8で正しく機能している。
+* 这是一个测试，UTF - 8的正常运行。
+*/
+protocol Протоколы {
+  record Структура {
+    string Строковый;
+    string 文字列;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f37f2f748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/union.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.gen")
+protocol UnionFwd {
+
+	record TestRecord {
+		union {SR1, SR2} unionField;
+	}
+
+	record SR1 {
+		string field;
+	}
+
+	record SR2 {
+		string field;
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49a83f45eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/input/uuid.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+
+/**
+Testing UUID fields
+*/
+
+@namespace("org.apache.avro")
+protocol MyProtocol {
+    record APlaygroundEvent {
+
+    /**
+     * Documentation must be provided for each attribute
+     */
+    uuid identifier;
+
+    /**
+     * A string field with a special name
+     */
+    string `uuid`;
+
+
+    /**
+     * a nullable uuid field
+     */
+
+    union { null, uuid } optionalString;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e4a284da9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/logicalTypes.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@version("1.0.5")
+@namespace("org.apache.avro.test")
+protocol LogicalTypeTest {
+    record LogicalTypeFields {
+        date aDate;
+        time_ms aTime;
+        timestamp_ms aTimestamp;
+        local_timestamp_ms aLocalTimestamp;
+        decimal(6,2) pocketMoney;
+        uuid identifier;
+        @logicalType("timestamp-micros") long anotherTimestamp;
+        @logicalType("decimal") @precision(6) @scale(2) bytes allowance;
+        @logicalType("decimal") @precision(3000000000) @scale(0) bytes byteArray;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..715cdde8847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/baseball.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Baseball",
+  "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Position",
+    "symbols" : [ "P", "C", "B1", "B2", "B3", "SS", "LF", "CF", "RF", "DH" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Player",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "number",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "first_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "last_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "position",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "Position"
+      }
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9901f8eebc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/comments.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Comments",
+  "namespace" : "testing",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "DocumentedEnum",
+    "doc" : "Documented Enum",
+    "symbols" : [ "A", "B", "C" ],
+    "default" : "A"
+  }, {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedEnum",
+    "symbols" : [ "D", "E" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "DocumentedFixed",
+    "doc" : "Documented Fixed Type",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedFixed",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "error",
+    "name" : "DocumentedError",
+    "doc" : "Documented Error",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "reason",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "Documented Reason Field"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "explanation",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "Default Doc Explanation Field"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "UndocumentedRecord",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "description",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "documentedMethod" : {
+      "doc" : "Documented Method",
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "message",
+        "type" : "string",
+        "doc" : "Documented Parameter"
+      }, {
+        "name" : "defMsg",
+        "type" : "string",
+        "doc" : "Default Documented Parameter"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "errors" : [ "DocumentedError" ]
+    },
+    "undocumentedMethod" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "message",
+        "type" : "string"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/cycle.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/cycle.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8b15835c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/cycle.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Cycle",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.gen",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "SampleNode",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "count",
+      "type" : "int",
+      "default" : 0
+    }, {
+      "name" : "subNodes",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : {
+          "type" : "record",
+          "name" : "SamplePair",
+          "fields" : [ {
+            "name" : "method",
+            "type" : {
+              "type" : "record",
+              "name" : "Method",
+              "fields" : [ {
+                "name" : "declaringClass",
+                "type" : "string",
+                "testAttribute":"testValue"
+              }, {
+                "name" : "methodName",
+                "type" : "string"
+              } ]
+            }
+          }, {
+            "name" : "node",
+            "type" : "SampleNode"
+          } ]
+        }
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "SelfRef",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "something",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "subNodes",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "SelfRef"
+      },
+      "default" : [ ]
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : { }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/echo.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/echo.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbf9b99134a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/echo.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Echo",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.echo",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Ping",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "timestamp",
+      "type" : "long",
+      "default" : -1
+    }, {
+      "name" : "text",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "default" : ""
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Pong",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "timestamp",
+      "type" : "long",
+      "default" : -1
+    }, {
+      "name" : "ping",
+      "type" : "Ping"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "ping" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "ping",
+        "type" : "Ping"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "Pong"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a349206a37f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/forward_ref.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "protocol": "Import",
+  "namespace": "org.foo",
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "ANameValue",
+      "fields": [
+        { "name":"name", "type": "string", "doc":"the name" },
+        { "name": "value", "type": "string", "doc": "the value" },
+        { "name": "type", "type": { "type": "enum", "name":"ValueType", "symbols": ["JSON","BASE64BIN","PLAIN"] }, "default": "PLAIN" }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "messages":  { }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6701ad94e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/import.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Import",
+  "namespace" : "org.foo",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Position",
+    "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
+    "symbols" : [ "P", "C", "B1", "B2", "B3", "SS", "LF", "CF", "RF", "DH" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Player",
+    "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "number",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "first_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "last_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "position",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "Position"
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "ImportBar",
+    "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.ipc.specific",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "foo",
+      "type" : "avro.examples.baseball.Player"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "NestedType",
+    "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "FromAfar",
+    "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "VeryFar",
+    "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "FarAway",
+    "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Baz",
+    "namespace" : "ns.other.schema",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "x",
+      "type" : "int"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Foo",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "x",
+      "type" : "int"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Bar",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "baz",
+      "type" : "ns.other.schema.Baz"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "foo",
+      "type" : "Foo"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "error" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "void" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "oneway" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "bar" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "bazm" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "baz",
+        "type" : "ns.other.schema.Baz"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "barf" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "foo",
+        "type" : "Foo"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "Bar"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e56c7c9cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/interop.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "InteropProtocol",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Foo",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "label",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Kind",
+    "symbols" : [ "A", "B", "C" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "MD5",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Node",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "label",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "children",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "Node"
+      },
+      "default" : [ ]
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Interop",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "intField",
+      "type" : "int",
+      "default" : 1
+    }, {
+      "name" : "longField",
+      "type" : "long",
+      "default" : -1
+    }, {
+      "name" : "stringField",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "boolField",
+      "type" : "boolean",
+      "default" : false
+    }, {
+      "name" : "floatField",
+      "type" : "float",
+      "default" : 0.0
+    }, {
+      "name" : "doubleField",
+      "type" : "double",
+      "default" : -1.0E12
+    }, {
+      "name" : "nullField",
+      "type" : "null"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "arrayField",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "double"
+      },
+      "default" : [ ]
+    }, {
+      "name" : "mapField",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "map",
+        "values" : "Foo"
+      }
+    }, {
+      "name" : "unionFIeld",
+      "type" : [ "boolean", "double", {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "bytes"
+      } ]
+    }, {
+      "name" : "enumField",
+      "type" : "Kind"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "fixedField",
+      "type" : "MD5"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "recordField",
+      "type" : "Node"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : { }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c6343664d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/mr_events.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Events",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.jobhistory",
+  "doc" : "Genavro format for a particular protocol found in Hadoop MapReduce.\nUsed as a test case/example to show that we can express real-world stuff more\nsuccinctly.",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JhCounter",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "displayName",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "value",
+      "type" : "long"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JhCounterGroup",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "displayName",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "counts",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "JhCounter"
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JhCounters",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "groups",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "JhCounterGroup"
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JobFinished",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "jobid",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "finishTime",
+      "type" : {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}
+    }, {
+      "name" : "finishRatio",
+      "type" : {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 9, "scale": 2}
+    }, {
+      "name" : "finishedMaps",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "finishedReduces",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "failedMaps",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "failedReduces",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "totalCounters",
+      "type" : "JhCounters"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "mapCounters",
+      "type" : "JhCounters"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "reduceCounters",
+      "type" : "JhCounters"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JobInited",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "jobid",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "launchTime",
+      "type" : {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}
+    }, {
+      "name" : "totalMaps",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "totalReduces",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "jobStatus",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "JobSubmitted",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "jobid",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "jobName",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "userName",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "submitTime",
+      "type" : {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}
+    }, {
+      "name" : "submitTimeLocal",
+      "type" : {"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"}
+    }, {
+      "name" : "jobConfPath",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22ec760d5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/namespaces.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "TestNamespace",
+  "namespace" : "avro.test.protocol",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "FixedInOtherNamespace",
+    "namespace" : "avro.test.fixed",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "FixedInThisNamespace",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "RecordInOtherNamespace",
+    "namespace" : "avro.test.record",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "error",
+    "name" : "ErrorInOtherNamespace",
+    "namespace" : "avro.test.error",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "EnumInOtherNamespace",
+    "namespace" : "avro.test.enum",
+    "symbols" : [ "FOO" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "RefersToOthers",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "someFixed",
+      "type" : "avro.test.fixed.FixedInOtherNamespace"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "someRecord",
+      "type" : "avro.test.record.RecordInOtherNamespace"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "someError",
+      "type" : "avro.test.error.ErrorInOtherNamespace"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "someEnum",
+      "type" : "avro.test.enum.EnumInOtherNamespace"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "thisFixed",
+      "type" : "FixedInThisNamespace"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80273627109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/nestedimport.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "nestedimport",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.ipc.specific",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "version" : "1.0.5",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Position",
+    "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
+    "symbols" : [ "P", "C", "B1", "B2", "B3", "SS", "LF", "CF", "RF", "DH" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Player",
+    "namespace" : "avro.examples.baseball",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "number",
+      "type" : "int"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "first_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "last_name",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "position",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "Position"
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "ImportBar",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "foo",
+      "type" : "avro.examples.baseball.Player"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "error" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "void" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "oneway" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "bar" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f28a90cc8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/reservedwords.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Foo",
+  "doc" : "Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\nor more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\ndistributed with this work for additional information\nregarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\nto you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\nwith the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
+  "types" : [ ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "error" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "void" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "idl" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "import" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "oneway" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "null" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    },
+    "local_timestamp_ms" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/schema_syntax.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/schema_syntax.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06042446188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/schema_syntax.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+    "type": "array",
+    "items": {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "StatusUpdate",
+        "namespace": "monitoring",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "timestamp",
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "long",
+                    "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+                },
+                "doc": "The moment of the status change."
+            }, {
+                "name": "processName",
+                "type": "string",
+                "doc": "The process whose status changed."
+            }, {
+                "name": "newStatus",
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "name": "Status",
+                    "namespace": "system",
+                    "symbols": ["UNKNOWN", "NEW", "STARTUP", "RUNNING", "TERMINATING", "SHUTDOWN", "CRASHED"],
+                    "default": "UNKNOWN"
+                },
+                "doc": "The new status of the process."
+            }, {
+                "name": "description",
+                "type": ["null", "string"],
+                "doc": "A description why this status change occurred (optional)."
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ec9edb4c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/simple.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Simple",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.test",
+  "doc" : "A simple test case.",
+  "version" : "1.0.5",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Kind",
+    "doc" : "A kind of record.",
+    "symbols" : [ "FOO", "BAR", "BAZ" ],
+    "aliases" : [ "org.foo.KindOf" ]
+  }, {
+   "type" : "enum",
+   "name" : "Status",
+   "symbols" : [ "A", "B", "C" ],
+   "default" : "C"
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "TestRecord",
+    "doc" : "A TestRecord.",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "name",
+      "type" : {
+        "type": "string",
+        "avro.java.string": "String"
+      },
+      "default" : "foo",
+      "order" : "ignore"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "kind",
+      "type" : "Kind",
+      "doc" : "The kind of record.",
+      "order" : "descending"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "status",
+      "type" : "Status",
+      "doc" : "The status of the record.",
+      "default" : "A"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "hash",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "fixed",
+        "name" : "MD5",
+        "doc" : "An MD5 hash.",
+        "size" : 16
+      },
+      "default" : "0000000000000000"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "nullableHash",
+      "type" : [ "null", "MD5" ],
+      "default" : null,
+      "aliases" : [ "hash", "hsh" ]
+    }, {
+      "name" : "value",
+      "type" : "double",
+      "default" : "NaN"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "average",
+      "type" : "float",
+      "default" : "-Infinity"
+    }, {
+      "name": "d",
+      "type": {"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"},
+      "default": 0
+    }, {
+      "name": "t",
+      "type": [ {"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}, "null" ],
+      "default": 0
+    } , {
+      "name": "l",
+      "type": {"type": "long", "foo.bar": "bar.foo"},
+      "default": 0
+    } , {
+      "name": "a",
+      "type": {"type": "array", "items": "string", "foo.bar.bar": "foo.bar2"},
+      "default": []
+    } , {
+      "name": "prop",
+      "type": [ "null" , {"type":"string", "foo.foo.bar": 42, "foo.foo.foo": "3foo"} ],
+      "default": null
+    }],
+    "my-property" : {
+      "key" : 3
+    }
+  }, {
+    "type" : "error",
+    "name" : "TestError",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "message",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "hello" : {
+      "doc" : "method 'hello' takes @parameter 'greeting'",
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "greeting",
+        "type" : "string"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "string"
+    },
+    "echo" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "record",
+        "type" : "TestRecord",
+        "default" : {
+          "name" : "bar",
+          "kind" : "BAR"
+        }
+      } ],
+      "response" : "TestRecord"
+    },
+    "add" : {
+      "doc" : "method 'add' takes @parameter 'arg1' @parameter 'arg2'",
+      "specialProp" : "test",
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "arg1",
+        "type" : "int"
+      }, {
+        "name" : "arg2",
+        "type" : "int",
+        "default" : 0
+      } ],
+      "response" : "int"
+    },
+    "echoBytes" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "data",
+        "type" : "bytes"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "bytes"
+    },
+    "error" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "errors" : [ "TestError" ]
+    },
+    "ping" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "one-way" : true
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/status.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/status.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82710b84137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/status.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "enum",
+    "name": "Status",
+    "namespace": "system",
+    "symbols": [ "UNKNOWN", "NEW", "STARTUP", "RUNNING", "TERMINATING", "SHUTDOWN", "CRASHED" ],
+    "default": "UNKNOWN"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c58a043003b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/unicode.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Протоколы",
+  "doc" : "This is a test that UTF8 functions correctly.\nこのテストでは、UTF - 8で正しく機能している。\n这是一个测试，UTF - 8的正常运行。",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "Структура",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "Строковый",
+      "type" : "string"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "文字列",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61748d179e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/union.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "protocol": "UnionFwd",
+  "namespace": "org.apache.avro.gen",
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "TestRecord",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "unionField",
+          "type": [
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "SR1",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "field",
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "SR2",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "field",
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "messages": {}
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe3d5a66c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/output/uuid.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "MyProtocol",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro",
+  "doc" : "Testing UUID fields",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "APlaygroundEvent",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "identifier",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "string",
+        "logicalType" : "uuid"
+      },
+      "doc" : "Documentation must be provided for each attribute"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "uuid",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "doc" : "A string field with a special name"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "optionalString",
+      "type" : [ "null", {
+        "type" : "string",
+        "logicalType" : "uuid"
+      } ],
+      "doc" : "a nullable uuid field"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : { }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ee84113246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.on.the.classpath")
+protocol OnTheClasspath {
+  import idl "folder/relativePath.avdl";
+  record FromAfar {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avpr b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..46951c2d485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "OnTheClasspath",
+  "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "VeryFar",
+    "fields" : [ ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avsc b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..40d3595e8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/OnTheClasspath.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "type" : "record",
+  "name" : "FarAway",
+  "namespace" : "org.on.the.classpath",
+  "fields" : [ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/folder/relativePath.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/folder/relativePath.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0343efeb90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/folder/relativePath.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.on.the.classpath")
+protocol OnTheClasspathDependency {
+	import idl "../nestedtypes.avdl";
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/nestedtypes.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/nestedtypes.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ef062f3d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/idl/putOnClassPath/nestedtypes.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+@namespace("org.on.the.classpath")
+protocol OnTheClasspathTypes {
+  record NestedType {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReaderTest.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReaderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b503bcb2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlReaderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+/**
+ * Simple test harness for Idl. This relies on an input/ and output/ directory.
+ * Inside the input/ directory are .avdl files. Each file should have a
+ * corresponding .avpr file in output/. When the test runs, it generates and
+ * stringifies each .avdl file and compares it to the expected output, failing
+ * if the two differ.
+ * <p>
+ * To make it simpler to write these tests, you can run ant -Dtestcase=TestIdl
+ * -Dtest.idl.mode=write, which will *replace* all expected output.
+ */
+public class IdlReaderTest {
+  private static final File TEST_DIR = new File(System.getProperty("test.idl.dir", "src/test/idl"));
+
+  private static final File TEST_INPUT_DIR = new File(TEST_DIR, "input").getAbsoluteFile();
+
+  private static final File TEST_OUTPUT_DIR = new File(TEST_DIR, "output");
+
+  private static final String TEST_MODE = System.getProperty("test.idl.mode", "run");
+
+  private static final File EXTRA_TEST_DIR = new File(TEST_DIR, "extra");
+
+  private List<GenTest> tests;
+
+  @Before
+  public void loadTests() {
+    assertTrue(TEST_DIR.exists());
+    assertTrue(TEST_INPUT_DIR.exists());
+    assertTrue(TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.exists());
+
+    tests = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (File inF : Objects.requireNonNull(TEST_INPUT_DIR.listFiles())) {
+      if (!inF.getName().endsWith(".avdl")) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (inF.getName().startsWith(".")) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      File outF = new File(TEST_OUTPUT_DIR,
+          inF.getName().replaceFirst("_schema\\.avdl$", ".avsc").replaceFirst("\\.avdl$", ".avpr"));
+      tests.add(new GenTest(inF, outF));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateProtocolParsingResult() throws IOException {
+    // runTests already tests the actual parsing; this tests the result object.
+    IdlFile idlFile = parseExtraIdlFile("protocolSyntax.avdl");
+
+    assertEquals(1, idlFile.getNamedSchemas().size());
+    idlFile.getNamedSchemas().keySet().forEach(System.out::println);
+    assertNotNull(idlFile.getNamedSchema("communication.Message"));
+
+    assertNotNull(idlFile.getProtocol());
+    assertNull(idlFile.getMainSchema());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateSchemaParsingResult() throws IOException {
+    // runTests already tests the actual parsing; this tests the result object.
+    IdlFile idlFile = parseExtraIdlFile("schemaSyntax.avdl");
+
+    assertEquals(1, idlFile.getNamedSchemas().size());
+    idlFile.getNamedSchemas().keySet().forEach(System.out::println);
+    assertNotNull(idlFile.getNamedSchema("communication.Message"));
+
+    assertNull(idlFile.getProtocol());
+    Schema mainSchema = idlFile.getMainSchema();
+    assertEquals(Schema.Type.ARRAY, mainSchema.getType());
+    assertEquals(idlFile.getNamedSchema("communication.Message"), mainSchema.getElementType());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDocCommentsAndWarnings() throws Exception {
+    final IdlFile idlFile = parseExtraIdlFile("../input/comments.avdl");
+    final Protocol protocol = idlFile.getProtocol();
+    final List<String> warnings = idlFile.getWarnings();
+
+    assertEquals("Documented Enum", protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedEnum").getDoc());
+
+    assertEquals("Documented Fixed Type", protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedFixed").getDoc());
+
+    final Schema documentedError = protocol.getType("testing.DocumentedError");
+    assertEquals("Documented Error", documentedError.getDoc());
+    assertEquals("Documented Reason Field", documentedError.getField("reason").doc());
+    assertEquals("Default Doc Explanation Field", documentedError.getField("explanation").doc());
+
+    final Map<String, Protocol.Message> messages = protocol.getMessages();
+    final Protocol.Message documentedMethod = messages.get("documentedMethod");
+    assertEquals("Documented Method", documentedMethod.getDoc());
+    assertEquals("Documented Parameter", documentedMethod.getRequest().getField("message").doc());
+    assertEquals("Default Documented Parameter", documentedMethod.getRequest().getField("defMsg").doc());
+
+    assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedEnum").getDoc());
+    assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedFixed").getDoc());
+    assertNull(protocol.getType("testing.UndocumentedRecord").getDoc());
+    assertNull(messages.get("undocumentedMethod").getDoc());
+
+    final String pattern = "Line %d, char %d: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment.%n"
+        + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?";
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(String.format(pattern, 21, 8), String.format(pattern, 21, 45), String.format(pattern, 22, 5),
+            String.format(pattern, 23, 5), String.format(pattern, 24, 5), String.format(pattern, 25, 5),
+            String.format(pattern, 26, 7), String.format(pattern, 27, 7), String.format(pattern, 28, 7),
+            String.format(pattern, 33, 7), String.format(pattern, 34, 7), String.format(pattern, 35, 5),
+            String.format(pattern, 36, 5), String.format(pattern, 37, 7), String.format(pattern, 42, 7),
+            String.format(pattern, 43, 7), String.format(pattern, 46, 9), String.format(pattern, 47, 5),
+            String.format(pattern, 54, 7), String.format(pattern, 55, 7), String.format(pattern, 58, 9),
+            String.format(pattern, 59, 7), String.format(pattern, 60, 11), String.format(pattern, 61, 11)),
+        warnings);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue")
+  private IdlFile parseExtraIdlFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
+    return new IdlReader().parse(EXTRA_TEST_DIR.toPath().resolve(fileName));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void runTests() {
+    if (!"run".equals(TEST_MODE)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    int failed = 0;
+
+    for (GenTest t : tests) {
+      try {
+        t.run();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        failed++;
+        System.err.println("Failed: " + t.testName());
+        e.printStackTrace(System.err);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (failed > 0) {
+      fail(failed + " tests failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void writeTests() throws Exception {
+    if (!"write".equals(TEST_MODE)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (GenTest t : tests) {
+      t.write();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An individual comparison test
+   */
+  private static class GenTest {
+    private final File in, expectedOut;
+
+    public GenTest(File in, File expectedOut) {
+      this.in = in;
+      this.expectedOut = expectedOut;
+    }
+
+    private String generate() {
+      ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+
+      URL[] newPathURL = new URL[] { cl.getResource("putOnClassPath-test-resource.jar") };
+      URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(newPathURL, cl);
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ucl);
+      try {
+        IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+        return parser.parse(in.toPath()).outputString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new AssertionError(e.getMessage(), e);
+      } finally {
+        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public String testName() {
+      return this.in.getName();
+    }
+
+    public void run() throws Exception {
+      String output = generate();
+      String slurped = slurp(expectedOut);
+      assertEquals(slurped.trim(), output.replace("\\r", "").trim());
+    }
+
+    public void write() throws Exception {
+      writeFile(expectedOut, generate());
+    }
+
+    private static String slurp(File f) throws IOException {
+      BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(f), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+      String line;
+      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+      while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
+        builder.append(line);
+      }
+      in.close();
+      ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+      JsonNode json = mapper.readTree(builder.toString());
+      return mapper.writer().writeValueAsString(json);
+    }
+
+    private static void writeFile(File f, String s) throws IOException {
+      FileWriter w = new FileWriter(f);
+      w.write(s);
+      w.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactoryTest.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6332f4b078a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlSchemaFormatterFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaFormatter;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParser;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+class IdlSchemaFormatterFactoryTest {
+  @Test
+  void verifyIdlFormatting() throws IOException {
+    SchemaFormatter idlFormatter = SchemaFormatter.getInstance("idl");
+    assertEquals(IdlSchemaFormatter.class, idlFormatter.getClass());
+
+    String formattedHappyFlowSchema = getResourceAsString("../util/idl_utils_test_schema.avdl");
+
+    String schemaResourceName = "../util/idl_utils_test_schema.avdl";
+    try (InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream(schemaResourceName)) {
+      Schema happyFlowSchema = new SchemaParser().parse(formattedHappyFlowSchema).mainSchema();
+      // The Avro project indents .avdl files less than common
+      String formatted = idlFormatter.format(happyFlowSchema).replaceAll("    ", "\t").replaceAll("\t", "  ");
+      assertEquals(formattedHappyFlowSchema, formatted);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String getResourceAsString(String name) throws IOException {
+    StringWriter schemaBuffer = new StringWriter();
+    try (InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(requireNonNull(getClass().getResourceAsStream(name)))) {
+      char[] buf = new char[1024];
+      int charsRead;
+      while ((charsRead = reader.read(buf)) > -1) {
+        schemaBuffer.write(buf, 0, charsRead);
+      }
+    }
+    return schemaBuffer.toString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtilsTest.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef2a81d3ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/IdlUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+public class IdlUtilsTest {
+  @Test
+  public void idlUtilsUtilitiesThrowRuntimeExceptionsOnProgrammerError() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> IdlUtils.getField(Object.class, "noSuchField"), "Programmer error");
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
+        () -> IdlUtils.getFieldValue(String.class.getDeclaredField("value"), "anything"), "Programmer error");
+
+    assertEquals("foo", IdlUtils.uncheckExceptions(() -> "foo"));
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> IdlUtils.uncheckExceptions(() -> {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Oops");
+    }), "Oops");
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> IdlUtils.uncheckExceptions(() -> {
+      throw new IOException("Oops");
+    }), "Oops");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateHappyFlowForProtocol() throws IOException {
+    Protocol protocol = parseIdlResource("idl_utils_test_protocol.avdl").getProtocol();
+
+    StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+    IdlUtils.writeIdlProtocol(buffer, protocol);
+
+    assertEquals(getResourceAsString("idl_utils_test_protocol.avdl"), buffer.toString());
+  }
+
+  private IdlFile parseIdlResource(String name) throws IOException {
+    IdlFile idlFile;
+    IdlReader idlReader = new IdlReader();
+    try (InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream(name)) {
+      idlFile = idlReader.parse(requireNonNull(stream));
+    }
+    return idlFile;
+  }
+
+  private String getResourceAsString(String name) throws IOException {
+    StringWriter schemaBuffer = new StringWriter();
+    try (InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(requireNonNull(getClass().getResourceAsStream(name)))) {
+      char[] buf = new char[1024];
+      int charsRead;
+      while ((charsRead = reader.read(buf)) > -1) {
+        schemaBuffer.write(buf, 0, charsRead);
+      }
+    }
+    return schemaBuffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateHappyFlowForSingleSchema() throws IOException {
+    final IdlFile idlFile = parseIdlResource("idl_utils_test_schema.avdl");
+    Schema mainSchema = idlFile.getMainSchema();
+
+    StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+    IdlUtils.writeIdlSchema(buffer, mainSchema.getTypes().iterator().next());
+
+    assertEquals(getResourceAsString("idl_utils_test_schema.avdl"), buffer.toString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void cannotWriteProtocolWithUnnamedTypes() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class,
+        () -> IdlUtils.writeIdlProtocol(new StringWriter(), Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void cannotWriteEmptyEnums() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class,
+        () -> IdlUtils.writeIdlProtocol(new StringWriter(), Schema.createEnum("Single", null, "naming", emptyList())));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void cannotWriteEmptyUnionTypes() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class,
+        () -> IdlUtils.writeIdlProtocol(new StringWriter(), Schema.createRecord("Single", null, "naming", false,
+            singletonList(new Schema.Field("field", Schema.createUnion())))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateNullToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("null", callToJson(JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateMapToJson() throws IOException {
+    Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    data.put("key", "name");
+    data.put("value", 81763);
+    assertEquals("{\"key\":\"name\",\"value\":81763}", callToJson(data));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateCollectionToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("[123,\"abc\"]", callToJson(Arrays.asList(123, "abc")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateBytesToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("\"getalletjes\"", callToJson("getalletjes".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateStringToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("\"foo\"", callToJson("foo"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateEnumToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("\"FILE_NOT_FOUND\"", callToJson(SingleValue.FILE_NOT_FOUND));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateDoubleToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("25000.025", callToJson(25_000.025));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateFloatToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("15000.002", callToJson(15_000.002f));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateLongToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("7254378234", callToJson(7254378234L));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateIntegerToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("123", callToJson(123));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateBooleanToJson() throws IOException {
+    assertEquals("true", callToJson(true));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void validateUnknownCannotBeWrittenAsJson() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> callToJson(new Object()));
+  }
+
+  private String callToJson(Object datum) throws IOException {
+    StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+    try (JsonGenerator generator = IdlUtils.MAPPER.createGenerator(buffer)) {
+      IdlUtils.MAPPER.writeValueAsString(datum);
+    }
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  private enum SingleValue {
+    FILE_NOT_FOUND
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestCycle.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestCycle.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9cb54f34ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestCycle.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
+import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+public class TestCycle {
+
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestCycle.class);
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCycleGeneration() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+    final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+    IdlFile idlFile = parser.parse(requireNonNull(cl.getResource("input/cycle.avdl")).toURI());
+    String json = idlFile.outputString();
+    LOG.info(json);
+
+    GenericRecordBuilder rb2 = new GenericRecordBuilder(idlFile.getNamedSchema("org.apache.avro.gen.SampleNode"));
+    rb2.set("count", 10);
+    rb2.set("subNodes", Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+    GenericData.Record node = rb2.build();
+
+    GenericRecordBuilder mb = new GenericRecordBuilder(idlFile.getNamedSchema("org.apache.avro.gen.Method"));
+    mb.set("declaringClass", "Test");
+    mb.set("methodName", "test");
+    GenericData.Record method = mb.build();
+
+    GenericRecordBuilder spb = new GenericRecordBuilder(idlFile.getNamedSchema("org.apache.avro.gen.SamplePair"));
+    spb.set("method", method);
+    spb.set("node", node);
+    GenericData.Record sp = spb.build();
+
+    GenericRecordBuilder rb = new GenericRecordBuilder(idlFile.getNamedSchema("org.apache.avro.gen.SampleNode"));
+    rb.set("count", 10);
+    rb.set("subNodes", Collections.singletonList(sp));
+    GenericData.Record record = rb.build();
+
+    serDeserRecord(record);
+  }
+
+  private static void serDeserRecord(GenericData.Record data) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bab = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    GenericDatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(data.getSchema());
+    final BinaryEncoder directBinaryEncoder = EncoderFactory.get().directBinaryEncoder(bab, null);
+    writer.write(data, directBinaryEncoder);
+    directBinaryEncoder.flush();
+    ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bab.toByteArray(), 0, bab.size());
+    GenericDatumReader<GenericRecord> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(data.getSchema());
+    BinaryDecoder directBinaryDecoder = DecoderFactory.get().directBinaryDecoder(bis, null);
+    GenericData.Record read = (GenericData.Record) reader.read(null, directBinaryDecoder);
+    Assert.assertEquals(data.toString(), read.toString());
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05a8dcaf2db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestLogicalTypes.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+public class TestLogicalTypes {
+  private Schema logicalTypeFields;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+    final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    IdlFile idlFile = new IdlReader().parse(requireNonNull(cl.getResource("logicalTypes.avdl")).toURI());
+
+    logicalTypeFields = idlFile.getNamedSchema("org.apache.avro.test.LogicalTypeFields");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDateBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.date(), logicalTypeOfField("aDate"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimeMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timeMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aTime"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimestampMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timestampMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLocalTimestampMsBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.localTimestampMillis(), logicalTypeOfField("aLocalTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDecimalBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(6, 2), logicalTypeOfField("pocketMoney"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testUuidBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.uuid(), logicalTypeOfField("identifier"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAnnotatedLongBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.timestampMicros(), logicalTypeOfField("anotherTimestamp"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAnnotatedBytesFieldBecomesLogicalType() {
+    Assert.assertEquals(LogicalTypes.decimal(6, 2), logicalTypeOfField("allowance"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncorrectlyAnnotatedBytesFieldHasNoLogicalType() {
+    Schema fieldSchema = logicalTypeFields.getField("byteArray").schema();
+
+    Assert.assertNull(fieldSchema.getLogicalType());
+    Assert.assertEquals("decimal", fieldSchema.getObjectProp("logicalType"));
+    Assert.assertEquals(3000000000L, fieldSchema.getObjectProp("precision")); // Not an int, so not a valid precision
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, fieldSchema.getObjectProp("scale"));
+  }
+
+  private LogicalType logicalTypeOfField(String name) {
+    return logicalTypeFields.getField(name).schema().getLogicalType();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51b5570f661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/idl/TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.idl;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public class TestReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReferenceAnnotationNotAllowed() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+
+    final ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+
+    try {
+      new IdlReader().parse(requireNonNull(cl.getResource("AnnotationOnTypeReference.avdl")).toURI());
+      fail("Compilation should fail: annotations on type references are not allowed.");
+    } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
+      assertEquals("Type references may not be annotated, at line 29, column 16", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_protocol.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_protocol.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa59f5b3568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_protocol.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+@namespace("naming")
+@version("1.0.5")
+protocol HappyFlow {
+    /** A sample record type. */
+    @version(2)
+    @aliases(["naming.OldMessage"])
+    record NewMessage {
+        string @generator("uuid-type1") id;
+        @my-key("my-value") string? @aliases(["text","msg"]) message = null;
+        @my-key("my-value") map<common.Flag> @order("DESCENDING") flags;
+        Counter mainCounter;
+        /** A list of counters. */
+        union{null, @my-key("my-value") array<Counter>} otherCounters = null;
+        Nonce nonce;
+        date my_date;
+        time_ms my_time;
+        timestamp_ms my_timestamp;
+        decimal(12,3) my_number;
+        @logicalType("time-micros") long my_dummy;
+    }
+
+    @namespace("common")
+    enum Flag {ON, OFF, CANARY}
+
+    record Counter {
+        string name;
+        int count;
+        /** Because the Flag field is defined earlier in NewMessage, it's already defined and does not need repeating below. */
+        common.Flag flag;
+    }
+
+    fixed Nonce(8);
+
+    error Failure {
+        string reason;
+    }
+
+    null send(Counter counter) oneway;
+    /** Simple echoing service */
+    string echo(
+        /** this message will be returned count times. */
+        string message,
+        int count
+    ) throws Failure;
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_schema.avdl b/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_schema.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b500bde004f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/idl/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/util/idl_utils_test_schema.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+namespace naming;
+
+schema NewMessage;
+
+/** A sample record type. */
+@version(2)
+@aliases(["naming.OldMessage"])
+record NewMessage {
+  string @generator("uuid-type1") id;
+  @my-key("my-value") string? @aliases(["text", "msg"]) message = null;
+  @my-key("my-value") map<common.Flag> @order("DESCENDING") flags;
+  Counter mainCounter;
+  /** A list of counters. */
+  union{null, @my-key("my-value") array<Counter>} otherCounters = null;
+  Nonce nonce;
+  date my_date;
+  time_ms my_time;
+  timestamp_ms my_timestamp;
+  decimal(12,3) my_number;
+  @logicalType("time-micros") long my_dummy;
+}
+
+@namespace("common")
+enum Flag {
+  ON, OFF, CANARY
+}
+
+record Counter {
+  string name;
+  int count;
+  /** Because the Flag field is defined earlier in NewMessage, it's already defined and does not need repeating below. */
+  common.Flag flag;
+}
+
+fixed Nonce(8);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/pom.xml b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/pom.xml
index 8a64f83e30c..c833d7e7c3e 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-integration-test</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-codegen-test</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/AbstractSpecificRecordTest.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/AbstractSpecificRecordTest.java
index 71e7ae76821..d6968e81f52 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/AbstractSpecificRecordTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/AbstractSpecificRecordTest.java
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase;
-import org.junit.Assert;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 abstract class AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -46,14 +47,14 @@ private <T extends SpecificRecordBase> void verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(T orig
       SpecificDatumWriter<T> datumWriter, SpecificDatumReader<T> datumReader) {
     final byte[] serialized = serialize(original, datumWriter);
     final T copy = deserialize(serialized, datumReader);
-    Assert.assertEquals(original, copy);
+    assertEquals(original, copy);
     // In addition to equals() tested above, make sure the other methods that use
     // SpecificData work as intended
     // compareTo() throws an exception for maps, otherwise we would have tested it
     // here
     // Assert.assertEquals(0, original.compareTo(copy));
-    Assert.assertEquals(original.hashCode(), copy.hashCode());
-    Assert.assertEquals(original.toString(), copy.toString());
+    assertEquals(original.hashCode(), copy.hashCode());
+    assertEquals(original.toString(), copy.toString());
   }
 
   private <T extends SpecificRecordBase> byte[] serialize(T object, SpecificDatumWriter<T> datumWriter) {
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestCustomConversion.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestCustomConversion.java
index 4d4a531405b..484167f9178 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestCustomConversion.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestCustomConversion.java
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.CustomConversionWithLogicalTypes;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.LogicalTypesWithCustomConversionIdl;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
 public class TestCustomConversion extends AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullValues() {
+  void nullValues() {
     LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion.newBuilder()
         .setNonNullCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(100), 2))
         .setNonNullFixedSizeString(new FixedSizeString("test")).build();
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ public void testNullValues() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullValuesIdl() {
+  void nullValuesIdl() {
     LogicalTypesWithCustomConversionIdl instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithCustomConversionIdl.newBuilder()
         .setNonNullCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(100), 2))
         .setNonNullFixedSizeString(new FixedSizeString("test")).build();
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ public void testNullValuesIdl() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonNullValues() {
+  void nonNullValues() {
     LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion.newBuilder()
         .setNonNullCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(100), 2))
         .setNullableCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(3000), 2))
@@ -53,17 +55,19 @@ public void testNonNullValues() {
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testStringViolatesLimit() {
-    LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion.newBuilder()
-        .setNonNullCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(100), 2))
-        .setNonNullFixedSizeString(new FixedSizeString("")).build();
+  @Test
+  void stringViolatesLimit() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithCustomConversion.newBuilder()
+          .setNonNullCustomField(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(100), 2))
+          .setNonNullFixedSizeString(new FixedSizeString("")).build();
 
-    verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
+      verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCustomConversionWithCustomLogicalType() {
+  void customConversionWithCustomLogicalType() {
     final CustomConversionWithLogicalTypes customConversionWithLogicalTypes = CustomConversionWithLogicalTypes
         .newBuilder().setCustomEnum(new CustomEnumType("TWO")).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(customConversionWithLogicalTypes);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypeForStringType.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypeForStringType.java
index d834cfcdf14..5a710ad6738 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypeForStringType.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypeForStringType.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.StringLogicalType;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.util.UUID;
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public class TestLogicalTypeForStringType {
    * ignored for field
    */
   @Test
-  public void shouldUseUUIDAsType() {
+  void shouldUseUUIDAsType() {
     StringLogicalType stringLogicalType = new StringLogicalType();
     stringLogicalType.setSomeIdentifier(UUID.randomUUID());
     assertThat(stringLogicalType.getSomeIdentifier(), instanceOf(UUID.class));
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypesWithDefaults.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypesWithDefaults.java
index 4eb03f5b2fd..e5e3ace1fb4 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypesWithDefaults.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestLogicalTypesWithDefaults.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.LogicalTypesWithDefaults;
 import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ public class TestLogicalTypesWithDefaults extends AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
   private static final LocalDate DEFAULT_VALUE = LocalDate.parse("1973-05-19");
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultValueOfNullableField() throws IOException {
+  void defaultValueOfNullableField() throws IOException {
     LogicalTypesWithDefaults instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithDefaults.newBuilder()
         .setNonNullDate(LocalDate.now()).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultValueOfNonNullField() throws IOException {
+  void defaultValueOfNonNullField() throws IOException {
     LogicalTypesWithDefaults instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithDefaults.newBuilder()
         .setNullableDate(LocalDate.now()).build();
     Assert.assertEquals(DEFAULT_VALUE, instanceOfGeneratedClass.getNonNullDate());
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public void testDefaultValueOfNonNullField() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithValues() throws IOException {
+  void withValues() throws IOException {
     LogicalTypesWithDefaults instanceOfGeneratedClass = LogicalTypesWithDefaults.newBuilder()
         .setNullableDate(LocalDate.now()).setNonNullDate(LocalDate.now()).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedLogicalTypes.java
index d452ccb639b..55b74a32db1 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedLogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedLogicalTypes.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInArray;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInMap;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.RecordInUnion;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
@@ -36,21 +36,21 @@
 public class TestNestedLogicalTypes extends AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInNestedRecord() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInNestedRecord() {
     final NestedLogicalTypesRecord nestedLogicalTypesRecord = NestedLogicalTypesRecord.newBuilder()
         .setNestedRecord(NestedRecord.newBuilder().setNullableDateField(LocalDate.now()).build()).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(nestedLogicalTypesRecord);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInArray() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInArray() {
     final NullableLogicalTypesArray logicalTypesArray = NullableLogicalTypesArray.newBuilder()
         .setArrayOfLogicalType(Collections.singletonList(LocalDate.now())).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(logicalTypesArray);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInArray() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInRecordInArray() {
     final NestedLogicalTypesArray nestedLogicalTypesArray = NestedLogicalTypesArray.newBuilder()
         .setArrayOfRecords(
             Collections.singletonList(RecordInArray.newBuilder().setNullableDateField(LocalDate.now()).build()))
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInArray() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInUnion() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInRecordInUnion() {
     final NestedLogicalTypesUnion nestedLogicalTypesUnion = NestedLogicalTypesUnion.newBuilder()
         .setUnionOfRecords(RecordInUnion.newBuilder().setNullableDateField(LocalDate.now()).build()).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(nestedLogicalTypesUnion);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInMap() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInRecordInMap() {
     final NestedLogicalTypesMap nestedLogicalTypesMap = NestedLogicalTypesMap.newBuilder()
         .setMapOfRecords(
             Collections.singletonMap("key", RecordInMap.newBuilder().setNullableDateField(LocalDate.now()).build()))
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInMap() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullableLogicalTypeInRecordInFixedDecimal() {
+  void nullableLogicalTypeInRecordInFixedDecimal() {
     final NestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal nestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal = NestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal
         .newBuilder().setUnionOfFixedDecimal(new CustomDecimal(BigInteger.TEN, 15)).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(nestedLogicalTypesUnionFixedDecimal);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces.java
index 13b4143ab25..7dcf65bd092 100755
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces.java
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.other.NestedOtherNamespaceRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.some.NestedSomeNamespaceRecord;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces extends AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces() {
+  void nestedRecordsWithDifferentNamespaces() {
     NestedSomeNamespaceRecord instanceOfGeneratedClass = NestedSomeNamespaceRecord.newBuilder()
         .setNestedRecordBuilder(NestedOtherNamespaceRecord.newBuilder().setSomeField(1)).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNullableLogicalTypes.java b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNullableLogicalTypes.java
index 9fb4af10292..4d2b772f689 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNullableLogicalTypes.java
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/codegen-test/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/codegentest/TestNullableLogicalTypes.java
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@
 
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import org.apache.avro.codegentest.testdata.NullableLogicalTypes;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 public class TestNullableLogicalTypes extends AbstractSpecificRecordTest {
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithNullValues() throws IOException {
+  void withNullValues() throws IOException {
     NullableLogicalTypes instanceOfGeneratedClass = NullableLogicalTypes.newBuilder().setNullableDate(null).build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDate() throws IOException {
+  void date() throws IOException {
     NullableLogicalTypes instanceOfGeneratedClass = NullableLogicalTypes.newBuilder().setNullableDate(LocalDate.now())
         .build();
     verifySerDeAndStandardMethods(instanceOfGeneratedClass);
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/pom.xml b/lang/java/integration-test/pom.xml
index 2ca4071e81f..4b2346a67b7 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
       <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
       <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-      <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-      <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+      <version>1.12.0</version>
+      <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-integration-test</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/integration-test/test-custom-conversions/pom.xml b/lang/java/integration-test/test-custom-conversions/pom.xml
index 73d798e70e8..0fa8791c7f2 100644
--- a/lang/java/integration-test/test-custom-conversions/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/integration-test/test-custom-conversions/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-integration-test</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-test-custom-conversions</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/interop-data-test/pom.xml b/lang/java/interop-data-test/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5b3fcf6548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/interop-data-test/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-interop-data-test</artifactId>
+
+  <name>Apache Avro interop-data-test</name>
+  <url>https://avro.apache.org</url>
+  <description>Avro interop-data-test</description>
+  <packaging>bundle</packaging>
+
+  <properties>
+    <main.basedir>${project.parent.parent.basedir}</main.basedir>
+    <invoker-action>Do something</invoker-action>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <pluginManagement>
+      <plugins>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
+          <configuration>
+            <failIfNoProjects>true</failIfNoProjects>
+            <!--<debug>true</debug>-->
+            <streamLogsOnFailures>true</streamLogsOnFailures>
+            <projectsDirectory>./src/it</projectsDirectory>
+            <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it</cloneProjectsTo>
+            <postBuildHookScript>verify</postBuildHookScript>
+            <localRepositoryPath>${project.build.directory}/local-repo</localRepositoryPath>
+            <settingsFile>./src/it/settings.xml</settingsFile>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>clean</goal>
+              <goal>test</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </configuration>
+
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <id>Populate the local repo for interoperability tests</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>install</goal>
+              </goals>
+            </execution>
+
+            <execution>
+              <id>${invoker-action} under Java 11</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>run</goal>
+              </goals>
+              <configuration>
+                <filterProperties>
+                  <integrationTestingJDK>11</integrationTestingJDK>
+                </filterProperties>
+                <properties>
+                  <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
+                </properties>
+                <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-11</cloneProjectsTo>
+              </configuration>
+            </execution>
+
+            <execution>
+              <id>${invoker-action} under Java 17</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>run</goal>
+              </goals>
+              <configuration>
+                <filterProperties>
+                  <integrationTestingJDK>17</integrationTestingJDK>
+                </filterProperties>
+                <properties>
+                  <maven.compiler.release>17</maven.compiler.release>
+                </properties>
+                <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-17</cloneProjectsTo>
+              </configuration>
+            </execution>
+
+            <execution>
+              <id>${invoker-action} under Java 21</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>run</goal>
+              </goals>
+              <configuration>
+                <filterProperties>
+                  <integrationTestingJDK>21</integrationTestingJDK>
+                </filterProperties>
+                <properties>
+                  <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
+                </properties>
+                <cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it-jdk-21</cloneProjectsTo>
+              </configuration>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+
+      </plugins>
+    </pluginManagement>
+    <plugins>
+
+      <!-- The tests are run using the invoker plugin -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <skip>true</skip>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- The tests are run using the invoker plugin -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <skip>true</skip>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Never install this -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <skip>true</skip>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Never deploy this to a maven repo -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <skip>true</skip>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>generate-test-data</id>
+      <properties>
+        <invoker-action>Generate interoperability test data</invoker-action>
+      </properties>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
+            <configuration>
+              <pomIncludes>
+                <pomInclude>generate/pom.xml</pomInclude>
+              </pomIncludes>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+
+    <profile>
+      <id>check-test-data</id>
+      <properties>
+        <invoker-action>Verify interoperability test files</invoker-action>
+      </properties>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
+            <configuration>
+              <pomIncludes>
+                <pomInclude>check/pom.xml</pomInclude>
+              </pomIncludes>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+
+  </profiles>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/pom.xml b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..40fd8e39796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>nl.example.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>integration-test</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0</version>
+
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+  <name>IT : Java @integrationTestingJDK@</name>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.build.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.outputEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
+
+    <main.basedir>../../../../../..</main.basedir>
+    <interop.datadir>${main.basedir}/build/interop/data/</interop.datadir>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-toolchains-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@maven-toolchains-plugin.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <toolchains>
+            <jdk>
+              <version>@integrationTestingJDK@</version>
+            </jdk>
+          </toolchains>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@project.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>schemas</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>schema</goal>
+              <!--<goal>protocol</goal>-->
+              <!--<goal>idl-protocol</goal>-->
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <includes>
+                <include>**/interop.avsc</include>
+              </includes>
+              <excludes>
+                <exclude>**/*</exclude>
+              <!--  <exclude>org/apache/avro/data/Json.avsc</exclude>-->
+              </excludes>
+              <stringType>String</stringType>
+              <createOptionalGetters>true</createOptionalGetters>
+              <!--<gettersReturnOptional>true</gettersReturnOptional>-->
+              <sourceDirectory>${main.basedir}/share/schemas/</sourceDirectory>
+              <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
+              <testSourceDirectory>${main.basedir}/share/test/schemas/</testSourceDirectory>
+              <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/generated-test-sources/java</testOutputDirectory>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.1.2</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <enableAssertions>false</enableAssertions>
+          <forkCount>1</forkCount>
+          <reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
+          <redirectTestOutputToFile>false</redirectTestOutputToFile>
+          <systemPropertyVariables>
+            <test.dir>${interop.datadir}</test.dir>
+          </systemPropertyVariables>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <!-- The project artifact to be tested -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>@project.version@</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Some tests expect the optional dependencies to be present -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
+      <artifactId>snappy-java</artifactId>
+      <version>@snappy.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.tukaani</groupId>
+      <artifactId>xz</artifactId>
+      <version>@tukaani.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.github.luben</groupId>
+      <artifactId>zstd-jni</artifactId>
+      <version>@zstd-jni.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- External test deps -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+      <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
+      <version>@hamcrest.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+      <version>@mockito.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java
similarity index 77%
rename from lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java
rename to lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java
index 60930156bba..afd867f97e4 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/check/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/DataFileInteropTest.java
@@ -19,35 +19,38 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
-import org.apache.avro.file.FileReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 
 public class DataFileInteropTest {
 
   private static final File DATAFILE_DIR = new File(System.getProperty("test.dir", "/tmp"));
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void printDir() {
     System.out.println("Reading data files from directory: " + DATAFILE_DIR.getAbsolutePath());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGeneratedGeneric() throws IOException {
+  void generatedGeneric() throws IOException {
     System.out.println("Reading with generic:");
     DatumReaderProvider<Object> provider = GenericDatumReader::new;
     readFiles(provider);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGeneratedSpecific() throws IOException {
+  void generatedSpecific() throws IOException {
     System.out.println("Reading with specific:");
     DatumReaderProvider<Interop> provider = SpecificDatumReader::new;
     readFiles(provider);
@@ -79,19 +82,26 @@ public void testGeneratedSpecific() throws IOException {
   private <T extends Object> void readFiles(DatumReaderProvider<T> provider) throws IOException {
     for (File f : Objects.requireNonNull(DATAFILE_DIR.listFiles())) {
       System.out.println("Reading: " + f.getName());
-      try (FileReader<? extends Object> reader = DataFileReader.openReader(f, provider.get())) {
+      try (DataFileReader<? extends Object> reader = (DataFileReader<? extends Object>) DataFileReader.openReader(f,
+          provider.get())) {
+
+        byte[] userMetadata = reader.getMeta("user_metadata");
+        if (userMetadata != null) {
+          assertArrayEquals("someByteArray".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), userMetadata);
+        }
+
         int i = 0;
         for (Object datum : reader) {
           i++;
-          Assert.assertNotNull(datum);
+          assertNotNull(datum);
         }
-        Assert.assertNotEquals(0, i);
+        assertNotEquals(0, i);
       }
     }
   }
 
   interface DatumReaderProvider<T extends Object> {
-    public DatumReader<T> get();
+    DatumReader<T> get();
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/generate/pom.xml b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/generate/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe1f1d3f4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/generate/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>nl.example.avro</groupId>
+  <artifactId>integration-test</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0</version>
+
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+  <name>IT : Generate Interop Data Test Files with Java @integrationTestingJDK@</name>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.build.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.outputEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
+
+    <main.basedir>../../../../../..</main.basedir>
+
+    <interop.inputschema>${main.basedir}/share/test/schemas/interop.avsc</interop.inputschema>
+    <interop.datadir>${main.basedir}/build/interop/data/</interop.datadir>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>../../src/test/resources</directory>
+      </testResource>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>@main.basedir@</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>share</include>
+        </includes>
+      </testResource>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>@main.basedir@/share/</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>schemas/**</include>
+          <include>test/**</include>
+        </includes>
+        <targetPath>share/</targetPath>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-toolchains-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@maven-toolchains-plugin.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <toolchains>
+            <jdk>
+              <version>@integrationTestingJDK@</version>
+            </jdk>
+          </toolchains>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@exec-plugin.version@</version>
+        <executions>
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using null codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-null-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using deflate codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-deflate-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@_deflate.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+                <argument>deflate</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using snappy codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-snappy-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@_snappy.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+                <argument>snappy</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using bzip2 codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-bzip2-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@_bzip2.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+                <argument>bzip2</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using xz codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-xz-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@_xz.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+                <argument>xz</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate random data for interop tests, using zstandard codec -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>interop-generate-zstandard-codec</id>
+            <phase>generate-resources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <mainClass>org.apache.avro.util.RandomData</mainClass>
+              <arguments>
+                <argument>${interop.inputschema}</argument>
+                <argument>${interop.datadir}/java_@integrationTestingJDK@_zstandard.avro</argument>
+                <argument>100</argument>
+                <argument>zstandard</argument>
+              </arguments>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals><goal>java</goal></goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <!-- The project artifact to be tested -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>@project.groupId@</groupId>
+      <artifactId>@project.artifactId@</artifactId>
+      <version>@project.version@</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Some tests expect the optional dependencies to be present -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
+      <artifactId>snappy-java</artifactId>
+      <version>@snappy.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.tukaani</groupId>
+      <artifactId>xz</artifactId>
+      <version>@tukaani.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.github.luben</groupId>
+      <artifactId>zstd-jni</artifactId>
+      <version>@zstd-jni.version@</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- External test deps -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>@junit5.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+      <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
+      <version>@hamcrest.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+      <version>@mockito.version@</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/settings.xml b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e3d2e38201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/interop-data-test/src/it/settings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<settings>
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>it-repo</id>
+      <activation>
+        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
+      </activation>
+      <repositories>
+        <repository>
+          <id>local.central</id>
+          <url>@localRepositoryUrl@</url>
+          <releases>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </releases>
+          <snapshots>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </snapshots>
+        </repository>
+      </repositories>
+      <pluginRepositories>
+        <pluginRepository>
+          <id>local.central</id>
+          <url>@localRepositoryUrl@</url>
+          <releases>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </releases>
+          <snapshots>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </snapshots>
+        </pluginRepository>
+      </pluginRepositories>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</settings>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/pom.xml b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/pom.xml
index 17adcf1c21b..f77e8425582 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-ipc-jetty</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestBulkData.java b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestBulkData.java
index c09919e70d2..befc60eee9e 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestBulkData.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestBulkData.java
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.SpecificRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.SpecificResponder;
 
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Random;
@@ -56,14 +57,14 @@ public ByteBuffer read() {
 
     @Override
     public void write(ByteBuffer data) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(SIZE, data.remaining());
+      assertEquals(SIZE, data.remaining());
     }
   }
 
   private static Server server;
   private static BulkData proxy;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void startServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -74,18 +75,18 @@ public void startServer() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead() throws IOException {
-    for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(SIZE, proxy.read().remaining());
+  void read() throws IOException {
+    for (long i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
+      assertEquals(SIZE, proxy.read().remaining());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWrite() throws IOException {
-    for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
+  void write() throws IOException {
+    for (long i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
       proxy.write(DATA.duplicate());
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void stopServer() throws Exception {
     server.close();
   }
@@ -95,11 +96,11 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     test.startServer();
     System.out.println("READ");
     long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-    test.testRead();
+    test.read();
     printStats(start);
     System.out.println("WRITE");
     start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-    test.testWrite();
+    test.write();
     printStats(start);
     test.stopServer();
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestProtocolHttp.java b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestProtocolHttp.java
index 4d0b6c83fbd..1c6c1401be0 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestProtocolHttp.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestProtocolHttp.java
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.jetty;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Simple;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
@@ -53,12 +53,13 @@ public Transceiver createTransceiver() throws Exception {
     return new HttpTransceiver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:" + server.getPort() + "/"));
   }
 
+  @Override
   protected int getExpectedHandshakeCount() {
     return REPEATING;
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimeout() throws Throwable {
+  void timeout() throws Throwable {
     ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(0);
     HttpTransceiver client = new HttpTransceiver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:" + s.getLocalPort() + "/"));
     client.setTimeout(100);
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public void testTimeout() throws Throwable {
       proxy.hello("foo");
       fail("Should have failed with an exception");
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
-      assertTrue("Got unwanted exception: " + e.getCause(), e.getCause() instanceof SocketTimeoutException);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof SocketTimeoutException, "Got unwanted exception: " + e.getCause());
     } finally {
       s.close();
     }
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ public void testTimeout() throws Throwable {
 
   /** Test that Responder ignores one-way with stateless transport. */
   @Test
-  public void testStatelessOneway() throws Exception {
+  void statelessOneway() throws Exception {
     // a version of the Simple protocol that doesn't declare "ack" one-way
     Protocol protocol = new Protocol("Simple", "org.apache.avro.test");
     Protocol.Message message = protocol.createMessage("ack", null, new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(),
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestStatsPluginAndServlet.java b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestStatsPluginAndServlet.java
index 3aa547d951f..33563f96dce 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestStatsPluginAndServlet.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-jetty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/jetty/TestStatsPluginAndServlet.java
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.jetty;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.StatsPlugin;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.StatsServlet;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestStatsPluginAndServlet {
   Protocol protocol = Protocol.parse("" + "{\"protocol\": \"Minimal\", " + "\"messages\": { \"m\": {"
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ private void makeRequest(Transceiver t) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFullServerPath() throws Exception {
+  void fullServerPath() throws Exception {
     Responder r = new TestResponder(protocol);
     StatsPlugin statsPlugin = new StatsPlugin();
     r.addRPCPlugin(statsPlugin);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public void testFullServerPath() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleRPCs() throws IOException {
+  void multipleRPCs() throws IOException {
     org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.FakeTicks t = new org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.FakeTicks();
     StatsPlugin statsPlugin = new StatsPlugin(t, StatsPlugin.LATENCY_SEGMENTER, StatsPlugin.PAYLOAD_SEGMENTER);
     RPCContext context1 = makeContext();
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public void testMultipleRPCs() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPayloadSize() throws Exception {
+  void payloadSize() throws Exception {
     Responder r = new TestResponder(protocol);
     StatsPlugin statsPlugin = new StatsPlugin();
     r.addRPCPlugin(statsPlugin);
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/pom.xml b/lang/java/ipc-netty/pom.xml
index 174849fd0c4..7f04359ffae 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-ipc-netty</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServer.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServer.java
index 0fa2b673bb8..1735dfcf098 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServer.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServer.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.Responder;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.Server;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.Transceiver;
@@ -39,11 +36,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.SpecificResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Mail;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Message;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestNettyServer {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestNettyServer.class.getName());
+
   static final int CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 2000; // 2 sec
   protected static Server server;
   protected static Transceiver transceiver;
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ public static void initializeConnections(Consumer<SocketChannel> initializer) th
 
   public static void initializeConnections(Consumer<SocketChannel> serverInitializer,
       Consumer<SocketChannel> transceiverInitializer) throws Exception {
-    System.out.println("starting server...");
+    LOG.info("starting server...");
     channelInitializer = transceiverInitializer;
     mailService = new MailImpl();
     Responder responder = new SpecificResponder(Mail.class, mailService);
@@ -92,37 +95,37 @@ public static void initializeConnections(Consumer<SocketChannel> serverInitializ
     server.start();
 
     int serverPort = server.getPort();
-    System.out.println("server port : " + serverPort);
+    LOG.info("server port : {}", serverPort);
 
     transceiver = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(serverPort), CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,
         transceiverInitializer, null);
     proxy = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Mail.class, transceiver);
   }
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     initializeConnections(null);
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void tearDownConnections() throws Exception {
     transceiver.close();
     server.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRequestResponse() throws Exception {
+  void requestResponse() throws Exception {
     for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
       verifyResponse(proxy.send(createMessage()));
     }
   }
 
   private void verifyResponse(String result) {
-    Assert.assertEquals("Sent message to [wife] from [husband] with body [I love you!]", result);
+    assertEquals("Sent message to [wife] from [husband] with body [I love you!]", result);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOneway() throws Exception {
+  void oneway() throws Exception {
     for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
       proxy.fireandforget(createMessage());
     }
@@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ public void testOneway() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMixtureOfRequests() throws Exception {
+  void mixtureOfRequests() throws Exception {
     mailService.reset();
     for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
       Message createMessage = createMessage();
@@ -144,24 +147,55 @@ public void testMixtureOfRequests() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConnectionsCount() throws Exception {
+  void connectionsCount() throws Exception {
+    // It happens on a regular basis that the server still has a connection
+    // that is in the process of being terminated (previous test?).
+    // We wait for that to happen because otherwise this test will fail.
+    assertNumberOfConnectionsOnServer(1, 1000);
+
     Transceiver transceiver2 = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(server.getPort()), CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,
         channelInitializer);
     Mail proxy2 = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Mail.class, transceiver2);
     proxy.fireandforget(createMessage());
     proxy2.fireandforget(createMessage());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, ((NettyServer) server).getNumActiveConnections());
+    assertNumberOfConnectionsOnServer(2, 0);
     transceiver2.close();
 
     // Check the active connections with some retries as closing at the client
     // side might not take effect on the server side immediately
+    assertNumberOfConnectionsOnServer(1, 5000);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert for the number of server connections. This does repeated checks (with
+   * timeout) if it not matches at first because closing at the client side might
+   * not take effect on the server side immediately.
+   *
+   * @param wantedNumberOfConnections How many do we want to have
+   * @param maxWaitMs                 Within how much time (0= immediately)
+   */
+  private static void assertNumberOfConnectionsOnServer(int wantedNumberOfConnections, long maxWaitMs)
+      throws InterruptedException {
     int numActiveConnections = ((NettyServer) server).getNumActiveConnections();
-    for (int i = 0; i < 50 && numActiveConnections == 2; ++i) {
-      System.out.println("Server still has 2 active connections; retrying...");
-      Thread.sleep(100);
-      numActiveConnections = ((NettyServer) server).getNumActiveConnections();
+    if (numActiveConnections == wantedNumberOfConnections) {
+      return; // We're good.
+    }
+    long startMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    long waited = 0;
+    if (maxWaitMs > 0) {
+      boolean timeOut = false;
+      while (numActiveConnections != wantedNumberOfConnections && !timeOut) {
+        LOG.info("Server still has {} active connections (want {}, waiting for {}ms); retrying...",
+            numActiveConnections, wantedNumberOfConnections, waited);
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        numActiveConnections = ((NettyServer) server).getNumActiveConnections();
+        waited = System.currentTimeMillis() - startMs;
+        timeOut = waited > maxWaitMs;
+      }
+      LOG.info("Server has {} active connections", numActiveConnections);
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, numActiveConnections);
+    assertEquals(wantedNumberOfConnections, numActiveConnections,
+        "Not the expected number of connections after a wait of " + waited + " ms");
   }
 
   private Message createMessage() {
@@ -171,7 +205,7 @@ private Message createMessage() {
 
   // send a malformed request (HTTP) to the NettyServer port
   @Test
-  public void testBadRequest() throws IOException {
+  void badRequest() throws IOException {
     int port = server.getPort();
     String msg = "GET /status HTTP/1.1\n\n";
     InetSocketAddress sockAddr = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", port);
@@ -183,7 +217,7 @@ public void testBadRequest() throws IOException {
       out.flush();
       byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
       int bytesRead = sock.getInputStream().read(buf);
-      Assert.assertTrue("Connection should have been closed: " + bytesRead, bytesRead == -1);
+      assertEquals(bytesRead, -1);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerConcurrentExecution.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerConcurrentExecution.java
index e5102f1f8fa..66621447be2 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerConcurrentExecution.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerConcurrentExecution.java
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.Simple;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestError;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 /**
  * Verifies that RPCs executed by different client threads using the same
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ public class TestNettyServerConcurrentExecution {
   private Server server;
   private Transceiver transceiver;
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void cleanUpAfter() throws Exception {
     try {
       if (transceiver != null) {
@@ -75,8 +77,9 @@ public void cleanUpAfter() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(timeout = 30000)
-  public void test() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  @Timeout(30000)
+  void test() throws Exception {
     final CountDownLatch waitLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
     server = new NettyServer(new SpecificResponder(Simple.class, new SimpleImpl(waitLatch)), new InetSocketAddress(0));
     server.start();
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ public void run() {
     String response = simpleClient.hello("wait");
 
     // 4. If control reaches here, both RPCs have executed concurrently
-    Assert.assertEquals("wait", response);
+    assertEquals("wait", response);
     Thread.sleep(2000);
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCallbacks.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCallbacks.java
index 8f73cc450e9..aaa2edbd75b 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCallbacks.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCallbacks.java
@@ -44,11 +44,18 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.Simple;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestError;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 /**
  * Tests asynchronous RPCs with Netty.
@@ -61,7 +68,7 @@ public class TestNettyServerWithCallbacks {
   private static final AtomicReference<CountDownLatch> ackLatch = new AtomicReference<>(new CountDownLatch(1));
   private static Simple simpleService = new SimpleImpl(ackFlag);
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     // start server
     Responder responder = new SpecificResponder(Simple.class, simpleService);
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     simpleClient = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.Callback.class, transceiver);
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void tearDownConnections() throws Exception {
     if (transceiver != null) {
       transceiver.close();
@@ -86,15 +93,15 @@ public static void tearDownConnections() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void greeting() throws Exception {
+  void greeting() throws Exception {
     // Test synchronous RPC:
-    Assert.assertEquals("Hello, how are you?", simpleClient.hello("how are you?"));
+    assertEquals("Hello, how are you?", simpleClient.hello("how are you?"));
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (future):
     CallFuture<String> future1 = new CallFuture<>();
     simpleClient.hello("World!", future1);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Hello, World!", future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future1.getError());
+    assertEquals("Hello, World!", future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future1.getError());
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (callback):
     final CallFuture<String> future2 = new CallFuture<>();
@@ -109,24 +116,24 @@ public void handleError(Throwable error) {
         future2.handleError(error);
       }
     });
-    Assert.assertEquals("Hello, what's up?", future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future2.getError());
+    assertEquals("Hello, what's up?", future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future2.getError());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void echo() throws Exception {
+  void echo() throws Exception {
     TestRecord record = TestRecord.newBuilder()
         .setHash(new org.apache.avro.test.MD5(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }))
         .setKind(org.apache.avro.test.Kind.FOO).setName("My Record").build();
 
     // Test synchronous RPC:
-    Assert.assertEquals(record, simpleClient.echo(record));
+    assertEquals(record, simpleClient.echo(record));
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (future):
     CallFuture<TestRecord> future1 = new CallFuture<>();
     simpleClient.echo(record, future1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(record, future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future1.getError());
+    assertEquals(record, future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future1.getError());
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (callback):
     final CallFuture<TestRecord> future2 = new CallFuture<>();
@@ -141,20 +148,20 @@ public void handleError(Throwable error) {
         future2.handleError(error);
       }
     });
-    Assert.assertEquals(record, future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future2.getError());
+    assertEquals(record, future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future2.getError());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void add() throws Exception {
+  void add() throws Exception {
     // Test synchronous RPC:
-    Assert.assertEquals(8, simpleClient.add(2, 6));
+    assertEquals(8, simpleClient.add(2, 6));
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (future):
     CallFuture<Integer> future1 = new CallFuture<>();
     simpleClient.add(8, 8, future1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(16), future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future1.getError());
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(16), future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future1.getError());
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (callback):
     final CallFuture<Integer> future2 = new CallFuture<>();
@@ -169,22 +176,22 @@ public void handleError(Throwable error) {
         future2.handleError(error);
       }
     });
-    Assert.assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(768), future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future2.getError());
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(768), future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future2.getError());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void echoBytes() throws Exception {
+  void echoBytes() throws Exception {
     ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 });
 
     // Test synchronous RPC:
-    Assert.assertEquals(byteBuffer, simpleClient.echoBytes(byteBuffer));
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer, simpleClient.echoBytes(byteBuffer));
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (future):
     CallFuture<ByteBuffer> future1 = new CallFuture<>();
     simpleClient.echoBytes(byteBuffer, future1);
-    Assert.assertEquals(byteBuffer, future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future1.getError());
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer, future1.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future1.getError());
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (callback):
     final CallFuture<ByteBuffer> future2 = new CallFuture<>();
@@ -199,16 +206,16 @@ public void handleError(Throwable error) {
         future2.handleError(error);
       }
     });
-    Assert.assertEquals(byteBuffer, future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNull(future2.getError());
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer, future2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertNull(future2.getError());
   }
 
-  @Test()
-  public void error() throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+  @Test
+  void error() throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
     // Test synchronous RPC:
     try {
       simpleClient.error();
-      Assert.fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
+      fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
     } catch (TestError e) {
       // Expected
     }
@@ -218,13 +225,13 @@ public void error() throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
     simpleClient.error(future);
     try {
       future.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-      Assert.fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName() + " to be thrown");
+      fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName() + " to be thrown");
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
-      Assert.assertTrue("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName(), e.getCause() instanceof TestError);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof TestError, "Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
     }
-    Assert.assertNotNull(future.getError());
-    Assert.assertTrue("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName(), future.getError() instanceof TestError);
-    Assert.assertNull(future.getResult());
+    assertNotNull(future.getError());
+    assertTrue(future.getError() instanceof TestError, "Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
+    assertNull(future.getResult());
 
     // Test asynchronous RPC (callback):
     final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
@@ -232,7 +239,7 @@ public void error() throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
     simpleClient.error(new Callback<Void>() {
       @Override
       public void handleResult(Void result) {
-        Assert.fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
+        fail("Expected " + TestError.class.getCanonicalName());
       }
 
       @Override
@@ -241,25 +248,25 @@ public void handleError(Throwable error) {
         latch.countDown();
       }
     });
-    Assert.assertTrue("Timed out waiting for error", latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    Assert.assertNotNull(errorRef.get());
-    Assert.assertTrue(errorRef.get() instanceof TestError);
+    assertTrue(latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS), "Timed out waiting for error");
+    assertNotNull(errorRef.get());
+    assertTrue(errorRef.get() instanceof TestError);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void ack() throws Exception {
+  void ack() throws Exception {
     simpleClient.ack();
     ackLatch.get().await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-    Assert.assertTrue("Expected ack flag to be set", ackFlag.get());
+    assertTrue(ackFlag.get(), "Expected ack flag to be set");
 
     ackLatch.set(new CountDownLatch(1));
     simpleClient.ack();
     ackLatch.get().await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-    Assert.assertFalse("Expected ack flag to be cleared", ackFlag.get());
+    assertFalse(ackFlag.get(), "Expected ack flag to be cleared");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
+  void sendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
     // Start up a second server so that closing the server doesn't
     // interfere with the other unit tests:
     Server server2 = new NettyServer(new SpecificResponder(Simple.class, simpleService), new InetSocketAddress(0));
@@ -273,12 +280,12 @@ public void testSendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
         Simple.Callback simpleClient2 = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.Callback.class, transceiver2);
 
         // Verify that connection works:
-        Assert.assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
 
         // Try again with callbacks:
         CallFuture<Integer> addFuture = new CallFuture<>();
         simpleClient2.add(1, 2, addFuture);
-        Assert.assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(3), addFuture.get());
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(3), addFuture.get());
 
         // Shut down server:
         server2.close();
@@ -289,15 +296,15 @@ public void testSendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
         boolean ioeCaught = false;
         try {
           simpleClient2.add(1, 2);
-          Assert.fail("Send after server close should have thrown Exception");
+          fail("Send after server close should have thrown Exception");
         } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
           ioeCaught = e.getCause() instanceof IOException;
-          Assert.assertTrue("Expected IOException", ioeCaught);
+          assertTrue(ioeCaught, "Expected IOException");
         } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw e;
         }
-        Assert.assertTrue("Expected IOException", ioeCaught);
+        assertTrue(ioeCaught, "Expected IOException");
 
         // Send a new RPC with callback, and verify that the correct Exception
         // is thrown:
@@ -306,14 +313,14 @@ public void testSendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
           addFuture = new CallFuture<>();
           simpleClient2.add(1, 2, addFuture);
           addFuture.get();
-          Assert.fail("Send after server close should have thrown Exception");
+          fail("Send after server close should have thrown Exception");
         } catch (IOException e) {
           ioeCaught = true;
         } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           throw e;
         }
-        Assert.assertTrue("Expected IOException", ioeCaught);
+        assertTrue(ioeCaught, "Expected IOException");
       }
     } finally {
       server2.close();
@@ -321,7 +328,7 @@ public void testSendAfterChannelClose() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void cancelPendingRequestsOnTransceiverClose() throws Exception {
+  void cancelPendingRequestsOnTransceiverClose() throws Exception {
     // Start up a second server so that closing the server doesn't
     // interfere with the other unit tests:
     BlockingSimpleImpl blockingSimpleImpl = new BlockingSimpleImpl();
@@ -337,7 +344,7 @@ public void cancelPendingRequestsOnTransceiverClose() throws Exception {
         Simple.Callback simpleClient2 = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.Callback.class, transceiver2);
 
         // The first call has to block for the handshake:
-        Assert.assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
 
         // Now acquire the semaphore so that the server will block:
         blockingSimpleImpl.acquireRunPermit();
@@ -350,20 +357,21 @@ public void cancelPendingRequestsOnTransceiverClose() throws Exception {
         addFuture.get();
       } catch (ExecutionException e) {
         ioeThrown = e.getCause() instanceof IOException;
-        Assert.assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IOException);
+        assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IOException);
       } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
-        Assert.fail("Unexpected Exception: " + e.toString());
+        fail("Unexpected Exception: " + e.toString());
       }
-      Assert.assertTrue("Expected IOException to be thrown", ioeThrown);
+      assertTrue(ioeThrown, "Expected IOException to be thrown");
     } finally {
       blockingSimpleImpl.releaseRunPermit();
       server2.close();
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(timeout = 20000)
-  public void cancelPendingRequestsAfterChannelCloseByServerShutdown() throws Throwable {
+  @Test
+  @Timeout(20000)
+  void cancelPendingRequestsAfterChannelCloseByServerShutdown() throws Throwable {
     // The purpose of this test is to verify that a client doesn't stay
     // blocked when a server is unexpectedly killed (or when for some
     // other reason the channel is suddenly closed) while the server
@@ -398,7 +406,7 @@ public void cancelPendingRequestsAfterChannelCloseByServerShutdown() throws Thro
       Future<?> clientFuture = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(() -> {
         try {
           simpleClient2.add(3, 4);
-          Assert.fail("Expected an exception");
+          fail("Expected an exception");
         } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
           // expected
@@ -423,7 +431,7 @@ public void cancelPendingRequestsAfterChannelCloseByServerShutdown() throws Thro
       } catch (ExecutionException e) {
         throw e.getCause();
       } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-        Assert.fail("Client request should not be blocked on server shutdown");
+        fail("Client request should not be blocked on server shutdown");
       }
 
     } finally {
@@ -435,7 +443,7 @@ public void cancelPendingRequestsAfterChannelCloseByServerShutdown() throws Thro
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void clientReconnectAfterServerRestart() throws Exception {
+  void clientReconnectAfterServerRestart() throws Exception {
     // Start up a second server so that closing the server doesn't
     // interfere with the other unit tests:
     SimpleImpl simpleImpl = new BlockingSimpleImpl();
@@ -449,13 +457,13 @@ public void clientReconnectAfterServerRestart() throws Exception {
       Transceiver transceiver2 = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(serverPort),
           TestNettyServer.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
       Simple.Callback simpleClient2 = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.Callback.class, transceiver2);
-      Assert.assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
+      assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
 
       // Restart the server:
       server2.close();
       try {
         simpleClient2.add(2, -1);
-        Assert.fail("Client should not be able to invoke RPCs " + "because server is no longer running");
+        fail("Client should not be able to invoke RPCs " + "because server is no longer running");
       } catch (Exception e) {
         // Expected since server is no longer running
       }
@@ -465,15 +473,15 @@ public void clientReconnectAfterServerRestart() throws Exception {
 
       // Invoke an RPC using the same client, which should reestablish the
       // connection to the server:
-      Assert.assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
+      assertEquals(3, simpleClient2.add(1, 2));
     } finally {
       server2.close();
     }
   }
 
-  @Ignore
+  @Disabled
   @Test
-  public void performanceTest() throws Exception {
+  void performanceTest() throws Exception {
     final int threadCount = 8;
     final long runTimeMillis = 10 * 1000L;
     ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
@@ -489,7 +497,7 @@ public void performanceTest() throws Exception {
           startLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
           while (runFlag.get()) {
             rpcCount.incrementAndGet();
-            Assert.assertEquals("Hello, World!", simpleClient.hello("World!"));
+            assertEquals("Hello, World!", simpleClient.hello("World!"));
           }
         } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
@@ -501,7 +509,7 @@ public void performanceTest() throws Exception {
     Thread.sleep(runTimeMillis);
     runFlag.set(false);
     threadPool.shutdown();
-    Assert.assertTrue("Timed out shutting down thread pool", threadPool.awaitTermination(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    assertTrue(threadPool.awaitTermination(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS), "Timed out shutting down thread pool");
     System.out.println("Completed " + rpcCount.get() + " RPCs in " + runTimeMillis + "ms => "
         + (((double) rpcCount.get() / (double) runTimeMillis) * 1000) + " RPCs/sec, "
         + ((double) runTimeMillis / (double) rpcCount.get()) + " ms/RPC.");
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCompression.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCompression.java
index 1de68ec7364..3b6a2b41ef8 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCompression.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithCompression.java
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
 
 import io.netty.handler.codec.compression.JdkZlibDecoder;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.compression.JdkZlibEncoder;
 
 public class TestNettyServerWithCompression extends TestNettyServer {
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     initializeConnections(ch -> {
       ch.pipeline().addFirst("deflater", new JdkZlibEncoder(6));
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     });
   }
 
-  @Ignore
+  @Disabled
   @Override
-  public void testBadRequest() throws IOException {
+  public void badRequest() throws IOException {
     // this tests in the base class needs to be skipped
     // as the decompression/compression algorithms will write the gzip header out
     // prior to the stream closing so the stream is not completely empty
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithSSL.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithSSL.java
index 2e9651bcb39..aafdd4f607a 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithSSL.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyServerWithSSL.java
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.netty;
 
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.security.KeyStore;
 import java.security.Security;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
@@ -27,15 +31,16 @@
 import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
 import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
 
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+
 public class TestNettyServerWithSSL extends TestNettyServer {
-  public static final String TEST_CERTIFICATE = "servercert.p12";
-  public static final String TEST_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD = "s3cret";
+  private static final String TEST_CERTIFICATE = "servercert.p12";
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  private static final String TEST_CERTIFICATE_FILEPASS = "serverpass.txt";
+
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void initializeConnections() throws Exception {
     initializeConnections(ch -> {
       SSLEngine sslEngine = createServerSSLContext().createSSLEngine();
@@ -80,12 +85,11 @@ public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
   private static SSLContext createServerSSLContext() {
     try {
       KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
-      ks.load(TestNettyServer.class.getResource(TEST_CERTIFICATE).openStream(),
-          TEST_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
+      ks.load(TestNettyServer.class.getResource(TEST_CERTIFICATE).openStream(), getPass());
 
       // Set up key manager factory to use our key store
       KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(getAlgorithm());
-      kmf.init(ks, TEST_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
+      kmf.init(ks, getPass());
 
       SSLContext serverContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
       serverContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
@@ -95,6 +99,16 @@ private static SSLContext createServerSSLContext() {
     }
   }
 
+  private static char[] getPass() {
+    final File passFile = new File(TestNettyServer.class.getResource(TEST_CERTIFICATE_FILEPASS).getPath());
+    try {
+      final String pass = Files.readAllLines(passFile.toPath()).get(0);
+      return pass.toCharArray();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new Error("Failed to open pass file", e);
+    }
+  }
+
   private static String getAlgorithm() {
     String algorithm = Security.getProperty("ssl.KeyManagerFactory.algorithm");
     if (algorithm == null) {
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenFailsToConnect.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenFailsToConnect.java
index 1ce9dbe3d38..55add46f9cd 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenFailsToConnect.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenFailsToConnect.java
@@ -19,10 +19,14 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.Transceiver;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
 
@@ -35,16 +39,18 @@
 public class TestNettyTransceiverWhenFailsToConnect {
   SocketChannel channel = null;
 
-  @Test(expected = IOException.class)
-  public void testNettyTransceiverReleasesNettyChannelOnFailingToConnect() throws Exception {
-    try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
-      try (Transceiver t = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(serverSocket.getLocalPort()), 1, c -> {
-        channel = c;
-      })) {
-        Assert.fail("should have thrown an exception");
+  @Test
+  void nettyTransceiverReleasesNettyChannelOnFailingToConnect() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+      try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
+        try (Transceiver t = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(serverSocket.getLocalPort()), 0, c -> {
+          channel = c;
+        })) {
+          fail("should have thrown an exception");
+        }
+      } finally {
+        assertTrue(channel == null || channel.isShutdown(), "Channel not shut down");
       }
-    } finally {
-      Assert.assertTrue("Channel not shut down", channel == null || channel.isShutdown());
-    }
+    });
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops.java b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops.java
index a659f5a9c57..4276b06929b 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/TestNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.Message;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
 public class TestNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops {
 //  @Test                                           // disable flakey test!
   public void testNettyTransceiverWhenServerStops() throws Exception {
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/serverpass.txt b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/serverpass.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a55f9196cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/resources/org/apache/avro/ipc/netty/serverpass.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+s3cret
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/pom.xml b/lang/java/ipc/pom.xml
index 223479f9908..b6fdca75011 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-ipc</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/StatsServlet.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/StatsServlet.java
index d12bafe2192..38c0bb2fe03 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/StatsServlet.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/StatsServlet.java
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ public StatsServlet(StatsPlugin statsPlugin) throws UnavailableException {
     this.velocityEngine = new VelocityEngine();
 
     // These two properties tell Velocity to use its own classpath-based loader
-    velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loader", "class");
-    velocityEngine.addProperty("class.resource.loader.class",
+    velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loaders", "class");
+    velocityEngine.addProperty("resource.loader.class.class",
         "org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.ClasspathResourceLoader");
 
-    velocityEngine.setProperty("runtime.references.strict", true);
+    velocityEngine.setProperty("runtime.strict_mode.enable", true);
     String logChuteName = "org.apache.velocity.runtime.log.NullLogChute";
     velocityEngine.setProperty("runtime.log.logsystem.class", logChuteName);
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/jquery-1.4.2.min.js b/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/jquery-1.4.2.min.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 320e6d4ab66..00000000000
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/jquery-1.4.2.min.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-/*!
- * jQuery JavaScript Library v1.4.2
- * https://jquery.com/
- *
- * Copyright 2010, John Resig
- * Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
- * https://jquery.org/license
- *
- * Includes Sizzle.js
- * https://sizzlejs.com/
- * Copyright 2010, The Dojo Foundation
- * Released under the MIT, BSD, and GPL Licenses.
- *
- * Date: Sat Feb 13 22:33:48 2010 -0500
- */
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c+d*a},swing:function(a,b,c,d){return(-Math.cos(a*Math.PI)/2+.5)*d+c}},timers:[],fx:function(a,b,c){this.options=b,this.elem=a,this.prop=c,b.orig=b.orig||{}}}),f.fx.prototype={update:function(){this.options.step&&this.options.step.call(this.elem,this.now,this),(f.fx.step[this.prop]||f.fx.step._default)(this)},cur:function(){if(this.elem[this.prop]!=null&&(!this.elem.style||this.elem.style[this.prop]==null))return this.elem[this.prop];var a,b=f.css(this.elem,this.prop);return isNaN(a=parseFloat(b))?!b||b==="auto"?0:b:a},custom:function(a,b,c){function g(a){return d.step(a)}var 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b=this[0],c;if(a)return this.each(function(b){f.offset.setOffset(this,a,b)});if(!b||!b.ownerDocument)return null;if(b===b.ownerDocument.body)return f.offset.bodyOffset(b);try{c=b.getBoundingClientRect()}catch(d){}var e=b.ownerDocument,g=e.documentElement;if(!c||!f.contains(g,b))return c?{top:c.top,left:c.left}:{top:0,left:0};var h=e.body,i=cu(e),j=g.clientTop||h.clientTop||0,k=g.clientLeft||h.clientLeft||0,l=i.pageYOffset||f.support.boxModel&&g.scrollTop||h.scrollTop,m=i.pageXOffset||f.support.boxModel&&g.scrollLeft||h.scrollLeft,n=c.top+l-j,o=c.left+m-k;return{top:n,left:o}}:f.fn.offset=function(a){var b=this[0];if(a)return this.each(function(b){f.offset.setOffset(this,a,b)});if(!b||!b.ownerDocument)return null;if(b===b.ownerDocument.body)return f.offset.bodyOffset(b);f.offset.initialize();var c,d=b.offsetParent,e=b,g=b.ownerDocument,h=g.documentElement,i=g.body,j=g.defaultView,k=j?j.getComputedStyle(b,null):b.currentStyle,l=b.offsetTop,m=b.offsetLeft;while((b=b.parentNode)&&b!==i&&b!==h){if(f.offset.supportsFixedPosition&&k.position==="fixed")break;c=j?j.getComputedStyle(b,null):b.currentStyle,l-=b.scrollTop,m-=b.scrollLeft,b===d&&(l+=b.offsetTop,m+=b.offsetLeft,f.offset.doesNotAddBorder&&(!f.offset.doesAddBorderForTableAndCells||!cs.test(b.nodeName))&&(l+=parseFloat(c.borderTopWidth)||0,m+=parseFloat(c.borderLeftWidth)||0),e=d,d=b.offsetParent),f.offset.subtractsBorderForOverflowNotVisible&&c.overflow!=="visible"&&(l+=parseFloat(c.borderTopWidth)||0,m+=parseFloat(c.borderLeftWidth)||0),k=c}if(k.position==="relative"||k.position==="static")l+=i.offsetTop,m+=i.offsetLeft;f.offset.supportsFixedPosition&&k.position==="fixed"&&(l+=Math.max(h.scrollTop,i.scrollTop),m+=Math.max(h.scrollLeft,i.scrollLeft));return{top:l,left:m}},f.offset={initialize:function(){var a=c.body,b=c.createElement("div"),d,e,g,h,i=parseFloat(f.css(a,"marginTop"))||0,j="<div style='position:absolute;top:0;left:0;margin:0;border:5px solid #000;padding:0;width:1px;height:1px;'><div></div></div><table style='position:absolute;top:0;left:0;margin:0;border:5px solid #000;padding:0;width:1px;height:1px;' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0'><tr><td></td></tr></table>";f.extend(b.style,{position:"absolute",top:0,left:0,margin:0,border:0,width:"1px",height:"1px",visibility:"hidden"}),b.innerHTML=j,a.insertBefore(b,a.firstChild),d=b.firstChild,e=d.firstChild,h=d.nextSibling.firstChild.firstChild,this.doesNotAddBorder=e.offsetTop!==5,this.doesAddBorderForTableAndCells=h.offsetTop===5,e.style.position="fixed",e.style.top="20px",this.supportsFixedPosition=e.offsetTop===20||e.offsetTop===15,e.style.position=e.style.top="",d.style.overflow="hidden",d.style.position="relative",this.subtractsBorderForOverflowNotVisible=e.offsetTop===-5,this.doesNotIncludeMarginInBodyOffset=a.offsetTop!==i,a.removeChild(b),f.offset.initialize=f.noop},bodyOffset:function(a){var b=a.offsetTop,c=a.offsetLeft;f.offset.initialize(),f.offset.doesNotIncludeMarginInBodyOffset&&(b+=parseFloat(f.css(a,"marginTop"))||0,c+=parseFloat(f.css(a,"marginLeft"))||0);return{top:b,left:c}},setOffset:function(a,b,c){var d=f.css(a,"position");d==="static"&&(a.style.position="relative");var e=f(a),g=e.offset(),h=f.css(a,"top"),i=f.css(a,"left"),j=(d==="absolute"||d==="fixed")&&f.inArray("auto",[h,i])>-1,k={},l={},m,n;j?(l=e.position(),m=l.top,n=l.left):(m=parseFloat(h)||0,n=parseFloat(i)||0),f.isFunction(b)&&(b=b.call(a,c,g)),b.top!=null&&(k.top=b.top-g.top+m),b.left!=null&&(k.left=b.left-g.left+n),"using"in b?b.using.call(a,k):e.css(k)}},f.fn.extend({position:function(){if(!this[0])return null;var a=this[0],b=this.offsetParent(),c=this.offset(),d=ct.test(b[0].nodeName)?{top:0,left:0}:b.offset();c.top-=parseFloat(f.css(a,"marginTop"))||0,c.left-=parseFloat(f.css(a,"marginLeft"))||0,d.top+=parseFloat(f.css(b[0],"borderTopWidth"))||0,d.left+=parseFloat(f.css(b[0],"borderLeftWidth"))||0;return{top:c.top-d.top,left:c.left-d.left}},offsetParent:function(){return this.map(function(){var a=this.offsetParent||c.body;while(a&&!ct.test(a.nodeName)&&f.css(a,"position")==="static")a=a.offsetParent;return a})}}),f.each(["Left","Top"],function(a,c){var d="scroll"+c;f.fn[d]=function(c){var e,g;if(c===b){e=this[0];if(!e)return null;g=cu(e);return g?"pageXOffset"in g?g[a?"pageYOffset":"pageXOffset"]:f.support.boxModel&&g.document.documentElement[d]||g.document.body[d]:e[d]}return this.each(function(){g=cu(this),g?g.scrollTo(a?f(g).scrollLeft():c,a?c:f(g).scrollTop()):this[d]=c})}}),f.each(["Height","Width"],function(a,c){var d=c.toLowerCase();f.fn["inner"+c]=function(){var a=this[0];return a&&a.style?parseFloat(f.css(a,d,"padding")):null},f.fn["outer"+c]=function(a){var b=this[0];return b&&b.style?parseFloat(f.css(b,d,a?"margin":"border")):null},f.fn[d]=function(a){var e=this[0];if(!e)return a==null?null:this;if(f.isFunction(a))return this.each(function(b){var c=f(this);c[d](a.call(this,b,c[d]()))});if(f.isWindow(e)){var g=e.document.documentElement["client"+c],h=e.document.body;return e.document.compatMode==="CSS1Compat"&&g||h&&h["client"+c]||g}if(e.nodeType===9)return Math.max(e.documentElement["client"+c],e.body["scroll"+c],e.documentElement["scroll"+c],e.body["offset"+c],e.documentElement["offset"+c]);if(a===b){var i=f.css(e,d),j=parseFloat(i);return f.isNaN(j)?i:j}return this.css(d,typeof a=="string"?a:a+"px")}}),a.jQuery=a.$=f})(window);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/templates/statsview.vm b/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/templates/statsview.vm
index 099319c5c62..1e9659b0b0f 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/templates/statsview.vm
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/templates/statsview.vm
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 <title>$title</title>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="static/protovis-r3.2.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="static/tipsy.js"></script>
-<script src="static/jquery-1.4.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+<script src="static/jquery-1.6.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <script src="static/jquery.tipsy.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <script src="static/tipsy.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <link href="static/tipsy.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
@@ -95,4 +95,4 @@
     #end
 
 </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/RPCMetaTestPlugin.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/RPCMetaTestPlugin.java
index 3723439ae60..ab222c31bb1 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/RPCMetaTestPlugin.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/RPCMetaTestPlugin.java
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.RPCContext;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.RPCPlugin;
 
@@ -51,24 +51,24 @@ public void clientStartConnect(RPCContext context) {
   @Override
   public void serverConnecting(RPCContext context) {
 
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.requestHandshakeMeta());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.responseHandshakeMeta());
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getRequestPayload());
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
+    assertNotNull(context.requestHandshakeMeta());
+    assertNotNull(context.responseHandshakeMeta());
+    assertNull(context.getRequestPayload());
+    assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
 
     if (!context.requestHandshakeMeta().containsKey(key))
       return;
 
     ByteBuffer buf = context.requestHandshakeMeta().get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf.array());
+    assertNotNull(buf);
+    assertNotNull(buf.array());
 
     String partialstr = new String(buf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(partialstr);
-    Assert.assertEquals("partial string mismatch", "ap", partialstr);
+    assertNotNull(partialstr);
+    assertEquals("ap", partialstr, "partial string mismatch");
 
     buf = ByteBuffer.wrap((partialstr + "ac").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    Assert.assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
     context.responseHandshakeMeta().put(key, buf);
   }
 
@@ -76,23 +76,23 @@ public void serverConnecting(RPCContext context) {
   public void clientFinishConnect(RPCContext context) {
     Map<String, ByteBuffer> handshakeMeta = context.responseHandshakeMeta();
 
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getRequestPayload());
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(handshakeMeta);
+    assertNull(context.getRequestPayload());
+    assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
+    assertNotNull(handshakeMeta);
 
     if (!handshakeMeta.containsKey(key))
       return;
 
     ByteBuffer buf = handshakeMeta.get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf.array());
+    assertNotNull(buf);
+    assertNotNull(buf.array());
 
     String partialstr = new String(buf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(partialstr);
-    Assert.assertEquals("partial string mismatch", "apac", partialstr);
+    assertNotNull(partialstr);
+    assertEquals("apac", partialstr, "partial string mismatch");
 
     buf = ByteBuffer.wrap((partialstr + "he").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    Assert.assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
     handshakeMeta.put(key, buf);
 
     checkRPCMetaMap(handshakeMeta);
@@ -102,91 +102,91 @@ public void clientFinishConnect(RPCContext context) {
   public void clientSendRequest(RPCContext context) {
     ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap("ap".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     context.requestCallMeta().put(key, buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.getMessage());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.getRequestPayload());
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
+    assertNotNull(context.getMessage());
+    assertNotNull(context.getRequestPayload());
+    assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
   }
 
   @Override
   public void serverReceiveRequest(RPCContext context) {
     Map<String, ByteBuffer> meta = context.requestCallMeta();
 
-    Assert.assertNotNull(meta);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.getMessage());
-    Assert.assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
+    assertNotNull(meta);
+    assertNotNull(context.getMessage());
+    assertNull(context.getResponsePayload());
 
     if (!meta.containsKey(key))
       return;
 
     ByteBuffer buf = meta.get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf.array());
+    assertNotNull(buf);
+    assertNotNull(buf.array());
 
     String partialstr = new String(buf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(partialstr);
-    Assert.assertEquals("partial string mismatch", "ap", partialstr);
+    assertNotNull(partialstr);
+    assertEquals("ap", partialstr, "partial string mismatch");
 
     buf = ByteBuffer.wrap((partialstr + "a").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    Assert.assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
     meta.put(key, buf);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void serverSendResponse(RPCContext context) {
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.requestCallMeta());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.responseCallMeta());
+    assertNotNull(context.requestCallMeta());
+    assertNotNull(context.responseCallMeta());
 
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.getResponsePayload());
+    assertNotNull(context.getResponsePayload());
 
     if (!context.requestCallMeta().containsKey(key))
       return;
 
     ByteBuffer buf = context.requestCallMeta().get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf.array());
+    assertNotNull(buf);
+    assertNotNull(buf.array());
 
     String partialstr = new String(buf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(partialstr);
-    Assert.assertEquals("partial string mismatch", "apa", partialstr);
+    assertNotNull(partialstr);
+    assertEquals("apa", partialstr, "partial string mismatch");
 
     buf = ByteBuffer.wrap((partialstr + "c").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    Assert.assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
     context.responseCallMeta().put(key, buf);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void clientReceiveResponse(RPCContext context) {
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.responseCallMeta());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(context.getRequestPayload());
+    assertNotNull(context.responseCallMeta());
+    assertNotNull(context.getRequestPayload());
 
     if (!context.responseCallMeta().containsKey(key))
       return;
 
     ByteBuffer buf = context.responseCallMeta().get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(buf.array());
+    assertNotNull(buf);
+    assertNotNull(buf.array());
 
     String partialstr = new String(buf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(partialstr);
-    Assert.assertEquals("partial string mismatch", "apac", partialstr);
+    assertNotNull(partialstr);
+    assertEquals("apac", partialstr, "partial string mismatch");
 
     buf = ByteBuffer.wrap((partialstr + "he").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    Assert.assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertTrue(buf.remaining() > 0);
     context.responseCallMeta().put(key, buf);
 
     checkRPCMetaMap(context.responseCallMeta());
   }
 
   protected void checkRPCMetaMap(Map<String, ByteBuffer> rpcMeta) {
-    Assert.assertNotNull(rpcMeta);
-    Assert.assertTrue("key not present in map", rpcMeta.containsKey(key));
+    assertNotNull(rpcMeta);
+    assertTrue(rpcMeta.containsKey(key), "key not present in map");
 
     ByteBuffer keybuf = rpcMeta.get(key);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(keybuf);
-    Assert.assertTrue("key BB had nothing remaining", keybuf.remaining() > 0);
+    assertNotNull(keybuf);
+    assertTrue(keybuf.remaining() > 0, "key BB had nothing remaining");
 
     String str = new String(keybuf.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    Assert.assertEquals("apache", str);
+    assertEquals("apache", str);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCompare.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCompare.java
index e56138f29ef..ccd2071307d 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCompare.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestCompare.java
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
@@ -42,19 +43,19 @@
 public class TestCompare {
 
   @Test
-  public void testNull() throws Exception {
+  void testNull() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse("\"null\"");
     byte[] b = render(null, schema, new GenericDatumWriter<>());
     assertEquals(0, BinaryData.compare(b, 0, b, 0, schema));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBoolean() throws Exception {
+  void testBoolean() throws Exception {
     check("\"boolean\"", Boolean.FALSE, Boolean.TRUE);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testString() throws Exception {
+  void string() throws Exception {
     check("\"string\"", new Utf8(""), new Utf8("a"));
     check("\"string\"", new Utf8("a"), new Utf8("b"));
     check("\"string\"", new Utf8("a"), new Utf8("ab"));
@@ -62,38 +63,38 @@ public void testString() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytes() throws Exception {
+  void bytes() throws Exception {
     check("\"bytes\"", ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {}), ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 1 }));
     check("\"bytes\"", ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 1 }), ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 2 }));
     check("\"bytes\"", ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 1, 2 }), ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 2 }));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+  void testInt() throws Exception {
     check("\"int\"", -1, 0);
     check("\"int\"", 0, 1);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+  void testLong() throws Exception {
     check("\"long\"", 11L, 12L);
     check("\"long\"", (long) -1, 1L);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() throws Exception {
+  void testFloat() throws Exception {
     check("\"float\"", 1.1f, 1.2f);
     check("\"float\"", (float) -1.1, 1.0f);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDouble() throws Exception {
+  void testDouble() throws Exception {
     check("\"double\"", 1.2, 1.3);
     check("\"double\"", -1.2, 1.3);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArray() throws Exception {
+  void array() throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     GenericArray<Long> a1 = new GenericData.Array<>(1, schema);
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ public void testArray() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecord() throws Exception {
+  void record() throws Exception {
     String fields = " \"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"int\",\"order\":\"ignore\"},"
         + "{\"name\":\"g\",\"type\":\"int\",\"order\":\"descending\"}," + "{\"name\":\"h\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}";
     String recordJson = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Test\"," + fields;
@@ -134,14 +135,14 @@ public void testRecord() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnum() throws Exception {
+  void testEnum() throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"enum\", \"name\":\"Test\",\"symbols\": [\"A\", \"B\"]}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     check(json, new GenericData.EnumSymbol(schema, "A"), new GenericData.EnumSymbol(schema, "B"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixed() throws Exception {
+  void fixed() throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\":\"Test\", \"size\": 1}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     check(json, new GenericData.Fixed(schema, new byte[] { (byte) 'a' }),
@@ -149,14 +150,14 @@ public void testFixed() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnion() throws Exception {
+  void union() throws Exception {
     check("[\"string\", \"long\"]", new Utf8("a"), new Utf8("b"), false);
     check("[\"string\", \"long\"]", 1L, 2L, false);
     check("[\"string\", \"long\"]", new Utf8("a"), 1L, false);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificRecord() throws Exception {
+  void specificRecord() throws Exception {
     TestRecord s1 = new TestRecord();
     TestRecord s2 = new TestRecord();
     s1.setName("foo");
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileSpecific.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileSpecific.java
index 0918446a1cf..f591e9e16c5 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileSpecific.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestDataFileSpecific.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -26,24 +28,21 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestDataFileSpecific {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   /*
    * Test when using SpecificDatumReader<T>() constructor to read from a file with
    * a different schema that both reader & writer schemas are found.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificDatumReaderDefaultCtor() throws IOException {
-    File file = new File(DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "testSpecificDatumReaderDefaultCtor");
+  void specificDatumReaderDefaultCtor() throws IOException {
+    File file = new File(DIR.getPath(), "testSpecificDatumReaderDefaultCtor");
 
     // like the specific Foo, but with another field
     Schema s1 = new Schema.Parser()
@@ -65,9 +64,9 @@ public void testSpecificDatumReaderDefaultCtor() throws IOException {
     try (DataFileReader<Foo> reader = new DataFileReader<>(file, new SpecificDatumReader<>())) {
       int i = 0;
       for (Foo f : reader) {
-        Assert.assertEquals("" + (i++), f.getLabel());
+        assertEquals("" + (i++), f.getLabel());
       }
-      Assert.assertEquals(10, i);
+      assertEquals(10, i);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceReflect.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceReflect.java
index 972b59a8638..13103d990b6 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceReflect.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceReflect.java
@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.test.namespace.TestNamespace;
-import org.junit.Before;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+
 public class TestNamespaceReflect extends TestNamespaceSpecific {
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   @Override
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceSpecific.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceSpecific.java
index 59aea92c3f6..97c04c27676 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceSpecific.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestNamespaceSpecific.java
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.util.MD5;
 import org.apache.avro.test.errors.TestError;
 import org.apache.avro.test.namespace.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public void error() throws TestError {
   protected static Transceiver client;
   protected static TestNamespace proxy;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEcho() throws IOException {
+  void echo() throws IOException {
     TestRecord record = new TestRecord();
     record.setHash(new MD5(new byte[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }));
     TestRecord echoed = proxy.echo(record);
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ public void testEcho() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testError() throws IOException {
+  void error() throws IOException {
     TestError error = null;
     try {
       proxy.error();
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ public void testError() throws IOException {
     assertEquals("an error", error.getMessage$());
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testStopServer() throws IOException {
     client.close();
     server.close();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGeneric.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGeneric.java
index db7bcceb746..62405d4db79 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGeneric.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGeneric.java
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public Object respond(Message message, Object request) throws AvroRemoteExceptio
   protected static Transceiver client;
   protected static GenericRequestor requestor;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHello() throws Exception {
+  void hello() throws Exception {
     GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("hello").getRequest());
     params.put("greeting", new Utf8("bob"));
     Utf8 response = (Utf8) requestor.request("hello", params);
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public void testHello() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEcho() throws Exception {
+  void echo() throws Exception {
     GenericRecord record = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getType("TestRecord"));
     record.put("name", new Utf8("foo"));
     record.put("kind", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(PROTOCOL.getType("Kind"), "BAR"));
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public void testEcho() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEchoBytes() throws Exception {
+  void echoBytes() throws Exception {
     Random random = new Random();
     int length = random.nextInt(1024 * 16);
     GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("echoBytes").getRequest());
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public void testEchoBytes() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testError() throws Exception {
+  void error() throws Exception {
     GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("error").getRequest());
     AvroRemoteException error = null;
     try {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public void testError() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
+  void undeclaredError() throws Exception {
     this.throwUndeclaredError = true;
     RuntimeException error = null;
     GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("error").getRequest());
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
     assertTrue(error.toString().contains("foo"));
   }
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * Construct and use a different protocol whose "hello" method has an extra
    * argument to check that schema is sent to parse request.
    */
-  public void testHandshake() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  public void handshake() throws Exception {
     Protocol protocol = new Protocol("Simple", "org.apache.avro.test");
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     fields.add(new Schema.Field("extra", Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN), null, null));
@@ -198,12 +198,12 @@ public void testHandshake() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * Construct and use a different protocol whose "echo" response has an extra
    * field to check that correct schema is used to parse response.
    */
-  public void testResponseChange() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  public void responseChange() throws Exception {
 
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Field f : PROTOCOL.getType("TestRecord").getFields())
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public void testResponseChange() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testStopServer() throws Exception {
     client.close();
     server.close();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGenericMeta.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGenericMeta.java
index 00dde8912bd..fcd1054d304 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGenericMeta.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolGenericMeta.java
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.SocketServer;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.SocketTransceiver;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericRequestor;
-import org.junit.Before;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 
 public class TestProtocolGenericMeta extends TestProtocolGeneric {
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   @Override
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolParsing.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolParsing.java
index 3bc8c0d9664..8e8cceb081c 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolParsing.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolParsing.java
@@ -17,14 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol.Message;
 
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ public static Protocol getSimpleProtocol() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testParsing() throws IOException {
+  void parsing() throws IOException {
     Protocol protocol = getSimpleProtocol();
 
     assertEquals(protocol.getDoc(), "Protocol used for testing.");
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ private static Message parseMessage(String message) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void oneWay() throws Exception {
+  void oneWay() throws Exception {
     Message m;
     // permit one-way messages w/ null response
     m = parseMessage("\"ack\": {" + "\"request\": []," + "\"response\": \"null\"," + "\"one-way\": true}");
@@ -59,20 +57,24 @@ public void oneWay() throws Exception {
     assertTrue(m.isOneWay());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void oneWayResponse() throws Exception {
-    // prohibit one-way messages with a non-null response type
-    parseMessage("\"ack\": {" + "\"request\": [\"string\"]," + "\"response\": \"string\"," + "\"one-way\": true}");
+  @Test
+  void oneWayResponse() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      // prohibit one-way messages with a non-null response type
+      parseMessage("\"ack\": {" + "\"request\": [\"string\"]," + "\"response\": \"string\"," + "\"one-way\": true}");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SchemaParseException.class)
-  public void oneWayError() throws Exception {
-    // prohibit one-way messages with errors
-    parseMessage("\"ack\": {" + "\"request\": [\"string\"]," + "\"errors\": []," + "\"one-way\": true}");
+  @Test
+  void oneWayError() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(SchemaParseException.class, () -> {
+      // prohibit one-way messages with errors
+      parseMessage("\"ack\": {" + "\"request\": [\"string\"]," + "\"errors\": []," + "\"one-way\": true}");
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMessageFieldAliases() throws IOException {
+  void messageFieldAliases() throws IOException {
     Protocol protocol = getSimpleProtocol();
     final Message msg = protocol.getMessages().get("hello");
     assertNotNull(msg);
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ public void testMessageFieldAliases() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMessageCustomProperties() throws IOException {
+  void messageCustomProperties() throws IOException {
     Protocol protocol = getSimpleProtocol();
     final Message msg = protocol.getMessages().get("hello");
     assertNotNull(msg);
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflect.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflect.java
index f67cf3982d6..e40f77e7fe7 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflect.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflect.java
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectResponder;
 
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledForJreRange;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.JRE;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.Random;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public void error() throws SimpleException {
   protected static Transceiver client;
   protected static Simple proxy;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testClassLoader() throws Exception {
+  void classLoader() throws Exception {
     ClassLoader loader = new ClassLoader() {
     };
 
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ public void testClassLoader() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHello() throws IOException {
+  void hello() throws IOException {
     String response = proxy.hello("bob");
     assertEquals("goodbye", response);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEcho() throws IOException {
+  void echo() throws IOException {
     TestRecord record = new TestRecord();
     record.name = "foo";
     TestRecord echoed = proxy.echo(record);
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ public void testEcho() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAdd() throws IOException {
+  void add() throws IOException {
     int result = proxy.add(1, 2);
     assertEquals(3, result);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEchoBytes() throws IOException {
+  void echoBytes() throws IOException {
     Random random = new Random();
     int length = random.nextInt(1024 * 16);
     byte[] data = new byte[length];
@@ -146,7 +146,9 @@ public void testEchoBytes() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testError() throws IOException {
+  // FIXME: Why does this test fail under JDK 21?
+  @EnabledForJreRange(min = JRE.JAVA_8, max = JRE.JAVA_17, disabledReason = "Doesn't work under JRE 21, no clue why")
+  void error() throws IOException {
     SimpleException error = null;
     try {
       proxy.error();
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ public void testError() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
+  void undeclaredError() throws Exception {
     this.throwUndeclaredError = true;
     RuntimeException error = null;
     try {
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
     assertTrue(error.toString().contains("foo"));
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testStopServer() throws IOException {
     client.close();
     server.close();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflectMeta.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflectMeta.java
index d537b2f35ea..3b9899b405f 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflectMeta.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolReflectMeta.java
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.SocketTransceiver;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.reflect.ReflectResponder;
-import org.junit.Before;
 
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+
 public class TestProtocolReflectMeta extends TestProtocolReflect {
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   @Override
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolSpecific.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolSpecific.java
index 8a5f798a821..553dfcc0985 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolSpecific.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestProtocolSpecific.java
@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileReader;
@@ -57,9 +54,9 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.Simple;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestError;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestProtocolSpecific {
 
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ public void ack() {
 
   protected static HandshakeMonitor monitor;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ public Transceiver createTransceiver() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testClassLoader() throws Exception {
+  void classLoader() throws Exception {
     ClassLoader loader = new ClassLoader() {
     };
 
@@ -146,24 +143,24 @@ public void testClassLoader() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetRemote() throws IOException {
+  void getRemote() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(Simple.PROTOCOL, SpecificRequestor.getRemote(proxy));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHello() throws IOException {
+  void hello() throws IOException {
     String response = proxy.hello("bob");
     assertEquals("goodbye", response);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHashCode() throws IOException {
+  void testHashCode() throws IOException {
     TestError error = new TestError();
     error.hashCode();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEcho() throws IOException {
+  void echo() throws IOException {
     TestRecord record = new TestRecord();
     record.setName("foo");
     record.setKind(Kind.BAR);
@@ -174,13 +171,13 @@ public void testEcho() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAdd() throws IOException {
+  void add() throws IOException {
     int result = proxy.add(1, 2);
     assertEquals(3, result);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEchoBytes() throws IOException {
+  void echoBytes() throws IOException {
     Random random = new Random();
     int length = random.nextInt(1024 * 16);
     ByteBuffer data = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
@@ -191,7 +188,7 @@ public void testEchoBytes() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEmptyEchoBytes() throws IOException {
+  void emptyEchoBytes() throws IOException {
     ByteBuffer data = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
     ByteBuffer echoed = proxy.echoBytes(data);
     data.flip();
@@ -199,7 +196,7 @@ public void testEmptyEchoBytes() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testError() throws IOException {
+  void error() throws IOException {
     TestError error = null;
     try {
       proxy.error();
@@ -211,7 +208,7 @@ public void testError() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
+  void undeclaredError() throws Exception {
     this.throwUndeclaredError = true;
     RuntimeException error = null;
     try {
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ public void testUndeclaredError() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOneWay() throws IOException {
+  void oneWay() throws IOException {
     ackCount = 0;
     proxy.ack();
     proxy.hello("foo"); // intermix normal req
@@ -239,27 +236,29 @@ public void testOneWay() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepeatedAccess() throws Exception {
+  void repeatedAccess() throws Exception {
     for (int x = 0; x < 1000; x++) {
       proxy.hello("hi!");
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = Exception.class)
-  public void testConnectionRefusedOneWay() throws IOException {
-    Transceiver client = new HttpTransceiver(new URL("http://localhost:4444"));
-    SpecificRequestor req = new SpecificRequestor(Simple.class, client);
-    addRpcPlugins(req);
-    Simple proxy = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.class, req);
-    proxy.ack();
+  @Test
+  void connectionRefusedOneWay() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> {
+      Transceiver client = new HttpTransceiver(new URL("http://localhost:4444"));
+      SpecificRequestor req = new SpecificRequestor(Simple.class, client);
+      addRpcPlugins(req);
+      Simple proxy = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.class, req);
+      proxy.ack();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * Construct and use a protocol whose "hello" method has an extra argument to
    * check that schema is sent to parse request.
    */
-  public void testParamVariation() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  void paramVariation() throws Exception {
     Protocol protocol = new Protocol("Simple", "org.apache.avro.test");
     List<Schema.Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
     fields.add(new Schema.Field("extra", Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN), null, null));
@@ -278,12 +277,12 @@ public void testParamVariation() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testHandshakeCount() throws IOException {
     monitor.assertHandshake();
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testStopServer() throws IOException {
     client.close();
     server.close();
@@ -315,7 +314,7 @@ public void serverConnecting(RPCContext context) {
     public void assertHandshake() {
       int expected = getExpectedHandshakeCount();
       if (expected != REPEATING) {
-        assertEquals("Expected number of handshakes did not take place.", expected, handshakes);
+        assertEquals(expected, handshakes, "Expected number of handshakes did not take place.");
       }
     }
   }
@@ -336,7 +335,7 @@ public static class InteropTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testClient() throws Exception {
+    void client() throws Exception {
       for (File f : Objects.requireNonNull(SERVER_PORTS_DIR.listFiles())) {
         try (LineNumberReader reader = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader(f))) {
           int port = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine());
@@ -344,10 +343,10 @@ public void testClient() throws Exception {
           Transceiver client = new SocketTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", port));
           proxy = SpecificRequestor.getClient(Simple.class, client);
           TestProtocolSpecific proto = new TestProtocolSpecific();
-          proto.testHello();
-          proto.testEcho();
-          proto.testEchoBytes();
-          proto.testError();
+          proto.hello();
+          proto.echo();
+          proto.echoBytes();
+          proto.error();
           System.out.println("Done! Validation java client to " + f.getName() + " - " + port);
         }
       }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
index 476df74e689..ab35a6d837a 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/TestSchema.java
@@ -46,20 +46,16 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-import org.junit.rules.TestName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInfo;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestSchema {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TestName name = new TestName();
-
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   public static final String LISP_SCHEMA = "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Lisp\", \"fields\": ["
       + "{\"name\":\"value\", \"type\":[\"null\", \"string\","
@@ -85,106 +81,107 @@ public class TestSchema {
   private static final int COUNT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("test.count", "30"));
 
   @Test
-  public void testNull() throws Exception {
+  void testNull(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.NULL), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"null\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.NULL), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"null\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"null\"", "null", null);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"null\"", "null", null);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBoolean() throws Exception {
+  void testBoolean(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.BOOLEAN), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"boolean\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.BOOLEAN), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"boolean\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"boolean\"", "true", Boolean.TRUE);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"boolean\"", "true", Boolean.TRUE);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testString() throws Exception {
+  void string(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.STRING), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"string\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.STRING), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"string\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"string\"", "\"foo\"", new Utf8("foo"));
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"string\"", "\"foo\"", new Utf8("foo"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytes() throws Exception {
+  void bytes(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.BYTES), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"bytes\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.BYTES), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"bytes\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"bytes\"", "\"\\u0000ABC\\u00FF\"",
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"bytes\"", "\"\\u0000ABC\\u00FF\"",
         ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { 0, 65, 66, 67, -1 }));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+  void testInt(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.INT), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"int\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.INT), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"int\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"int\"", "9", 9);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"int\"", "9", 9);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+  void testLong(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.LONG), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"long\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.LONG), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"long\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"long\"", "11", 11L);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"long\"", "11", 11L);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() throws Exception {
+  void testFloat(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.FLOAT), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"float\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.FLOAT), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"float\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"float\"", "1.1", 1.1f);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"float\"", "1.1", 1.1f);
     checkDefault("\"float\"", "\"NaN\"", Float.NaN);
     checkDefault("\"float\"", "\"Infinity\"", Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
     checkDefault("\"float\"", "\"-Infinity\"", Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDouble() throws Exception {
+  void testDouble(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.DOUBLE), new Schema.Parser().parse("\"double\""));
     assertEquals(Schema.create(Type.DOUBLE), new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"double\"}"));
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "\"double\"", "1.2", 1.2);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "\"double\"", "1.2", 1.2);
     checkDefault("\"double\"", "\"NaN\"", Double.NaN);
     checkDefault("\"double\"", "\"Infinity\"", Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
     checkDefault("\"double\"", "\"-Infinity\"", Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArray() throws Exception {
+  void array(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     Collection<Long> array = new GenericData.Array<>(1, schema);
     array.add(1L);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), json, "[1]", array);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), json, "[1]", array);
     array = new ArrayList<>(1);
     array.add(1L);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), json, "[1]", array);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), json, "[1]", array);
     checkParseError("{\"type\":\"array\"}"); // items required
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMap() throws Exception {
+  void map(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     HashMap<Utf8, Long> map = new HashMap<>();
     map.put(new Utf8("a"), 1L);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "{\"type\":\"map\", \"values\":\"long\"}", "{\"a\":1}", map);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "{\"type\":\"map\", \"values\":\"long\"}",
+        "{\"a\":1}", map);
     checkParseError("{\"type\":\"map\"}"); // values required
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionMap() throws Exception {
+  void unionMap(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     String unionMapSchema = "{\"name\":\"foo\", \"type\":\"record\"," + " \"fields\":[ {\"name\":\"mymap\", \"type\":"
         + "   [{\"type\":\"map\", \"values\":" + "      [\"int\",\"long\",\"float\",\"string\"]}," + "    \"null\"]"
         + "   }]" + " }";
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), unionMapSchema, true);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), unionMapSchema, true);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecord() throws Exception {
+  void record(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     String recordJson = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Test\", \"fields\":"
         + "[{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\":\"long\", \"foo\":\"bar\"}]}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(recordJson);
 
     GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
     record.put("f", 11L);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), recordJson, "{\"f\":11}", record, false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), recordJson, "{\"f\":11}", record, false);
 
     // test field props
     assertEquals("bar", schema.getField("f").getProp("foo"));
@@ -207,14 +204,14 @@ public void testRecord() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInvalidNameTolerance() {
-    new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"1X\",\"fields\":[]}");
-    new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X-\",\"fields\":[]}");
-    new Schema.Parser().setValidate(false).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X$\",\"fields\":[]}");
+  void invalidNameTolerance() {
+    new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"1X\",\"fields\":[]}");
+    new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X-\",\"fields\":[]}");
+    new Schema.Parser(NameValidator.NO_VALIDATION).parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"X$\",\"fields\":[]}");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMapInRecord() throws Exception {
+  void mapInRecord(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Test\", \"fields\":"
         + "[{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\": {\"type\":\"map\", \"values\":\"long\"}}]}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
@@ -223,12 +220,12 @@ public void testMapInRecord() throws Exception {
     map.put(new Utf8("a"), 1L);
     GenericData.Record record = new GenericData.Record(schema);
     record.put("f", map);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), json, "{\"f\":{\"a\":1}}", record, false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), json, "{\"f\":{\"a\":1}}", record, false);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnum() throws Exception {
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), BASIC_ENUM_SCHEMA, "\"B\"",
+  void testEnum(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), BASIC_ENUM_SCHEMA, "\"B\"",
         new GenericData.EnumSymbol(new Schema.Parser().parse(BASIC_ENUM_SCHEMA), "B"), false);
     checkParseError("{\"type\":\"enum\"}"); // symbols required
     checkParseError("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"symbols\": [\"X\"]}"); // name reqd
@@ -241,24 +238,24 @@ public void testEnum() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixed() throws Exception {
+  void fixed(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     String json = "{\"type\": \"fixed\", \"name\":\"Test\", \"size\": 1}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), json, "\"a\"",
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), json, "\"a\"",
         new GenericData.Fixed(schema, new byte[] { (byte) 'a' }), false);
     checkParseError("{\"type\":\"fixed\"}"); // size required
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecursive() throws Exception {
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()),
+  void recursive(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()),
         "{\"type\": \"record\", \"name\": \"Node\", \"fields\": [" + "{\"name\":\"label\", \"type\":\"string\"},"
             + "{\"name\":\"children\", \"type\":" + "{\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": \"Node\" }}]}",
         false);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecursiveEquals() throws Exception {
+  void recursiveEquals() throws Exception {
     String jsonSchema = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"List\", \"fields\": ["
         + "{\"name\":\"next\", \"type\":\"List\"}]}";
     Schema s1 = new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonSchema);
@@ -267,12 +264,12 @@ public void testRecursiveEquals() throws Exception {
     s1.hashCode(); // test no stackoverflow
   }
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * Test that equals() and hashCode() don't require exponential time on certain
    * pathological schemas.
    */
-  public void testSchemaExplosion() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  void schemaExplosion() throws Exception {
     for (int i = 1; i < 15; i++) { // 15 is big enough to trigger
       // create a list of records, each with a single field whose type is a
       // union of all of the records.
@@ -297,34 +294,28 @@ public void testSchemaExplosion() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLisp() throws Exception {
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), LISP_SCHEMA, false);
+  void lisp(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), LISP_SCHEMA, false);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnion() throws Exception {
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), "[\"string\", \"long\"]", false);
+  void union(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), "[\"string\", \"long\"]", false);
     checkDefault("[\"double\", \"long\"]", "1.1", 1.1);
+    checkDefault("[\"double\", \"string\"]", "\"TheString\"", new Utf8("TheString"));
 
     // test that erroneous default values cause errors
     for (String type : new String[] { "int", "long", "float", "double", "string", "bytes", "boolean" }) {
-      checkValidateDefaults("[\"" + type + "\", \"null\"]", "null"); // schema parse time
-      boolean error = false;
-      try {
-        checkDefault("[\"" + type + "\", \"null\"]", "null", 0); // read time
-      } catch (AvroTypeException e) {
-        error = true;
-      }
-      assertTrue(error);
-      checkValidateDefaults("[\"null\", \"" + type + "\"]", "0"); // schema parse time
-      error = false;
-      try {
-        checkDefault("[\"null\", \"" + type + "\"]", "0", null); // read time
-      } catch (AvroTypeException e) {
-        error = true;
-      }
-      assertTrue(error);
+//      checkValidateDefaults("[\"" + type + "\", \"null\"]", "null"); // schema parse time
+      checkDefault("[\"" + type + "\", \"null\"]", "null", null); // read time
     }
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"int\"]", "0", 0);
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"long\"]", "0", 0l);
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"float\"]", "0.0", 0.0f);
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"double\"]", "0.0", 0.0d);
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"string\"]", "\"Hi\"", new Utf8("Hi"));
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"bytes\"]", "\"01\"", ByteBuffer.wrap("01".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+    checkDefault("[\"null\", \"boolean\"]", "true", true);
 
     // check union json
     String record = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Foo\",\"fields\":[]}";
@@ -340,7 +331,7 @@ public void testUnion() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testComplexUnions() throws Exception {
+  void complexUnions(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
     // one of each unnamed type and two of named types
     String partial = "[\"int\", \"long\", \"float\", \"double\", \"boolean\", \"bytes\","
         + " \"string\", {\"type\":\"array\", \"items\": \"long\"}," + " {\"type\":\"map\", \"values\":\"long\"}";
@@ -352,8 +343,8 @@ public void testComplexUnions() throws Exception {
         + " {\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"Bar2\",\"size\": 1},"
         + " {\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Baz2\",\"symbols\": [\"X\"]}";
 
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), partial + namedTypes + "]", false);
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), partial + namedTypes + namedTypes2 + "]", false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), partial + namedTypes + "]", false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), partial + namedTypes + namedTypes2 + "]", false);
     checkParseError(partial + namedTypes + namedTypes + "]");
 
     // fail with two branches of the same unnamed type
@@ -376,15 +367,15 @@ public void testComplexUnions() throws Exception {
     Schema u;
     u = buildUnion(new Schema[] { new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"x.A\",\"fields\":[]}"),
         new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"y.A\",\"fields\":[]}") });
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), u.toString(), false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), u.toString(), false);
 
     u = buildUnion(new Schema[] { new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"x.A\",\"symbols\":[\"X\"]}"),
         new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"y.A\",\"symbols\":[\"Y\"]}") });
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), u.toString(), false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), u.toString(), false);
 
     u = buildUnion(new Schema[] { new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"x.A\",\"size\":4}"),
         new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"fixed\",\"name\":\"y.A\",\"size\":8}") });
-    check(new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), u.toString(), false);
+    check(new File(DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), u.toString(), false);
 
     // fail with two branches of the same named type, but same names
     checkUnionError(new Schema[] { Schema.createRecord("Foo", null, "org.test", false),
@@ -400,27 +391,27 @@ public void testComplexUnions() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testComplexProp() {
+  void complexProp() {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"null\", \"foo\": [0]}";
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     assertNull(s.getProp("foo"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPropOrdering() {
+  void propOrdering() {
     String json = "{\"type\":\"int\",\"z\":\"c\",\"yy\":\"b\",\"x\":\"a\"}";
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
     assertEquals(json, s.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testParseInputStream() throws IOException {
+  void parseInputStream() throws IOException {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream("\"boolean\"".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
     assertEquals(new Schema.Parser().parse("\"boolean\""), s);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNamespaceScope() {
+  void namespaceScope() {
     String z = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Z\",\"fields\":[]}";
     String y = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"q.Y\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":" + z + "}]}";
     String x = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"p.X\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":" + y + "},"
@@ -432,7 +423,7 @@ public void testNamespaceScope() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNamespaceNesting() {
+  void namespaceNesting() {
     String y = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"y.Y\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"x.X\"}]}";
     String x = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"x.X\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":" + y + "}" + "]}";
     Schema xs = new Schema.Parser().parse(x);
@@ -440,7 +431,7 @@ public void testNamespaceNesting() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedNullNamespace() {
+  void nestedNullNamespace() {
     Schema inner = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Inner\",\"fields\":[]}");
     Schema outer = Schema.createRecord("Outer", null, "space", false);
     outer.setFields(Collections.singletonList(new Field("f", inner, null, null)));
@@ -448,7 +439,7 @@ public void testNestedNullNamespace() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDeeplyNestedNullNamespace() {
+  void deeplyNestedNullNamespace() {
     Schema inner = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Inner\",\"fields\":["
         + "{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Deeper\",\"fields\":["
         + "{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}}]}");
@@ -458,7 +449,7 @@ public void testDeeplyNestedNullNamespace() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedNullNamespaceReferencing() {
+  void nestedNullNamespaceReferencing() {
     Schema inner = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Inner\",\"fields\":[]}");
     Schema outer = Schema.createRecord("Outer", null, "space", false);
     outer.setFields(Arrays.asList(new Field("f1", inner, null, null), new Field("f2", inner, null, null)));
@@ -466,7 +457,7 @@ public void testNestedNullNamespaceReferencing() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedNullNamespaceReferencingWithUnion() {
+  void nestedNullNamespaceReferencingWithUnion() {
     Schema inner = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Inner\",\"fields\":[]}");
     Schema innerUnion = Schema.createUnion(Arrays.asList(inner, Schema.create(Type.NULL)));
     Schema outer = Schema.createRecord("Outer", null, "space", false);
@@ -475,7 +466,7 @@ public void testNestedNullNamespaceReferencingWithUnion() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedNonNullNamespace1() {
+  void nestedNonNullNamespace1() {
     Schema inner1 = Schema.createEnum("InnerEnum", null, "space", Collections.singletonList("x"));
     Schema inner2 = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"name\":" + "\"InnerRecord\",\"fields\":[]}");
@@ -485,7 +476,7 @@ public void testNestedNonNullNamespace1() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedNonNullNamespace2() {
+  void nestedNonNullNamespace2() {
     Schema inner1 = Schema.createFixed("InnerFixed", null, "space", 1);
     Schema inner2 = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"namespace\":\"space\",\"name\":" + "\"InnerRecord\",\"fields\":[]}");
@@ -495,7 +486,7 @@ public void testNestedNonNullNamespace2() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullNamespaceAlias() {
+  void nullNamespaceAlias() {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"Z\",\"fields\":[]}");
     Schema t = new Schema.Parser()
         .parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"x.Y\",\"aliases\":[\".Z\"]," + "\"fields\":[]}");
@@ -504,7 +495,7 @@ public void testNullNamespaceAlias() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNullPointer() throws Exception {
+  void nullPointer() throws Exception {
     String recordJson = "{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Test\", \"fields\":"
         + "[{\"name\":\"x\", \"type\":\"string\"}]}";
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(recordJson);
@@ -516,7 +507,7 @@ public void testNullPointer() throws Exception {
   private static void checkParseError(String json) {
     try {
       new Schema.Parser().parse(json);
-    } catch (SchemaParseException e) {
+    } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
       return;
     }
     fail("Should not have parsed: " + json);
@@ -541,7 +532,7 @@ private static Schema buildUnion(Schema[] branches) {
    * are docs both for fields and for the records themselves.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testDocs() {
+  void docs() {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA_WITH_DOC_TAGS);
     assertEquals("This is not a world record.", schema.getDoc());
     assertEquals("Inner Fixed", schema.getField("inner_fixed").doc());
@@ -553,7 +544,7 @@ public void testDocs() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFieldDocs() {
+  void fieldDocs() {
     String schemaStr = "{\"name\": \"Rec\",\"type\": \"record\",\"fields\" : ["
         + "{\"name\": \"f\", \"type\": \"int\", \"doc\": \"test\"}]}";
 
@@ -567,7 +558,7 @@ public void testFieldDocs() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAliases() {
+  void aliases() {
     String t1 = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"a.b\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"long\"},"
         + "{\"name\":\"h\",\"type\":\"int\"}]}";
     String t2 = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"x.y\",\"aliases\":[\"a.b\"],"
@@ -602,7 +593,7 @@ public void testAliases() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAliasesSelfReferential() {
+  void aliasesSelfReferential() {
     String t1 = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"a\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"C\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":[\"null\",\"C\"]}}]}}]}";
     String t2 = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"x\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"C\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":[\"null\",\"C\"]},\"aliases\":[\"c\"]}]}}],\"aliases\":[\"a\"]}";
     Schema s1 = new Schema.Parser().parse(t1);
@@ -634,10 +625,10 @@ private static void check(File dst, String jsonSchema, boolean induce) throws Ex
 
       if (induce) {
         Schema induced = GenericData.get().induce(datum);
-        assertEquals("Induced schema does not match.", schema, induced);
+        assertEquals(schema, induced, "Induced schema does not match.");
       }
 
-      assertTrue("Datum does not validate against schema " + datum, GenericData.get().validate(schema, datum));
+      assertTrue(GenericData.get().validate(schema, datum), "Datum does not validate against schema " + datum);
 
       checkBinary(schema, datum, new GenericDatumWriter<>(), new GenericDatumReader<>(), null);
       reuse = checkBinary(schema, datum, new GenericDatumWriter<>(), new GenericDatumReader<>(), reuse);
@@ -685,7 +676,7 @@ public static Object checkBinary(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<Object
 
     Object decoded = reader.read(reuse, DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(data, null));
 
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
     return decoded;
   }
 
@@ -702,7 +693,7 @@ public static void checkDirectBinary(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<Ob
 
     Object decoded = reader.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(data, null));
 
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
   }
 
   public static void checkBlockingBinary(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<Object> writer,
@@ -718,7 +709,7 @@ public static void checkBlockingBinary(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<
 
     Object decoded = reader.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(data, null));
 
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
   }
 
   private static void checkJson(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<Object> writer, DatumReader<Object> reader)
@@ -734,10 +725,10 @@ private static void checkJson(Schema schema, Object datum, DatumWriter<Object> w
     reader.setSchema(schema);
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
     Object decoded = reader.read(null, decoder);
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
 
     decoded = reader.read(decoded, decoder);
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
   }
 
   private static void checkJson(Schema schema, Object datum, String json) throws Exception {
@@ -750,13 +741,13 @@ private static void checkJson(Schema schema, Object datum, String json) throws E
     byte[] data = out.toByteArray();
 
     String encoded = new String(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    assertEquals("Encoded data does not match.", json, encoded);
+    assertEquals(json, encoded, "Encoded data does not match.");
 
     DatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>();
     reader.setSchema(schema);
     Object decoded = reader.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
 
-    assertEquals("Decoded data does not match.", datum, decoded);
+    assertEquals(datum, decoded, "Decoded data does not match.");
   }
 
   public static void checkBinaryJson(String json) throws Exception {
@@ -774,7 +765,7 @@ public static void checkBinaryJson(String json) throws Exception {
     decoder = DecoderFactory.get().validatingDecoder(Json.SCHEMA, decoder);
     Object decoded = reader.read(null, decoder);
 
-    assertEquals("Decoded json does not match.", Json.toString(node), Json.toString(decoded));
+    assertEquals(Json.toString(node), Json.toString(decoded), "Decoded json does not match.");
   }
 
   private static final Schema ACTUAL = // an empty record schema
@@ -787,8 +778,8 @@ private static void checkDefault(String schemaJson, String defaultJson, Object d
     DatumReader<Object> in = new GenericDatumReader<>(ACTUAL, expected);
     GenericData.Record record = (GenericData.Record) in.read(null,
         DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(new byte[0], null));
-    assertEquals("Wrong default.", defaultValue, record.get("f"));
-    assertEquals("Wrong toString", expected, new Schema.Parser().parse(expected.toString()));
+    assertEquals(defaultValue, record.get("f"), "Wrong default.");
+    assertEquals(expected, new Schema.Parser().parse(expected.toString()), "Wrong toString");
   }
 
   private static void checkValidateDefaults(String schemaJson, String defaultJson) {
@@ -802,16 +793,18 @@ private static void checkValidateDefaults(String schemaJson, String defaultJson)
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testNoDefaultField() throws Exception {
-    Schema expected = new Schema.Parser()
-        .parse("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Foo\", \"fields\":" + "[{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\": \"string\"}]}");
-    DatumReader<Object> in = new GenericDatumReader<>(ACTUAL, expected);
-    in.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]), null));
+  @Test
+  void noDefaultField() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema expected = new Schema.Parser()
+          .parse("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"Foo\", \"fields\":" + "[{\"name\":\"f\", \"type\": \"string\"}]}");
+      DatumReader<Object> in = new GenericDatumReader<>(ACTUAL, expected);
+      in.read(null, DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]), null));
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEnumMismatch() throws Exception {
+  void enumMismatch() throws Exception {
     Schema actual = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"E\",\"symbols\":[\"X\",\"Y\"]}");
     Schema expected = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"E\",\"symbols\":[\"Y\",\"Z\"]}");
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -823,7 +816,7 @@ public void testEnumMismatch() throws Exception {
     byte[] data = out.toByteArray();
     Decoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(data, null);
     DatumReader<String> in = new GenericDatumReader<>(actual, expected);
-    assertEquals("Wrong value", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(expected, "Y"), in.read(null, decoder));
+    assertEquals(new GenericData.EnumSymbol(expected, "Y"), in.read(null, decoder), "Wrong value");
     try {
       in.read(null, decoder);
       fail("Should have thrown exception.");
@@ -832,91 +825,119 @@ public void testEnumMismatch() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testRecordWithPrimitiveName() {
-    new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"string\", \"fields\": []}");
+  @Test
+  void recordWithPrimitiveName() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"string\", \"fields\": []}");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testEnumWithPrimitiveName() {
-    new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\", \"name\":\"null\", \"symbols\": [\"A\"]}");
+  @Test
+  void enumWithPrimitiveName() {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\", \"name\":\"null\", \"symbols\": [\"A\"]}");
+    });
   }
 
   private static Schema enumSchema() {
     return new Schema.Parser().parse("{ \"type\": \"enum\", \"name\": \"e\", " + "\"symbols\": [\"a\", \"b\"]}");
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testImmutability1() {
-    Schema s = enumSchema();
-    s.addProp("p1", "1");
-    s.addProp("p1", "2");
+  @Test
+  void immutability1() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = enumSchema();
+      s.addProp("p1", "1");
+      s.addProp("p1", "2");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testImmutability2() {
-    Schema s = enumSchema();
-    s.addProp("p1", null);
+  @Test
+  void immutability2() {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Schema s = enumSchema();
+      s.addProp("p1", null);
+    });
   }
 
   private static List<String> lockedArrayList() {
     return new Schema.LockableArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c")).lock();
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList1() {
-    lockedArrayList().add("p");
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList1() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().add("p");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList2() {
-    lockedArrayList().remove("a");
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList2() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().remove("a");
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList3() {
-    lockedArrayList().addAll(Collections.singletonList("p"));
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList3() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().addAll(Collections.singletonList("p"));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList4() {
-    lockedArrayList().addAll(0, Collections.singletonList("p"));
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList4() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().addAll(0, Collections.singletonList("p"));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList5() {
-    lockedArrayList().removeAll(Collections.singletonList("a"));
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList5() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().removeAll(Collections.singletonList("a"));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList6() {
-    lockedArrayList().retainAll(Collections.singletonList("a"));
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList6() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().retainAll(Collections.singletonList("a"));
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList7() {
-    lockedArrayList().clear();
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList7() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().clear();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList8() {
-    lockedArrayList().iterator().remove();
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList8() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().iterator().remove();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList9() {
-    Iterator<String> it = lockedArrayList().iterator();
-    it.next();
-    it.remove();
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList9() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      Iterator<String> it = lockedArrayList().iterator();
+      it.next();
+      it.remove();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testLockedArrayList10() {
-    lockedArrayList().remove(1);
+  @Test
+  void lockedArrayList10() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      lockedArrayList().remove(1);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNames_GetWithInheritedNamespace() {
+  void names_GetWithInheritedNamespace() {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
     Schema.Names names = new Schema.Names("space");
     names.put(new Schema.Name("Name", "space"), schema);
@@ -926,7 +947,7 @@ public void testNames_GetWithInheritedNamespace() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNames_GetWithNullNamespace() {
+  void names_GetWithNullNamespace() {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
     Schema.Names names = new Schema.Names("space");
     names.put(new Schema.Name("Name", ""), schema);
@@ -936,7 +957,7 @@ public void testNames_GetWithNullNamespace() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNames_GetNotFound() {
+  void names_GetNotFound() {
     Schema.Names names = new Schema.Names("space");
     names.put(new Schema.Name("Name", "otherspace"), Schema.create(Type.STRING));
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
index 7c42ca9d9fc..0af06b9a2b1 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/compiler/specific/TestSpecificCompiler.java
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.compiler.specific;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileWriter;
@@ -51,20 +49,18 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler.OutputFile;
 import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInfo;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.rules.TestName;
 
 public class TestSpecificCompiler {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TestName name = new TestName();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
-
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   static final String PROTOCOL = "" + "{ \"protocol\": \"default\",\n" + "  \"types\":\n" + "    [\n" + "      {\n"
       + "       \"name\": \"finally\",\n" + "       \"type\": \"error\",\n"
@@ -73,41 +69,41 @@ public class TestSpecificCompiler {
       + "      \"response\": \"string\",\n" + "      \"errors\": [\"finally\"]\n" + "    }" + "   }\n" + "}\n";
 
   @Test
-  public void testEsc() {
+  void esc() {
     assertEquals("\\\"", SpecificCompiler.javaEscape("\""));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMakePath() {
+  void makePath() {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler();
     assertEquals("foo/bar/Baz.java".replace("/", File.separator), compiler.makePath("Baz", "foo.bar"));
     assertEquals("baz.java", compiler.makePath("baz", ""));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitiveSchemaGeneratesNothing() {
+  void primitiveSchemaGeneratesNothing() {
     assertEquals(0, new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse("\"double\"")).compile().size());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleEnumSchema() throws IOException {
+  void simpleEnumSchema(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(TestSchema.BASIC_ENUM_SCHEMA))
         .compile();
     assertEquals(1, outputs.size());
     OutputFile o = outputs.iterator().next();
     assertEquals(o.path, "Test.java");
     assertTrue(o.contents.contains("public enum Test"));
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), outputs);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), outputs);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMangleIfReserved() {
+  void mangleIfReserved() {
     assertEquals("foo", SpecificCompiler.mangle("foo"));
     assertEquals("goto$", SpecificCompiler.mangle("goto"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testManglingForProtocols() throws IOException {
+  void manglingForProtocols(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(Protocol.parse(PROTOCOL)).compile();
     Iterator<OutputFile> i = outputs.iterator();
     String errType = i.next().contents;
@@ -120,7 +116,7 @@ public void testManglingForProtocols() throws IOException {
     assertTrue(protocol.contains("public interface default$"));
     assertTrue(protocol.contains(" finally$"));
 
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), outputs);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), outputs);
 
   }
 
@@ -133,7 +129,7 @@ public void testManglingForProtocols() throws IOException {
       + "                {\"name\": \"short\", \"type\": \"volatile\" } ] }";
 
   @Test
-  public void testManglingForRecords() throws IOException {
+  void manglingForRecords(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA)).compile();
     assertEquals(1, outputs.size());
     String contents = outputs.iterator().next().contents;
@@ -142,11 +138,11 @@ public void testManglingForRecords() throws IOException {
     assertTrue(contents.contains("class volatile$ extends"));
     assertTrue(contents.contains("volatile$ short$;"));
 
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), outputs);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), outputs);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testManglingForEnums() throws IOException {
+  void manglingForEnums(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     String enumSchema = "" + "{ \"name\": \"instanceof\", \"type\": \"enum\","
         + "  \"symbols\": [\"new\", \"super\", \"switch\"] }";
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(enumSchema)).compile();
@@ -155,27 +151,27 @@ public void testManglingForEnums() throws IOException {
 
     assertTrue(contents.contains("new$"));
 
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), outputs);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), outputs);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaSplit() throws IOException {
+  void schemaSplit(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA));
     compiler.maxStringChars = 10;
     Collection<OutputFile> files = compiler.compile();
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), files);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), files);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testProtocolSplit() throws IOException {
+  void protocolSplit(TestInfo testInfo) throws IOException {
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(Protocol.parse(PROTOCOL));
     compiler.maxStringChars = 10;
     Collection<OutputFile> files = compiler.compile();
-    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName()), files);
+    assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(new File(INPUT_DIR, testInfo.getTestMethod().get().getName()), files);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSchemaWithDocs() {
+  void schemaWithDocs() {
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(TestSchema.SCHEMA_WITH_DOC_TAGS))
         .compile();
     assertEquals(3, outputs.size());
@@ -203,7 +199,7 @@ public void testSchemaWithDocs() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testProtocolWithDocs() throws IOException {
+  void protocolWithDocs() throws IOException {
     Protocol protocol = TestProtocolParsing.getSimpleProtocol();
     Collection<OutputFile> out = new SpecificCompiler(protocol).compile();
     assertEquals(6, out.size());
@@ -215,26 +211,26 @@ public void testProtocolWithDocs() throws IOException {
         assertTrue(o.contents.contains("* Send a greeting"));
       }
     }
-    assertEquals("Missed generated protocol!", 1, count);
+    assertEquals(1, count, "Missed generated protocol!");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNeedCompile() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void needCompile() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     String schema = "" + "{ \"name\": \"Foo\", \"type\": \"record\", "
         + "  \"fields\": [ {\"name\": \"package\", \"type\": \"string\" },"
         + "                {\"name\": \"short\", \"type\": \"Foo\" } ] }";
-    File inputFile = new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "input.avsc");
+    File inputFile = new File(INPUT_DIR.getPath(), "input.avsc");
     try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(inputFile)) {
       fw.write(schema);
     }
 
-    File outputDir = OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot();
+    File outputDir = OUTPUT_DIR;
 
     File outputFile = new File(outputDir, "Foo.java");
     outputFile.delete();
-    assertTrue(!outputFile.exists());
+    assertFalse(outputFile.exists());
     outputDir.delete();
-    assertTrue(!outputDir.exists());
+    assertFalse(outputDir.exists());
     SpecificCompiler.compileSchema(inputFile, outputDir);
     assertTrue(outputDir.exists());
     assertTrue(outputFile.exists());
@@ -266,7 +262,7 @@ private Schema createRecord(String name, boolean isError, Field... fields) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void generateGetMethod() {
+  void generateGetMethod() {
     Field height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field height_and_width = new Field("height_and_width", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -304,12 +300,11 @@ public void generateGetMethod() {
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getHeight$0",
-        SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
+    assertEquals("getHeight", SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getHeight$1",
+    assertEquals("getHeight$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), Height));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -318,12 +313,12 @@ public void generateGetMethod() {
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getMessage$0",
+    assertEquals("getMessage$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), message));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getMessage$1",
+    assertEquals("getMessage$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), Message));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -332,17 +327,17 @@ public void generateGetMethod() {
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getSchema$0",
+    assertEquals("getSchema$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), schema));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("getSchema$1",
+    assertEquals("getSchema$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateGetMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), Schema$));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void generateSetMethod() {
+  void generateSetMethod() {
     Field height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field height_and_width = new Field("height_and_width", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -380,12 +375,11 @@ public void generateSetMethod() {
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setHeight$0",
-        SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
+    assertEquals("setHeight", SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setHeight$1",
+    assertEquals("setHeight$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), Height));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -394,12 +388,12 @@ public void generateSetMethod() {
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setMessage$0",
+    assertEquals("setMessage$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), message));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setMessage$1",
+    assertEquals("setMessage$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), Message));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -408,17 +402,17 @@ public void generateSetMethod() {
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setSchema$0",
+    assertEquals("setSchema$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), schema));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("setSchema$1",
+    assertEquals("setSchema$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateSetMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), Schema$));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void generateHasMethod() {
+  void generateHasMethod() {
     Field height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field height_and_width = new Field("height_and_width", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -456,12 +450,11 @@ public void generateHasMethod() {
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasHeight$0",
-        SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
+    assertEquals("hasHeight", SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasHeight$1",
+    assertEquals("hasHeight$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), Height));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -470,12 +463,12 @@ public void generateHasMethod() {
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasMessage$0",
+    assertEquals("hasMessage$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), message));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasMessage$1",
+    assertEquals("hasMessage$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), Message));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -484,17 +477,17 @@ public void generateHasMethod() {
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasSchema$0",
+    assertEquals("hasSchema$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), schema));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("hasSchema$1",
+    assertEquals("hasSchema$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateHasMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), Schema$));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void generateClearMethod() {
+  void generateClearMethod() {
     Field height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Field height_and_width = new Field("height_and_width", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -532,12 +525,12 @@ public void generateClearMethod() {
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearHeight$0",
+    assertEquals("clearHeight",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), height));
 
     height = new Field("height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
     Height = new Field("Height", Schema.create(Type.INT), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearHeight$1",
+    assertEquals("clearHeight$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", false, height, Height), Height));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -546,12 +539,12 @@ public void generateClearMethod() {
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearMessage$0",
+    assertEquals("clearMessage$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), message));
 
     message = new Field("message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Message = new Field("Message", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearMessage$1",
+    assertEquals("clearMessage$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", true, message, Message), Message));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
@@ -560,17 +553,17 @@ public void generateClearMethod() {
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearSchema$0",
+    assertEquals("clearSchema$",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), schema));
 
     schema = new Field("schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
     Schema$ = new Field("Schema", Schema.create(Type.STRING), null, null);
-    assertEquals("clearSchema$1",
+    assertEquals("clearSchema$0",
         SpecificCompiler.generateClearMethod(createRecord("test", false, schema, Schema$), Schema$));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAnnotations() throws Exception {
+  void annotations() throws Exception {
     // an interface generated for protocol
     assertNotNull(Simple.class.getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class));
     // a class generated for a record
@@ -587,7 +580,7 @@ public void testAnnotations() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAliases() throws IOException {
+  void aliases() throws IOException {
     Schema s = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"name\":\"X\",\"type\":\"record\",\"aliases\":[\"Y\"],\"fields\":["
         + "{\"name\":\"f\",\"type\":\"int\",\"aliases\":[\"g\"]}]}");
     SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(s);
@@ -648,7 +641,7 @@ static void assertCompilesWithJavaCompiler(File dstDir, Collection<OutputFile> o
       + "                {\"name\": \"ownerURL\", \"type\": [\"null\",{ \"type\": \"string\",\"java-class\": \"java.net.URL\"}], \"default\": null}]}";
 
   @Test
-  public void testGenerateExceptionCodeBlock() throws IOException {
+  void generateExceptionCodeBlock() throws IOException {
     Collection<OutputFile> outputs = new SpecificCompiler(new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA1)).compile();
     assertEquals(1, outputs.size());
     String contents = outputs.iterator().next().contents;
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestBuilderCopy.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestBuilderCopy.java
index 3fed9c2c5b3..51808fd459b 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestBuilderCopy.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestBuilderCopy.java
@@ -18,20 +18,19 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import test.StringablesRecord;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 /** Unit test for performing a builder copy of an object with a schema */
 public class TestBuilderCopy {
   @Test
-  public void testBuilderCopy() {
+  void builderCopy() {
     StringablesRecord.Builder builder = StringablesRecord.newBuilder();
     builder.setValue(new BigDecimal("1314.11"));
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestDeepCopy.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestDeepCopy.java
index 719acd402fa..35a014b7203 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestDeepCopy.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/generic/TestDeepCopy.java
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.generic;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import test.StringablesRecord;
 
 /** Unit test for performing a deep copy of an object with a schema */
 public class TestDeepCopy {
   @Test
-  public void testDeepCopy() {
+  void deepCopy() {
     // Set all non-default fields in an Interop instance:
     Interop.Builder interopBuilder = Interop.newBuilder();
     interopBuilder.setArrayField(Arrays.asList(1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4));
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ public void testDeepCopy() {
           && (field.schema().getType() != Type.LONG) && (field.schema().getType() != Type.FLOAT)
           && (field.schema().getType() != Type.DOUBLE) && (field.schema().getType() != Type.STRING)) {
 
-        assertFalse("Field " + field.name() + " is same instance in deep copy",
-            interop.get(field.pos()) == GenericData.get().deepCopy(field.schema(), interop.get(field.pos())));
+        assertFalse(interop.get(field.pos()) == GenericData.get().deepCopy(field.schema(), interop.get(field.pos())),
+            "Field " + field.name() + " is same instance in deep copy");
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJavaClassDeepCopy() {
+  void javaClassDeepCopy() {
     // Test java-class deep copy. See AVRO-2438
     StringablesRecord.Builder builder = StringablesRecord.newBuilder();
     builder.setValue(new BigDecimal("1314.11"));
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestLocalTransceiver.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestLocalTransceiver.java
index 5de7ca0a6cc..85382a0b42e 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestLocalTransceiver.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestLocalTransceiver.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRemoteException;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericRequestor;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.generic.GenericResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestLocalTransceiver {
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public Object respond(Message message, Object request) throws AvroRemoteExceptio
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSingleRpc() throws Exception {
+  void singleRpc() throws Exception {
     Transceiver t = new LocalTransceiver(new TestResponder(protocol));
     GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(protocol.getMessages().get("m").getRequest());
     params.put("x", new Utf8("hello"));
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestRpcPluginOrdering.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestRpcPluginOrdering.java
index 6afb8d3e367..ba5e1ffdee3 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestRpcPluginOrdering.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestRpcPluginOrdering.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.ipc;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.SpecificResponder;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Mail;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Message;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestRpcPluginOrdering {
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public void serverSendResponse(RPCContext context) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRpcPluginOrdering() throws Exception {
+  void rpcPluginOrdering() throws Exception {
     OrderPlugin plugin = new OrderPlugin();
 
     SpecificResponder responder = new SpecificResponder(Mail.class, new TestMailImpl());
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslAnonymous.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslAnonymous.java
index ed9c794f0f4..99dbd6f2fc0 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslAnonymous.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslAnonymous.java
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSaslAnonymous extends TestProtocolGeneric {
 
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestSaslAnonymous.class);
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void testHandshake() throws IOException {
+  public void handshake() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void testResponseChange() throws IOException {
+  public void responseChange() throws IOException {
   }
 
   public interface ProtoInterface {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public interface ProtoInterface {
 
   // test big enough to fill socket output buffer
   @Test
-  public void test64kRequest() throws Exception {
+  void test64kRequest() throws Exception {
     SaslSocketServer s = new SaslSocketServer(new ReflectResponder(ProtoInterface.class, (ProtoInterface) b -> b),
         new InetSocketAddress(0));
     s.start();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslDigestMd5.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslDigestMd5.java
index dcd943dde86..87a049361a8 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslDigestMd5.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/TestSaslDigestMd5.java
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.ipc;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -43,9 +46,8 @@
 
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSaslDigestMd5 extends TestProtocolGeneric {
 
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ public void handle(Callback[] callbacks) throws IOException, UnsupportedCallback
     }
   }
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     if (server != null)
       return;
@@ -101,19 +103,21 @@ public void testStartServer() throws Exception {
     requestor = new GenericRequestor(PROTOCOL, client);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SaslException.class)
-  public void testAnonymousClient() throws Exception {
-    Server s = new SaslSocketServer(new TestResponder(), new InetSocketAddress(0), DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM, SERVICE, HOST,
-        DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new TestSaslCallbackHandler());
-    s.start();
-    Transceiver c = new SaslSocketTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(s.getPort()));
-    GenericRequestor requestor = new GenericRequestor(PROTOCOL, c);
-    GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("hello").getRequest());
-    params.put("greeting", "bob");
-    Utf8 response = (Utf8) requestor.request("hello", params);
-    assertEquals(new Utf8("goodbye"), response);
-    s.close();
-    c.close();
+  @Test
+  void anonymousClient() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(SaslException.class, () -> {
+      Server s = new SaslSocketServer(new TestResponder(), new InetSocketAddress(0), DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM, SERVICE,
+          HOST, DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new TestSaslCallbackHandler());
+      s.start();
+      Transceiver c = new SaslSocketTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(s.getPort()));
+      GenericRequestor requestor = new GenericRequestor(PROTOCOL, c);
+      GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("hello").getRequest());
+      params.put("greeting", "bob");
+      Utf8 response = (Utf8) requestor.request("hello", params);
+      assertEquals(new Utf8("goodbye"), response);
+      s.close();
+      c.close();
+    });
   }
 
   private static class WrongPasswordCallbackHandler implements CallbackHandler {
@@ -135,29 +139,31 @@ public void handle(Callback[] callbacks) throws IOException, UnsupportedCallback
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = SaslException.class)
-  public void testWrongPassword() throws Exception {
-    Server s = new SaslSocketServer(new TestResponder(), new InetSocketAddress(0), DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM, SERVICE, HOST,
-        DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new TestSaslCallbackHandler());
-    s.start();
-    SaslClient saslClient = Sasl.createSaslClient(new String[] { DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM }, PRINCIPAL, SERVICE, HOST,
-        DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new WrongPasswordCallbackHandler());
-    Transceiver c = new SaslSocketTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(server.getPort()), saslClient);
-    GenericRequestor requestor = new GenericRequestor(PROTOCOL, c);
-    GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("hello").getRequest());
-    params.put("greeting", "bob");
-    Utf8 response = (Utf8) requestor.request("hello", params);
-    assertEquals(new Utf8("goodbye"), response);
-    s.close();
-    c.close();
+  @Test
+  void wrongPassword() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(SaslException.class, () -> {
+      Server s = new SaslSocketServer(new TestResponder(), new InetSocketAddress(0), DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM, SERVICE,
+          HOST, DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new TestSaslCallbackHandler());
+      s.start();
+      SaslClient saslClient = Sasl.createSaslClient(new String[] { DIGEST_MD5_MECHANISM }, PRINCIPAL, SERVICE, HOST,
+          DIGEST_MD5_PROPS, new WrongPasswordCallbackHandler());
+      Transceiver c = new SaslSocketTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(server.getPort()), saslClient);
+      GenericRequestor requestor = new GenericRequestor(PROTOCOL, c);
+      GenericRecord params = new GenericData.Record(PROTOCOL.getMessages().get("hello").getRequest());
+      params.put("greeting", "bob");
+      Utf8 response = (Utf8) requestor.request("hello", params);
+      assertEquals(new Utf8("goodbye"), response);
+      s.close();
+      c.close();
+    });
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void testHandshake() throws IOException {
+  public void handshake() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public void testResponseChange() throws IOException {
+  public void responseChange() throws IOException {
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/specific/TestSpecificRequestor.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/specific/TestSpecificRequestor.java
index abe33c84126..51402c168db 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/specific/TestSpecificRequestor.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/specific/TestSpecificRequestor.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.specific;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URL;
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.HttpTransceiver;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSpecificRequestor {
   public interface SampleSpecificProtocol {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public interface SampleSpecificProtocol {
 
   static Object proxy;
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void initializeProxy() throws Exception {
     HttpTransceiver client = new HttpTransceiver(new URL("http://localhost"));
     SpecificRequestor requestor = new SpecificRequestor(SampleSpecificProtocol.class, client);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public static void initializeProxy() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHashCode() throws IOException {
+  void testHashCode() throws IOException {
     try {
       proxy.hashCode();
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public void testHashCode() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEquals() throws IOException {
+  void testEquals() throws IOException {
     try {
       proxy.equals(proxy);
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public void testEquals() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testToString() throws IOException {
+  void testToString() throws IOException {
     try {
       proxy.toString();
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestHistogram.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestHistogram.java
index 1e4787c00f3..d8b3aed4a08 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestHistogram.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestHistogram.java
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.stats;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -29,12 +27,12 @@
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.Histogram.Entry;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.stats.Histogram.Segmenter;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestHistogram {
 
   @Test
-  public void testBasicOperation() {
+  void basicOperation() {
     Segmenter<String, Integer> s = new Histogram.TreeMapSegmenter<>(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)));
 
     Histogram<String, Integer> h = new Histogram<>(s);
@@ -92,12 +90,15 @@ public void testBasicOperation() {
 
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = Histogram.SegmenterException.class)
-  public void testBadValue() {
-    Segmenter<String, Long> s = new Histogram.TreeMapSegmenter<>(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 8L, 16L)));
-
-    Histogram<String, Long> h = new Histogram<>(s);
-    h.add(-1L);
+  @Test
+  void badValue() {
+    assertThrows(Histogram.SegmenterException.class, () -> {
+      Segmenter<String, Long> s = new Histogram.TreeMapSegmenter<>(
+          new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 8L, 16L)));
+
+      Histogram<String, Long> h = new Histogram<>(s);
+      h.add(-1L);
+    });
   }
 
   /** Only has one bucket */
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ public int size() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloatHistogram() {
+  void floatHistogram() {
     FloatHistogram<String> h = new FloatHistogram<>(new SingleBucketSegmenter());
     h.add(12.0f);
     h.add(10.0f);
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestStopwatch.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestStopwatch.java
index 74c20c48c86..98d8154c6c3 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestStopwatch.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/TestStopwatch.java
@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.ipc.stats;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestStopwatch {
   @Test
-  public void testNormal() {
+  void normal() {
     FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
     Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
     f.passTime(10);
@@ -37,39 +36,47 @@ public void testNormal() {
     assertEquals(60, s.elapsedNanos());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testNotStarted1() {
-    FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
-    Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
-    s.elapsedNanos();
+  @Test
+  void notStarted1() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
+      Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
+      s.elapsedNanos();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testNotStarted2() {
-    FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
-    Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
-    s.stop();
+  @Test
+  void notStarted2() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
+      Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
+      s.stop();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testTwiceStarted() {
-    FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
-    Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
-    s.start();
-    s.start();
+  @Test
+  void twiceStarted() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
+      Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
+      s.start();
+      s.start();
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-  public void testTwiceStopped() {
-    FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
-    Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
-    s.start();
-    s.stop();
-    s.stop();
+  @Test
+  void twiceStopped() {
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+      FakeTicks f = new FakeTicks();
+      Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(f);
+      s.start();
+      s.stop();
+      s.stop();
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSystemStopwatch() {
+  void systemStopwatch() {
     Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(Stopwatch.SYSTEM_TICKS);
     s.start();
     s.stop();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestCustomSchemaStore.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestCustomSchemaStore.java
index 3f06daad5fb..9af70daa60f 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestCustomSchemaStore.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/message/TestCustomSchemaStore.java
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.evolve.NestedEvolve3;
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.evolve.TestRecord2;
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.schema.evolve.TestRecord3;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 public class TestCustomSchemaStore {
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public Schema findByFingerprint(long fingerprint) {
   private BinaryMessageDecoder<NestedEvolve1> decoder = NestedEvolve1.createDecoder(new CustomSchemaStore());
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompatibleReadWithSchemaFromSchemaStore() throws Exception {
+  void compatibleReadWithSchemaFromSchemaStore() throws Exception {
     // Create and encode a NestedEvolve2 record.
     NestedEvolve2.Builder rootBuilder = NestedEvolve2.newBuilder().setRootName("RootName");
     rootBuilder.setNested(TestRecord2.newBuilder().setName("Name").setValue(1).setData("Data").build());
@@ -66,16 +67,18 @@ public void testCompatibleReadWithSchemaFromSchemaStore() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(nestedEvolve1.getNested().getValue(), 1);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = MissingSchemaException.class)
-  public void testIncompatibleReadWithSchemaFromSchemaStore() throws Exception {
-    // Create and encode a NestedEvolve3 record.
-    NestedEvolve3.Builder rootBuilder = NestedEvolve3.newBuilder().setRootName("RootName");
-    rootBuilder.setNested(TestRecord3.newBuilder().setName("Name").setData("Data").build());
-    ByteBuffer nestedEvolve3Buffer = rootBuilder.build().toByteBuffer();
+  @Test
+  void incompatibleReadWithSchemaFromSchemaStore() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(MissingSchemaException.class, () -> {
+      // Create and encode a NestedEvolve3 record.
+      NestedEvolve3.Builder rootBuilder = NestedEvolve3.newBuilder().setRootName("RootName");
+      rootBuilder.setNested(TestRecord3.newBuilder().setName("Name").setData("Data").build());
+      ByteBuffer nestedEvolve3Buffer = rootBuilder.build().toByteBuffer();
 
-    // Decode it ... should fail because schema for 'NestedEvolve3' is not available
-    // in the SchemaStore
-    decoder.decode(nestedEvolve3Buffer);
+      // Decode it ... should fail because schema for 'NestedEvolve3' is not available
+      // in the SchemaStore
+      decoder.decode(nestedEvolve3Buffer);
+    });
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificBuilderTree.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificBuilderTree.java
index f0e4cb4b744..7a8b585699f 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificBuilderTree.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificBuilderTree.java
@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Optional;
@@ -33,7 +30,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.http.Request;
 import org.apache.avro.test.http.UserAgent;
 import org.apache.avro.test.nullable.RecordWithNullables;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSpecificBuilderTree {
 
@@ -57,20 +54,22 @@ private Request.Builder createPartialBuilder() {
     return requestBuilder;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroMissingFieldException.class)
-  public void failOnIncompleteTree() {
-    try {
-      createPartialBuilder().build();
-    } catch (AvroMissingFieldException amfe) {
-      assertEquals("Field networkAddress type:STRING pos:1 not set and has no default value", amfe.getMessage());
-      assertEquals("Path in schema: --> connection --> networkAddress", amfe.toString());
-      throw amfe;
-    }
-    fail("Should NEVER get here");
+  @Test
+  void failOnIncompleteTree() {
+    assertThrows(AvroMissingFieldException.class, () -> {
+      try {
+        createPartialBuilder().build();
+      } catch (AvroMissingFieldException amfe) {
+        assertEquals("Field networkAddress type:STRING pos:1 not set and has no default value", amfe.getMessage());
+        assertEquals("Path in schema: --> connection --> networkAddress", amfe.toString());
+        throw amfe;
+      }
+      fail("Should NEVER get here");
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void copyBuilder() {
+  void copyBuilder() {
     Request.Builder requestBuilder1 = createPartialBuilder();
 
     Request.Builder requestBuilder2 = Request.newBuilder(requestBuilder1);
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ public void copyBuilder() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void createBuilderFromInstance() {
+  void createBuilderFromInstance() {
     Request.Builder requestBuilder1 = createPartialBuilder();
     requestBuilder1.getConnectionBuilder().setNetworkAddress("1.1.1.1");
 
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ private Request.Builder createLastOneTestsBuilder() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void lastOneWins_Setter() {
+  void lastOneWins_Setter() {
     Request.Builder requestBuilder = createLastOneTestsBuilder();
 
     requestBuilder.getHttpRequestBuilder().getURIBuilder().setMethod(HttpMethod.GET).setPath("/index.html");
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ public void lastOneWins_Setter() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void lastOneWins_Builder() {
+  void lastOneWins_Builder() {
     Request.Builder requestBuilder = createLastOneTestsBuilder();
 
     HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder().setUserAgent(new UserAgent("Bar", "Firefox 321"))
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ public void lastOneWins_Builder() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void copyBuilderWithNullables() {
+  void copyBuilderWithNullables() {
     RecordWithNullables.Builder builder = RecordWithNullables.newBuilder();
 
     assertFalse(builder.hasNullableRecordBuilder());
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ public void copyBuilderWithNullables() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void copyBuilderWithNullablesAndSetToNull() {
+  void copyBuilderWithNullablesAndSetToNull() {
     // Create builder with all values default to null, yet unset.
     RecordWithNullables.Builder builder = RecordWithNullables.newBuilder();
 
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@ public void copyBuilderWithNullablesAndSetToNull() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getBuilderForRecordWithNullRecord() {
+  void getBuilderForRecordWithNullRecord() {
     // Create a record with all nullable fields set to the default value : null
     RecordWithNullables recordWithNullables = RecordWithNullables.newBuilder().build();
 
@@ -291,19 +290,19 @@ public void getBuilderForRecordWithNullRecord() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getBuilderForNullRecord() {
+  void getBuilderForNullRecord() {
     // In the past this caused an NPE
     RecordWithNullables.newBuilder((RecordWithNullables) null);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getBuilderForNullBuilder() {
+  void getBuilderForNullBuilder() {
     // In the past this caused an NPE
     RecordWithNullables.newBuilder((RecordWithNullables.Builder) null);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void validateBrowsingOptionals() {
+  void validateBrowsingOptionals() {
     Request.Builder requestBuilder = Request.newBuilder();
     requestBuilder.setTimestamp(1234567890);
 
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
index 642e2c7fe93..511c9284c6e 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificData.java
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
@@ -40,21 +43,20 @@
 import org.apache.avro.test.MD5;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Reserved;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestSpecificData {
 
-  @Test
   /** Make sure that even with nulls, hashCode() doesn't throw NPE. */
-  public void testHashCode() {
+  @Test
+  void testHashCode() {
     new TestRecord().hashCode();
     SpecificData.get().hashCode(null, TestRecord.SCHEMA$);
   }
 
-  @Test
   /** Make sure that even with nulls, toString() doesn't throw NPE. */
-  public void testToString() {
+  @Test
+  void testToString() {
     new TestRecord().toString();
   }
 
@@ -63,13 +65,13 @@ private static class X {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetMapSchema() throws Exception {
+  void getMapSchema() throws Exception {
     SpecificData.get().getSchema(X.class.getField("map").getGenericType());
   }
 
-  @Test
   /** Test nesting of specific data within generic. */
-  public void testSpecificWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  void specificWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
     // define a record with a field that's a generated TestRecord
     Schema schema = Schema.createRecord("Foo", "", "x.y.z", false);
     List<Schema.Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ public void testSpecificWithinGeneric() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertGenericToSpecific() {
+  void convertGenericToSpecific() {
     GenericRecord generic = new GenericData.Record(TestRecord.SCHEMA$);
     generic.put("name", "foo");
     generic.put("kind", new GenericData.EnumSymbol(Kind.SCHEMA$, "BAR"));
@@ -103,14 +105,14 @@ public void testConvertGenericToSpecific() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetClassSchema() throws Exception {
-    Assert.assertEquals(TestRecord.getClassSchema(), TestRecord.SCHEMA$);
-    Assert.assertEquals(MD5.getClassSchema(), MD5.SCHEMA$);
-    Assert.assertEquals(Kind.getClassSchema(), Kind.SCHEMA$);
+  void getClassSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(TestRecord.getClassSchema(), TestRecord.SCHEMA$);
+    assertEquals(MD5.getClassSchema(), MD5.SCHEMA$);
+    assertEquals(Kind.getClassSchema(), Kind.SCHEMA$);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificRecordToString() throws IOException {
+  void specificRecordToString() throws IOException {
     FooBarSpecificRecord foo = FooBarSpecificRecord.newBuilder().setId(123).setName("foo")
         .setNicknames(Collections.singletonList("bar")).setRelatedids(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3)).setTypeEnum(TypeEnum.c)
         .build();
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ public void testSpecificRecordToString() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testExternalizeable() throws Exception {
+  void externalizeable() throws Exception {
     TestRecord before = new TestRecord();
     before.setName("foo");
     before.setKind(Kind.BAR);
@@ -138,13 +140,13 @@ public void testExternalizeable() throws Exception {
     ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes.toByteArray()));
     TestRecord after = (TestRecord) in.readObject();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(before, after);
+    assertEquals(before, after);
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReservedEnumSymbol() throws Exception {
-    Assert.assertEquals(Reserved.default$, SpecificData.get().createEnum("default", Reserved.SCHEMA$));
+  void reservedEnumSymbol() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(Reserved.default$, SpecificData.get().createEnum("default", Reserved.SCHEMA$));
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java
index d6a7911234c..208f6a00e40 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumReader.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import test.StringablesRecord;
 
 public class TestSpecificDatumReader {
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ public static byte[] serializeRecord(StringablesRecord stringablesRecord) throws
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead() throws IOException {
+  void read() throws IOException {
     Builder newBuilder = FooBarSpecificRecord.newBuilder();
     newBuilder.setId(42);
     newBuilder.setName("foo");
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ public void testRead() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testStringables() throws IOException {
+  void stringables() throws IOException {
     StringablesRecord.Builder newBuilder = StringablesRecord.newBuilder();
     newBuilder.setValue(new BigDecimal("42.11"));
     HashMap<String, BigDecimal> mapWithBigDecimalElements = new HashMap<>();
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumWriter.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumWriter.java
index 989fb15c060..46d8f9292f3 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificDatumWriter.java
@@ -20,20 +20,31 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.avro.ArrayRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.AvroTypeException;
+import org.apache.avro.MapRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.MapRecordEnum;
+import org.apache.avro.RecordWithRequiredFields;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.UnionRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.JsonEncoder;
 import org.apache.avro.test.Kind;
 import org.apache.avro.test.MD5;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecordWithUnion;
 import org.apache.avro.test.TestRecord;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestSpecificDatumWriter {
   @Test
-  public void testResolveUnion() throws IOException {
+  void resolveUnion() throws IOException {
     final SpecificDatumWriter<TestRecordWithUnion> writer = new SpecificDatumWriter<>();
     Schema schema = TestRecordWithUnion.SCHEMA$;
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -53,7 +64,7 @@ public void testResolveUnion() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIncompleteRecord() throws IOException {
+  void incompleteRecord() throws IOException {
     final SpecificDatumWriter<TestRecord> writer = new SpecificDatumWriter<>();
     Schema schema = TestRecord.SCHEMA$;
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -69,9 +80,133 @@ public void testIncompleteRecord() throws IOException {
       writer.write(testRecord, encoder);
       fail("Exception not thrown");
     } catch (NullPointerException e) {
-      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("null of string in field 'name'"));
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("null value for (non-nullable) string at TestRecord.name"));
     } finally {
       out.close();
     }
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedNPEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField().get("a").setStrField(null);
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, false);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField[\"a\"].strField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedNPEErrorClarityWithCustomCoders() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField().get("a").setEnumField(null);
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, true);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getMessage().contains("custom coders were used"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nPEForMapKeyErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    Map<String, MapRecord> map = topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField();
+    map.put(null, map.get("a")); // value is valid, but key is null
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, false);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("null key in map at RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nPEForMapKeyErrorClarityWithCustomCoders() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    Map<String, MapRecord> map = topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField();
+    map.put(null, map.get("a")); // value is valid, but key is null
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, true);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getMessage().contains("custom coders were used"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedATEErrorClarity() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField().get("a").setEnumField(null); // not an enum
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, false);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (AvroTypeException expected) {
+      assertTrue(
+          expected.getMessage()
+              .contains("RecordWithRequiredFields.unionField[UnionRecord].arrayField[0].mapField[\"a\"].enumField"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void nestedATEErrorClarityWithCustomCoders() throws Exception {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = buildComplexRecord();
+    topLevelRecord.getUnionField().getArrayField().get(0).getMapField().get("a").setEnumField(null); // not an enum
+    try {
+      writeObject(topLevelRecord, true);
+      fail("expected to throw");
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      // with custom coders this gets us an NPE ...
+      assertTrue(expected.getMessage().contains("custom coders were used"),
+          "unexpected message " + expected.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private RecordWithRequiredFields buildComplexRecord() {
+    RecordWithRequiredFields topLevelRecord = new RecordWithRequiredFields();
+    UnionRecord unionRecord = new UnionRecord();
+    ArrayRecord arrayRecord1 = new ArrayRecord();
+    ArrayRecord arrayRecord2 = new ArrayRecord();
+    MapRecord mapRecordA = new MapRecord();
+    mapRecordA.setEnumField(MapRecordEnum.B);
+    mapRecordA.setStrField("4");
+    arrayRecord1.setStrField("2");
+    Map<String, MapRecord> map1 = new HashMap<>();
+    map1.put("a", mapRecordA);
+    arrayRecord1.setMapField(map1);
+    arrayRecord2.setStrField("2");
+    Map<String, MapRecord> map2 = new HashMap<>();
+    map2.put("a", mapRecordA);
+    arrayRecord2.setMapField(map2);
+    unionRecord.setStrField("1");
+    unionRecord.setArrayField(Arrays.asList(arrayRecord1, arrayRecord2));
+    topLevelRecord.setStrField("0");
+    topLevelRecord.setUnionField(unionRecord);
+
+    return topLevelRecord;
+  }
+
+  private void writeObject(IndexedRecord datum, boolean useCustomCoders) throws Exception {
+    writeObject(datum.getSchema(), datum, useCustomCoders);
+  }
+
+  private void writeObject(Schema schema, Object datum, boolean useCustomCoders) throws Exception {
+    BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(new ByteArrayOutputStream(), null);
+    SpecificData specificData = new SpecificData();
+    specificData.setCustomCoders(useCustomCoders);
+    SpecificDatumWriter<Object> writer = new SpecificDatumWriter<>(schema, specificData);
+    writer.write(datum, encoder);
+    encoder.flush();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificErrorBuilder.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificErrorBuilder.java
index 6b2b0f0d8ab..e1212faf391 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificErrorBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificErrorBuilder.java
@@ -17,55 +17,58 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import org.apache.avro.test.errors.TestError;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for the SpecificErrorBuilderBase class.
  */
 public class TestSpecificErrorBuilder {
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificErrorBuilder() {
+  void specificErrorBuilder() {
     TestError.Builder testErrorBuilder = TestError.newBuilder().setValue("value").setCause(new NullPointerException())
         .setMessage$("message$");
 
     // Test has methods
-    Assert.assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasValue());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getValue());
-    Assert.assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasCause());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getCause());
-    Assert.assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasMessage$());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getMessage$());
+    assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasValue());
+    assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getValue());
+    assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasCause());
+    assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getCause());
+    assertTrue(testErrorBuilder.hasMessage$());
+    assertNotNull(testErrorBuilder.getMessage$());
 
     TestError testError = testErrorBuilder.build();
-    Assert.assertEquals("value", testError.getValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals("value", testError.getMessage());
-    Assert.assertEquals("message$", testError.getMessage$());
+    assertEquals("value", testError.getValue());
+    assertEquals("value", testError.getMessage());
+    assertEquals("message$", testError.getMessage$());
 
     // Test copy constructor
-    Assert.assertEquals(testErrorBuilder, TestError.newBuilder(testErrorBuilder));
-    Assert.assertEquals(testErrorBuilder, TestError.newBuilder(testError));
+    assertEquals(testErrorBuilder, TestError.newBuilder(testErrorBuilder));
+    assertEquals(testErrorBuilder, TestError.newBuilder(testError));
 
     TestError error = new TestError("value", new NullPointerException());
     error.setMessage$("message");
-    Assert.assertEquals(error,
+    assertEquals(error,
         TestError.newBuilder().setValue("value").setCause(new NullPointerException()).setMessage$("message").build());
 
     // Test clear
     testErrorBuilder.clearValue();
-    Assert.assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasValue());
-    Assert.assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getValue());
+    assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasValue());
+    assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getValue());
     testErrorBuilder.clearCause();
-    Assert.assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasCause());
-    Assert.assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getCause());
+    assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasCause());
+    assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getCause());
     testErrorBuilder.clearMessage$();
-    Assert.assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasMessage$());
-    Assert.assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getMessage$());
+    assertFalse(testErrorBuilder.hasMessage$());
+    assertNull(testErrorBuilder.getMessage$());
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
-    TestError.newBuilder().setMessage$(null);
+  @Test
+  void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
+    assertThrows(org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      TestError.newBuilder().setMessage$(null);
+    });
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordBuilder.java b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordBuilder.java
index 867876a86d5..fda08b53d47 100644
--- a/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/ipc/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestSpecificRecordBuilder.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.specific;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -32,88 +34,87 @@
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.PageView;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.Person;
 import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.ProductPage;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for the SpecificRecordBuilder class.
  */
 public class TestSpecificRecordBuilder {
   @Test
-  public void testSpecificBuilder() {
+  void specificBuilder() {
     // Create a new builder, and leave some fields with default values empty:
     Person.Builder builder = Person.newBuilder().setName("James Gosling").setYearOfBirth(1955).setState("CA");
-    Assert.assertTrue(builder.hasName());
-    Assert.assertEquals("James Gosling", builder.getName());
-    Assert.assertTrue(builder.hasYearOfBirth());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1955, builder.getYearOfBirth());
-    Assert.assertFalse(builder.hasCountry());
-    Assert.assertNull(builder.getCountry());
-    Assert.assertTrue(builder.hasState());
-    Assert.assertEquals("CA", builder.getState());
-    Assert.assertFalse(builder.hasFriends());
-    Assert.assertNull(builder.getFriends());
-    Assert.assertFalse(builder.hasLanguages());
-    Assert.assertNull(builder.getLanguages());
+    assertTrue(builder.hasName());
+    assertEquals("James Gosling", builder.getName());
+    assertTrue(builder.hasYearOfBirth());
+    assertEquals(1955, builder.getYearOfBirth());
+    assertFalse(builder.hasCountry());
+    assertNull(builder.getCountry());
+    assertTrue(builder.hasState());
+    assertEquals("CA", builder.getState());
+    assertFalse(builder.hasFriends());
+    assertNull(builder.getFriends());
+    assertFalse(builder.hasLanguages());
+    assertNull(builder.getLanguages());
 
     Person person = builder.build();
-    Assert.assertEquals("James Gosling", person.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1955, person.getYearOfBirth());
-    Assert.assertEquals("US", person.getCountry()); // country should default to "US"
-    Assert.assertEquals("CA", person.getState());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(person.getFriends()); // friends should default to an empty list
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, person.getFriends().size());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(person.getLanguages()); // Languages should now be "English" and "Java"
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, person.getLanguages().size());
-    Assert.assertEquals("English", person.getLanguages().get(0));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Java", person.getLanguages().get(1));
+    assertEquals("James Gosling", person.getName());
+    assertEquals(1955, person.getYearOfBirth());
+    assertEquals("US", person.getCountry()); // country should default to "US"
+    assertEquals("CA", person.getState());
+    assertNotNull(person.getFriends()); // friends should default to an empty list
+    assertEquals(0, person.getFriends().size());
+    assertNotNull(person.getLanguages()); // Languages should now be "English" and "Java"
+    assertEquals(2, person.getLanguages().size());
+    assertEquals("English", person.getLanguages().get(0));
+    assertEquals("Java", person.getLanguages().get(1));
 
     // Test copy constructors:
-    Assert.assertEquals(builder, Person.newBuilder(builder));
-    Assert.assertEquals(person, Person.newBuilder(person).build());
+    assertEquals(builder, Person.newBuilder(builder));
+    assertEquals(person, Person.newBuilder(person).build());
 
     Person.Builder builderCopy = Person.newBuilder(person);
-    Assert.assertEquals("James Gosling", builderCopy.getName());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1955, builderCopy.getYearOfBirth());
-    Assert.assertEquals("US", builderCopy.getCountry()); // country should default to "US"
-    Assert.assertEquals("CA", builderCopy.getState());
-    Assert.assertNotNull(builderCopy.getFriends()); // friends should default to an empty list
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, builderCopy.getFriends().size());
+    assertEquals("James Gosling", builderCopy.getName());
+    assertEquals(1955, builderCopy.getYearOfBirth());
+    assertEquals("US", builderCopy.getCountry()); // country should default to "US"
+    assertEquals("CA", builderCopy.getState());
+    assertNotNull(builderCopy.getFriends()); // friends should default to an empty list
+    assertEquals(0, builderCopy.getFriends().size());
 
     // Test clearing fields:
     builderCopy.clearFriends().clearCountry();
-    Assert.assertFalse(builderCopy.hasFriends());
-    Assert.assertFalse(builderCopy.hasCountry());
-    Assert.assertNull(builderCopy.getFriends());
-    Assert.assertNull(builderCopy.getCountry());
+    assertFalse(builderCopy.hasFriends());
+    assertFalse(builderCopy.hasCountry());
+    assertNull(builderCopy.getFriends());
+    assertNull(builderCopy.getCountry());
     Person person2 = builderCopy.build();
-    Assert.assertNotNull(person2.getFriends());
-    Assert.assertTrue(person2.getFriends().isEmpty());
+    assertNotNull(person2.getFriends());
+    assertTrue(person2.getFriends().isEmpty());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnions() {
+  void unions() {
     long datetime = 1234L;
     String product = "widget";
     PageView p = PageView.newBuilder().setDatetime(1234L)
         .setPageContext(ProductPage.newBuilder().setProduct(product).build()).build();
-    Assert.assertEquals(datetime, p.getDatetime());
-    Assert.assertEquals(ProductPage.class, p.getPageContext().getClass());
-    Assert.assertEquals(product, ((ProductPage) p.getPageContext()).getProduct());
+    assertEquals(datetime, p.getDatetime());
+    assertEquals(ProductPage.class, p.getPageContext().getClass());
+    assertEquals(product, ((ProductPage) p.getPageContext()).getProduct());
 
     PageView p2 = PageView.newBuilder(p).build();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(datetime, p2.getDatetime());
-    Assert.assertEquals(ProductPage.class, p2.getPageContext().getClass());
-    Assert.assertEquals(product, ((ProductPage) p2.getPageContext()).getProduct());
+    assertEquals(datetime, p2.getDatetime());
+    assertEquals(ProductPage.class, p2.getPageContext().getClass());
+    assertEquals(product, ((ProductPage) p2.getPageContext()).getProduct());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(p, p2);
+    assertEquals(p, p2);
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInterop() {
+  void interop() {
     Interop interop = Interop.newBuilder().setNullField(null).setArrayField(Arrays.asList(3.14159265, 6.022))
         .setBoolField(true).setBytesField(ByteBuffer.allocate(4).put(new byte[] { 3, 2, 1, 0 })).setDoubleField(1.41421)
         .setEnumField(Kind.C).setFixedField(new MD5(new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3 }))
@@ -122,60 +123,64 @@ public void testInterop() {
         .setUnionField(2.71828).build();
 
     Interop copy = Interop.newBuilder(interop).build();
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getArrayField().size(), copy.getArrayField().size());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getArrayField(), copy.getArrayField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getBoolField(), copy.getBoolField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getBytesField(), copy.getBytesField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getDoubleField(), copy.getDoubleField(), 0.001);
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getEnumField(), copy.getEnumField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getFixedField(), copy.getFixedField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getFloatField(), copy.getFloatField(), 0.001);
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getIntField(), copy.getIntField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getLongField(), copy.getLongField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getMapField(), copy.getMapField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getRecordField(), copy.getRecordField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getStringField(), copy.getStringField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop.getUnionField(), copy.getUnionField());
-    Assert.assertEquals(interop, copy);
+    assertEquals(interop.getArrayField().size(), copy.getArrayField().size());
+    assertEquals(interop.getArrayField(), copy.getArrayField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getBoolField(), copy.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getBytesField(), copy.getBytesField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getDoubleField(), copy.getDoubleField(), 0.001);
+    assertEquals(interop.getEnumField(), copy.getEnumField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getFixedField(), copy.getFixedField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getFloatField(), copy.getFloatField(), 0.001);
+    assertEquals(interop.getIntField(), copy.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getLongField(), copy.getLongField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getMapField(), copy.getMapField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getRecordField(), copy.getRecordField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getStringField(), copy.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(interop.getUnionField(), copy.getUnionField());
+    assertEquals(interop, copy);
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
-    Person.newBuilder().setName(null);
+  @Test
+  void attemptToSetNonNullableFieldToNull() {
+    assertThrows(org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Person.newBuilder().setName(null);
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields1() {
-    Person.newBuilder().build();
+  @Test
+  void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields1() {
+    assertThrows(org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      Person.newBuilder().build();
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields2() {
+  void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields2() {
     // Omit required non-primitive field
     try {
       Person.newBuilder().setYearOfBirth(1900).setState("MA").build();
-      Assert.fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
+      fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
       // Exception should mention that the 'name' field has not been set
-      Assert.assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("name"));
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("name"));
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields3() {
+  void buildWithoutSettingRequiredFields3() {
     // Omit required primitive field
     try {
       Person.newBuilder().setName("Anon").setState("CA").build();
-      Assert.fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
+      fail("Should have thrown " + AvroRuntimeException.class.getCanonicalName());
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
       // Exception should mention that the 'year_of_birth' field has not been set
-      Assert.assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("year_of_birth"));
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("year_of_birth"));
     }
   }
 
-  @Ignore
+  @Disabled
   @Test
-  public void testBuilderPerformance() {
+  void builderPerformance() {
     int count = 1000000;
     List<Person> friends = new ArrayList<>(0);
     List<String> languages = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("English", "Java"));
@@ -190,9 +195,9 @@ public void testBuilderPerformance() {
         + " records/sec, " + (durationMillis / count) + "ms/record");
   }
 
-  @Ignore
+  @Disabled
   @Test
-  public void testBuilderPerformanceWithDefaultValues() {
+  void builderPerformanceWithDefaultValues() {
     int count = 1000000;
     long startTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
     for (int ii = 0; ii < count; ii++) {
@@ -204,10 +209,10 @@ public void testBuilderPerformanceWithDefaultValues() {
         + " records/sec, " + (durationMillis / count) + "ms/record");
   }
 
-  @Ignore
+  @Disabled
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testManualBuildPerformance() {
+  void manualBuildPerformance() {
     int count = 1000000;
     List<Person> friends = new ArrayList<>(0);
     List<String> languages = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("English", "Java"));
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/pom.xml b/lang/java/mapred/pom.xml
index 737bb38bf06..1e5362d3d69 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-mapred</artifactId>
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
       org.apache.avro.mapred*;version="${project.version}",
       org.apache.avro.hadoop*;version="${project.version}",
     </osgi.export>
+    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
+    <maven.compiler.release>8</maven.compiler.release>
   </properties>
 
   <build>
@@ -194,8 +196,8 @@
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
-      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/HadoopCodecFactory.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/HadoopCodecFactory.java
index 1cba5ad818b..4974c4f92dd 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/HadoopCodecFactory.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/HadoopCodecFactory.java
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@
  * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec} will map to
  * {@code snappy}</li>
  * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec} will map to
- * {@code zbip2}</li>
+ * {@code bzip2}</li>
  * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GZipCodec} will map to
  * {@code deflate}</li>
+ * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.ZStandardCodec} will map to
+ * {@code zstandard}</li>
  * </ul>
  */
 public class HadoopCodecFactory {
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ public class HadoopCodecFactory {
     HADOOP_AVRO_NAME_MAP.put("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec", "snappy");
     HADOOP_AVRO_NAME_MAP.put("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec", "bzip2");
     HADOOP_AVRO_NAME_MAP.put("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GZipCodec", "deflate");
+    HADOOP_AVRO_NAME_MAP.put("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.ZStandardCodec", "zstandard");
   }
 
   /**
@@ -61,9 +64,11 @@ public class HadoopCodecFactory {
    * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec} will map to
    * {@code snappy}</li>
    * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec} will map to
-   * {@code zbip2}</li>
+   * {@code bzip2}</li>
    * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GZipCodec} will map to
    * {@code deflate}</li>
+   * <li>{@code org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.ZStandardCodec} will map to
+   * {@code zstandard}</li>
    * </ul>
    */
   public static CodecFactory fromHadoopString(String hadoopCodecClass) {
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/AvroOutputFormatBase.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/AvroOutputFormatBase.java
index 587d787f27d..5aa84b341d8 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/AvroOutputFormatBase.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/AvroOutputFormatBase.java
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputCommitter;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.OutputCommitter;
 
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants;
 import org.apache.avro.hadoop.file.HadoopCodecFactory;
@@ -85,6 +86,18 @@ protected static CodecFactory getCompressionCodec(TaskAttemptContext context) {
     return CodecFactory.nullCodec();
   }
 
+  private Path getWorkPathFromCommitter(TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException {
+    // When Hadoop 2 support is dropped, this method removed to a simple cast
+    // See https://github.com/apache/avro/pull/1431/
+    OutputCommitter committer = getOutputCommitter(context);
+    try {
+      return (Path) committer.getClass().getMethod("getWorkPath").invoke(committer);
+    } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+      throw new AvroRuntimeException(
+          "Committer: " + committer.getClass().getName() + " does not have method getWorkPath", e);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Gets the target output stream where the Avro container file should be
    * written.
@@ -93,7 +106,7 @@ protected static CodecFactory getCompressionCodec(TaskAttemptContext context) {
    * @return The target output stream.
    */
   protected OutputStream getAvroFileOutputStream(TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException {
-    Path path = new Path(((FileOutputCommitter) getOutputCommitter(context)).getWorkPath(),
+    Path path = new Path(getWorkPathFromCommitter(context),
         getUniqueFile(context, context.getConfiguration().get("avro.mo.config.namedOutput", "part"),
             org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroOutputFormat.EXT));
     return path.getFileSystem(context.getConfiguration()).create(path);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestHadoopCodecFactory.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestHadoopCodecFactory.java
index 0543a4824f0..6e47aa7bb70 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestHadoopCodecFactory.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestHadoopCodecFactory.java
@@ -17,44 +17,52 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.file;
 
-import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestHadoopCodecFactory {
 
   @Test
-  public void testHadoopCodecFactoryDeflate() {
+  void hadoopCodecFactoryDeflate() {
     CodecFactory hadoopDeflateCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DeflateCodec");
     CodecFactory avroDeflateCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("deflate");
-    assertTrue(hadoopDeflateCodec.getClass().equals(avroDeflateCodec.getClass()));
+    assertEquals(hadoopDeflateCodec.getClass(), avroDeflateCodec.getClass());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHadoopCodecFactorySnappy() {
+  void hadoopCodecFactorySnappy() {
     CodecFactory hadoopSnappyCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec");
     CodecFactory avroSnappyCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("snappy");
-    assertTrue(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass().equals(avroSnappyCodec.getClass()));
+    assertEquals(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass(), avroSnappyCodec.getClass());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHadoopCodecFactoryBZip2() {
+  void hadoopCodecFactoryBZip2() {
     CodecFactory hadoopSnappyCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec");
     CodecFactory avroSnappyCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("bzip2");
-    assertTrue(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass().equals(avroSnappyCodec.getClass()));
+    assertEquals(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass(), avroSnappyCodec.getClass());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHadoopCodecFactoryGZip() {
+  void hadoopCodecFactoryGZip() {
     CodecFactory hadoopSnappyCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GZipCodec");
     CodecFactory avroSnappyCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("deflate");
-    assertTrue(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass().equals(avroSnappyCodec.getClass()));
+    assertEquals(hadoopSnappyCodec.getClass(), avroSnappyCodec.getClass());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHadoopCodecFactoryFail() {
+  void hadoopCodecFactoryFail() {
     CodecFactory hadoopSnappyCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.FooCodec");
-    assertTrue(hadoopSnappyCodec == null);
+    assertNull(hadoopSnappyCodec);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void hadoopCodecFactoryZstd() {
+    CodecFactory hadoopZstdCodec = HadoopCodecFactory.fromHadoopString("org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.ZStandardCodec");
+    CodecFactory avroZstdCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("zstandard");
+    assertEquals(hadoopZstdCodec.getClass(), avroZstdCodec.getClass());
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestSortedKeyValueFile.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestSortedKeyValueFile.java
index 1b1de3d643d..dedc9510ab4 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestSortedKeyValueFile.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/file/TestSortedKeyValueFile.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.file;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -40,41 +40,42 @@
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class TestSortedKeyValueFile {
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestSortedKeyValueFile.class);
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testWriteOutOfSortedOrder() throws IOException {
-    LOG.debug("Writing some records to a SortedKeyValueFile...");
-
-    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
-    SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options options = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options()
-        .withKeySchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)).withValueSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
-                                                                                                                  // every
-                                                                                                                  // other
-                                                                                                                  // record.
-
-    try (SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<CharSequence, CharSequence> writer = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<>(options)) {
-      Utf8 key = new Utf8(); // re-use key, to test copied
-      writer.append(key.set("banana"), "Banana");
-      writer.append(key.set("apple"), "Apple"); // Ruh, roh!
-    }
+  @Test
+  void writeOutOfSortedOrder() throws IOException {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      LOG.debug("Writing some records to a SortedKeyValueFile...");
+
+      Configuration conf = new Configuration();
+      SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options options = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options()
+          .withKeySchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)).withValueSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
+          .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
+      // every
+      // other
+      // record.
+
+      try (SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<CharSequence, CharSequence> writer = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<>(options)) {
+        Utf8 key = new Utf8(); // re-use key, to test copied
+        writer.append(key.set("banana"), "Banana");
+        writer.append(key.set("apple"), "Apple"); // Ruh, roh!
+      }
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNamedCodecs() throws IOException {
+  void namedCodecs() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
-    Path myfile = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile");
+    Path myfile = new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile");
     Schema key = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema value = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema recordSchema = AvroKeyValue.getSchema(key, value);
@@ -102,9 +103,9 @@ public void testNamedCodecs() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDeflateClassCodec() throws IOException {
+  void deflateClassCodec() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
-    Path myfile = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile");
+    Path myfile = new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile");
     Schema key = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema value = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema recordSchema = AvroKeyValue.getSchema(key, value);
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ public void testDeflateClassCodec() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBadCodec() throws IOException {
+  void badCodec() throws IOException {
     LOG.debug("Using a bad codec for a SortedKeyValueFile...");
 
     try {
@@ -136,16 +137,16 @@ public void testBadCodec() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriter() throws IOException {
+  void writer() throws IOException {
     LOG.debug("Writing some records to a SortedKeyValueFile...");
 
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options options = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options()
         .withKeySchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)).withValueSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
-                                                                                                                  // every
-                                                                                                                  // other
-                                                                                                                  // record.
+        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
+    // every
+    // other
+    // record.
 
     try (SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<CharSequence, CharSequence> writer = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<>(options)) {
       writer.append("apple", "Apple"); // Will be indexed.
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ public void testWriter() throws IOException {
     }
 
     LOG.debug("Checking the generated directory...");
-    File directory = new File(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile");
+    File directory = new File(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile");
     assertTrue(directory.exists());
 
     LOG.debug("Checking the generated index file...");
@@ -202,14 +203,14 @@ public void testWriter() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReader() throws IOException {
+  void reader() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options writerOptions = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options()
         .withKeySchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)).withValueSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
-                                                                                                                  // every
-                                                                                                                  // other
-                                                                                                                  // record.
+        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile")).withIndexInterval(2); // Index
+    // every
+    // other
+    // record.
 
     try (
         SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<CharSequence, CharSequence> writer = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<>(writerOptions)) {
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ public void testReader() throws IOException {
     LOG.debug("Reading the file back using a reader...");
     SortedKeyValueFile.Reader.Options readerOptions = new SortedKeyValueFile.Reader.Options()
         .withKeySchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING)).withValueSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "myfile"));
+        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "myfile"));
 
     try (
         SortedKeyValueFile.Reader<CharSequence, CharSequence> reader = new SortedKeyValueFile.Reader<>(readerOptions)) {
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ public int compareTo(Stringy that) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAlternateModel() throws Exception {
+  void alternateModel() throws Exception {
     LOG.debug("Writing some reflect records...");
 
     ReflectData model = ReflectData.get();
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ public void testAlternateModel() throws Exception {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options options = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer.Options()
         .withKeySchema(model.getSchema(Stringy.class)).withValueSchema(model.getSchema(Stringy.class))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "reflect")).withDataModel(model)
+        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "reflect")).withDataModel(model)
         .withIndexInterval(2);
 
     try (SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<Stringy, Stringy> writer = new SortedKeyValueFile.Writer<>(options)) {
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ public void testAlternateModel() throws Exception {
     LOG.debug("Reading the file back using a reader...");
     SortedKeyValueFile.Reader.Options readerOptions = new SortedKeyValueFile.Reader.Options()
         .withKeySchema(model.getSchema(Stringy.class)).withValueSchema(model.getSchema(Stringy.class))
-        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "reflect")).withDataModel(model);
+        .withConfiguration(conf).withPath(new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "reflect")).withDataModel(model);
 
     try (SortedKeyValueFile.Reader<Stringy, Stringy> reader = new SortedKeyValueFile.Reader<>(readerOptions)) {
       assertEquals(new Stringy("Carrot"), reader.get(new Stringy("carrot")));
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroDatumConverterFactory.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroDatumConverterFactory.java
index feeeec93ff9..b0d2041c1a2 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroDatumConverterFactory.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroDatumConverterFactory.java
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -38,21 +39,21 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroDatumConverterFactory {
   private Job mJob;
   private AvroDatumConverterFactory mFactory;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setup() throws IOException {
     mJob = Job.getInstance();
     mFactory = new AvroDatumConverterFactory(mJob.getConfiguration());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertAvroKey() throws IOException {
+  void convertAvroKey() throws IOException {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(mJob, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
     AvroKey<CharSequence> avroKey = new AvroKey<>("foo");
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public void testConvertAvroKey() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertAvroValue() throws IOException {
+  void convertAvroValue() throws IOException {
     AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(mJob, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
 
     AvroValue<Integer> avroValue = new AvroValue<>(42);
@@ -74,13 +75,13 @@ public void testConvertAvroValue() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertBooleanWritable() {
+  void convertBooleanWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<BooleanWritable, Boolean> converter = mFactory.create(BooleanWritable.class);
     assertEquals(true, converter.convert(new BooleanWritable(true)));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertBytesWritable() {
+  void convertBytesWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<BytesWritable, ByteBuffer> converter = mFactory.create(BytesWritable.class);
     ByteBuffer bytes = converter.convert(new BytesWritable(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }));
     assertEquals(1, bytes.get(0));
@@ -89,43 +90,43 @@ public void testConvertBytesWritable() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertByteWritable() {
+  void convertByteWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<ByteWritable, GenericFixed> converter = mFactory.create(ByteWritable.class);
     assertEquals(42, converter.convert(new ByteWritable((byte) 42)).bytes()[0]);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertDoubleWritable() {
+  void convertDoubleWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<DoubleWritable, Double> converter = mFactory.create(DoubleWritable.class);
     assertEquals(2.0, converter.convert(new DoubleWritable(2.0)), 0.00001);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertFloatWritable() {
+  void convertFloatWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<FloatWritable, Float> converter = mFactory.create(FloatWritable.class);
     assertEquals(2.2f, converter.convert(new FloatWritable(2.2f)), 0.00001);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertIntWritable() {
+  void convertIntWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<IntWritable, Integer> converter = mFactory.create(IntWritable.class);
     assertEquals(2, converter.convert(new IntWritable(2)).intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertLongWritable() {
+  void convertLongWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<LongWritable, Long> converter = mFactory.create(LongWritable.class);
     assertEquals(123L, converter.convert(new LongWritable(123L)).longValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertNullWritable() {
+  void convertNullWritable() {
     AvroDatumConverter<NullWritable, Object> converter = mFactory.create(NullWritable.class);
     assertNull(converter.convert(NullWritable.get()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConvertText() {
+  void convertText() {
     AvroDatumConverter<Text, CharSequence> converter = mFactory.create(Text.class);
     assertEquals("foo", converter.convert(new Text("foo")).toString());
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroKeyDeserializer.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroKeyDeserializer.java
index ec20181a133..90521207097 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroKeyDeserializer.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroKeyDeserializer.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroWrapper;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyDeserializer {
   @Test
-  public void testDeserialize() throws IOException {
+  void deserialize() throws IOException {
     // Create a deserializer.
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSequenceFile.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSequenceFile.java
index f3f3b4e19d3..4f4f8be6653 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSequenceFile.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSequenceFile.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroSequenceFile {
   // Disable checkstyle for this variable. It must be public to work with JUnit
   // @Rule.
   // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
+
   // CHECKSTYLE:ON
 
   /** Tests that reading and writing avro data works. */
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public void testReadAvro() throws IOException {
-    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "output.seq").getPath());
+  void readAvro() throws IOException {
+    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir, "output.seq").getPath());
 
     writeSequenceFile(sequenceFilePath, AvroKey.class, AvroValue.class, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), new AvroKey<CharSequence>("one"), new AvroValue<>(1),
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public void testReadAvro() throws IOException {
       assertNotNull(value);
       assertEquals(2, value.datum().intValue());
 
-      assertNull("Should be no more records.", reader.next(key));
+      assertNull(reader.next(key), "Should be no more records.");
     }
   }
 
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ public void testReadAvro() throws IOException {
    */
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public void testReadAvroWithoutReaderSchemas() throws IOException {
-    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "output.seq").getPath());
+  void readAvroWithoutReaderSchemas() throws IOException {
+    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir, "output.seq").getPath());
 
     writeSequenceFile(sequenceFilePath, AvroKey.class, AvroValue.class, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING),
         Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), new AvroKey<CharSequence>("one"), new AvroValue<>(1),
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ public void testReadAvroWithoutReaderSchemas() throws IOException {
       assertNotNull(value);
       assertEquals(2, value.datum().intValue());
 
-      assertNull("Should be no more records.", reader.next(key));
+      assertNull(reader.next(key), "Should be no more records.");
     }
   }
 
   /** Tests that reading and writing ordinary Writables still works. */
   @Test
-  public void testReadWritables() throws IOException {
-    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "output.seq").getPath());
+  void readWritables() throws IOException {
+    Path sequenceFilePath = new Path(new File(mTempDir, "output.seq").getPath());
 
     writeSequenceFile(sequenceFilePath, Text.class, IntWritable.class, null, null, new Text("one"), new IntWritable(1),
         new Text("two"), new IntWritable(2));
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ public void testReadWritables() throws IOException {
       assertNotNull(value);
       assertEquals(2, value.get());
 
-      assertFalse("Should be no more records.", reader.next(key));
+      assertFalse(reader.next(key), "Should be no more records.");
 
     }
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerialization.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerialization.java
index 24d190f8e94..0976b61078f 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerialization.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerialization.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -38,12 +38,11 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroSerialization {
   @Test
-  public void testAccept() {
+  void accept() {
     AvroSerialization<CharSequence> serialization = new AvroSerialization<>();
 
     assertTrue(serialization.accept(AvroKey.class));
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ public void testAccept() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetSerializerForKey() throws IOException {
+  void getSerializerForKey() throws IOException {
     // Set the writer schema in the job configuration.
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ public void testGetSerializerForKey() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetSerializerForValue() throws IOException {
+  void getSerializerForValue() throws IOException {
     // Set the writer schema in the job configuration.
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ public void testGetSerializerForValue() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetDeserializerForKey() throws IOException {
+  void getDeserializerForKey() throws IOException {
     // Set the reader schema in the job configuration.
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ public void testGetDeserializerForKey() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetDeserializerForValue() throws IOException {
+  void getDeserializerForValue() throws IOException {
     // Set the reader schema in the job configuration.
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
@@ -125,14 +124,14 @@ public void testGetDeserializerForValue() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testClassPath() throws Exception {
+  void classPath() throws Exception {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     ClassLoader loader = conf.getClass().getClassLoader();
     AvroSerialization serialization = new AvroSerialization();
     serialization.setConf(conf);
     AvroDeserializer des = (AvroDeserializer) serialization.getDeserializer(AvroKey.class);
     ReflectData data = (ReflectData) ((ReflectDatumReader) des.mAvroDatumReader).getData();
-    Assert.assertEquals(loader, data.getClassLoader());
+    assertEquals(loader, data.getClassLoader());
   }
 
   private <T, O> O roundTrip(Schema schema, T data, Class<? extends GenericData> modelClass) throws IOException {
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ private <T, O> O roundTrip(Schema schema, T data, Class<? extends GenericData> m
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRoundTrip() throws Exception {
+  void roundTrip() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     assertTrue(roundTrip(schema, "record", null) instanceof String);
     assertTrue(roundTrip(schema, "record", GenericData.class) instanceof Utf8);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerializer.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerializer.java
index 9a026c096b0..91afd68430a 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerializer.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroSerializer.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroKey;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroSerializer {
   @Test
-  public void testSerialize() throws IOException {
+  void serialize() throws IOException {
     // Create a serializer.
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     AvroSerializer<CharSequence> serializer = new AvroSerializer<>(writerSchema);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroValueDeserializer.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroValueDeserializer.java
index 820d6fbd6be..8616bd912fe 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroValueDeserializer.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/io/TestAvroValueDeserializer.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.io;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroWrapper;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroValueDeserializer {
   @Test
-  public void testDeserialize() throws IOException {
+  void deserialize() throws IOException {
     // Create a deserializer.
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/util/TestAvroCharSequenceComparator.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/util/TestAvroCharSequenceComparator.java
index df6afbd7d22..f330e1b99e7 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/util/TestAvroCharSequenceComparator.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/hadoop/util/TestAvroCharSequenceComparator.java
@@ -18,24 +18,24 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.hadoop.util;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 
 public class TestAvroCharSequenceComparator {
   private AvroCharSequenceComparator<CharSequence> mComparator;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setup() {
     mComparator = new AvroCharSequenceComparator<>();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompareString() {
+  void compareString() {
     assertEquals(0, mComparator.compare("", ""));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare("", "a"), lessThan(0));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare("a", ""), greaterThan(0));
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public void testCompareString() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompareUtf8() {
+  void compareUtf8() {
     assertEquals(0, mComparator.compare(new Utf8(""), new Utf8("")));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare(new Utf8(""), new Utf8("a")), lessThan(0));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare(new Utf8("a"), new Utf8("")), greaterThan(0));
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public void testCompareUtf8() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompareUtf8ToString() {
+  void compareUtf8ToString() {
     assertEquals(0, mComparator.compare(new Utf8(""), ""));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare(new Utf8(""), "a"), lessThan(0));
     assertThat(mComparator.compare(new Utf8("a"), ""), greaterThan(0));
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroInputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroInputFormat.java
index 3648292c7b9..09a5f422302 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroInputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroInputFormat.java
@@ -23,42 +23,42 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.File;
 
 public class TestAvroInputFormat {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   private JobConf conf;
   private FileSystem fs;
   private Path inputDir;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() throws Exception {
     conf = new JobConf();
     fs = FileSystem.getLocal(conf);
-    inputDir = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    inputDir = new Path(DIR.getPath());
   }
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void tearDown() throws Exception {
     fs.delete(inputDir, true);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
   @Test
-  public void testIgnoreFilesWithoutExtension() throws Exception {
+  void ignoreFilesWithoutExtension() throws Exception {
     fs.mkdirs(inputDir);
     Path avroFile = new Path(inputDir, "somefile.avro");
     Path textFile = new Path(inputDir, "someotherfile.txt");
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleInputs.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleInputs.java
index c7595dd51c4..259c96eb7d4 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleInputs.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleInputs.java
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
+
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
@@ -37,22 +40,19 @@
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumReader;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroMultipleInputs {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR_1 = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR_1;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR_2 = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR_2;
 
   /**
    * The input-1 record.
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ public void reduce(KeyRecord ID, Iterable<JoinableRecord> joinables, AvroCollect
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJob() throws Exception {
+  void job() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path inputPath1 = new Path(INPUT_DIR_1.getRoot().getPath());
-    Path inputPath2 = new Path(INPUT_DIR_2.getRoot().getPath());
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    Path inputPath1 = new Path(INPUT_DIR_1.getPath());
+    Path inputPath2 = new Path(INPUT_DIR_2.getPath());
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
 
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public void testJob() throws Exception {
 
     JobClient.runJob(job);
 
-    validateCompleteFile(new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "part-00000.avro"));
+    validateCompleteFile(new File(OUTPUT_DIR, "part-00000.avro"));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
index b4bd7d26d3a..16ade286fe3 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
@@ -33,18 +35,16 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroMultipleOutputs {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   public static class MapImpl extends AvroMapper<Utf8, Pair<Utf8, Long>> {
     private AvroMultipleOutputs amos;
@@ -89,14 +89,15 @@ public void reduce(Utf8 word, Iterable<Long> counts, AvroCollector<Pair<Utf8, Lo
       collector.collect(new Pair<>(word, sum));
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
       amos.close();
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
-    String avroPath = OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+  void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
+    String avroPath = OUTPUT_DIR.getPath();
     testJob(avroPath);
     testProjection(avroPath);
     testProjectionNewMethodsOne(avroPath);
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
   public void testJob(String pathOut) throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
 
-    String pathIn = INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+    String pathIn = INPUT_DIR.getPath();
 
     File fileIn = new File(pathIn, "lines.avro");
     Path outputPath = new Path(pathOut);
@@ -166,19 +167,19 @@ public void testProjection(String inputDirectory) throws Exception {
     long sumOfCounts = 0;
     long numOfCounts = 0;
     while (recordReader.next(inputPair, ignore)) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(inputPair.datum().get(0), defaultRank);
+      assertEquals(inputPair.datum().get(0), defaultRank);
       sumOfCounts += (Long) inputPair.datum().get(1);
       numOfCounts++;
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
+    assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
 
     long actualSumOfCounts = 0;
     for (Long count : WordCountUtil.COUNTS.values()) {
       actualSumOfCounts += count;
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
+    assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@@ -206,19 +207,19 @@ public void testProjectionNewMethodsOne(String inputDirectory) throws Exception
     long sumOfCounts = 0;
     long numOfCounts = 0;
     while (recordReader.next(inputPair, ignore)) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(inputPair.datum().get(0), defaultRank);
+      assertEquals(inputPair.datum().get(0), defaultRank);
       sumOfCounts += (Long) inputPair.datum().get(1);
       numOfCounts++;
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
+    assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
 
     long actualSumOfCounts = 0;
     for (Long count : WordCountUtil.COUNTS.values()) {
       actualSumOfCounts += count;
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
+    assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
 
   }
 
@@ -241,12 +242,12 @@ public void testProjection1(String inputDirectory) throws Exception {
       sumOfCounts += Long.parseLong(inputPair.datum().toString().split(":")[2].replace("}", "").trim());
       numOfCounts++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
+    assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
     long actualSumOfCounts = 0;
     for (Long count : WordCountUtil.COUNTS.values()) {
       actualSumOfCounts += count;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
+    assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@@ -268,12 +269,12 @@ public void testProjectionNewMethodsTwo(String inputDirectory) throws Exception
       sumOfCounts += Long.parseLong(inputPair.datum().toString().split(":")[2].replace("}", "").trim());
       numOfCounts++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
+    assertEquals(numOfCounts, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size());
     long actualSumOfCounts = 0;
     for (Long count : WordCountUtil.COUNTS.values()) {
       actualSumOfCounts += count;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
+    assertEquals(sumOfCounts, actualSumOfCounts);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@@ -281,10 +282,10 @@ public void testJobNoreducer() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
 
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
-    outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath);
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
+    outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
-    WordCountUtil.writeLinesFile(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "lines.avro"));
+    WordCountUtil.writeLinesFile(new File(INPUT_DIR, "lines.avro"));
 
     job.setJobName("AvroMultipleOutputs_noreducer");
 
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@ public void testJobNoreducer() throws Exception {
 
     AvroJob.setMapperClass(job, MapImpl.class);
 
-    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(INPUT_DIR.getRoot().toString()));
+    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(INPUT_DIR.toString()));
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
     FileOutputFormat.setCompressOutput(job, false);
     AvroMultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "myavro2", AvroOutputFormat.class, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ public void testProjectionNoreducer(String inputDirectory) throws Exception {
     NullWritable ignore = NullWritable.get();
     while (recordReader.next(inputPair, ignore)) {
       long testl = Long.parseLong(inputPair.datum().toString().split(":")[2].replace("}", "").trim());
-      Assert.assertEquals(onel, testl);
+      assertEquals(onel, testl);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroOutputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroOutputFormat.java
index 54bde8fe996..4125dd06065 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroOutputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroOutputFormat.java
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestAvroOutputFormat {
   @Test
-  public void testSetSyncInterval() {
+  void setSyncInterval() {
     JobConf jobConf = new JobConf();
     int newSyncInterval = 100000;
     AvroOutputFormat.setSyncInterval(jobConf, newSyncInterval);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public void testSetSyncInterval() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNoCodec() {
+  void noCodec() {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     assertNull(AvroOutputFormat.getCodecFactory(job));
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public void testNoCodec() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBZip2CodecUsingHadoopClass() {
+  void bZip2CodecUsingHadoopClass() {
     CodecFactory avroBZip2Codec = CodecFactory.fromString("bzip2");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public void testBZip2CodecUsingHadoopClass() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBZip2CodecUsingAvroCodec() {
+  void bZip2CodecUsingAvroCodec() {
     CodecFactory avroBZip2Codec = CodecFactory.fromString("bzip2");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public void testBZip2CodecUsingAvroCodec() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDeflateCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
+  void deflateCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
     CodecFactory avroDeflateCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("deflate");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public void testDeflateCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDeflateCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
+  void deflateCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
     CodecFactory avroDeflateCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("deflate");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public void testDeflateCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSnappyCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
+  void snappyCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
     CodecFactory avroSnappyCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("snappy");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public void testSnappyCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSnappyCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
+  void snappyCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
     CodecFactory avroSnappyCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("snappy");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public void testSnappyCodecUsingAvroCodec() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGZipCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
+  void gZipCodecUsingHadoopClass() {
     CodecFactory avroDeflateCodec = CodecFactory.fromString("deflate");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextOutputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextOutputFormat.java
index 2daf88f04dd..2d8ea4d422d 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextOutputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextOutputFormat.java
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -35,17 +35,16 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.RecordWriter;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroTextOutputFormat {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder tmpFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File tmpFolder;
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroTextRecordWriter() throws Exception {
-    File file = new File(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath(), "writer");
+  void avroTextRecordWriter() throws Exception {
+    File file = new File(tmpFolder.getPath(), "writer");
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.BYTES);
     DatumWriter<ByteBuffer> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
     DataFileWriter<ByteBuffer> fileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(datumWriter);
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ public void testAvroTextRecordWriter() throws Exception {
     assertEquals("v2", asString(fileReader.next()));
     assertEquals("k3\tv3", asString(fileReader.next()));
     assertEquals("k4\tv4", asString(fileReader.next()));
-    assertFalse("End", fileReader.hasNext());
+    assertFalse(fileReader.hasNext(), "End");
     fileReader.close();
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextSort.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextSort.java
index 8ecb8c41618..343191f3b1b 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextSort.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroTextSort.java
@@ -18,33 +18,33 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
+import java.io.File;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroTextSort {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Test
   /**
    * Run the identity job on a "bytes" Avro file using AvroAsTextInputFormat and
    * AvroTextOutputFormat to produce a sorted "bytes" Avro file.
    */
-  public void testSort() throws Exception {
+  @Test
+  void sort() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    String inputPath = INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    String inputPath = INPUT_DIR.getPath();
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
     WordCountUtil.writeLinesBytesFile(inputPath);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroWrapper.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroWrapper.java
index 1ca3e7622c9..6227cba707c 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroWrapper.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestAvroWrapper.java
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroWrapper {
   @Test
-  public void testToString() {
+  void testToString() {
     String datum = "my string";
     AvroWrapper<CharSequence> wrapper = new AvroWrapper<>(datum);
     assertEquals(datum, wrapper.toString());
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestGenericJob.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestGenericJob.java
index f6773a5fc90..b5bf8e07062 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestGenericJob.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestGenericJob.java
@@ -42,15 +42,14 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class TestGenericJob {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   private static Schema createSchema() {
     List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -78,10 +77,10 @@ private static Schema createInnerSchema(String name) {
     return innerrecord;
   }
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setup() throws IOException {
     // needed to satisfy the framework only - input ignored in mapper
-    String dir = DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+    String dir = DIR.getPath();
     File infile = new File(dir + "/in");
     RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(infile, "rw");
     // add some data so framework actually calls our mapper
@@ -108,13 +107,13 @@ public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJob() throws Exception {
+  void job() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/out");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getPath() + "/out");
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath);
 
     job.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
-    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/in");
+    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, DIR.getPath() + "/in");
 
     job.setMapperClass(AvroTestConverter.class);
     job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestPair.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestPair.java
index 6be17122e73..d65e911f38b 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestPair.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestPair.java
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 public class TestPair {
 
   @Test
-  public void testCollectionFailure() throws Exception {
+  void collectionFailure() throws Exception {
     try {
       new Pair("foo", new ArrayList());
     } catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestReflectJob.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestReflectJob.java
index 641e11febe1..2a41ec61e60 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestReflectJob.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestReflectJob.java
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
+
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
@@ -40,8 +43,7 @@
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectDatumReader;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestReflectJob {
 
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ public void reduce(Text word, Iterable<Count> counts, AvroCollector<WordCount> c
 
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testJob() throws Exception {
+  void job() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     String dir = "target/testReflectJob";
     Path inputPath = new Path(dir + "/in");
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ private void validateCountsFile(File file) throws Exception {
     DataFileStream<WordCount> counts = new DataFileStream<>(in, reader);
     int numWords = 0;
     for (WordCount wc : counts) {
-      assertEquals(wc.word, WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.word), (Long) wc.count);
+      assertEquals(WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.word), (Long) wc.count, wc.word);
       numWords++;
     }
     in.close();
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestSequenceFileReader.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestSequenceFileReader.java
index 0138396b180..5775e141ce9 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestSequenceFileReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestSequenceFileReader.java
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
+
 import java.io.File;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 
@@ -49,30 +50,28 @@
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.ClassRule;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestSequenceFileReader {
 
   private static final int COUNT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("test.count", "10"));
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   public static File file() {
-    return new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "test.seq");
+    return new File(INPUT_DIR.getPath(), "test.seq");
   }
 
   private static final Schema SCHEMA = Pair.getPairSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG),
       Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void testWriteSequenceFile() throws IOException {
     Configuration c = new Configuration();
     URI uri = file().toURI();
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ public static void testWriteSequenceFile() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadSequenceFile() throws Exception {
+  void readSequenceFile() throws Exception {
     checkFile(new SequenceFileReader<>(file()));
   }
 
@@ -105,9 +104,9 @@ public void checkFile(FileReader<Pair<Long, CharSequence>> reader) throws Except
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSequenceFileInputFormat() throws Exception {
+  void sequenceFileInputFormat() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
     // configure input for Avro from sequence file
@@ -137,9 +136,9 @@ public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, OutputCollector<AvroKey<Long>, Avr
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonAvroMapper() throws Exception {
+  void nonAvroMapper() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
     // configure input for non-Avro sequence file
@@ -170,9 +169,9 @@ public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, OutputCollector<AvroWrapper<Pair<L
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonAvroMapOnly() throws Exception {
+  void nonAvroMapOnly() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
     // configure input for non-Avro sequence file
@@ -205,9 +204,9 @@ public void reduce(AvroKey<Long> key, Iterator<AvroValue<Utf8>> values, OutputCo
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNonAvroReducer() throws Exception {
+  void nonAvroReducer() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath());
+    Path outputPath = new Path(OUTPUT_DIR.getPath());
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
 
     // configure input for Avro from sequence file
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWeather.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWeather.java
index 84be7fa9a7b..7eab52823b8 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWeather.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWeather.java
@@ -35,11 +35,10 @@
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
 import static org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants.SNAPPY_CODEC;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import test.Weather;
 
 /** Tests mapred API with a specific record. */
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ public class TestWeather {
   private static final AtomicInteger reducerCloseCalls = new AtomicInteger();
   private static final AtomicInteger reducerConfigureCalls = new AtomicInteger();
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void tearDown() {
     mapCloseCalls.set(0);
     mapConfigureCalls.set(0);
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ public void tearDown() {
   /** Uses default mapper with no reduces for a map-only identity job. */
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testMapOnly() throws Exception {
+  void mapOnly() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     String inDir = System.getProperty("share.dir", "../../../share") + "/test/data";
     Path input = new Path(inDir + "/weather.avro");
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ public void configure(JobConf jobConf) {
 
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testSort() throws Exception {
+  void sort() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     String inDir = "../../../share/test/data";
     Path input = new Path(inDir + "/weather.avro");
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWordCount.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWordCount.java
index 4d296eab858..fbe6a7e1da2 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/TestWordCount.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -35,17 +35,16 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
-import org.junit.ClassRule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestWordCount {
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   public static class MapImpl extends AvroMapper<Utf8, Pair<Utf8, Long>> {
     @Override
@@ -68,8 +67,8 @@ public void reduce(Utf8 word, Iterable<Long> counts, AvroCollector<Pair<Utf8, Lo
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
-    String pathOut = OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+  void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
+    String pathOut = OUTPUT_DIR.getPath();
     testJob(pathOut);
     testProjection(pathOut);
   }
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   public void testJob(String pathOut) throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    String pathIn = INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+    String pathIn = INPUT_DIR.getPath();
 
     WordCountUtil.writeLinesFile(pathIn + "/lines.avro");
 
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/WordCountUtil.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/WordCountUtil.java
index e8dc61b6033..854bcb59b6e 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/WordCountUtil.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/WordCountUtil.java
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ public static void validateCountsFile(File file) throws Exception {
     try (InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))) {
       try (DataFileStream<Pair<Utf8, Long>> counts = new DataFileStream<>(in, reader)) {
         for (Pair<Utf8, Long> wc : counts) {
-          assertEquals(wc.key().toString(), COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value());
+          assertEquals(COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value(), wc.key().toString());
           numWords++;
         }
         checkMeta(counts);
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/tether/TestWordCountTether.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/tether/TestWordCountTether.java
index 3af07713ba9..e538895f758 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/tether/TestWordCountTether.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapred/tether/TestWordCountTether.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapred.tether;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -31,9 +31,8 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;
 
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileStream;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroJob;
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 
 /**
  * See also TestTetherTool for an example of how to submit jobs using the
@@ -50,11 +48,11 @@
  */
 public class TestWordCountTether {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   /**
    * Run a job using the given transport protocol
@@ -62,8 +60,8 @@ public class TestWordCountTether {
    * @param proto
    */
   private void _runjob(String proto) throws Exception {
-    String outputPathStr = OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
-    File inputPath = new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "lines.avro");
+    String outputPathStr = OUTPUT_DIR.getPath();
+    File inputPath = new File(INPUT_DIR, "lines.avro");
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
     Path outputPath = new Path(outputPathStr);
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ private void _runjob(String proto) throws Exception {
         new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(outputPath + "/part-00000.avro")), reader);
     int numWords = 0;
     for (Pair<Utf8, Long> wc : counts) {
-      assertEquals(wc.key().toString(), WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value());
+      assertEquals(WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value(), wc.key().toString());
       numWords++;
     }
 
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ private void _runjob(String proto) throws Exception {
    */
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testJob() throws Exception {
+  void job() throws Exception {
     _runjob("sasl");
   }
 
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ public void testJob() throws Exception {
    */
   @Test
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
-  public void testhtp() throws Exception {
+  void htp() throws Exception {
     _runjob("http");
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyInputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyInputFormat.java
index f46606c77ea..c30413927fc 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyInputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyInputFormat.java
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyInputFormat {
   /**
@@ -39,18 +39,15 @@ public class TestAvroKeyInputFormat {
    * types are as expected.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testCreateRecordReader() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void createRecordReader() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     // Set up the job configuration.
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     AvroJob.setInputKeySchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
     Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
 
-    FileSplit inputSplit = createMock(FileSplit.class);
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-    expect(context.getConfiguration()).andReturn(conf).anyTimes();
-
-    replay(inputSplit);
-    replay(context);
+    FileSplit inputSplit = mock(FileSplit.class);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
+    when(context.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(conf);
 
     AvroKeyInputFormat inputFormat = new AvroKeyInputFormat();
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@ public void testCreateRecordReader() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     assertNotNull(inputFormat);
     recordReader.close();
 
-    verify(inputSplit);
-    verify(context);
+    verify(context).getConfiguration();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyOutputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyOutputFormat.java
index 46784db9cd2..496beaf8178 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyOutputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyOutputFormat.java
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 
@@ -29,33 +30,33 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileConstants;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroKey;
+import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordWriter;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptID;
-import org.easymock.Capture;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyOutputFormat {
   private static final String SYNC_INTERVAL_KEY = org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroOutputFormat.SYNC_INTERVAL_KEY;
   private static final int TEST_SYNC_INTERVAL = 12345;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithNullCodec() throws IOException {
+  void withNullCodec() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setInt(SYNC_INTERVAL_KEY, TEST_SYNC_INTERVAL);
     testGetRecordWriter(conf, CodecFactory.nullCodec(), TEST_SYNC_INTERVAL);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithDeflateCodec() throws IOException {
+  void withDeflateCodec() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.setInt(org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroOutputFormat.DEFLATE_LEVEL_KEY, 3);
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public void testWithDeflateCodec() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithSnappyCode() throws IOException {
+  void withSnappyCode() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set(AvroJob.CONF_OUTPUT_CODEC, DataFileConstants.SNAPPY_CODEC);
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ public void testWithSnappyCode() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithBZip2Code() throws IOException {
+  void withBZip2Code() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set(AvroJob.CONF_OUTPUT_CODEC, DataFileConstants.BZIP2_CODEC);
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public void testWithBZip2Code() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithZstandardCode() throws IOException {
+  void withZstandardCode() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set(AvroJob.CONF_OUTPUT_CODEC, DataFileConstants.ZSTANDARD_CODEC);
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public void testWithZstandardCode() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithDeflateCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
+  void withDeflateCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set("mapred.output.compression.codec", "org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DeflateCodec");
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ public void testWithDeflateCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithSnappyCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
+  void withSnappyCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set("mapred.output.compression.codec", "org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec");
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ public void testWithSnappyCodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWithBZip2CodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
+  void withBZip2CodeWithHadoopConfig() throws IOException {
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
     conf.set("mapred.output.compression.codec", "org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec");
@@ -122,44 +123,38 @@ private void testGetRecordWriter(Configuration conf, CodecFactory expectedCodec,
       throws IOException {
     // Configure a mock task attempt context.
     Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
-    job.getConfiguration().set("mapred.output.dir", mTempDir.getRoot().getPath());
+    job.getConfiguration().set("mapred.output.dir", mTempDir.getPath());
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, writerSchema);
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-    expect(context.getConfiguration()).andReturn(job.getConfiguration()).anyTimes();
-    expect(context.getTaskAttemptID()).andReturn(TaskAttemptID.forName("attempt_200707121733_0001_m_000000_0"))
-        .anyTimes();
-    expect(context.getNumReduceTasks()).andReturn(1);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
+    when(context.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(job.getConfiguration());
+    when(context.getTaskAttemptID()).thenReturn(TaskAttemptID.forName("attempt_200707121733_0001_m_000000_0"));
+    when(context.getNumReduceTasks()).thenReturn(1);
 
     // Create a mock record writer.
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    RecordWriter<AvroKey<Integer>, NullWritable> expectedRecordWriter = createMock(RecordWriter.class);
-    AvroKeyOutputFormat.RecordWriterFactory recordWriterFactory = createMock(
-        AvroKeyOutputFormat.RecordWriterFactory.class);
-
-    // Expect the record writer factory to be called with appropriate parameters.
-    Capture<CodecFactory> capturedCodecFactory = Capture.newInstance();
-    expect(recordWriterFactory.create(eq(writerSchema), anyObject(GenericData.class), capture(capturedCodecFactory), // Capture
-                                                                                                                     // for
-                                                                                                                     // comparison
-                                                                                                                     // later.
-        anyObject(OutputStream.class), eq(expectedSyncInterval))).andReturn(expectedRecordWriter);
-
-    replay(context);
-    replay(expectedRecordWriter);
-    replay(recordWriterFactory);
+    RecordWriter<AvroKey<Integer>, NullWritable> expectedRecordWriter = mock(RecordWriter.class);
+    AvroKeyOutputFormat.RecordWriterFactory recordWriterFactory = mock(AvroKeyOutputFormat.RecordWriterFactory.class);
+
+    // when the record writer factory to be called with appropriate parameters.
+    ArgumentCaptor<CodecFactory> capturedCodecFactory = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(CodecFactory.class);
+    when(recordWriterFactory.create(eq(writerSchema), any(GenericData.class), capturedCodecFactory.capture(), // Capture
+                                                                                                              // for
+                                                                                                              // comparison
+                                                                                                              // later.
+        any(OutputStream.class), eq(expectedSyncInterval))).thenReturn(expectedRecordWriter);
 
     AvroKeyOutputFormat<Integer> outputFormat = new AvroKeyOutputFormat<>(recordWriterFactory);
     RecordWriter<AvroKey<Integer>, NullWritable> recordWriter = outputFormat.getRecordWriter(context);
     // Make sure the expected codec was used.
-    assertTrue(capturedCodecFactory.hasCaptured());
+    assertNotNull(capturedCodecFactory.getValue());
     assertEquals(expectedCodec.toString(), capturedCodecFactory.getValue().toString());
 
-    verify(context);
-    verify(expectedRecordWriter);
-    verify(recordWriterFactory);
+    verify(context, atLeastOnce()).getConfiguration();
+    verify(recordWriterFactory).create(eq(writerSchema), any(ReflectData.class), any(CodecFactory.class),
+        any(OutputStream.class), anyInt());
 
     assertNotNull(recordWriter);
-    assertTrue(expectedRecordWriter == recordWriter);
+    assertSame(expectedRecordWriter, recordWriter);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordReader.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordReader.java
index 2940cb3bc3a..e549b48b127 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordReader.java
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -34,25 +34,24 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyRecordReader {
   /** A temporary directory for test data. */
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   /**
    * Verifies that avro records can be read and progress is reported correctly.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testReadRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void readRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     // Create the test avro file input with two records:
     // 1. "first"
     // 2. "second"
-    final SeekableInput avroFileInput = new SeekableFileInput(AvroFiles.createFile(
-        new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "myStringfile.avro"), Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), "first", "second"));
+    final SeekableInput avroFileInput = new SeekableFileInput(AvroFiles
+        .createFile(new File(mTempDir, "myStringfile.avro"), Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), "first", "second"));
 
     // Create the record reader.
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
@@ -68,62 +67,61 @@ protected SeekableInput createSeekableInput(Configuration conf, Path path) throw
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
 
     // Create a mock input split for this record reader.
-    FileSplit inputSplit = createMock(FileSplit.class);
-    expect(inputSplit.getPath()).andReturn(new Path("/path/to/an/avro/file")).anyTimes();
-    expect(inputSplit.getStart()).andReturn(0L).anyTimes();
-    expect(inputSplit.getLength()).andReturn(avroFileInput.length()).anyTimes();
+    FileSplit inputSplit = mock(FileSplit.class);
+    when(inputSplit.getPath()).thenReturn(new Path("/path/to/an/avro/file"));
+    when(inputSplit.getStart()).thenReturn(0L);
+    when(inputSplit.getLength()).thenReturn(avroFileInput.length());
 
     // Create a mock task attempt context for this record reader.
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-    expect(context.getConfiguration()).andReturn(conf).anyTimes();
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
+    when(context.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(conf);
 
     // Initialize the record reader.
-    replay(inputSplit);
-    replay(context);
     recordReader.initialize(inputSplit, context);
 
-    assertEquals("Progress should be zero before any records are read", 0.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f, "Progress should be zero before any records are read");
 
     // Some variables to hold the records.
     AvroKey<CharSequence> key;
     NullWritable value;
 
     // Read the first record.
-    assertTrue("Expected at least one record", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertTrue(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected at least one record");
     key = recordReader.getCurrentKey();
     value = recordReader.getCurrentValue();
 
-    assertNotNull("First record had null key", key);
-    assertNotNull("First record had null value", value);
+    assertNotNull(key, "First record had null key");
+    assertNotNull(value, "First record had null value");
 
     CharSequence firstString = key.datum();
     assertEquals("first", firstString.toString());
 
-    assertTrue("getCurrentKey() returned different keys for the same record", key == recordReader.getCurrentKey());
-    assertTrue("getCurrentValue() returned different values for the same record",
-        value == recordReader.getCurrentValue());
+    assertEquals(key, recordReader.getCurrentKey());
+    assertEquals(value, recordReader.getCurrentValue());
 
     // Read the second record.
-    assertTrue("Expected to read a second record", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertTrue(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected to read a second record");
     key = recordReader.getCurrentKey();
     value = recordReader.getCurrentValue();
 
-    assertNotNull("Second record had null key", key);
-    assertNotNull("Second record had null value", value);
+    assertNotNull(key, "Second record had null key");
+    assertNotNull(value, "Second record had null value");
 
     CharSequence secondString = key.datum();
     assertEquals("second", secondString.toString());
 
-    assertEquals("Progress should be complete (2 out of 2 records processed)", 1.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f, "Progress should be complete (2 out of 2 records processed)");
 
     // There should be no more records.
-    assertFalse("Expected only 2 records", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertFalse(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected only 2 records");
 
     // Close the record reader.
     recordReader.close();
 
     // Verify the expected calls on the mocks.
-    verify(inputSplit);
-    verify(context);
+    verify(inputSplit).getPath();
+    verify(inputSplit, times(2)).getStart();
+    verify(inputSplit).getLength();
+    verify(context, atLeastOnce()).getConfiguration();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordWriter.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordWriter.java
index d338d07464e..247107a3033 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyRecordWriter.java
@@ -18,12 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.createMock;
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -46,18 +42,16 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyRecordWriter {
   @Test
-  public void testWrite() throws IOException {
+  void write() throws IOException {
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
     GenericData dataModel = new ReflectData();
     CodecFactory compressionCodec = CodecFactory.nullCodec();
     ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-
-    replay(context);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
 
     // Write an avro container file with two records: 1 and 2.
     AvroKeyRecordWriter<Integer> recordWriter = new AvroKeyRecordWriter<>(writerSchema, dataModel, compressionCodec,
@@ -66,8 +60,6 @@ public void testWrite() throws IOException {
     recordWriter.write(new AvroKey<>(2), NullWritable.get());
     recordWriter.close(context);
 
-    verify(context);
-
     // Verify that the file was written as expected.
     InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
     Schema readerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
@@ -81,17 +73,17 @@ public void testWrite() throws IOException {
     assertFalse(dataFileReader.hasNext()); // No more records.
 
     dataFileReader.close();
+
+    verify(context, never()).getConfiguration();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSycnableWrite() throws IOException {
+  void sycnableWrite() throws IOException {
     Schema writerSchema = Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT);
     GenericData dataModel = new ReflectData();
     CodecFactory compressionCodec = CodecFactory.nullCodec();
     FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("target/temp.avro"));
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-
-    replay(context);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
 
     // Write an avro container file with two records: 1 and 2.
     AvroKeyRecordWriter<Integer> recordWriter = new AvroKeyRecordWriter<>(writerSchema, dataModel, compressionCodec,
@@ -102,8 +94,6 @@ public void testSycnableWrite() throws IOException {
     recordWriter.write(new AvroKey<>(2), NullWritable.get());
     recordWriter.close(context);
 
-    verify(context);
-
     // Verify that the file was written as expected.
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.set("fs.default.name", "file:///");
@@ -120,5 +110,7 @@ public void testSycnableWrite() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(1, dataFileReader.next());
 
     dataFileReader.close();
+
+    verify(context, never()).getConfiguration();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordReader.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordReader.java
index e35a3eb0c3c..4bb53ad16f0 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordReader.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordReader.java
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -36,20 +36,19 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyValueRecordReader {
   /** A temporary directory for test data. */
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   /**
    * Verifies that avro records can be read and progress is reported correctly.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testReadRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void readRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     // Create the test avro file input with two records:
     // 1. <"firstkey", 1>
     // 2. <"second", 2>
@@ -63,9 +62,8 @@ public void testReadRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     secondInputRecord.setKey("second");
     secondInputRecord.setValue(2);
 
-    final SeekableInput avroFileInput = new SeekableFileInput(
-        AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "myInputFile.avro"), keyValueSchema, firstInputRecord.get(),
-            secondInputRecord.get()));
+    final SeekableInput avroFileInput = new SeekableFileInput(AvroFiles.createFile(
+        new File(mTempDir, "myInputFile.avro"), keyValueSchema, firstInputRecord.get(), secondInputRecord.get()));
 
     // Create the record reader over the avro input file.
     RecordReader<AvroKey<CharSequence>, AvroValue<Integer>> recordReader = new AvroKeyValueRecordReader<CharSequence, Integer>(
@@ -80,62 +78,61 @@ protected SeekableInput createSeekableInput(Configuration conf, Path path) throw
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
 
     // Create a mock input split for this record reader.
-    FileSplit inputSplit = createMock(FileSplit.class);
-    expect(inputSplit.getPath()).andReturn(new Path("/path/to/an/avro/file")).anyTimes();
-    expect(inputSplit.getStart()).andReturn(0L).anyTimes();
-    expect(inputSplit.getLength()).andReturn(avroFileInput.length()).anyTimes();
+    FileSplit inputSplit = mock(FileSplit.class);
+    when(inputSplit.getPath()).thenReturn(new Path("/path/to/an/avro/file"));
+    when(inputSplit.getStart()).thenReturn(0L);
+    when(inputSplit.getLength()).thenReturn(avroFileInput.length());
 
     // Create a mock task attempt context for this record reader.
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-    expect(context.getConfiguration()).andReturn(conf).anyTimes();
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
+    when(context.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(conf);
 
     // Initialize the record reader.
-    replay(inputSplit);
-    replay(context);
     recordReader.initialize(inputSplit, context);
 
-    assertEquals("Progress should be zero before any records are read", 0.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f, "Progress should be zero before any records are read");
 
     // Some variables to hold the records.
     AvroKey<CharSequence> key;
     AvroValue<Integer> value;
 
     // Read the first record.
-    assertTrue("Expected at least one record", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertTrue(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected at least one record");
     key = recordReader.getCurrentKey();
     value = recordReader.getCurrentValue();
 
-    assertNotNull("First record had null key", key);
-    assertNotNull("First record had null value", value);
+    assertNotNull(key, "First record had null key");
+    assertNotNull(value, "First record had null value");
 
     assertEquals("first", key.datum().toString());
     assertEquals(1, value.datum().intValue());
 
-    assertTrue("getCurrentKey() returned different keys for the same record", key == recordReader.getCurrentKey());
-    assertTrue("getCurrentValue() returned different values for the same record",
-        value == recordReader.getCurrentValue());
+    assertEquals(key, recordReader.getCurrentKey());
+    assertEquals(value, recordReader.getCurrentValue());
 
     // Read the second record.
-    assertTrue("Expected to read a second record", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertTrue(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected to read a second record");
     key = recordReader.getCurrentKey();
     value = recordReader.getCurrentValue();
 
-    assertNotNull("Second record had null key", key);
-    assertNotNull("Second record had null value", value);
+    assertNotNull(key, "Second record had null key");
+    assertNotNull(value, "Second record had null value");
 
     assertEquals("second", key.datum().toString());
     assertEquals(2, value.datum().intValue());
 
-    assertEquals("Progress should be complete (2 out of 2 records processed)", 1.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1.0f, recordReader.getProgress(), 0.0f, "Progress should be complete (2 out of 2 records processed)");
 
     // There should be no more records.
-    assertFalse("Expected only 2 records", recordReader.nextKeyValue());
+    assertFalse(recordReader.nextKeyValue(), "Expected only 2 records");
 
     // Close the record reader.
     recordReader.close();
 
     // Verify the expected calls on the mocks.
-    verify(inputSplit);
-    verify(context);
+    verify(inputSplit).getPath();
+    verify(inputSplit, times(2)).getStart();
+    verify(inputSplit).getLength();
+    verify(context, atLeastOnce()).getConfiguration();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordWriter.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordWriter.java
index af2d4dfde42..35b98485d09 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordWriter.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroKeyValueRecordWriter.java
@@ -18,13 +18,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.createMock;
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
-import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -52,16 +47,14 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestAvroKeyValueRecordWriter {
   @Test
-  public void testWriteRecords() throws IOException {
+  void writeRecords() throws IOException {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-
-    replay(context);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
 
     AvroDatumConverterFactory factory = new AvroDatumConverterFactory(job.getConfiguration());
     AvroDatumConverter<Text, ?> keyConverter = factory.create(Text.class);
@@ -85,8 +78,6 @@ public void testWriteRecords() throws IOException {
     writer.write(new Text("banana"), new AvroValue<>(bananaStats));
     writer.close(context);
 
-    verify(context);
-
     ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
     Schema readerSchema = AvroKeyValue.getSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), TextStats.SCHEMA$);
     DatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new SpecificDatumReader<>(readerSchema);
@@ -109,6 +100,7 @@ public void testWriteRecords() throws IOException {
     // That's all, folks.
     assertFalse(avroFileReader.hasNext());
     avroFileReader.close();
+    verify(context, never()).getConfiguration();
   }
 
   public static class R1 {
@@ -116,12 +108,11 @@ public static class R1 {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUsingReflection() throws Exception {
+  void usingReflection() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     Schema schema = ReflectData.get().getSchema(R1.class);
     AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, schema);
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-    replay(context);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
 
     R1 record = new R1();
     record.attribute = "test";
@@ -141,8 +132,6 @@ public void testUsingReflection() throws Exception {
     writer.write(new Text("reflectionData"), avroValue);
     writer.close(context);
 
-    verify(context);
-
     ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
     Schema readerSchema = AvroKeyValue.getSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING), schema);
     DatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new ReflectDatumReader<>(readerSchema);
@@ -157,15 +146,14 @@ public void testUsingReflection() throws Exception {
     assertEquals("reflectionData", firstRecord.getKey().toString());
     assertEquals(record.attribute, firstRecord.getValue().attribute);
     avroFileReader.close();
+    verify(context, never()).getConfiguration();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSyncableWriteRecords() throws IOException {
+  void syncableWriteRecords() throws IOException {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
-    TaskAttemptContext context = createMock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
-
-    replay(context);
+    TaskAttemptContext context = mock(TaskAttemptContext.class);
 
     AvroDatumConverterFactory factory = new AvroDatumConverterFactory(job.getConfiguration());
     AvroDatumConverter<Text, ?> keyConverter = factory.create(Text.class);
@@ -190,8 +178,6 @@ public void testSyncableWriteRecords() throws IOException {
     writer.write(new Text("banana"), new AvroValue<>(bananaStats));
     writer.close(context);
 
-    verify(context);
-
     Configuration conf = new Configuration();
     conf.set("fs.default.name", "file:///");
     Path avroFile = new Path("target/temp.avro");
@@ -216,5 +202,6 @@ public void testSyncableWriteRecords() throws IOException {
 
     // That's all, folks.
     avroFileReader.close();
+    verify(context, never()).getConfiguration();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
index 7008fdb4508..4c27f551f01 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputs.java
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -44,14 +48,12 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroMultipleOutputs {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   public static final Schema STATS_SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"name\":\"stats\",\"type\":\"record\","
       + "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"count\",\"type\":\"int\"}," + "{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ protected void reduce(AvroKey<TextStats> key, Iterable<NullWritable> ignore, Con
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -196,16 +198,16 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroMultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "myavro1", AvroKeyOutputFormat.class, STATS_SCHEMA_2);
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
 
-    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/testAvroGenericOutput");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getPath() + "/testAvroGenericOutput");
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).delete(outputPath, true);
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
 
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
 
@@ -216,12 +218,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro1-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     counts.clear();
     try (DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA_2))) {
@@ -230,12 +232,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testnewwrite-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     counts.clear();
     try (DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA))) {
@@ -244,12 +246,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testnewwrite2-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     counts.clear();
     try (DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA_2))) {
@@ -257,12 +259,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
         counts.put(((Utf8) record.get("name1")).toString(), (Integer) record.get("count1"));
       }
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testwritenonschema-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     counts.clear();
     try (DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA))) {
@@ -271,13 +273,13 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -293,14 +295,14 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/testAvroSpecificOutput");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getPath() + "/testAvroSpecificOutput");
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).delete(outputPath, true);
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro3-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
     try (DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>())) {
@@ -309,13 +311,13 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
+  void avroInput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -332,15 +334,15 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/testAvroInput");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getPath() + "/testAvroInput");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro3-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
     try (DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>())) {
@@ -349,13 +351,13 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -371,15 +373,15 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getRoot().getPath() + "/testAvroMapOutput");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(DIR.getPath() + "/testAvroMapOutput");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
     try (DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>())) {
@@ -388,8 +390,8 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
       }
     }
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputsSyncable.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputsSyncable.java
index 690e88509c2..611d8c3dc2a 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputsSyncable.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestAvroMultipleOutputsSyncable.java
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -43,14 +47,12 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestAvroMultipleOutputsSyncable {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder tmpFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File tmpFolder;
 
   public static final Schema STATS_SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"name\":\"stats\",\"type\":\"record\","
       + "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"count\",\"type\":\"int\"}," + "{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ protected void reduce(AvroKey<TextStats> key, Iterable<NullWritable> ignore, Con
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -197,16 +199,16 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroMultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "myavro", AvroKeyOutputFormat.class, STATS_SCHEMA, null);
     AvroMultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "myavro1", AvroKeyOutputFormat.class, STATS_SCHEMA_2);
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out");
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).delete(outputPath, true);
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA));
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -215,12 +217,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro1-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     reader = new DataFileReader<>(new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()),
         new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA_2));
     counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -229,12 +231,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testnewwrite-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     reader = new DataFileReader<>(new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()),
         new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA));
     counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -243,12 +245,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testnewwrite2-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     reader = new DataFileReader<>(new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()),
         new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA_2));
     counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -256,12 +258,12 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
       counts.put(((Utf8) record.get("name1")).toString(), (Integer) record.get("count1"));
     }
     reader.close();
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
     outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/testwritenonschema-r-00000.avro"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     reader = new DataFileReader<>(new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()),
         new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA));
     counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -270,14 +272,14 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
 
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -293,14 +295,14 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific");
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).delete(outputPath, true);
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro3-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -309,13 +311,13 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
+  void avroInput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -332,15 +334,15 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/myavro3-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -349,13 +351,13 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -371,15 +373,15 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -388,8 +390,8 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestCombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestCombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat.java
index d46a48919f4..6132eab8ba0 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestCombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestCombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat.java
@@ -31,46 +31,41 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
-
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestCombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat {
 
   /** A temporary directory for test data. */
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   /**
    * Verifies that avro records can be read in multi files.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testReadRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
+  void readRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
 
     Schema keyValueSchema = AvroKeyValue.getSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT), Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
 
     AvroKeyValue<Integer, CharSequence> record1 = new AvroKeyValue<>(new GenericData.Record(keyValueSchema));
     record1.setKey(1);
     record1.setValue("apple banana carrot");
-    AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "combineSplit00.avro"), keyValueSchema, record1.get());
+    AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir, "combineSplit00.avro"), keyValueSchema, record1.get());
 
     AvroKeyValue<Integer, CharSequence> record2 = new AvroKeyValue<>(new GenericData.Record(keyValueSchema));
     record2.setKey(2);
     record2.setValue("apple banana");
 
-    AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "combineSplit01.avro"), keyValueSchema, record2.get());
+    AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir, "combineSplit01.avro"), keyValueSchema, record2.get());
 
     // Configure the job input.
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
-    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getAbsolutePath()));
+    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(mTempDir.getAbsolutePath()));
     job.setInputFormatClass(CombineAvroKeyValueFileInputFormat.class);
     AvroJob.setInputKeySchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
     AvroJob.setInputValueSchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING));
@@ -86,7 +81,7 @@ public void testReadRecords() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ClassNot
 
     // Configure the output format.
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "out");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "out");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
     // Run the job.
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestFsInput.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestFsInput.java
index fe9233ec75a..4c03da17a41 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestFsInput.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestFsInput.java
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestFsInput {
   private static File file;
@@ -44,14 +43,14 @@ public class TestFsInput {
   private Configuration conf;
   private FsInput fsInput;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() throws Exception {
     conf = new Configuration();
     conf.set("fs.default.name", "file:///");
-    file = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "file.txt");
+    file = new File(DIR, "file.txt");
 
     try (
         PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
     fsInput = new FsInput(new Path(file.getPath()), conf);
   }
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void tearDown() throws Exception {
     if (fsInput != null) {
       fsInput.close();
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ public void tearDown() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConfigurationConstructor() throws Exception {
+  void configurationConstructor() throws Exception {
     try (FsInput in = new FsInput(new Path(file.getPath()), conf)) {
       int expectedByteCount = 1;
       byte[] readBytes = new byte[expectedByteCount];
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ public void testConfigurationConstructor() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFileSystemConstructor() throws Exception {
+  void fileSystemConstructor() throws Exception {
     Path path = new Path(file.getPath());
     FileSystem fs = path.getFileSystem(conf);
     try (FsInput in = new FsInput(path, fs)) {
@@ -90,12 +89,12 @@ public void testFileSystemConstructor() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLength() throws IOException {
+  void length() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(fsInput.length(), FILE_CONTENTS.length());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead() throws Exception {
+  void read() throws Exception {
     byte[] expectedBytes = FILE_CONTENTS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     byte[] actualBytes = new byte[expectedBytes.length];
     int actualByteCount = fsInput.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ public void testRead() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSeek() throws Exception {
+  void seek() throws Exception {
     int seekPos = FILE_CONTENTS.length() / 2;
     byte[] fileContentBytes = FILE_CONTENTS.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     byte expectedByte = fileContentBytes[seekPos];
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ public void testSeek() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTell() throws Exception {
+  void tell() throws Exception {
     long expectedTellPos = FILE_CONTENTS.length() / 2;
     fsInput.seek(expectedTellPos);
     long actualTellPos = fsInput.tell();
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueInput.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueInput.java
index 438101a98fc..bc774498f6f 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueInput.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueInput.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -42,17 +42,16 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 /**
  * Tests that Avro container files of generic records with two fields 'key' and
  * 'value' can be read by the AvroKeyValueInputFormat.
  */
 public class TestKeyValueInput {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   /**
    * Creates an Avro file of <docid, text> pairs to use for test input:
@@ -78,8 +77,8 @@ private File createInputFile() throws IOException {
     record3.setKey(3);
     record3.setValue("apple");
 
-    return AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir.getRoot(), "inputKeyValues.avro"), keyValueSchema, record1.get(),
-        record2.get(), record3.get());
+    return AvroFiles.createFile(new File(mTempDir, "inputKeyValues.avro"), keyValueSchema, record1.get(), record2.get(),
+        record3.get());
   }
 
   /** A mapper for indexing documents. */
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ protected void reduce(Text token, Iterable<IntWritable> docids, Context context)
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testKeyValueInput() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void keyValueInput() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException {
     // Create a test input file.
     File inputFile = createInputFile();
 
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ public void testKeyValueInput() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, Inte
 
     // Configure the output format.
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "out-index");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "out-index");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
     // Run the job.
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ public void testKeyValueInput() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, Inte
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testKeyValueInputMapOnly() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException {
+  void keyValueInputMapOnly() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException {
     // Create a test input file.
     File inputFile = createInputFile();
 
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ public void testKeyValueInputMapOnly() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOExceptio
 
     // Configure the output format.
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath(), "out-index");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getPath(), "out-index");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
     // Run the job.
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
index 5ae91d165d6..0eb56b7e91a 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -40,13 +40,12 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestKeyValueWordCount {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder mTempDir = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File mTempDir;
 
   public static class LineCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
     private IntWritable mOne;
@@ -76,8 +75,7 @@ protected void reduce(Text word, Iterable<IntWritable> counts, Context context)
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testKeyValueMapReduce()
-      throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
+  void keyValueMapReduce() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {
     // Configure a word count job over our test input file.
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ public void testKeyValueMapReduce()
     job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyValueOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-wordcount");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(mTempDir.getPath() + "/out-wordcount");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
     // Run the job.
diff --git a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestWordCount.java b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestWordCount.java
index 4f4025d41af..1fdbb8b915e 100644
--- a/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/mapred/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/TestWordCount.java
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mapreduce;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
@@ -51,14 +54,12 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestWordCount {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder tmpFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File tmpFolder;
   public static final Schema STATS_SCHEMA = new Schema.Parser().parse("{\"name\":\"stats\",\"type\":\"record\","
       + "\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"count\",\"type\":\"int\"}," + "{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
 
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ protected void reduce(AvroKey<TextStats> key, Iterable<NullWritable> ignore, Con
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -238,15 +239,15 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, STATS_SCHEMA);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-generic");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-generic");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<GenericData.Record> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new GenericDatumReader<>(STATS_SCHEMA));
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -255,13 +256,13 @@ public void testAvroGenericOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -276,15 +277,15 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -293,13 +294,13 @@ public void testAvroSpecificOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroReflectOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroReflectOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -314,15 +315,15 @@ public void testAvroReflectOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, REFLECT_STATS_SCHEMA);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-reflect");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-reflect");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<ReflectStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new ReflectDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -331,13 +332,13 @@ public void testAvroReflectOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
+  void avroInput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -353,15 +354,15 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -370,13 +371,13 @@ public void testAvroInput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReflectInput() throws Exception {
+  void reflectInput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
         new Path(getClass().getResource("/org/apache/avro/mapreduce/mapreduce-test-input.avro").toURI().toString()));
@@ -391,15 +392,15 @@ public void testReflectInput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, REFLECT_STATS_SCHEMA);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-reflect-input");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-reflect-input");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<ReflectStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new ReflectDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -408,13 +409,13 @@ public void testReflectInput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -430,15 +431,15 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputKeySchema(job, TextStats.SCHEMA$);
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(AvroKeyOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-specific-input");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     DataFileReader<TextStats> reader = new DataFileReader<>(
         new FsInput(outputFiles[0].getPath(), job.getConfiguration()), new SpecificDatumReader<>());
     Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -447,16 +448,16 @@ public void testAvroMapOutput() throws Exception {
     }
     reader.close();
 
-    Assert.assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, counts.get("apple").intValue());
+    assertEquals(2, counts.get("banana").intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, counts.get("carrot").intValue());
   }
 
   /**
    * Tests the MR output to text files when using AvroKey and AvroValue records.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testAvroUsingTextFileOutput() throws Exception {
+  void avroUsingTextFileOutput() throws Exception {
     Job job = Job.getInstance();
 
     FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,
@@ -472,24 +473,24 @@ public void testAvroUsingTextFileOutput() throws Exception {
     AvroJob.setOutputValueSchema(job, Schema.create(Schema.Type.INT));
 
     job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);
-    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getRoot().getPath() + "/out-text");
+    Path outputPath = new Path(tmpFolder.getPath() + "/out-text");
     FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outputPath);
 
-    Assert.assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
+    assertTrue(job.waitForCompletion(true));
 
     // Check that the results from the MapReduce were as expected.
     FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(job.getConfiguration());
     FileStatus[] outputFiles = fileSystem.globStatus(outputPath.suffix("/part-*"));
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
+    assertEquals(1, outputFiles.length);
     Path filePath = outputFiles[0].getPath();
     InputStream inputStream = filePath.getFileSystem(job.getConfiguration()).open(filePath);
-    Assert.assertNotNull(inputStream);
+    assertNotNull(inputStream);
     try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {
-      Assert.assertTrue(reader.ready());
-      Assert.assertEquals("apple\t3", reader.readLine());
-      Assert.assertEquals("banana\t2", reader.readLine());
-      Assert.assertEquals("carrot\t1", reader.readLine());
-      Assert.assertFalse(reader.ready());
+      assertTrue(reader.ready());
+      assertEquals("apple\t3", reader.readLine());
+      assertEquals("banana\t2", reader.readLine());
+      assertEquals("carrot\t1", reader.readLine());
+      assertFalse(reader.ready());
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/pom.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/pom.xml
index f7a1011ecc3..ea103b8a44b 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -59,22 +59,19 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
       <artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
-      <version>${maven.version}</version>
+      <version>${maven-core.version}</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
       <exclusions>
         <exclusion>
           <groupId>com.google.code.findbugs</groupId>
           <artifactId>jsr305</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
+        <exclusion>
+          <groupId>junit</groupId>
+          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+        </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
     </dependency>
-    <!-- Bump this to a higher version while maven 3.3.9 still uses 3.0.22 with a -->
-    <!-- XML injection vulnerability. -->
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
-      <artifactId>plexus-utils</artifactId>
-      <version>3.4.1</version>
-      <scope>provided</scope>
-    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.maven.shared</groupId>
       <artifactId>file-management</artifactId>
@@ -86,6 +83,11 @@
         </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro-idl</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
       <artifactId>avro-compiler</artifactId>
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
       <artifactId>maven-compat</artifactId>
-      <version>${maven.version}</version>
+      <version>${maven-core.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/AbstractAvroMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/AbstractAvroMojo.java
index d0407eb7468..7dc203b0357 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/AbstractAvroMojo.java
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/AbstractAvroMojo.java
@@ -18,6 +18,18 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mojo;
 
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojo;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
+import org.apache.maven.project.MavenProject;
+import org.apache.maven.shared.model.fileset.FileSet;
+import org.apache.maven.shared.model.fileset.util.FileSetManager;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
@@ -26,17 +38,9 @@
 import java.net.URLClassLoader;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
-import org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojo;
-import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
-import org.apache.maven.project.MavenProject;
-import org.apache.maven.shared.model.fileset.FileSet;
-import org.apache.maven.shared.model.fileset.util.FileSetManager;
-
 /**
  * Base for Avro Compiler Mojos.
  */
@@ -129,6 +133,20 @@ public abstract class AbstractAvroMojo extends AbstractMojo {
    */
   protected String[] velocityToolsClassesNames = new String[0];
 
+  /**
+   * Generated record schema classes will extend this class.
+   *
+   * @parameter property="recordSpecificClass"
+   */
+  private String recordSpecificClass = "org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase";
+
+  /**
+   * Generated error schema classes will extend this class.
+   *
+   * @parameter property="errorSpecificClass"
+   */
+  private String errorSpecificClass = "org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificExceptionBase";
+
   /**
    * The createOptionalGetters parameter enables generating the getOptional...
    * methods that return an Optional of the requested type. This works ONLY on
@@ -140,8 +158,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractAvroMojo extends AbstractMojo {
 
   /**
    * The gettersReturnOptional parameter enables generating get... methods that
-   * return an Optional of the requested type. This will replace the This works
-   * ONLY on Java 8+
+   * return an Optional of the requested type. This works ONLY on Java 8+
    *
    * @parameter property="gettersReturnOptional"
    */
@@ -165,6 +182,19 @@ public abstract class AbstractAvroMojo extends AbstractMojo {
    */
   protected boolean createSetters;
 
+  /**
+   * The createNullSafeAnnotations parameter adds JetBrains {@literal @}Nullable
+   * and {@literal @}NotNull annotations for fhe fields of the record. The default
+   * is to not include annotations.
+   *
+   * @parameter property="createNullSafeAnnotations"
+   *
+   * @see <a href=
+   *      "https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/annotating-source-code.html#nullability-annotations">
+   *      JetBrains nullability annotations</a>
+   */
+  protected boolean createNullSafeAnnotations = false;
+
   /**
    * A set of fully qualified class names of custom
    * {@link org.apache.avro.Conversion} implementations to add to the compiler.
@@ -212,6 +242,7 @@ public void execute() throws MojoExecutionException {
     }
 
     if (hasImports) {
+      checkImportPaths();
       for (String importedFile : imports) {
         File file = new File(importedFile);
         if (file.isDirectory()) {
@@ -242,6 +273,15 @@ public void execute() throws MojoExecutionException {
     }
   }
 
+  private void checkImportPaths() throws MojoExecutionException {
+    for (String importedFile : imports) {
+      File file = new File(importedFile);
+      if (!file.exists()) {
+        throw new MojoExecutionException("Path " + file.getAbsolutePath() + " does not exist");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   private String[] getIncludedFiles(String absPath, String[] excludes, String[] includes) {
     final FileSetManager fileSetManager = new FileSetManager();
     final FileSet fs = new FileSet();
@@ -274,14 +314,21 @@ private String[] getIncludedFiles(String absPath, String[] excludes, String[] in
   }
 
   private void compileFiles(String[] files, File sourceDir, File outDir) throws MojoExecutionException {
-    for (String filename : files) {
+    final ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    try {
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(createClassLoader());
+
+      // Need to register custom logical type factories before schema compilation.
       try {
-        // Need to register custom logical type factories before schema compilation.
         loadLogicalTypesFactories();
-        doCompile(filename, sourceDir, outDir);
       } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new MojoExecutionException("Error compiling protocol file " + filename + " to " + outDir, e);
+        throw new MojoExecutionException("Error while loading logical types factories ", e);
       }
+      this.doCompile(files, sourceDir, outDir);
+    } catch (MalformedURLException | DependencyResolutionRequiredException e) {
+      throw new MojoExecutionException("Cannot locate classpath entries", e);
+    } finally {
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(contextClassLoader);
     }
   }
 
@@ -314,7 +361,7 @@ protected List<Object> instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools() {
     final List<Object> velocityTools = new ArrayList<>(velocityToolsClassesNames.length);
     for (String velocityToolClassName : velocityToolsClassesNames) {
       try {
-        Class klass = Class.forName(velocityToolClassName);
+        Class<?> klass = Class.forName(velocityToolClassName);
         velocityTools.add(klass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance());
       } catch (Exception e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
@@ -323,22 +370,74 @@ protected List<Object> instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools() {
     return velocityTools;
   }
 
-  protected abstract void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException;
+  protected void doCompile(String[] files, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws MojoExecutionException {
+    for (String filename : files) {
+      try {
+        doCompile(filename, sourceDirectory, outputDirectory);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new MojoExecutionException("Error compiling file " + filename + " to " + outputDirectory, e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
-  protected URLClassLoader createClassLoader() throws DependencyResolutionRequiredException, MalformedURLException {
+  protected void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "Programmer error: AbstractAvroMojo.doCompile(String, java.io.File, java.io.File) called directly");
+  };
+
+  protected void doCompile(File sourceFileForModificationDetection, Collection<Schema> schemas, File outputDirectory)
+      throws IOException {
+    doCompile(sourceFileForModificationDetection, new SpecificCompiler(schemas), outputDirectory);
+  }
+
+  protected void doCompile(File sourceFileForModificationDetection, Protocol protocol, File outputDirectory)
+      throws IOException {
+    doCompile(sourceFileForModificationDetection, new SpecificCompiler(protocol), outputDirectory);
+  }
+
+  private void doCompile(File sourceFileForModificationDetection, SpecificCompiler compiler, File outputDirectory)
+      throws IOException {
+    compiler.setTemplateDir(templateDirectory);
+    compiler.setStringType(GenericData.StringType.valueOf(stringType));
+    compiler.setFieldVisibility(getFieldVisibility());
+    compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(createOptionalGetters);
+    compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(gettersReturnOptional);
+    compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly);
+    compiler.setCreateSetters(createSetters);
+    compiler.setCreateNullSafeAnnotations(createNullSafeAnnotations);
+    compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(enableDecimalLogicalType);
+    try {
+      for (String customConversion : customConversions) {
+        compiler.addCustomConversion(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(customConversion));
+      }
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new IOException(e);
+    }
+    compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(project.getProperties().getProperty("project.build.sourceEncoding"));
+    compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools());
+    compiler.setRecordSpecificClass(this.recordSpecificClass);
+    compiler.setErrorSpecificClass(this.errorSpecificClass);
+    compiler.compileToDestination(sourceFileForModificationDetection, outputDirectory);
+  }
+
+  protected List<URL> findClasspath() throws DependencyResolutionRequiredException, MalformedURLException {
     final List<URL> urls = appendElements(project.getRuntimeClasspathElements());
     urls.addAll(appendElements(project.getTestClasspathElements()));
+    return urls;
+  }
+
+  protected URLClassLoader createClassLoader() throws DependencyResolutionRequiredException, MalformedURLException {
+    final List<URL> urls = findClasspath();
     return new URLClassLoader(urls.toArray(new URL[0]), Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
   }
 
-  private List<URL> appendElements(List runtimeClasspathElements) throws MalformedURLException {
+  private List<URL> appendElements(List<String> runtimeClasspathElements) throws MalformedURLException {
     if (runtimeClasspathElements == null) {
       return new ArrayList<>();
     }
     List<URL> runtimeUrls = new ArrayList<>(runtimeClasspathElements.size());
-    for (Object runtimeClasspathElement : runtimeClasspathElements) {
-      String element = (String) runtimeClasspathElement;
-      runtimeUrls.add(new File(element).toURI().toURL());
+    for (String runtimeClasspathElement : runtimeClasspathElements) {
+      runtimeUrls.add(new File(runtimeClasspathElement).toURI().toURL());
     }
     return runtimeUrls;
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLMojo.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..632ce7f955c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLMojo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.mojo;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlFile;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlReader;
+import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Generate Java classes and interfaces from AvroIDL files (.avdl)
+ *
+ * @goal idl
+ * @requiresDependencyResolution runtime
+ * @phase generate-sources
+ * @threadSafe
+ */
+public class IDLMojo extends AbstractAvroMojo {
+  /**
+   * A set of Ant-like inclusion patterns used to select files from the source
+   * directory for processing. By default, the pattern <code>**&#47;*.avdl</code>
+   * is used to select IDL files.
+   *
+   * @parameter
+   */
+  private String[] includes = new String[] { "**/*.avdl" };
+
+  /**
+   * A set of Ant-like inclusion patterns used to select files from the source
+   * directory for processing. By default, the pattern <code>**&#47;*.avdl</code>
+   * is used to select IDL files.
+   *
+   * @parameter
+   */
+  private String[] testIncludes = new String[] { "**/*.avdl" };
+
+  @Override
+  protected void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+      List runtimeClasspathElements = project.getRuntimeClasspathElements();
+
+      List<URL> runtimeUrls = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      // Add the source directory of avro files to the classpath so that
+      // imports can refer to other idl files as classpath resources
+      runtimeUrls.add(sourceDirectory.toURI().toURL());
+
+      // If runtimeClasspathElements is not empty values add its values to Idl path.
+      if (runtimeClasspathElements != null && !runtimeClasspathElements.isEmpty()) {
+        for (Object runtimeClasspathElement : runtimeClasspathElements) {
+          String element = (String) runtimeClasspathElement;
+          runtimeUrls.add(new File(element).toURI().toURL());
+        }
+      }
+
+      final ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+      URLClassLoader projPathLoader = new URLClassLoader(runtimeUrls.toArray(new URL[0]), contextClassLoader);
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(projPathLoader);
+      try {
+        IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+        Path sourceFilePath = sourceDirectory.toPath().resolve(filename);
+        IdlFile idlFile = parser.parse(sourceFilePath);
+        for (String warning : idlFile.getWarnings()) {
+          getLog().warn(warning);
+        }
+        final SpecificCompiler compiler;
+        final Protocol protocol = idlFile.getProtocol();
+        if (protocol != null) {
+          compiler = new SpecificCompiler(protocol);
+        } else {
+          compiler = new SpecificCompiler(idlFile.getNamedSchemas().values());
+        }
+        compiler.setStringType(GenericData.StringType.valueOf(stringType));
+        compiler.setTemplateDir(templateDirectory);
+        compiler.setFieldVisibility(getFieldVisibility());
+        compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(createOptionalGetters);
+        compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(gettersReturnOptional);
+        compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly);
+        compiler.setCreateSetters(createSetters);
+        compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools());
+        compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(enableDecimalLogicalType);
+        for (String customConversion : customConversions) {
+          compiler.addCustomConversion(projPathLoader.loadClass(customConversion));
+        }
+        compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(project.getProperties().getProperty("project.build.sourceEncoding"));
+        compiler.compileToDestination(sourceFilePath.toFile(), outputDirectory);
+      } finally {
+        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(contextClassLoader);
+      }
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException | DependencyResolutionRequiredException e) {
+      throw new IOException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected String[] getIncludes() {
+    return includes;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected String[] getTestIncludes() {
+    return testIncludes;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLProtocolMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLProtocolMojo.java
index 9ed90576141..a6dd9cf24ee 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLProtocolMojo.java
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/IDLProtocolMojo.java
@@ -18,21 +18,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mojo;
 
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URL;
-import java.net.URLClassLoader;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.Idl;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.ParseException;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
-
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
-
 /**
  * Generate Java classes and interfaces from AvroIDL files (.avdl)
  *
@@ -41,80 +26,6 @@
  * @phase generate-sources
  * @threadSafe
  */
-public class IDLProtocolMojo extends AbstractAvroMojo {
-  /**
-   * A set of Ant-like inclusion patterns used to select files from the source
-   * directory for processing. By default, the pattern <code>**&#47;*.avdl</code>
-   * is used to select IDL files.
-   *
-   * @parameter
-   */
-  private String[] includes = new String[] { "**/*.avdl" };
-
-  /**
-   * A set of Ant-like inclusion patterns used to select files from the source
-   * directory for processing. By default, the pattern <code>**&#47;*.avdl</code>
-   * is used to select IDL files.
-   *
-   * @parameter
-   */
-  private String[] testIncludes = new String[] { "**/*.avdl" };
-
-  @Override
-  protected void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException {
-    try {
-      @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-      List runtimeClasspathElements = project.getRuntimeClasspathElements();
-
-      List<URL> runtimeUrls = new ArrayList<>();
-
-      // Add the source directory of avro files to the classpath so that
-      // imports can refer to other idl files as classpath resources
-      runtimeUrls.add(sourceDirectory.toURI().toURL());
-
-      // If runtimeClasspathElements is not empty values add its values to Idl path.
-      if (runtimeClasspathElements != null && !runtimeClasspathElements.isEmpty()) {
-        for (Object runtimeClasspathElement : runtimeClasspathElements) {
-          String element = (String) runtimeClasspathElement;
-          runtimeUrls.add(new File(element).toURI().toURL());
-        }
-      }
-
-      URLClassLoader projPathLoader = new URLClassLoader(runtimeUrls.toArray(new URL[0]),
-          Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
-      try (Idl parser = new Idl(new File(sourceDirectory, filename), projPathLoader)) {
-
-        Protocol p = parser.CompilationUnit();
-        String json = p.toString(true);
-        Protocol protocol = Protocol.parse(json);
-        final SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(protocol);
-        compiler.setStringType(GenericData.StringType.valueOf(stringType));
-        compiler.setTemplateDir(templateDirectory);
-        compiler.setFieldVisibility(getFieldVisibility());
-        compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(createOptionalGetters);
-        compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(gettersReturnOptional);
-        compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly);
-        compiler.setCreateSetters(createSetters);
-        compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools());
-        compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(enableDecimalLogicalType);
-        for (String customConversion : customConversions) {
-          compiler.addCustomConversion(projPathLoader.loadClass(customConversion));
-        }
-        compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(project.getProperties().getProperty("project.build.sourceEncoding"));
-        compiler.compileToDestination(null, outputDirectory);
-      }
-    } catch (ParseException | ClassNotFoundException | DependencyResolutionRequiredException e) {
-      throw new IOException(e);
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  protected String[] getIncludes() {
-    return includes;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  protected String[] getTestIncludes() {
-    return testIncludes;
-  }
+public class IDLProtocolMojo extends IDLMojo {
+  // Empty; kept for backwards compatibility.
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/ProtocolMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/ProtocolMojo.java
index c5e406fc70d..ee7e4101c5d 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/ProtocolMojo.java
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/ProtocolMojo.java
@@ -18,15 +18,10 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mojo;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.StringType;
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URLClassLoader;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
 
 /**
  * Generate Java classes and interfaces from Avro protocol files (.avpr)
@@ -59,27 +54,7 @@ public class ProtocolMojo extends AbstractAvroMojo {
   protected void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException {
     final File src = new File(sourceDirectory, filename);
     final Protocol protocol = Protocol.parse(src);
-    final SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(protocol);
-    compiler.setTemplateDir(templateDirectory);
-    compiler.setStringType(StringType.valueOf(stringType));
-    compiler.setFieldVisibility(getFieldVisibility());
-    compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(createOptionalGetters);
-    compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(gettersReturnOptional);
-    compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly);
-    compiler.setCreateSetters(createSetters);
-    compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools());
-    compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(enableDecimalLogicalType);
-    final URLClassLoader classLoader;
-    try {
-      classLoader = createClassLoader();
-      for (String customConversion : customConversions) {
-        compiler.addCustomConversion(classLoader.loadClass(customConversion));
-      }
-    } catch (DependencyResolutionRequiredException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
-      throw new IOException(e);
-    }
-    compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(project.getProperties().getProperty("project.build.sourceEncoding"));
-    compiler.compileToDestination(src, outputDirectory);
+    doCompile(src, protocol, outputDirectory);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/SchemaMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/SchemaMojo.java
index dd2ede2c12d..9d1a91426ff 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/SchemaMojo.java
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/SchemaMojo.java
@@ -18,15 +18,17 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.mojo;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.StringType;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParseException;
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaParser;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URLClassLoader;
-
-import org.apache.avro.Schema;
-import org.apache.avro.compiler.specific.SpecificCompiler;
-import org.apache.maven.artifact.DependencyResolutionRequiredException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 /**
  * Generate Java classes from Avro schema files (.avsc)
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ public class SchemaMojo extends AbstractAvroMojo {
    * A parser used to parse all schema files. Using a common parser will
    * facilitate the import of external schemas.
    */
-  private Schema.Parser schemaParser = new Schema.Parser();
+  private SchemaParser schemaParser = new SchemaParser();
 
   /**
    * A set of Ant-like inclusion patterns used to select files from the source
@@ -62,40 +64,29 @@ public class SchemaMojo extends AbstractAvroMojo {
   private String[] testIncludes = new String[] { "**/*.avsc" };
 
   @Override
-  protected void doCompile(String filename, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory) throws IOException {
-    File src = new File(sourceDirectory, filename);
-    final Schema schema;
+  protected void doCompile(String[] fileNames, File sourceDirectory, File outputDirectory)
+      throws MojoExecutionException {
+    final List<File> sourceFiles = Arrays.stream(fileNames)
+        .map((String filename) -> new File(sourceDirectory, filename)).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    final File sourceFileForModificationDetection = sourceFiles.stream().filter(file -> file.lastModified() > 0)
+        .max(Comparator.comparing(File::lastModified)).orElse(null);
+    final List<Schema> schemas;
 
-    // This is necessary to maintain backward-compatibility. If there are
-    // no imported files then isolate the schemas from each other, otherwise
-    // allow them to share a single schema so reuse and sharing of schema
-    // is possible.
-    if (imports == null) {
-      schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(src);
-    } else {
-      schema = schemaParser.parse(src);
-    }
-
-    final SpecificCompiler compiler = new SpecificCompiler(schema);
-    compiler.setTemplateDir(templateDirectory);
-    compiler.setStringType(StringType.valueOf(stringType));
-    compiler.setFieldVisibility(getFieldVisibility());
-    compiler.setCreateOptionalGetters(createOptionalGetters);
-    compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(gettersReturnOptional);
-    compiler.setOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly(optionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly);
-    compiler.setCreateSetters(createSetters);
-    compiler.setEnableDecimalLogicalType(enableDecimalLogicalType);
     try {
-      final URLClassLoader classLoader = createClassLoader();
-      for (String customConversion : customConversions) {
-        compiler.addCustomConversion(classLoader.loadClass(customConversion));
+      // This is necessary to maintain backward-compatibility. If there are
+      // no imported files then isolate the schemas from each other, otherwise
+      // allow them to share a single schema so reuse and sharing of schema
+      // is possible.
+      SchemaParser parser = imports == null ? new SchemaParser() : schemaParser;
+      for (File sourceFile : sourceFiles) {
+        parser.parse(sourceFile);
       }
-    } catch (ClassNotFoundException | DependencyResolutionRequiredException e) {
-      throw new IOException(e);
+      schemas = parser.getParsedNamedSchemas();
+
+      doCompile(sourceFileForModificationDetection, schemas, outputDirectory);
+    } catch (IOException | SchemaParseException ex) {
+      throw new MojoExecutionException("Error compiling a file in " + sourceDirectory + " to " + outputDirectory, ex);
     }
-    compiler.setOutputCharacterEncoding(project.getProperties().getProperty("project.build.sourceEncoding"));
-    compiler.setAdditionalVelocityTools(instantiateAdditionalVelocityTools());
-    compiler.compileToDestination(src, outputDirectory);
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/AvdlClasspathImport.avdl b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/AvdlClasspathImport.avdl
index 68b6dc4a85d..81bdb609445 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/AvdlClasspathImport.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/AvdlClasspathImport.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-@namespace("test")
-protocol IdlClasspathImportTest {
-    import idl "avro/User.avdl";
+namespace test;
 
-    record IdlUserWrapper {
-      union { null, test.IdlUser } wrapped;
-    }
+import idl "avro/User.avdl";
 
+/** Ignored Doc Comment */
+/** IDL User */
+record IdlUserWrapper {
+  union { null, test.IdlUser } wrapped;
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/extends/Custom.avsc b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/extends/Custom.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63056e5d17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/extends/Custom.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+    "type": "record", 
+    "namespace": "test",
+    "name": "SchemaCustom",
+    "doc": "Custom Test Bean",
+    "fields": [
+        {
+            "name": "id", 
+            "type": ["null", "string"],
+            "default": null
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "createdOn", 
+            "type": ["null", "long"],
+            "default": null
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/ApplicationEvent.avsc b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/ApplicationEvent.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6902084350f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/ApplicationEvent.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "ApplicationEvent",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "applicationId",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Application ID"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "status",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Application Status"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "documents",
+      "type": ["null", {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": "model.DocumentInfo"
+      }],
+      "doc": "",
+      "default": null
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/DocumentInfo.avsc b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/DocumentInfo.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95dd4243ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/DocumentInfo.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "DocumentInfo",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "documentId",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Document ID"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "filePath",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "Document Path"
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/MyResponse.avsc b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/MyResponse.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac6d08291d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/MyResponse.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "namespace": "model",
+  "type": "record",
+  "doc": "",
+  "name": "MyResponse",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "isSuccessful",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "doc": "Indicator for successful or unsuccessful call"
+    }
+  ]
+
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/README.md b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe3541b660e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## test for parsing multiple files.
+This folder aims to test `public List<Schema> Schema.parse(Iterable<File> sources) throws IOException` method.
+
+The objective is to check that a record schema define in a file can be use in another record schema as a field type.
+Here, ApplicationEvent.avsc file contains a field of type DocumentInfo, defined in file DocumentInfo.avsc.
+
+The is written at TestSchema.testParseMultipleFile.
+
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/custom/CustomRecordBase.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/custom/CustomRecordBase.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..acc38381294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/custom/CustomRecordBase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.custom;
+
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase;
+
+public abstract class CustomRecordBase extends SpecificRecordBase {
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLMojo.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab6cd7c9668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLMojo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.mojo;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.codehaus.plexus.util.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+/**
+ * Test the IDL Protocol Mojo.
+ */
+public class TestIDLMojo extends AbstractAvroMojoTest {
+
+  private File testPom = new File(getBasedir(), "src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml");
+  private File injectingVelocityToolsTestPom = new File(getBasedir(),
+      "src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml");
+
+  private File incrementalCompilationTestPom = new File(getBasedir(),
+      "src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-incremental-compilation.xml");
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIdlProtocolMojo() throws Exception {
+    // Clear output directory to ensure files are recompiled.
+    final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/idl/test/");
+    FileUtils.deleteDirectory(outputDir);
+
+    final IDLMojo mojo = (IDLMojo) lookupMojo("idl", testPom);
+    final TestLog log = new TestLog();
+    mojo.setLog(log);
+
+    assertNotNull(mojo);
+    mojo.execute();
+
+    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(
+        asList("IdlPrivacy.java", "IdlTest.java", "IdlUser.java", "IdlUserWrapper.java"));
+    assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
+
+    final String idlUserContent = FileUtils.fileRead(new File(outputDir, "IdlUser.java"));
+    assertTrue(idlUserContent.contains("java.time.Instant"));
+
+    assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("[WARN] Line 22, char 1: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment.\n"
+        + "Did you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?"), log.getLogEntries());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetCompilerVelocityAdditionalTools() throws Exception {
+    // Clear output directory to ensure files are recompiled.
+    final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/idl-inject/test/");
+    FileUtils.deleteDirectory(outputDir);
+
+    final IDLProtocolMojo mojo = (IDLProtocolMojo) lookupMojo("idl-protocol", injectingVelocityToolsTestPom);
+    final TestLog log = new TestLog();
+    mojo.setLog(log);
+
+    assertNotNull(mojo);
+    mojo.execute();
+
+    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(
+        asList("IdlPrivacy.java", "IdlTest.java", "IdlUser.java", "IdlUserWrapper.java"));
+
+    assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
+
+    final String schemaUserContent = FileUtils.fileRead(new File(outputDir, "IdlUser.java"));
+    assertTrue(schemaUserContent.contains("It works!"));
+
+    // The previous test already verifies the warnings.
+    assertFalse(log.getLogEntries().isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIDLProtocolMojoSupportsIncrementalCompilation() throws Exception {
+    // Ensure that the IDL files have already been compiled once.
+    final IDLMojo mojo = (IDLMojo) lookupMojo("idl", incrementalCompilationTestPom);
+    final TestLog log = new TestLog();
+    mojo.setLog(log);
+
+    assertNotNull(mojo);
+    mojo.execute();
+
+    // Remove one file to ensure it is recreated and the others are not.
+    final Path outputDirPath = Paths.get(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/idl-incremental/test/");
+    final File outputDir = outputDirPath.toFile();
+
+    final Path idlPrivacyFilePath = outputDirPath.resolve("IdlPrivacy.java");
+    final FileTime idpPrivacyModificationTime = Files.getLastModifiedTime(idlPrivacyFilePath);
+    Files.delete(idlPrivacyFilePath);
+
+    final Path idlUserFilePath = outputDirPath.resolve("IdlUser.java");
+    final FileTime idlUserModificationTime = Files.getLastModifiedTime(idlUserFilePath);
+
+    mojo.execute();
+
+    // Asserting contents is done in previous tests so just assert existence.
+    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(
+        asList("IdlPrivacy.java", "IdlTest.java", "IdlUser.java", "IdlUserWrapper.java"));
+    assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
+
+    assertTrue(idlPrivacyFilePath.toFile().exists());
+    assertEquals(Files.getLastModifiedTime(idlUserFilePath), idlUserModificationTime);
+    assertTrue(Files.getLastModifiedTime(idlPrivacyFilePath).compareTo(idpPrivacyModificationTime) > 0);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLProtocolMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLProtocolMojo.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7dabdd0324f..00000000000
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestIDLProtocolMojo.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
- * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
- * distributed with this work for additional information
- * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
- * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
- * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
- * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.avro.mojo;
-
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.FileUtils;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
-
-/**
- * Test the IDL Protocol Mojo.
- */
-public class TestIDLProtocolMojo extends AbstractAvroMojoTest {
-
-  private File testPom = new File(getBasedir(), "src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml");
-  private File injectingVelocityToolsTestPom = new File(getBasedir(),
-      "src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml");
-
-  @Test
-  public void testIdlProtocolMojo() throws Exception {
-    final IDLProtocolMojo mojo = (IDLProtocolMojo) lookupMojo("idl-protocol", testPom);
-
-    assertNotNull(mojo);
-    mojo.execute();
-
-    final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/idl/test/");
-    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("IdlPrivacy.java", "IdlTest.java", "IdlUser.java",
-        "IdlUserWrapper.java", "IdlClasspathImportTest.java"));
-    assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
-
-    final String idlUserContent = FileUtils.fileRead(new File(outputDir, "IdlUser.java"));
-    assertTrue(idlUserContent.contains("java.time.Instant"));
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testSetCompilerVelocityAdditionalTools() throws Exception {
-    final IDLProtocolMojo mojo = (IDLProtocolMojo) lookupMojo("idl-protocol", injectingVelocityToolsTestPom);
-
-    assertNotNull(mojo);
-    mojo.execute();
-
-    final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/idl-inject/test");
-    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("IdlPrivacy.java", "IdlTest.java", "IdlUser.java",
-        "IdlUserWrapper.java", "IdlClasspathImportTest.java"));
-
-    assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
-
-    final String schemaUserContent = FileUtils.fileRead(new File(outputDir, "IdlUser.java"));
-    assertTrue(schemaUserContent.contains("It works!"));
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestLog.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestLog.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6de25ca9fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestLog.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.avro.mojo;
+
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.velocity.util.StringBuilderWriter;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class TestLog implements Log {
+
+  private final List<String> logEntries = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  public List<String> getLogEntries() {
+    return logEntries;
+  }
+
+  private void log(String level, CharSequence content, Throwable error) {
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    buffer.append('[').append(level).append("]");
+    if (content != null) {
+      buffer.append(' ').append(content);
+    }
+    if (error != null) {
+      buffer.append(content == null ? " " : System.lineSeparator());
+      error.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(new StringBuilderWriter(buffer)));
+    }
+    logEntries.add(buffer.toString());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDebugEnabled() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void debug(CharSequence content) {
+    debug(content, null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void debug(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {
+    log("DEBUG", content, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void debug(Throwable error) {
+    debug(null, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInfoEnabled() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void info(CharSequence content) {
+    info(content, null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void info(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {
+    log("INFO", content, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void info(Throwable error) {
+    info(null, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isWarnEnabled() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void warn(CharSequence content) {
+    warn(content, null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void warn(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {
+    log("WARN", content, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void warn(Throwable error) {
+    warn(null, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isErrorEnabled() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void error(CharSequence content) {
+    error(content, null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void error(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {
+    log("ERROR", content, error);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void error(Throwable error) {
+    error(null, error);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestSchemaMojo.java b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestSchemaMojo.java
index f6bdc7fd06f..f54b9a40403 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestSchemaMojo.java
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/mojo/TestSchemaMojo.java
@@ -17,13 +17,18 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.mojo;
 
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 import org.codehaus.plexus.util.FileUtils;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 
 import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 /**
  * Test the Schema Mojo.
@@ -33,6 +38,12 @@ public class TestSchemaMojo extends AbstractAvroMojoTest {
   private File testPom = new File(getBasedir(), "src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom.xml");
   private File injectingVelocityToolsTestPom = new File(getBasedir(),
       "src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml");
+  private File testNonexistentFilePom = new File(getBasedir(),
+      "src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-file.xml");
+  private File testNonexistentSecondFilePom = new File(getBasedir(),
+      "src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-second-file.xml");
+
+  private File testExtendsFilePom = new File(getBasedir(), "src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-customExtends.xml");
 
   @Test
   public void testSchemaMojo() throws Exception {
@@ -42,8 +53,8 @@ public void testSchemaMojo() throws Exception {
     mojo.execute();
 
     final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/schema/test");
-    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(
-        Arrays.asList("PrivacyDirectImport.java", "PrivacyImport.java", "SchemaPrivacy.java", "SchemaUser.java"));
+    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("PrivacyDirectImport.java", "PrivacyImport.java",
+        "SchemaPrivacy.java", "SchemaUser.java", "SchemaCustom.java", "SchemaCustom.java"));
 
     assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
 
@@ -59,12 +70,49 @@ public void testSetCompilerVelocityAdditionalTools() throws Exception {
     mojo.execute();
 
     final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/test-harness/schema-inject/test");
-    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(
-        Arrays.asList("PrivacyDirectImport.java", "PrivacyImport.java", "SchemaPrivacy.java", "SchemaUser.java"));
+    final Set<String> generatedFiles = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("PrivacyDirectImport.java", "PrivacyImport.java",
+        "SchemaPrivacy.java", "SchemaUser.java", "SchemaCustom.java"));
 
     assertFilesExist(outputDir, generatedFiles);
 
     final String schemaUserContent = FileUtils.fileRead(new File(outputDir, "SchemaUser.java"));
     assertTrue("Got " + schemaUserContent + " instead", schemaUserContent.contains("It works!"));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testThrowsErrorForNonexistentFile() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      final SchemaMojo mojo = (SchemaMojo) lookupMojo("schema", testNonexistentFilePom);
+      mojo.execute();
+      fail("MojoExecutionException not thrown!");
+    } catch (MojoExecutionException ignored) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testThrowsErrorForNonexistentSecondFile() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      final SchemaMojo mojo = (SchemaMojo) lookupMojo("schema", testNonexistentSecondFilePom);
+      mojo.execute();
+      fail("MojoExecutionException not thrown!");
+    } catch (MojoExecutionException ignored) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExtends() throws Exception {
+    final SchemaMojo mojo = (SchemaMojo) lookupMojo("schema", testExtendsFilePom);
+    assertNotNull(mojo);
+
+    mojo.execute();
+    final File outputDir = new File(getBasedir(), "target/extends/schema/test");
+    File outputFile = new File(outputDir, "SchemaCustom.java");
+    assertTrue(outputFile.exists());
+    List<String> extendsLines = Files.readAllLines(outputFile.toPath()).stream()
+        .filter((String line) -> line.contains("class SchemaCustom extends ")).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    assertEquals(1, extendsLines.size());
+    String extendLine = extendsLines.get(0);
+    assertTrue(extendLine.contains(" org.apache.avro.custom.CustomRecordBase "));
+    assertFalse(extendLine.contains("org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase"));
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-incremental-compilation.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-incremental-compilation.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1316bbcf6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-incremental-compilation.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>idl</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>idl-protocol</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-harness/idl-incremental</outputDirectory>
+          <stringType>String</stringType>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
index fe7d7ab7e64..cc4f2fd44f3 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-javacc.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-javacc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..094f18acd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom-javacc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>idl</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>idl-protocol</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <useJavaCC>true</useJavaCC>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-harness/idl</outputDirectory>
+          <stringType>String</stringType>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml
index a2d3348d3d0..8ad6359ed5b 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/idl/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
index 6efefa9ee87..cbbfb363a20 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom-injecting-velocity-tools.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom.xml
index d3a90ba33cb..089e3db7d56 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/protocol/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-customExtends.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-customExtends.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9eea1911be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-customExtends.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>schema</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>schema</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/avro/extends</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/extends/schema</outputDirectory>
+          <recordSpecificClass>org.apache.avro.custom.CustomRecordBase</recordSpecificClass>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-multiple-schema.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-multiple-schema.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0c732205f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-multiple-schema.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>schema</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>schema</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/avro/multipleSchemas</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-harness/schema</outputDirectory>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-file.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-file.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da795dc1867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-file.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>schema</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>schema</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/avro</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-harness/schema</outputDirectory>
+          <imports>
+            <import>${basedir}/src/test/avro/nonexistent-dir</import>
+          </imports>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-second-file.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-second-file.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dacd8e856ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom-nonexistent-second-file.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin-test</artifactId>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>testproject</name>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>schema</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>schema</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+        <configuration>
+          <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/avro</sourceDirectory>
+          <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-harness/schema</outputDirectory>
+          <imports>
+            <import>${basedir}/src/test/avro/imports</import>
+            <import>${basedir}/src/test/avro/nonexistent-dir</import>
+          </imports>
+          <project implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.stubs.MavenProjectStub"/>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
+      <version>${parent.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom.xml b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom.xml
index 9d942494e2d..365b86c275c 100644
--- a/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/maven-plugin/src/test/resources/unit/schema/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>../../../../../../../../../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/perf/pom.xml b/lang/java/perf/pom.xml
index 8b2312f446c..f67e87fbade 100644
--- a/lang/java/perf/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/perf/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-perf</artifactId>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
   <properties>
-    <jmh.version>1.33</jmh.version>
+    <jmh.version>1.37</jmh.version>
     <main.basedir>${project.parent.parent.basedir}</main.basedir>
   </properties>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/pom.xml b/lang/java/pom.xml
index f96ce29defe..c7ca199a5a3 100644
--- a/lang/java/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/pom.xml
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
     <artifactId>avro-toplevel</artifactId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
@@ -37,39 +37,45 @@
     <main.basedir>${project.parent.basedir}</main.basedir>
 
     <!-- version properties for dependencies -->
-    <hadoop.version>3.3.1</hadoop.version>
-    <jackson.version>2.12.5</jackson.version>
-    <servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
-    <jetty.version>9.4.43.v20210629</jetty.version>
+    <ant.version>1.10.14</ant.version>
+    <commons-cli.version>1.8.0</commons-cli.version>
+    <commons-compress.version>1.26.2</commons-compress.version>
+    <commons-text.version>1.12.0</commons-text.version>
+    <commons-lang3.version>3.15.0</commons-lang3.version>
+    <grpc.version>1.65.1</grpc.version>
+    <hadoop.version>3.3.6</hadoop.version>
+    <hamcrest.version>2.2</hamcrest.version>
+    <jackson-bom.version>2.17.2</jackson-bom.version>
+    <jetty.version>9.4.55.v20240627</jetty.version>
     <jopt-simple.version>5.0.4</jopt-simple.version>
-    <junit.version>4.13.2</junit.version>
-    <netty.version>4.1.68.Final</netty.version>
-    <protobuf.version>3.17.3</protobuf.version>
-    <thrift.version>0.15.0</thrift.version>
-    <slf4j.version>1.7.32</slf4j.version>
-    <snappy.version>1.1.8.4</snappy.version>
-    <velocity.version>2.3</velocity.version>
-    <maven.version>3.8.1</maven.version>
-    <ant.version>1.10.11</ant.version>
-    <commons-cli.version>1.4</commons-cli.version>
-    <commons-compress.version>1.21</commons-compress.version>
-    <commons-lang.version>3.12.0</commons-lang.version>
+    <junit5.version>5.10.3</junit5.version>
+    <maven-core.version>3.9.6</maven-core.version>
+    <mockito.version>5.12.0</mockito.version>
+    <netty.version>4.1.112.Final</netty.version>
+    <protobuf.version>4.27.2</protobuf.version>
+    <reload4j.version>1.2.25</reload4j.version>
+    <servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
+    <slf4j.version>2.0.13</slf4j.version>
+    <snappy.version>1.1.10.5</snappy.version>
+    <thrift.version>0.20.0</thrift.version>
     <tukaani.version>1.9</tukaani.version>
-    <easymock.version>4.3</easymock.version>
-    <hamcrest.version>2.2</hamcrest.version>
-    <grpc.version>1.40.1</grpc.version>
-    <zstd-jni.version>1.5.0-4</zstd-jni.version>
+    <velocity.version>2.3</velocity.version>
+    <zstd-jni.version>1.5.6-4</zstd-jni.version>
     <!-- version properties for plugins -->
-    <archetype-plugin.version>3.2.0</archetype-plugin.version>
-    <bundle-plugin-version>5.1.2</bundle-plugin-version>
-    <exec-plugin.version>3.0.0</exec-plugin.version>
-    <file-management.version>3.0.0</file-management.version>
-    <javacc-plugin.version>2.6</javacc-plugin.version>
+    <archetype-plugin.version>3.2.1</archetype-plugin.version>
+    <bundle-plugin-version>5.1.9</bundle-plugin-version>
+    <cyclonedx-maven-plugin.version>2.8.0</cyclonedx-maven-plugin.version>
+    <exec-plugin.version>3.3.0</exec-plugin.version>
+    <file-management.version>3.1.0</file-management.version>
+    <javacc-plugin.version>3.0.3</javacc-plugin.version>
+    <javacc.version>7.0.13</javacc.version>
+    <maven-antrun-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
   </properties>
 
   <modules>
     <module>android</module>
     <module>avro</module>
+    <module>idl</module>
     <module>compiler</module>
     <module>maven-plugin</module>
     <module>ipc</module>
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@
     <module>grpc</module>
     <module>integration-test</module>
     <module>perf</module>
+    <module>interop-data-test</module>
   </modules>
 
   <build>
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
           <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-          <version>3.2.0</version>
+          <version>3.6.0</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
@@ -112,6 +119,7 @@
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
           <configuration>
             <compilerArgs>
               <arg>-parameters</arg>
@@ -154,13 +162,14 @@
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
           <configuration>
             <includes>
               <!-- Avro naming convention for JUnit tests -->
               <include>**/Test**</include>
             </includes>
             <excludes>
-              <!-- A few innner classes are not to be tested -->
+              <!-- A few inner classes are not to be tested -->
               <exclude>**/*$*</exclude>
               <!-- exclude the generated classes under apache.avro.test, some of
                 these match **/Test** and are not JUnit tests -->
@@ -191,7 +200,6 @@
           <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
           <configuration>
             <links>
-              <link>https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/</link>
               <link>https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/api/</link>
             </links>
             <tagletArtifacts>
@@ -206,13 +214,19 @@
             <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
             <additionalJOption>-Xdoclint:none</additionalJOption>
             <detectOfflineLinks>false</detectOfflineLinks>
-            <notimestamp>true</notimestamp>
           </configuration>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
-          <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+          <groupId>org.javacc.plugin</groupId>
           <artifactId>javacc-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>${javacc-plugin.version}</version>
+          <dependencies>
+            <dependency>
+              <groupId>net.java.dev.javacc</groupId>
+              <artifactId>javacc</artifactId>
+              <version>${javacc.version}</version>
+            </dependency>
+          </dependencies>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
@@ -224,6 +238,11 @@
           <artifactId>spotless-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>${spotless-maven-plugin.version}</version>
         </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.cyclonedx</groupId>
+          <artifactId>cyclonedx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${cyclonedx-maven-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
     <plugins>
@@ -237,11 +256,17 @@
           <instructions>
             <Bundle-Name>${project.name}</Bundle-Name>
             <Bundle-SymbolicName>${project.artifactId}</Bundle-SymbolicName>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <Export-Package>${osgi.export}</Export-Package>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <Import-Package>${osgi.import}</Import-Package>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <DynamicImport-Package>${osgi.dynamic.import}</DynamicImport-Package>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <Private-Package>${osgi.private}</Private-Package>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <Require-Bundle>${osgi.bundles}</Require-Bundle>
+            <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
             <Bundle-Activator>${osgi.activator}</Bundle-Activator>
           </instructions>
           <supportedProjectTypes>
@@ -289,14 +314,17 @@
               <!-- Avro uses Sun's java code style conventions with 2 spaces, this is a modified version of
                    the eclipse formatter -->
               <file>${main.basedir}/lang/java/eclipse-java-formatter.xml</file>
-              <version>4.19.0</version>
+              <version>4.19</version>
             </eclipse>
-            <removeUnusedImports/>
+            <!-- Temporarily disabled for JDK 16+ builds -->
+            <!--<removeUnusedImports/>-->
             <replaceRegex>
               <name>Remove wildcard imports</name>
               <searchRegex>import\s+[^\*\s]+\*;(\r\n|\r|\n)</searchRegex>
               <replacement>$1</replacement>
             </replaceRegex>
+            <!-- Allow spotless:off/spotless:on comment pairs to keep ASCII-formatted tables intact -->
+            <toggleOffOn/>
           </java>
         </configuration>
         <executions>
@@ -310,6 +338,18 @@
           </execution>
         </executions>
       </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.cyclonedx</groupId>
+        <artifactId>cyclonedx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <phase>package</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>makeBom</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
     </plugins>
   </build>
 
@@ -317,10 +357,27 @@
   </reporting>
 
   <profiles>
+
+    <profile>
+      <id>skipQuality</id>
+      <properties>
+        <skipTests>true</skipTests>
+        <rat.skip>true</rat.skip>
+        <checkstyle.skip>true</checkstyle.skip>
+        <spotless.skip>true</spotless.skip>
+        <invoker.skip>true</invoker.skip>
+        <cyclonedx.skip>true</cyclonedx.skip>
+        <gpg.skip>true</gpg.skip>
+        <maven.build.cache.skipCache>true</maven.build.cache.skipCache>
+      </properties>
+    </profile>
+
     <profile>
       <id>m2e</id>
       <activation>
-        <property><name>m2e.version</name></property>
+        <property>
+          <name>m2e.version</name>
+        </property>
       </activation>
       <build>
         <pluginManagement>
@@ -354,7 +411,7 @@
                         </goals>
                       </pluginExecutionFilter>
                       <action>
-                        <ignore />
+                        <ignore/>
                       </action>
                     </pluginExecution>
                     <pluginExecution>
@@ -367,7 +424,7 @@
                         </goals>
                       </pluginExecutionFilter>
                       <action>
-                        <ignore />
+                        <ignore/>
                       </action>
                     </pluginExecution>
                     <pluginExecution>
@@ -380,7 +437,7 @@
                         </goals>
                       </pluginExecutionFilter>
                       <action>
-                        <ignore />
+                        <ignore/>
                       </action>
                     </pluginExecution>
                     <pluginExecution>
@@ -395,47 +452,27 @@
                         </goals>
                       </pluginExecutionFilter>
                       <action>
-                        <ignore />
+                        <ignore/>
                       </action>
                     </pluginExecution>
                   </pluginExecutions>
                 </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
               </configuration>
             </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+              <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+              <version>${maven-antrun-plugin.version}</version>
+            </plugin>
           </plugins>
         </pluginManagement>
       </build>
     </profile>
-    <profile>
-      <id>interop-data-test</id>
-      <build>
-        <plugins>
-          <plugin>
-            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-            <configuration>
-              <includes>
-                <include>**/DataFileInteropTest*</include>
-              </includes>
-              <excludes>
-              </excludes>
-              <enableAssertions>false</enableAssertions>
-              <forkCount>1</forkCount>
-              <reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
-              <redirectTestOutputToFile>false</redirectTestOutputToFile>
-              <systemPropertyVariables>
-                <test.dir>../../../build/interop/data/</test.dir>
-              </systemPropertyVariables>
-            </configuration>
-          </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-      </build>
-    </profile>
     <profile>
       <id>mac</id>
       <activation>
         <os>
-        <family>mac</family>
+          <family>mac</family>
         </os>
       </activation>
       <build>
@@ -470,14 +507,11 @@
   <dependencyManagement>
     <dependencies>
       <dependency>
-        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
-        <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
-        <version>${jackson.version}</version>
-      </dependency>
-      <dependency>
-        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
-        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
-        <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson</groupId>
+        <artifactId>jackson-bom</artifactId>
+        <version>${jackson-bom.version}</version>
+        <type>pom</type>
+        <scope>import</scope>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
@@ -490,9 +524,9 @@
         <version>${jetty.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
-          <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
-          <artifactId>jetty-servlet</artifactId>
-          <version>${jetty.version}</version>
+        <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
+        <artifactId>jetty-servlet</artifactId>
+        <version>${jetty.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
@@ -500,9 +534,9 @@
         <version>${jetty.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
-          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
-          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
-          <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
+        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+        <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>net.sf.jopt-simple</groupId>
@@ -522,14 +556,16 @@
         </exclusions>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
-        <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
-        <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
-        <version>${easymock.version}</version>
+        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+        <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+        <version>${mockito.version}</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
         <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
         <version>${hamcrest.version}</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
@@ -578,6 +614,11 @@
         <artifactId>zstd-jni</artifactId>
         <version>${zstd-jni.version}</version>
       </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+        <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+        <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
+      </dependency>
     </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>
 
@@ -585,9 +626,16 @@
     will inherit these dependencies directly, and can opt out if necessary with <excludes> -->
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>junit</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
-      <version>${junit.version}</version>
+      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
+      <version>${junit5.version}</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+      <version>${junit5.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/pom.xml b/lang/java/protobuf/pom.xml
index 793cd70801d..2e4902d1c57 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-protobuf</artifactId>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
               <execution>
                 <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
                 <configuration>
-                  <tasks>
+                  <target>
                     <mkdir dir="target/protobuf-tmp"/>
                     <exec executable="protoc">
                       <arg value="--java_out=src/test/java/"/>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
                       <arg value="--java_out=src/test/java/"/>
                       <arg value="src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto"/>
                     </exec>
-                  </tasks>
+                  </target>
                 </configuration>
                 <goals>
                   <goal>run</goal>
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/ProtoConversions.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/ProtoConversions.java
index 424e94c7e34..c65d0eb573a 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/ProtoConversions.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/ProtoConversions.java
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@
 
 public class ProtoConversions {
 
-  private static final int THOUSAND = 1000;
-  private static final int MILLION = 1000000;
+  private static final int THOUSAND = 1_000;
+  private static final int MILLION = 1_000_000;
+  private static final int BILLION = 1_000_000_000;
 
   // second value must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z
   // inclusive.
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ public class ProtoConversions {
 
   // timestamp precise of conversion from long
   private enum TimestampPrecise {
-    Millis, Micros
+    Millis, Micros, Nanos
   };
 
   public static class TimestampMillisConversion extends Conversion<Timestamp> {
@@ -96,6 +97,33 @@ public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
     }
   }
 
+  public static class TimestampNanosConversion extends Conversion<Timestamp> {
+    @Override
+    public Class<Timestamp> getConvertedType() {
+      return Timestamp.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getLogicalTypeName() {
+      return "timestamp-nanos";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Timestamp fromLong(Long nanosFromEpoch, Schema schema, LogicalType type) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+      return ProtoConversions.fromLong(nanosFromEpoch, TimestampPrecise.Nanos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long toLong(Timestamp value, Schema schema, LogicalType type) {
+      return ProtoConversions.toLong(value, TimestampPrecise.Nanos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Schema getRecommendedSchema() {
+      return LogicalTypes.timestampNanos().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
+    }
+  }
+
   private static long toLong(Timestamp value, TimestampPrecise precise) {
     long rv = 0L;
 
@@ -112,8 +140,8 @@ private static long toLong(Timestamp value, TimestampPrecise precise) {
   }
 
   private static Timestamp fromLong(Long elapsedSinceEpoch, TimestampPrecise precise) throws IllegalArgumentException {
-    long seconds = 0L;
-    int nanos = 0;
+    final long seconds;
+    final int nanos;
 
     switch (precise) {
     case Millis:
@@ -124,6 +152,12 @@ private static Timestamp fromLong(Long elapsedSinceEpoch, TimestampPrecise preci
       seconds = Math.floorDiv(elapsedSinceEpoch, (long) MILLION);
       nanos = (int) Math.floorMod(elapsedSinceEpoch, (long) MILLION) * THOUSAND;
       break;
+    case Nanos:
+      seconds = Math.floorDiv(elapsedSinceEpoch, (long) BILLION);
+      nanos = (int) Math.floorMod(elapsedSinceEpoch, (long) BILLION);
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown precision: " + precise);
     }
 
     if (seconds < SECONDS_LOWERLIMIT || seconds > SECONDS_UPPERLIMIT) {
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtoConversions.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtoConversions.java
index b6b536676a0..59b1c1f9630 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtoConversions.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtoConversions.java
@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.protobuf.ProtoConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion;
 import org.apache.avro.protobuf.ProtoConversions.TimestampMillisConversion;
 import org.apache.avro.reflect.ReflectData;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 public class TestProtoConversions {
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ public class TestProtoConversions {
     Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 678);
   }
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void createSchemas() {
     TestProtoConversions.TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()
         .addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG));
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ public static void createSchemas() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
+  void timestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
     TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
     Timestamp May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_ts = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(1432849613L).setNanos(221000000).build();
     Timestamp Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_ts = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(-2208891355L).setNanos(678000000).build();
@@ -67,25 +69,29 @@ public void testTimestampMillisConversion() throws Exception {
     Timestamp tsFromInstant = conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
     long roundTrip = conversion.toLong(tsFromInstant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Round-trip conversion should work", instant, roundTrip);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_ts,
-        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", instant,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_ts, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(instant, roundTrip, "Round-trip conversion should work");
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_ts,
+        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
+    assertEquals(instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_ts, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
 
     instant = Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678.getTimeInMillis();
     tsFromInstant = conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
     roundTrip = conversion.toLong(tsFromInstant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Round-trip conversion should work", instant, roundTrip);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_ts,
-        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", instant,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_ts, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()));
+    assertEquals(instant, roundTrip, "Round-trip conversion should work");
+    assertEquals(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_ts,
+        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
+    assertEquals(instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_ts, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTimestampMicrosConversion() {
+  void timestampMicrosConversion() {
     TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
     Timestamp May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_ts = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(1432849613L).setNanos(221843000)
         .build();
@@ -95,49 +101,60 @@ public void testTimestampMicrosConversion() {
     Timestamp tsFromInstant = conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
     long roundTrip = conversion.toLong(tsFromInstant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Round-trip conversion should work", instant, roundTrip);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_ts,
-        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", instant, (long) conversion
-        .toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_ts, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()));
+    assertEquals(instant, roundTrip, "Round-trip conversion should work");
+    assertEquals(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_ts,
+        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
+    assertEquals(instant, (long) conversion.toLong(May_28_2015_21_46_53_221_843_ts, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA,
+        LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()), "Known timestamp should be correct");
 
     instant = Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678.getTimeInMillis() * 1000 + 901;
     tsFromInstant = conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
     roundTrip = conversion.toLong(tsFromInstant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
 
-    Assert.assertEquals("Round-trip conversion should work", instant, roundTrip);
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_901_ts,
-        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()));
-    Assert.assertEquals("Known timestamp should be correct", instant,
-        (long) conversion.toLong(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_901_ts, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()));
+    assertEquals(instant, roundTrip, "Round-trip conversion should work");
+    assertEquals(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_901_ts,
+        conversion.fromLong(instant, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
+    assertEquals(instant,
+        (long) conversion.toLong(Jan_2_1900_3_4_5_678_901_ts, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros()),
+        "Known timestamp should be correct");
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testTimestampMillisConversionSecondsLowerLimit() throws Exception {
-    TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
-    long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_LOWERLIMIT - 1) * 1000;
-    conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
+  @Test
+  void timestampMillisConversionSecondsLowerLimit() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
+      long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_LOWERLIMIT - 1) * 1000;
+      conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testTimestampMillisConversionSecondsUpperLimit() throws Exception {
-    TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
-    long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_UPPERLIMIT + 1) * 1000;
-    conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
+  @Test
+  void timestampMillisConversionSecondsUpperLimit() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new TimestampMillisConversion();
+      long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_UPPERLIMIT + 1) * 1000;
+      conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMillis());
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testTimestampMicrosConversionSecondsLowerLimit() throws Exception {
-    TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
-    long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_LOWERLIMIT - 1) * 1000000;
-    conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
+  @Test
+  void timestampMicrosConversionSecondsLowerLimit() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
+      long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_LOWERLIMIT - 1) * 1000000;
+      conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
+    });
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-  public void testTimestampMicrosConversionSecondsUpperLimit() throws Exception {
-    TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
-    long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_UPPERLIMIT + 1) * 1000000;
-    conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
+  @Test
+  void timestampMicrosConversionSecondsUpperLimit() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+      TimestampMicrosConversion conversion = new TimestampMicrosConversion();
+      long exceeded = (ProtoConversions.SECONDS_UPPERLIMIT + 1) * 1000000;
+      conversion.fromLong(exceeded, TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, LogicalTypes.timestampMicros());
+    });
   }
 
   /*
@@ -146,15 +163,15 @@ public void testTimestampMicrosConversionSecondsUpperLimit() throws Exception {
    * ProtoConversions.TimestampMicrosConversion());
    */
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithDateTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithDateTimeConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("com.google.protobuf.Timestamp", new TimestampMillisConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMillis", TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIMESTAMP_MILLIS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMillis");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDynamicSchemaWithDateTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+  void dynamicSchemaWithDateTimeMicrosConversion() throws ClassNotFoundException {
     Schema schema = getReflectedSchemaByName("com.google.protobuf.Timestamp", new TimestampMicrosConversion());
-    Assert.assertEquals("Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMicros", TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema);
+    assertEquals(TIMESTAMP_MICROS_SCHEMA, schema, "Reflected schema should be logicalType timestampMicros");
   }
 
   private Schema getReflectedSchemaByName(String className, Conversion<?> conversion) throws ClassNotFoundException {
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtobuf.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtobuf.java
index 8536f6aec7e..5ac34fdae65 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtobuf.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/TestProtobuf.java
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.Lists;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
 
 public class TestProtobuf {
   @Test
-  public void testMessage() throws Exception {
+  void message() throws Exception {
 
     System.out.println(ProtobufData.get().getSchema(Foo.class).toString(true));
     Foo.Builder builder = Foo.newBuilder();
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public void testMessage() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMessageWithEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+  void messageWithEmptyArray() throws Exception {
     Foo foo = Foo.newBuilder().setInt32(5).setBool(true).build();
     ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     ProtobufDatumWriter<Foo> w = new ProtobufDatumWriter<>(Foo.class);
@@ -104,25 +105,25 @@ public void testMessageWithEmptyArray() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+  void emptyArray() throws Exception {
     Schema s = ProtobufData.get().getSchema(Foo.class);
     assertEquals(s.getField("fooArray").defaultVal(), Lists.newArrayList());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedEnum() throws Exception {
+  void nestedEnum() throws Exception {
     Schema s = ProtobufData.get().getSchema(N.class);
     assertEquals(N.class.getName(), SpecificData.get().getClass(s).getName());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedClassNamespace() throws Exception {
+  void nestedClassNamespace() throws Exception {
     Schema s = ProtobufData.get().getSchema(Foo.class);
     assertEquals(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.class.getName(), s.getNamespace());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testClassNamespaceInMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
+  void classNamespaceInMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
     Schema fooSchema = ProtobufData.get().getSchema(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.class);
     assertEquals(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.class.getPackage().getName(), fooSchema.getNamespace());
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ public void testClassNamespaceInMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetNonRepeatedSchemaWithLogicalType() throws Exception {
+  void getNonRepeatedSchemaWithLogicalType() throws Exception {
     ProtoConversions.TimestampMillisConversion conversion = new ProtoConversions.TimestampMillisConversion();
 
     // Don't convert to logical type if conversion isn't set
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/A.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/A.java
index 20633d5b7df..bbf96bce7c7 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/A.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/A.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
 
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
 /**
@@ -24,6 +25,11 @@ public enum A implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
    */
   Z(3),;
 
+  static {
+    com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+        /* suffix= */ "", A.class.getName());
+  }
   /**
    * <code>X = 1;</code>
    */
@@ -42,6 +48,8 @@ public final int getNumber() {
   }
 
   /**
+   * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+   * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
    * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
    */
   @java.lang.Deprecated
@@ -49,6 +57,10 @@ public static A valueOf(int value) {
     return forNumber(value);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+   * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
+   */
   public static A forNumber(int value) {
     switch (value) {
     case 1:
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/Foo.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/Foo.java
index 58401507178..39b521d2c23 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/Foo.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/Foo.java
@@ -1,271 +1,42 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
 
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
 /**
  * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo}
  */
-public final class Foo extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+public final class Foo extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements
     // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo)
     FooOrBuilder {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  static {
+    com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+        /* suffix= */ "", Foo.class.getName());
+  }
 
   // Use Foo.newBuilder() to construct.
-  private Foo(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+  private Foo(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
     super(builder);
   }
 
   private Foo() {
-    int32_ = 0;
-    int64_ = 0L;
-    uint32_ = 0;
-    uint64_ = 0L;
-    sint32_ = 0;
-    sint64_ = 0L;
-    fixed32_ = 0;
-    fixed64_ = 0L;
-    sfixed32_ = 0;
-    sfixed64_ = 0L;
-    float_ = 0F;
-    double_ = 0D;
-    bool_ = false;
     string_ = "";
     bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
     enum_ = 3;
-    intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+    intArray_ = emptyIntList();
     fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
     syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
   }
 
-  @java.lang.Override
-  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
-    return this.unknownFields;
-  }
-
-  private Foo(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input, com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-    this();
-    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
-      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
-    }
-    int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
-    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
-    try {
-      boolean done = false;
-      while (!done) {
-        int tag = input.readTag();
-        switch (tag) {
-        case 0:
-          done = true;
-          break;
-        default: {
-          if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
-            done = true;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case 8: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
-          int32_ = input.readInt32();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 16: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
-          int64_ = input.readInt64();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 24: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
-          uint32_ = input.readUInt32();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 32: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
-          uint64_ = input.readUInt64();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 40: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
-          sint32_ = input.readSInt32();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 48: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
-          sint64_ = input.readSInt64();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 61: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
-          fixed32_ = input.readFixed32();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 65: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
-          fixed64_ = input.readFixed64();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 77: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
-          sfixed32_ = input.readSFixed32();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 81: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
-          sfixed64_ = input.readSFixed64();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 93: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
-          float_ = input.readFloat();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 97: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
-          double_ = input.readDouble();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 104: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
-          bool_ = input.readBool();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 114: {
-          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
-          string_ = bs;
-          break;
-        }
-        case 122: {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
-          bytes_ = input.readBytes();
-          break;
-        }
-        case 128: {
-          int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-          org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-          if (value == null) {
-            unknownFields.mergeVarintField(16, rawValue);
-          } else {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
-            enum_ = rawValue;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case 136: {
-          if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-            intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-            mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-          }
-          intArray_.add(input.readInt32());
-          break;
-        }
-        case 138: {
-          int length = input.readRawVarint32();
-          int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
-          if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000) && input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-            intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-            mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-          }
-          while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-            intArray_.add(input.readInt32());
-          }
-          input.popLimit(limit);
-          break;
-        }
-        case 146: {
-          org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder subBuilder = null;
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-            subBuilder = foo_.toBuilder();
-          }
-          foo_ = input.readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.PARSER, extensionRegistry);
-          if (subBuilder != null) {
-            subBuilder.mergeFrom(foo_);
-            foo_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
-          }
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-          break;
-        }
-        case 152: {
-          int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-          org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-          if (value == null) {
-            unknownFields.mergeVarintField(19, rawValue);
-          } else {
-            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-              syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
-            }
-            syms_.add(rawValue);
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case 154: {
-          int length = input.readRawVarint32();
-          int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
-          while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-            int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-            org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-            if (value == null) {
-              unknownFields.mergeVarintField(19, rawValue);
-            } else {
-              if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-                syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-                mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
-              }
-              syms_.add(rawValue);
-            }
-          }
-          input.popLimit(oldLimit);
-          break;
-        }
-        case 162: {
-          if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-            fooArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo>();
-            mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
-          }
-          fooArray_.add(input.readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.PARSER, extensionRegistry));
-          break;
-        }
-        case 170: {
-          com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder subBuilder = null;
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-            subBuilder = timestamp_.toBuilder();
-          }
-          timestamp_ = input.readMessage(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.parser(), extensionRegistry);
-          if (subBuilder != null) {
-            subBuilder.mergeFrom(timestamp_);
-            timestamp_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
-          }
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
-          break;
-        }
-        }
-      }
-    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
-      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-    } finally {
-      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-        intArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
-      }
-      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-        syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
-      }
-      if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-        fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
-      }
-      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
-      makeExtensionsImmutable();
-    }
-  }
-
   public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
     return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor;
   }
 
-  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
     return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable
         .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.class,
             org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder.class);
@@ -273,7 +44,7 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
 
   private int bitField0_;
   public static final int INT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
-  private int int32_;
+  private int int32_ = 0;
 
   /**
    * <pre>
@@ -281,9 +52,12 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasInt32() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -292,228 +66,310 @@ public boolean hasInt32() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The int32.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getInt32() {
     return int32_;
   }
 
   public static final int INT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
-  private long int64_;
+  private long int64_ = 0L;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasInt64() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The int64.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public long getInt64() {
     return int64_;
   }
 
   public static final int UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
-  private int uint32_;
+  private int uint32_ = 0;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasUint32() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The uint32.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getUint32() {
     return uint32_;
   }
 
   public static final int UINT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
-  private long uint64_;
+  private long uint64_ = 0L;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasUint64() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The uint64.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public long getUint64() {
     return uint64_;
   }
 
   public static final int SINT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 5;
-  private int sint32_;
+  private int sint32_ = 0;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasSint32() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sint32.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getSint32() {
     return sint32_;
   }
 
   public static final int SINT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 6;
-  private long sint64_;
+  private long sint64_ = 0L;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasSint64() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sint64.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public long getSint64() {
     return sint64_;
   }
 
   public static final int FIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER = 7;
-  private int fixed32_;
+  private int fixed32_ = 0;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasFixed32() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The fixed32.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getFixed32() {
     return fixed32_;
   }
 
   public static final int FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER = 8;
-  private long fixed64_;
+  private long fixed64_ = 0L;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasFixed64() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The fixed64.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public long getFixed64() {
     return fixed64_;
   }
 
   public static final int SFIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER = 9;
-  private int sfixed32_;
+  private int sfixed32_ = 0;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasSfixed32() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sfixed32.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getSfixed32() {
     return sfixed32_;
   }
 
   public static final int SFIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER = 10;
-  private long sfixed64_;
+  private long sfixed64_ = 0L;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasSfixed64() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sfixed64.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public long getSfixed64() {
     return sfixed64_;
   }
 
   public static final int FLOAT_FIELD_NUMBER = 11;
-  private float float_;
+  private float float_ = 0F;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the float field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasFloat() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The float.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public float getFloat() {
     return float_;
   }
 
   public static final int DOUBLE_FIELD_NUMBER = 12;
-  private double double_;
+  private double double_ = 0D;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the double field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasDouble() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The double.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public double getDouble() {
     return double_;
   }
 
   public static final int BOOL_FIELD_NUMBER = 13;
-  private boolean bool_;
+  private boolean bool_ = false;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the bool field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasBool() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bool.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean getBool() {
     return bool_;
   }
 
   public static final int STRING_FIELD_NUMBER = 14;
-  private volatile java.lang.Object string_;
+  @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+  private volatile java.lang.Object string_ = "";
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the string field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasString() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The string.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public java.lang.String getString() {
     java.lang.Object ref = string_;
     if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
@@ -530,7 +386,10 @@ public java.lang.String getString() {
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bytes for string.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
     java.lang.Object ref = string_;
     if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
@@ -543,42 +402,55 @@ public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
   }
 
   public static final int BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER = 15;
-  private com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes_;
+  private com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasBytes() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bytes.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes() {
     return bytes_;
   }
 
   public static final int ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER = 16;
-  private int enum_;
+  private int enum_ = 3;
 
   /**
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the enum field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasEnum() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The enum.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getEnum() {
-    org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(enum_);
+    org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.forNumber(enum_);
     return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.Z : result;
   }
 
   public static final int INTARRAY_FIELD_NUMBER = 17;
-  private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> intArray_;
+  @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+  private com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList intArray_ = emptyIntList();
 
   /**
    * <pre>
@@ -586,7 +458,10 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getEnum() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return A list containing the intArray.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
     return intArray_;
   }
@@ -597,6 +472,8 @@ public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The count of intArray.
    */
   public int getIntArrayCount() {
     return intArray_.size();
@@ -608,17 +485,22 @@ public int getIntArrayCount() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The intArray at the given index.
    */
   public int getIntArray(int index) {
-    return intArray_.get(index);
+    return intArray_.getInt(index);
   }
 
   public static final int FOOARRAY_FIELD_NUMBER = 20;
+  @SuppressWarnings("serial")
   private java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo> fooArray_;
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo> getFooArrayList() {
     return fooArray_;
   }
@@ -626,6 +508,7 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo> getFooArrayLis
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public java.util.List<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayOrBuilderList() {
     return fooArray_;
   }
@@ -633,6 +516,7 @@ public java.util.List<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuil
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getFooArrayCount() {
     return fooArray_.size();
   }
@@ -640,6 +524,7 @@ public int getFooArrayCount() {
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFooArray(int index) {
     return fooArray_.get(index);
   }
@@ -647,22 +532,27 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFooArray(int index) {
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder getFooArrayOrBuilder(int index) {
     return fooArray_.get(index);
   }
 
   public static final int SYMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 19;
+  @SuppressWarnings("serial")
   private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> syms_;
   private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> syms_converter_ = new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A>() {
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A convert(java.lang.Integer from) {
-      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(from);
+      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.forNumber(from);
       return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.X : result;
     }
   };
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return A list containing the syms.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> getSymsList() {
     return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A>(
         syms_, syms_converter_);
@@ -670,14 +560,21 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> getSymsList() {
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The count of syms.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getSymsCount() {
     return syms_.size();
   }
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The syms at the given index.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getSyms(int index) {
     return syms_converter_.convert(syms_.get(index));
   }
@@ -691,9 +588,12 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getSyms(int index) {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the foo field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasFoo() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -702,7 +602,10 @@ public boolean hasFoo() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The foo.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFoo() {
     return foo_ == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.getDefaultInstance() : foo_;
   }
@@ -714,6 +617,7 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFoo() {
    *
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
     return foo_ == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.getDefaultInstance() : foo_;
   }
@@ -727,9 +631,12 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public boolean hasTimestamp() {
-    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000);
+    return ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -738,7 +645,10 @@ public boolean hasTimestamp() {
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The timestamp.
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
     return timestamp_ == null ? com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance() : timestamp_;
   }
@@ -750,12 +660,14 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
    *
    * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
    */
+  @java.lang.Override
   public com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder getTimestampOrBuilder() {
     return timestamp_ == null ? com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance() : timestamp_;
   }
 
   private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public final boolean isInitialized() {
     byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
     if (isInitialized == 1)
@@ -783,59 +695,60 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
     return true;
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io.IOException {
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
       output.writeInt32(1, int32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
       output.writeInt64(2, int64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
       output.writeUInt32(3, uint32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
       output.writeUInt64(4, uint64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
       output.writeSInt32(5, sint32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
       output.writeSInt64(6, sint64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
       output.writeFixed32(7, fixed32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
       output.writeFixed64(8, fixed64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
       output.writeSFixed32(9, sfixed32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
       output.writeSFixed64(10, sfixed64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
       output.writeFloat(11, float_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
       output.writeDouble(12, double_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
       output.writeBool(13, bool_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
-      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 14, string_);
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.writeString(output, 14, string_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
       output.writeBytes(15, bytes_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
       output.writeEnum(16, enum_);
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < intArray_.size(); i++) {
-      output.writeInt32(17, intArray_.get(i));
+      output.writeInt32(17, intArray_.getInt(i));
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
       output.writeMessage(18, getFoo());
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < syms_.size(); i++) {
@@ -844,75 +757,76 @@ public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io
     for (int i = 0; i < fooArray_.size(); i++) {
       output.writeMessage(20, fooArray_.get(i));
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
       output.writeMessage(21, getTimestamp());
     }
-    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+    getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getSerializedSize() {
     int size = memoizedSize;
     if (size != -1)
       return size;
 
     size = 0;
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(1, int32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(2, int64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(3, uint32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(4, uint64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(5, sint32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(6, sint64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(7, fixed32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(8, fixed64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(9, sfixed32_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(10, sfixed64_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(11, float_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(12, double_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(13, bool_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
-      size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(14, string_);
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+      size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.computeStringSize(14, string_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(15, bytes_);
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(16, enum_);
     }
     {
       int dataSize = 0;
       for (int i = 0; i < intArray_.size(); i++) {
-        dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(intArray_.get(i));
+        dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(intArray_.getInt(i));
       }
       size += dataSize;
       size += 2 * getIntArrayList().size();
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(18, getFoo());
     }
     {
@@ -926,10 +840,10 @@ public int getSerializedSize() {
     for (int i = 0; i < fooArray_.size(); i++) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(20, fooArray_.get(i));
     }
-    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+    if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
       size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(21, getTimestamp());
     }
-    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
     memoizedSize = size;
     return size;
   }
@@ -944,86 +858,123 @@ public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
     }
     org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo other = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo) obj;
 
-    boolean result = true;
-    result = result && (hasInt32() == other.hasInt32());
+    if (hasInt32() != other.hasInt32())
+      return false;
     if (hasInt32()) {
-      result = result && (getInt32() == other.getInt32());
+      if (getInt32() != other.getInt32())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasInt64() == other.hasInt64());
+    if (hasInt64() != other.hasInt64())
+      return false;
     if (hasInt64()) {
-      result = result && (getInt64() == other.getInt64());
+      if (getInt64() != other.getInt64())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasUint32() == other.hasUint32());
+    if (hasUint32() != other.hasUint32())
+      return false;
     if (hasUint32()) {
-      result = result && (getUint32() == other.getUint32());
+      if (getUint32() != other.getUint32())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasUint64() == other.hasUint64());
+    if (hasUint64() != other.hasUint64())
+      return false;
     if (hasUint64()) {
-      result = result && (getUint64() == other.getUint64());
+      if (getUint64() != other.getUint64())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasSint32() == other.hasSint32());
+    if (hasSint32() != other.hasSint32())
+      return false;
     if (hasSint32()) {
-      result = result && (getSint32() == other.getSint32());
+      if (getSint32() != other.getSint32())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasSint64() == other.hasSint64());
+    if (hasSint64() != other.hasSint64())
+      return false;
     if (hasSint64()) {
-      result = result && (getSint64() == other.getSint64());
+      if (getSint64() != other.getSint64())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasFixed32() == other.hasFixed32());
+    if (hasFixed32() != other.hasFixed32())
+      return false;
     if (hasFixed32()) {
-      result = result && (getFixed32() == other.getFixed32());
+      if (getFixed32() != other.getFixed32())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasFixed64() == other.hasFixed64());
+    if (hasFixed64() != other.hasFixed64())
+      return false;
     if (hasFixed64()) {
-      result = result && (getFixed64() == other.getFixed64());
+      if (getFixed64() != other.getFixed64())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasSfixed32() == other.hasSfixed32());
+    if (hasSfixed32() != other.hasSfixed32())
+      return false;
     if (hasSfixed32()) {
-      result = result && (getSfixed32() == other.getSfixed32());
+      if (getSfixed32() != other.getSfixed32())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasSfixed64() == other.hasSfixed64());
+    if (hasSfixed64() != other.hasSfixed64())
+      return false;
     if (hasSfixed64()) {
-      result = result && (getSfixed64() == other.getSfixed64());
+      if (getSfixed64() != other.getSfixed64())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasFloat() == other.hasFloat());
+    if (hasFloat() != other.hasFloat())
+      return false;
     if (hasFloat()) {
-      result = result
-          && (java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(getFloat()) == java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(other.getFloat()));
+      if (java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(getFloat()) != java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(other.getFloat()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasDouble() == other.hasDouble());
+    if (hasDouble() != other.hasDouble())
+      return false;
     if (hasDouble()) {
-      result = result
-          && (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getDouble()) == java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(other.getDouble()));
+      if (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getDouble()) != java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(other.getDouble()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasBool() == other.hasBool());
+    if (hasBool() != other.hasBool())
+      return false;
     if (hasBool()) {
-      result = result && (getBool() == other.getBool());
+      if (getBool() != other.getBool())
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasString() == other.hasString());
+    if (hasString() != other.hasString())
+      return false;
     if (hasString()) {
-      result = result && getString().equals(other.getString());
+      if (!getString().equals(other.getString()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasBytes() == other.hasBytes());
+    if (hasBytes() != other.hasBytes())
+      return false;
     if (hasBytes()) {
-      result = result && getBytes().equals(other.getBytes());
+      if (!getBytes().equals(other.getBytes()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasEnum() == other.hasEnum());
+    if (hasEnum() != other.hasEnum())
+      return false;
     if (hasEnum()) {
-      result = result && enum_ == other.enum_;
+      if (enum_ != other.enum_)
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && getIntArrayList().equals(other.getIntArrayList());
-    result = result && getFooArrayList().equals(other.getFooArrayList());
-    result = result && syms_.equals(other.syms_);
-    result = result && (hasFoo() == other.hasFoo());
+    if (!getIntArrayList().equals(other.getIntArrayList()))
+      return false;
+    if (!getFooArrayList().equals(other.getFooArrayList()))
+      return false;
+    if (!syms_.equals(other.syms_))
+      return false;
+    if (hasFoo() != other.hasFoo())
+      return false;
     if (hasFoo()) {
-      result = result && getFoo().equals(other.getFoo());
+      if (!getFoo().equals(other.getFoo()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && (hasTimestamp() == other.hasTimestamp());
+    if (hasTimestamp() != other.hasTimestamp())
+      return false;
     if (hasTimestamp()) {
-      result = result && getTimestamp().equals(other.getTimestamp());
+      if (!getTimestamp().equals(other.getTimestamp()))
+        return false;
     }
-    result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);
-    return result;
+    if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields()))
+      return false;
+    return true;
   }
 
   @java.lang.Override
@@ -1117,7 +1068,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
       hash = (37 * hash) + TIMESTAMP_FIELD_NUMBER;
       hash = (53 * hash) + getTimestamp().hashCode();
     }
-    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
     memoizedHashCode = hash;
     return hash;
   }
@@ -1157,34 +1108,35 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseFrom(byte[] data,
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public Builder newBuilderForType() {
     return newBuilder();
   }
@@ -1197,12 +1149,13 @@ public static Builder newBuilder(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo prot
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public Builder toBuilder() {
     return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
   }
 
   @java.lang.Override
-  protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
     Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
     return builder;
   }
@@ -1210,14 +1163,15 @@ protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Build
   /**
    * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo}
    */
-  public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+  public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo)
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder {
     public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor;
     }
 
-    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable
           .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.class,
               org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder.class);
@@ -1228,86 +1182,73 @@ private Builder() {
       maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
     }
 
-    private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
       super(parent);
       maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
     }
 
     private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
-      if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+      if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
         getFooArrayFieldBuilder();
         getFooFieldBuilder();
         getTimestampFieldBuilder();
       }
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder clear() {
       super.clear();
+      bitField0_ = 0;
       int32_ = 0;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
       int64_ = 0L;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
       uint32_ = 0;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
       uint64_ = 0L;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
       sint32_ = 0;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
       sint64_ = 0L;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000020);
       fixed32_ = 0;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000040);
       fixed64_ = 0L;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000080);
       sfixed32_ = 0;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000100);
       sfixed64_ = 0L;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000200);
       float_ = 0F;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000400);
       double_ = 0D;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000800);
       bool_ = false;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00001000);
       string_ = "";
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
       bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00004000);
       enum_ = 3;
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00008000);
-      intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
+      intArray_ = emptyIntList();
       if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
         fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
       } else {
+        fooArray_ = null;
         fooArrayBuilder_.clear();
       }
+      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
       syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
-      if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-        foo_ = null;
-      } else {
-        fooBuilder_.clear();
+      foo_ = null;
+      if (fooBuilder_ != null) {
+        fooBuilder_.dispose();
+        fooBuilder_ = null;
       }
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00080000);
-      if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-        timestamp_ = null;
-      } else {
-        timestampBuilder_.clear();
+      timestamp_ = null;
+      if (timestampBuilder_ != null) {
+        timestampBuilder_.dispose();
+        timestampBuilder_ = null;
       }
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00100000);
       return this;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getDefaultInstanceForType() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.getDefaultInstance();
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo build() {
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo result = buildPartial();
       if (!result.isInitialized()) {
@@ -1316,139 +1257,117 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo build() {
       return result;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo buildPartial() {
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo result = new org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo(this);
+      buildPartialRepeatedFields(result);
+      if (bitField0_ != 0) {
+        buildPartial0(result);
+      }
+      onBuilt();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private void buildPartialRepeatedFields(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo result) {
+      if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
+          fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
+        }
+        result.fooArray_ = fooArray_;
+      } else {
+        result.fooArray_ = fooArrayBuilder_.build();
+      }
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) != 0)) {
+        syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
+      }
+      result.syms_ = syms_;
+    }
+
+    private void buildPartial0(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo result) {
       int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
       int to_bitField0_ = 0;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+        result.int32_ = int32_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
       }
-      result.int32_ = int32_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
+        result.int64_ = int64_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
       }
-      result.int64_ = int64_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
+        result.uint32_ = uint32_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
       }
-      result.uint32_ = uint32_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
+        result.uint64_ = uint64_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
       }
-      result.uint64_ = uint64_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
+        result.sint32_ = sint32_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
       }
-      result.sint32_ = sint32_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
+        result.sint64_ = sint64_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
       }
-      result.sint64_ = sint64_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
+        result.fixed32_ = fixed32_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
       }
-      result.fixed32_ = fixed32_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
+        result.fixed64_ = fixed64_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
       }
-      result.fixed64_ = fixed64_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
+        result.sfixed32_ = sfixed32_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
       }
-      result.sfixed32_ = sfixed32_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
+        result.sfixed64_ = sfixed64_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
       }
-      result.sfixed64_ = sfixed64_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
+        result.float_ = float_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
       }
-      result.float_ = float_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
+        result.double_ = double_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
       }
-      result.double_ = double_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
+        result.bool_ = bool_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
       }
-      result.bool_ = bool_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+        result.string_ = string_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
       }
-      result.string_ = string_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
+        result.bytes_ = bytes_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
       }
-      result.bytes_ = bytes_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
+        result.enum_ = enum_;
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
       }
-      result.enum_ = enum_;
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-        intArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
+        intArray_.makeImmutable();
+        result.intArray_ = intArray_;
       }
-      result.intArray_ = intArray_;
-      if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
-        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-          fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
-          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
-        }
-        result.fooArray_ = fooArray_;
-      } else {
-        result.fooArray_ = fooArrayBuilder_.build();
-      }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-        syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
-      }
-      result.syms_ = syms_;
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0)) {
+        result.foo_ = fooBuilder_ == null ? foo_ : fooBuilder_.build();
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
       }
-      if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-        result.foo_ = foo_;
-      } else {
-        result.foo_ = fooBuilder_.build();
-      }
-      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000)) {
+      if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0)) {
+        result.timestamp_ = timestampBuilder_ == null ? timestamp_ : timestampBuilder_.build();
         to_bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
       }
-      if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-        result.timestamp_ = timestamp_;
-      } else {
-        result.timestamp_ = timestampBuilder_.build();
-      }
-      result.bitField0_ = to_bitField0_;
-      onBuilt();
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    public Builder clone() {
-      return (Builder) super.clone();
-    }
-
-    public Builder setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.setField(field, value);
-    }
-
-    public Builder clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
-      return (Builder) super.clearField(field);
-    }
-
-    public Builder clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
-      return (Builder) super.clearOneof(oneof);
-    }
-
-    public Builder setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index,
-        java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
-    }
-
-    public Builder addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      result.bitField0_ |= to_bitField0_;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
       if (other instanceof org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo) {
         return mergeFrom((org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo) other);
@@ -1501,8 +1420,8 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo other) {
         setBool(other.getBool());
       }
       if (other.hasString()) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         string_ = other.string_;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         onChanged();
       }
       if (other.hasBytes()) {
@@ -1514,7 +1433,8 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo other) {
       if (!other.intArray_.isEmpty()) {
         if (intArray_.isEmpty()) {
           intArray_ = other.intArray_;
-          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
+          intArray_.makeImmutable();
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
         } else {
           ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
           intArray_.addAll(other.intArray_);
@@ -1539,7 +1459,7 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo other) {
             fooArrayBuilder_ = null;
             fooArray_ = other.fooArray_;
             bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
-            fooArrayBuilder_ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ? getFooArrayFieldBuilder()
+            fooArrayBuilder_ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ? getFooArrayFieldBuilder()
                 : null;
           } else {
             fooArrayBuilder_.addAllMessages(other.fooArray_);
@@ -1562,11 +1482,12 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo other) {
       if (other.hasTimestamp()) {
         mergeTimestamp(other.getTimestamp());
       }
-      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
       if (!hasInt32()) {
         return false;
@@ -1584,19 +1505,186 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
       return true;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo parsedMessage = null;
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+      }
       try {
-        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        boolean done = false;
+        while (!done) {
+          int tag = input.readTag();
+          switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            int32_ = input.readInt32();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+            break;
+          } // case 8
+          case 16: {
+            int64_ = input.readInt64();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+            break;
+          } // case 16
+          case 24: {
+            uint32_ = input.readUInt32();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+            break;
+          } // case 24
+          case 32: {
+            uint64_ = input.readUInt64();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+            break;
+          } // case 32
+          case 40: {
+            sint32_ = input.readSInt32();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+            break;
+          } // case 40
+          case 48: {
+            sint64_ = input.readSInt64();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
+            break;
+          } // case 48
+          case 61: {
+            fixed32_ = input.readFixed32();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
+            break;
+          } // case 61
+          case 65: {
+            fixed64_ = input.readFixed64();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
+            break;
+          } // case 65
+          case 77: {
+            sfixed32_ = input.readSFixed32();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
+            break;
+          } // case 77
+          case 81: {
+            sfixed64_ = input.readSFixed64();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
+            break;
+          } // case 81
+          case 93: {
+            float_ = input.readFloat();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
+            break;
+          } // case 93
+          case 97: {
+            double_ = input.readDouble();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
+            break;
+          } // case 97
+          case 104: {
+            bool_ = input.readBool();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
+            break;
+          } // case 104
+          case 114: {
+            string_ = input.readBytes();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
+            break;
+          } // case 114
+          case 122: {
+            bytes_ = input.readBytes();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
+            break;
+          } // case 122
+          case 128: {
+            int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+            org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A
+                .forNumber(tmpRaw);
+            if (tmpValue == null) {
+              mergeUnknownVarintField(16, tmpRaw);
+            } else {
+              enum_ = tmpRaw;
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
+            }
+            break;
+          } // case 128
+          case 136: {
+            int v = input.readInt32();
+            ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
+            intArray_.addInt(v);
+            break;
+          } // case 136
+          case 138: {
+            int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+            int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
+            ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
+            while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+              intArray_.addInt(input.readInt32());
+            }
+            input.popLimit(limit);
+            break;
+          } // case 138
+          case 146: {
+            input.readMessage(getFooFieldBuilder().getBuilder(), extensionRegistry);
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+            break;
+          } // case 146
+          case 152: {
+            int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+            org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A
+                .forNumber(tmpRaw);
+            if (tmpValue == null) {
+              mergeUnknownVarintField(19, tmpRaw);
+            } else {
+              ensureSymsIsMutable();
+              syms_.add(tmpRaw);
+            }
+            break;
+          } // case 152
+          case 154: {
+            int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+            int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
+            while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+              int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+              org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A
+                  .forNumber(tmpRaw);
+              if (tmpValue == null) {
+                mergeUnknownVarintField(19, tmpRaw);
+              } else {
+                ensureSymsIsMutable();
+                syms_.add(tmpRaw);
+              }
+            }
+            input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+            break;
+          } // case 154
+          case 162: {
+            org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo m = input
+                .readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+            if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
+              ensureFooArrayIsMutable();
+              fooArray_.add(m);
+            } else {
+              fooArrayBuilder_.addMessage(m);
+            }
+            break;
+          } // case 162
+          case 170: {
+            input.readMessage(getTimestampFieldBuilder().getBuilder(), extensionRegistry);
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+            break;
+          } // case 170
+          default: {
+            if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true; // was an endgroup tag
+            }
+            break;
+          } // default:
+          } // switch (tag)
+        } // while (!done)
       } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-        parsedMessage = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
         throw e.unwrapIOException();
       } finally {
-        if (parsedMessage != null) {
-          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
-        }
-      }
+        onChanged();
+      } // finally
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -1610,9 +1698,12 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasInt32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1621,7 +1712,10 @@ public boolean hasInt32() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getInt32() {
       return int32_;
     }
@@ -1632,10 +1726,14 @@ public int getInt32() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The int32 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setInt32(int value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+
       int32_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
@@ -1646,6 +1744,8 @@ public Builder setInt32(int value) {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearInt32() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
@@ -1658,30 +1758,42 @@ public Builder clearInt32() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasInt64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getInt64() {
       return int64_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The int64 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setInt64(long value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+
       int64_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearInt64() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
@@ -1694,30 +1806,42 @@ public Builder clearInt64() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasUint32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getUint32() {
       return uint32_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The uint32 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setUint32(int value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+
       uint32_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearUint32() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
@@ -1730,30 +1854,42 @@ public Builder clearUint32() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasUint64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getUint64() {
       return uint64_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The uint64 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setUint64(long value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+
       uint64_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearUint64() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
@@ -1766,30 +1902,42 @@ public Builder clearUint64() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSint32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSint32() {
       return sint32_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The sint32 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setSint32(int value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+
       sint32_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearSint32() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
@@ -1802,30 +1950,42 @@ public Builder clearSint32() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSint64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getSint64() {
       return sint64_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The sint64 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setSint64(long value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
+
       sint64_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearSint64() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000020);
@@ -1838,30 +1998,42 @@ public Builder clearSint64() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFixed32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getFixed32() {
       return fixed32_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The fixed32 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setFixed32(int value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
+
       fixed32_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearFixed32() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000040);
@@ -1874,30 +2046,42 @@ public Builder clearFixed32() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFixed64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getFixed64() {
       return fixed64_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The fixed64 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setFixed64(long value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
+
       fixed64_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearFixed64() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000080);
@@ -1910,30 +2094,42 @@ public Builder clearFixed64() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSfixed32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSfixed32() {
       return sfixed32_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The sfixed32 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setSfixed32(int value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
+
       sfixed32_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearSfixed32() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000100);
@@ -1946,30 +2142,42 @@ public Builder clearSfixed32() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSfixed64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getSfixed64() {
       return sfixed64_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The sfixed64 to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setSfixed64(long value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
+
       sfixed64_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearSfixed64() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000200);
@@ -1982,30 +2190,42 @@ public Builder clearSfixed64() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the float field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFloat() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The float.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public float getFloat() {
       return float_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The float to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setFloat(float value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
+
       float_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearFloat() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000400);
@@ -2018,30 +2238,42 @@ public Builder clearFloat() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the double field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasDouble() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The double.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public double getDouble() {
       return double_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The double to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setDouble(double value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
+
       double_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearDouble() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000800);
@@ -2054,30 +2286,42 @@ public Builder clearDouble() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bool field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasBool() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bool.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean getBool() {
       return bool_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The bool to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setBool(boolean value) {
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
+
       bool_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearBool() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00001000);
@@ -2090,13 +2334,17 @@ public Builder clearBool() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the string field is set.
      */
     public boolean hasString() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The string.
      */
     public java.lang.String getString() {
       java.lang.Object ref = string_;
@@ -2114,6 +2362,8 @@ public java.lang.String getString() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes for string.
      */
     public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
       java.lang.Object ref = string_;
@@ -2128,36 +2378,44 @@ public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The string to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setString(java.lang.String value) {
       if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException();
       }
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
       string_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearString() {
-      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
       string_ = getDefaultInstance().getString();
+      bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The bytes for string to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setStringBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
       if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException();
       }
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
       string_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
@@ -2166,33 +2424,44 @@ public Builder setStringBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasBytes() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes() {
       return bytes_;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The bytes to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
       if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException();
       }
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
       bytes_ = value;
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearBytes() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00004000);
@@ -2205,21 +2474,30 @@ public Builder clearBytes() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the enum field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasEnum() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The enum.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getEnum() {
-      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.valueOf(enum_);
+      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.forNumber(enum_);
       return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A.Z : result;
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The enum to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setEnum(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value) {
       if (value == null) {
@@ -2233,6 +2511,8 @@ public Builder setEnum(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value) {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearEnum() {
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00008000);
@@ -2241,13 +2521,13 @@ public Builder clearEnum() {
       return this;
     }
 
-    private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+    private com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList intArray_ = emptyIntList();
 
     private void ensureIntArrayIsMutable() {
-      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-        intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>(intArray_);
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
+      if (!intArray_.isModifiable()) {
+        intArray_ = makeMutableCopy(intArray_);
       }
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2256,9 +2536,12 @@ private void ensureIntArrayIsMutable() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the intArray.
      */
     public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
-      return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
+      intArray_.makeImmutable();
+      return intArray_;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2267,6 +2550,8 @@ public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of intArray.
      */
     public int getIntArrayCount() {
       return intArray_.size();
@@ -2278,9 +2563,12 @@ public int getIntArrayCount() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The intArray at the given index.
      */
     public int getIntArray(int index) {
-      return intArray_.get(index);
+      return intArray_.getInt(index);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2289,10 +2577,16 @@ public int getIntArray(int index) {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index to set the value at.
+     * @param value The intArray to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setIntArray(int index, int value) {
+
       ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
-      intArray_.set(index, value);
+      intArray_.setInt(index, value);
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
@@ -2303,10 +2597,15 @@ public Builder setIntArray(int index, int value) {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The intArray to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder addIntArray(int value) {
+
       ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
-      intArray_.add(value);
+      intArray_.addInt(value);
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
@@ -2317,10 +2616,14 @@ public Builder addIntArray(int value) {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param values The intArray to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder addAllIntArray(java.lang.Iterable<? extends java.lang.Integer> values) {
       ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
       com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(values, intArray_);
+      bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
@@ -2331,9 +2634,11 @@ public Builder addAllIntArray(java.lang.Iterable<? extends java.lang.Integer> va
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearIntArray() {
-      intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+      intArray_ = emptyIntList();
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
       onChanged();
       return this;
@@ -2342,13 +2647,13 @@ public Builder clearIntArray() {
     private java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo> fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
 
     private void ensureFooArrayIsMutable() {
-      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
         fooArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo>(fooArray_);
         bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
       }
     }
 
-    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> fooArrayBuilder_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> fooArrayBuilder_;
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
@@ -2569,10 +2874,10 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder> getFoo
       return getFooArrayFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
     }
 
-    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayFieldBuilder() {
+    private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayFieldBuilder() {
       if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
-        fooArrayBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder>(
-            fooArray_, ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
+        fooArrayBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder>(
+            fooArray_, ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
         fooArray_ = null;
       }
       return fooArrayBuilder_;
@@ -2581,7 +2886,7 @@ private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.mult
     private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
 
     private void ensureSymsIsMutable() {
-      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
+      if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) != 0)) {
         syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>(syms_);
         bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
       }
@@ -2589,6 +2894,8 @@ private void ensureSymsIsMutable() {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the syms.
      */
     public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> getSymsList() {
       return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A>(
@@ -2597,6 +2904,8 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> getSymsList() {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of syms.
      */
     public int getSymsCount() {
       return syms_.size();
@@ -2604,6 +2913,9 @@ public int getSymsCount() {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The syms at the given index.
      */
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getSyms(int index) {
       return syms_converter_.convert(syms_.get(index));
@@ -2611,6 +2923,10 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getSyms(int index) {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index to set the value at.
+     * @param value The syms to set.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder setSyms(int index, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value) {
       if (value == null) {
@@ -2624,6 +2940,9 @@ public Builder setSyms(int index, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param value The syms to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder addSyms(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value) {
       if (value == null) {
@@ -2637,6 +2956,9 @@ public Builder addSyms(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A value) {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param values The syms to add.
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder addAllSyms(java.lang.Iterable<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> values) {
       ensureSymsIsMutable();
@@ -2649,6 +2971,8 @@ public Builder addAllSyms(java.lang.Iterable<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return This builder for chaining.
      */
     public Builder clearSyms() {
       syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
@@ -2657,8 +2981,8 @@ public Builder clearSyms() {
       return this;
     }
 
-    private org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo_ = null;
-    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> fooBuilder_;
+    private org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> fooBuilder_;
 
     /**
      * <pre>
@@ -2666,9 +2990,11 @@ public Builder clearSyms() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the foo field is set.
      */
     public boolean hasFoo() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2677,6 +3003,8 @@ public boolean hasFoo() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The foo.
      */
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFoo() {
       if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
@@ -2699,11 +3027,11 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo value) {
           throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         foo_ = value;
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         fooBuilder_.setMessage(value);
       }
       bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2717,11 +3045,11 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo value) {
     public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder builderForValue) {
       if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
         foo_ = builderForValue.build();
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         fooBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
       }
       bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2734,17 +3062,19 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder builder
      */
     public Builder mergeFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo value) {
       if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000) && foo_ != null
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0) && foo_ != null
             && foo_ != org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.getDefaultInstance()) {
-          foo_ = org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.newBuilder(foo_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+          getFooBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
         } else {
           foo_ = value;
         }
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         fooBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
       }
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+      if (foo_ != null) {
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+        onChanged();
+      }
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2756,13 +3086,13 @@ public Builder mergeFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo value) {
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
      */
     public Builder clearFoo() {
-      if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-        foo_ = null;
-        onChanged();
-      } else {
-        fooBuilder_.clear();
-      }
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00080000);
+      foo_ = null;
+      if (fooBuilder_ != null) {
+        fooBuilder_.dispose();
+        fooBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2801,17 +3131,17 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
      */
-    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> getFooFieldBuilder() {
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder> getFooFieldBuilder() {
       if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-        fooBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder>(
+        fooBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.FooOrBuilder>(
             getFoo(), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
         foo_ = null;
       }
       return fooBuilder_;
     }
 
-    private com.google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_ = null;
-    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> timestampBuilder_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> timestampBuilder_;
 
     /**
      * <pre>
@@ -2819,9 +3149,11 @@ private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multip
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
      */
     public boolean hasTimestamp() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2830,6 +3162,8 @@ public boolean hasTimestamp() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The timestamp.
      */
     public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
       if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
@@ -2852,11 +3186,11 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
           throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         timestamp_ = value;
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         timestampBuilder_.setMessage(value);
       }
       bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2870,11 +3204,11 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
     public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder builderForValue) {
       if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
         timestamp_ = builderForValue.build();
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         timestampBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
       }
       bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2887,17 +3221,19 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder builderForValu
      */
     public Builder mergeTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
       if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000) && timestamp_ != null
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0) && timestamp_ != null
             && timestamp_ != com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance()) {
-          timestamp_ = com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.newBuilder(timestamp_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+          getTimestampBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
         } else {
           timestamp_ = value;
         }
-        onChanged();
       } else {
         timestampBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
       }
-      bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+      if (timestamp_ != null) {
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+        onChanged();
+      }
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2909,13 +3245,13 @@ public Builder mergeTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
      */
     public Builder clearTimestamp() {
-      if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-        timestamp_ = null;
-        onChanged();
-      } else {
-        timestampBuilder_.clear();
-      }
       bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00100000);
+      timestamp_ = null;
+      if (timestampBuilder_ != null) {
+        timestampBuilder_.dispose();
+        timestampBuilder_ = null;
+      }
+      onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -2954,23 +3290,15 @@ public com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder getTimestampOrBuilder() {
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
      */
-    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> getTimestampFieldBuilder() {
+    private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> getTimestampFieldBuilder() {
       if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-        timestampBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder>(
+        timestampBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder>(
             getTimestamp(), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
         timestamp_ = null;
       }
       return timestampBuilder_;
     }
 
-    public final Builder setUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-    }
-
-    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-    }
-
     // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo)
   }
 
@@ -2984,12 +3312,22 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getDefaultInstance() {
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
   }
 
-  @java.lang.Deprecated
-  public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Foo>() {
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Foo>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Foo parsePartialFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
         throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-      return new Foo(input, extensionRegistry);
+      Builder builder = newBuilder();
+      try {
+        builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
+        throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      }
+      return builder.buildPartial();
     }
   };
 
@@ -3002,6 +3340,7 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> getParserForType() {
     return PARSER;
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getDefaultInstanceForType() {
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/FooOrBuilder.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/FooOrBuilder.java
index 66c86920371..a3858d1a388 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/FooOrBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/FooOrBuilder.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
 
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
 public interface FooOrBuilder extends
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasInt32();
 
@@ -22,161 +25,225 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The int32.
    */
   int getInt32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasInt64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The int64.
    */
   long getInt64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasUint32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The uint32.
    */
   int getUint32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasUint64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The uint64.
    */
   long getUint64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasSint32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sint32.
    */
   int getSint32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasSint64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sint64.
    */
   long getSint64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasFixed32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The fixed32.
    */
   int getFixed32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasFixed64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The fixed64.
    */
   long getFixed64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasSfixed32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sfixed32.
    */
   int getSfixed32();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
    */
   boolean hasSfixed64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The sfixed64.
    */
   long getSfixed64();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the float field is set.
    */
   boolean hasFloat();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The float.
    */
   float getFloat();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the double field is set.
    */
   boolean hasDouble();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The double.
    */
   double getDouble();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the bool field is set.
    */
   boolean hasBool();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bool.
    */
   boolean getBool();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the string field is set.
    */
   boolean hasString();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The string.
    */
   java.lang.String getString();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bytes for string.
    */
   com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
    */
   boolean hasBytes();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The bytes.
    */
   com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the enum field is set.
    */
   boolean hasEnum();
 
   /**
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The enum.
    */
   org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getEnum();
 
@@ -186,6 +253,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return A list containing the intArray.
    */
   java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList();
 
@@ -195,6 +264,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The count of intArray.
    */
   int getIntArrayCount();
 
@@ -204,6 +275,9 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+   * 
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The intArray at the given index.
    */
   int getIntArray(int index);
 
@@ -234,16 +308,23 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return A list containing the syms.
    */
   java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A> getSymsList();
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The count of syms.
    */
   int getSymsCount();
 
   /**
    * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A syms = 19;</code>
+   * 
+   * @param index The index of the element to return.
+   * @return The syms at the given index.
    */
   org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.A getSyms(int index);
 
@@ -253,6 +334,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the foo field is set.
    */
   boolean hasFoo();
 
@@ -262,6 +345,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The foo.
    */
   org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.Foo getFoo();
 
@@ -280,6 +365,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
    */
   boolean hasTimestamp();
 
@@ -289,6 +376,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
    * </pre>
    *
    * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+   * 
+   * @return The timestamp.
    */
   com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp();
 
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/M.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/M.java
index 4f2ae42f053..89bdaa363da 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/M.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/M.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
 
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
 /**
@@ -10,62 +11,30 @@
  *
  * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M}
  */
-public final class M extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+public final class M extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements
     // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M)
     MOrBuilder {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+  static {
+    com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+        /* suffix= */ "", M.class.getName());
+  }
 
   // Use M.newBuilder() to construct.
-  private M(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+  private M(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
     super(builder);
   }
 
   private M() {
   }
 
-  @java.lang.Override
-  public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
-    return this.unknownFields;
-  }
-
-  private M(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input, com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-    this();
-    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
-      throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
-    }
-    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
-    try {
-      boolean done = false;
-      while (!done) {
-        int tag = input.readTag();
-        switch (tag) {
-        case 0:
-          done = true;
-          break;
-        default: {
-          if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
-            done = true;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        }
-      }
-    } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
-      throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-    } finally {
-      this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
-      makeExtensionsImmutable();
-    }
-  }
-
   public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
     return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor;
   }
 
-  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+  @java.lang.Override
+  protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
     return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable
         .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.class,
             org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.Builder.class);
@@ -80,6 +49,11 @@ public enum N implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
      */
     A(1),;
 
+    static {
+      com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+          com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+          /* suffix= */ "", N.class.getName());
+    }
     /**
      * <code>A = 1;</code>
      */
@@ -90,6 +64,8 @@ public final int getNumber() {
     }
 
     /**
+     * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+     * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
      */
     @java.lang.Deprecated
@@ -97,6 +73,10 @@ public static N valueOf(int value) {
       return forNumber(value);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+     * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
+     */
     public static N forNumber(int value) {
       switch (value) {
       case 1:
@@ -148,6 +128,7 @@ private N(int value) {
 
   private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public final boolean isInitialized() {
     byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
     if (isInitialized == 1)
@@ -159,17 +140,19 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
     return true;
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io.IOException {
-    unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+    getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public int getSerializedSize() {
     int size = memoizedSize;
     if (size != -1)
       return size;
 
     size = 0;
-    size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
     memoizedSize = size;
     return size;
   }
@@ -184,9 +167,9 @@ public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
     }
     org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M other = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M) obj;
 
-    boolean result = true;
-    result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);
-    return result;
+    if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields()))
+      return false;
+    return true;
   }
 
   @java.lang.Override
@@ -196,7 +179,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
     int hash = 41;
     hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
-    hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+    hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
     memoizedHashCode = hash;
     return hash;
   }
@@ -236,34 +219,35 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseFrom(byte[] data,
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
       throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
   }
 
   public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
       com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+    return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public Builder newBuilderForType() {
     return newBuilder();
   }
@@ -276,12 +260,13 @@ public static Builder newBuilder(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M protot
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public Builder toBuilder() {
     return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
   }
 
   @java.lang.Override
-  protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+  protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
     Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
     return builder;
   }
@@ -293,14 +278,15 @@ protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Build
    *
    * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M}
    */
-  public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+  public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M)
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.MOrBuilder {
     public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor;
     }
 
-    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable
           .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.class,
               org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.Builder.class);
@@ -308,32 +294,31 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
 
     // Construct using org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.newBuilder()
     private Builder() {
-      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+
     }
 
-    private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
       super(parent);
-      maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
-    }
 
-    private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
-      if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
-      }
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder clear() {
       super.clear();
       return this;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.TestMultipleFiles.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M getDefaultInstanceForType() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.getDefaultInstance();
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M build() {
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M result = buildPartial();
       if (!result.isInitialized()) {
@@ -342,37 +327,14 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M build() {
       return result;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M buildPartial() {
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M result = new org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M(this);
       onBuilt();
       return result;
     }
 
-    public Builder clone() {
-      return (Builder) super.clone();
-    }
-
-    public Builder setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.setField(field, value);
-    }
-
-    public Builder clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
-      return (Builder) super.clearField(field);
-    }
-
-    public Builder clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
-      return (Builder) super.clearOneof(oneof);
-    }
-
-    public Builder setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index,
-        java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
-    }
-
-    public Builder addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-      return (Builder) super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
-    }
-
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
       if (other instanceof org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M) {
         return mergeFrom((org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M) other);
@@ -385,39 +347,46 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
     public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M other) {
       if (other == org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M.getDefaultInstance())
         return this;
-      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+      this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
       onChanged();
       return this;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
       return true;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M parsedMessage = null;
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+      }
       try {
-        parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        boolean done = false;
+        while (!done) {
+          int tag = input.readTag();
+          switch (tag) {
+          case 0:
+            done = true;
+            break;
+          default: {
+            if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+              done = true; // was an endgroup tag
+            }
+            break;
+          } // default:
+          } // switch (tag)
+        } // while (!done)
       } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-        parsedMessage = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
         throw e.unwrapIOException();
       } finally {
-        if (parsedMessage != null) {
-          mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
-        }
-      }
+        onChanged();
+      } // finally
       return this;
     }
 
-    public final Builder setUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-      return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-    }
-
-    public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-      return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-    }
-
     // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M)
   }
 
@@ -431,12 +400,22 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M getDefaultInstance() {
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
   }
 
-  @java.lang.Deprecated
-  public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<M>() {
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<M>() {
+    @java.lang.Override
     public M parsePartialFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
         throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-      return new M(input, extensionRegistry);
+      Builder builder = newBuilder();
+      try {
+        builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
+        throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      }
+      return builder.buildPartial();
     }
   };
 
@@ -449,6 +428,7 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> getParserForType() {
     return PARSER;
   }
 
+  @java.lang.Override
   public org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles.M getDefaultInstanceForType() {
     return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/MOrBuilder.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/MOrBuilder.java
index 9694ec20dfb..d98ffa9f4ba 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/MOrBuilder.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/MOrBuilder.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
 
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
 public interface MOrBuilder extends
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/TestMultipleFiles.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/TestMultipleFiles.java
index 879d34f4f2a..c783860c7c7 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/TestMultipleFiles.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/multiplefiles/TestMultipleFiles.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test_multiple_files.proto
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.multiplefiles;
 
@@ -7,6 +8,12 @@ public final class TestMultipleFiles {
   private TestMultipleFiles() {
   }
 
+  static {
+    com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+        /* suffix= */ "", TestMultipleFiles.class.getName());
+  }
+
   public static void registerAllExtensions(com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
   }
 
@@ -15,9 +22,9 @@ public static void registerAllExtensions(com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry r
   }
 
   static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor;
-  static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable;
   static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor;
-  static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable;
+  static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable;
 
   public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor getDescriptor() {
     return descriptor;
@@ -41,25 +48,18 @@ public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor getDescriptor() {
         + "obuf.multiplefiles.Foo\022-\n\ttimestamp\030\025 \001("
         + "\0132\032.google.protobuf.Timestamp\"\017\n\001M\"\n\n\001N\022"
         + "\005\n\001A\020\001*\030\n\001A\022\005\n\001X\020\001\022\005\n\001Y\020\002\022\005\n\001Z\020\003B\002P\001" };
-    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner assigner = new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner() {
-      public com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry assignDescriptors(
-          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor root) {
-        descriptor = root;
-        return null;
-      }
-    };
-    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
-        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] { com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor(), },
-        assigner);
+    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] { com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor(), });
     internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor = getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
-    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_Foo_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "Int32", "Int64", "Uint32", "Uint64", "Sint32", "Sint64", "Fixed32", "Fixed64",
             "Sfixed32", "Sfixed64", "Float", "Double", "Bool", "String", "Bytes", "Enum", "IntArray", "FooArray",
             "Syms", "Foo", "Timestamp", });
     internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor = getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
-    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_multiplefiles_M_descriptor, new java.lang.String[] {});
+    descriptor.resolveAllFeaturesImmutable();
     com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor();
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/noopt/Test.java b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/noopt/Test.java
index 8255719d88e..a90594355cd 100644
--- a/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/noopt/Test.java
+++ b/lang/java/protobuf/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/protobuf/noopt/Test.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 // source: src/test/protobuf/test.proto
+// Protobuf Java Version: 4.26.1
 
 package org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt;
 
@@ -7,6 +8,12 @@ public final class Test {
   private Test() {
   }
 
+  static {
+    com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+        /* suffix= */ "", Test.class.getName());
+  }
+
   public static void registerAllExtensions(com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
   }
 
@@ -35,6 +42,11 @@ public enum A implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
      */
     Z(3),;
 
+    static {
+      com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+          com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+          /* suffix= */ "", A.class.getName());
+    }
     /**
      * <code>X = 1;</code>
      */
@@ -53,6 +65,8 @@ public final int getNumber() {
     }
 
     /**
+     * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+     * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
      * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
      */
     @java.lang.Deprecated
@@ -60,6 +74,10 @@ public static A valueOf(int value) {
       return forNumber(value);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+     * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
+     */
     public static A forNumber(int value) {
       switch (value) {
       case 1:
@@ -123,6 +141,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasInt32();
 
@@ -132,161 +152,225 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int32.
      */
     int getInt32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasInt64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int64.
      */
     long getInt64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasUint32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint32.
      */
     int getUint32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasUint64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint64.
      */
     long getUint64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasSint32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint32.
      */
     int getSint32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasSint64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint64.
      */
     long getSint64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasFixed32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed32.
      */
     int getFixed32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasFixed64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed64.
      */
     long getFixed64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasSfixed32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed32.
      */
     int getSfixed32();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
      */
     boolean hasSfixed64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed64.
      */
     long getSfixed64();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the float field is set.
      */
     boolean hasFloat();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The float.
      */
     float getFloat();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the double field is set.
      */
     boolean hasDouble();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The double.
      */
     double getDouble();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bool field is set.
      */
     boolean hasBool();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bool.
      */
     boolean getBool();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the string field is set.
      */
     boolean hasString();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The string.
      */
     java.lang.String getString();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes for string.
      */
     com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
      */
     boolean hasBytes();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes.
      */
     com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the enum field is set.
      */
     boolean hasEnum();
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The enum.
      */
     org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getEnum();
 
@@ -296,6 +380,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the intArray.
      */
     java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList();
 
@@ -305,6 +391,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of intArray.
      */
     int getIntArrayCount();
 
@@ -314,6 +402,9 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The intArray at the given index.
      */
     int getIntArray(int index);
 
@@ -344,16 +435,23 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the syms.
      */
     java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> getSymsList();
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of syms.
      */
     int getSymsCount();
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The syms at the given index.
      */
     org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getSyms(int index);
 
@@ -363,6 +461,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the foo field is set.
      */
     boolean hasFoo();
 
@@ -372,6 +472,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The foo.
      */
     org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFoo();
 
@@ -390,6 +492,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
      */
     boolean hasTimestamp();
 
@@ -399,6 +503,8 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The timestamp.
      */
     com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp();
 
@@ -415,266 +521,36 @@ public interface FooOrBuilder extends
   /**
    * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo}
    */
-  public static final class Foo extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+  public static final class Foo extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo)
       FooOrBuilder {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+    static {
+      com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+          com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+          /* suffix= */ "", Foo.class.getName());
+    }
 
     // Use Foo.newBuilder() to construct.
-    private Foo(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    private Foo(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
       super(builder);
     }
 
     private Foo() {
-      int32_ = 0;
-      int64_ = 0L;
-      uint32_ = 0;
-      uint64_ = 0L;
-      sint32_ = 0;
-      sint64_ = 0L;
-      fixed32_ = 0;
-      fixed64_ = 0L;
-      sfixed32_ = 0;
-      sfixed64_ = 0L;
-      float_ = 0F;
-      double_ = 0D;
-      bool_ = false;
       string_ = "";
       bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
       enum_ = 3;
-      intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+      intArray_ = emptyIntList();
       fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
       syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
     }
 
-    @java.lang.Override
-    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
-      return this.unknownFields;
-    }
-
-    private Foo(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input, com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-      this();
-      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
-        throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
-      }
-      int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
-      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
-      try {
-        boolean done = false;
-        while (!done) {
-          int tag = input.readTag();
-          switch (tag) {
-          case 0:
-            done = true;
-            break;
-          default: {
-            if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
-              done = true;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case 8: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
-            int32_ = input.readInt32();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 16: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
-            int64_ = input.readInt64();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 24: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
-            uint32_ = input.readUInt32();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 32: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
-            uint64_ = input.readUInt64();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 40: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
-            sint32_ = input.readSInt32();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 48: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
-            sint64_ = input.readSInt64();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 61: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
-            fixed32_ = input.readFixed32();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 65: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
-            fixed64_ = input.readFixed64();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 77: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
-            sfixed32_ = input.readSFixed32();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 81: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
-            sfixed64_ = input.readSFixed64();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 93: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
-            float_ = input.readFloat();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 97: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
-            double_ = input.readDouble();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 104: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
-            bool_ = input.readBool();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 114: {
-            com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
-            string_ = bs;
-            break;
-          }
-          case 122: {
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
-            bytes_ = input.readBytes();
-            break;
-          }
-          case 128: {
-            int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-            org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-            if (value == null) {
-              unknownFields.mergeVarintField(16, rawValue);
-            } else {
-              bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
-              enum_ = rawValue;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case 136: {
-            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-              intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-            }
-            intArray_.add(input.readInt32());
-            break;
-          }
-          case 138: {
-            int length = input.readRawVarint32();
-            int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
-            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000) && input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-              intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-            }
-            while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-              intArray_.add(input.readInt32());
-            }
-            input.popLimit(limit);
-            break;
-          }
-          case 146: {
-            org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder subBuilder = null;
-            if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-              subBuilder = foo_.toBuilder();
-            }
-            foo_ = input.readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.PARSER, extensionRegistry);
-            if (subBuilder != null) {
-              subBuilder.mergeFrom(foo_);
-              foo_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
-            }
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
-            break;
-          }
-          case 152: {
-            int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-            org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-            if (value == null) {
-              unknownFields.mergeVarintField(19, rawValue);
-            } else {
-              if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-                syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-                mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
-              }
-              syms_.add(rawValue);
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          case 154: {
-            int length = input.readRawVarint32();
-            int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
-            while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
-              int rawValue = input.readEnum();
-              org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(rawValue);
-              if (value == null) {
-                unknownFields.mergeVarintField(19, rawValue);
-              } else {
-                if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-                  syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();
-                  mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
-                }
-                syms_.add(rawValue);
-              }
-            }
-            input.popLimit(oldLimit);
-            break;
-          }
-          case 162: {
-            if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-              fooArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo>();
-              mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
-            }
-            fooArray_.add(input.readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.PARSER, extensionRegistry));
-            break;
-          }
-          case 170: {
-            com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder subBuilder = null;
-            if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-              subBuilder = timestamp_.toBuilder();
-            }
-            timestamp_ = input.readMessage(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.parser(), extensionRegistry);
-            if (subBuilder != null) {
-              subBuilder.mergeFrom(timestamp_);
-              timestamp_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();
-            }
-            bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
-            break;
-          }
-          }
-        }
-      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
-        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-      } finally {
-        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-          intArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
-        }
-        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-          syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
-        }
-        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-          fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
-        }
-        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
-        makeExtensionsImmutable();
-      }
-    }
-
     public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor;
     }
 
-    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable
           .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.class,
               org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder.class);
@@ -682,7 +558,7 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
 
     private int bitField0_;
     public static final int INT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
-    private int int32_;
+    private int int32_ = 0;
 
     /**
      * <pre>
@@ -690,9 +566,12 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasInt32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -701,228 +580,310 @@ public boolean hasInt32() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getInt32() {
       return int32_;
     }
 
     public static final int INT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
-    private long int64_;
+    private long int64_ = 0L;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasInt64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The int64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getInt64() {
       return int64_;
     }
 
     public static final int UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
-    private int uint32_;
+    private int uint32_ = 0;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasUint32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getUint32() {
       return uint32_;
     }
 
     public static final int UINT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
-    private long uint64_;
+    private long uint64_ = 0L;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasUint64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The uint64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getUint64() {
       return uint64_;
     }
 
     public static final int SINT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 5;
-    private int sint32_;
+    private int sint32_ = 0;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSint32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSint32() {
       return sint32_;
     }
 
     public static final int SINT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 6;
-    private long sint64_;
+    private long sint64_ = 0L;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSint64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sint64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getSint64() {
       return sint64_;
     }
 
     public static final int FIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER = 7;
-    private int fixed32_;
+    private int fixed32_ = 0;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFixed32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getFixed32() {
       return fixed32_;
     }
 
     public static final int FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER = 8;
-    private long fixed64_;
+    private long fixed64_ = 0L;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFixed64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The fixed64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getFixed64() {
       return fixed64_;
     }
 
     public static final int SFIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER = 9;
-    private int sfixed32_;
+    private int sfixed32_ = 0;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSfixed32() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed32.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSfixed32() {
       return sfixed32_;
     }
 
     public static final int SFIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER = 10;
-    private long sfixed64_;
+    private long sfixed64_ = 0L;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasSfixed64() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The sfixed64.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public long getSfixed64() {
       return sfixed64_;
     }
 
     public static final int FLOAT_FIELD_NUMBER = 11;
-    private float float_;
+    private float float_ = 0F;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the float field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFloat() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The float.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public float getFloat() {
       return float_;
     }
 
     public static final int DOUBLE_FIELD_NUMBER = 12;
-    private double double_;
+    private double double_ = 0D;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the double field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasDouble() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The double.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public double getDouble() {
       return double_;
     }
 
     public static final int BOOL_FIELD_NUMBER = 13;
-    private boolean bool_;
+    private boolean bool_ = false;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bool field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasBool() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bool.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean getBool() {
       return bool_;
     }
 
     public static final int STRING_FIELD_NUMBER = 14;
-    private volatile java.lang.Object string_;
+    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+    private volatile java.lang.Object string_ = "";
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the string field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasString() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The string.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public java.lang.String getString() {
       java.lang.Object ref = string_;
       if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
@@ -939,7 +900,10 @@ public java.lang.String getString() {
 
     /**
      * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes for string.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
       java.lang.Object ref = string_;
       if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
@@ -952,42 +916,55 @@ public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
     }
 
     public static final int BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER = 15;
-    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasBytes() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The bytes.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes() {
       return bytes_;
     }
 
     public static final int ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER = 16;
-    private int enum_;
+    private int enum_ = 3;
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the enum field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasEnum() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The enum.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getEnum() {
-      org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(enum_);
+      org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.forNumber(enum_);
       return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.Z : result;
     }
 
     public static final int INTARRAY_FIELD_NUMBER = 17;
-    private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> intArray_;
+    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+    private com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList intArray_ = emptyIntList();
 
     /**
      * <pre>
@@ -995,7 +972,10 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getEnum() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the intArray.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
       return intArray_;
     }
@@ -1006,6 +986,8 @@ public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of intArray.
      */
     public int getIntArrayCount() {
       return intArray_.size();
@@ -1017,17 +999,22 @@ public int getIntArrayCount() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The intArray at the given index.
      */
     public int getIntArray(int index) {
-      return intArray_.get(index);
+      return intArray_.getInt(index);
     }
 
     public static final int FOOARRAY_FIELD_NUMBER = 20;
+    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
     private java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo> fooArray_;
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo> getFooArrayList() {
       return fooArray_;
     }
@@ -1035,6 +1022,7 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo> getFooArrayList()
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public java.util.List<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayOrBuilderList() {
       return fooArray_;
     }
@@ -1042,6 +1030,7 @@ public java.util.List<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getFooArrayCount() {
       return fooArray_.size();
     }
@@ -1049,6 +1038,7 @@ public int getFooArrayCount() {
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFooArray(int index) {
       return fooArray_.get(index);
     }
@@ -1056,22 +1046,27 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFooArray(int index) {
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder getFooArrayOrBuilder(int index) {
       return fooArray_.get(index);
     }
 
     public static final int SYMS_FIELD_NUMBER = 19;
+    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
     private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> syms_;
     private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> syms_converter_ = new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A>() {
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A convert(java.lang.Integer from) {
-        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(from);
+        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.forNumber(from);
         return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.X : result;
       }
     };
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return A list containing the syms.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> getSymsList() {
       return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A>(
           syms_, syms_converter_);
@@ -1079,14 +1074,21 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> getSymsList() {
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The count of syms.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSymsCount() {
       return syms_.size();
     }
 
     /**
      * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+     * 
+     * @param index The index of the element to return.
+     * @return The syms at the given index.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getSyms(int index) {
       return syms_converter_.convert(syms_.get(index));
     }
@@ -1100,9 +1102,12 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getSyms(int index) {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the foo field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasFoo() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1111,7 +1116,10 @@ public boolean hasFoo() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The foo.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFoo() {
       return foo_ == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.getDefaultInstance() : foo_;
     }
@@ -1123,6 +1131,7 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFoo() {
      *
      * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
       return foo_ == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.getDefaultInstance() : foo_;
     }
@@ -1136,9 +1145,12 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public boolean hasTimestamp() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1147,7 +1159,10 @@ public boolean hasTimestamp() {
      * </pre>
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+     * 
+     * @return The timestamp.
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
       return timestamp_ == null ? com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance() : timestamp_;
     }
@@ -1159,12 +1174,14 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
      *
      * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
      */
+    @java.lang.Override
     public com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder getTimestampOrBuilder() {
       return timestamp_ == null ? com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance() : timestamp_;
     }
 
     private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
       byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
       if (isInitialized == 1)
@@ -1192,59 +1209,60 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
       return true;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io.IOException {
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
         output.writeInt32(1, int32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
         output.writeInt64(2, int64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
         output.writeUInt32(3, uint32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
         output.writeUInt64(4, uint64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
         output.writeSInt32(5, sint32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
         output.writeSInt64(6, sint64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
         output.writeFixed32(7, fixed32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
         output.writeFixed64(8, fixed64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
         output.writeSFixed32(9, sfixed32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
         output.writeSFixed64(10, sfixed64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
         output.writeFloat(11, float_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
         output.writeDouble(12, double_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
         output.writeBool(13, bool_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
-        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 14, string_);
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.writeString(output, 14, string_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
         output.writeBytes(15, bytes_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
         output.writeEnum(16, enum_);
       }
       for (int i = 0; i < intArray_.size(); i++) {
-        output.writeInt32(17, intArray_.get(i));
+        output.writeInt32(17, intArray_.getInt(i));
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
         output.writeMessage(18, getFoo());
       }
       for (int i = 0; i < syms_.size(); i++) {
@@ -1253,75 +1271,76 @@ public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io
       for (int i = 0; i < fooArray_.size(); i++) {
         output.writeMessage(20, fooArray_.get(i));
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
         output.writeMessage(21, getTimestamp());
       }
-      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+      getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSerializedSize() {
       int size = memoizedSize;
       if (size != -1)
         return size;
 
       size = 0;
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(1, int32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(2, int64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(3, uint32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(4, uint64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(5, sint32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(6, sint64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(7, fixed32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(8, fixed64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(9, sfixed32_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(10, sfixed64_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(11, float_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(12, double_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(13, bool_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
-        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(14, string_);
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.computeStringSize(14, string_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(15, bytes_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(16, enum_);
       }
       {
         int dataSize = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < intArray_.size(); i++) {
-          dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(intArray_.get(i));
+          dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(intArray_.getInt(i));
         }
         size += dataSize;
         size += 2 * getIntArrayList().size();
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(18, getFoo());
       }
       {
@@ -1335,10 +1354,10 @@ public int getSerializedSize() {
       for (int i = 0; i < fooArray_.size(); i++) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(20, fooArray_.get(i));
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(21, getTimestamp());
       }
-      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+      size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
       memoizedSize = size;
       return size;
     }
@@ -1353,86 +1372,123 @@ public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
       }
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo other = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo) obj;
 
-      boolean result = true;
-      result = result && (hasInt32() == other.hasInt32());
+      if (hasInt32() != other.hasInt32())
+        return false;
       if (hasInt32()) {
-        result = result && (getInt32() == other.getInt32());
+        if (getInt32() != other.getInt32())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasInt64() == other.hasInt64());
+      if (hasInt64() != other.hasInt64())
+        return false;
       if (hasInt64()) {
-        result = result && (getInt64() == other.getInt64());
+        if (getInt64() != other.getInt64())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasUint32() == other.hasUint32());
+      if (hasUint32() != other.hasUint32())
+        return false;
       if (hasUint32()) {
-        result = result && (getUint32() == other.getUint32());
+        if (getUint32() != other.getUint32())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasUint64() == other.hasUint64());
+      if (hasUint64() != other.hasUint64())
+        return false;
       if (hasUint64()) {
-        result = result && (getUint64() == other.getUint64());
+        if (getUint64() != other.getUint64())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasSint32() == other.hasSint32());
+      if (hasSint32() != other.hasSint32())
+        return false;
       if (hasSint32()) {
-        result = result && (getSint32() == other.getSint32());
+        if (getSint32() != other.getSint32())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasSint64() == other.hasSint64());
+      if (hasSint64() != other.hasSint64())
+        return false;
       if (hasSint64()) {
-        result = result && (getSint64() == other.getSint64());
+        if (getSint64() != other.getSint64())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasFixed32() == other.hasFixed32());
+      if (hasFixed32() != other.hasFixed32())
+        return false;
       if (hasFixed32()) {
-        result = result && (getFixed32() == other.getFixed32());
+        if (getFixed32() != other.getFixed32())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasFixed64() == other.hasFixed64());
+      if (hasFixed64() != other.hasFixed64())
+        return false;
       if (hasFixed64()) {
-        result = result && (getFixed64() == other.getFixed64());
+        if (getFixed64() != other.getFixed64())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasSfixed32() == other.hasSfixed32());
+      if (hasSfixed32() != other.hasSfixed32())
+        return false;
       if (hasSfixed32()) {
-        result = result && (getSfixed32() == other.getSfixed32());
+        if (getSfixed32() != other.getSfixed32())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasSfixed64() == other.hasSfixed64());
+      if (hasSfixed64() != other.hasSfixed64())
+        return false;
       if (hasSfixed64()) {
-        result = result && (getSfixed64() == other.getSfixed64());
+        if (getSfixed64() != other.getSfixed64())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasFloat() == other.hasFloat());
+      if (hasFloat() != other.hasFloat())
+        return false;
       if (hasFloat()) {
-        result = result
-            && (java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(getFloat()) == java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(other.getFloat()));
+        if (java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(getFloat()) != java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(other.getFloat()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasDouble() == other.hasDouble());
+      if (hasDouble() != other.hasDouble())
+        return false;
       if (hasDouble()) {
-        result = result
-            && (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getDouble()) == java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(other.getDouble()));
+        if (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(getDouble()) != java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(other.getDouble()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasBool() == other.hasBool());
+      if (hasBool() != other.hasBool())
+        return false;
       if (hasBool()) {
-        result = result && (getBool() == other.getBool());
+        if (getBool() != other.getBool())
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasString() == other.hasString());
+      if (hasString() != other.hasString())
+        return false;
       if (hasString()) {
-        result = result && getString().equals(other.getString());
+        if (!getString().equals(other.getString()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasBytes() == other.hasBytes());
+      if (hasBytes() != other.hasBytes())
+        return false;
       if (hasBytes()) {
-        result = result && getBytes().equals(other.getBytes());
+        if (!getBytes().equals(other.getBytes()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasEnum() == other.hasEnum());
+      if (hasEnum() != other.hasEnum())
+        return false;
       if (hasEnum()) {
-        result = result && enum_ == other.enum_;
+        if (enum_ != other.enum_)
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && getIntArrayList().equals(other.getIntArrayList());
-      result = result && getFooArrayList().equals(other.getFooArrayList());
-      result = result && syms_.equals(other.syms_);
-      result = result && (hasFoo() == other.hasFoo());
+      if (!getIntArrayList().equals(other.getIntArrayList()))
+        return false;
+      if (!getFooArrayList().equals(other.getFooArrayList()))
+        return false;
+      if (!syms_.equals(other.syms_))
+        return false;
+      if (hasFoo() != other.hasFoo())
+        return false;
       if (hasFoo()) {
-        result = result && getFoo().equals(other.getFoo());
+        if (!getFoo().equals(other.getFoo()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && (hasTimestamp() == other.hasTimestamp());
+      if (hasTimestamp() != other.hasTimestamp())
+        return false;
       if (hasTimestamp()) {
-        result = result && getTimestamp().equals(other.getTimestamp());
+        if (!getTimestamp().equals(other.getTimestamp()))
+          return false;
       }
-      result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);
-      return result;
+      if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields()))
+        return false;
+      return true;
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
@@ -1526,7 +1582,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         hash = (37 * hash) + TIMESTAMP_FIELD_NUMBER;
         hash = (53 * hash) + getTimestamp().hashCode();
       }
-      hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+      hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
       memoizedHashCode = hash;
       return hash;
     }
@@ -1566,34 +1622,35 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseFrom(byte[] data,
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder newBuilderForType() {
       return newBuilder();
     }
@@ -1606,12 +1663,13 @@ public static Builder newBuilder(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo prototy
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder toBuilder() {
       return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
-    protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
       Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
       return builder;
     }
@@ -1619,14 +1677,15 @@ protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Build
     /**
      * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo}
      */
-    public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+    public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements
         // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo)
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder {
       public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor;
       }
 
-      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      @java.lang.Override
+      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable
             .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.class,
                 org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder.class);
@@ -1637,86 +1696,73 @@ private Builder() {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
 
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
 
       private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
-        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
           getFooArrayFieldBuilder();
           getFooFieldBuilder();
           getTimestampFieldBuilder();
         }
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder clear() {
         super.clear();
+        bitField0_ = 0;
         int32_ = 0;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
         int64_ = 0L;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
         uint32_ = 0;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
         uint64_ = 0L;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
         sint32_ = 0;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
         sint64_ = 0L;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000020);
         fixed32_ = 0;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000040);
         fixed64_ = 0L;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000080);
         sfixed32_ = 0;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000100);
         sfixed64_ = 0L;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000200);
         float_ = 0F;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000400);
         double_ = 0D;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000800);
         bool_ = false;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00001000);
         string_ = "";
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
         bytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00004000);
         enum_ = 3;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00008000);
-        intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
+        intArray_ = emptyIntList();
         if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
           fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
-          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
         } else {
+          fooArray_ = null;
           fooArrayBuilder_.clear();
         }
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
         syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
-        if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-          foo_ = null;
-        } else {
-          fooBuilder_.clear();
+        foo_ = null;
+        if (fooBuilder_ != null) {
+          fooBuilder_.dispose();
+          fooBuilder_ = null;
         }
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00080000);
-        if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-          timestamp_ = null;
-        } else {
-          timestampBuilder_.clear();
+        timestamp_ = null;
+        if (timestampBuilder_ != null) {
+          timestampBuilder_.dispose();
+          timestampBuilder_ = null;
         }
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00100000);
         return this;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getDefaultInstanceForType() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.getDefaultInstance();
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo build() {
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo result = buildPartial();
         if (!result.isInitialized()) {
@@ -1725,139 +1771,117 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo build() {
         return result;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo buildPartial() {
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo result = new org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo(this);
+        buildPartialRepeatedFields(result);
+        if (bitField0_ != 0) {
+          buildPartial0(result);
+        }
+        onBuilt();
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      private void buildPartialRepeatedFields(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo result) {
+        if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
+            fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
+            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
+          }
+          result.fooArray_ = fooArray_;
+        } else {
+          result.fooArray_ = fooArrayBuilder_.build();
+        }
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) != 0)) {
+          syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
+        }
+        result.syms_ = syms_;
+      }
+
+      private void buildPartial0(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo result) {
         int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
         int to_bitField0_ = 0;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
+          result.int32_ = int32_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         }
-        result.int32_ = int32_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
+          result.int64_ = int64_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
         }
-        result.int64_ = int64_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
+          result.uint32_ = uint32_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
         }
-        result.uint32_ = uint32_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
+          result.uint64_ = uint64_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
         }
-        result.uint64_ = uint64_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0)) {
+          result.sint32_ = sint32_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
         }
-        result.sint32_ = sint32_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0)) {
+          result.sint64_ = sint64_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
         }
-        result.sint64_ = sint64_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0)) {
+          result.fixed32_ = fixed32_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
         }
-        result.fixed32_ = fixed32_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0)) {
+          result.fixed64_ = fixed64_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
         }
-        result.fixed64_ = fixed64_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0)) {
+          result.sfixed32_ = sfixed32_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
         }
-        result.sfixed32_ = sfixed32_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0)) {
+          result.sfixed64_ = sfixed64_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
         }
-        result.sfixed64_ = sfixed64_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0)) {
+          result.float_ = float_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
         }
-        result.float_ = float_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0)) {
+          result.double_ = double_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
         }
-        result.double_ = double_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0)) {
+          result.bool_ = bool_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
         }
-        result.bool_ = bool_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0)) {
+          result.string_ = string_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         }
-        result.string_ = string_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0)) {
+          result.bytes_ = bytes_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
         }
-        result.bytes_ = bytes_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0)) {
+          result.enum_ = enum_;
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
         }
-        result.enum_ = enum_;
-        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-          intArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
-          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
-        }
-        result.intArray_ = intArray_;
-        if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
-            fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(fooArray_);
-            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
-          }
-          result.fooArray_ = fooArray_;
-        } else {
-          result.fooArray_ = fooArrayBuilder_.build();
-        }
-        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
-          syms_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(syms_);
-          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00040000);
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00010000) != 0)) {
+          intArray_.makeImmutable();
+          result.intArray_ = intArray_;
         }
-        result.syms_ = syms_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0)) {
+          result.foo_ = fooBuilder_ == null ? foo_ : fooBuilder_.build();
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
         }
-        if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-          result.foo_ = foo_;
-        } else {
-          result.foo_ = fooBuilder_.build();
-        }
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0)) {
+          result.timestamp_ = timestampBuilder_ == null ? timestamp_ : timestampBuilder_.build();
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
         }
-        if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-          result.timestamp_ = timestamp_;
-        } else {
-          result.timestamp_ = timestampBuilder_.build();
-        }
-        result.bitField0_ = to_bitField0_;
-        onBuilt();
-        return result;
-      }
-
-      public Builder clone() {
-        return (Builder) super.clone();
-      }
-
-      public Builder setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.setField(field, value);
-      }
-
-      public Builder clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
-        return (Builder) super.clearField(field);
-      }
-
-      public Builder clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
-        return (Builder) super.clearOneof(oneof);
-      }
-
-      public Builder setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index,
-          java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
-      }
-
-      public Builder addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        result.bitField0_ |= to_bitField0_;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
         if (other instanceof org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo) {
           return mergeFrom((org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo) other);
@@ -1910,8 +1934,8 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo other) {
           setBool(other.getBool());
         }
         if (other.hasString()) {
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
           string_ = other.string_;
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
           onChanged();
         }
         if (other.hasBytes()) {
@@ -1923,7 +1947,8 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo other) {
         if (!other.intArray_.isEmpty()) {
           if (intArray_.isEmpty()) {
             intArray_ = other.intArray_;
-            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
+            intArray_.makeImmutable();
+            bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
           } else {
             ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
             intArray_.addAll(other.intArray_);
@@ -1948,8 +1973,7 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo other) {
               fooArrayBuilder_ = null;
               fooArray_ = other.fooArray_;
               bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00020000);
-              fooArrayBuilder_ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders
-                  ? getFooArrayFieldBuilder()
+              fooArrayBuilder_ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ? getFooArrayFieldBuilder()
                   : null;
             } else {
               fooArrayBuilder_.addAllMessages(other.fooArray_);
@@ -1972,11 +1996,12 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo other) {
         if (other.hasTimestamp()) {
           mergeTimestamp(other.getTimestamp());
         }
-        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public final boolean isInitialized() {
         if (!hasInt32()) {
           return false;
@@ -1994,19 +2019,184 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
         return true;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
           com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo parsedMessage = null;
+        if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+          throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+        }
         try {
-          parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+          boolean done = false;
+          while (!done) {
+            int tag = input.readTag();
+            switch (tag) {
+            case 0:
+              done = true;
+              break;
+            case 8: {
+              int32_ = input.readInt32();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+              break;
+            } // case 8
+            case 16: {
+              int64_ = input.readInt64();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+              break;
+            } // case 16
+            case 24: {
+              uint32_ = input.readUInt32();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+              break;
+            } // case 24
+            case 32: {
+              uint64_ = input.readUInt64();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+              break;
+            } // case 32
+            case 40: {
+              sint32_ = input.readSInt32();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+              break;
+            } // case 40
+            case 48: {
+              sint64_ = input.readSInt64();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
+              break;
+            } // case 48
+            case 61: {
+              fixed32_ = input.readFixed32();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
+              break;
+            } // case 61
+            case 65: {
+              fixed64_ = input.readFixed64();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
+              break;
+            } // case 65
+            case 77: {
+              sfixed32_ = input.readSFixed32();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
+              break;
+            } // case 77
+            case 81: {
+              sfixed64_ = input.readSFixed64();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
+              break;
+            } // case 81
+            case 93: {
+              float_ = input.readFloat();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
+              break;
+            } // case 93
+            case 97: {
+              double_ = input.readDouble();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
+              break;
+            } // case 97
+            case 104: {
+              bool_ = input.readBool();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
+              break;
+            } // case 104
+            case 114: {
+              string_ = input.readBytes();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
+              break;
+            } // case 114
+            case 122: {
+              bytes_ = input.readBytes();
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
+              break;
+            } // case 122
+            case 128: {
+              int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+              org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.forNumber(tmpRaw);
+              if (tmpValue == null) {
+                mergeUnknownVarintField(16, tmpRaw);
+              } else {
+                enum_ = tmpRaw;
+                bitField0_ |= 0x00008000;
+              }
+              break;
+            } // case 128
+            case 136: {
+              int v = input.readInt32();
+              ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
+              intArray_.addInt(v);
+              break;
+            } // case 136
+            case 138: {
+              int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+              int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
+              ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
+              while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+                intArray_.addInt(input.readInt32());
+              }
+              input.popLimit(limit);
+              break;
+            } // case 138
+            case 146: {
+              input.readMessage(getFooFieldBuilder().getBuilder(), extensionRegistry);
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+              break;
+            } // case 146
+            case 152: {
+              int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+              org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.forNumber(tmpRaw);
+              if (tmpValue == null) {
+                mergeUnknownVarintField(19, tmpRaw);
+              } else {
+                ensureSymsIsMutable();
+                syms_.add(tmpRaw);
+              }
+              break;
+            } // case 152
+            case 154: {
+              int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+              int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
+              while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+                int tmpRaw = input.readEnum();
+                org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A tmpValue = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A
+                    .forNumber(tmpRaw);
+                if (tmpValue == null) {
+                  mergeUnknownVarintField(19, tmpRaw);
+                } else {
+                  ensureSymsIsMutable();
+                  syms_.add(tmpRaw);
+                }
+              }
+              input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+              break;
+            } // case 154
+            case 162: {
+              org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo m = input
+                  .readMessage(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.parser(), extensionRegistry);
+              if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
+                ensureFooArrayIsMutable();
+                fooArray_.add(m);
+              } else {
+                fooArrayBuilder_.addMessage(m);
+              }
+              break;
+            } // case 162
+            case 170: {
+              input.readMessage(getTimestampFieldBuilder().getBuilder(), extensionRegistry);
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+              break;
+            } // case 170
+            default: {
+              if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+                done = true; // was an endgroup tag
+              }
+              break;
+            } // default:
+            } // switch (tag)
+          } // while (!done)
         } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-          parsedMessage = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
           throw e.unwrapIOException();
         } finally {
-          if (parsedMessage != null) {
-            mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
-          }
-        }
+          onChanged();
+        } // finally
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -2020,9 +2210,12 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the int32 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasInt32() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
@@ -2031,7 +2224,10 @@ public boolean hasInt32() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The int32.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public int getInt32() {
         return int32_;
       }
@@ -2042,10 +2238,14 @@ public int getInt32() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The int32 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setInt32(int value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+
         int32_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
@@ -2056,6 +2256,8 @@ public Builder setInt32(int value) {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>required int32 int32 = 1;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearInt32() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
@@ -2068,30 +2270,42 @@ public Builder clearInt32() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the int64 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasInt64() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The int64.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public long getInt64() {
         return int64_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The int64 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setInt64(long value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+
         int64_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional int64 int64 = 2;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearInt64() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
@@ -2104,30 +2318,42 @@ public Builder clearInt64() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the uint32 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasUint32() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The uint32.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public int getUint32() {
         return uint32_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The uint32 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setUint32(int value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+
         uint32_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint32 uint32 = 3;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearUint32() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
@@ -2140,30 +2366,42 @@ public Builder clearUint32() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the uint64 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasUint64() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The uint64.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public long getUint64() {
         return uint64_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The uint64 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setUint64(long value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+
         uint64_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional uint64 uint64 = 4;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearUint64() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
@@ -2176,30 +2414,42 @@ public Builder clearUint64() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the sint32 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasSint32() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The sint32.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public int getSint32() {
         return sint32_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The sint32 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setSint32(int value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+
         sint32_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint32 sint32 = 5;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearSint32() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
@@ -2212,30 +2462,42 @@ public Builder clearSint32() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the sint64 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasSint64() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) == 0x00000020);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000020) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The sint64.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public long getSint64() {
         return sint64_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The sint64 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setSint64(long value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
+
         sint64_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000020;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sint64 sint64 = 6;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearSint64() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000020);
@@ -2248,30 +2510,42 @@ public Builder clearSint64() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the fixed32 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasFixed32() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) == 0x00000040);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000040) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The fixed32.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public int getFixed32() {
         return fixed32_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The fixed32 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setFixed32(int value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
+
         fixed32_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000040;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed32 fixed32 = 7;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearFixed32() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000040);
@@ -2284,30 +2558,42 @@ public Builder clearFixed32() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the fixed64 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasFixed64() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) == 0x00000080);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000080) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The fixed64.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public long getFixed64() {
         return fixed64_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The fixed64 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setFixed64(long value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
+
         fixed64_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000080;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional fixed64 fixed64 = 8;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearFixed64() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000080);
@@ -2320,30 +2606,42 @@ public Builder clearFixed64() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the sfixed32 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasSfixed32() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) == 0x00000100);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000100) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The sfixed32.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public int getSfixed32() {
         return sfixed32_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The sfixed32 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setSfixed32(int value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
+
         sfixed32_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000100;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed32 sfixed32 = 9;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearSfixed32() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000100);
@@ -2356,30 +2654,42 @@ public Builder clearSfixed32() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the sfixed64 field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasSfixed64() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) == 0x00000200);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000200) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The sfixed64.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public long getSfixed64() {
         return sfixed64_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The sfixed64 to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setSfixed64(long value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
+
         sfixed64_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000200;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional sfixed64 sfixed64 = 10;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearSfixed64() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000200);
@@ -2392,30 +2702,42 @@ public Builder clearSfixed64() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the float field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasFloat() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) == 0x00000400);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000400) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The float.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public float getFloat() {
         return float_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The float to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setFloat(float value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
+
         float_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000400;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional float float = 11;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearFloat() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000400);
@@ -2428,30 +2750,42 @@ public Builder clearFloat() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the double field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasDouble() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) == 0x00000800);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000800) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The double.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public double getDouble() {
         return double_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The double to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setDouble(double value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
+
         double_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000800;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional double double = 12;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearDouble() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000800);
@@ -2464,30 +2798,42 @@ public Builder clearDouble() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the bool field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasBool() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) == 0x00001000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00001000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The bool.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean getBool() {
         return bool_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The bool to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setBool(boolean value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
+
         bool_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00001000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bool bool = 13;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearBool() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00001000);
@@ -2500,13 +2846,17 @@ public Builder clearBool() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the string field is set.
        */
       public boolean hasString() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) == 0x00002000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00002000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The string.
        */
       public java.lang.String getString() {
         java.lang.Object ref = string_;
@@ -2524,6 +2874,8 @@ public java.lang.String getString() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The bytes for string.
        */
       public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
         java.lang.Object ref = string_;
@@ -2538,36 +2890,44 @@ public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getStringBytes() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The string to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setString(java.lang.String value) {
         if (value == null) {
           throw new NullPointerException();
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         string_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearString() {
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
         string_ = getDefaultInstance().getString();
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00002000);
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional string string = 14;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The bytes for string to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setStringBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
           throw new NullPointerException();
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         string_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00002000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
@@ -2576,33 +2936,44 @@ public Builder setStringBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the bytes field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasBytes() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) == 0x00004000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00004000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The bytes.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBytes() {
         return bytes_;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The bytes to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
           throw new NullPointerException();
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
         bytes_ = value;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00004000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional bytes bytes = 15;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearBytes() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00004000);
@@ -2615,21 +2986,30 @@ public Builder clearBytes() {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the enum field is set.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public boolean hasEnum() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) == 0x00008000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00008000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The enum.
        */
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getEnum() {
-        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.valueOf(enum_);
+        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A result = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.forNumber(enum_);
         return result == null ? org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A.Z : result;
       }
 
       /**
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The enum to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setEnum(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
         if (value == null) {
@@ -2643,6 +3023,8 @@ public Builder setEnum(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
 
       /**
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A enum = 16 [default = Z];</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearEnum() {
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00008000);
@@ -2651,13 +3033,13 @@ public Builder clearEnum() {
         return this;
       }
 
-      private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+      private com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList intArray_ = emptyIntList();
 
       private void ensureIntArrayIsMutable() {
-        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000)) {
-          intArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>(intArray_);
-          bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
+        if (!intArray_.isModifiable()) {
+          intArray_ = makeMutableCopy(intArray_);
         }
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
       }
 
       /**
@@ -2666,9 +3048,12 @@ private void ensureIntArrayIsMutable() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return A list containing the intArray.
        */
       public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
-        return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(intArray_);
+        intArray_.makeImmutable();
+        return intArray_;
       }
 
       /**
@@ -2677,6 +3062,8 @@ public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getIntArrayList() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The count of intArray.
        */
       public int getIntArrayCount() {
         return intArray_.size();
@@ -2688,9 +3075,12 @@ public int getIntArrayCount() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param index The index of the element to return.
+       * @return The intArray at the given index.
        */
       public int getIntArray(int index) {
-        return intArray_.get(index);
+        return intArray_.getInt(index);
       }
 
       /**
@@ -2699,10 +3089,16 @@ public int getIntArray(int index) {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param index The index to set the value at.
+       * @param value The intArray to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setIntArray(int index, int value) {
+
         ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
-        intArray_.set(index, value);
+        intArray_.setInt(index, value);
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
@@ -2713,10 +3109,15 @@ public Builder setIntArray(int index, int value) {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The intArray to add.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder addIntArray(int value) {
+
         ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
-        intArray_.add(value);
+        intArray_.addInt(value);
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
@@ -2727,10 +3128,14 @@ public Builder addIntArray(int value) {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param values The intArray to add.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder addAllIntArray(java.lang.Iterable<? extends java.lang.Integer> values) {
         ensureIntArrayIsMutable();
         com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(values, intArray_);
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00010000;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
@@ -2741,9 +3146,11 @@ public Builder addAllIntArray(java.lang.Iterable<? extends java.lang.Integer> va
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>repeated int32 intArray = 17;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearIntArray() {
-        intArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+        intArray_ = emptyIntList();
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00010000);
         onChanged();
         return this;
@@ -2752,13 +3159,13 @@ public Builder clearIntArray() {
       private java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo> fooArray_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
 
       private void ensureFooArrayIsMutable() {
-        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000)) {
+        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0)) {
           fooArray_ = new java.util.ArrayList<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo>(fooArray_);
           bitField0_ |= 0x00020000;
         }
       }
 
-      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> fooArrayBuilder_;
+      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> fooArrayBuilder_;
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo fooArray = 20;</code>
@@ -2979,10 +3386,10 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder> getFooArr
         return getFooArrayFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
       }
 
-      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayFieldBuilder() {
+      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> getFooArrayFieldBuilder() {
         if (fooArrayBuilder_ == null) {
-          fooArrayBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder>(
-              fooArray_, ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) == 0x00020000), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
+          fooArrayBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder>(
+              fooArray_, ((bitField0_ & 0x00020000) != 0), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
           fooArray_ = null;
         }
         return fooArrayBuilder_;
@@ -2991,7 +3398,7 @@ private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noop
       private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
 
       private void ensureSymsIsMutable() {
-        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) == 0x00040000)) {
+        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00040000) != 0)) {
           syms_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>(syms_);
           bitField0_ |= 0x00040000;
         }
@@ -2999,6 +3406,8 @@ private void ensureSymsIsMutable() {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return A list containing the syms.
        */
       public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> getSymsList() {
         return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<java.lang.Integer, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A>(
@@ -3007,6 +3416,8 @@ public java.util.List<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> getSymsList() {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The count of syms.
        */
       public int getSymsCount() {
         return syms_.size();
@@ -3014,6 +3425,9 @@ public int getSymsCount() {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param index The index of the element to return.
+       * @return The syms at the given index.
        */
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getSyms(int index) {
         return syms_converter_.convert(syms_.get(index));
@@ -3021,6 +3435,10 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A getSyms(int index) {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param index The index to set the value at.
+       * @param value The syms to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder setSyms(int index, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
         if (value == null) {
@@ -3034,6 +3452,9 @@ public Builder setSyms(int index, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param value The syms to add.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder addSyms(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
         if (value == null) {
@@ -3047,6 +3468,9 @@ public Builder addSyms(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A value) {
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @param values The syms to add.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder addAllSyms(java.lang.Iterable<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.A> values) {
         ensureSymsIsMutable();
@@ -3059,6 +3483,8 @@ public Builder addAllSyms(java.lang.Iterable<? extends org.apache.avro.protobuf.
 
       /**
        * <code>repeated .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.A syms = 19;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
       public Builder clearSyms() {
         syms_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
@@ -3067,8 +3493,8 @@ public Builder clearSyms() {
         return this;
       }
 
-      private org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo foo_ = null;
-      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> fooBuilder_;
+      private org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo foo_;
+      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> fooBuilder_;
 
       /**
        * <pre>
@@ -3076,9 +3502,11 @@ public Builder clearSyms() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the foo field is set.
        */
       public boolean hasFoo() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
@@ -3087,6 +3515,8 @@ public boolean hasFoo() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The foo.
        */
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getFoo() {
         if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
@@ -3109,11 +3539,11 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo value) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
           }
           foo_ = value;
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           fooBuilder_.setMessage(value);
         }
         bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3127,11 +3557,11 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo value) {
       public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder builderForValue) {
         if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
           foo_ = builderForValue.build();
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           fooBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
         }
         bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3144,17 +3574,19 @@ public Builder setFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder builderFor
        */
       public Builder mergeFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo value) {
         if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) == 0x00080000) && foo_ != null
+          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00080000) != 0) && foo_ != null
               && foo_ != org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.getDefaultInstance()) {
-            foo_ = org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.newBuilder(foo_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+            getFooBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
           } else {
             foo_ = value;
           }
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           fooBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+        if (foo_ != null) {
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00080000;
+          onChanged();
+        }
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3166,13 +3598,13 @@ public Builder mergeFoo(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo value) {
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
        */
       public Builder clearFoo() {
-        if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-          foo_ = null;
-          onChanged();
-        } else {
-          fooBuilder_.clear();
-        }
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00080000);
+        foo_ = null;
+        if (fooBuilder_ != null) {
+          fooBuilder_.dispose();
+          fooBuilder_ = null;
+        }
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3211,17 +3643,17 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder getFooOrBuilder() {
        *
        * <code>optional .org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo foo = 18;</code>
        */
-      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> getFooFieldBuilder() {
+      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder> getFooFieldBuilder() {
         if (fooBuilder_ == null) {
-          fooBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder>(
+          fooBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo.Builder, org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.FooOrBuilder>(
               getFoo(), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
           foo_ = null;
         }
         return fooBuilder_;
       }
 
-      private com.google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_ = null;
-      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> timestampBuilder_;
+      private com.google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_;
+      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> timestampBuilder_;
 
       /**
        * <pre>
@@ -3229,9 +3661,11 @@ private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return Whether the timestamp field is set.
        */
       public boolean hasTimestamp() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0);
       }
 
       /**
@@ -3240,6 +3674,8 @@ public boolean hasTimestamp() {
        * </pre>
        *
        * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
+       * 
+       * @return The timestamp.
        */
       public com.google.protobuf.Timestamp getTimestamp() {
         if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
@@ -3262,11 +3698,11 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
           }
           timestamp_ = value;
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           timestampBuilder_.setMessage(value);
         }
         bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3280,11 +3716,11 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
       public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder builderForValue) {
         if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
           timestamp_ = builderForValue.build();
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           timestampBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
         }
         bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3297,17 +3733,19 @@ public Builder setTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder builderForValu
        */
       public Builder mergeTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
         if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) == 0x00100000) && timestamp_ != null
+          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00100000) != 0) && timestamp_ != null
               && timestamp_ != com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.getDefaultInstance()) {
-            timestamp_ = com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.newBuilder(timestamp_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
+            getTimestampBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
           } else {
             timestamp_ = value;
           }
-          onChanged();
         } else {
           timestampBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+        if (timestamp_ != null) {
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00100000;
+          onChanged();
+        }
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3319,13 +3757,13 @@ public Builder mergeTimestamp(com.google.protobuf.Timestamp value) {
        * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
        */
       public Builder clearTimestamp() {
-        if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-          timestamp_ = null;
-          onChanged();
-        } else {
-          timestampBuilder_.clear();
-        }
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00100000);
+        timestamp_ = null;
+        if (timestampBuilder_ != null) {
+          timestampBuilder_.dispose();
+          timestampBuilder_ = null;
+        }
+        onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -3364,23 +3802,15 @@ public com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder getTimestampOrBuilder() {
        *
        * <code>optional .google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 21;</code>
        */
-      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> getTimestampFieldBuilder() {
+      private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder> getTimestampFieldBuilder() {
         if (timestampBuilder_ == null) {
-          timestampBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilderV3<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder>(
+          timestampBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<com.google.protobuf.Timestamp, com.google.protobuf.Timestamp.Builder, com.google.protobuf.TimestampOrBuilder>(
               getTimestamp(), getParentForChildren(), isClean());
           timestamp_ = null;
         }
         return timestampBuilder_;
       }
 
-      public final Builder setUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-      }
-
-      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-      }
-
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Foo)
     }
 
@@ -3394,12 +3824,22 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getDefaultInstance() {
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
     }
 
-    @java.lang.Deprecated
-    public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Foo>() {
+    private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Foo>() {
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Foo parsePartialFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
           com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
           throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-        return new Foo(input, extensionRegistry);
+        Builder builder = newBuilder();
+        try {
+          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
+          throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        }
+        return builder.buildPartial();
       }
     };
 
@@ -3412,6 +3852,7 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Foo> getParserForType() {
       return PARSER;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.Foo getDefaultInstanceForType() {
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
     }
@@ -3430,62 +3871,30 @@ public interface MOrBuilder extends
    *
    * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.M}
    */
-  public static final class M extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
+  public static final class M extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.M)
       MOrBuilder {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+    static {
+      com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+          com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+          /* suffix= */ "", M.class.getName());
+    }
 
     // Use M.newBuilder() to construct.
-    private M(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+    private M(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
       super(builder);
     }
 
     private M() {
     }
 
-    @java.lang.Override
-    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
-      return this.unknownFields;
-    }
-
-    private M(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input, com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-      this();
-      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
-        throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
-      }
-      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
-      try {
-        boolean done = false;
-        while (!done) {
-          int tag = input.readTag();
-          switch (tag) {
-          case 0:
-            done = true;
-            break;
-          default: {
-            if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
-              done = true;
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-          }
-        }
-      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
-        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
-      } finally {
-        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
-        makeExtensionsImmutable();
-      }
-    }
-
     public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor;
     }
 
-    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
       return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable
           .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.class,
               org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.Builder.class);
@@ -3500,6 +3909,11 @@ public enum N implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
        */
       A(1),;
 
+      static {
+        com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.validateProtobufGencodeVersion(
+            com.google.protobuf.RuntimeVersion.RuntimeDomain.PUBLIC, /* major= */ 4, /* minor= */ 26, /* patch= */ 1,
+            /* suffix= */ "", N.class.getName());
+      }
       /**
        * <code>A = 1;</code>
        */
@@ -3510,6 +3924,8 @@ public final int getNumber() {
       }
 
       /**
+       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
        * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
        */
       @java.lang.Deprecated
@@ -3517,6 +3933,10 @@ public static N valueOf(int value) {
         return forNumber(value);
       }
 
+      /**
+       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
+       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
+       */
       public static N forNumber(int value) {
         switch (value) {
         case 1:
@@ -3568,6 +3988,7 @@ private N(int value) {
 
     private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
       byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
       if (isInitialized == 1)
@@ -3579,17 +4000,19 @@ public final boolean isInitialized() {
       return true;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output) throws java.io.IOException {
-      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+      getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public int getSerializedSize() {
       int size = memoizedSize;
       if (size != -1)
         return size;
 
       size = 0;
-      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+      size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
       memoizedSize = size;
       return size;
     }
@@ -3604,9 +4027,9 @@ public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
       }
       org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M other = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M) obj;
 
-      boolean result = true;
-      result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);
-      return result;
+      if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields()))
+        return false;
+      return true;
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
@@ -3616,7 +4039,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
       }
       int hash = 41;
       hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
-      hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
+      hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
       memoizedHashCode = hash;
       return hash;
     }
@@ -3656,34 +4079,35 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseFrom(byte[] data,
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
         throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
     }
 
     public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parseFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
         com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
+      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder newBuilderForType() {
       return newBuilder();
     }
@@ -3696,12 +4120,13 @@ public static Builder newBuilder(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M prototype
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public Builder toBuilder() {
       return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
-    protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+    protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
       Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
       return builder;
     }
@@ -3713,14 +4138,15 @@ protected Builder newBuilderForType(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Build
      *
      * Protobuf type {@code org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.M}
      */
-    public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
+    public static final class Builder extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements
         // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.M)
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.MOrBuilder {
       public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor;
       }
 
-      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      @java.lang.Override
+      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable
             .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.class,
                 org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.Builder.class);
@@ -3728,32 +4154,31 @@ protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetF
 
       // Construct using org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.newBuilder()
       private Builder() {
-        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+
       }
 
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
-        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
-      }
 
-      private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
-        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
-        }
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder clear() {
         super.clear();
         return this;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M getDefaultInstanceForType() {
         return org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.getDefaultInstance();
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M build() {
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M result = buildPartial();
         if (!result.isInitialized()) {
@@ -3762,37 +4187,14 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M build() {
         return result;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M buildPartial() {
         org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M result = new org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M(this);
         onBuilt();
         return result;
       }
 
-      public Builder clone() {
-        return (Builder) super.clone();
-      }
-
-      public Builder setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.setField(field, value);
-      }
-
-      public Builder clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
-        return (Builder) super.clearField(field);
-      }
-
-      public Builder clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
-        return (Builder) super.clearOneof(oneof);
-      }
-
-      public Builder setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index,
-          java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
-      }
-
-      public Builder addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, java.lang.Object value) {
-        return (Builder) super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
-      }
-
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
         if (other instanceof org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M) {
           return mergeFrom((org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M) other);
@@ -3805,39 +4207,46 @@ public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
       public Builder mergeFrom(org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M other) {
         if (other == org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M.getDefaultInstance())
           return this;
-        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
+        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public final boolean isInitialized() {
         return true;
       }
 
+      @java.lang.Override
       public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
           com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws java.io.IOException {
-        org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M parsedMessage = null;
+        if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+          throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
+        }
         try {
-          parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+          boolean done = false;
+          while (!done) {
+            int tag = input.readTag();
+            switch (tag) {
+            case 0:
+              done = true;
+              break;
+            default: {
+              if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+                done = true; // was an endgroup tag
+              }
+              break;
+            } // default:
+            } // switch (tag)
+          } // while (!done)
         } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-          parsedMessage = (org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
           throw e.unwrapIOException();
         } finally {
-          if (parsedMessage != null) {
-            mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
-          }
-        }
+          onChanged();
+        } // finally
         return this;
       }
 
-      public final Builder setUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-      }
-
-      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
-        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
-      }
-
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.M)
     }
 
@@ -3851,12 +4260,22 @@ public static org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M getDefaultInstance() {
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
     }
 
-    @java.lang.Deprecated
-    public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<M>() {
+    private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<M>() {
+      @java.lang.Override
       public M parsePartialFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
           com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
           throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-        return new M(input, extensionRegistry);
+        Builder builder = newBuilder();
+        try {
+          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
+          throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        }
+        return builder.buildPartial();
       }
     };
 
@@ -3869,6 +4288,7 @@ public com.google.protobuf.Parser<M> getParserForType() {
       return PARSER;
     }
 
+    @java.lang.Override
     public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M getDefaultInstanceForType() {
       return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
     }
@@ -3876,9 +4296,9 @@ public org.apache.avro.protobuf.noopt.Test.M getDefaultInstanceForType() {
   }
 
   private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor;
-  private static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable;
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable;
   private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor;
-  private static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable;
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable;
 
   public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor getDescriptor() {
     return descriptor;
@@ -3902,25 +4322,18 @@ public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor getDescriptor() {
         + "opt.Foo\022-\n\ttimestamp\030\025 \001(\0132\032.google.prot"
         + "obuf.Timestamp\"\017\n\001M\"\n\n\001N\022\005\n\001A\020\001*\030\n\001A\022\005\n\001"
         + "X\020\001\022\005\n\001Y\020\002\022\005\n\001Z\020\003" };
-    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner assigner = new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner() {
-      public com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry assignDescriptors(
-          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor root) {
-        descriptor = root;
-        return null;
-      }
-    };
-    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
-        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] { com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor(), },
-        assigner);
+    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] { com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor(), });
     internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor = getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
-    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_Foo_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "Int32", "Int64", "Uint32", "Uint64", "Sint32", "Sint64", "Fixed32", "Fixed64",
             "Sfixed32", "Sfixed64", "Float", "Double", "Bool", "String", "Bytes", "Enum", "IntArray", "FooArray",
             "Syms", "Foo", "Timestamp", });
     internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor = getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(1);
-    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
+    internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_fieldAccessorTable = new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_org_apache_avro_protobuf_noopt_M_descriptor, new java.lang.String[] {});
+    descriptor.resolveAllFeaturesImmutable();
     com.google.protobuf.TimestampProto.getDescriptor();
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/thrift/pom.xml b/lang/java/thrift/pom.xml
index b24646832a4..57962762a05 100644
--- a/lang/java/thrift/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/thrift/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-thrift</artifactId>
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
       <build>
         <plugins>
           <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
             <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
             <executions>
               <execution>
@@ -82,6 +83,25 @@
 
   <build>
     <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>default-cli</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>enforce</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <rules>
+                <enforceBytecodeVersion>
+                  <maxJdkVersion>11</maxJdkVersion>
+                </enforceBytecodeVersion>
+              </rules>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -107,6 +127,12 @@
       <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
       <version>${thrift.version}</version>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
+      <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
+      <version>1.3.2</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
 </project>
diff --git a/lang/java/thrift/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/ThriftData.java b/lang/java/thrift/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/ThriftData.java
index 0e08318eb9f..3b82a0ceba5 100644
--- a/lang/java/thrift/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/ThriftData.java
+++ b/lang/java/thrift/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/ThriftData.java
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ protected Object getRecordState(Object r, Schema s) {
     if (fields == null) { // cache miss
       fields = new TFieldIdEnum[s.getFields().size()];
       Class c = r.getClass();
-      for (TFieldIdEnum f : FieldMetaData.getStructMetaDataMap((Class<? extends TBase>) c).keySet())
+      for (TFieldIdEnum f : ((Map<TFieldIdEnum, FieldMetaData>) FieldMetaData
+          .getStructMetaDataMap((Class<? extends TBase>) c)).keySet())
         fields[s.getField(f.getFieldName()).pos()] = f;
       fieldCache.put(s, fields); // update cache
     }
@@ -190,7 +191,8 @@ public Schema getSchema(Class c) {
         } else if (TBase.class.isAssignableFrom(c)) { // struct
           schema = Schema.createRecord(c.getName(), null, null, Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(c));
           List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
-          for (FieldMetaData f : FieldMetaData.getStructMetaDataMap((Class<? extends TBase>) c).values()) {
+          for (FieldMetaData f : ((Map<TFieldIdEnum, FieldMetaData>) FieldMetaData
+              .getStructMetaDataMap((Class<? extends TBase>) c)).values()) {
             Schema s = getSchema(f.valueMetaData);
             if (f.requirementType == TFieldRequirementType.OPTIONAL && (s.getType() != Schema.Type.UNION))
               s = nullable(s);
diff --git a/lang/java/thrift/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/TestThrift.java b/lang/java/thrift/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/TestThrift.java
index de02a665124..b46627d8b9d 100644
--- a/lang/java/thrift/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/TestThrift.java
+++ b/lang/java/thrift/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/thrift/TestThrift.java
@@ -26,17 +26,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.Encoder;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import org.apache.avro.thrift.test.Test;
 import org.apache.avro.thrift.test.FooOrBar;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import org.apache.avro.thrift.test.E;
 import org.apache.avro.thrift.test.Nested;
 
 public class TestThrift {
 
-  @org.junit.Test
-  public void testStruct() throws Exception {
+  @org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+  void testStruct() throws Exception {
 
     System.out.println(ThriftData.get().getSchema(Test.class).toString(true));
 
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ public void testStruct() throws Exception {
     check(test);
   }
 
-  @org.junit.Test
-  public void testOptionals() throws Exception {
+  @org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+  void testOptionals() throws Exception {
 
     Test test = new Test();
     test.setBoolField(true);
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/pom.xml b/lang/java/tools/pom.xml
index 1f4e169ee88..7804d866dff 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/tools/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>avro-tools</artifactId>
@@ -198,6 +198,11 @@
       <classifier>tests</classifier>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
+      <artifactId>avro-idl</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
       <artifactId>avro-compiler</artifactId>
@@ -272,6 +277,18 @@
       <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
       <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
+      <!-- AVRO-3304: Drop-in reload4j replacement while waiting for downstream to bump log4j -->
+      <exclusions>
+        <exclusion>
+          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+        </exclusion>
+      </exclusions>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>ch.qos.reload4j</groupId>
+      <artifactId>reload4j</artifactId>
+      <version>${reload4j.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
@@ -302,6 +319,11 @@
           <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
           <artifactId>curator-client</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
+        <!-- AVRO-3304: Drop-in reload4j replacement while waiting for downstream to bump log4j -->
+        <exclusion>
+          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
+          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
+        </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileReadTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileReadTool.java
index fb5ef7227f4..87ff94aa592 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileReadTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileReadTool.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -35,9 +36,12 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.io.JsonEncoder;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /** Reads a data file and dumps to JSON */
 public class DataFileReadTool implements Tool {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataFileReadTool.class);
   private static final long DEFAULT_HEAD_COUNT = 10;
 
   @Override
@@ -62,18 +66,13 @@ public int run(InputStream stdin, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String>
         .ofType(String.class);
 
     OptionSet optionSet = optionParser.parse(args.toArray(new String[0]));
-    Boolean pretty = optionSet.has(prettyOption);
+    boolean pretty = optionSet.has(prettyOption);
     List<String> nargs = new ArrayList<>((List<String>) optionSet.nonOptionArguments());
 
     String readerSchemaStr = readerSchemaOption.value(optionSet);
     String readerSchemaFile = readerSchemaFileOption.value(optionSet);
 
-    Schema readerSchema = null;
-    if (readerSchemaFile != null) {
-      readerSchema = Util.parseSchemaFromFS(readerSchemaFile);
-    } else if (readerSchemaStr != null) {
-      readerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(readerSchemaStr);
-    }
+    Schema readerSchema = getSchema(readerSchemaStr, readerSchemaFile);
 
     long headCount = getHeadCount(optionSet, headOption, nargs);
 
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ public int run(InputStream stdin, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String>
     }
     try (DataFileStream<Object> streamReader = new DataFileStream<>(inStream, reader)) {
       Schema schema = readerSchema != null ? readerSchema : streamReader.getSchema();
-      DatumWriter writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
+      DatumWriter<Object> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
       JsonEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(schema, out, pretty);
       for (long recordCount = 0; streamReader.hasNext() && recordCount < headCount; recordCount++) {
         Object datum = streamReader.next();
@@ -105,6 +104,18 @@ public int run(InputStream stdin, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String>
     return 0;
   }
 
+  static Schema getSchema(String schemaStr, String schemaFile) throws IOException {
+    Schema readerSchema = null;
+    if (schemaFile != null) {
+      LOG.info("Reading schema from file '{}'", schemaFile);
+      readerSchema = Util.parseSchemaFromFS(schemaFile);
+    } else if (schemaStr != null) {
+      LOG.info("Reading schema from string '{}'", schemaStr);
+      readerSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemaStr);
+    }
+    return readerSchema;
+  }
+
   private static long getHeadCount(OptionSet optionSet, OptionSpec<String> headOption, List<String> nargs) {
     long headCount = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     if (optionSet.has(headOption)) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileWriteTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileWriteTool.java
index b763a00bee4..4bf2f79a0b2 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileWriteTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/DataFileWriteTool.java
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public int run(InputStream stdin, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String>
       p.printHelpOn(err);
       return 1;
     }
-    Schema schema = (schemafile != null) ? Util.parseSchemaFromFS(schemafile) : new Schema.Parser().parse(schemastr);
+    Schema schema = DataFileReadTool.getSchema(schemastr, schemafile);
 
     DatumReader<Object> reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
 
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlToSchemataTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlToSchemataTool.java
index fadd0f95c21..6e0901efed1 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlToSchemataTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlToSchemataTool.java
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@
 
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
+import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.Idl;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlFile;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlReader;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@@ -35,21 +38,40 @@
 public class IdlToSchemataTool implements Tool {
   @Override
   public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> args) throws Exception {
-    if (args.isEmpty() || args.size() > 2 || isRequestingHelp(args)) {
-      err.println("Usage: idl2schemata [idl] [outdir]");
-      err.println("");
+    boolean useJavaCC = "--useJavaCC".equals(getArg(args, 0, null));
+
+    if (args.isEmpty() || args.size() > (useJavaCC ? 3 : 2) || isRequestingHelp(args)) {
+      err.println("Usage: idl2schemata [--useJavaCC] [idl [outdir]]");
+      err.println();
       err.println("If an output directory is not specified, " + "outputs to current directory.");
       return -1;
     }
 
-    boolean pretty = true;
-    Idl parser = new Idl(new File(args.get(0)));
-    File outputDirectory = getOutputDirectory(args);
+    String inputName = getArg(args, useJavaCC ? 1 : 0, "-");
+    File inputFile = "-".equals(inputName) ? null : new File(inputName);
+    File outputDirectory = getOutputDirectory(getArg(args, useJavaCC ? 2 : 1, ""));
 
-    for (Schema schema : parser.CompilationUnit().getTypes()) {
-      print(schema, outputDirectory, pretty);
+    if (useJavaCC) {
+      try (Idl parser = new Idl(inputFile)) {
+        final Protocol protocol = parser.CompilationUnit();
+        final List<String> warnings = parser.getWarningsAfterParsing();
+        for (String warning : warnings) {
+          err.println("Warning: " + warning);
+        }
+        for (Schema schema : protocol.getTypes()) {
+          print(schema, outputDirectory);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+      IdlFile idlFile = inputFile == null ? parser.parse(in) : parser.parse(inputFile.toPath());
+      for (String warning : idlFile.getWarnings()) {
+        err.println("Warning: " + warning);
+      }
+      for (Schema schema : idlFile.getNamedSchemas().values()) {
+        print(schema, outputDirectory);
+      }
     }
-    parser.close();
 
     return 0;
   }
@@ -58,19 +80,26 @@ private boolean isRequestingHelp(List<String> args) {
     return args.size() == 1 && (args.get(0).equals("--help") || args.get(0).equals("-help"));
   }
 
-  private File getOutputDirectory(List<String> args) {
-    String dirname = (args.size() == 2) ? args.get(1) : "";
+  private String getArg(List<String> args, int index, String defaultValue) {
+    if (index < args.size()) {
+      return args.get(index);
+    } else {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private File getOutputDirectory(String dirname) {
     File outputDirectory = new File(dirname);
     outputDirectory.mkdirs();
     return outputDirectory;
   }
 
-  private void print(Schema schema, File outputDirectory, boolean pretty) throws FileNotFoundException {
+  private void print(Schema schema, File outputDirectory) throws FileNotFoundException {
     String dirpath = outputDirectory.getAbsolutePath();
     String filename = dirpath + "/" + schema.getName() + ".avsc";
     FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filename);
     PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(fileOutputStream);
-    printStream.println(schema.toString(pretty));
+    printStream.println(schema.toString(true));
     printStream.close();
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlTool.java
index e3e9af28263..7f7179dad3a 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/IdlTool.java
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.compiler.idl.Idl;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlFile;
+import org.apache.avro.idl.IdlReader;
 
 import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -34,33 +37,55 @@ public class IdlTool implements Tool {
   @Override
   public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> args) throws Exception {
 
-    PrintStream parseOut = out;
-
-    if (args.size() > 2 || (args.size() == 1 && (args.get(0).equals("--help") || args.get(0).equals("-help")))) {
-      err.println("Usage: idl [in] [out]");
+    boolean useJavaCC = "--useJavaCC".equals(getArg(args, 0, null));
+    if (args.size() > (useJavaCC ? 3 : 2)
+        || (args.size() == 1 && (args.get(0).equals("--help") || args.get(0).equals("-help")))) {
+      err.println("Usage: idl [--useJavaCC] [in [out]]");
       err.println();
       err.println("If an output path is not specified, outputs to stdout.");
       err.println("If no input or output is specified, takes input from");
-      err.println("stdin and outputs to stdin.");
+      err.println("stdin and outputs to stdout.");
       err.println("The special path \"-\" may also be specified to refer to");
       err.println("stdin and stdout.");
       return -1;
     }
 
-    Idl parser;
-    if (args.size() >= 1 && !"-".equals(args.get(0))) {
-      parser = new Idl(new File(args.get(0)));
+    String inputName = getArg(args, useJavaCC ? 1 : 0, "-");
+    File inputFile = "-".equals(inputName) ? null : new File(inputName);
+    String outputName = getArg(args, useJavaCC ? 2 : 1, "-");
+    File outputFile = "-".equals(outputName) ? null : new File(outputName);
+
+    Schema m = null;
+    Protocol p;
+    if (useJavaCC) {
+      // noinspection deprecation
+      try (Idl parser = new Idl(inputFile)) {
+        p = parser.CompilationUnit();
+        for (String warning : parser.getWarningsAfterParsing()) {
+          err.println("Warning: " + warning);
+        }
+      }
     } else {
-      parser = new Idl(in);
+      IdlReader parser = new IdlReader();
+      IdlFile idlFile = inputFile == null ? parser.parse(in) : parser.parse(inputFile.toPath());
+      for (String warning : idlFile.getWarnings()) {
+        err.println("Warning: " + warning);
+      }
+      p = idlFile.getProtocol();
+      m = idlFile.getMainSchema();
     }
 
-    if (args.size() == 2 && !"-".equals(args.get(1))) {
-      parseOut = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(args.get(1)));
+    PrintStream parseOut = out;
+    if (outputFile != null) {
+      parseOut = new PrintStream(Files.newOutputStream(outputFile.toPath()));
     }
 
-    Protocol p = parser.CompilationUnit();
+    if (m == null && p == null) {
+      err.println("Error: the IDL file does not contain a schema nor a protocol.");
+      return 1;
+    }
     try {
-      parseOut.print(p.toString(true));
+      parseOut.print(m == null ? p.toString(true) : m.toString(true));
     } finally {
       if (parseOut != out) // Close only the newly created FileOutputStream
         parseOut.close();
@@ -68,6 +93,14 @@ public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> ar
     return 0;
   }
 
+  private String getArg(List<String> args, int index, String defaultValue) {
+    if (index < args.size()) {
+      return args.get(index);
+    } else {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+
   @Override
   public String getName() {
     return "idl";
@@ -75,6 +108,6 @@ public String getName() {
 
   @Override
   public String getShortDescription() {
-    return "Generates a JSON schema from an Avro IDL file";
+    return "Generates a JSON schema or protocol from an Avro IDL file";
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/SpecificCompilerTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/SpecificCompilerTool.java
index 04eb5466bac..d82929e940f 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/SpecificCompilerTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/main/java/org/apache/avro/tool/SpecificCompilerTool.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> or
     if (origArgs.size() < 3) {
       System.err
           .println("Usage: [-encoding <outputencoding>] [-string] [-bigDecimal] [-fieldVisibility <visibilityType>] "
-              + "[-noSetters] [-addExtraOptionalGetters] [-optionalGetters <optionalGettersType>] "
+              + "[-noSetters] [-nullSafeAnnotations] [-addExtraOptionalGetters] [-optionalGetters <optionalGettersType>] "
               + "[-templateDir <templateDir>] (schema|protocol) input... outputdir");
       System.err.println(" input - input files or directories");
       System.err.println(" outputdir - directory to write generated java");
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> or
       System.err.println(" -string - use java.lang.String instead of Utf8");
       System.err.println(" -fieldVisibility [private|public] - use either and default private");
       System.err.println(" -noSetters - do not generate setters");
+      System.err.println(" -nullSafeAnnotations - add @Nullable and @NotNull annotations");
       System.err
           .println(" -addExtraOptionalGetters - generate extra getters with this format: 'getOptional<FieldName>'");
       System.err.println(
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> or
     compilerOpts.stringType = StringType.CharSequence;
     compilerOpts.useLogicalDecimal = false;
     compilerOpts.createSetters = true;
+    compilerOpts.createNullSafeAnnotations = false;
     compilerOpts.optionalGettersType = Optional.empty();
     compilerOpts.addExtraOptionalGetters = false;
     compilerOpts.encoding = Optional.empty();
@@ -85,6 +87,11 @@ public int run(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, List<String> or
       args.remove(args.indexOf("-noSetters"));
     }
 
+    if (args.contains("-nullSafeAnnotations")) {
+      compilerOpts.createNullSafeAnnotations = true;
+      args.remove(args.indexOf("-nullSafeAnnotations"));
+    }
+
     if (args.contains("-addExtraOptionalGetters")) {
       compilerOpts.addExtraOptionalGetters = true;
       args.remove(args.indexOf("-addExtraOptionalGetters"));
@@ -172,6 +179,7 @@ private void executeCompiler(SpecificCompiler compiler, CompilerOptions opts, Fi
       throws IOException {
     compiler.setStringType(opts.stringType);
     compiler.setCreateSetters(opts.createSetters);
+    compiler.setCreateNullSafeAnnotations(opts.createNullSafeAnnotations);
 
     opts.optionalGettersType.ifPresent(choice -> {
       compiler.setGettersReturnOptional(true);
@@ -267,6 +275,7 @@ private static class CompilerOptions {
     Optional<FieldVisibility> fieldVisibility;
     boolean useLogicalDecimal;
     boolean createSetters;
+    boolean createNullSafeAnnotations;
     boolean addExtraOptionalGetters;
     Optional<OptionalGettersType> optionalGettersType;
     Optional<String> templateDir;
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/nullsafeannotationsfieldstest.avsc b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/nullsafeannotationsfieldstest.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04ef43e34ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/nullsafeannotationsfieldstest.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{"type":"record", "name":"NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest", "namespace": "avro.examples.baseball", "doc":"Test that @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable and @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull annotations are created for all fields",
+  "fields": [
+    {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
+    {"name": "nullable_name",  "type": ["string", "null"]},
+    {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": "int"},
+    {"name": "nullable_favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]}
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/optionalgettersnullablefieldstest.avsc b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/optionalgettersnullablefieldstest.avsc
index 80ab1c67f98..65e21fe805e 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/optionalgettersnullablefieldstest.avsc
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/input/optionalgettersnullablefieldstest.avsc
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
     {"name": "nullable_name",  "type": ["string", "null"]},
     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int"]},
-    {"name": "nullable_favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]}
+    {"name": "nullable_favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]},
+    {"name": "nullable_array", "type": [{ "type": "array",  "items": "string" }, "null"]}
   ]
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java
index e280704ec5e..8e567f6de7e 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -28,10 +27,10 @@ public class FieldTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase imple
   }
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<FieldTest> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<FieldTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<FieldTest> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<FieldTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<FieldTest> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<FieldTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<FieldTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -111,9 +110,14 @@ public FieldTest(java.lang.Integer number, java.lang.String last_name, java.time
     this.timeMicros = timeMicros.truncatedTo(java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MICROS);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return number;
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@ public org.apache.avro.Conversion<?> getConversion(int field) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1da1fcde0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/**
+ * Autogenerated by Avro
+ *
+ * DO NOT EDIT DIRECTLY
+ */
+package avro.examples.baseball;
+
+import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
+import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageDecoder;
+import org.apache.avro.message.SchemaStore;
+
+/** Test that @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable and @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull annotations are created for all fields */
+@org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
+public class NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase implements org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecord {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 2020521726426674816L;
+
+
+  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest\",\"namespace\":\"avro.examples.baseball\",\"doc\":\"Test that @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable and @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull annotations are created for all fields\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"}},{\"name\":\"nullable_name\",\"type\":[{\"type\":\"string\",\"avro.java.string\":\"String\"},\"null\"]},{\"name\":\"favorite_number\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"nullable_favorite_number\",\"type\":[\"int\",\"null\"]}]}");
+  public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
+  private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> ENCODER =
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+
+  private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> DECODER =
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
+   * @return the message encoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageEncoder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> getEncoder() {
+    return ENCODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the BinaryMessageDecoder instance used by this class.
+   * @return the message decoder used by this class
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> getDecoder() {
+    return DECODER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class that uses the specified {@link SchemaStore}.
+   * @param resolver a {@link SchemaStore} used to find schemas by fingerprint
+   * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
+   */
+  public static BinaryMessageDecoder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes this NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest to a ByteBuffer.
+   * @return a buffer holding the serialized data for this instance
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if this instance could not be serialized
+   */
+  public java.nio.ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() throws java.io.IOException {
+    return ENCODER.encode(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deserializes a NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest from a ByteBuffer.
+   * @param b a byte buffer holding serialized data for an instance of this class
+   * @return a NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest instance decoded from the given buffer
+   * @throws java.io.IOException if the given bytes could not be deserialized into an instance of this class
+   */
+  public static NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest fromByteBuffer(
+      java.nio.ByteBuffer b) throws java.io.IOException {
+    return DECODER.decode(b);
+  }
+
+  private java.lang.String name;
+  private java.lang.String nullable_name;
+  private int favorite_number;
+  private java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor.  Note that this does not initialize fields
+   * to their default values from the schema.  If that is desired then
+   * one should use <code>newBuilder()</code>.
+   */
+  public NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest() {}
+
+  /**
+   * All-args constructor.
+   * @param name The new value for name
+   * @param nullable_name The new value for nullable_name
+   * @param favorite_number The new value for favorite_number
+   * @param nullable_favorite_number The new value for nullable_favorite_number
+   */
+  public NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest(@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull java.lang.String name, @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.String nullable_name, @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull java.lang.Integer favorite_number, @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this.nullable_name = nullable_name;
+    this.favorite_number = favorite_number;
+    this.nullable_favorite_number = nullable_favorite_number;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
+  public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
+  // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0: return name;
+    case 1: return nullable_name;
+    case 2: return favorite_number;
+    case 3: return nullable_favorite_number;
+    default: throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
+  public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
+    switch (field$) {
+    case 0: name = value$ != null ? value$.toString() : null; break;
+    case 1: nullable_name = value$ != null ? value$.toString() : null; break;
+    case 2: favorite_number = (java.lang.Integer)value$; break;
+    case 3: nullable_favorite_number = (java.lang.Integer)value$; break;
+    default: throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'name' field.
+   * @return The value of the 'name' field.
+   */
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull
+  public java.lang.String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'name' field.
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setName(@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull java.lang.String value) {
+    this.name = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+   * @return The value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+   */
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable
+  public java.lang.String getNullableName() {
+    return nullable_name;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setNullableName(@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.String value) {
+    this.nullable_name = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+   * @return The value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+   */
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull
+  public int getFavoriteNumber() {
+    return favorite_number;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setFavoriteNumber(@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull int value) {
+    this.favorite_number = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+   * @return The value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+   */
+  @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable
+  public java.lang.Integer getNullableFavoriteNumber() {
+    return nullable_favorite_number;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setNullableFavoriteNumber(@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.Integer value) {
+    this.nullable_favorite_number = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder.
+   * @return A new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder by copying an existing Builder.
+   * @param other The existing builder to copy.
+   * @return A new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder newBuilder(avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder by copying an existing NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest instance.
+   * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+   * @return A new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest RecordBuilder
+   */
+  public static avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder newBuilder(avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      return new avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder();
+    } else {
+      return new avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * RecordBuilder for NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest instances.
+   */
+  @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
+  public static class Builder extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBuilderBase<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest>
+    implements org.apache.avro.data.RecordBuilder<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest> {
+
+    private java.lang.String name;
+    private java.lang.String nullable_name;
+    private int favorite_number;
+    private java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number;
+
+    /** Creates a new Builder */
+    private Builder() {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing Builder.
+     * @param other The existing Builder to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder other) {
+      super(other);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.name)) {
+        this.name = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.name);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = other.fieldSetFlags()[0];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[1], other.nullable_name)) {
+        this.nullable_name = data().deepCopy(fields()[1].schema(), other.nullable_name);
+        fieldSetFlags()[1] = other.fieldSetFlags()[1];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[2], other.favorite_number)) {
+        this.favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[2].schema(), other.favorite_number);
+        fieldSetFlags()[2] = other.fieldSetFlags()[2];
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[3], other.nullable_favorite_number)) {
+        this.nullable_favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nullable_favorite_number);
+        fieldSetFlags()[3] = other.fieldSetFlags()[3];
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Builder by copying an existing NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest instance
+     * @param other The existing instance to copy.
+     */
+    private Builder(avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest other) {
+      super(SCHEMA$, MODEL$);
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[0], other.name)) {
+        this.name = data().deepCopy(fields()[0].schema(), other.name);
+        fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[1], other.nullable_name)) {
+        this.nullable_name = data().deepCopy(fields()[1].schema(), other.nullable_name);
+        fieldSetFlags()[1] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[2], other.favorite_number)) {
+        this.favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[2].schema(), other.favorite_number);
+        fieldSetFlags()[2] = true;
+      }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[3], other.nullable_favorite_number)) {
+        this.nullable_favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nullable_favorite_number);
+        fieldSetFlags()[3] = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Gets the value of the 'name' field.
+      * @return The value.
+      */
+    public java.lang.String getName() {
+      return name;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Sets the value of the 'name' field.
+      * @param value The value of 'name'.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder setName(@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull java.lang.String value) {
+      validate(fields()[0], value);
+      this.name = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Checks whether the 'name' field has been set.
+      * @return True if the 'name' field has been set, false otherwise.
+      */
+    public boolean hasName() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[0];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Clears the value of the 'name' field.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder clearName() {
+      name = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[0] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Gets the value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+      * @return The value.
+      */
+    public java.lang.String getNullableName() {
+      return nullable_name;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Sets the value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+      * @param value The value of 'nullable_name'.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder setNullableName(@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.String value) {
+      validate(fields()[1], value);
+      this.nullable_name = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[1] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Checks whether the 'nullable_name' field has been set.
+      * @return True if the 'nullable_name' field has been set, false otherwise.
+      */
+    public boolean hasNullableName() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[1];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Clears the value of the 'nullable_name' field.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder clearNullableName() {
+      nullable_name = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[1] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Gets the value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+      * @return The value.
+      */
+    public int getFavoriteNumber() {
+      return favorite_number;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Sets the value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+      * @param value The value of 'favorite_number'.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder setFavoriteNumber(@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull int value) {
+      validate(fields()[2], value);
+      this.favorite_number = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[2] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Checks whether the 'favorite_number' field has been set.
+      * @return True if the 'favorite_number' field has been set, false otherwise.
+      */
+    public boolean hasFavoriteNumber() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[2];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Clears the value of the 'favorite_number' field.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder clearFavoriteNumber() {
+      fieldSetFlags()[2] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Gets the value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+      * @return The value.
+      */
+    public java.lang.Integer getNullableFavoriteNumber() {
+      return nullable_favorite_number;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Sets the value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+      * @param value The value of 'nullable_favorite_number'.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder setNullableFavoriteNumber(@org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable java.lang.Integer value) {
+      validate(fields()[3], value);
+      this.nullable_favorite_number = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[3] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Checks whether the 'nullable_favorite_number' field has been set.
+      * @return True if the 'nullable_favorite_number' field has been set, false otherwise.
+      */
+    public boolean hasNullableFavoriteNumber() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[3];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Clears the value of the 'nullable_favorite_number' field.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.Builder clearNullableFavoriteNumber() {
+      nullable_favorite_number = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[3] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest build() {
+      try {
+        NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest record = new NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest();
+        record.name = fieldSetFlags()[0] ? this.name : (java.lang.String) defaultValue(fields()[0]);
+        record.nullable_name = fieldSetFlags()[1] ? this.nullable_name : (java.lang.String) defaultValue(fields()[1]);
+        record.favorite_number = fieldSetFlags()[2] ? this.favorite_number : (java.lang.Integer) defaultValue(fields()[2]);
+        record.nullable_favorite_number = fieldSetFlags()[3] ? this.nullable_favorite_number : (java.lang.Integer) defaultValue(fields()[3]);
+        return record;
+      } catch (org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
+        throw new org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest>
+    WRITER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest>)MODEL$.createDatumWriter(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override public void writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput out)
+    throws java.io.IOException {
+    WRITER$.write(this, SpecificData.getEncoder(out));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static final org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest>
+    READER$ = (org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader<NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest>)MODEL$.createDatumReader(SCHEMA$);
+
+  @Override public void readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput in)
+    throws java.io.IOException {
+    READER$.read(this, SpecificData.getDecoder(in));
+  }
+
+  @Override protected boolean hasCustomCoders() { return true; }
+
+  @Override public void customEncode(org.apache.avro.io.Encoder out)
+    throws java.io.IOException
+  {
+    out.writeString(this.name);
+
+    if (this.nullable_name == null) {
+      out.writeIndex(1);
+      out.writeNull();
+    } else {
+      out.writeIndex(0);
+      out.writeString(this.nullable_name);
+    }
+
+    out.writeInt(this.favorite_number);
+
+    if (this.nullable_favorite_number == null) {
+      out.writeIndex(1);
+      out.writeNull();
+    } else {
+      out.writeIndex(0);
+      out.writeInt(this.nullable_favorite_number);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override public void customDecode(org.apache.avro.io.ResolvingDecoder in)
+    throws java.io.IOException
+  {
+    org.apache.avro.Schema.Field[] fieldOrder = in.readFieldOrderIfDiff();
+    if (fieldOrder == null) {
+      this.name = in.readString();
+
+      if (in.readIndex() != 0) {
+        in.readNull();
+        this.nullable_name = null;
+      } else {
+        this.nullable_name = in.readString();
+      }
+
+      this.favorite_number = in.readInt();
+
+      if (in.readIndex() != 0) {
+        in.readNull();
+        this.nullable_favorite_number = null;
+      } else {
+        this.nullable_favorite_number = in.readInt();
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        switch (fieldOrder[i].pos()) {
+        case 0:
+          this.name = in.readString();
+          break;
+
+        case 1:
+          if (in.readIndex() != 0) {
+            in.readNull();
+            this.nullable_name = null;
+          } else {
+            this.nullable_name = in.readString();
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 2:
+          this.favorite_number = in.readInt();
+          break;
+
+        case 3:
+          if (in.readIndex() != 0) {
+            in.readNull();
+            this.nullable_favorite_number = null;
+          } else {
+            this.nullable_favorite_number = in.readInt();
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          throw new java.io.IOException("Corrupt ResolvingDecoder.");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Player.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Player.java
index 09180cdae5e..c472f589565 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Player.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Player.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public class Player extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase implemen
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<Player> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -99,9 +98,14 @@ public Player(java.lang.Integer number, java.lang.String first_name, java.lang.S
     this.position = position;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return number;
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Position.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Position.java
index a4504bbc4c9..3e6abc502ae 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Position.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Position.java
@@ -9,5 +9,7 @@ public enum Position implements org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol<Positi
   P, C, B1, B2, B3, SS, LF, CF, RF, DH  ;
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Position\",\"namespace\":\"avro.examples.baseball\",\"symbols\":[\"P\",\"C\",\"B1\",\"B2\",\"B3\",\"SS\",\"LF\",\"CF\",\"RF\",\"DH\"]}");
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/AddExtraOptionalGettersTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/AddExtraOptionalGettersTest.java
index 1a06d365e9e..0d5fd94ea73 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/AddExtraOptionalGettersTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/AddExtraOptionalGettersTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public class AddExtraOptionalGettersTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.Specif
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<AddExtraOptionalGettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -92,9 +91,14 @@ public AddExtraOptionalGettersTest(java.lang.CharSequence name, java.lang.Intege
     this.favorite_number = favorite_number;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return name;
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/NoSettersTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/NoSettersTest.java
index 60f2fc5fd3c..4f6914dcff0 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/NoSettersTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/NoSettersTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public class NoSettersTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase i
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<NoSettersTest> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<NoSettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<NoSettersTest> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<NoSettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<NoSettersTest> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<NoSettersTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<NoSettersTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -92,9 +91,14 @@ public NoSettersTest(java.lang.CharSequence name, java.lang.Integer favorite_num
     this.favorite_number = favorite_number;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return name;
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest.java
index 35345583e6b..10453c307e5 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public class OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.Speci
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -98,9 +97,14 @@ public OptionalGettersAllFieldsTest(java.lang.CharSequence name, java.lang.CharS
     this.nullable_favorite_number = nullable_favorite_number;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return name;
@@ -112,6 +116,7 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.java
index 3e47389648d..aa55db60075 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -15,17 +14,19 @@
 /** Test that optional getters are created only for nullable fields */
 @org.apache.avro.specific.AvroGenerated
 public class OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase implements org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecord {
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 7830366875847294825L;
-  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest\",\"namespace\":\"avro.examples.baseball\",\"doc\":\"Test that optional getters are created only for nullable fields\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"nullable_name\",\"type\":[\"string\",\"null\"]},{\"name\":\"favorite_number\",\"type\":[\"int\"]},{\"name\":\"nullable_favorite_number\",\"type\":[\"int\",\"null\"]}]}");
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -6919829133416680993L;
+
+
+  public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest\",\"namespace\":\"avro.examples.baseball\",\"doc\":\"Test that optional getters are created only for nullable fields\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"name\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"nullable_name\",\"type\":[\"string\",\"null\"]},{\"name\":\"favorite_number\",\"type\":[\"int\"]},{\"name\":\"nullable_favorite_number\",\"type\":[\"int\",\"null\"]},{\"name\":\"nullable_array\",\"type\":[{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"string\"},\"null\"]}]}");
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
 
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest> getDecoder
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ public static OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest fromByteBuffer(
   private java.lang.CharSequence nullable_name;
   private java.lang.Object favorite_number;
   private java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number;
+  private java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> nullable_array;
 
   /**
    * Default constructor.  Note that this does not initialize fields
@@ -90,28 +92,37 @@ public OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest() {}
    * @param nullable_name The new value for nullable_name
    * @param favorite_number The new value for favorite_number
    * @param nullable_favorite_number The new value for nullable_favorite_number
+   * @param nullable_array The new value for nullable_array
    */
-  public OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest(java.lang.CharSequence name, java.lang.CharSequence nullable_name, java.lang.Object favorite_number, java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number) {
+  public OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest(java.lang.CharSequence name, java.lang.CharSequence nullable_name, java.lang.Object favorite_number, java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number, java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> nullable_array) {
     this.name = name;
     this.nullable_name = nullable_name;
     this.favorite_number = favorite_number;
     this.nullable_favorite_number = nullable_favorite_number;
+    this.nullable_array = nullable_array;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return name;
     case 1: return nullable_name;
     case 2: return favorite_number;
     case 3: return nullable_favorite_number;
+    case 4: return nullable_array;
     default: throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
     }
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
@@ -119,6 +130,7 @@ public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     case 1: nullable_name = (java.lang.CharSequence)value$; break;
     case 2: favorite_number = value$; break;
     case 3: nullable_favorite_number = (java.lang.Integer)value$; break;
+    case 4: nullable_array = (java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence>)value$; break;
     default: throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid index: " + field$);
     }
   }
@@ -191,6 +203,23 @@ public void setNullableFavoriteNumber(java.lang.Integer value) {
     this.nullable_favorite_number = value;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of the 'nullable_array' field as an Optional&lt;java.util.List&lt;java.lang.CharSequence&gt;&gt;.
+   * @return The value wrapped in an Optional&lt;java.util.List&lt;java.lang.CharSequence&gt;&gt;.
+   */
+  public Optional<java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence>> getNullableArray() {
+    return Optional.<java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence>>ofNullable(nullable_array);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the 'nullable_array' field.
+   * @param value the value to set.
+   */
+  public void setNullableArray(java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> value) {
+    this.nullable_array = value;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates a new OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest RecordBuilder.
    * @return A new OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest RecordBuilder
@@ -236,6 +265,7 @@ public static class Builder extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBuild
     private java.lang.CharSequence nullable_name;
     private java.lang.Object favorite_number;
     private java.lang.Integer nullable_favorite_number;
+    private java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> nullable_array;
 
     /** Creates a new Builder */
     private Builder() {
@@ -264,6 +294,10 @@ private Builder(avro.examples.baseball.OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.Builder
         this.nullable_favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nullable_favorite_number);
         fieldSetFlags()[3] = other.fieldSetFlags()[3];
       }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[4], other.nullable_array)) {
+        this.nullable_array = data().deepCopy(fields()[4].schema(), other.nullable_array);
+        fieldSetFlags()[4] = other.fieldSetFlags()[4];
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -288,6 +322,10 @@ private Builder(avro.examples.baseball.OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest other)
         this.nullable_favorite_number = data().deepCopy(fields()[3].schema(), other.nullable_favorite_number);
         fieldSetFlags()[3] = true;
       }
+      if (isValidValue(fields()[4], other.nullable_array)) {
+        this.nullable_array = data().deepCopy(fields()[4].schema(), other.nullable_array);
+        fieldSetFlags()[4] = true;
+      }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -450,6 +488,46 @@ public avro.examples.baseball.OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.Builder clearNul
       return this;
     }
 
+    /**
+      * Gets the value of the 'nullable_array' field.
+      * @return The value.
+      */
+    public java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> getNullableArray() {
+      return nullable_array;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Sets the value of the 'nullable_array' field.
+      * @param value The value of 'nullable_array'.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.Builder setNullableArray(java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence> value) {
+      validate(fields()[4], value);
+      this.nullable_array = value;
+      fieldSetFlags()[4] = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Checks whether the 'nullable_array' field has been set.
+      * @return True if the 'nullable_array' field has been set, false otherwise.
+      */
+    public boolean hasNullableArray() {
+      return fieldSetFlags()[4];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+      * Clears the value of the 'nullable_array' field.
+      * @return This builder.
+      */
+    public avro.examples.baseball.OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest.Builder clearNullableArray() {
+      nullable_array = null;
+      fieldSetFlags()[4] = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest build() {
@@ -459,6 +537,7 @@ public OptionalGettersNullableFieldsTest build() {
         record.nullable_name = fieldSetFlags()[1] ? this.nullable_name : (java.lang.CharSequence) defaultValue(fields()[1]);
         record.favorite_number = fieldSetFlags()[2] ? this.favorite_number :  defaultValue(fields()[2]);
         record.nullable_favorite_number = fieldSetFlags()[3] ? this.nullable_favorite_number : (java.lang.Integer) defaultValue(fields()[3]);
+        record.nullable_array = fieldSetFlags()[4] ? this.nullable_array : (java.util.List<java.lang.CharSequence>) defaultValue(fields()[4]);
         return record;
       } catch (org.apache.avro.AvroMissingFieldException e) {
         throw e;
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Player.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Player.java
index a7890f7cec7..3fbfd1cfe88 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Player.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Player.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  */
 package avro.examples.baseball;
 
-import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.avro.message.BinaryMessageEncoder;
@@ -22,10 +21,10 @@ public class Player extends org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase implemen
   private static final SpecificData MODEL$ = new SpecificData();
 
   private static final BinaryMessageEncoder<Player> ENCODER =
-      new BinaryMessageEncoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageEncoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   private static final BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> DECODER =
-      new BinaryMessageDecoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
+      new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$);
 
   /**
    * Return the BinaryMessageEncoder instance used by this class.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ public static BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> getDecoder() {
    * @return a BinaryMessageDecoder instance for this class backed by the given SchemaStore
    */
   public static BinaryMessageDecoder<Player> createDecoder(SchemaStore resolver) {
-    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<Player>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
+    return new BinaryMessageDecoder<>(MODEL$, SCHEMA$, resolver);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -99,9 +98,14 @@ public Player(java.lang.Integer number, java.lang.CharSequence first_name, java.
     this.position = position;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificData getSpecificData() { return MODEL$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
   // Used by DatumWriter.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
     switch (field$) {
     case 0: return number;
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ public java.lang.Object get(int field$) {
   }
 
   // Used by DatumReader.  Applications should not call.
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings(value="unchecked")
   public void put(int field$, java.lang.Object value$) {
     switch (field$) {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Position.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Position.java
index a4504bbc4c9..3e6abc502ae 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Position.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output/Position.java
@@ -9,5 +9,7 @@ public enum Position implements org.apache.avro.generic.GenericEnumSymbol<Positi
   P, C, B1, B2, B3, SS, LF, CF, RF, DH  ;
   public static final org.apache.avro.Schema SCHEMA$ = new org.apache.avro.Schema.Parser().parse("{\"type\":\"enum\",\"name\":\"Position\",\"namespace\":\"avro.examples.baseball\",\"symbols\":[\"P\",\"C\",\"B1\",\"B2\",\"B3\",\"SS\",\"LF\",\"CF\",\"RF\",\"DH\"]}");
   public static org.apache.avro.Schema getClassSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
+
+  @Override
   public org.apache.avro.Schema getSchema() { return SCHEMA$; }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avdl b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avdl
index 89fbb2494bb..2de089701bc 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avdl
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avdl
@@ -32,11 +32,9 @@ protocol Simple {
   fixed MD5(16);
 
   record TestRecord {
-    @order("ignore")
-    string name;
+    string @order("ignore") name;
 
-    @order("descending")
-    Kind kind;
+    Kind @order("descending") kind;
 
     MD5 hash;
 
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avpr b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avpr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1070c65dab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/protocol.avpr
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "protocol" : "Simple",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.test",
+  "doc" : "An example protocol in Avro IDL",
+  "types" : [ {
+    "type" : "enum",
+    "name" : "Kind",
+    "symbols" : [ "FOO", "BAR", "BAZ" ],
+    "aliases" : [ "org.foo.KindOf" ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "fixed",
+    "name" : "MD5",
+    "size" : 16
+  }, {
+    "type" : "record",
+    "name" : "TestRecord",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "name",
+      "type" : "string",
+      "order" : "ignore"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "kind",
+      "type" : "Kind",
+      "order" : "descending"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "hash",
+      "type" : "MD5"
+    }, {
+      "name" : "nullableHash",
+      "type" : [ "MD5", "null" ],
+      "aliases" : [ "hash" ]
+    }, {
+      "name" : "arrayOfLongs",
+      "type" : {
+        "type" : "array",
+        "items" : "long"
+      }
+    } ]
+  }, {
+    "type" : "error",
+    "name" : "TestError",
+    "fields" : [ {
+      "name" : "message",
+      "type" : "string"
+    } ]
+  } ],
+  "messages" : {
+    "hello" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "greeting",
+        "type" : "string"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "string"
+    },
+    "echo" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "record",
+        "type" : "TestRecord"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "TestRecord"
+    },
+    "add" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "arg1",
+        "type" : "int"
+      }, {
+        "name" : "arg2",
+        "type" : "int"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "int"
+    },
+    "echoBytes" : {
+      "request" : [ {
+        "name" : "data",
+        "type" : "bytes"
+      } ],
+      "response" : "bytes"
+    },
+    "error" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "errors" : [ "TestError" ]
+    },
+    "ping" : {
+      "request" : [ ],
+      "response" : "null",
+      "one-way" : true
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avdl b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avdl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..312bd5d9ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avdl
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+namespace org.apache.avro.test;
+schema TestRecord;
+
+record TestRecord {
+	string @order("ignore") name;
+	Kind @order("descending") kind;
+	MD5 hash;
+	MD5? @aliases(["hash"]) nullableHash;
+	array<long> arrayOfLongs;
+}
+
+@aliases(["org.foo.KindOf"])
+enum Kind {
+	FOO,
+	BAR, // the bar enum value
+	BAZ
+}
+
+fixed MD5(16);
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avsc b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa34f5b694b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/idl/schema.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "type" : "record",
+  "name" : "TestRecord",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro.test",
+  "fields" : [ {
+    "name" : "name",
+    "type" : "string",
+    "order" : "ignore"
+  }, {
+    "name" : "kind",
+    "type" : {
+      "type" : "enum",
+      "name" : "Kind",
+      "symbols" : [ "FOO", "BAR", "BAZ" ],
+      "aliases" : [ "org.foo.KindOf" ]
+    },
+    "order" : "descending"
+  }, {
+    "name" : "hash",
+    "type" : {
+      "type" : "fixed",
+      "name" : "MD5",
+      "size" : 16
+    }
+  }, {
+    "name" : "nullableHash",
+    "type" : [ "null", "MD5" ],
+    "aliases" : [ "hash" ]
+  }, {
+    "name" : "arrayOfLongs",
+    "type" : {
+      "type" : "array",
+      "items" : "long"
+    }
+  } ]
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCatTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCatTool.java
index 121a9cf6036..0f79723b01a 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCatTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCatTool.java
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
 import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.rules.TestName;
 
 public class TestCatTool {
@@ -52,8 +53,8 @@ public class TestCatTool {
   @Rule
   public TestName name = new TestName();
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   private static final int ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES = 100000;
   private static final int OFFSET = 1000;
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ record = new GenericData.Record(INTSCHEMA);
   }
 
   private File generateData(String file, Type type, Map<String, String> metadata, CodecFactory codec) throws Exception {
-    File inputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), file);
+    File inputFile = new File(DIR, file);
     inputFile.deleteOnExit();
 
     Schema schema = null;
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ private int numRowsInFile(File output) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCat() throws Exception {
+  void cat() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ public void testCat() throws Exception {
     File input2 = generateData("input2.avro", Type.INT, metadata, SNAPPY);
     File input3 = generateData("input3.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
 
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
 //    file input
@@ -171,12 +172,12 @@ public void testCat() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLimitOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+  void limitOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), "--offset=" + String.valueOf(OFFSET),
@@ -187,12 +188,12 @@ public void testLimitOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSamplerateAccuracy() throws Exception {
+  void samplerateAccuracy() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath(), "--offset", String.valueOf(OFFSET),
@@ -200,18 +201,18 @@ public void testSamplerateAccuracy() throws Exception {
     int returnCode = new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
 
-    assertTrue("Outputsize is not roughly (Inputsize - Offset) * samplerate",
-        (ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES - OFFSET) * SAMPLERATE - numRowsInFile(output) < 2);
-    assertTrue("", (ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES - OFFSET) * SAMPLERATE - numRowsInFile(output) > -2);
+    assertTrue((ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES - OFFSET) * SAMPLERATE - numRowsInFile(output) < 2,
+        "Outputsize is not roughly (Inputsize - Offset) * samplerate");
+    assertTrue((ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES - OFFSET) * SAMPLERATE - numRowsInFile(output) > -2, "");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOffSetAccuracy() throws Exception {
+  void offSetAccuracy() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), "--offset", String.valueOf(OFFSET), "--limit",
@@ -219,32 +220,32 @@ public void testOffSetAccuracy() throws Exception {
         output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
-    assertEquals("output does not start at offset", OFFSET, getFirstIntDatum(output));
+    assertEquals(OFFSET, getFirstIntDatum(output), "output does not start at offset");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOffsetBiggerThanInput() throws Exception {
+  void offsetBiggerThanInput() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), "--offset", String.valueOf(ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES + 1),
         output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
-    assertEquals("output is not empty", 0, numRowsInFile(output));
+    assertEquals(0, numRowsInFile(output), "output is not empty");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSamplerateSmallerThanInput() throws Exception {
+  void samplerateSmallerThanInput() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
     output.deleteOnExit();
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath(),
@@ -252,26 +253,28 @@ public void testSamplerateSmallerThanInput() throws Exception {
     int returnCode = new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
 
-    assertEquals("output should only contain the record at offset", OFFSET, getFirstIntDatum(output));
+    assertEquals(OFFSET, getFirstIntDatum(output), "output should only contain the record at offset");
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IOException.class)
-  public void testDifferentSchemasFail() throws Exception {
-    Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
-    metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
+  @Test
+  void differentSchemasFail() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+      Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
+      metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
-    File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
-    File input2 = generateData("input2.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
+      File input1 = generateData("input1.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
+      File input2 = generateData("input2.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
 
-    File output = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
-    output.deleteOnExit();
+      File output = new File(DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+      output.deleteOnExit();
 
-    List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
-    new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
+      List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
+      new CatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHelpfulMessageWhenNoArgsGiven() throws Exception {
+  void helpfulMessageWhenNoArgsGiven() throws Exception {
     ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
     int returnCode;
     try (PrintStream out = new PrintStream(buffer)) {
@@ -279,6 +282,6 @@ public void testHelpfulMessageWhenNoArgsGiven() throws Exception {
     }
 
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
-    assertTrue("should have lots of help", buffer.toString().trim().length() > 200);
+    assertTrue(buffer.toString().trim().length() > 200, "should have lots of help");
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestConcatTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestConcatTool.java
index f2e93826835..fdc03672b90 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestConcatTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestConcatTool.java
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.rules.TestName;
 
 public class TestConcatTool {
@@ -53,11 +54,11 @@ public class TestConcatTool {
   @Rule
   public TestName name = new TestName();
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   private Object aDatum(Type ofType, int forRow) {
     switch (ofType) {
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ private Object aDatum(Type ofType, int forRow) {
   }
 
   private File generateData(String file, Type type, Map<String, String> metadata, CodecFactory codec) throws Exception {
-    File inputFile = new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), file);
+    File inputFile = new File(INPUT_DIR, file);
     Schema schema = Schema.create(type);
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema))) {
       for (Entry<String, String> metadatum : metadata.entrySet()) {
@@ -107,16 +108,16 @@ private int numRowsInFile(File output) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDirConcat() throws Exception {
+  void dirConcat() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
       generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-" + i + ".avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
     }
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
-    List<String> args = asList(INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
+    List<String> args = asList(INPUT_DIR.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
 
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
@@ -124,33 +125,34 @@ public void testDirConcat() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGlobPatternConcat() throws Exception {
+  void globPatternConcat() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
       generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-" + i + ".avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
     }
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
-    List<String> args = asList(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "/*").getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
+    List<String> args = asList(new File(INPUT_DIR, "/*").getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
 
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
     assertEquals(ROWS_IN_INPUT_FILES * 3, numRowsInFile(output));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = FileNotFoundException.class)
-  public void testFileDoesNotExist() throws Exception {
-    File output = new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+  @Test
+  void fileDoesNotExist() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(FileNotFoundException.class, () -> {
+      File output = new File(INPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
-    List<String> args = asList(new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot(), "/doNotExist").getAbsolutePath(),
-        output.getAbsolutePath());
-    new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
+      List<String> args = asList(new File(INPUT_DIR, "/doNotExist").getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
+      new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testConcat() throws Exception {
+  void concat() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ public void testConcat() throws Exception {
     File input2 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-2.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
     File input3 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-3.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), input3.getAbsolutePath(),
         output.getAbsolutePath());
@@ -170,14 +172,14 @@ public void testConcat() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDifferentSchemasFail() throws Exception {
+  void differentSchemasFail() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-1.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
     File input2 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-2.avro", Type.INT, metadata, DEFLATE);
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ public void testDifferentSchemasFail() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDifferentMetadataFail() throws Exception {
+  void differentMetadataFail() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata1 = new HashMap<>();
     metadata1.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
     Map<String, String> metadata2 = new HashMap<>();
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ public void testDifferentMetadataFail() throws Exception {
     File input1 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-1.avro", Type.STRING, metadata1, DEFLATE);
     File input2 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-2.avro", Type.STRING, metadata2, DEFLATE);
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
@@ -202,14 +204,14 @@ public void testDifferentMetadataFail() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDifferentCodecFail() throws Exception {
+  void differentCodecFail() throws Exception {
     Map<String, String> metadata = new HashMap<>();
     metadata.put("myMetaKey", "myMetaValue");
 
     File input1 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-1.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, DEFLATE);
     File input2 = generateData(name.getMethodName() + "-2.avro", Type.STRING, metadata, CodecFactory.nullCodec());
 
-    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot(), name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
+    File output = new File(OUTPUT_DIR, name.getMethodName() + ".avro");
 
     List<String> args = asList(input1.getAbsolutePath(), input2.getAbsolutePath(), output.getAbsolutePath());
     int returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
@@ -217,13 +219,13 @@ public void testDifferentCodecFail() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testHelpfulMessageWhenNoArgsGiven() throws Exception {
+  void helpfulMessageWhenNoArgsGiven() throws Exception {
     int returnCode;
     try (ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024)) {
       try (PrintStream out = new PrintStream(buffer)) {
         returnCode = new ConcatTool().run(System.in, out, System.err, Collections.emptyList());
       }
-      assertTrue("should have lots of help", buffer.toString().trim().length() > 200);
+      assertTrue(buffer.toString().trim().length() > 200, "should have lots of help");
     }
     assertEquals(0, returnCode);
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCreateRandomFileTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCreateRandomFileTool.java
index e068e100829..c0503862b38 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCreateRandomFileTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestCreateRandomFileTool.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -34,16 +35,19 @@
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
 import org.apache.trevni.TestUtil;
 
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 public class TestCreateRandomFileTool {
   private static final String COUNT = System.getProperty("test.count", "200");
-  private static final File DIR = new File("/tmp");
-  private static final File OUT_FILE = new File(DIR, "random.avro");
+
+  @TempDir
+  private Path dataDir;
   private static final File SCHEMA_FILE = new File("../../../share/test/schemas/weather.avsc");
 
   private final Schema.Parser schemaParser = new Schema.Parser();
@@ -53,13 +57,13 @@ public class TestCreateRandomFileTool {
   private ByteArrayOutputStream out;
   private ByteArrayOutputStream err;
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void before() {
     out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     err = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
   }
 
-  @After
+  @AfterEach
   public void after() throws Exception {
     out.close();
     err.close();
@@ -82,12 +86,13 @@ private int run(List<String> args) throws Exception {
 
   private void check(String... extraArgs) throws Exception {
     ArrayList<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
-    args.addAll(Arrays.asList(OUT_FILE.toString(), "--count", COUNT, "--schema-file", SCHEMA_FILE.toString(), "--seed",
+    File outFile = dataDir.resolve("random.avro").toFile();
+    args.addAll(Arrays.asList(outFile.toString(), "--count", COUNT, "--schema-file", SCHEMA_FILE.toString(), "--seed",
         Long.toString(SEED)));
     args.addAll(Arrays.asList(extraArgs));
     run(args);
 
-    DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(OUT_FILE, new GenericDatumReader<>());
+    DataFileReader<Object> reader = new DataFileReader<>(outFile, new GenericDatumReader<>());
 
     Iterator<Object> found = reader.iterator();
     for (Object expected : new RandomData(schemaParser.parse(SCHEMA_FILE), Integer.parseInt(COUNT), SEED))
@@ -98,30 +103,31 @@ private void check(String... extraArgs) throws Exception {
 
   private void checkMissingCount(String... extraArgs) throws Exception {
     ArrayList<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+    File outFile = dataDir.resolve("random.avro").toFile();
     args.addAll(
-        Arrays.asList(OUT_FILE.toString(), "--schema-file", SCHEMA_FILE.toString(), "--seed", Long.toString(SEED)));
+        Arrays.asList(outFile.toString(), "--schema-file", SCHEMA_FILE.toString(), "--seed", Long.toString(SEED)));
     args.addAll(Arrays.asList(extraArgs));
     run(args);
     assertTrue(err.toString().contains("Need count (--count)"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimple() throws Exception {
+  void simple() throws Exception {
     check();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCodec() throws Exception {
+  void codec() throws Exception {
     check("--codec", "snappy");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMissingCountParameter() throws Exception {
+  void missingCountParameter() throws Exception {
     checkMissingCount();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testStdOut() throws Exception {
+  void stdOut() throws Exception {
     TestUtil.resetRandomSeed();
     run(Arrays.asList("-", "--count", COUNT, "--schema-file", SCHEMA_FILE.toString(), "--seed", Long.toString(SEED)));
 
@@ -137,7 +143,7 @@ public void testStdOut() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultCodec() throws Exception {
+  void defaultCodec() throws Exception {
     // The default codec for random is deflate
     run(Collections.emptyList());
     assertTrue(err.toString().contains("Compression codec (default: deflate)"));
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileRepairTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileRepairTool.java
index 959c52e73d1..0e24b8915f0 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileRepairTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileRepairTool.java
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
@@ -36,16 +36,15 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryData;
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.ClassRule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestDataFileRepairTool {
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File DIR;
 
   private static final Schema SCHEMA = Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING);
   private static File corruptBlockFile;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ public class TestDataFileRepairTool {
 
   private File repairedFile;
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void writeCorruptFile() throws IOException {
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     long pos;
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ public static void writeCorruptFile() throws IOException {
     System.arraycopy(original, corruptPosition, corrupted, corruptPosition + corruptedBytes,
         original.length - corruptPosition);
 
-    corruptBlockFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "corruptBlock.avro");
+    corruptBlockFile = new File(DIR, "corruptBlock.avro");
     corruptBlockFile.deleteOnExit();
     try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(corruptBlockFile)) {
       out.write(corrupted);
@@ -95,16 +94,16 @@ public static void writeCorruptFile() throws IOException {
     System.arraycopy(original, 0, corrupted, 0, original.length);
     BinaryData.encodeLong(-1, corrupted, corruptPosition);
 
-    corruptRecordFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "corruptRecord.avro");
+    corruptRecordFile = new File(DIR, "corruptRecord.avro");
     corruptRecordFile.deleteOnExit();
     try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(corruptRecordFile)) {
       out.write(corrupted);
     }
   }
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
-    repairedFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "repaired.avro");
+    repairedFile = new File(DIR, "repaired.avro");
   }
 
   private String run(Tool tool, String... args) throws Exception {
@@ -119,69 +118,69 @@ private String run(Tool tool, InputStream stdin, String... args) throws Exceptio
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReportCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
+  void reportCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "report", corruptBlockFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"), output);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReportCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
+  void reportCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "report", corruptRecordFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"), output);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairAllCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
+  void repairAllCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "all", corruptBlockFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "apple", "banana", "celery", "guava", "hazelnut");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairAllCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
+  void repairAllCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "all", corruptRecordFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "apple", "banana", "celery", "date", "guava", "hazelnut");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairPriorCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
+  void repairPriorCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "prior", corruptBlockFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "apple", "banana", "celery");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairPriorCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
+  void repairPriorCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "prior", corruptRecordFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "apple", "banana", "celery", "date");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairAfterCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
+  void repairAfterCorruptBlock() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "after", corruptBlockFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 2 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 5 Number of corrupt records: 0"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "guava", "hazelnut");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRepairAfterCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
+  void repairAfterCorruptRecord() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileRepairTool(), "-o", "after", corruptRecordFile.getPath(), repairedFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of blocks: 3 Number of corrupt blocks: 1"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains("Number of records: 8 Number of corrupt records: 2"), output);
     checkFileContains(repairedFile, "guava", "hazelnut");
   }
 
   private void checkFileContains(File repairedFile, String... lines) throws IOException {
-    DataFileReader r = new DataFileReader<>(repairedFile, new GenericDatumReader<>(SCHEMA));
+    DataFileReader<Object> r = new DataFileReader<>(repairedFile, new GenericDatumReader<>(SCHEMA));
     for (String line : lines) {
       assertEquals(line, r.next().toString());
     }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileTools.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileTools.java
index 7f694c88a59..1935b5c285d 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileTools.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestDataFileTools.java
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
@@ -42,10 +43,9 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.ClassRule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class TestDataFileTools {
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ public class TestDataFileTools {
   private static final String KEY_NEEDING_ESCAPES = "trn\\\r\t\n";
   private static final String ESCAPED_KEY = "trn\\\\\\r\\t\\n";
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File DIR;
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void writeSampleFile() throws IOException {
-    sampleFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), TestDataFileTools.class.getName() + ".avro");
+    sampleFile = new File(DIR, TestDataFileTools.class.getName() + ".avro");
     schema = Schema.create(Type.INT);
-    schemaFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "schema-temp.schema");
+    schemaFile = new File(DIR, "schema-temp.schema");
     try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(schemaFile)) {
       fw.append(schema.toString());
     }
@@ -99,35 +99,37 @@ private String run(Tool tool, InputStream stdin, String... args) throws Exceptio
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRead() throws Exception {
+  void read() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(jsonData, run(new DataFileReadTool(), sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadStdin() throws Exception {
+  void readStdin() throws Exception {
     FileInputStream stdin = new FileInputStream(sampleFile);
     assertEquals(jsonData, run(new DataFileReadTool(), stdin, "-"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadToJsonPretty() throws Exception {
+  void readToJsonPretty() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(jsonData, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--pretty", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadWithReaderSchema() throws Exception {
+  void readWithReaderSchema() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(jsonData, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--reader-schema", "\"long\"", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroTypeException.class)
-  public void testReadWithIncompatibleReaderSchema() throws Exception {
-    // Fails: an int can't be read as a string.
-    run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--reader-schema", "\"string\"", sampleFile.getPath());
+  @Test
+  void readWithIncompatibleReaderSchema() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroTypeException.class, () -> {
+      // Fails: an int can't be read as a string.
+      run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--reader-schema", "\"string\"", sampleFile.getPath());
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadWithReaderSchemaFile() throws Exception {
-    File readerSchemaFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "reader-schema-temp.schema");
+  void readWithReaderSchemaFile() throws Exception {
+    File readerSchemaFile = new File(DIR, "reader-schema-temp.schema");
     try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(readerSchemaFile)) {
       fw.append("\"long\"");
     }
@@ -136,63 +138,65 @@ public void testReadWithReaderSchemaFile() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadHeadDefaultCount() throws Exception {
+  void readHeadDefaultCount() throws Exception {
     String expectedJson = jsonData.substring(0, 20); // first 10 numbers
     assertEquals(expectedJson, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadHeadEquals3Count() throws Exception {
+  void readHeadEquals3Count() throws Exception {
     String expectedJson = jsonData.substring(0, 6); // first 3 numbers
     assertEquals(expectedJson, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head=3", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadHeadSpace5Count() throws Exception {
+  void readHeadSpace5Count() throws Exception {
     String expectedJson = jsonData.substring(0, 10); // first 5 numbers
     assertEquals(expectedJson, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head", "5", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadHeadLongCount() throws Exception {
+  void readHeadLongCount() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(jsonData, run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head=3000000000", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testReadHeadEqualsZeroCount() throws Exception {
+  void readHeadEqualsZeroCount() throws Exception {
     assertEquals("\n", run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head=0", sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = AvroRuntimeException.class)
-  public void testReadHeadNegativeCount() throws Exception {
-    assertEquals("\n", run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head=-5", sampleFile.getPath()));
+  @Test
+  void readHeadNegativeCount() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(AvroRuntimeException.class, () -> {
+      assertEquals("\n", run(new DataFileReadTool(), "--head=-5", sampleFile.getPath()));
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetMeta() throws Exception {
+  void getMeta() throws Exception {
     String output = run(new DataFileGetMetaTool(), sampleFile.getPath());
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains("avro.schema\t" + schema.toString() + "\n"));
-    assertTrue(output, output.contains(ESCAPED_KEY + "\t\n"));
+    assertTrue(output.contains("avro.schema\t" + schema.toString() + "\n"), output);
+    assertTrue(output.contains(ESCAPED_KEY + "\t\n"), output);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetMetaForSingleKey() throws Exception {
+  void getMetaForSingleKey() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(schema.toString() + "\n",
         run(new DataFileGetMetaTool(), sampleFile.getPath(), "--key", "avro.schema"));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testGetSchema() throws Exception {
+  void getSchema() throws Exception {
     assertEquals(schema.toString() + "\n", run(new DataFileGetSchemaTool(), sampleFile.getPath()));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWriteWithDeflate() throws Exception {
+  void writeWithDeflate() throws Exception {
     testWrite("deflate", Arrays.asList("--codec", "deflate"), "deflate");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWrite() throws Exception {
+  void write() throws Exception {
     testWrite("plain", Collections.emptyList(), "null");
   }
 
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ public void testWrite(String name, List<String> extra, String expectedCodec) thr
   }
 
   public void testWrite(String name, List<String> extra, String expectedCodec, String... extraArgs) throws Exception {
-    File outFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), TestDataFileTools.class + ".testWrite." + name + ".avro");
+    File outFile = new File(DIR, TestDataFileTools.class + ".testWrite." + name + ".avro");
     try (FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(outFile)) {
       try (PrintStream out = new PrintStream(fout)) {
         List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -233,18 +237,20 @@ public void testWrite(String name, List<String> extra, String expectedCodec, Str
     }
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = IOException.class)
-  public void testFailureOnWritingPartialJSONValues() throws Exception {
-    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-    PrintStream out = new PrintStream(baos);
-    new DataFileWriteTool().run(new ByteArrayInputStream("{".getBytes("UTF-8")), new PrintStream(out), // stdout
-        null, // stderr
-        Arrays.asList("-schema", "{ \"type\":\"record\", \"fields\":" + "[{\"name\":\"foo\", \"type\":\"string\"}], "
-            + "\"name\":\"boring\" }", "-"));
+  @Test
+  void failureOnWritingPartialJSONValues() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
+      ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream out = new PrintStream(baos);
+      new DataFileWriteTool().run(new ByteArrayInputStream("{".getBytes("UTF-8")), new PrintStream(out), // stdout
+          null, // stderr
+          Arrays.asList("-schema", "{ \"type\":\"record\", \"fields\":" + "[{\"name\":\"foo\", \"type\":\"string\"}], "
+              + "\"name\":\"boring\" }", "-"));
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testWritingZeroJsonValues() throws Exception {
+  void writingZeroJsonValues() throws Exception {
     File outFile = writeToAvroFile("zerojsonvalues", schema.toString(), "");
     assertEquals(0, countRecords(outFile));
   }
@@ -262,14 +268,14 @@ private int countRecords(File outFile) throws IOException {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDifferentSeparatorsBetweenJsonRecords() throws Exception {
+  void differentSeparatorsBetweenJsonRecords() throws Exception {
     File outFile = writeToAvroFile("separators", "{ \"type\":\"array\", \"items\":\"int\" }",
         "[]    [] []\n[][3]     ");
     assertEquals(5, countRecords(outFile));
   }
 
   public File writeToAvroFile(String testName, String schema, String json) throws Exception {
-    File outFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), TestDataFileTools.class + "." + testName + ".avro");
+    File outFile = new File(DIR, TestDataFileTools.class + "." + testName + ".avro");
     try (FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(outFile)) {
       try (PrintStream out = new PrintStream(fout)) {
         new DataFileWriteTool().run(new ByteArrayInputStream(json.getBytes("UTF-8")), new PrintStream(out), // stdout
@@ -281,7 +287,7 @@ public File writeToAvroFile(String testName, String schema, String json) throws
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultCodec() throws Exception {
+  void defaultCodec() throws Exception {
     // The default codec for fromjson is null
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     PrintStream err = new PrintStream(baos);
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlToSchemataTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlToSchemataTool.java
index b2223c96e10..cc74ba1684a 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlToSchemataTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlToSchemataTool.java
@@ -17,25 +17,74 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestIdlToSchemataTool {
 
   @Test
-  public void testSplitIdlIntoSchemata() throws Exception {
+  void splitIdlIntoSchemata() throws Exception {
     String idl = "src/test/idl/protocol.avdl";
     String outdir = "target/test-split";
 
+    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     List<String> arglist = Arrays.asList(idl, outdir);
-    new IdlToSchemataTool().run(null, null, null, arglist);
+    new IdlToSchemataTool().run(null, null, new PrintStream(buffer), arglist);
 
     String[] files = new File(outdir).list();
     assertEquals(4, files.length);
+
+    String warnings = readPrintStreamBuffer(buffer);
+    assertEquals("Warning: Line 1, char 1: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment."
+        + "\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?", warnings);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSplitIdlIntoSchemataUsingJavaCC() throws Exception {
+    String idl = "src/test/idl/protocol.avdl";
+    String outdir = "target/test-split";
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    List<String> arglist = Arrays.asList("--useJavaCC", idl, outdir);
+    new IdlToSchemataTool().run(null, null, new PrintStream(buffer), arglist);
+
+    String[] files = new File(outdir).list();
+    assertEquals(4, files.length);
+
+    String warnings = readPrintStreamBuffer(buffer);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Warning: Found documentation comment at line 19, column 1. Ignoring previous one at line 1, column 1: "
+            + "\"Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n"
+            + "or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n"
+            + "distributed with this work for additional information\n"
+            + "regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n"
+            + "to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n"
+            + "\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n"
+            + "with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
+            + "\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\n"
+            + "Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
+            + "distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
+            + "WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
+            + "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
+            + "limitations under the License.\"\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?",
+        warnings);
+  }
+
+  private String readPrintStreamBuffer(ByteArrayOutputStream buffer) {
+    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
+        new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer.toByteArray()), Charset.defaultCharset()));
+    return reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlTool.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..136344bc15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestIdlTool.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.avro.tool;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class TestIdlTool {
+  @Test
+  public void testWriteIdlAsSchema() throws Exception {
+    String idl = "src/test/idl/schema.avdl";
+    String protocol = "src/test/idl/schema.avsc";
+    String outfile = "target/test-schema.avsc";
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    List<String> arglist = Arrays.asList(idl, outfile);
+    new IdlTool().run(null, null, new PrintStream(buffer), arglist);
+
+    assertEquals(readFileAsString(protocol), readFileAsString(outfile));
+
+    String warnings = readPrintStreamBuffer(buffer);
+    assertEquals("Warning: Line 1, char 1: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment."
+        + "\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?", warnings);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void writeIdlAsProtocol() throws Exception {
+    String idl = "src/test/idl/protocol.avdl";
+    String protocol = "src/test/idl/protocol.avpr";
+    String outfile = "target/test-protocol.avpr";
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    List<String> arglist = Arrays.asList(idl, outfile);
+    new IdlTool().run(null, null, new PrintStream(buffer), arglist);
+
+    assertEquals(readFileAsString(protocol), readFileAsString(outfile));
+
+    String warnings = readPrintStreamBuffer(buffer);
+    assertEquals("Warning: Line 1, char 1: Ignoring out-of-place documentation comment."
+        + "\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?", warnings);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testWriteIdlAsProtocolUsingJavaCC() throws Exception {
+    String idl = "src/test/idl/protocol.avdl";
+    String protocol = "src/test/idl/protocol.avpr";
+    String outfile = "target/test-protocol.avpr";
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    List<String> arglist = Arrays.asList("--useJavaCC", idl, outfile);
+    new IdlTool().run(null, null, new PrintStream(buffer), arglist);
+
+    assertEquals(readFileAsString(protocol), readFileAsString(outfile));
+
+    String warnings = readPrintStreamBuffer(buffer);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Warning: Found documentation comment at line 19, column 1. Ignoring previous one at line 1, column 1: "
+            + "\"Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n"
+            + "or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file\n"
+            + "distributed with this work for additional information\n"
+            + "regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file\n"
+            + "to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n"
+            + "\"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n"
+            + "with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
+            + "\n    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\n"
+            + "Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
+            + "distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
+            + "WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
+            + "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
+            + "limitations under the License.\"\nDid you mean to use a multiline comment ( /* ... */ ) instead?",
+        warnings);
+  }
+
+  private String readFileAsString(String filePath) throws IOException {
+    try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath))) {
+      return reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String readPrintStreamBuffer(ByteArrayOutputStream buffer) {
+    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
+        new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer.toByteArray()), Charset.defaultCharset()));
+    return reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestJsonToFromBinaryFragmentTools.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestJsonToFromBinaryFragmentTools.java
index ec34dafbe7d..c2d2983250f 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestJsonToFromBinaryFragmentTools.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestJsonToFromBinaryFragmentTools.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 /**
  * Tests both {@link JsonToBinaryFragmentTool} and
@@ -46,47 +45,47 @@ public class TestJsonToFromBinaryFragmentTools {
   private static final String AVRO = "ZLong string implies readable length encoding.";
   private static final String JSON = "\"Long string implies readable length encoding.\"\n";
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   @Test
-  public void testBinaryToJson() throws Exception {
+  void binaryToJson() throws Exception {
     binaryToJson(AVRO, JSON, STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonToBinary() throws Exception {
+  void jsonToBinary() throws Exception {
     jsonToBinary(JSON, AVRO, STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultiBinaryToJson() throws Exception {
+  void multiBinaryToJson() throws Exception {
     binaryToJson(AVRO + AVRO + AVRO, JSON + JSON + JSON, STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultiJsonToBinary() throws Exception {
+  void multiJsonToBinary() throws Exception {
     jsonToBinary(JSON + JSON + JSON, AVRO + AVRO + AVRO, STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBinaryToNoPrettyJson() throws Exception {
+  void binaryToNoPrettyJson() throws Exception {
     binaryToJson(AVRO, JSON, "--no-pretty", STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultiBinaryToNoPrettyJson() throws Exception {
+  void multiBinaryToNoPrettyJson() throws Exception {
     binaryToJson(AVRO + AVRO + AVRO, JSON + JSON + JSON, "--no-pretty", STRING_SCHEMA);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBinaryToJsonSchemaFile() throws Exception {
-    binaryToJson(AVRO, JSON, "--schema-file", schemaFile(DIR.getRoot()));
+  void binaryToJsonSchemaFile() throws Exception {
+    binaryToJson(AVRO, JSON, "--schema-file", schemaFile(DIR));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testJsonToBinarySchemaFile() throws Exception {
-    jsonToBinary(JSON, AVRO, "--schema-file", schemaFile(DIR.getRoot()));
+  void jsonToBinarySchemaFile() throws Exception {
+    jsonToBinary(JSON, AVRO, "--schema-file", schemaFile(DIR));
   }
 
   private void binaryToJson(String avro, String json, String... options) throws Exception {
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestMain.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestMain.java
index adad702a76e..f2202eaeabf 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestMain.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestMain.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestMain {
   /** Make sure that tool descriptions fit in 80 characters. */
   @Test
-  public void testToolDescriptionLength() {
+  void toolDescriptionLength() {
     Main m = new Main();
     for (Tool t : m.tools.values()) {
       // System.out.println(t.getName() + ": " + t.getShortDescription().length());
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public void testToolDescriptionLength() {
    * is too short because they are rebalanced in the CLI.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testToolNameLength() {
+  void toolNameLength() {
     // 13 chosen for backwards compatibility
     final int MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 13;
 
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecodecTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecodecTool.java
index 2ceb8cdf478..939ca769956 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecodecTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecodecTool.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
@@ -31,21 +33,19 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestRecodecTool {
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File DIR;
 
   @Test
-  public void testRecodec() throws Exception {
+  void recodec() throws Exception {
     String metaKey = "myMetaKey";
     String metaValue = "myMetaValue";
 
-    File inputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "input.avro");
+    File inputFile = new File(DIR, "input.avro");
 
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
     DataFileWriter<String> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<String>(schema));
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ public void testRecodec() throws Exception {
     }
     writer.close();
 
-    File defaultOutputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "default-output.avro");
-    File nullOutputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "null-output.avro");
-    File deflateDefaultOutputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "deflate-default-output.avro");
-    File deflate1OutputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "deflate-1-output.avro");
-    File deflate9OutputFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "deflate-9-output.avro");
+    File defaultOutputFile = new File(DIR, "default-output.avro");
+    File nullOutputFile = new File(DIR, "null-output.avro");
+    File deflateDefaultOutputFile = new File(DIR, "deflate-default-output.avro");
+    File deflate1OutputFile = new File(DIR, "deflate-1-output.avro");
+    File deflate9OutputFile = new File(DIR, "deflate-9-output.avro");
 
     new RecodecTool().run(new FileInputStream(inputFile), new PrintStream(defaultOutputFile), null, new ArrayList<>());
     new RecodecTool().run(new FileInputStream(inputFile), new PrintStream(nullOutputFile), null,
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ public void testRecodec() throws Exception {
     // We assume that metadata copying is orthogonal to codec selection, and
     // so only test it for a single file.
     try (DataFileReader<Void> reader = new DataFileReader<Void>(defaultOutputFile, new GenericDatumReader<>())) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(metaValue, reader.getMetaString(metaKey));
+      assertEquals(metaValue, reader.getMetaString(metaKey));
     }
 
     // The "default" codec should be the same as null.
-    Assert.assertEquals(defaultOutputFile.length(), nullOutputFile.length());
+    assertEquals(defaultOutputFile.length(), nullOutputFile.length());
 
     // All of the deflated files should be smaller than the null file.
     assertLessThan(deflateDefaultOutputFile.length(), nullOutputFile.length());
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public void testRecodec() throws Exception {
 
   private static void assertLessThan(long less, long more) {
     if (less >= more) {
-      Assert.fail("Expected " + less + " to be less than " + more);
+      fail("Expected " + less + " to be less than " + more);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecordCountTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecordCountTool.java
index af3b8874a1c..13dad4da401 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecordCountTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRecordCountTool.java
@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.rules.TestName;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
@@ -36,17 +40,15 @@
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 public class TestRecordCountTool {
 
   @Rule
   public TestName name = new TestName();
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File temporaryFolder;
 
   private File generateData(int numRecords) throws Exception {
-    final File tempFile = temporaryFolder.newFile();
+    final File tempFile = File.createTempFile("junit", null, temporaryFolder);
 
     Schema schema = Schema.create(Type.STRING);
     try (DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema))) {
@@ -61,16 +63,17 @@ private File generateData(int numRecords) throws Exception {
     return tempFile;
   }
 
-  @Test(expected = FileNotFoundException.class)
-  public void testFileDoesNotExist() throws Exception {
-    List<String> args = Collections
-        .singletonList(new File(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), "nonExistingFile").getAbsolutePath());
-    int returnCode = new RecordCountTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
-    assertEquals(1, returnCode);
+  @Test
+  void fileDoesNotExist() throws Exception {
+    assertThrows(FileNotFoundException.class, () -> {
+      List<String> args = Collections.singletonList(new File(temporaryFolder, "nonExistingFile").getAbsolutePath());
+      int returnCode = new RecordCountTool().run(System.in, System.out, System.err, args);
+      assertEquals(1, returnCode);
+    });
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBasic() throws Exception {
+  void basic() throws Exception {
     final List<Integer> inputSizes = IntStream.range(0, 20).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
     for (Integer inputSize : inputSizes) {
       File inputFile = generateData(inputSize);
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ public void testBasic() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
+  void multipleFiles() throws Exception {
     File f1 = generateData(20);
     File f2 = generateData(200);
 
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcProtocolTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcProtocolTool.java
index fddd850df3d..fcdd2d0596f 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcProtocolTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcProtocolTool.java
@@ -18,63 +18,37 @@
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Protocol;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 /**
  *
  */
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestRpcProtocolTool {
 
-  @Parameterized.Parameters(/* name = "{0}" */)
-  public static List<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[] { "http" }, new Object[] { "avro" });
-  }
-
-  private RpcReceiveTool receive;
-  private Protocol simpleProtocol;
-
-  private String uriScheme;
-
-  public TestRpcProtocolTool(String uriScheme) {
-    this.uriScheme = uriScheme;
-  }
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(strings = { "http", "avro" })
+  void rpcProtocol(String uriScheme) throws Exception {
 
-  @Before
-  public void setUp() throws Exception {
     String protocolFile = System.getProperty("share.dir", "../../../share") + "/test/schemas/simple.avpr";
 
-    simpleProtocol = Protocol.parse(new File(protocolFile));
+    Protocol simpleProtocol = Protocol.parse(new File(protocolFile));
 
     // start a simple server
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     PrintStream p1 = new PrintStream(baos1);
-    receive = new RpcReceiveTool();
+    RpcReceiveTool receive = new RpcReceiveTool();
+
     receive.run1(null, p1, System.err,
         Arrays.asList(uriScheme + "://0.0.0.0:0/", protocolFile, "hello", "-data", "\"Hello!\""));
-  }
-
-  @After
-  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-    if (receive != null)
-      receive.server.close(); // force the server to finish
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testRpcProtocol() throws Exception {
 
     // run the actual test
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -86,8 +60,9 @@ public void testRpcProtocol() throws Exception {
 
     p2.flush();
 
-    assertEquals("Expected the simple.avpr protocol to be echoed to standout", simpleProtocol,
-        Protocol.parse(baos2.toString("UTF-8")));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(simpleProtocol, Protocol.parse(baos2.toString("UTF-8")),
+        "Expected the simple.avpr protocol to be echoed to standout");
 
+    receive.server.close(); // force the server to finish
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools.java
index 3f33c37b05b..da8afb78ed2 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools {
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class TestRpcReceiveAndSendTools {
    * Starts a server (using the tool) and sends a single message to it.
    */
   @Test
-  public void testServeAndSend() throws Exception {
+  void serveAndSend() throws Exception {
     String protocolFile = System.getProperty("share.dir", "../../../share") + "/test/schemas/simple.avpr";
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     PrintStream p1 = new PrintStream(baos1);
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestSpecificCompilerTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestSpecificCompilerTool.java
index f1ee6edd118..03768fea4b6 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestSpecificCompilerTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestSpecificCompilerTool.java
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ public class TestSpecificCompilerTool {
       "avro/examples/baseball/Position.java");
   private static final File TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_PLAYER = new File(TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_OUTPUT_DIR,
       "avro/examples/baseball/Player.java");
+  private static final File TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_NULL_SAFE_ANNOTATIONS_TEST = new File(TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_OUTPUT_DIR,
+      "avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java");
   private static final File TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_FIELDTEST = new File(TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_OUTPUT_DIR,
       "avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java");
   private static final File TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_PROTO = new File(TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_OUTPUT_DIR,
@@ -82,16 +85,18 @@ public class TestSpecificCompilerTool {
       "avro/examples/baseball/Position.java");
   private static final File TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_FIELDTEST = new File(TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR,
       "avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java");
+  private static final File TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_NULL_SAFE_ANNOTATIONS_TEST = new File(TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR,
+      "avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java");
   private static final File TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_PROTO = new File(TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR,
       "avro/examples/baseball/Proto.java");
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
     TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.delete();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaWithExcludedSetters() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaWithExcludedSetters() throws Exception {
 
     TEST_OUTPUT_NO_SETTERS.delete();
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-noSetters", "schema",
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaWithExcludedSetters() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly() throws Exception {
 
     TEST_OUTPUT_OPTIONAL_GETTERS_NULLABLE_FIELDS.delete();
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-optionalGetters", "only_nullable_fields", "schema",
@@ -109,7 +114,16 @@ public void testCompileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForNullableFieldsOnly() throws E
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForAllFields() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaWithNullSafeAnnotationsFields() throws Exception {
+
+    TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_NULL_SAFE_ANNOTATIONS_TEST.delete();
+    doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-nullSafeAnnotations", "-string", "schema",
+        TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/nullsafeannotationsfieldstest.avsc", TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR.getPath() });
+    assertFileMatch(TEST_EXPECTED_STRING_NULL_SAFE_ANNOTATIONS_TEST, TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_NULL_SAFE_ANNOTATIONS_TEST);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void compileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForAllFields() throws Exception {
 
     TEST_OUTPUT_OPTIONAL_GETTERS_ALL_FIELDS.delete();
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-optionalGetters", "all_fields", "schema",
@@ -118,7 +132,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaWithOptionalGettersForAllFields() throws Exception
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaWithAddExtraOptionalGetters() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaWithAddExtraOptionalGetters() throws Exception {
 
     TEST_OUTPUT_ADD_EXTRA_OPTIONAL_GETTERS.delete();
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-addExtraOptionalGetters", "schema",
@@ -127,7 +141,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaWithAddExtraOptionalGetters() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaSingleFile() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaSingleFile() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "schema", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/position.avsc",
         TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -135,7 +149,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaSingleFile() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaTwoFiles() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaTwoFiles() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "schema", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/position.avsc",
         TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/player.avsc", TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -144,7 +158,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaTwoFiles() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemaFileAndDirectory() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemaFileAndDirectory() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "schema", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/position.avsc",
         TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString(), TEST_OUTPUT_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -153,7 +167,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemaFileAndDirectory() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemasUsingString() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemasUsingString() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-string", "schema", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/position.avsc",
         TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/player.avsc", TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -162,7 +176,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemasUsingString() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileSchemasWithVariousFieldTypes() throws Exception {
+  void compileSchemasWithVariousFieldTypes() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-string", "schema", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/fieldtest.avsc",
         TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/fieldtest.avsc", TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -170,7 +184,7 @@ public void testCompileSchemasWithVariousFieldTypes() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testOrderingOfFlags() throws Exception {
+  void orderingOfFlags() throws Exception {
 
     // Order of Flags as per initial implementation
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "-string", "-bigDecimal", "schema",
@@ -198,7 +212,7 @@ public void testOrderingOfFlags() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCompileProtocol() throws Exception {
+  void compileProtocol() throws Exception {
 
     doCompile(new String[] { "-encoding", "UTF-8", "protocol", TEST_INPUT_DIR.toString() + "/proto.avpr",
         TEST_OUTPUT_STRING_DIR.getPath() });
@@ -223,8 +237,8 @@ private void doCompile(String[] args) throws Exception {
    * https://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/tools/JavaCompiler.html
    */
   private static void assertFileMatch(File expected, File found) throws IOException {
-    Assert.assertEquals("Found file: " + found + " does not match expected file: " + expected, readFile(expected),
-        readFile(found));
+    assertEquals(readFile(expected), readFile(found),
+        "Found file: " + found + " does not match expected file: " + expected);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTetherTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTetherTool.java
index d4530690745..c4e5639e2d1 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTetherTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTetherTool.java
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
@@ -36,17 +34,17 @@
 import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestTetherTool {
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder INPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File INPUT_DIR;
 
-  @Rule
-  public TemporaryFolder OUTPUT_DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public File OUTPUT_DIR;
 
   /**
    * Test that the tether tool works with the mapreduce example
@@ -55,20 +53,20 @@ public class TestTetherTool {
    * been properly compiled?
    */
   @Test
-  public void test() throws Exception {
+  void test() throws Exception {
 
     // Create the schema files.
     Schema outscheme = new Pair<Utf8, Long>(new Utf8(""), 0L).getSchema();
 
     // we need to write the schemas to a file
-    File midscfile = new File(INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath(), "midschema.avpr");
+    File midscfile = new File(INPUT_DIR.getPath(), "midschema.avpr");
     try (FileWriter hf = new FileWriter(midscfile)) {
       hf.write(outscheme.toString());
     }
 
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
-    String inputPathStr = INPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
-    String outputPathStr = OUTPUT_DIR.getRoot().getPath();
+    String inputPathStr = INPUT_DIR.getPath();
+    String outputPathStr = OUTPUT_DIR.getPath();
     Path outputPath = new Path(outputPathStr);
 
     outputPath.getFileSystem(job).delete(outputPath, true);
@@ -101,10 +99,10 @@ public void test() throws Exception {
     try (InputStream cin = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(outputPathStr + "/part-00000.avro"));
         DataFileStream<Pair<Utf8, Long>> counts = new DataFileStream<>(cin, reader)) {
       for (Pair<Utf8, Long> wc : counts) {
-        assertEquals(wc.key().toString(), WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(WordCountUtil.COUNTS.get(wc.key().toString()), wc.value(), wc.key().toString());
         numWords++;
       }
     }
-    assertEquals(WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size(), numWords);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(WordCountUtil.COUNTS.size(), numWords);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTextFileTools.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTextFileTools.java
index a3ec90276b1..5386b11e56b 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTextFileTools.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestTextFileTools.java
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
@@ -39,12 +40,10 @@
 import org.apache.avro.Schema.Type;
 import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.ClassRule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class TestTextFileTools {
@@ -55,14 +54,14 @@ public class TestTextFileTools {
   private static ByteBuffer[] lines;
   static Schema schema;
 
-  @ClassRule
-  public static TemporaryFolder DIR = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @TempDir
+  public static File DIR;
 
-  @BeforeClass
+  @BeforeAll
   public static void writeRandomFile() throws IOException {
     schema = Schema.create(Type.BYTES);
     lines = new ByteBuffer[COUNT];
-    linesFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), "random.lines");
+    linesFile = new File(DIR, "random.lines");
 
     OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(linesFile));
     Random rand = new Random();
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ public static void writeRandomFile() throws IOException {
   }
 
   private void fromText(String name, String... args) throws Exception {
-    File avroFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name + ".avro");
+    File avroFile = new File(DIR, name + ".avro");
 
     ArrayList<String> arglist = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(args));
     arglist.add(linesFile.toString());
@@ -104,13 +103,13 @@ private void fromText(String name, String... args) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFromText() throws Exception {
+  void fromText() throws Exception {
     fromText("null", "--codec", "null");
     fromText("deflate", "--codec", "deflate");
     fromText("snappy", "--codec", "snappy");
   }
 
-  @AfterClass
+  @AfterAll
   public static void testToText() throws Exception {
     toText("null");
     toText("deflate");
@@ -118,8 +117,8 @@ public static void testToText() throws Exception {
   }
 
   private static void toText(String name) throws Exception {
-    File avroFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name + ".avro");
-    File outFile = new File(DIR.getRoot(), name + ".lines");
+    File avroFile = new File(DIR, name + ".avro");
+    File outFile = new File(DIR, name + ".lines");
 
     ArrayList<String> arglist = new ArrayList<>();
     arglist.add(avroFile.toString());
@@ -140,11 +139,11 @@ private static void toText(String name) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultCodec() throws Exception {
+  void defaultCodec() throws Exception {
     // The default codec for fromtext is deflate
     ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     PrintStream err = new PrintStream(baos);
     new FromTextTool().run(null, null, err, Collections.emptyList());
-    Assert.assertTrue(baos.toString().contains("Compression codec (default: deflate)"));
+    assertTrue(baos.toString().contains("Compression codec (default: deflate)"));
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestToTrevniTool.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestToTrevniTool.java
index 50503320d4b..2bd690d25a3 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestToTrevniTool.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestToTrevniTool.java
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 
@@ -28,16 +31,16 @@
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
 import org.apache.trevni.avro.AvroColumnReader;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 
 public class TestToTrevniTool {
   private static final long SEED = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
   private static final int COUNT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("test.count", "200"));
-  private static final File DIR = new File("/tmp");
-  private static final File AVRO_FILE = new File(DIR, "random.avro");
-  private static final File TREVNI_FILE = new File(DIR, "random.trv");
+
+  @TempDir
+  private Path dataDir;
   private static final File SCHEMA_FILE = new File("../../../share/test/schemas/weather.avsc");
 
   private String run(String... args) throws Exception {
@@ -48,18 +51,20 @@ private String run(String... args) throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void test() throws Exception {
+  void test() throws Exception {
     Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(SCHEMA_FILE);
 
     DataFileWriter<Object> writer = new DataFileWriter<>(new GenericDatumWriter<>());
-    writer.create(schema, Util.createFromFS(AVRO_FILE.toString()));
+    File avroFile = dataDir.resolve("random.avro").toFile();
+    writer.create(schema, avroFile);
     for (Object datum : new RandomData(schema, COUNT, SEED))
       writer.append(datum);
     writer.close();
 
-    run(AVRO_FILE.toString(), TREVNI_FILE.toString());
+    File trevniFile = dataDir.resolve("random.trv").toFile();
+    run(avroFile.toString(), trevniFile.toString());
 
-    AvroColumnReader<Object> reader = new AvroColumnReader<>(new AvroColumnReader.Params(TREVNI_FILE));
+    AvroColumnReader<Object> reader = new AvroColumnReader<>(new AvroColumnReader.Params(trevniFile));
     Iterator<Object> found = reader.iterator();
     for (Object expected : new RandomData(schema, COUNT, SEED))
       assertEquals(expected, found.next());
diff --git a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestUtil.java b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestUtil.java
index ab3eadb06c3..a2963a1b592 100644
--- a/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestUtil.java
+++ b/lang/java/tools/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/tool/TestUtil.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.avro.tool;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import joptsimple.OptionParser;
 import joptsimple.OptionSet;
@@ -24,9 +26,8 @@
 import org.apache.avro.file.Codec;
 import org.apache.avro.file.CodecFactory;
 import org.apache.avro.file.ZstandardCodec;
-import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.rules.TestName;
 
 public class TestUtil {
@@ -44,11 +45,11 @@ private void zstandardCompressionLevel(int level) throws Exception {
     Method createInstance = CodecFactory.class.getDeclaredMethod("createInstance");
     createInstance.setAccessible(true);
     Codec codec = (ZstandardCodec) createInstance.invoke(codecFactory);
-    Assert.assertEquals(String.format("zstandard[%d]", level), codec.toString());
+    assertEquals(String.format("zstandard[%d]", level), codec.toString());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testCodecFactoryZstandardCompressionLevel() throws Exception {
+  void codecFactoryZstandardCompressionLevel() throws Exception {
     zstandardCompressionLevel(1);
     zstandardCompressionLevel(CodecFactory.DEFAULT_ZSTANDARD_LEVEL);
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/pom.xml b/lang/java/trevni/avro/pom.xml
index 5fa7e3914f7..951498f5856 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/pom.xml
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>trevni-java</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>trevni-avro</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestCases.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestCases.java
index 32966525bb1..98abc9a8b33 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestCases.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestCases.java
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestCases {
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public class TestCases {
   private static final File FILE = new File("target", "case.trv");
 
   @Test
-  public void testCases() throws Exception {
+  void cases() throws Exception {
     for (File f : DIR.listFiles())
       if (f.isDirectory() && !f.getName().startsWith("."))
         runCase(f);
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestEvolvedSchema.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestEvolvedSchema.java
index 59b3a11809a..8f4f4343f3b 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestEvolvedSchema.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestEvolvedSchema.java
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.trevni.ColumnFileMetaData;
 import org.apache.trevni.avro.AvroColumnReader.Params;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 
 public class TestEvolvedSchema {
   private static String writerSchema = "{" + "    \"namespace\": \"org.apache.avro\","
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ public class TestEvolvedSchema {
   private static final Schema evolved = new Schema.Parser().parse(evolvedSchema2);
   private static final Schema inner = new Schema.Parser().parse(innerSchema);
 
-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
   public void setUp() {
     writtenRecord = new GenericData.Record(writer);
     writtenRecord.put("a", "record");
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ public void setUp() {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testTrevniEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
+  void trevniEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
     AvroColumnWriter<GenericRecord> acw = new AvroColumnWriter<>(writer, new ColumnFileMetaData());
     acw.write(writtenRecord);
     File serializedTrevni = File.createTempFile("trevni", null);
@@ -83,13 +85,13 @@ public void testTrevniEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
     params.setSchema(evolved);
     try (AvroColumnReader<GenericRecord> acr = new AvroColumnReader<>(params)) {
       GenericRecord readRecord = acr.next();
-      Assert.assertEquals(evolvedRecord, readRecord);
-      Assert.assertFalse(acr.hasNext());
+      assertEquals(evolvedRecord, readRecord);
+      assertFalse(acr.hasNext());
     }
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testAvroEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
+  void avroEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
     File serializedAvro = File.createTempFile("avro", null);
     DatumWriter<GenericRecord> dw = new GenericDatumWriter<>(writer);
     DataFileWriter<GenericRecord> dfw = new DataFileWriter<>(dw);
@@ -102,8 +104,8 @@ public void testAvroEvolvedRead() throws IOException {
     reader.setExpected(evolved);
     try (DataFileReader<GenericRecord> dfr = new DataFileReader<>(serializedAvro, reader)) {
       GenericRecord readRecord = dfr.next();
-      Assert.assertEquals(evolvedRecord, readRecord);
-      Assert.assertFalse(dfr.hasNext());
+      assertEquals(evolvedRecord, readRecord);
+      assertFalse(dfr.hasNext());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestMetadataFiltering.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestMetadataFiltering.java
index 7f13e1b8c32..4da4ffe978e 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestMetadataFiltering.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestMetadataFiltering.java
@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@
 import org.apache.avro.mapred.AvroJob;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
 import org.apache.trevni.ColumnFileMetaData;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 public class TestMetadataFiltering {
 
   @Test
-  public void testMetadataFiltering() throws Exception {
+  void metadataFiltering() throws Exception {
     JobConf job = new JobConf();
 
     job.set(AvroTrevniOutputFormat.META_PREFIX + "test1", "1");
@@ -38,13 +39,13 @@ public void testMetadataFiltering() throws Exception {
     ColumnFileMetaData metadata = AvroTrevniOutputFormat.filterMetadata(job);
 
     assertTrue(metadata.get("test1") != null);
-    assertTrue(new String(metadata.get("test1")).equals("1"));
+    assertEquals(new String(metadata.get("test1")), "1");
     assertTrue(metadata.get("test2") != null);
-    assertTrue(new String(metadata.get("test2")).equals("2"));
+    assertEquals(new String(metadata.get("test2")), "2");
     assertTrue(metadata.get("test5") != null);
-    assertTrue(new String(metadata.get("test5")).equals("5"));
-    assertTrue(metadata.get("test3") == null);
-    assertTrue(metadata.get("test4") == null);
+    assertEquals(new String(metadata.get("test5")), "5");
+    assertNull(metadata.get("test3"));
+    assertNull(metadata.get("test4"));
 
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestShredder.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestShredder.java
index a056a05d135..87f3d3295c4 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestShredder.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestShredder.java
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
 import org.apache.trevni.ColumnFileMetaData;
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 import org.apache.avro.util.RandomData;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestShredder {
   private static final long SEED = System.currentTimeMillis();
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public class TestShredder {
   private static final File FILE = new File("target", "test.trv");
 
   @Test
-  public void testPrimitives() throws Exception {
+  void primitives() throws Exception {
     check(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), new ColumnMetaData("null", ValueType.NULL));
     check(Schema.create(Schema.Type.BOOLEAN), new ColumnMetaData("boolean", ValueType.BOOLEAN));
 
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ public void testPrimitives() throws Exception {
   private static final String SIMPLE_RECORD = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"R\",\"fields\":[" + SIMPLE_FIELDS + "]}";
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleRecord() throws Exception {
+  void simpleRecord() throws Exception {
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(SIMPLE_RECORD), new ColumnMetaData("x", ValueType.INT),
         new ColumnMetaData("y", ValueType.STRING));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDefaultValue() throws Exception {
+  void defaultValue() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"R\",\"fields\":[" + SIMPLE_FIELDS + ","
         + "{\"name\":\"z\",\"type\":\"int\"," + "\"default\":1,\"" + RandomData.USE_DEFAULT + "\":true}" + "]}";
     checkWrite(new Schema.Parser().parse(SIMPLE_RECORD));
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public void testDefaultValue() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedRecord() throws Exception {
+  void nestedRecord() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":\"int\"},"
         + "{\"name\":\"R\",\"type\":" + SIMPLE_RECORD + "}," + "{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":\"string\"}" + "]}";
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), new ColumnMetaData("x", ValueType.INT),
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ public void testNestedRecord() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNamedRecord() throws Exception {
+  void namedRecord() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"R1\",\"type\":" + SIMPLE_RECORD + "},"
         + "{\"name\":\"R2\",\"type\":\"R\"}" + "]}";
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), new ColumnMetaData("R1#x", ValueType.INT),
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ public void testNamedRecord() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleArray() throws Exception {
+  void simpleArray() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":\"long\"}";
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), new ColumnMetaData("[]", ValueType.LONG).isArray(true));
   }
@@ -99,21 +100,21 @@ public void testSimpleArray() throws Exception {
   private static final String RECORD_ARRAY = "{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":" + SIMPLE_RECORD + "}";
 
   @Test
-  public void testArray() throws Exception {
+  void array() throws Exception {
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData("[]", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(RECORD_ARRAY), p, new ColumnMetaData("[]#x", ValueType.INT).setParent(p),
         new ColumnMetaData("[]#y", ValueType.STRING).setParent(p));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleUnion() throws Exception {
+  void simpleUnion() throws Exception {
     String s = "[\"int\",\"string\"]";
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), new ColumnMetaData("int", ValueType.INT).isArray(true),
         new ColumnMetaData("string", ValueType.STRING).isArray(true));
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleOptional() throws Exception {
+  void simpleOptional() throws Exception {
     String s = "[\"null\",\"string\"]";
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), new ColumnMetaData("string", ValueType.STRING).isArray(true));
   }
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ public void testSimpleOptional() throws Exception {
   private static final String UNION = "[\"null\",\"int\"," + SIMPLE_RECORD + "]";
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnion() throws Exception {
+  void union() throws Exception {
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData("R", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(UNION), new ColumnMetaData("int", ValueType.INT).isArray(true), p,
         new ColumnMetaData("R#x", ValueType.INT).setParent(p),
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ public void testUnion() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedArray() throws Exception {
+  void nestedArray() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":\"int\"},"
         + "{\"name\":\"A\",\"type\":" + RECORD_ARRAY + "}," + "{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":\"string\"}" + "]}";
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData("A[]", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ public void testNestedArray() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testNestedUnion() throws Exception {
+  void nestedUnion() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"x\",\"type\":\"int\"},"
         + "{\"name\":\"u\",\"type\":" + UNION + "}," + "{\"name\":\"y\",\"type\":\"string\"}" + "]}";
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData("u/R", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ public void testNestedUnion() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testUnionInArray() throws Exception {
+  void unionInArray() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":["
         + "{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":" + UNION + "}}" + "]}";
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData("a[]", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ public void testUnionInArray() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testArrayInUnion() throws Exception {
+  void arrayInUnion() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"S\",\"fields\":[" + "{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":[\"int\"," + RECORD_ARRAY
         + "]}]}";
     ColumnMetaData q = new ColumnMetaData("a/array", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ public void testArrayInUnion() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSimpleMap() throws Exception {
+  void simpleMap() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":\"long\"}";
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData(">", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), p, new ColumnMetaData(">key", ValueType.STRING).setParent(p),
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ public void testSimpleMap() throws Exception {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testMap() throws Exception {
+  void map() throws Exception {
     String s = "{\"type\":\"map\",\"values\":" + SIMPLE_RECORD + "}";
     ColumnMetaData p = new ColumnMetaData(">", ValueType.NULL).isArray(true);
     check(new Schema.Parser().parse(s), p, new ColumnMetaData(">key", ValueType.STRING).setParent(p),
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestWordCount.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestWordCount.java
index 654c31ff3aa..009a01853e0 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/TestWordCount.java
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestWordCount {
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ public void reduce(String word, Iterable<Long> counts, AvroCollector<Pair<String
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
+  void runTestsInOrder() throws Exception {
     testOutputFormat();
     testInputFormat();
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/WordCountUtil.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/WordCountUtil.java
index 4c77181e1ef..adc10e6d636 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/WordCountUtil.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/WordCountUtil.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.trevni.avro;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
@@ -29,6 +27,8 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil;
 
 import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
 import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public void validateCountsFile() throws Exception {
         new AvroColumnReader.Params(countFiles).setModel(SpecificData.get()));
     int numWords = 0;
     for (Pair<String, Long> wc : reader) {
-      assertEquals(wc.key(), COUNTS.get(wc.key()), wc.value());
+      assertEquals(COUNTS.get(wc.key()), wc.value(), wc.key());
       numWords++;
     }
     reader.close();
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public void validateCountsFileGenericRecord() throws Exception {
         new AvroColumnReader.Params(countFiles).setModel(SpecificData.get()));
     int numWords = 0;
     for (GenericRecord wc : reader) {
-      assertEquals((String) wc.get("key"), COUNTS.get(wc.get("key")), wc.get("value"));
+      assertEquals(COUNTS.get(wc.get("key")), wc.get("value"), (String) wc.get("key"));
       // assertEquals(wc.getKey(), COUNTS.get(wc.getKey()), wc.getValue());
       numWords++;
     }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
index 8cc69ce5dff..30abcc52cab 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyValueWordCount.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.trevni.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
@@ -40,7 +38,9 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.NullOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.trevni.avro.WordCountUtil;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestKeyValueWordCount {
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ protected void map(AvroKey<String> key, AvroValue<Long> value, Context context)
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIOFormat() throws Exception {
+  void iOFormat() throws Exception {
     checkOutputFormat();
     checkInputFormat();
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyWordCount.java b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyWordCount.java
index 6cb99c8b66f..50d7709a22b 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyWordCount.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/avro/mapreduce/TestKeyWordCount.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.trevni.avro.mapreduce;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
@@ -41,7 +39,9 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.NullOutputFormat;
 import org.apache.trevni.avro.WordCountUtil;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 public class TestKeyWordCount {
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ protected void map(AvroKey<GenericData.Record> key, NullWritable value, Context
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testIOFormat() throws Exception {
+  void iOFormat() throws Exception {
     checkOutputFormat();
     checkInputFormat();
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/pom.xml b/lang/java/trevni/core/pom.xml
index bdab194b56c..da732368c9f 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/pom.xml
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>trevni-java</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>trevni-core</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/InputBuffer.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/InputBuffer.java
index 2234a1fc296..526bb46bc24 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/InputBuffer.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/InputBuffer.java
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public boolean readBoolean() throws IOException {
     bitCount++;
     if (bitCount == 8)
       bitCount = 0;
-    return bit == 0 ? false : true;
+    return bit != 0;
   }
 
   public int readLength() throws IOException {
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/OutputBuffer.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/OutputBuffer.java
index 74413b4311a..a02d0e7fca6 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/OutputBuffer.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/main/java/org/apache/trevni/OutputBuffer.java
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ class OutputBuffer extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
   private int bitCount; // position in booleans
 
   public OutputBuffer() {
-    super((BLOCK_SIZE + BLOCK_SIZE) >> 2);
+    this(BLOCK_SIZE + (BLOCK_SIZE >> 2));
+  }
+
+  public OutputBuffer(int size) {
+    super(size);
   }
 
   public boolean isFull() {
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestAllCodecs.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestAllCodecs.java
index c588046428e..e5bda582fc4 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestAllCodecs.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestAllCodecs.java
@@ -18,28 +18,17 @@
 
 package org.apache.trevni;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
-@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class TestAllCodecs {
-  @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "{index}: codec={0}")
-  public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
-    return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { { "bzip2" }, { "null" }, { "snappy" }, { "deflate" }, });
-  }
-
-  @Parameterized.Parameter(0)
-  public String codec;
 
   public static Codec getCodec(String name) {
     MetaData m = new MetaData();
@@ -47,8 +36,9 @@ public static Codec getCodec(String name) {
     return Codec.get(m);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testCodec() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(strings = { "bzip2", "null", "snappy", "deflate" })
+  public void testCodec(String codec) throws IOException {
     int inputSize = 500_000;
 
     byte[] input = generateTestData(inputSize);
@@ -76,8 +66,9 @@ public void testCodec() throws IOException {
     assertEquals(decompressedBuffer, inputByteBuffer);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testCodecSlice() throws IOException {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(strings = { "bzip2", "null", "snappy", "deflate" })
+  public void testCodecSlice(String codec) throws IOException {
     int inputSize = 500_000;
     byte[] input = generateTestData(inputSize);
 
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestColumnFile.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestColumnFile.java
index 6fc36bf6763..781476abfc5 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestColumnFile.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestColumnFile.java
@@ -19,72 +19,66 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
 
-@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
 public class TestColumnFile {
 
   private static final File FILE = new File("target", "test.trv");
   private static final int COUNT = 1024 * 64;
 
-  private String codec;
-  private String checksum;
-
-  public TestColumnFile(String codec, String checksum) {
-    this.codec = codec;
-    this.checksum = checksum;
-  }
-
   @Parameters
-  public static Collection<Object[]> codecs() {
-    Object[][] data = new Object[][] { { "null", "null" }, { "snappy", "crc32" }, { "deflate", "crc32" } };
-    return Arrays.asList(data);
+  public static Stream<Arguments> codecs() {
+    return Stream.of(Arguments.of(createFileMeta("null", "null")), Arguments.of(createFileMeta("snappy", "crc32")),
+        Arguments.of(createFileMeta("deflate", "crc32")));
   }
 
-  private ColumnFileMetaData createFileMeta() {
+  private static ColumnFileMetaData createFileMeta(String codec, String checksum) {
     return new ColumnFileMetaData().setCodec(codec).setChecksum(checksum);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void emptyFile(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta());
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta);
     out.writeTo(FILE);
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, in.getColumnCount());
     in.close();
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testEmptyColumn() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void emptyColumn(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.INT));
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.INT));
     out.writeTo(FILE);
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(0, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
     ColumnValues<Integer> values = in.getValues("test");
     for (int i : values)
       throw new Exception("no value should be found");
     in.close();
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testInts() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void ints(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
 
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.INT));
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.INT));
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
       out.writeRow(TestUtil.randomLength(random));
@@ -92,22 +86,23 @@ public void testInts() throws Exception {
 
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
     Iterator<Integer> i = in.getValues("test");
     int count = 0;
     while (i.hasNext()) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomLength(random), (int) i.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomLength(random), (int) i.next());
       count++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testLongs() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void longs(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
 
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.LONG));
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.LONG));
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
       out.writeRow(random.nextLong());
@@ -115,22 +110,23 @@ public void testLongs() throws Exception {
 
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
     Iterator<Long> i = in.getValues("test");
     int count = 0;
     while (i.hasNext()) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextLong(), (long) i.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(random.nextLong(), (long) i.next());
       count++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testStrings() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void strings(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
 
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.STRING));
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.STRING));
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
       out.writeRow(TestUtil.randomString(random));
@@ -138,21 +134,22 @@ public void testStrings() throws Exception {
 
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(1, in.getColumnCount());
     Iterator<String> i = in.getValues("test");
     int count = 0;
     while (i.hasNext()) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), i.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), i.next());
       count++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testTwoColumn() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void twoColumn(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("a", ValueType.FIXED32),
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("a", ValueType.FIXED32),
         new ColumnMetaData("b", ValueType.STRING));
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -161,24 +158,25 @@ public void testTwoColumn() throws Exception {
 
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     ColumnFileReader in = new ColumnFileReader(FILE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
-    Assert.assertEquals(2, in.getColumnCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, in.getRowCount());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(2, in.getColumnCount());
     Iterator<String> i = in.getValues("a");
     Iterator<String> j = in.getValues("b");
     int count = 0;
     while (i.hasNext() && j.hasNext()) {
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextInt(), i.next());
-      Assert.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), j.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(random.nextInt(), i.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), j.next());
       count++;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
+    Assertions.assertEquals(COUNT, count);
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSeekLongs() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void seekLongs(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
 
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(), new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.LONG));
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta, new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.LONG));
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
 
     int seekCount = COUNT / 1024;
@@ -206,16 +204,17 @@ public void testSeekLongs() throws Exception {
 
     for (int i = 0; i < seekCount; i++) {
       v.seek(seekRows[i]);
-      Assert.assertEquals(seekValues[i], v.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(seekValues[i], v.next());
     }
 
   }
 
-  @Test
-  public void testSeekStrings() throws Exception {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("codecs")
+  void seekStrings(ColumnFileMetaData fileMeta) throws Exception {
     FILE.delete();
 
-    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(createFileMeta(),
+    ColumnFileWriter out = new ColumnFileWriter(fileMeta,
         new ColumnMetaData("test", ValueType.STRING).hasIndexValues(true));
 
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ public void testSeekStrings() throws Exception {
 
     for (int i = 0; i < seekCount; i++) {
       v.seek(seekValues[i]);
-      Assert.assertEquals(seekValues[i], v.next());
+      Assertions.assertEquals(seekValues[i], v.next());
     }
 
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestIOBuffers.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestIOBuffers.java
index d68d0e0fdaf..892591ed3ca 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestIOBuffers.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestIOBuffers.java
@@ -18,43 +18,43 @@
 package org.apache.trevni;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 import java.util.Random;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestIOBuffers {
 
   private static final int COUNT = 1001;
 
   @Test
-  public void testEmpty() throws Exception {
+  void empty() throws Exception {
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     ByteArrayOutputStream temp = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.tell());
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.length());
+    assertEquals(0, in.tell());
+    assertEquals(0, in.length());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testZero() throws Exception {
+  void zero() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeInt(0);
     byte[] bytes = out.toByteArray();
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, bytes.length);
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, bytes[0]);
+    assertEquals(1, bytes.length);
+    assertEquals(0, bytes[0]);
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, in.readInt());
+    assertEquals(0, in.readInt());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBoolean() throws Exception {
+  void testBoolean() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ public void testBoolean() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextBoolean(), in.readValue(ValueType.BOOLEAN));
+      assertEquals(random.nextBoolean(), in.readValue(ValueType.BOOLEAN));
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+  void testInt() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ public void testInt() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextInt(), in.readInt());
+      assertEquals(random.nextInt(), in.readInt());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+  void testLong() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ public void testLong() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextLong(), in.readLong());
+      assertEquals(random.nextLong(), in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixed32() throws Exception {
+  void fixed32() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ public void testFixed32() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextInt(), in.readFixed32());
+      assertEquals(random.nextInt(), in.readFixed32());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFixed64() throws Exception {
+  void fixed64() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ public void testFixed64() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextLong(), in.readFixed64());
+      assertEquals(random.nextLong(), in.readFixed64());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testFloat() throws Exception {
+  void testFloat() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -133,24 +133,24 @@ public void testFloat() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(random.nextFloat(), in.readFloat(), 0);
+      assertEquals(random.nextFloat(), in.readFloat(), 0);
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testDouble() throws Exception {
+  void testDouble() throws Exception {
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
       out.writeDouble(Double.MIN_VALUE);
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(Double.MIN_VALUE, in.readDouble(), 0);
+      assertEquals(Double.MIN_VALUE, in.readDouble(), 0);
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testBytes() throws Exception {
+  void bytes() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ public void testBytes() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomBytes(random), in.readBytes(null));
+      assertEquals(TestUtil.randomBytes(random), in.readBytes(null));
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testString() throws Exception {
+  void string() throws Exception {
     Random random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
@@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ public void testString() throws Exception {
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     random = TestUtil.createRandom();
     for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
-      Assert.assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), in.readString());
+      assertEquals(TestUtil.randomString(random), in.readString());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipNull() throws Exception {
+  void skipNull() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(null, ValueType.NULL);
@@ -186,12 +186,12 @@ public void testSkipNull() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.NULL);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipBoolean() throws Exception {
+  void skipBoolean() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(false, ValueType.BOOLEAN);
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ public void testSkipBoolean() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.BOOLEAN);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipInt() throws Exception {
+  void skipInt() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.INT);
@@ -212,12 +212,12 @@ public void testSkipInt() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.INT);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipLong() throws Exception {
+  void skipLong() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Long.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.LONG);
@@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ public void testSkipLong() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.LONG);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipFixed32() throws Exception {
+  void skipFixed32() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.FIXED32);
@@ -238,12 +238,12 @@ public void testSkipFixed32() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.LONG);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipFixed64() throws Exception {
+  void skipFixed64() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Long.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.FIXED64);
@@ -251,12 +251,12 @@ public void testSkipFixed64() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.LONG);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipFloat() throws Exception {
+  void skipFloat() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Float.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.FLOAT);
@@ -264,12 +264,12 @@ public void testSkipFloat() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.FLOAT);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipDouble() throws Exception {
+  void skipDouble() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Double.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.DOUBLE);
@@ -277,12 +277,12 @@ public void testSkipDouble() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.DOUBLE);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipString() throws Exception {
+  void skipString() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue("trevni", ValueType.STRING);
@@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ public void testSkipString() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.STRING);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testSkipBytes() throws Exception {
+  void skipBytes() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue("trevni".getBytes(UTF_8), ValueType.BYTES);
@@ -303,12 +303,12 @@ public void testSkipBytes() throws Exception {
 
     InputBuffer in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()));
     in.skipValue(ValueType.BYTES);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testInitPos() throws Exception {
+  void initPos() throws Exception {
     long sentinel = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     OutputBuffer out = new OutputBuffer();
     out.writeValue(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ValueType.INT);
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ public void testInitPos() throws Exception {
     in.readInt();
     long pos = in.tell();
     in = new InputBuffer(new InputBytes(out.toByteArray()), pos);
-    Assert.assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, in.readLong());
     out.close();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestInputBytes.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestInputBytes.java
index 74b7cef5d2b..43a037104f3 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestInputBytes.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestInputBytes.java
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestInputBytes {
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ public class TestInputBytes {
   private static final int COUNT = 100;
 
   @Test
-  public void testRandomReads() throws Exception {
+  void randomReads() throws Exception {
     Random random = new Random(19820210);
     int length = random.nextInt(SIZE) + 1;
     byte[] data = new byte[length];
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public void testRandomReads() throws Exception {
       int l = Math.min(random.nextInt(SIZE / 10), length - p);
       byte[] buffer = new byte[l];
       in.read(p, buffer, 0, l);
-      Assert.assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOfRange(data, p, p + l), buffer);
+      assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOfRange(data, p, p + l), buffer);
     }
     in.close();
   }
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestUtil.java b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestUtil.java
index c462c9bb5b1..4162c6df233 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestUtil.java
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/core/src/test/java/org/apache/trevni/TestUtil.java
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 public class TestUtil {
 
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ public static int randomLength(Random random) {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void testRandomLength() {
+  void randomLength() {
     long total = 0;
     int count = 1024 * 1024;
     int min = Short.MAX_VALUE;
@@ -96,12 +98,12 @@ public void testRandomLength() {
         max = length;
       total += length;
     }
-    Assert.assertEquals(0, min);
-    Assert.assertTrue(max > 1024 * 32);
+    assertEquals(0, min);
+    assertTrue(max > 1024 * 32);
 
     float average = total / (float) count;
-    Assert.assertTrue(average > 16.0f);
-    Assert.assertTrue(average < 64.0f);
+    assertTrue(average > 16.0f);
+    assertTrue(average < 64.0f);
 
   }
 
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/doc/pom.xml b/lang/java/trevni/doc/pom.xml
index f271b16dcf4..d95c8eb7697 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/doc/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/doc/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>trevni-java</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
     <relativePath>..</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
diff --git a/lang/java/trevni/pom.xml b/lang/java/trevni/pom.xml
index fd1aaed5c63..1c885e8e290 100644
--- a/lang/java/trevni/pom.xml
+++ b/lang/java/trevni/pom.xml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>avro-parent</artifactId>
     <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
-    <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <relativePath>../</relativePath>
+    <version>1.12.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>trevni-java</artifactId>
diff --git a/lang/js/.gitignore b/lang/js/.gitignore
index b509c88b364..78ed32c7512 100644
--- a/lang/js/.gitignore
+++ b/lang/js/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 coverage/
 node_modules/
+.nyc_output
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/js/README.md b/lang/js/README.md
index c470abaa229..119c1a74574 100644
--- a/lang/js/README.md
+++ b/lang/js/README.md
@@ -97,6 +97,47 @@ var avro = require('avro-js');
     .on('data', function (record) { /* Do something with the record. */ });
   ```
 
++ Implement recursive schemata (due to lack of duck-typing):
+
+  ```javascript
+    // example type: linked list with one long-int as element value
+    const recursiveRecordType =  avro.parse({
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "LongList",
+      "fields" : [
+        {"name": "value", "type": "long"},             
+        {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "LongList"]} // optional next element via recursion
+      ]
+    });
+
+    // will work
+    const validRecursiveRecordDTO = {
+      value: 1,
+      next: {
+        // no duck-typing support: from first nested level on the 
+        // recursive type has to be explicitly specified.
+        LongList: {
+          value: 2,
+          next: null
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    const serializedValid = recursiveRecordType.parse(validRecursiveRecordDTO);
+    
+
+    // will throw error
+    const invalidRecursiveRecordDTO = {
+      value: 1,
+      next: {
+          value: 2,
+          next: null
+      }
+    };
+    const serializedInvalid = recursiveRecordType.parse(invalidRecursiveRecordDTO);
+
+
+  ```
+
 
 [node.js]: https://nodejs.org/en/
 [readable-stream]: https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable
diff --git a/lang/js/etc/browser/avro.js b/lang/js/etc/browser/avro.js
index 2c4da581590..b2b894ed2b4 100644
--- a/lang/js/etc/browser/avro.js
+++ b/lang/js/etc/browser/avro.js
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 
 var Tap = require('../../lib/utils').Tap,
     schemas = require('../../lib/schemas'),
-    deprecated = require('../deprecated/validator');
+    deprecated = require('../deprecated/validator'),
+    Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer
 
 
 function parse(schema, opts) {
diff --git a/lang/js/lib/protocols.js b/lang/js/lib/protocols.js
index 7a5b9dea77e..f34736230d1 100644
--- a/lang/js/lib/protocols.js
+++ b/lang/js/lib/protocols.js
@@ -1099,6 +1099,8 @@ MessageDecoder.prototype._flush = function () {
     this.emit('error', new Error('trailing data'));
   } else if (this._empty) {
     this.emit('error', new Error('no message decoded'));
+  } else {
+    this.emit('finish');
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/lang/js/lib/schemas.js b/lang/js/lib/schemas.js
index 51562211acf..cbf9e9600af 100644
--- a/lang/js/lib/schemas.js
+++ b/lang/js/lib/schemas.js
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ var utils = require('./utils'),
 // Convenience imports.
 var Tap = utils.Tap;
 var f = util.format;
+var Buffer = buffer.Buffer;
 
 // All Avro types.
 var TYPES = {
diff --git a/lang/js/package-lock.json b/lang/js/package-lock.json
index bd51550fc6b..0eae78609ef 100644
--- a/lang/js/package-lock.json
+++ b/lang/js/package-lock.json
@@ -1,2266 +1,417 @@
 {
   "name": "avro-js",
-  "version": "1.11.0-SNAPSHOT",
-  "lockfileVersion": 2,
+  "version": "1.12.0-SNAPSHOT",
+  "lockfileVersion": 1,
   "requires": true,
-  "packages": {
-    "": {
-      "name": "avro-js",
-      "version": "1.11.0-SNAPSHOT",
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "underscore": "^1.12.0"
-      },
-      "devDependencies": {
-        "coveralls": "^3.1.0",
-        "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
-        "jshint": "^2.12.0",
-        "mocha": "^6.2.3",
-        "tmp": "^0.0.28"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/abbrev": {
-      "version": "1.0.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/abbrev/-/abbrev-1.0.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-kbR5JYinc4wl813W9jdSovh3YTU=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/ajv": {
-      "version": "6.12.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-6.12.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.1",
-        "fast-json-stable-stringify": "^2.0.0",
-        "json-schema-traverse": "^0.4.1",
-        "uri-js": "^4.2.2"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "type": "github",
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/epoberezkin"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/amdefine": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/amdefine/-/amdefine-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-SlKCrBZHKek2Gbz9OtFR+BfOkfU=",
-      "dev": true,
-      "optional": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.4.2"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/ansi-colors": {
-      "version": "3.2.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-colors/-/ansi-colors-3.2.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LEHHyuhlPY3TmuUYMh2oz89lTShfvgbmzaBcxve9t/9Wuy7Dwf4yoAKcND7KFT1HAQfqZ12qtc+DUrBMeKF9nw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/ansi-regex": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-7QMXwyIGT3lGbAKWa922Bas32Zg=",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/ansi-styles": {
-      "version": "3.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/argparse": {
-      "version": "1.0.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/argparse/-/argparse-1.0.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o5Roy6tNG4SL/FOkCAN6RzjiakZS25RLYFrcMttJqbdd8BWrnA+fGz57iN5Pb06pvBGvl5gQ0B48dJlslXvoTg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "sprintf-js": "~1.0.2"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/asn1": {
-      "version": "0.2.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/asn1/-/asn1-0.2.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-jxwzQpLQjSmWXgwaCZE9Nz+glAG01yF1QnWgbhGwHI5A6FRIEY6IVqtHhIepHqI7/kyEyQEagBC5mBEFlIYvdg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "safer-buffer": "~2.1.0"
-      }
-    },
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-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-5.2.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-DuRs1gKbBqsMKIZlrffwlug8MHkcnpjs5VPmL1PAh+mA30U0DTotfDZ0d2UUsXpPmPmMMJ6W773MaA3J+lbiWA==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "ansi-regex": "^4.1.0"
-          }
-        }
+        "string-width": "^4.2.0",
+        "y18n": "^5.0.5",
+        "yargs-parser": "^20.2.2"
       }
     },
     "yargs-parser": {
-      "version": "13.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-13.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3lbsNRf/j+A4QuSZfDRA7HRSfWrzO0YjqTJd5kjAq37Zep1CEgaYmrH9Q3GwPiB9cHyd1Y1UwggGhJGoxipbzg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "camelcase": "^5.0.0",
-        "decamelize": "^1.2.0"
-      }
+      "version": "20.2.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-20.2.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-y11nGElTIV+CT3Zv9t7VKl+Q3hTQoT9a1Qzezhhl6Rp21gJ/IVTW7Z3y9EWXhuUBC2Shnf+DX0antecpAwSP8w==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "yargs-unparser": {
-      "version": "1.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-unparser/-/yargs-unparser-1.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-W9tKgmSn0DpSatfri0nx52Joq5hVXgeLiqR/5G0sZNDoLZFOr/xjBUDcShCOGNsBnEMNo1KAMBkTej1Hm62HTw==",
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-unparser/-/yargs-unparser-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7pRTIA9Qc1caZ0bZ6RYRGbHJthJWuakf+WmHK0rVeLkNrrGhfoabBNdue6kdINI6r4if7ocq9aD/n7xwKOdzOA==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "flat": "^4.1.0",
-        "lodash": "^4.17.15",
-        "yargs": "^13.3.0"
+        "camelcase": "^6.0.0",
+        "decamelize": "^4.0.0",
+        "flat": "^5.0.2",
+        "is-plain-obj": "^2.1.0"
       }
+    },
+    "yocto-queue": {
+      "version": "0.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
+      "dev": true
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/lang/js/package.json b/lang/js/package.json
index bec79053017..3641e199002 100644
--- a/lang/js/package.json
+++ b/lang/js/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "avro-js",
-  "version": "1.11.0-SNAPSHOT",
+  "version": "1.12.0",
   "author": "Avro Developers <dev@avro.apache.org>",
   "description": "JavaScript Avro implementation",
   "contributors": [
@@ -34,22 +34,22 @@
     "crypto": "./etc/browser/crypto.js"
   },
   "scripts": {
-    "cover": "istanbul cover _mocha -- -f interop -i",
-    "test": "mocha -f interop -i",
+    "cover": "nyc npm run test",
+    "test": "mocha --fgrep interop --invert",
     "clean": "rm -rf coverage node_modules",
     "lint": "jshint lib test",
     "interop-data-generate": "node test/interop_data_generate.js",
     "interop-data-test": "mocha test/interop_data_test.js"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "underscore": "^1.12.0"
+    "underscore": "^1.13.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "coveralls": "^3.1.0",
-    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
-    "jshint": "^2.12.0",
-    "mocha": "^6.2.3",
-    "tmp": "^0.0.28"
+    "nyc": "^17.0.0",
+    "coveralls": "^3.1.1",
+    "jshint": "^2.13.4",
+    "mocha": "10.7.0",
+    "tmp": "^0.2.1"
   },
   "noAnalyze": true,
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
diff --git a/lang/js/test/interop_data_test.js b/lang/js/test/interop_data_test.js
index 07468d89037..4ec24ae4545 100644
--- a/lang/js/test/interop_data_test.js
+++ b/lang/js/test/interop_data_test.js
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ var files = require('../lib/files'),
        fs = require('fs'),
      path = require('path');
 
-suite('interop', function() {
+describe('interop', function() {
 
-  test('interop', function() {
+  it('interop', function() {
     var codecs = files.streams.BlockDecoder.getDefaultCodecs();
     var dir = "../../build/interop/data";
     fs.readdirSync(dir).forEach(function (file) {
diff --git a/lang/js/test/test_files.js b/lang/js/test/test_files.js
index 4586dfd87ad..43d5df60162 100644
--- a/lang/js/test/test_files.js
+++ b/lang/js/test/test_files.js
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ var streams = files.streams;
 var types = schemas.types;
 
 
-suite('files', function () {
+describe('files', function () {
 
-  suite('parse', function () {
+  describe('parse', function () {
 
     var parse = files.parse;
 
-    test('type object', function () {
+    it('type object', function () {
       var obj = {
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ suite('files', function () {
       assert(parse(obj) instanceof types.RecordType);
     });
 
-    test('protocol object', function () {
+    it('protocol object', function () {
       var obj = {protocol: 'Foo'};
       assert(parse(obj) instanceof protocols.Protocol);
     });
 
-    test('schema instance', function () {
+    it('schema instance', function () {
       var type = parse({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ suite('files', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(parse(type), type);
     });
 
-    test('stringified schema', function () {
+    it('stringified schema', function () {
       assert(parse('"int"') instanceof types.IntType);
     });
 
-    test('type name', function () {
+    it('type name', function () {
       assert(parse('double') instanceof types.DoubleType);
     });
 
-    test('file', function () {
+    it('file', function () {
       var t1 = parse({type: 'fixed', name: 'id.Id', size: 64});
       var t2 = parse(path.join(__dirname, 'dat', 'Id.avsc'));
       assert.deepEqual(JSON.stringify(t1), JSON.stringify(t2));
@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('RawEncoder', function () {
+  describe('RawEncoder', function () {
 
     var RawEncoder = streams.RawEncoder;
 
-    test('flush once', function (cb) {
+    it('flush once', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var buf;
       var encoder = new RawEncoder(t)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(-2);
     });
 
-    test('write multiple', function (cb) {
+    it('write multiple', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var bufs = [];
       var encoder = new RawEncoder(t, {batchSize: 1})
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(1);
     });
 
-    test('resize', function (cb) {
+    it('resize', function (cb) {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'A', size: 2});
       var data = Buffer.from([48, 18]);
       var buf;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end();
     });
 
-    test('flush when full', function (cb) {
+    it('flush when full', function (cb) {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'A', size: 2});
       var data = Buffer.from([48, 18]);
       var chunks = [];
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end();
     });
 
-    test('empty', function (cb) {
+    it('empty', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var chunks = [];
       var encoder = new RawEncoder(t, {batchSize: 2})
@@ -163,16 +163,16 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end();
     });
 
-    test('missing writer type', function () {
+    it('missing writer type', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { new RawEncoder(); });
     });
 
-    test('writer type from schema', function () {
+    it('writer type from schema', function () {
       var encoder = new RawEncoder('int');
       assert(encoder._type instanceof types.IntType);
     });
 
-    test('invalid object', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid object', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var encoder = new RawEncoder(t)
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('RawDecoder', function () {
+  describe('RawDecoder', function () {
 
     var RawDecoder = streams.RawDecoder;
 
-    test('single item', function (cb) {
+    it('single item', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var objs = [];
       var decoder = new RawDecoder(t)
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(Buffer.from([0]));
     });
 
-    test('no writer type', function () {
+    it('no writer type', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { new RawDecoder(); });
     });
 
-    test('decoding', function (cb) {
+    it('decoding', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var objs = [];
       var decoder = new RawDecoder(t)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(Buffer.from([4]));
     });
 
-    test('no decoding', function (cb) {
+    it('no decoding', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var bufs = [Buffer.from([3]), Buffer.from([124])];
       var objs = [];
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(bufs[1]);
     });
 
-    test('write partial', function (cb) {
+    it('write partial', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('bytes');
       var objs = [];
       var decoder = new RawDecoder(t)
@@ -244,29 +244,29 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('BlockEncoder', function () {
+  describe('BlockEncoder', function () {
 
     var BlockEncoder = streams.BlockEncoder;
 
-    test('invalid type', function () {
+    it('invalid type', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { new BlockEncoder(); });
     });
 
-    test('invalid codec', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid codec', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var encoder = new BlockEncoder(t, {codec: 'foo'})
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
       encoder.write(2);
     });
 
-    test('invalid object', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid object', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var encoder = new BlockEncoder(t)
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
       encoder.write('hi');
     });
 
-    test('empty', function (cb) {
+    it('empty', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var chunks = [];
       var encoder = new BlockEncoder(t)
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end();
     });
 
-    test('flush on finish', function (cb) {
+    it('flush on finish', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var chunks = [];
       var encoder = new BlockEncoder(t, {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(4);
     });
 
-    test('flush when full', function (cb) {
+    it('flush when full', function (cb) {
       var chunks = [];
       var encoder = new BlockEncoder(createType('int'), {
         omitHeader: true,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(64);
     });
 
-    test('resize', function (cb) {
+    it('resize', function (cb) {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', size: 8, name: 'Eight'});
       var buf = Buffer.from('abcdefgh');
       var chunks = [];
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(buf);
     });
 
-    test('compression error', function (cb) {
+    it('compression error', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var codecs = {
         invalid: function (data, cb) { cb(new Error('ouch')); }
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(12);
     });
 
-    test('write non-canonical schema', function (cb) {
+    it('write non-canonical schema', function (cb) {
       var obj = {type: 'fixed', size: 2, name: 'Id', doc: 'An id.'};
       var id = Buffer.from([1, 2]);
       var ids = [];
@@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('BlockDecoder', function () {
+  describe('BlockDecoder', function () {
 
     var BlockDecoder = streams.BlockDecoder;
 
-    test('invalid magic bytes', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid magic bytes', function (cb) {
       var decoder = new BlockDecoder()
         .on('data', function () {})
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(SYNC);
     });
 
-    test('invalid sync marker', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid sync marker', function (cb) {
       var decoder = new BlockDecoder()
         .on('data', function () {})
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(Buffer.from('alongerstringthansixteenbytes'));
     });
 
-    test('missing codec', function (cb) {
+    it('missing codec', function (cb) {
       var decoder = new BlockDecoder()
         .on('data', function () {})
         .on('end', function () { cb(); });
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(header.$toBuffer());
     });
 
-    test('unknown codec', function (cb) {
+    it('unknown codec', function (cb) {
       var decoder = new BlockDecoder()
         .on('data', function () {})
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       decoder.end(header.$toBuffer());
     });
 
-    test('invalid schema', function (cb) {
+    it('invalid schema', function (cb) {
       var decoder = new BlockDecoder()
         .on('data', function () {})
         .on('error', function () { cb(); });
@@ -444,9 +444,9 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('encode & decode', function () {
+  describe('encode & decode', function () {
 
-    test('uncompressed int', function (cb) {
+    it('uncompressed int', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var objs = [];
       var encoder = new streams.BlockEncoder(t);
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(48);
     });
 
-    test('uncompressed int non decoded', function (cb) {
+    it('uncompressed int non decoded', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var objs = [];
       var encoder = new streams.BlockEncoder(t);
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(48);
     });
 
-    test('deflated records', function (cb) {
+    it('deflated records', function (cb) {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end();
     });
 
-    test('decompression error', function (cb) {
+    it('decompression error', function (cb) {
       var t = createType('int');
       var codecs = {
         'null': function (data, cb) { cb(new Error('ouch')); }
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       encoder.end(1);
     });
 
-    test('decompression late read', function (cb) {
+    it('decompression late read', function (cb) {
       var chunks = [];
       var encoder = new streams.BlockEncoder(createType('int'));
       var decoder = new streams.BlockDecoder();
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
 
   });
 
-  test('createFileDecoder', function (cb) {
+  it('createFileDecoder', function (cb) {
     var n = 0;
     var type = loadSchema(path.join(DPATH, 'Person.avsc'));
     files.createFileDecoder(path.join(DPATH, 'person-10.avro'))
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  test('createFileEncoder', function (cb) {
+  it('createFileEncoder', function (cb) {
     var type = createType({
       type: 'record',
       name: 'Person',
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ suite('files', function () {
     });
   });
 
-  test('extractFileHeader', function () {
+  it('extractFileHeader', function () {
     var header;
     var fpath = path.join(DPATH, 'person-10.avro');
     header = files.extractFileHeader(fpath);
diff --git a/lang/js/test/test_protocols.js b/lang/js/test/test_protocols.js
index c3cce96810b..786fc8fedbc 100644
--- a/lang/js/test/test_protocols.js
+++ b/lang/js/test/test_protocols.js
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ var HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_TYPE = protocols.HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_TYPE;
 var createProtocol = protocols.createProtocol;
 
 
-suite('protocols', function () {
+describe('protocols', function () {
 
-  suite('Protocol', function () {
+  describe('Protocol', function () {
 
-    test('get name and types', function () {
+    it('get name and types', function () {
       var p = createProtocol({
         namespace: 'foo',
         protocol: 'HelloWorld',
@@ -70,20 +70,20 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       assert.equal(p.getType('foo.Greeting').getName(true), 'record');
     });
 
-    test('missing message', function () {
+    it('missing message', function () {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({namespace: 'com.acme', protocol: 'Hello'});
       assert.throws(function () {
         ptcl.on('add', function () {});
       }, /unknown/);
     });
 
-    test('missing name', function () {
+    it('missing name', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createProtocol({namespace: 'com.acme', messages: {}});
       });
     });
 
-    test('missing type', function () {
+    it('missing type', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createProtocol({
           namespace: 'com.acme',
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('get messages', function () {
+    it('get messages', function () {
       var ptcl;
       ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       assert.deepEqual(ptcl.getMessages(), {});
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       assert(messages.ping !== undefined);
     });
 
-    test('create listener', function (done) {
+    it('create listener', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var transport = new stream.PassThrough();
       var ee = ptcl.createListener(transport, function (pending) {
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       ee.destroy();
     });
 
-    test('subprotocol', function () {
+    it('subprotocol', function () {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({namespace: 'com.acme', protocol: 'Hello'});
       var subptcl = ptcl.subprotocol();
       assert.strictEqual(subptcl._emitterResolvers, ptcl._emitterResolvers);
       assert.strictEqual(subptcl._listenerResolvers, ptcl._listenerResolvers);
     });
 
-    test('invalid emitter', function (done) {
+    it('invalid emitter', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       ptcl.emit('hi', {}, null, function (err) {
         assert(/invalid emitter/.test(err.string));
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('inspect', function () {
+    it('inspect', function () {
       var p = createProtocol({
         namespace: 'hello',
         protocol: 'World',
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('Message', function () {
+  describe('Message', function () {
 
     var Message = protocols.Message;
 
-    test('empty errors', function () {
+    it('empty errors', function () {
       var m = new Message('Hi', {
         request: [{name: 'greeting', type: 'string'}],
         response: 'int'
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(m.errorType.toString(), '["string"]');
     });
 
-    test('missing response', function () {
+    it('missing response', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         new Message('Hi', {
           request: [{name: 'greeting', type: 'string'}]
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('invalid one-way', function () {
+    it('invalid one-way', function () {
       // Non-null response.
       assert.throws(function () {
         new Message('Hi', {
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('MessageDecoder', function () {
+  describe('MessageDecoder', function () {
 
     var MessageDecoder = protocols.streams.MessageDecoder;
 
-    test('ok', function (done) {
+    it('ok', function (done) {
       var parts = [
         Buffer.from([0, 1]),
         Buffer.from([2]),
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       readable.pipe(new MessageDecoder()).pipe(writable);
     });
 
-    test('trailing data', function (done) {
+    it('trailing data', function (done) {
       var parts = [
         Buffer.from([0, 1]),
         Buffer.from([2]),
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         .pipe(writable);
     });
 
-    test('empty', function (done) {
+    it('empty', function (done) {
       var readable = createReadableStream([], true);
       readable
         .pipe(new MessageDecoder(true))
@@ -246,15 +246,15 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('MessageEncoder', function () {
+  describe('MessageEncoder', function () {
 
     var MessageEncoder = protocols.streams.MessageEncoder;
 
-    test('invalid frame size', function () {
+    it('invalid frame size', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { new MessageEncoder(); });
     });
 
-    test('ok', function (done) {
+    it('ok', function (done) {
       var messages = [
         Buffer.from([0, 1]),
         Buffer.from([2])
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('all zeros', function (done) {
+    it('all zeros', function (done) {
       var messages = [Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0])];
       var frames = [];
       var readable = createReadableStream(messages, true);
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('short frame size', function (done) {
+    it('short frame size', function (done) {
       var messages = [
         Buffer.from([0, 1, 2]),
         Buffer.from([2])
@@ -319,9 +319,9 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('StatefulEmitter', function () {
+  describe('StatefulEmitter', function () {
 
-    test('ok handshake', function (done) {
+    it('ok handshake', function (done) {
       var buf = HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_TYPE.toBuffer({match: 'BOTH'});
       var bufs = [];
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('no server match handshake', function (done) {
+    it('no server match handshake', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var resBufs = [
         {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('incompatible protocol', function (done) {
+    it('incompatible protocol', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var hash = Buffer.alloc(16); // Pretend the hash was different.
       var resBufs = [
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('handshake error', function (done) {
+    it('handshake error', function (done) {
       var resBufs = [
         Buffer.from([4, 0, 0]), // Invalid handshakes.
         Buffer.from([4, 0, 0])
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('orphan response', function (done) {
+    it('orphan response', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var idType = protocols.IdType.createMetadataType();
       var resBufs = [
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('ended readable', function (done) {
+    it('ended readable', function (done) {
       var bufs = [];
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       ptcl.createEmitter(createTransport([], bufs))
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('interrupted', function (done) {
+    it('interrupted', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Empty',
         messages: {
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('missing client message', function (done) {
+    it('missing client message', function (done) {
       var ptcl1 = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('missing server message', function (done) {
+    it('missing server message', function (done) {
       var ptcl1 = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('trailing data', function (done) {
+    it('trailing data', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       transports[0].readable.end(Buffer.from([2, 3]));
     });
 
-    test('invalid metadata', function (done) {
+    it('invalid metadata', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('invalid response', function (done) {
+    it('invalid response', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('one way', function (done) {
+    it('one way', function (done) {
       var beats = 0;
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('StatelessEmitter', function () {
+  describe('StatelessEmitter', function () {
 
-    test('interrupted before response data', function (done) {
+    it('interrupted before response data', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Ping',
         messages: {ping: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -623,9 +623,9 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('StatefulListener', function () {
+  describe('StatefulListener', function () {
 
-    test('end readable', function (done) {
+    it('end readable', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var transports = createPassthroughTransports();
       ptcl.createListener(transports[0])
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       transports[0].readable.end();
     });
 
-    test('finish writable', function (done) {
+    it('finish writable', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var transports = createPassthroughTransports();
       ptcl.createListener(transports[0])
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       transports[0].writable.end();
     });
 
-    test('invalid handshake', function (done) {
+    it('invalid handshake', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var transport = createTransport(
         [Buffer.from([4])], // Invalid handshake.
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('missing server message', function (done) {
+    it('missing server message', function (done) {
       var ptcl1 = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
       var ptcl2 = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('invalid metadata', function (done) {
+    it('invalid metadata', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('unknown message', function (done) {
+    it('unknown message', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('invalid request', function (done) {
+    it('invalid request', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    test('destroy', function (done) {
+    it('destroy', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -809,9 +809,9 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('StatelessListener', function () {
+  describe('StatelessListener', function () {
 
-    test('unknown message', function (done) {
+    it('unknown message', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
       ]));
     });
 
-    test('late writable', function (done) {
+    it('late writable', function (done) {
       var ptcl = createProtocol({
         protocol: 'Heartbeat',
         messages: {beat: {request: [], response: 'boolean'}}
@@ -876,9 +876,9 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('emit', function () {
+  describe('emit', function () {
 
-    suite('stateful', function () {
+    describe('stateful', function () {
 
       run(function (emitterPtcl, listenerPtcl, cb) {
         var pt1 = new stream.PassThrough();
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('stateless', function () {
+    describe('stateless', function () {
 
       run(function (emitterPtcl, listenerPtcl, cb) {
         cb(emitterPtcl.createEmitter(writableFactory));
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
     function run(setupFn) {
 
-      test('single', function (done) {
+      it('single', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
           messages: {
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('invalid request', function (done) {
+      it('invalid request', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
           messages: {
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('error response', function (done) {
+      it('error response', function (done) {
         var msg = 'must be non-negative';
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('invalid response', function (done) {
+      it('invalid response', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
           messages: {
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('invalid error', function (done) {
+      it('invalid error', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
           messages: {
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('out of order', function (done) {
+      it('out of order', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Delay',
           messages: {
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('compatible protocols', function (done) {
+      it('compatible protocols', function (done) {
         var emitterPtcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'emitterProtocol',
           messages: {
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         );
       });
 
-      test('cached compatible protocols', function (done) {
+      it('cached compatible protocols', function (done) {
         var ptcl1 = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'emitterProtocol',
           messages: {
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         );
       });
 
-      test('incompatible protocols', function (done) {
+      it('incompatible protocols', function (done) {
         var emitterPtcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'emitterProtocol',
           messages: {
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         );
       });
 
-      test('unknown message', function (done) {
+      it('unknown message', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({protocol: 'Empty'});
         setupFn(ptcl, ptcl, function (ee) {
           ptcl.emit('echo', {}, ee, function (err) {
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('unsupported message', function (done) {
+      it('unsupported message', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Echo',
           messages: {
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('destroy emitter noWait', function (done) {
+      it('destroy emitter noWait', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Delay',
           messages: {
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
         });
       });
 
-      test('destroy emitter', function (done) {
+      it('destroy emitter', function (done) {
         var ptcl = createProtocol({
           protocol: 'Math',
           messages: {
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ suite('protocols', function () {
 
   });
 
-  test('throw error', function () {
+  it('throw error', function () {
     assert(!tryCatch(null));
     assert.equal(tryCatch(new Error('hi')), 'hi');
     assert.equal(tryCatch('hi'), 'hi');
diff --git a/lang/js/test/test_schemas.js b/lang/js/test/test_schemas.js
index 33797e9948a..0cc0996b894 100644
--- a/lang/js/test/test_schemas.js
+++ b/lang/js/test/test_schemas.js
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ var createType = schemas.createType;
 var types = schemas.types;
 
 
-suite('types', function () {
+describe('types', function () {
 
-  suite('BooleanType', function () {
+  describe('BooleanType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.BooleanType, data);
 
-    test('to JSON', function () {
+    it('to JSON', function () {
       var t = new types.BooleanType();
       assert.equal(t.toJSON(), 'boolean');
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = new types.BooleanType();
       var bt = t.toBuffer(true);
       var bf = t.toBuffer(false);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(bt, bt), 0);
     });
 
-    test('get name', function () {
+    it('get name', function () {
       var t = new types.BooleanType();
       assert.strictEqual(t.getName(), undefined);
       assert.equal(t.getName(true), 'boolean');
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('IntType', function () {
+  describe('IntType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.IntType, data);
 
-    test('toBuffer int', function () {
+    it('toBuffer int', function () {
 
       var type = createType('int');
       assert.equal(type.fromBuffer(Buffer.from([0x80, 0x01])), 64);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     });
 
-    test('resolve int > long', function () {
+    it('resolve int > long', function () {
       var intType = createType('int');
       var longType = createType('long');
       var buf = intType.toBuffer(123);
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    test('resolve int > [null, int]', function () {
+    it('resolve int > [null, int]', function () {
       var wt = createType('int');
       var rt = createType(['null', 'int']);
       var buf = wt.toBuffer(123);
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    test('resolve int > float', function () {
+    it('resolve int > float', function () {
       var wt = createType('int');
       var rt = createType('float');
       var buf = wt.toBuffer(123);
       assert.deepEqual(rt.fromBuffer(buf, rt.createResolver(wt)), 123);
     });
 
-    test('resolve int > double', function () {
+    it('resolve int > double', function () {
       var wt = createType('int');
       var rt = createType('double');
       var n = Math.pow(2, 30) + 1;
@@ -120,23 +120,23 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(rt.fromBuffer(buf, rt.createResolver(wt)), n);
     });
 
-    test('toString', function () {
+    it('toString', function () {
       assert.equal(createType('int').toString(), '"int"');
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = createType('int');
       assert.equal(t.clone(123), 123);
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(''); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve invalid', function () {
+    it('resolve invalid', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { getResolver('int', 'long'); });
     });
 
   });
 
-  suite('LongType', function () {
+  describe('LongType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.LongType, data);
 
-    test('resolve invalid', function () {
+    it('resolve invalid', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { getResolver('long', 'double'); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve long > float', function () {
+    it('resolve long > float', function () {
       var t1 = createType('long');
       var t2 = createType('float');
       var n = 9007199254740990; // Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER - 1
@@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(t2.isValid(f));
     });
 
-    test('precision loss', function () {
+    it('precision loss', function () {
       var type = createType('long');
       var buf = Buffer.from([0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x20]);
       assert.throws(function () { type.fromBuffer(buf); });
     });
 
-    test('using missing methods', function () {
+    it('using missing methods', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { types.LongType.using(); });
     });
 
   });
 
-  suite('StringType', function () {
+  describe('StringType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.StringType, data);
 
-    test('fromBuffer string', function () {
+    it('fromBuffer string', function () {
       var type = createType('string');
       var buf = Buffer.from([0x06, 0x68, 0x69, 0x21]);
       var s = 'hi!';
@@ -192,13 +192,13 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(buf.equals(type.toBuffer(s)));
     });
 
-    test('toBuffer string', function () {
+    it('toBuffer string', function () {
       var type = createType('string');
       var buf = Buffer.from([0x06, 0x68, 0x69, 0x21]);
       assert(buf.equals(type.toBuffer('hi!', 1)));
     });
 
-    test('resolve string > bytes', function () {
+    it('resolve string > bytes', function () {
       var stringT = createType('string');
       var bytesT = createType('bytes');
       var buf = stringT.toBuffer('\x00\x01');
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    test('encode resize', function () {
+    it('encode resize', function () {
       var t = createType('string');
       var s = 'hello';
       var b, pos;
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('NullType', function () {
+  describe('NullType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('FloatType', function () {
+  describe('FloatType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.FloatType, data);
 
-    test('compare buffer', function () {
+    it('compare buffer', function () {
       var t = createType('float');
       var b1 = t.toBuffer(0.5);
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b1), 0);
@@ -259,17 +259,17 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b3), -1);
     });
 
-    test('resolver double > float', function () {
+    it('resolver double > float', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { getResolver('float', 'double'); });
     });
 
-    test('fromString', function () {
+    it('fromString', function () {
       var t = createType('float');
       var f = t.fromString('3.1');
       assert(t.isValid(f));
     });
 
-    test('clone from double', function () {
+    it('clone from double', function () {
       var t = createType('float');
       var d = 3.1;
       var f;
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('DoubleType', function () {
+  describe('DoubleType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -291,11 +291,11 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.DoubleType, data);
 
-    test('resolver string > double', function () {
+    it('resolver string > double', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { getResolver('double', 'string'); });
     });
 
-    test('compare buffer', function () {
+    it('compare buffer', function () {
       var t = createType('double');
       var b1 = t.toBuffer(0.5);
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b1), 0);
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('BytesType', function () {
+  describe('BytesType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.BytesType, data);
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = createType('bytes');
       var s = '\x01\x02';
       var buf = Buffer.from(s);
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(1, {coerceBuffers: true}); });
     });
 
-    test('fromString', function () {
+    it('fromString', function () {
       var t = createType('bytes');
       var s = '\x01\x02';
       var buf = Buffer.from(s);
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(clone, buf);
     });
 
-    test('compare', function () {
+    it('compare', function () {
       var t = createType('bytes');
       var b1 = t.toBuffer(Buffer.from([0, 2]));
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b1), 0);
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('UnionType', function () {
+  describe('UnionType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -396,42 +396,42 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.UnionType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('getTypes', function () {
+    it('getTypes', function () {
       var t = createType(['null', 'int']);
       assert.deepEqual(t.getTypes(), [createType('null'), createType('int')]);
     });
 
-    test('instanceof Union', function () {
+    it('instanceof Union', function () {
       var type = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       assert(type instanceof types.UnionType);
     });
 
-    test('missing name write', function () {
+    it('missing name write', function () {
       var type = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.toBuffer({b: 'a'});
       });
     });
 
-    test('read invalid index', function () {
+    it('read invalid index', function () {
       var type = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       var buf = Buffer.from([1, 0]);
       assert.throws(function () { type.fromBuffer(buf); });
     });
 
-    test('non wrapped write', function () {
+    it('non wrapped write', function () {
       var type = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.toBuffer(1, true);
       }, Error);
     });
 
-    test('to JSON', function () {
+    it('to JSON', function () {
       var type = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       assert.equal(JSON.stringify(type), '["null","int"]');
     });
 
-    test('resolve int to [long, int]', function () {
+    it('resolve int to [long, int]', function () {
       var t1 = createType('int');
       var t2 = createType(['long', 'int']);
       var a = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -439,14 +439,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, a), {'long': 23});
     });
 
-    test('resolve null to [null, int]', function () {
+    it('resolve null to [null, int]', function () {
       var t1 = createType('null');
       var t2 = createType(['null', 'int']);
       var a = t2.createResolver(t1);
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(Buffer.alloc(0), a), null);
     });
 
-    test('resolve [string, int] to [long, string]', function () {
+    it('resolve [string, int] to [long, string]', function () {
       var t1 = createType(['string', 'int']);
       var t2 = createType(['int', 'bytes']);
       var a = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, a), {'int': 1});
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = new types.UnionType(['null', 'int']);
       var o = {'int': 1};
       assert.strictEqual(t.clone(null), null);
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(undefined); });
     });
 
-    test('clone and wrap', function () {
+    it('clone and wrap', function () {
       var t = createType(['string', 'int']);
       var o;
       o = t.clone('hi', {wrapUnions: true});
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(null, {wrapUnions: 2}); });
     });
 
-    test('invalid multiple keys', function () {
+    it('invalid multiple keys', function () {
       var t = createType(['null', 'int']);
       var o = {'int': 2};
       assert(t.isValid(o));
@@ -487,13 +487,13 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(!t.isValid(o));
     });
 
-    test('clone multiple keys', function () {
+    it('clone multiple keys', function () {
       var t = createType(['null', 'int']);
       var o = {'int': 2, foo: 3};
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(o); });
     });
 
-    test('clone unqualified names', function () {
+    it('clone unqualified names', function () {
       var t = createType({
         name: 'Person',
         type: 'record',
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t.clone(o), {id1: b, id2: {'an.Id': b}});
     });
 
-    test('clone unqualified names', function () {
+    it('clone unqualified names', function () {
       var t = createType({
         name: 'Person',
         type: 'record',
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(o); });
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = createType(['null', 'double']);
       var b1 = t.toBuffer(null);
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b1), 0);
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b3, b2), 1);
     });
 
-    test('compare', function () {
+    it('compare', function () {
       var t;
       t = createType(['null', 'int']);
       assert.equal(t.compare(null, {'int': 3}), -1);
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('EnumType', function () {
+  describe('EnumType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.EnumType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('get full name', function () {
+    it('get full name', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'enum',
         symbols: ['A', 'B'],
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getName(), 'latin.Letter');
     });
 
-    test('get aliases', function () {
+    it('get aliases', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'enum',
         symbols: ['A', 'B'],
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getAliases().length, 3);
     });
 
-    test('get symbols', function () {
+    it('get symbols', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'enum', symbols: ['A', 'B'], name: 'Letter'});
       var symbols = t.getSymbols();
       assert.deepEqual(symbols, ['A', 'B']);
@@ -602,26 +602,26 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getSymbols().length, 2);
     });
 
-    test('duplicate symbol', function () {
+    it('duplicate symbol', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({type: 'enum', symbols: ['A', 'B', 'A'], name: 'B'});
       });
     });
 
-    test('write invalid', function () {
+    it('write invalid', function () {
       var type = createType({type: 'enum', symbols: ['A'], name: 'a'});
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.toBuffer('B');
       });
     });
 
-    test('read invalid index', function () {
+    it('read invalid index', function () {
       var type = new types.EnumType({type: 'enum', symbols: ['A'], name: 'a'});
       var buf = Buffer.from([2]);
       assert.throws(function () { type.fromBuffer(buf); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve', function () {
+    it('resolve', function () {
       var t1, t2, buf, resolver;
       t1 = newEnum('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
       t2 = newEnum('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
@@ -653,14 +653,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'enum', name: 'Foo', symbols: ['bar', 'baz']});
       assert.equal(t.clone('bar'), 'bar');
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone('BAR'); });
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(null); });
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'enum', name: 'Foo', symbols: ['bar', 'baz']});
       var b1 = t.toBuffer('bar');
       var b2 = t.toBuffer('baz');
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b2, b1), 1);
     });
 
-    test('compare', function () {
+    it('compare', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'enum', name: 'Foo', symbols: ['b', 'a']});
       assert.equal(t.compare('b', 'a'), -1);
       assert.equal(t.compare('a', 'a'), 0);
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('FixedType', function () {
+  describe('FixedType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.FixedType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('get full name', function () {
+    it('get full name', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'fixed',
         size: 2,
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getName(), 'id.Id');
     });
 
-    test('get aliases', function () {
+    it('get aliases', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'fixed',
         size: 3,
@@ -720,12 +720,12 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getAliases().length, 1);
     });
 
-    test('get size', function () {
+    it('get size', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', size: 5, name: 'Id'});
       assert.equal(t.getSize(), 5);
     });
 
-    test('resolve', function () {
+    it('resolve', function () {
       var t1 = new types.FixedType({name: 'Id', size: 4});
       var t2 = new types.FixedType({name: 'Id', size: 4});
       assert.doesNotThrow(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = new types.FixedType({name: 'Id', size: 2});
       var s = '\x01\x02';
       var buf = Buffer.from(s);
@@ -753,14 +753,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(Buffer.from([2])); });
     });
 
-    test('getSchema with extra fields', function () {
+    it('getSchema with extra fields', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'Id', size: 2, three: 3});
       t.one = 1;
       assert.equal(t.getSchema(), '{"name":"Id","type":"fixed","size":2}');
       assert.equal(t.getSchema(true), '"Id"');
     });
 
-    test('fromString', function () {
+    it('fromString', function () {
       var t = new types.FixedType({name: 'Id', size: 2});
       var s = '\x01\x02';
       var buf = Buffer.from(s);
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(clone, buf);
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'Id', size: 2});
       var b1 = Buffer.from([1, 2]);
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b1), 0);
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('MapType', function () {
+  describe('MapType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -812,30 +812,30 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.MapType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('get values type', function () {
+    it('get values type', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       assert.deepEqual(t.getValuesType(), createType('int'));
     });
 
-    test('write int', function () {
+    it('write int', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var buf = t.toBuffer({'\x01': 3, '\x02': 4});
       assert.deepEqual(buf, Buffer.from([4, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 8, 0]));
     });
 
-    test('read long', function () {
+    it('read long', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'long'});
       var buf = Buffer.from([4, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 8, 0]);
       assert.deepEqual(t.fromBuffer(buf), {'\x01': 3, '\x02': 4});
     });
 
-    test('read with sizes', function () {
+    it('read with sizes', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var buf = Buffer.from([1,6,2,97,2,0]);
       assert.deepEqual(t.fromBuffer(buf), {a: 1});
     });
 
-    test('skip', function () {
+    it('skip', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         name: 'Foo',
         type: 'record',
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(v2.fromBuffer(b2, resolver), {val: 3});
     });
 
-    test('resolve int > long', function () {
+    it('resolve int > long', function () {
       var t1 = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var t2 = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'long'});
       var resolver = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), obj);
     });
 
-    test('resolve double > double', function () {
+    it('resolve double > double', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'double'});
       var resolver = t.createResolver(t);
       var obj = {one: 1, two: 2};
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), obj);
     });
 
-    test('resolve invalid', function () {
+    it('resolve invalid', function () {
       var t1 = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var t2 = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'string'});
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve fixed', function () {
+    it('resolve fixed', function () {
       var t1 = createType({
         type: 'map', values: {name: 'Id', type: 'fixed', size: 2}
       });
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), obj);
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var o = {one: 1, two: 2};
       var c = t.clone(o);
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(undefined); });
     });
 
-    test('clone coerce buffers', function () {
+    it('clone coerce buffers', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'bytes'});
       var o = {one: {type: 'Buffer', data: [1]}};
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone(o); });
@@ -914,13 +914,13 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(c, {one: Buffer.from([1])});
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'bytes'});
       var b1 = t.toBuffer({});
       assert.throws(function () { t.compareBuffers(b1, b1); });
     });
 
-    test('isValid hook', function () {
+    it('isValid hook', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var o = {one: 1, two: 'deux', three: null, four: 4};
       var errs = {};
@@ -934,14 +934,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('getName', function () {
+    it('getName', function () {
       var t = new types.MapType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       assert.strictEqual(t.getName(), undefined);
     });
 
   });
 
-  suite('ArrayType', function () {
+  describe('ArrayType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -960,18 +960,18 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.ArrayType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('get items type', function () {
+    it('get items type', function () {
       var t = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       assert.deepEqual(t.getItemsType(), createType('int'));
     });
 
-    test('read with sizes', function () {
+    it('read with sizes', function () {
       var t = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       var buf = Buffer.from([1,2,2,0]);
       assert.deepEqual(t.fromBuffer(buf), [1]);
     });
 
-    test('skip', function () {
+    it('skip', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         name: 'Foo',
         type: 'record',
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(v2.fromBuffer(b2, resolver), {val: 3});
     });
 
-    test('resolve string items to bytes items', function () {
+    it('resolve string items to bytes items', function () {
       var t1 = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'string'});
       var t2 = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'bytes'});
       var resolver = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), [Buffer.from([1, 2])]);
     });
 
-    test('resolve invalid', function () {
+    it('resolve invalid', function () {
       var t1 = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'string'});
       var t2 = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'long'});
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = new types.ArrayType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       var o = [1, 2];
       var c = t.clone(o);
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t.clone({}); });
     });
 
-    test('clone coerce buffers', function () {
+    it('clone coerce buffers', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'array',
         items: {type: 'fixed', name: 'Id', size: 2}
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(c, [Buffer.from([1, 2])]);
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers', function () {
+    it('compare buffers', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(t.toBuffer([]), t.toBuffer([])), 0);
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(t.toBuffer([1, 2]), t.toBuffer([])), 1);
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(t.toBuffer([1, 2]), t.toBuffer([1])), 1);
     });
 
-    test('compare', function () {
+    it('compare', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       assert.equal(t.compare([], []), 0);
       assert.equal(t.compare([], [-1]), -1);
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compare([2], [1, 2]), 1);
     });
 
-    test('isValid hook invalid array', function () {
+    it('isValid hook invalid array', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       var hookCalled = false;
       assert(!t.isValid({}, {errorHook: hook}));
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('isValid hook invalid elems', function () {
+    it('isValid hook invalid elems', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'array', items: 'int'});
       var paths = [];
       assert(!t.isValid([0, 3, 'hi', 5, 'hey'], {errorHook: hook}));
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('RecordType', function () {
+  describe('RecordType', function () {
 
     var data = [
       {
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     testType(types.RecordType, data, schemas);
 
-    test('duplicate field names', function () {
+    it('duplicate field names', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({
           type: 'record',
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('default constructor', function () {
+    it('default constructor', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(p.constructor, Person);
     });
 
-    test('default check & write', function () {
+    it('default check & write', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(type.toBuffer({}), Buffer.from([50, 2, 1]));
     });
 
-    test('fixed string default', function () {
+    it('fixed string default', function () {
       var s = '\x01\x04';
       var b = Buffer.from(s);
       var type = createType({
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(type.toBuffer({}), b);
     });
 
-    test('fixed buffer invalid default', function () {
+    it('fixed buffer invalid default', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({
           type: 'record',
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('union invalid default', function () {
+    it('union invalid default', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({
           type: 'record',
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('record default', function () {
+    it('record default', function () {
       var d = {street: null, zip: 123};
       var Person = createType({
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p.address, {street: null, zip: {'int': 123}});
     });
 
-    test('record keyword field name', function () {
+    it('record keyword field name', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(new Person(2), {'null': 2});
     });
 
-    test('record isValid', function () {
+    it('record isValid', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(!(new Person('a')).$isValid());
     });
 
-    test('record toBuffer', function () {
+    it('record toBuffer', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { (new Person()).$toBuffer(); });
     });
 
-    test('record compare', function () {
+    it('record compare', function () {
       var P = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(p2.$compare(p1), 1);
     });
 
-    test('Record type', function () {
+    it('Record type', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(Person.getType(), type);
     });
 
-    test('mutable defaults', function () {
+    it('mutable defaults', function () {
       var Person = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p2.friends, []);
     });
 
-    test('resolve alias', function () {
+    it('resolve alias', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { v3.createResolver(v1); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve alias with namespace', function () {
+    it('resolve alias with namespace', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.doesNotThrow(function () { v3.createResolver(v1); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve skip field', function () {
+    it('resolve skip field', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(v2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), {name: 'Ann'});
     });
 
-    test('resolve new field', function () {
+    it('resolve new field', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(v2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), {name: 'Ann', age: 25});
     });
 
-    test('resolve new field no default', function () {
+    it('resolve new field no default', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { v2.createResolver(v1); });
     });
 
-    test('resolve from recursive schema', function () {
+    it('resolve from recursive schema', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p2, {age: -1});
     });
 
-    test('resolve to recursive schema', function () {
+    it('resolve to recursive schema', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p2, {friends: []});
     });
 
-    test('resolve from both recursive schema', function () {
+    it('resolve from both recursive schema', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p2, {friends: [{friends: []}]});
     });
 
-    test('resolve multiple matching aliases', function () {
+    it('resolve multiple matching aliases', function () {
       var v1 = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { v2.createResolver(v1); });
     });
 
-    test('getName', function () {
+    it('getName', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1482,7 +1482,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getName(true), 'record');
     });
 
-    test('getSchema', function () {
+    it('getSchema', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getSchema(true), '"earth.Person"');
     });
 
-    test('getSchema recursive schema', function () {
+    it('getSchema recursive schema', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getSchema(true), '"earth.Person"');
     });
 
-    test('toString record', function () {
+    it('toString record', function () {
       var T = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1527,7 +1527,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(r.$toString(), T.getType().toString(r));
     });
 
-    test('clone', function () {
+    it('clone', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(c.$clone(), c);
     });
 
-    test('clone field hook', function () {
+    it('clone field hook', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(c, {name: 'ANN', age: 25});
     });
 
-    test('get full name & aliases', function () {
+    it('get full name & aliases', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t.getAliases(), []);
     });
 
-    test('field getters', function () {
+    it('field getters', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getFields().length, 2); // No change.
     });
 
-    test('field order', function () {
+    it('field order', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(field.getOrder(), 'ascending'); // Default.
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers default order', function () {
+    it('compare buffers default order', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b3), 1);
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers custom order', function () {
+    it('compare buffers custom order', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1633,7 +1633,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.compareBuffers(b1, b3), -1);
     });
 
-    test('compare buffers invalid order', function () {
+    it('compare buffers invalid order', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }); });
     });
 
-    test('error type', function () {
+    it('error type', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'error',
         name: 'Ouch',
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(err instanceof Error);
     });
 
-    test('isValid hook', function () {
+    it('isValid hook', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -1684,18 +1684,18 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('isValid empty record', function () {
+    it('isValid empty record', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'record', name: 'Person', fields: []});
       assert(t.isValid({}));
     });
 
   });
 
-  suite('AbstractLongType', function () {
+  describe('AbstractLongType', function () {
 
     var fastLongType = new types.LongType();
 
-    suite('unpacked', function () {
+    describe('unpacked', function () {
 
       var slowLongType = types.LongType.using({
         fromBuffer: function (buf) {
@@ -1735,30 +1735,30 @@ suite('types', function () {
         }
       });
 
-      test('encode', function () {
+      it('encode', function () {
         [123, -1, 321414, 900719925474090].forEach(function (n) {
           assert.deepEqual(slowLongType.toBuffer(n), fastLongType.toBuffer(n));
         });
       });
 
-      test('decode', function () {
+      it('decode', function () {
         [123, -1, 321414, 900719925474090].forEach(function (n) {
           var buf = fastLongType.toBuffer(n);
           assert.deepEqual(slowLongType.fromBuffer(buf), n);
         });
       });
 
-      test('clone', function () {
+      it('clone', function () {
         assert.equal(slowLongType.clone(123), 123);
         assert.equal(slowLongType.fromString('-1'), -1);
         assert.equal(slowLongType.toString(-1), '-1');
       });
 
-      test('random', function () {
+      it('random', function () {
         assert(slowLongType.isValid(slowLongType.random()));
       });
 
-      test('isValid hook', function () {
+      it('isValid hook', function () {
         var s = 'hi';
         var errs = [];
         assert(!slowLongType.isValid(s, {errorHook: hook}));
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('packed', function () {
+    describe('packed', function () {
 
       var slowLongType = types.LongType.using({
         fromBuffer: function (buf) {
@@ -1795,32 +1795,32 @@ suite('types', function () {
         }
       }, true);
 
-      test('encode', function () {
+      it('encode', function () {
         [123, -1, 321414, 900719925474090].forEach(function (n) {
           assert.deepEqual(slowLongType.toBuffer(n), fastLongType.toBuffer(n));
         });
       });
 
-      test('decode', function () {
+      it('decode', function () {
         [123, -1, 321414, 900719925474090].forEach(function (n) {
           var buf = fastLongType.toBuffer(n);
           assert.deepEqual(slowLongType.fromBuffer(buf), n);
         });
       });
 
-      test('clone', function () {
+      it('clone', function () {
         assert.equal(slowLongType.clone(123), 123);
         assert.equal(slowLongType.fromString('-1'), -1);
         assert.equal(slowLongType.toString(-1), '-1');
       });
 
-      test('random', function () {
+      it('random', function () {
         assert(slowLongType.isValid(slowLongType.random()));
       });
 
     });
 
-    test('incomplete buffer', function () {
+    it('incomplete buffer', function () {
       // Check that `fromBuffer` doesn't get called.
       var slowLongType = new types.LongType.using({
         fromBuffer: function () { throw new Error('no'); },
@@ -1839,7 +1839,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('LogicalType', function () {
+  describe('LogicalType', function () {
 
     function DateType(attrs, opts) {
       types.LogicalType.call(this, attrs, opts, [types.LongType]);
@@ -1872,7 +1872,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     var logicalTypes = {age: AgeType, date: DateType};
 
-    test('valid type', function () {
+    it('valid type', function () {
       var t = createType({
         type: 'long',
         logicalType: 'date'
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t.getSchema(), '"long"');
     });
 
-    test('invalid type', function () {
+    it('invalid type', function () {
       var attrs = {
         type: 'int',
         logicalType: 'date'
@@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('nested types', function () {
+    it('nested types', function () {
       var attrs = {
         name: 'Person',
         type: 'record',
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert(hasError);
     });
 
-    test('recursive', function () {
+    it('recursive', function () {
 
       function Person(friends) { this.friends = friends || []; }
 
@@ -1972,7 +1972,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(p2, p1);
     });
 
-    test('resolve underlying > logical', function () {
+    it('resolve underlying > logical', function () {
       var t1 = createType({type: 'string'});
       var t2 = createType({
         type: 'long',
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual('' + d2, '' + d1); // Rounding error on date objects.
     });
 
-    test('resolve logical > underlying', function () {
+    it('resolve logical > underlying', function () {
       var t1 = createType({
         type: 'long',
         logicalType: 'date'
@@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(t2.fromBuffer(buf, res), +d);
     });
 
-    suite('union logical types', function () {
+    describe('union logical types', function () {
       // Unions are slightly tricky to override with logical types since their
       // schemas aren't represented as objects.
 
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
         };
       }
 
-      test('unwrapped', function () {
+      it('unwrapped', function () {
 
         /**
         * A generic union type which exposes its values directly.
@@ -2064,7 +2064,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
       });
 
-      test('optional', function () {
+      it('optional', function () {
 
         /**
         * A basic optional type.
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
     });
 
-    test('even integer', function () {
+    it('even integer', function () {
       function EvenIntType(attrs, opts) {
         types.LogicalType.call(this, attrs, opts, [types.IntType]);
       }
@@ -2148,18 +2148,18 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('createType', function  () {
+  describe('createType', function  () {
 
-    test('null type', function () {
+    it('null type', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { createType(null); });
     });
 
-    test('unknown types', function () {
+    it('unknown types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { createType('a'); });
       assert.throws(function () { createType({type: 'b'}); });
     });
 
-    test('namespaced type', function () {
+    it('namespaced type', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Human',
@@ -2188,7 +2188,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(type._fields[1]._type._name, 'all.Alien');
     });
 
-    test('wrapped primitive', function () {
+    it('wrapped primitive', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -2197,45 +2197,45 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(type._fields[0]._type.constructor, types.NullType);
     });
 
-    test('fromBuffer truncated', function () {
+    it('fromBuffer truncated', function () {
       var type = createType('int');
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.fromBuffer(Buffer.from([128]));
       });
     });
 
-    test('fromBuffer bad resolver', function () {
+    it('fromBuffer bad resolver', function () {
       var type = createType('int');
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.fromBuffer(Buffer.from([0]), 123, {});
       });
     });
 
-    test('fromBuffer trailing', function () {
+    it('fromBuffer trailing', function () {
       var type = createType('int');
       assert.throws(function () {
         type.fromBuffer(Buffer.from([0, 2]));
       });
     });
 
-    test('fromBuffer trailing with resolver', function () {
+    it('fromBuffer trailing with resolver', function () {
       var type = createType('int');
       var resolver = type.createResolver(createType(['int']));
       assert.equal(type.fromBuffer(Buffer.from([0, 2]), resolver), 1);
     });
 
-    test('toBuffer', function () {
+    it('toBuffer', function () {
       var type = createType('int');
       assert.throws(function () { type.toBuffer('abc'); });
       assert.doesNotThrow(function () { type.toBuffer(123); });
     });
 
-    test('toBuffer and resize', function () {
+    it('toBuffer and resize', function () {
       var type = createType('string');
       assert.deepEqual(type.toBuffer('\x01', 1), Buffer.from([2, 1]));
     });
 
-    test('type hook', function () {
+    it('type hook', function () {
       var refs = [];
       var ts = [];
       var o = {
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       }
     });
 
-    test('type hook invalid return value', function () {
+    it('type hook invalid return value', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({type: 'int'}, {typeHook: hook});
       });
@@ -2273,14 +2273,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       function hook() { return 'int'; }
     });
 
-    test('fingerprint', function () {
+    it('fingerprint', function () {
       var t = createType('int');
       var buf = Buffer.from('ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32', 'hex');
       assert.deepEqual(t.getFingerprint('md5'), buf);
       assert.deepEqual(t.getFingerprint(), buf);
     });
 
-    test('getSchema default', function () {
+    it('getSchema default', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Human',
@@ -2304,21 +2304,21 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('fromString', function () {
+  describe('fromString', function () {
 
-    test('int', function () {
+    it('int', function () {
       var t = createType('int');
       assert.equal(t.fromString('2'), 2);
       assert.throws(function () { t.fromString('"a"'); });
     });
 
-    test('string', function () {
+    it('string', function () {
       var t = createType('string');
       assert.equal(t.fromString('"2"'), '2');
       assert.throws(function () { t.fromString('a'); });
     });
 
-    test('coerce buffers', function () {
+    it('coerce buffers', function () {
       var t = createType({
         name: 'Ids',
         type: 'record',
@@ -2333,9 +2333,9 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('toString', function () {
+  describe('toString', function () {
 
-    test('int', function () {
+    it('int', function () {
       var t = createType('int');
       assert.equal(t.toString(2), '2');
       assert.throws(function () { t.toString('a'); });
@@ -2343,15 +2343,15 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('resolve', function () {
+  describe('resolve', function () {
 
-    test('non type', function () {
+    it('non type', function () {
       var t = createType({type: 'map', values: 'int'});
       var obj = {type: 'map', values: 'int'};
       assert.throws(function () { t.createResolver(obj); });
     });
 
-    test('union to valid union', function () {
+    it('union to valid union', function () {
       var t1 = createType(['int', 'string']);
       var t2 = createType(['null', 'string', 'long']);
       var resolver = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -2359,13 +2359,13 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(t2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver), {'long': 12});
     });
 
-    test('union to invalid union', function () {
+    it('union to invalid union', function () {
       var t1 = createType(['int', 'string']);
       var t2 = createType(['null', 'long']);
       assert.throws(function () { t2.createResolver(t1); });
     });
 
-    test('union to non union', function () {
+    it('union to non union', function () {
       var t1 = createType(['int', 'long']);
       var t2 = createType('long');
       var resolver = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.throws(function () { t2.fromBuffer(buf, resolver); });
     });
 
-    test('union to invalid non union', function () {
+    it('union to invalid non union', function () {
       var t1 = createType(['int', 'long']);
       var t2 = createType('int');
       assert.throws(function() { t2.createResolver(t1); });
@@ -2383,9 +2383,9 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('type references', function () {
+  describe('type references', function () {
 
-    test('existing', function () {
+    it('existing', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(type, type._fields[0]._type);
     });
 
-    test('namespaced', function () {
+    it('namespaced', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -2414,7 +2414,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(type._fields[0]._type._name, 'a.Person');
     });
 
-    test('redefining', function () {
+    it('redefining', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({
           type: 'record',
@@ -2433,7 +2433,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('missing', function () {
+    it('missing', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({
           type: 'record',
@@ -2443,7 +2443,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       });
     });
 
-    test('redefining primitive', function () {
+    it('redefining primitive', function () {
       assert.throws( // Unqualified.
         function () { createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'int', size: 2}); }
       );
@@ -2454,7 +2454,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    test('aliases', function () {
+    it('aliases', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -2465,7 +2465,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(type._aliases, ['a.Human', 'b.Being']);
     });
 
-    test('invalid', function () {
+    it('invalid', function () {
       // Name.
       assert.throws(function () {
         createType({type: 'fixed', name: 'ID$', size: 3});
@@ -2482,16 +2482,16 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('decode', function () {
+  describe('decode', function () {
 
-    test('long valid', function () {
+    it('long valid', function () {
       var t = createType('long');
       var buf = Buffer.from([0, 128, 2, 0]);
       var res = t.decode(buf, 1);
       assert.deepEqual(res, {value: 128, offset: 3});
     });
 
-    test('bytes invalid', function () {
+    it('bytes invalid', function () {
       var t = createType('bytes');
       var buf = Buffer.from([4, 1]);
       var res = t.decode(buf, 0);
@@ -2500,9 +2500,9 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('encode', function () {
+  describe('encode', function () {
 
-    test('int valid', function () {
+    it('int valid', function () {
       var t = createType('int');
       var buf = Buffer.alloc(2);
       buf.fill(0);
@@ -2511,14 +2511,14 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.deepEqual(buf, Buffer.from([0, 10]));
     });
 
-    test('string invalid', function () {
+    it('string invalid', function () {
       var t = createType('string');
       var buf = Buffer.alloc(1);
       var n = t.encode('\x01\x02', buf, 0);
       assert.equal(n, -2);
     });
 
-    test('invalid', function () {
+    it('invalid', function () {
       var t = createType('float');
       var buf = Buffer.alloc(2);
       assert.throws(function () { t.encode('hi', buf, 0); });
@@ -2526,9 +2526,9 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('inspect', function () {
+  describe('inspect', function () {
 
-    test('type', function () {
+    it('type', function () {
       assert.equal(createType('int').inspect(), '<IntType>');
       assert.equal(
         createType({type: 'map', values: 'string'}).inspect(),
@@ -2540,7 +2540,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       );
     });
 
-    test('field', function () {
+    it('field', function () {
       var type = createType({
         type: 'record',
         name: 'Person',
@@ -2550,7 +2550,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
       assert.equal(field.inspect(), '<Field "age">');
     });
 
-    test('resolver', function () {
+    it('resolver', function () {
       var t1 = createType('int');
       var t2 = createType('double');
       var resolver = t2.createResolver(t1);
@@ -2559,7 +2559,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 
   });
 
-  test('reset', function () {
+  it('reset', function () {
     types.Type.__reset(0);
     var t = createType('string');
     var buf = t.toBuffer('\x01');
@@ -2571,7 +2571,7 @@ suite('types', function () {
 function testType(Type, data, invalidSchemas) {
 
   data.forEach(function (elem) {
-    test('roundtrip', function () {
+    it('roundtrip', function () {
       var type = new Type(elem.schema);
       elem.valid.forEach(function (v) {
         assert(type.isValid(v), '' + v);
@@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ function testType(Type, data, invalidSchemas) {
     });
   });
 
-  test('skip', function () {
+  it('skip', function () {
     data.forEach(function (elem) {
       var fn = elem.check || assert.deepEqual;
       var items = elem.valid;
@@ -2612,7 +2612,7 @@ function testType(Type, data, invalidSchemas) {
   });
 
   if (invalidSchemas) {
-    test('invalid', function () {
+    it('invalid', function () {
       invalidSchemas.forEach(function (schema) {
         assert.throws(function () { new Type(schema); });
       });
diff --git a/lang/js/test/test_utils.js b/lang/js/test/test_utils.js
index f68820ee731..ca72891e71a 100644
--- a/lang/js/test/test_utils.js
+++ b/lang/js/test/test_utils.js
@@ -25,33 +25,33 @@ var utils = require('../lib/utils'),
     assert = require('assert');
 
 
-suite('utils', function () {
+describe('utils', function () {
 
-  test('capitalize', function () {
+  it('capitalize', function () {
     assert.equal(utils.capitalize('abc'), 'Abc');
     assert.equal(utils.capitalize(''), '');
     assert.equal(utils.capitalize('aBc'), 'ABc');
   });
 
-  test('hasDuplicates', function () {
+  it('hasDuplicates', function () {
     assert(utils.hasDuplicates([1, 3, 1]));
     assert(!utils.hasDuplicates([]));
     assert(!utils.hasDuplicates(['ab', 'cb']));
     assert(utils.hasDuplicates(['ab', 'cb'], function (s) { return s[1]; }));
   });
 
-  test('single index of', function () {
+  it('single index of', function () {
     assert.equal(utils.singleIndexOf(null, 1), -1);
     assert.equal(utils.singleIndexOf([2], 2), 0);
     assert.equal(utils.singleIndexOf([3, 3], 3), -2);
     assert.equal(utils.singleIndexOf([2, 4], 4), 1);
   });
 
-  test('abstract function', function () {
+  it('abstract function', function () {
     assert.throws(utils.abstractFunction, utils.Error);
   });
 
-  test('OrderedQueue', function () {
+  it('OrderedQueue', function () {
 
     var seqs = [
       [0],
@@ -83,15 +83,15 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('Lcg', function () {
+  describe('Lcg', function () {
 
-    test('seed', function () {
+    it('seed', function () {
       var r1 = new utils.Lcg(48);
       var r2 = new utils.Lcg(48);
       assert.equal(r1.nextInt(), r2.nextInt());
     });
 
-    test('integer', function () {
+    it('integer', function () {
       var r = new utils.Lcg(48);
       var i;
       i = r.nextInt();
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
       assert.equal(i, 1);
     });
 
-    test('float', function () {
+    it('float', function () {
       var r = new utils.Lcg(48);
       var f;
       f = r.nextFloat();
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@ suite('utils', function () {
       assert.equal(f, 1);
     });
 
-    test('boolean', function () {
+    it('boolean', function () {
       var r = new utils.Lcg(48);
       assert(typeof r.nextBoolean() == 'boolean');
     });
 
-    test('choice', function () {
+    it('choice', function () {
       var r = new utils.Lcg(48);
       var arr = ['a'];
       assert(r.choice(arr), 'a');
       assert.throws(function () { r.choice([]); });
     });
 
-    test('string', function () {
+    it('string', function () {
       var r = new utils.Lcg(48);
       var s;
       s = r.nextString(10, 'aA#!');
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
   });
 
-  suite('Tap', function () {
+  describe('Tap', function () {
 
     var Tap = utils.Tap;
 
-    suite('int & long', function () {
+    describe('int & long', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [0, -1, 109213, -1211, -1312411211, 900719925474090],
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
         writer: function (n) { this.writeLong(n); }
       });
 
-      test('write', function () {
+      it('write', function () {
 
         var tap = newTap(6);
         tap.writeLong(1440756011948);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
       });
 
-      test('read', function () {
+      it('read', function () {
 
         var buf = Buffer.from(['0xd8', '0xce', '0x80', '0xbc', '0xee', '0x53']);
         assert.equal((new Tap(buf)).readLong(), 1440756011948);
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('boolean', function () {
+    describe('boolean', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [true, false],
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('float', function () {
+    describe('float', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [1, 3,1, -5, 1e9],
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('double', function () {
+    describe('double', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [1, 3,1, -5, 1e12],
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('string', function () {
+    describe('string', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: ['ahierw', '', 'alh hewlii! rew'],
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('bytes', function () {
+    describe('bytes', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [Buffer.from('abc'), Buffer.alloc(0), Buffer.from([1, 5, 255])],
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('fixed', function () {
+    describe('fixed', function () {
 
       testWriterReader({
         elems: [Buffer.from([1, 5, 255])],
@@ -234,16 +234,16 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('binary', function () {
+    describe('binary', function () {
 
-      test('write valid', function () {
+      it('write valid', function () {
         var tap = newTap(3);
         var s = '\x01\x02';
         tap.writeBinary(s, 2);
         assert.deepEqual(tap.buf, Buffer.from([1,2,0]));
       });
 
-      test('write invalid', function () {
+      it('write invalid', function () {
         var tap = newTap(1);
         var s = '\x01\x02';
         tap.writeBinary(s, 2);
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ suite('utils', function () {
 
     });
 
-    suite('pack & unpack longs', function () {
+    describe('pack & unpack longs', function () {
 
-      test('unpack single byte', function () {
+      it('unpack single byte', function () {
         var t = newTap(10);
         t.writeLong(5);
         t.pos = 0;
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
         t.pos = 0;
       });
 
-      test('unpack multiple bytes', function () {
+      it('unpack multiple bytes', function () {
         var t = newTap(10);
         var l;
         l = 18932;
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
         assert.deepEqual(t.unpackLongBytes().readInt32LE(), l);
       });
 
-      test('pack single byte', function () {
+      it('pack single byte', function () {
         var t = newTap(10);
         var b = Buffer.alloc(8);
         b.fill(0);
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
         assert.deepEqual(t.readLong(), -1);
       });
 
-      test('roundtrip', function () {
+      it('roundtrip', function () {
         roundtrip(1231514);
         roundtrip(-123);
         roundtrip(124124);
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ suite('utils', function () {
       var skipFn = opts.skipper;
       var name = opts.name || '';
 
-      test('write read ' + name, function () {
+      it('write read ' + name, function () {
         var tap = newTap(size || 1024);
         var i, l, elem;
         for (i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
@@ -363,19 +363,19 @@ suite('utils', function () {
         }
       });
 
-      test('read over ' + name, function () {
+      it('read over ' + name, function () {
         var tap = new Tap(Buffer.alloc(0));
         readFn.call(tap); // Shouldn't throw.
         assert(!tap.isValid());
       });
 
-      test('write over ' + name, function () {
+      it('write over ' + name, function () {
         var tap = new Tap(Buffer.alloc(0));
         writeFn.call(tap, elems[0]); // Shouldn't throw.
         assert(!tap.isValid());
       });
 
-      test('skip ' + name, function () {
+      it('skip ' + name, function () {
         var tap = newTap(size || 1024);
         var i, l, elem, pos;
         for (i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
diff --git a/lang/perl/Changes b/lang/perl/Changes
index 5620745b168..462f90e903a 100644
--- a/lang/perl/Changes
+++ b/lang/perl/Changes
@@ -1,5 +1,33 @@
 Revision history for Perl extension Avro
 
+        - Switch from JSON::XS to JSON::MaybeXS to support
+          multiple JSON backends
+        - Drop dependency on IO::String, since we don't need
+          it now we depend on Perl 5.10.1 or greater
+        - Support object containers without an explicit
+          codec. It will be assumed to be 'null' as mandated
+          by the spec.
+        - Fixed an issue that meant the minimum accepted values
+          for int and long types were off by one
+        - Silenced a spurious warning that was raised when
+          validating an undefined value for some data types
+        - Make sure Unicode strings are downgraded when they
+          are encoded in fields of type 'byte' or 'fixed'.
+          Errors resulting from this process will be raised as
+          Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error exceptions
+        - Fixed a bug with the detection of valid boolean values
+          which was not using anchors in a regular expression.
+          Valid values are (case insensitively) 'yes', 'y', 'no',
+          'n', 'true', 't', 'false', 'f', 0, 1, and anything that
+          is accepted by JSON::PP::is_bool. References rejected by
+          this last function are not valid
+        - Fixed some issues around the binary encoding of boolean
+          values. In particular, Avro::BinaryEncoder now correctly
+          encodes all the values that Avro::Schema accepts as
+          valid boolean values, which before were blindly evaluated
+          in boolean context resulting in strings like 'false'
+          being serialised as if they were true
+
 1.00  Fri Jan 17 15:00:00 2014
         - Relicense under apache license 2.0
 
diff --git a/lang/perl/MANIFEST b/lang/perl/MANIFEST
index bc8f9341af0..0674514797f 100644
--- a/lang/perl/MANIFEST
+++ b/lang/perl/MANIFEST
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ inc/Module/Install/Makefile.pm
 inc/Module/Install/MakeMaker.pm
 inc/Module/Install/Metadata.pm
 inc/Module/Install/ReadmeFromPod.pm
-inc/Module/Install/Repository.pm
 lib/Avro.pm
 lib/Avro/BinaryDecoder.pm
 lib/Avro/BinaryEncoder.pm
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ META.yml
 LICENSE
 NOTICE
 README
-VERSION.txt
 t/00_compile.t
 t/01_names.t
 t/01_schema.t
diff --git a/lang/perl/Makefile.PL b/lang/perl/Makefile.PL
index 69447e5651f..5da5e215423 100644
--- a/lang/perl/Makefile.PL
+++ b/lang/perl/Makefile.PL
@@ -19,28 +19,32 @@ use Config;
 use inc::Module::Install;
 
 my $version;
-for ('VERSION.txt', '../../share/VERSION.txt') {
-    if (-f) {
-        $version = `cat $_`;
-        last;
-    }
-}
+$version = `cat ../../share/VERSION.txt`;
 chomp $version;
 
 license 'apache';
 version $version;
+homepage 'http://avro.apache.org/';
+repository {
+    type => 'git',
+    url  => 'git://git.apache.org/avro.git',
+    web  => 'http://github.com/apache/avro',
+};
+bugtracker { web => 'http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO/' };
 readme_from 'lib/Avro.pm';
 all_from 'lib/Avro.pm';
-build_requires 'Test::More', 0.88;
+configure_requires 'Module::Install';
+configure_requires 'Module::Install::ReadmeFromPod';
 test_requires 'Math::BigInt';
 test_requires 'Perl::Critic';
 test_requires 'Test::Exception';
+test_requires 'Test::More', 0.88;
+test_requires 'Test::Pod';
 requires 'Compress::Zlib';
 requires 'Compress::Zstd';
 requires 'Encode';
 requires 'Error::Simple';
-requires 'IO::String';
-requires 'JSON::XS';
+requires 'JSON::MaybeXS';
 requires 'Object::Tiny';
 requires 'Regexp::Common';
 requires 'Try::Tiny';
@@ -48,7 +52,6 @@ requires 'parent';
 unless ($Config{use64bitint}) {
     requires 'Math::BigInt';
 }
-auto_set_repository();
 
 my %packages = (
     'Avro'                    => 'lib/Avro.pm',
diff --git a/lang/perl/bin/avro-to-json b/lang/perl/bin/avro-to-json
index 2ca4efc44d5..ff6f733b185 100644
--- a/lang/perl/bin/avro-to-json
+++ b/lang/perl/bin/avro-to-json
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ use warnings;
 use Avro::DataFileReader;
 use Carp;
 use IO::File;
-use JSON::XS;
+use JSON::MaybeXS ();
 
-my $j = JSON::XS->new->allow_nonref;
+my $j = JSON::MaybeXS->new->allow_nonref;
 
 my $fh = IO::File->new(shift || croak "specify a file");
 my $reader = Avro::DataFileReader->new(
diff --git a/lang/perl/build.sh b/lang/perl/build.sh
index 2b689276b82..e7634dbabab 100755
--- a/lang/perl/build.sh
+++ b/lang/perl/build.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ case "$target" in
     ;;
 
   dist)
-    cp ../../share/VERSION.txt .
     perl ./Makefile.PL && make dist
     ;;
 
diff --git a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryDecoder.pm b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryDecoder.pm
index fa12fcf0710..d2bb65e14f7 100644
--- a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryDecoder.pm
+++ b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryDecoder.pm
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ The schema we want to use to decode the data.
 
 =item * reader
 
-An object implementing a straightforward interface. C<read($buf, $nbytes)> and
-C<seek($nbytes, $whence)> are expected. Typically a IO::String object or a
-IO::File object. It is expected that this calls will block the decoder, if not
+A file handle, or an object implementing a similar interface, like L<IO::File>.
+Specifically, it must support C<read($buf, $nbytes)> and
+C<seek($nbytes, $whence)>. These calls will block the decoder if not
 enough data is available for read.
 
 =back
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ sub decode {
     my $type = Avro::Schema->match(
         writer => $writer_schema,
         reader => $reader_schema,
-    ) or throw Avro::Schema::Error::Mismatch;
+    ) or throw Avro::Schema::Error::Mismatch 'schema do not match';
 
     my $meth = "decode_$type";
     return $class->$meth($writer_schema, $reader_schema, $reader);
diff --git a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryEncoder.pm b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryEncoder.pm
index d476f4b4a2f..51399a64c8d 100644
--- a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryEncoder.pm
+++ b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/BinaryEncoder.pm
@@ -23,20 +23,26 @@ use Config;
 use Encode();
 use Error::Simple;
 use Regexp::Common qw(number);
+use JSON::PP; # For is_bool
 
 our $VERSION = '++MODULE_VERSION++';
 
-our $max64;
-our $complement = ~0x7F;
-if ($Config{use64bitint}) {
-    $max64 = 9223372036854775807;
-}
-else {
+# Private function deleted below, should be a lexical sub
+sub _bigint {
     require Math::BigInt;
-    $complement = Math::BigInt->new("0b" . ("1" x 57) . ("0" x 7));
-    $max64      = Math::BigInt->new("0b0" . ("1" x 63));
+    my $val = Math::BigInt->new(shift);
+
+    $Config{use64bitint}
+        ? 0 + $val->bstr() # numify() loses precision
+        : $val;
 }
 
+# Avro type limits
+# Private constants deleted below
+use constant INT_MAX => 0x7FFF_FFFF;
+use constant INT_MIN => -0x8000_0000;
+use constant LONG_MAX => _bigint('0x7FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF');
+use constant LONG_MIN => _bigint('-0x8000_0000_0000_0000');
 
 =head2 encode(%param)
 
@@ -86,7 +92,28 @@ sub encode_null {
 sub encode_boolean {
     my $class = shift;
     my ($schema, $data, $cb) = @_;
-    $cb->( $data ? \"\x1" : \"\x0" );
+
+    throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error( "<UNDEF> is not a valid boolean value")
+        unless defined $data;
+
+    if ( my $type = ref $data ) {
+        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("cannot encode a '$type' reference as boolean")
+            unless $type eq 'JSON::PP::Boolean';
+    }
+    else {
+        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error( "'$data' is not a valid boolean value")
+            unless $data eq '' # For Perl versions without builtin::is_bool
+                || JSON::PP::is_bool($data)
+                || $data =~ /^(?:true|t|false|f|yes|y|no|n|0|1)$/i;
+    }
+
+    # Some values might be false but evaluate to "truthy" for Perl,
+    # like the string 'false'. For these known exceptions, which
+    # would otherwise be false, we read a false value. For everything
+    # else, we rely on their value evaluated in a boolean context.
+    my $true = $data =~ /^(?:no|n|false|f)$/i ? 0 : !!$data;
+
+    $cb->( $true ? \"\x1" : \"\x0" );
 }
 
 sub encode_int {
@@ -95,8 +122,8 @@ sub encode_int {
     if ($data !~ /^$RE{num}{int}$/) {
         throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("cannot convert '$data' to integer");
     }
-    if (abs($data) > 0x7fffffff) {
-        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("int ($data) should be <= 32bits");
+    if ($data > INT_MAX || $data < INT_MIN) {
+        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("data ($data) out of range for Avro 'int'");
     }
 
     my $enc = unsigned_varint(zigzag($data));
@@ -109,8 +136,8 @@ sub encode_long {
     if ($data !~ /^$RE{num}{int}$/) {
         throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("cannot convert '$data' to long integer");
     }
-    if (abs($data) > $max64) {
-        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("int ($data) should be <= 64bits");
+    if ($data > LONG_MAX || $data < LONG_MIN) {
+        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("data ($data) out of range for Avro 'long'");
     }
     my $enc = unsigned_varint(zigzag($data));
     $cb->(\$enc);
@@ -133,7 +160,9 @@ sub encode_double {
 sub encode_bytes {
     my $class = shift;
     my ($schema, $data, $cb) = @_;
-    encode_long($class, undef, bytes::length($data), $cb);
+    throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("Invalid data given for 'bytes': Contains values >255")
+        unless utf8::downgrade($data, 1);
+    encode_long($class, undef, length($data), $cb);
     $cb->(\$data);
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +170,7 @@ sub encode_string {
     my $class = shift;
     my ($schema, $data, $cb) = @_;
     my $bytes = Encode::encode_utf8($data);
-    encode_long($class, undef, bytes::length($bytes), $cb);
+    encode_long($class, undef, length($bytes), $cb);
     $cb->(\$bytes);
 }
 
@@ -265,11 +294,16 @@ sub encode_union {
 sub encode_fixed {
     my $class = shift;
     my ($schema, $data, $cb) = @_;
-    if (bytes::length $data != $schema->size) {
-        my $s1 = bytes::length $data;
-        my $s2 = $schema->size;
-        throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("Fixed size doesn't match $s1!=$s2");
-    }
+
+    throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("Invalid data given for 'fixed': Contains values >255")
+        unless utf8::downgrade($data, 1);
+
+    my $length = length $data;
+    my $size   = $schema->size;
+
+    throw Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error("Fixed size doesn't match $length!=$size")
+        unless $length == $size;
+
     $cb->(\$data);
 }
 
@@ -283,14 +317,17 @@ sub zigzag {
 
 sub unsigned_varint {
     my @bytes;
-    while ($_[0] & $complement) {           # mask with continuation bit
-        push @bytes, ($_[0] & 0x7F) | 0x80; # out and set continuation bit
-        $_[0] >>= 7;                        # next please
+    while ($_[0] > 0x7F) {                  # while more than 7 bits to encode
+        push @bytes, ($_[0] & 0x7F) | 0x80; # append continuation bit and 7 data bits
+        $_[0] >>= 7;                        # get next 7 bits
     }
     push @bytes, $_[0]; # last byte
     return pack "C*", @bytes;
 }
 
+# Delete private symbols to avoid adding them to the API
+delete $Avro::BinaryEncoder::{$_} for '_bigint', <{INT,LONG}_{MIN,MAX}>;
+
 package Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error;
 use parent 'Error::Simple';
 
diff --git a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/DataFileReader.pm b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/DataFileReader.pm
index e6341cc46c2..0ef5f02cff5 100644
--- a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/DataFileReader.pm
+++ b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/DataFileReader.pm
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ sub new {
 
 sub codec {
     my $datafile = shift;
-    return $datafile->metadata->{'avro.codec'};
+    return $datafile->metadata->{'avro.codec'} || 'null';
 }
 
 sub writer_schema {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ sub read_file_header {
     $datafile->{sync_marker} = $data->{sync}
         or croak "sync marker appears invalid";
 
-    my $codec = $data->{meta}{'avro.codec'} || "";
+    my $codec = $data->{meta}{'avro.codec'} || 'null';
 
     throw Avro::DataFile::Error::UnsupportedCodec($codec)
         unless Avro::DataFile->is_codec_valid($codec);
diff --git a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Protocol.pm b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Protocol.pm
index ca892bc7463..f701f799266 100644
--- a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Protocol.pm
+++ b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Protocol.pm
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use Carp;
-use JSON::XS();
+use JSON::MaybeXS ();
 use Try::Tiny;
 use Avro::Protocol::Message;
 use Avro::Schema;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use Object::Tiny qw{
 
 our $VERSION = '++MODULE_VERSION++';
 
-my $json = JSON::XS->new->allow_nonref;
+my $json = JSON::MaybeXS->new->allow_nonref;
 
 sub parse {
     my $class     = shift;
diff --git a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Schema.pm b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Schema.pm
index 356c5ba0823..0543a90f062 100644
--- a/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Schema.pm
+++ b/lang/perl/lib/Avro/Schema.pm
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use Carp;
-use JSON::XS();
+use JSON::MaybeXS ();
 use Try::Tiny;
 
 our $VERSION = '++MODULE_VERSION++';
 
-my $json = JSON::XS->new->allow_nonref;
+my $json = JSON::MaybeXS->new->allow_nonref;
 
 sub parse {
     my $schema      = shift;
@@ -276,6 +276,14 @@ sub is_data_valid {
     my $schema = shift;
     my $data = shift;
     my $type = $schema->{type};
+
+    if ($type eq 'null') {
+        return ! defined $data;
+    }
+
+    # undef isn't valid for any other types
+    return 0 unless defined $data;
+
     if ($type eq 'int') {
         no warnings;
         my $packed_int = pack "l", $data;
@@ -284,6 +292,7 @@ sub is_data_valid {
     }
     if ($type eq 'long') {
         if ($Config{use64bitint}) {
+            return 0 unless defined $data;
             my $packed_int = pack "q", $data;
             my $unpacked_int = unpack "q", $packed_int;
             return $unpacked_int eq $data ? 1 : 0;
@@ -304,16 +313,17 @@ sub is_data_valid {
     if ($type eq 'float' or $type eq 'double') {
         $data =~ /^$RE{num}{real}$/ ? return 1 : 0;
     }
-    if ($type eq "bytes" or $type eq "string") {
-        return 1 unless !defined $data or ref $data;
+    if ($type eq 'bytes') {
+        return 0 if ref $data;
+        return 1 unless utf8::is_utf8($data) and $data =~ /[^\x00-\xFF]/;
     }
-    if ($type eq 'null') {
-        return defined $data ? 0 : 1;
+    if ($type eq 'string') {
+        return 1 unless ref $data;
     }
     if ($type eq 'boolean') {
+        return 1 if JSON::PP::is_bool($data);
         return 0 if ref $data; # sometimes risky
-        return 1 if $data =~ m{yes|no|y|n|t|f|true|false}i;
-        return 0;
+        return $data =~ m{^(?:yes|no|y|n|t|f|true|false|0|1)$}i;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -801,11 +811,10 @@ sub new {
 }
 
 sub is_data_valid {
-    my $schema = shift;
-    my $default = shift;
-    my $size = $schema->{size};
-    return 1 if $default && bytes::length $default == $size;
-    return 0;
+    my ( $schema, $data ) = @_;
+
+    return 0 if utf8::is_utf8($data) && $data =~ /[^\x00-\xFF]/;
+    return $data && length($data) == $schema->{size};
 }
 
 sub size {
diff --git a/lang/perl/share/interop-data-generate b/lang/perl/share/interop-data-generate
index c6596059a83..0144e71fc5f 100644
--- a/lang/perl/share/interop-data-generate
+++ b/lang/perl/share/interop-data-generate
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ my $datum = {
     },
 };
 
+my $metadata = {
+    user_metadata => 'someByteArray'
+};
+
 while (my ($codec, $enabled) = each(%Avro::DataFile::ValidCodec)) {
     next unless $enabled;
     my $outdir = '../../build/interop/data';
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ while (my ($codec, $enabled) = each(%Avro::DataFile::ValidCodec)) {
     my $writer = Avro::DataFileWriter->new(
         fh => $fh,
         codec => $codec,
+        metadata => $metadata,
         writer_schema => $writer_schema
     );
     $writer->print($datum);
diff --git a/lang/perl/t/01_schema.t b/lang/perl/t/01_schema.t
index 660ecf127dd..44a5809293c 100644
--- a/lang/perl/t/01_schema.t
+++ b/lang/perl/t/01_schema.t
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use Test::More;
-plan tests => 130;
+plan tests => 145;
 use Test::Exception;
 use_ok 'Avro::Schema';
 
@@ -42,6 +42,32 @@ isa_ok $s2, 'Avro::Schema::Primitive';
 is $s2->type, "string", "type is string";
 is $s, $s2, "string Schematas are singletons";
 
+## Perl strings as bytes
+{
+    my $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(q({"type": "bytes"}));
+    ok $schema->is_data_valid(''), 'Empty string is valid as bytes';
+    ok $schema->is_data_valid("\0"), 'Zero byte is valid as bytes';
+    ok !$schema->is_data_valid("\x{100}"), 'Values > 255 not valid as bytes';
+
+    my $bytes = '';
+    utf8::upgrade($bytes);
+
+    ok $schema->is_data_valid($bytes), 'Upgraded string valid as bytes';
+}
+
+## Perl strings as fixed
+{
+    my $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(q({"type": "fixed", "name": "foo", "size": 1 }));
+    ok !$schema->is_data_valid(''), 'Too few bytes vs. schema';
+    ok $schema->is_data_valid("\0"), 'Zero byte is valid as fixed';
+    ok !$schema->is_data_valid("\x{100}"), 'Values > 255 not valid as fixed';
+
+    my $bytes = "\xff";
+    utf8::upgrade($bytes);
+
+    ok $schema->is_data_valid($bytes), 'Upgraded string valid as fixed';
+}
+
 ## Records
 {
     my $s3 = Avro::Schema::Record->new(
@@ -457,6 +483,12 @@ EOJ
     isa_ok $s->fields->[0]{type}, 'Avro::Schema::Union';
 }
 
+## is_data_valid for primitives
+for my $type ( qw( int long float double string bytes boolean ) ) {
+    my $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(qq[{ "type": "$type" }]);
+    is $schema->is_data_valid(undef), 0, "$type is_data_valid undef";
+}
+
 sub match_ok {
     my ($w, $r, $msg) = @_;
     $msg ||= "match_ok";
diff --git a/lang/perl/t/02_bin_encode.t b/lang/perl/t/02_bin_encode.t
index d84aecfeaee..5be10e7b7d6 100644
--- a/lang/perl/t/02_bin_encode.t
+++ b/lang/perl/t/02_bin_encode.t
@@ -24,18 +24,26 @@ use Config;
 use Test::More;
 use Test::Exception;
 use Math::BigInt;
+use JSON::PP; # For booleans
 
 use_ok 'Avro::BinaryEncoder';
 
-sub primitive_ok {
-    my ($primitive_type, $primitive_val, $expected_enc) = @_;
+sub primitive {
+    my ($type, $data) = @_;
 
-    my $data;
-    my $meth = "encode_$primitive_type";
-    Avro::BinaryEncoder->$meth(
-        undef, $primitive_val, sub { $data = ${$_[0]} }
+    my $encoded;
+    my $method = "encode_$type";
+    Avro::BinaryEncoder->$method(
+        undef, $data, sub { $encoded = ${$_[0]} }
     );
-    is $data, $expected_enc, "primitive $primitive_type encoded correctly";
+    return $encoded;
+}
+
+sub primitive_ok {
+    my ($type, $have, $want) = @_;
+    my $data = primitive( $type => $have );
+    is primitive( $type => $have ), $want,
+        "primitive $type encoded @{[ $have // '<UNDEF>' ]} correctly";
     return $data;
 }
 
@@ -44,8 +52,48 @@ sub primitive_ok {
     primitive_ok null    =>    undef, '';
     primitive_ok null    => 'whatev', '';
 
-    primitive_ok boolean => 0, "\x0";
-    primitive_ok boolean => 1, "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 0,                 "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 1,                 "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'false',           "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'true',            "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'f',               "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 't',               "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'no',              "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'yes',             "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'n',               "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'y',               "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'FALSE',           "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'TRUE',            "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'F',               "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'T',               "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'NO',              "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'YES',             "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'N',               "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => 'Y',               "\x1";
+    primitive_ok boolean => !!0,               "\x0"; # Native false
+    primitive_ok boolean => !!1,               "\x1"; # Native true
+    primitive_ok boolean => $JSON::PP::false,  "\x0";
+    primitive_ok boolean => $JSON::PP::true,   "\x1";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive boolean => undef;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "<UNDEF> is not a valid boolean value";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive boolean => 2;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "'2' is not a valid boolean value";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive boolean => -1;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "'-1' is not a valid boolean value";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive boolean => 'anything truthy';
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "'anything truthy' is not a valid boolean value";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive boolean => {};
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "cannot encode a 'HASH' reference as boolean";
 
     ## - high-bit of each byte should be set except for last one
     ## - rest of bits are:
@@ -67,34 +115,37 @@ sub primitive_ok {
     ## BigInt values still work
     primitive_ok int     => Math::BigInt->new(-65), $p;
 
+    # test extremes
+    primitive_ok int     =>  Math::BigInt->new(2)**31 - 1, "\xfe\xff\xff\xff\x0f";
+    primitive_ok int     => -Math::BigInt->new(2)**31, "\xff\xff\xff\xff\x0f";
+    primitive_ok long    =>  Math::BigInt->new(2)**63 - 1, "\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x01";
+    primitive_ok long    => -Math::BigInt->new(2)**63, "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x01";
+
     throws_ok {
-        my $toobig;
-        if ($Config{use64bitint}) {
-            $toobig = 1<<32;
-        }
-        else {
-            require Math::BigInt;
-            $toobig = Math::BigInt->new(1)->blsft(32);
-        }
-        primitive_ok int => $toobig, undef;
-    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "33 bits";
+        primitive int => Math::BigInt->new(2)**31;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "32-bit signed int overflow";
 
     throws_ok {
-        primitive_ok int => Math::BigInt->new(1)->blsft(63), undef;
-    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "65 bits";
-
-    for (qw(long int)) {
-        throws_ok {
-            primitive_ok $_ =>  "x", undef;
-        } 'Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error', 'numeric values only';
-    };
+        primitive int => -Math::BigInt->new(2)**31 - 1;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "32-bit signed int underflow";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive int => Math::BigInt->new(2)**63;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "64-bit signed int overflow";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive long => -Math::BigInt->new(2)**63 - 1;
+    } "Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error", "64-bit signed int underflow";
+
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive $_ =>  "x";
+    } 'Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error', 'numeric values only' for qw(long int);
+
     # In Unicode, there are decimals that aren't 0-9.
     # Make sure we handle non-ascii decimals cleanly.
-    for (qw(long int)) {
-        throws_ok {
-            primitive_ok $_ =>  "\N{U+0661}", undef;
-        } 'Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error', 'ascii decimals only';
-    };
+    throws_ok {
+        primitive $_ =>  "\N{U+0661}";
+    } 'Avro::BinaryEncoder::Error', 'ascii decimals only' for qw(long int);
 }
 
 ## spec examples
@@ -153,4 +204,34 @@ EOJ
     is $enc, "\x00\x02\x61", "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Unions-a";
 }
 
+# unions other cases
+{
+    my $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(<<EOJ);
+[
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "rectangle",
+        "fields": [{ "name": "width", "type": "long" }, { "name": "height", "type": "long"}]
+    },
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "square",
+        "fields": [{ "name": "dim", "type": "long" }]
+    }
+]
+EOJ
+    my $warning = 0;
+    local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { $warning = 1; };
+    my $enc = '';
+    Avro::BinaryEncoder->encode(
+        schema  => $schema,
+        data    => { dim => 10 },
+        emit_cb => sub {
+            $enc .= ${ $_[0] }
+        },
+    );
+    is $enc, "\x02\x14", "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Unions-record-with-long-field";
+    is $warning, 0, "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Unions-record-with-long-field-nowarning";
+}
+
 done_testing;
diff --git a/lang/perl/t/03_bin_decode.t b/lang/perl/t/03_bin_decode.t
index c9fde32c109..e5da35d9983 100644
--- a/lang/perl/t/03_bin_decode.t
+++ b/lang/perl/t/03_bin_decode.t
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use Avro::Schema;
 use Avro::BinaryEncoder;
 use Test::More;
 use Test::Exception;
-use IO::String;
 
 use_ok 'Avro::BinaryDecoder';
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ use_ok 'Avro::BinaryDecoder';
 {
     my $enc = "\x06\x66\x6f\x6f";
     my $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(q({ "type": "string" }));
-    my $reader = IO::String->new($enc);
+    open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Can't open memory file: $!";
     my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $schema,
         reader_schema => $schema,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ use_ok 'Avro::BinaryDecoder';
           ]
           }
 EOJ
-    $reader = IO::String->new("\x36\x06\x66\x6f\x6f");
+    open $reader, '<', \"\x36\x06\x66\x6f\x6f" or die "Can't open memory file: $!";
     $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $schema,
         reader_schema => $schema,
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ EOJ
     is_deeply $dec, { a => 27, b => 'foo' },
                     "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Records";
 
-    $reader = IO::String->new("\x04\x06\x36\x00");
+    open $reader, '<', \"\x04\x06\x36\x00" or die "Can't open memory file: $!";
     $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(q({"type": "array", "items": "long"}));
     $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $schema,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ EOJ
     );
     is_deeply $dec, [3, 27], "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Arrays";
 
-    $reader = IO::String->new("\x02");
+    open $reader, '<', \"\x02" or die "Can't open memory file: $!";
     $schema = Avro::Schema->parse(q(["string","null"]));
     $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $schema,
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ EOJ
     );
     is $dec, undef, "Binary_Encodings.Complex_Types.Unions-null";
 
-    $reader =  IO::String->new("\x00\x02\x61");
+    open $reader, '<', \"\x00\x02\x61" or die "Can't open memory file: $!";
     $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $schema,
         reader_schema => $schema,
@@ -102,10 +101,11 @@ EOP
             data    => $data,
             emit_cb => sub { $enc = ${ $_[0] } },
         );
+        open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
         my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
             writer_schema => $w_enum,
             reader_schema => $r_enum,
-            reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+            reader        => $reader,
         );
         is $dec, $data, "decoded!";
     }
@@ -116,10 +116,11 @@ EOP
             data    => $data,
             emit_cb => sub { $enc = ${ $_[0] } },
         );
+        open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
         throws_ok { Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
             writer_schema => $w_enum,
             reader_schema => $r_enum,
-            reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+            reader        => $reader,
         )} "Avro::Schema::Error::Mismatch", "schema problem";
     }
 }
@@ -147,10 +148,11 @@ EOJ
         data    => $data,
         emit_cb => sub { $enc .= ${ $_[0] } },
     );
+    open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $w_schema,
         reader_schema => $r_schema,
-        reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+        reader        => $reader,
     );
     is $dec->{a}, 1, "easy";
     ok ! exists $dec->{bonus}, "bonus extra field ignored";
@@ -158,11 +160,12 @@ EOJ
 
     ## delete the default for t
     delete $r_schema->fields->[0]{default};
+    open $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     throws_ok {
         Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
             writer_schema => $w_schema,
             reader_schema => $r_schema,
-            reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+            reader        => $reader,
         );
     } "Avro::Schema::Error::Mismatch", "no default value!";
 }
@@ -182,10 +185,11 @@ EOP
         data    => $data,
         emit_cb => sub { $enc .= ${ $_[0] } },
     );
+    open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $w_schema,
         reader_schema => $r_schema,
-        reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+        reader        => $reader,
     );
 
     is_deeply $dec, $data, "decoded!";
@@ -207,18 +211,20 @@ EOP
         data    => $data,
         emit_cb => sub { $enc .= ${ $_[0] } },
     );
+    open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     throws_ok {
         Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
             writer_schema => $w_schema,
             reader_schema => $r_schema,
-            reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+            reader        => $reader,
         )
     } "Avro::Schema::Error::Mismatch", "recursively... fails";
 
+    open $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $w_schema,
         reader_schema => $w_schema,
-        reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+        reader        => $reader,
     );
     is_deeply $dec, $data, "decoded succeeded!";
 }
@@ -239,10 +245,11 @@ EOP
         data    => $data,
         emit_cb => sub { $enc .= ${ $_[0] } },
     );
+    open my $reader, '<', \$enc or die "Cannot open memory file: $!";
     my $dec = Avro::BinaryDecoder->decode(
         writer_schema => $w_schema,
         reader_schema => $w_schema,
-        reader => IO::String->new($enc),
+        reader        => $reader,
     );
     is_deeply $dec, $data, "decoded succeeded! +upgrade";
     is $dec->{one}[0], 1.0, "kind of dumb test";
diff --git a/lang/perl/t/04_datafile.t b/lang/perl/t/04_datafile.t
index 281c18f0d1b..df7861b191e 100644
--- a/lang/perl/t/04_datafile.t
+++ b/lang/perl/t/04_datafile.t
@@ -221,4 +221,21 @@ is_deeply $all[0], $data, "Our data is intact!";
     is scalar @next, 0, "no more objects back";
 }
 
+## Test with a datafile that has no codec
+{
+    my $container = join '',
+        "Obj\x{01}",
+        "\x{02}\x{16}avro.schema\x{10}\x{22}string\x{22}\x{00}",
+        "\x{de}\x{ad}\x{be}\x{ef}" x 4,
+        "\x{02}\x{08}\x{06}foo",
+        "\x{de}\x{ad}\x{be}\x{ef}" x 4;
+
+    open my $fh, '<', \$container or die "Could not open memory handle: $!";
+
+    my $reader = Avro::DataFileReader->new( fh => $fh );
+
+    my ($data) = $reader->next(1);
+    is $data, 'foo', 'Can read data from container without a codec';
+}
+
 done_testing;
diff --git a/lang/perl/xt/interop.t b/lang/perl/xt/interop.t
index 9af1648dedd..81cd48666e9 100644
--- a/lang/perl/xt/interop.t
+++ b/lang/perl/xt/interop.t
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ use warnings;
 use Test::More;
 use File::Basename qw(basename);
 use IO::File;
-use_ok 'Avro::DataFile';
-use_ok 'Avro::DataFileReader';
+
+BEGIN {
+    use_ok 'Avro::DataFile';
+    use_ok 'Avro::DataFileReader';
+}
 
 for my $path (glob '../../build/interop/data/*.avro') {
     my $fn = basename($path);
@@ -36,7 +39,13 @@ for my $path (glob '../../build/interop/data/*.avro') {
         }
     }
     my $fh = IO::File->new($path);
-    Avro::DataFileReader->new(fh => $fh);
+    my $reader = Avro::DataFileReader->new(fh => $fh);
+
+    my $metadata = $reader->metadata;
+    if (exists $metadata->{user_metadata}) {
+        is($metadata->{user_metadata}, 'someByteArray', "check user metadata");
+    }
+
     diag("Succeeded: ${path}");
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/perl/xt/schema.t b/lang/perl/xt/schema.t
index 5225ce455c2..06792b28de0 100644
--- a/lang/perl/xt/schema.t
+++ b/lang/perl/xt/schema.t
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use File::Find;
 use_ok 'Avro::Schema';
 
 sub parse {
-    next unless /\.avsc$/;
+    return unless /\.avsc$/;
     open(my $fh, '<', $_);
     local $/ = undef;
     my $schema = <$fh>;
diff --git a/lang/php/README.md b/lang/php/README.md
index 98cfd291186..9aa12d943be 100644
--- a/lang/php/README.md
+++ b/lang/php/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-|[![AVRO](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/avro/master/doc/src/resources/images/avro-logo.png)](https://github.com/apache/avro) | [![AVRO](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/avro/master/doc/src/resources/images/apache_feather.gif)](https://github.com/apac<he/avro)|
+| [<img src="https://www.apache.org/logos/res/avro/default.png" width="360" alt="Avro"/>](https://github.com/apache/avro) | [<img src="https://projects.apache.org/images/asf_logo.png" width="360" alt="Avro"/>](https://github.com/apache/avro) |
 |:-----|-----:|
 
 What the Avro PHP library is
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ your project's `composer.json` configuration file, and run `composer install`:
 ```json
 {
     "require-dev": {
-        "apache/avro": "dev-master"
+        "apache/avro": "dev-main"
     }
 }
 ```
diff --git a/lang/php/lib/DataFile/AvroDataIOWriter.php b/lang/php/lib/DataFile/AvroDataIOWriter.php
index d6914257b1f..730a2ef2dd7 100644
--- a/lang/php/lib/DataFile/AvroDataIOWriter.php
+++ b/lang/php/lib/DataFile/AvroDataIOWriter.php
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ class AvroDataIOWriter
      * @var string compression codec
      */
     private $codec;
+    /**
+     * @var string sync marker
+     */
+    private $sync_marker;
 
     /**
      * @param AvroIO $io
diff --git a/lang/php/lib/Datum/AvroIOBinaryDecoder.php b/lang/php/lib/Datum/AvroIOBinaryDecoder.php
index 7bf17e77ae3..870f56bd48b 100644
--- a/lang/php/lib/Datum/AvroIOBinaryDecoder.php
+++ b/lang/php/lib/Datum/AvroIOBinaryDecoder.php
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
  */
 class AvroIOBinaryDecoder
 {
-
     /**
      * @var AvroIO
      */
diff --git a/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocol.php b/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocol.php
index c05b2eab076..a1be7b79bf5 100644
--- a/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocol.php
+++ b/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocol.php
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
  */
 class AvroProtocol
 {
+    public $protocol;
     public $name;
     public $namespace;
     public $schemata;
diff --git a/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocolMessage.php b/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocolMessage.php
index 7068efad6c5..186e3ce5e8f 100644
--- a/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocolMessage.php
+++ b/lang/php/lib/Protocol/AvroProtocolMessage.php
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 class AvroProtocolMessage
 {
+    public $name;
+
     /**
      * @var AvroRecordSchema $request
      */
diff --git a/lang/php/test/DataFileTest.php b/lang/php/test/DataFileTest.php
index d40ca641f8a..d962866a828 100644
--- a/lang/php/test/DataFileTest.php
+++ b/lang/php/test/DataFileTest.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace Apache\Avro\Tests;
 
 use Apache\Avro\DataFile\AvroDataIO;
+use DateTime;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
 class DataFileTest extends TestCase
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ protected function add_data_file($data_file)
 
     public static function current_timestamp()
     {
-        return strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%S");
+        return date_format(new DateTime, 'Y-m-d H:i:s');
     }
 
     public function test_write_read_null_round_trip()
diff --git a/lang/py/MANIFEST.in b/lang/py/MANIFEST.in
index 1378ab8e2b6..b6002425096 100644
--- a/lang/py/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/lang/py/MANIFEST.in
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@
 
 include avro/*.avsc avro/tether/*.avpr 
 include avro/VERSION.txt avro/LICENSE avro/NOTICE
+include avro/py.typed
diff --git a/lang/py/README.md b/lang/py/README.md
index a7c86fc3928..0c3e34297aa 100644
--- a/lang/py/README.md
+++ b/lang/py/README.md
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ To contribute to Avro, please read [How to Contribute](https://cwiki.apache.org/
 
 ### License, Credits and Acknowledgements
 
-License, credits and acknowledgements are maintained in the [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/master/LICENSE.txt) and [NOTICE.txt](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/master/NOTICE.txt) in the source code repository. Those files are also included with the installed package.
+License, credits and acknowledgements are maintained in the [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt) and [NOTICE.txt](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/NOTICE.txt) in the source code repository. Those files are also included with the installed package.
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/__main__.py b/lang/py/avro/__main__.py
index 423de59ed63..44fda88252b 100755
--- a/lang/py/avro/__main__.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/__main__.py
@@ -171,7 +171,10 @@ def convert_union(value: str, field: avro.schema.Field) -> Union[int, float, str
 
 def iter_csv(info: IO[AnyStr], schema: avro.schema.RecordSchema) -> Generator[Dict[str, object], None, None]:
     header = [field.name for field in schema.fields]
-    for row in csv.reader(getattr(i, "decode", lambda: i)() for i in info):
+    # If i is bytes, decode into a string.
+    # If i is a string, no need to decode.
+    csv_data = (cast(str, getattr(i, "decode", lambda: i)()) for i in info)
+    for row in csv.reader(csv_data):
         values = [convert(v, f) for v, f in zip(row, schema.fields)]
         yield dict(zip(header, values))
 
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/compatibility.py b/lang/py/avro/compatibility.py
index 0ce084ae60b..6343003bd4d 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/compatibility.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/compatibility.py
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ class SchemaType(str, Enum):
     STRING = "string"
     UNION = "union"
 
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.value
+
 
 class SchemaCompatibilityType(Enum):
     compatible = "compatible"
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class SchemaCompatibilityResult:
     def __init__(
         self,
         compatibility: SchemaCompatibilityType = SchemaCompatibilityType.recursion_in_progress,
-        incompatibilities: List[SchemaIncompatibilityType] = None,
+        incompatibilities: Optional[List[SchemaIncompatibilityType]] = None,
         messages: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
         locations: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
     ):
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/datafile.py b/lang/py/avro/datafile.py
index 22bf2dd60da..0f002cee1b5 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/datafile.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/datafile.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 import json
 import warnings
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, BinaryIO, MutableMapping, Optional, Type, cast
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, MutableMapping, Optional, Type, cast
 
 import avro.codecs
 import avro.errors
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class DataFileWriter(_DataFileMetadata):
     _datum_writer: avro.io.DatumWriter
     _encoder: avro.io.BinaryEncoder
     _header_written: bool
-    _writer: BinaryIO
+    _writer: IO[bytes]
     block_count: int
     sync_marker: bytes
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def __init__(
         """If the schema is not present, presume we're appending."""
         if hasattr(writer, "mode") and "b" not in writer.mode:
             warnings.warn(avro.errors.AvroWarning(f"Writing binary data to a writer {writer!r} that's opened for text"))
-        bytes_writer = getattr(writer, "buffer", writer)
+        bytes_writer = cast(IO[bytes], getattr(writer, "buffer", writer))
         self._writer = bytes_writer
         self._encoder = avro.io.BinaryEncoder(bytes_writer)
         self._datum_writer = datum_writer
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.datum_writer.writers_schema = writers_schema
 
     @property
-    def writer(self) -> BinaryIO:
+    def writer(self) -> IO[bytes]:
         return self._writer
 
     @property
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class DataFileReader(_DataFileMetadata):
     _datum_reader: avro.io.DatumReader
     _file_length: int
     _raw_decoder: avro.io.BinaryDecoder
-    _reader: BinaryIO
+    _reader: IO[bytes]
     block_count: int
     sync_marker: bytes
 
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ class DataFileReader(_DataFileMetadata):
     # TODO(hammer): allow user to specify the encoder
 
     def __init__(self, reader: IO[AnyStr], datum_reader: avro.io.DatumReader) -> None:
-        if "b" not in reader.mode:
+        if hasattr(reader, "mode") and "b" not in reader.mode:
             warnings.warn(avro.errors.AvroWarning(f"Reader binary data from a reader {reader!r} that's opened for text"))
-        bytes_reader = getattr(reader, "buffer", reader)
+        bytes_reader = cast(IO[bytes], getattr(reader, "buffer", reader))
         self._reader = bytes_reader
         self._raw_decoder = avro.io.BinaryDecoder(bytes_reader)
         self._datum_decoder = None  # Maybe reset at every block.
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ def __iter__(self) -> "DataFileReader":
         return self
 
     @property
-    def reader(self) -> BinaryIO:
+    def reader(self) -> IO[bytes]:
         return self._reader
 
     @property
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/errors.py b/lang/py/avro/errors.py
index 5ff36032898..b961a04ae43 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/errors.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/errors.py
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class AvroException(Exception):
     """The base class for exceptions in avro."""
 
 
+class InvalidAvroBinaryEncoding(AvroException):
+    """For invalid numbers of bytes read."""
+
+
 class SchemaParseException(AvroException):
     """Raised when a schema failed to parse."""
 
@@ -40,6 +44,10 @@ class InvalidName(SchemaParseException):
     """User attempted to parse a schema with an invalid name."""
 
 
+class InvalidDefault(SchemaParseException):
+    """User attempted to parse a schema with an invalid default."""
+
+
 class AvroWarning(UserWarning):
     """Base class for warnings."""
 
@@ -112,3 +120,7 @@ class UsageError(RuntimeError, AvroException):
 
 class AvroRuntimeException(RuntimeError, AvroException):
     """Raised when compatibility parsing encounters an unknown type"""
+
+
+class UnknownFingerprintAlgorithmException(AvroException):
+    """Raised when attempting to generate a fingerprint with an unknown algorithm"""
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/io.py b/lang/py/avro/io.py
index d8b0f94128d..c43002a027e 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/io.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/io.py
@@ -89,17 +89,7 @@
 import decimal
 import struct
 import warnings
-from typing import (
-    BinaryIO,
-    Deque,
-    Generator,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
-    Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import IO, Generator, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Union
 
 import avro.constants
 import avro.errors
@@ -206,23 +196,28 @@ def _map_iterator(node: ValidationNode) -> ValidationNodeGeneratorType:
 class BinaryDecoder:
     """Read leaf values."""
 
-    _reader: BinaryIO
+    _reader: IO[bytes]
 
-    def __init__(self, reader: BinaryIO) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, reader: IO[bytes]) -> None:
         """
         reader is a Python object on which we can call read, seek, and tell.
         """
         self._reader = reader
 
     @property
-    def reader(self) -> BinaryIO:
+    def reader(self) -> IO[bytes]:
         return self._reader
 
     def read(self, n: int) -> bytes:
         """
         Read n bytes.
         """
-        return self.reader.read(n)
+        if n < 0:
+            raise avro.errors.InvalidAvroBinaryEncoding(f"Requested {n} bytes to read, expected positive integer.")
+        read_bytes = self.reader.read(n)
+        if len(read_bytes) != n:
+            raise avro.errors.InvalidAvroBinaryEncoding(f"Read {len(read_bytes)} bytes, expected {n} bytes")
+        return read_bytes
 
     def read_null(self) -> None:
         """
@@ -261,7 +256,7 @@ def read_float(self) -> float:
         """
         A float is written as 4 bytes.
         The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         """
         return float(STRUCT_FLOAT.unpack(self.read(4))[0])
 
@@ -269,7 +264,7 @@ def read_double(self) -> float:
         """
         A double is written as 8 bytes.
         The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         """
         return float(STRUCT_DOUBLE.unpack(self.read(8))[0])
 
@@ -410,16 +405,16 @@ def skip(self, n: int) -> None:
 class BinaryEncoder:
     """Write leaf values."""
 
-    _writer: BinaryIO
+    _writer: IO[bytes]
 
-    def __init__(self, writer: BinaryIO) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, writer: IO[bytes]) -> None:
         """
         writer is a Python object on which we can call write.
         """
         self._writer = writer
 
     @property
-    def writer(self) -> BinaryIO:
+    def writer(self) -> IO[bytes]:
         return self._writer
 
     def write(self, datum: bytes) -> None:
@@ -430,7 +425,6 @@ def write_null(self, datum: None) -> None:
         """
         null is written as zero bytes
         """
-        pass
 
     def write_boolean(self, datum: bool) -> None:
         """
@@ -459,7 +453,7 @@ def write_float(self, datum: float) -> None:
         """
         A float is written as 4 bytes.
         The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         """
         self.write(STRUCT_FLOAT.pack(datum))
 
@@ -467,7 +461,7 @@ def write_double(self, datum: float) -> None:
         """
         A double is written as 8 bytes.
         The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method equivalent to
-        Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
+        Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in little-endian format.
         """
         self.write(STRUCT_DOUBLE.pack(datum))
 
@@ -477,7 +471,7 @@ def write_decimal_bytes(self, datum: decimal.Decimal, scale: int) -> None:
         signed long is 8, 8 bytes are written.
         """
         sign, digits, exp = datum.as_tuple()
-        if (-1 * exp) > scale:
+        if (-1 * int(exp)) > scale:
             raise avro.errors.AvroOutOfScaleException(scale, datum, exp)
 
         unscaled_datum = 0
@@ -503,7 +497,7 @@ def write_decimal_fixed(self, datum: decimal.Decimal, scale: int, size: int) ->
         Decimal in fixed are encoded as size of fixed bytes.
         """
         sign, digits, exp = datum.as_tuple()
-        if (-1 * exp) > scale:
+        if (-1 * int(exp)) > scale:
             raise avro.errors.AvroOutOfScaleException(scale, datum, exp)
 
         unscaled_datum = 0
@@ -514,7 +508,7 @@ def write_decimal_fixed(self, datum: decimal.Decimal, scale: int, size: int) ->
         size_in_bits = size * 8
         offset_bits = size_in_bits - bits_req
 
-        mask = 2 ** size_in_bits - 1
+        mask = 2**size_in_bits - 1
         bit = 1
         for i in range(bits_req):
             mask ^= bit
@@ -579,7 +573,7 @@ def write_time_micros_long(self, datum: datetime.time) -> None:
         self.write_long(microseconds)
 
     def _timedelta_total_microseconds(self, timedelta_: datetime.timedelta) -> int:
-        return timedelta_.microseconds + (timedelta_.seconds + timedelta_.days * 24 * 3600) * 10 ** 6
+        return timedelta_.microseconds + (timedelta_.seconds + timedelta_.days * 24 * 3600) * 10**6
 
     def write_timestamp_millis_long(self, datum: datetime.datetime) -> None:
         """
@@ -694,8 +688,8 @@ def read_data(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.Schema, readers_schema: avro.sch
                     warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal precision {precision}. Must be a positive integer."))
                     return decoder.read_bytes()
                 scale = writers_schema.get_prop("scale")
-                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale > 0):
-                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a positive integer."))
+                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale >= 0):
+                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a non-negative integer."))
                     return decoder.read_bytes()
                 return decoder.read_decimal_from_bytes(precision, scale)
             return decoder.read_bytes()
@@ -706,8 +700,8 @@ def read_data(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.Schema, readers_schema: avro.sch
                     warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal precision {precision}. Must be a positive integer."))
                     return self.read_fixed(writers_schema, readers_schema, decoder)
                 scale = writers_schema.get_prop("scale")
-                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale > 0):
-                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a positive integer."))
+                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale >= 0):
+                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a non-negative integer."))
                     return self.read_fixed(writers_schema, readers_schema, decoder)
                 return decoder.read_decimal_from_fixed(precision, scale, writers_schema.size)
             return self.read_fixed(writers_schema, readers_schema, decoder)
@@ -805,7 +799,7 @@ def read_array(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.ArraySchema, readers_schema: av
         while block_count != 0:
             if block_count < 0:
                 block_count = -block_count
-                block_size = decoder.read_long()
+                decoder.skip_long()
             for i in range(block_count):
                 read_items.append(self.read_data(writers_schema.items, readers_schema.items, decoder))
             block_count = decoder.read_long()
@@ -842,7 +836,7 @@ def read_map(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.MapSchema, readers_schema: avro.s
         while block_count != 0:
             if block_count < 0:
                 block_count = -block_count
-                block_size = decoder.read_long()
+                decoder.skip_long()
             for i in range(block_count):
                 key = decoder.read_utf8()
                 read_items[key] = self.read_data(writers_schema.values, readers_schema.values, decoder)
@@ -1062,8 +1056,8 @@ def write_data(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.Schema, datum: object, encoder:
         if writers_schema.type == "bytes":
             if logical_type == "decimal":
                 scale = writers_schema.get_prop("scale")
-                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale > 0):
-                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a positive integer."))
+                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale >= 0):
+                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a non-negative integer."))
                 elif not isinstance(datum, decimal.Decimal):
                     warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"{datum} is not a decimal type"))
                 else:
@@ -1075,8 +1069,8 @@ def write_data(self, writers_schema: avro.schema.Schema, datum: object, encoder:
             if logical_type == "decimal":
                 scale = writers_schema.get_prop("scale")
                 size = writers_schema.size
-                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale > 0):
-                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a positive integer."))
+                if not (isinstance(scale, int) and scale >= 0):
+                    warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a non-negative integer."))
                 elif not isinstance(datum, decimal.Decimal):
                     warnings.warn(avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"{datum} is not a decimal type"))
                 else:
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/ipc.py b/lang/py/avro/ipc.py
index 2c3ff668581..7a5a5831f08 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/ipc.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/ipc.py
@@ -77,27 +77,41 @@ def __init__(self, local_protocol, transceiver):
         self._send_protocol = None
 
     # read-only properties
-    local_protocol = property(lambda self: self._local_protocol)
-    transceiver = property(lambda self: self._transceiver)
+    @property
+    def local_protocol(self):
+        return self._local_protocol
+
+    @property
+    def transceiver(self):
+        return self._transceiver
 
     # read/write properties
-    def set_remote_protocol(self, new_remote_protocol):
+    @property
+    def remote_protocol(self):
+        return self._remote_protocol
+
+    @remote_protocol.setter
+    def remote_protocol(self, new_remote_protocol):
         self._remote_protocol = new_remote_protocol
         REMOTE_PROTOCOLS[self.transceiver.remote_name] = self.remote_protocol
 
-    remote_protocol = property(lambda self: self._remote_protocol, set_remote_protocol)
+    @property
+    def remote_hash(self):
+        return self._remote_hash
 
-    def set_remote_hash(self, new_remote_hash):
+    @remote_hash.setter
+    def remote_hash(self, new_remote_hash):
         self._remote_hash = new_remote_hash
         REMOTE_HASHES[self.transceiver.remote_name] = self.remote_hash
 
-    remote_hash = property(lambda self: self._remote_hash, set_remote_hash)
+    @property
+    def send_protocol(self):
+        return self._send_protocol
 
-    def set_send_protocol(self, new_send_protocol):
+    @send_protocol.setter
+    def send_protocol(self, new_send_protocol):
         self._send_protocol = new_send_protocol
 
-    send_protocol = property(lambda self: self._send_protocol, set_send_protocol)
-
     def request(self, message_name, request_datum):
         """
         Writes a request message and reads a response or error message.
@@ -185,7 +199,7 @@ def read_call_response(self, message_name, decoder):
               the error, serialized per the message's error union schema.
         """
         # response metadata
-        response_metadata = META_READER.read(decoder)
+        META_READER.read(decoder)
 
         # remote response schema
         remote_message_schema = self.remote_protocol.messages.get(message_name)
@@ -236,9 +250,17 @@ def __init__(self, local_protocol):
         self.set_protocol_cache(self.local_hash, self.local_protocol)
 
     # read-only properties
-    local_protocol = property(lambda self: self._local_protocol)
-    local_hash = property(lambda self: self._local_hash)
-    protocol_cache = property(lambda self: self._protocol_cache)
+    @property
+    def local_protocol(self):
+        return self._local_protocol
+
+    @property
+    def local_hash(self):
+        return self._local_hash
+
+    @property
+    def protocol_cache(self):
+        return self._protocol_cache
 
     # utility functions to manipulate protocol cache
     def get_protocol_cache(self, hash):
@@ -266,7 +288,7 @@ def respond(self, call_request):
                 return buffer_writer.getvalue()
 
             # read request using remote protocol
-            request_metadata = META_READER.read(buffer_decoder)
+            META_READER.read(buffer_decoder)
             remote_message_name = buffer_decoder.read_utf8()
 
             # get remote and local request schemas so we can do
@@ -342,9 +364,8 @@ def process_handshake(self, decoder, encoder):
 
     def invoke(self, local_message, request):
         """
-        Aactual work done by server: cf. handler in thrift.
+        Actual work done by server: cf. handler in thrift.
         """
-        pass
 
     def read_request(self, writers_schema, readers_schema, decoder):
         datum_reader = avro.io.DatumReader(writers_schema, readers_schema)
@@ -371,7 +392,9 @@ def __init__(self, reader):
         self._reader = reader
 
     # read-only properties
-    reader = property(lambda self: self._reader)
+    @property
+    def reader(self):
+        return self._reader
 
     def read_framed_message(self):
         message = []
@@ -401,7 +424,9 @@ def __init__(self, writer):
         self._writer = writer
 
     # read-only properties
-    writer = property(lambda self: self._writer)
+    @property
+    def writer(self):
+        return self._writer
 
     def write_framed_message(self, message):
         message_length = len(message)
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/name.py b/lang/py/avro/name.py
index 0ea69745134..0d28338de59 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/name.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/name.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 """Contains the Name classes."""
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Optional
 
-from avro.constants import VALID_TYPES
+from avro.constants import PRIMITIVE_TYPES
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from avro.schema import NamedSchema
@@ -51,8 +51,11 @@ class Name:
     """Class to describe Avro name."""
 
     _full: Optional[str] = None
+    _name: Optional[str] = None
 
-    def __init__(self, name_attr: Optional[str] = None, space_attr: Optional[str] = None, default_space: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name_attr: Optional[str] = None, space_attr: Optional[str] = None, default_space: Optional[str] = None, validate_name: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
         """The fullname is determined in one of the following ways:
 
         - A name and namespace are both specified. For example, one might use "name": "X",
@@ -80,17 +83,23 @@ def __init__(self, name_attr: Optional[str] = None, space_attr: Optional[str] =
         if name_attr == "":
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException("Name must not be the empty string.")
         # The empty string may be used as a namespace to indicate the null namespace.
+        self._name = name_attr.split(".")[-1]
         self._full = (
             name_attr
             if "." in name_attr or space_attr == "" or not (space_attr or default_space)
             else f"{space_attr or default_space!s}.{name_attr!s}"
         )
-        _validate_fullname(self._full)
+        if validate_name:
+            _validate_fullname(self._full)
 
     def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         """Equality of names is defined on the fullname and is case-sensitive."""
         return hasattr(other, "fullname") and self.fullname == getattr(other, "fullname")
 
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._name
+
     @property
     def fullname(self) -> Optional[str]:
         return self._full
@@ -111,16 +120,17 @@ class Names:
 
     names: Dict[str, "NamedSchema"]
 
-    def __init__(self, default_namespace: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, default_namespace: Optional[str] = None, validate_names: bool = True) -> None:
         self.names = {}
         self.default_namespace = default_namespace
+        self.validate_names = validate_names
 
     def has_name(self, name_attr: str, space_attr: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
-        test = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace).fullname
+        test = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace, validate_name=self.validate_names).fullname
         return test in self.names
 
     def get_name(self, name_attr: str, space_attr: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional["NamedSchema"]:
-        test = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace).fullname
+        test = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace, validate_name=self.validate_names).fullname
         return None if test is None else self.names.get(test)
 
     def prune_namespace(self, properties: Dict[str, object]) -> Dict[str, object]:
@@ -152,9 +162,9 @@ def add_name(self, name_attr: str, space_attr: Optional[str], new_schema: "Named
 
         @return: the Name that was just added.
         """
-        to_add = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace)
+        to_add = Name(name_attr, space_attr, self.default_namespace, validate_name=self.validate_names)
 
-        if to_add.fullname in VALID_TYPES:
+        if to_add.fullname in PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"{to_add.fullname} is a reserved type name.")
         if to_add.fullname in self.names:
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f'The name "{to_add.fullname}" is already in use.')
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/protocol.py b/lang/py/avro/protocol.py
index e345bae7741..5477fc45f05 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/protocol.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/protocol.py
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class Protocol:
         "_name",
         "_namespace",
         "_types",
+        "_validate_names",
     ]
 
     _md5: bytes
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ class Protocol:
     _name: str
     _namespace: Optional[str]
     _types: Optional[Sequence[avro.schema.NamedSchema]]
+    _validate_names: bool
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ def __init__(
         namespace: Optional[str] = None,
         types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
         messages: Optional[Mapping[str, "MessageObject"]] = None,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
         if not name:
             raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException("Protocols must have a non-empty name.")
@@ -95,12 +98,13 @@ def __init__(
             raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException("The types property must be a list.")
         if not (messages is None or callable(getattr(messages, "get", None))):
             raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException("The messages property must be a JSON object.")
-        type_names = avro.name.Names()
+        self._validate_names = validate_names
+        type_names = avro.name.Names(validate_names=self._validate_names)
 
         self._name = name
         self._namespace = type_names.default_namespace = namespace
-        self._types = _parse_types(types, type_names) if types else None
-        self._messages = _parse_messages(messages, type_names) if messages else None
+        self._types = _parse_types(types, type_names, self._validate_names) if types else None
+        self._messages = _parse_messages(messages, type_names, self._validate_names) if messages else None
         self._md5 = hashlib.md5(str(self).encode()).digest()
 
     @property
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ def namespace(self) -> Optional[str]:
 
     @property
     def fullname(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        return avro.name.Name(self.name, self.namespace, None).fullname
+        return avro.name.Name(self.name, self.namespace, None, validate_name=self._validate_names).fullname
 
     @property
     def types(self) -> Optional[Sequence[avro.schema.NamedSchema]]:
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ def md5(self) -> bytes:
         return self._md5
 
     def to_json(self) -> Mapping[str, Union[str, Sequence[object], Mapping[str, "MessageObject"]]]:
-        names = avro.name.Names(default_namespace=self.namespace)
+        names = avro.name.Names(default_namespace=self.namespace, validate_names=self._validate_names)
         return {
             "protocol": self.name,
             **({"namespace": self.namespace} if self.namespace else {}),
@@ -167,12 +171,7 @@ class Message:
     The one-way parameter may only be true when the response type is "null" and no errors are listed.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = [
-        "_errors",
-        "_name",
-        "_request",
-        "_response",
-    ]
+    __slots__ = ["_errors", "_name", "_request", "_response", "_validate_names"]
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -181,12 +180,14 @@ def __init__(
         response: Union[str, object],
         errors: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
         names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
         self._name = name
-        names = names or avro.name.Names()
-        self._request = _parse_request(request, names)
-        self._response = _parse_response(response, names)
-        self._errors = _parse_errors(errors or [], names)
+        names = names or avro.name.Names(validate_names=validate_names)
+        self._request = _parse_request(request, names, validate_names)
+        self._response = _parse_response(response, names, validate_names)
+        self._errors = _parse_errors(errors or [], names, validate_names)
+        self._validate_names = validate_names
 
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         return json.dumps(self.to_json())
 
     def to_json(self, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None) -> "MessageObject":
-        names = names or avro.name.Names()
+        names = names or avro.name.Names(validate_names=self._validate_names)
 
         try:
             to_dump = MessageObject()
@@ -225,25 +226,25 @@ def __eq__(self, that: object) -> bool:
         return all(hasattr(that, prop) and getattr(self, prop) == getattr(that, prop) for prop in self.__class__.__slots__)
 
 
-def _parse_request(request: Sequence[Mapping[str, object]], names: avro.name.Names) -> avro.schema.RecordSchema:
+def _parse_request(request: Sequence[Mapping[str, object]], names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> avro.schema.RecordSchema:
     if not isinstance(request, Sequence):
         raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException(f"Request property not a list: {request}")
-    return avro.schema.RecordSchema(None, None, request, names, "request")
+    return avro.schema.RecordSchema(None, None, request, names, "request", validate_names=validate_names)
 
 
-def _parse_response(response: Union[str, object], names: avro.name.Names) -> avro.schema.Schema:
-    return (isinstance(response, str) and names.get_name(response)) or avro.schema.make_avsc_object(response, names)
+def _parse_response(response: Union[str, object], names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> avro.schema.Schema:
+    return (isinstance(response, str) and names.get_name(response)) or avro.schema.make_avsc_object(response, names, validate_names=validate_names)
 
 
-def _parse_errors(errors: Sequence[str], names: avro.name.Names) -> avro.schema.ErrorUnionSchema:
+def _parse_errors(errors: Sequence[str], names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> avro.schema.ErrorUnionSchema:
     """Even if errors is empty, we still want an ErrorUnionSchema with "string" in it."""
     if not isinstance(errors, Sequence):
         raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException(f"Errors property not a list: {errors}")
     errors_for_parsing = {"type": "error_union", "declared_errors": errors}
-    return cast(avro.schema.ErrorUnionSchema, avro.schema.make_avsc_object(errors_for_parsing, names))
+    return cast(avro.schema.ErrorUnionSchema, avro.schema.make_avsc_object(errors_for_parsing, names, validate_names=validate_names))
 
 
-def make_avpr_object(json_data: "ProtocolObject") -> Protocol:
+def make_avpr_object(json_data: "ProtocolObject", validate_names: bool = True) -> Protocol:
     """Build Avro Protocol from data parsed out of JSON string."""
     if not hasattr(json_data, "get"):
         raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException(f"Not a JSON object: {json_data}")
@@ -251,22 +252,22 @@ def make_avpr_object(json_data: "ProtocolObject") -> Protocol:
     namespace = json_data.get("namespace")
     types = json_data.get("types")
     messages = json_data.get("messages")
-    return Protocol(name, namespace, types, messages)
+    return Protocol(name, namespace, types, messages, validate_names)
 
 
-def parse(json_string: str) -> Protocol:
+def parse(json_string: str, validate_names: bool = True) -> Protocol:
     """Constructs the Protocol from the JSON text."""
     try:
         protocol_object = json.loads(json_string)
     except ValueError:
         raise avro.errors.ProtocolParseException(f"Error parsing JSON: {json_string}")
-    return make_avpr_object(protocol_object)
+    return make_avpr_object(protocol_object, validate_names)
 
 
-def _parse_types(types: Sequence[str], type_names: avro.name.Names) -> Sequence[avro.schema.NamedSchema]:
+def _parse_types(types: Sequence[str], type_names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> Sequence[avro.schema.NamedSchema]:
     schemas = []
     for type_ in types:
-        schema = avro.schema.make_avsc_object(type_, type_names)
+        schema = avro.schema.make_avsc_object(type_, type_names, validate_names=validate_names)
         if isinstance(schema, avro.schema.NamedSchema):
             schemas.append(schema)
             continue
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ def _parse_types(types: Sequence[str], type_names: avro.name.Names) -> Sequence[
     return schemas
 
 
-def _parse_messages(message_objects: Mapping[str, "MessageObject"], names: avro.name.Names) -> Mapping[str, Message]:
+def _parse_messages(message_objects: Mapping[str, "MessageObject"], names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> Mapping[str, Message]:
     messages = {}
     for name, body in message_objects.items():
         if not hasattr(body, "get"):
@@ -282,5 +283,5 @@ def _parse_messages(message_objects: Mapping[str, "MessageObject"], names: avro.
         request = body["request"]
         response = body["response"]
         errors = body.get("errors")
-        messages[name] = Message(name, request, response, errors, names)
+        messages[name] = Message(name, request, response, errors, names, validate_names=validate_names)
     return messages
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/py.typed b/lang/py/avro/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/schema.py b/lang/py/avro/schema.py
index 1d3b36966c1..018f74debe6 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/schema.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/schema.py
@@ -42,16 +42,27 @@
 import collections
 import datetime
 import decimal
+import hashlib
 import json
 import math
 import uuid
 import warnings
+from functools import reduce
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+from typing import (
+    Callable,
+    FrozenSet,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableMapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
 
 import avro.constants
 import avro.errors
-from avro.constants import NAMED_TYPES, PRIMITIVE_TYPES, VALID_TYPES
 from avro.name import Name, Names, validate_basename
 
 #
@@ -104,6 +115,50 @@ def _is_timezone_aware_datetime(dt: datetime.datetime) -> bool:
     return dt.tzinfo is not None and dt.tzinfo.utcoffset(dt) is not None
 
 
+# Fingerprint Constants
+_EMPTY64_FINGERPRINT: int = 0xC15D213AA4D7A795
+_FINGERPRINT_TABLE: tuple = tuple(reduce(lambda fp, _: (fp >> 1) ^ (_EMPTY64_FINGERPRINT & -(fp & 1)), range(8), i) for i in range(256))
+
+
+# All algorithms guaranteed by hashlib are supported:
+#     - 'blake2b',
+#     - 'blake2s',
+#     - 'md5',
+#     - 'sha1',
+#     - 'sha224',
+#     - 'sha256',
+#     - 'sha384',
+#     - 'sha3_224',
+#     - 'sha3_256',
+#     - 'sha3_384',
+#     - 'sha3_512',
+#     - 'sha512',
+#     - 'shake_128',
+#     - 'shake_256'
+SUPPORTED_ALGORITHMS: FrozenSet[str] = frozenset({"CRC-64-AVRO"} | hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed)
+
+
+def _crc_64_fingerprint(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """The 64-bit Rabin Fingerprint.
+
+    As described in the Avro specification.
+
+    Args:
+        data: A bytes object containing the UTF-8 encoded parsing canonical
+        form of an Avro schema.
+    Returns:
+        A bytes object with a length of eight in little-endian format.
+    """
+    result = _EMPTY64_FINGERPRINT
+
+    for b in data:
+        result = (result >> 8) ^ _FINGERPRINT_TABLE[(result ^ b) & 0xFF]
+
+    # Although not mentioned in the Avro specification, the Java
+    # implementation gives fingerprint bytes in little-endian order
+    return result.to_bytes(length=8, byteorder="little", signed=False)
+
+
 #
 # Base Classes
 #
@@ -142,9 +197,11 @@ def other_props(self) -> Mapping[str, object]:
         return get_other_props(self.props, self._reserved_properties)
 
 
-class EqualByJsonMixin:
+class EqualByJsonMixin(collections.abc.Hashable):
     """A mixin that defines equality as equal if the json deserializations are equal."""
 
+    fingerprint: Callable[..., bytes]
+
     def __eq__(self, that: object) -> bool:
         try:
             that_obj = json.loads(str(that))
@@ -152,13 +209,29 @@ def __eq__(self, that: object) -> bool:
             return False
         return cast(bool, json.loads(str(self)) == that_obj)
 
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Make it so a schema can be in a set or a key in a dictionary.
+
+        NB: Python has special rules for this method being defined in the same class as __eq__.
+        """
+        return hash(self.fingerprint())
+
 
-class EqualByPropsMixin(PropertiesMixin):
+class EqualByPropsMixin(collections.abc.Hashable, PropertiesMixin):
     """A mixin that defines equality as equal if the props are equal."""
 
+    fingerprint: Callable[..., bytes]
+
     def __eq__(self, that: object) -> bool:
         return hasattr(that, "props") and self.props == getattr(that, "props")
 
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Make it so a schema can be in a set or a key in a dictionary.
+
+        NB: Python has special rules for this method being defined in the same class as __eq__.
+        """
+        return hash(self.fingerprint())
+
 
 class CanonicalPropertiesMixin(PropertiesMixin):
     """A Mixin that provides canonical properties to Schema and Field types."""
@@ -174,14 +247,15 @@ class Schema(abc.ABC, CanonicalPropertiesMixin):
 
     _reserved_properties = SCHEMA_RESERVED_PROPS
 
-    def __init__(self, type_: str, other_props: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, type_: str, other_props: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None, validate_names: bool = True) -> None:
         if not isinstance(type_, str):
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException("Schema type must be a string.")
-        if type_ not in VALID_TYPES:
+        if type_ not in avro.constants.VALID_TYPES:
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"{type_} is not a valid type.")
         self.set_prop("type", type_)
         self.type = type_
         self.props.update(other_props or {})
+        self.validate_names = validate_names
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def match(self, writer: "Schema") -> bool:
@@ -239,6 +313,30 @@ def __eq__(self, that: object) -> bool:
         Consider the mixins EqualByPropsMixin and EqualByJsonMixin
         """
 
+    def fingerprint(self, algorithm="CRC-64-AVRO") -> bytes:
+        """
+        Generate fingerprint for supplied algorithm.
+
+        'CRC-64-AVRO' will be used as the algorithm by default, but any
+        algorithm supported by hashlib (as can be referenced with
+        `hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed`) can be specified.
+
+        `algorithm` param is used as an algorithm name, and NoSuchAlgorithmException
+        will be thrown if the algorithm is not among supported.
+        """
+        schema = self.canonical_form.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if algorithm == "CRC-64-AVRO":
+            return _crc_64_fingerprint(schema)
+
+        if algorithm not in SUPPORTED_ALGORITHMS:
+            raise avro.errors.UnknownFingerprintAlgorithmException(f"Unknown Fingerprint Algorithm: {algorithm}")
+
+        # Generate digests with hashlib for all other algorithms
+        # Lowercase algorithm to support algorithm strings sent by other languages like Java
+        h = hashlib.new(algorithm.lower(), schema)
+        return h.digest()
+
 
 class NamedSchema(Schema):
     """Named Schemas specified in NAMED_TYPES."""
@@ -250,8 +348,9 @@ def __init__(
         namespace: Optional[str] = None,
         names: Optional[Names] = None,
         other_props: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(type_, other_props)
+        super().__init__(type_, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
         if not name:
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException("Named Schemas must have a non-empty name.")
         if not isinstance(name, str):
@@ -259,12 +358,12 @@ def __init__(
         if namespace is not None and not isinstance(namespace, str):
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException("The namespace property must be a string.")
         namespace = namespace or None  # Empty string -> None
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
         new_name = names.add_name(name, namespace, self)
 
         # Store name and namespace as they were read in origin schema
-        self.set_prop("name", name)
-        if namespace is not None:
+        self.set_prop("name", new_name.name)
+        if new_name.space:
             self.set_prop("namespace", new_name.space)
 
         # Store full name as calculated from name, namespace
@@ -274,9 +373,17 @@ def name_ref(self, names):
         return self.name if self.namespace == names.default_namespace else self.fullname
 
     # read-only properties
-    name = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("name"))
-    namespace = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("namespace"))
-    fullname = property(lambda self: self._fullname)
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.get_prop("name")
+
+    @property
+    def namespace(self):
+        return self.get_prop("namespace")
+
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        return self._fullname
 
 
 #
@@ -303,7 +410,7 @@ def __init__(self, precision, scale=0, max_precision=0):
             raise avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal precision {precision}. Max is {max_precision}.")
 
         if not isinstance(scale, int) or scale < 0:
-            raise avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a positive integer.")
+            raise avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Must be a non-negative integer.")
 
         if scale > precision:
             raise avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType(f"Invalid decimal scale {scale}. Cannot be greater than precision {precision}.")
@@ -314,17 +421,7 @@ def __init__(self, precision, scale=0, max_precision=0):
 class Field(CanonicalPropertiesMixin, EqualByJsonMixin):
     _reserved_properties: Sequence[str] = FIELD_RESERVED_PROPS
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        type_,
-        name,
-        has_default,
-        default=None,
-        order=None,
-        names=None,
-        doc=None,
-        other_props=None,
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, type_, name, has_default, default=None, order=None, names=None, doc=None, other_props=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         if not name:
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException("Fields must have a non-empty name.")
         if not isinstance(name, str):
@@ -338,13 +435,14 @@ def __init__(
             type_schema = names.get_name(type_, None)
         else:
             try:
-                type_schema = make_avsc_object(type_, names)
+                type_schema = make_avsc_object(type_, names, validate_names=validate_names)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f'Type property "{type_}" not a valid Avro schema: {e}')
         self.set_prop("type", type_schema)
         self.set_prop("name", name)
         self.type = type_schema
         self.name = name
+        self.validate_names = validate_names
         # TODO(hammer): check to ensure default is valid
         if has_default:
             self.set_prop("default", default)
@@ -354,16 +452,27 @@ def __init__(
             self.set_prop("doc", doc)
 
     # read-only properties
-    default = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("default"))
-    has_default = property(lambda self: self._has_default)
-    order = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("order"))
-    doc = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("doc"))
+    @property
+    def default(self):
+        return self.get_prop("default")
+
+    @property
+    def has_default(self):
+        return self._has_default
+
+    @property
+    def order(self):
+        return self.get_prop("order")
+
+    @property
+    def doc(self):
+        return self.get_prop("doc")
 
     def __str__(self):
         return json.dumps(self.to_json())
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.props.copy()
         to_dump["type"] = self.type.to_json(names)
@@ -371,7 +480,7 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
         return to_dump
 
     def to_canonical_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.canonical_properties
         to_dump["type"] = self.type.to_canonical_json(names)
@@ -400,7 +509,7 @@ class PrimitiveSchema(EqualByPropsMixin, Schema):
 
     def __init__(self, type, other_props=None):
         # Ensure valid ctor args
-        if type not in PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
+        if type not in avro.constants.PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
             raise avro.errors.AvroException(f"{type} is not a valid primitive type.")
 
         # Call parent ctor
@@ -414,18 +523,15 @@ def match(self, writer):
         @arg writer: the schema to match against
         @return bool
         """
-        return (
-            self.type == writer.type
-            or {
-                "float": self.type == "double",
-                "int": self.type in {"double", "float", "long"},
-                "long": self.type
-                in {
-                    "double",
-                    "float",
-                },
-            }.get(writer.type, False)
-        )
+        return self.type == writer.type or {
+            "float": self.type == "double",
+            "int": self.type in {"double", "float", "long"},
+            "long": self.type
+            in {
+                "double",
+                "float",
+            },
+        }.get(writer.type, False)
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
         if len(self.props) == 1:
@@ -459,8 +565,13 @@ def __init__(self, precision, scale=0, other_props=None):
         self.set_prop("scale", scale)
 
     # read-only properties
-    precision = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("precision"))
-    scale = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("scale"))
+    @property
+    def precision(self):
+        return self.get_prop("precision")
+
+    @property
+    def scale(self):
+        return self.get_prop("scale")
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
         return self.props
@@ -474,20 +585,22 @@ def validate(self, datum):
 # Complex Types (non-recursive)
 #
 class FixedSchema(EqualByPropsMixin, NamedSchema):
-    def __init__(self, name, namespace, size, names=None, other_props=None):
+    def __init__(self, name, namespace, size, names=None, other_props=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         # Ensure valid ctor args
         if not isinstance(size, int) or size < 0:
             fail_msg = "Fixed Schema requires a valid positive integer for size property."
             raise avro.errors.AvroException(fail_msg)
 
         # Call parent ctor
-        NamedSchema.__init__(self, "fixed", name, namespace, names, other_props)
+        NamedSchema.__init__(self, "fixed", name, namespace, names, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
 
         # Add class members
         self.set_prop("size", size)
 
     # read-only properties
-    size = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("size"))
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.get_prop("size")
 
     def match(self, writer):
         """Return True if the current schema (as reader) matches the writer schema.
@@ -498,7 +611,7 @@ def match(self, writer):
         return self.type == writer.type and self.check_props(writer, ["fullname", "size"])
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         if self.fullname in names.names:
             return self.name_ref(names)
@@ -532,16 +645,22 @@ def __init__(
         namespace=None,
         names=None,
         other_props=None,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ):
         max_precision = int(math.floor(math.log10(2) * (8 * size - 1)))
         DecimalLogicalSchema.__init__(self, precision, scale, max_precision)
-        FixedSchema.__init__(self, name, namespace, size, names, other_props)
+        FixedSchema.__init__(self, name, namespace, size, names, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
         self.set_prop("precision", precision)
         self.set_prop("scale", scale)
 
     # read-only properties
-    precision = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("precision"))
-    scale = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("scale"))
+    @property
+    def precision(self):
+        return self.get_prop("precision")
+
+    @property
+    def scale(self):
+        return self.get_prop("scale")
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
         return self.props
@@ -561,9 +680,10 @@ def __init__(
         doc: Optional[str] = None,
         other_props: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
         validate_enum_symbols: bool = True,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
         """
-        @arg validate_enum_symbols: If False, will allow enum symbols that are not valid Avro names.
+        @arg validate_enum_symbols: If False, will allow enum symbols that are not valid Avro names and default, which is not an enumerated symbol.
         """
         if validate_enum_symbols:
             for symbol in symbols:
@@ -576,13 +696,18 @@ def __init__(
             raise avro.errors.AvroException(f"Duplicate symbol: {symbols}")
 
         # Call parent ctor
-        NamedSchema.__init__(self, "enum", name, namespace, names, other_props)
+        NamedSchema.__init__(self, "enum", name, namespace, names, other_props, validate_names)
 
         # Add class members
         self.set_prop("symbols", symbols)
         if doc is not None:
             self.set_prop("doc", doc)
 
+        if validate_enum_symbols and other_props and "default" in other_props:
+            default = other_props["default"]
+            if default not in symbols:
+                raise avro.errors.InvalidDefault(f"Enum default '{default}' is not a valid member of symbols '{symbols}'")
+
     @property
     def symbols(self) -> Sequence[str]:
         symbols = self.get_prop("symbols")
@@ -590,7 +715,9 @@ def symbols(self) -> Sequence[str]:
             return symbols
         raise Exception
 
-    doc = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("doc"))
+    @property
+    def doc(self):
+        return self.get_prop("doc")
 
     def match(self, writer):
         """Return True if the current schema (as reader) matches the writer schema.
@@ -601,7 +728,7 @@ def match(self, writer):
         return self.type == writer.type and self.check_props(writer, ["fullname"])
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         if self.fullname in names.names:
             return self.name_ref(names)
@@ -631,16 +758,16 @@ def validate(self, datum):
 
 
 class ArraySchema(EqualByJsonMixin, Schema):
-    def __init__(self, items, names=None, other_props=None):
+    def __init__(self, items, names=None, other_props=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         # Call parent ctor
-        Schema.__init__(self, "array", other_props)
+        Schema.__init__(self, "array", other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
         # Add class members
 
         if isinstance(items, str) and names.has_name(items, None):
             items_schema = names.get_name(items, None)
         else:
             try:
-                items_schema = make_avsc_object(items, names)
+                items_schema = make_avsc_object(items, names, validate_names=self.validate_names)
             except avro.errors.SchemaParseException as e:
                 fail_msg = f"Items schema ({items}) not a valid Avro schema: {e} (known names: {names.names.keys()})"
                 raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(fail_msg)
@@ -648,7 +775,9 @@ def __init__(self, items, names=None, other_props=None):
         self.set_prop("items", items_schema)
 
     # read-only properties
-    items = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("items"))
+    @property
+    def items(self):
+        return self.get_prop("items")
 
     def match(self, writer):
         """Return True if the current schema (as reader) matches the writer schema.
@@ -659,7 +788,7 @@ def match(self, writer):
         return self.type == writer.type and self.items.check_props(writer.items, ["type"])
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.props.copy()
         item_schema = self.get_prop("items")
@@ -668,7 +797,7 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
         return to_dump
 
     def to_canonical_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.canonical_properties
         item_schema = self.get_prop("items")
@@ -682,16 +811,16 @@ def validate(self, datum):
 
 
 class MapSchema(EqualByJsonMixin, Schema):
-    def __init__(self, values, names=None, other_props=None):
+    def __init__(self, values, names=None, other_props=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         # Call parent ctor
-        Schema.__init__(self, "map", other_props)
+        Schema.__init__(self, "map", other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
 
         # Add class members
         if isinstance(values, str) and names.has_name(values, None):
             values_schema = names.get_name(values, None)
         else:
             try:
-                values_schema = make_avsc_object(values, names)
+                values_schema = make_avsc_object(values, names, validate_names=self.validate_names)
             except avro.errors.SchemaParseException:
                 raise
             except Exception:
@@ -700,7 +829,9 @@ def __init__(self, values, names=None, other_props=None):
         self.set_prop("values", values_schema)
 
     # read-only properties
-    values = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("values"))
+    @property
+    def values(self):
+        return self.get_prop("values")
 
     def match(self, writer):
         """Return True if the current schema (as reader) matches the writer schema.
@@ -711,7 +842,7 @@ def match(self, writer):
         return writer.type == self.type and self.values.check_props(writer.values, ["type"])
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.props.copy()
         to_dump["values"] = self.get_prop("values").to_json(names)
@@ -719,7 +850,7 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
         return to_dump
 
     def to_canonical_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = self.canonical_properties
         to_dump["values"] = self.get_prop("values").to_canonical_json(names)
@@ -736,29 +867,29 @@ class UnionSchema(EqualByJsonMixin, Schema):
     names is a dictionary of schema objects
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, schemas, names=None):
+    def __init__(self, schemas, names=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         # Ensure valid ctor args
         if not isinstance(schemas, list):
             fail_msg = "Union schema requires a list of schemas."
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(fail_msg)
 
         # Call parent ctor
-        Schema.__init__(self, "union")
+        Schema.__init__(self, "union", validate_names=validate_names)
 
         # Add class members
-        schema_objects = []
+        schema_objects: List[Schema] = []
         for schema in schemas:
             if isinstance(schema, str) and names.has_name(schema, None):
                 new_schema = names.get_name(schema, None)
             else:
                 try:
-                    new_schema = make_avsc_object(schema, names)
+                    new_schema = make_avsc_object(schema, names, validate_names=self.validate_names)
                 except Exception as e:
                     raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Union item must be a valid Avro schema: {e}")
             # check the new schema
             if (
-                new_schema.type in VALID_TYPES
-                and new_schema.type not in NAMED_TYPES
+                new_schema.type in avro.constants.VALID_TYPES
+                and new_schema.type not in avro.constants.NAMED_TYPES
                 and new_schema.type in [schema.type for schema in schema_objects]
             ):
                 raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"{new_schema.type} type already in Union")
@@ -769,7 +900,9 @@ def __init__(self, schemas, names=None):
         self._schemas = schema_objects
 
     # read-only properties
-    schemas = property(lambda self: self._schemas)
+    @property
+    def schemas(self):
+        return self._schemas
 
     def match(self, writer):
         """Return True if the current schema (as reader) matches the writer schema.
@@ -780,7 +913,7 @@ def match(self, writer):
         return writer.type in {"union", "error_union"} or any(s.match(writer) for s in self.schemas)
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = []
         for schema in self.schemas:
@@ -789,24 +922,22 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
         return to_dump
 
     def to_canonical_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         return [schema.to_canonical_json(names) for schema in self.schemas]
 
     def validate(self, datum):
         """Return the first branch schema of which datum is a valid example, else None."""
-        for branch in self.schemas:
-            if branch.validate(datum) is not None:
-                return branch
+        return next((branch for branch in self.schemas if branch.validate(datum) is not None), None)
 
 
 class ErrorUnionSchema(UnionSchema):
-    def __init__(self, schemas, names=None):
+    def __init__(self, schemas, names=None, validate_names: bool = True):
         # Prepend "string" to handle system errors
-        UnionSchema.__init__(self, ["string"] + schemas, names)
+        UnionSchema.__init__(self, ["string"] + schemas, names, validate_names)
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         to_dump = []
         for schema in self.schemas:
@@ -820,7 +951,7 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
 
 class RecordSchema(EqualByJsonMixin, NamedSchema):
     @staticmethod
-    def make_field_objects(field_data: Sequence[Mapping[str, object]], names: avro.name.Names) -> Sequence[Field]:
+    def make_field_objects(field_data: Sequence[Mapping[str, object]], names: avro.name.Names, validate_names: bool = True) -> Sequence[Field]:
         """We're going to need to make message parameters too."""
         field_objects = []
         field_names = []
@@ -836,7 +967,7 @@ def make_field_objects(field_data: Sequence[Mapping[str, object]], names: avro.n
             order = field.get("order")
             doc = field.get("doc")
             other_props = get_other_props(field, FIELD_RESERVED_PROPS)
-            new_field = Field(type, name, has_default, default, order, names, doc, other_props)
+            new_field = Field(type, name, has_default, default, order, names, doc, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
             # make sure field name has not been used yet
             if new_field.name in field_names:
                 fail_msg = f"Field name {new_field.name} already in use."
@@ -862,6 +993,7 @@ def __init__(
         schema_type="record",
         doc=None,
         other_props=None,
+        validate_names: bool = True,
     ):
         # Ensure valid ctor args
         if fields is None:
@@ -875,14 +1007,15 @@ def __init__(
         if schema_type == "request":
             Schema.__init__(self, schema_type, other_props)
         else:
-            NamedSchema.__init__(self, schema_type, name, namespace, names, other_props)
+            NamedSchema.__init__(self, schema_type, name, namespace, names, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
 
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
         if schema_type == "record":
             old_default = names.default_namespace
-            names.default_namespace = Name(name, namespace, names.default_namespace).space
+            names.default_namespace = Name(name, namespace, names.default_namespace, validate_name=validate_names).space
 
         # Add class members
-        field_objects = RecordSchema.make_field_objects(fields, names)
+        field_objects = RecordSchema.make_field_objects(fields, names, validate_names=validate_names)
         self.set_prop("fields", field_objects)
         if doc is not None:
             self.set_prop("doc", doc)
@@ -891,8 +1024,13 @@ def __init__(
             names.default_namespace = old_default
 
     # read-only properties
-    fields = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("fields"))
-    doc = property(lambda self: self.get_prop("doc"))
+    @property
+    def fields(self):
+        return self.get_prop("fields")
+
+    @property
+    def doc(self):
+        return self.get_prop("doc")
 
     @property
     def fields_dict(self):
@@ -902,7 +1040,7 @@ def fields_dict(self):
         return fields_dict
 
     def to_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         # Request records don't have names
         if self.type == "request":
@@ -919,7 +1057,7 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
         return to_dump
 
     def to_canonical_json(self, names=None):
-        names = names or Names()
+        names = names or Names(validate_names=self.validate_names)
 
         if self.type == "request":
             raise NotImplementedError("Canonical form (probably) does not make sense on type request")
@@ -1043,10 +1181,8 @@ def to_json(self, names=None):
 
     def validate(self, datum):
         try:
-            val = uuid.UUID(datum)
-        except ValueError:
-            # If it's a value error, then the string
-            # is not a valid hex code for a UUID.
+            uuid.UUID(datum)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
             return None
 
         return self
@@ -1067,7 +1203,7 @@ def get_other_props(all_props: Mapping[str, object], reserved_props: Sequence[st
 
 def make_bytes_decimal_schema(other_props):
     """Make a BytesDecimalSchema from just other_props."""
-    return BytesDecimalSchema(other_props.get("precision"), other_props.get("scale", 0))
+    return BytesDecimalSchema(other_props.get("precision"), other_props.get("scale", 0), other_props)
 
 
 def make_logical_schema(logical_type, type_, other_props):
@@ -1100,14 +1236,16 @@ def make_logical_schema(logical_type, type_, other_props):
     return None
 
 
-def make_avsc_object(json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None, validate_enum_symbols: bool = True) -> Schema:
+def make_avsc_object(
+    json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None, validate_enum_symbols: bool = True, validate_names: bool = True
+) -> Schema:
     """
     Build Avro Schema from data parsed out of JSON string.
 
     @arg names: A Names object (tracks seen names and default space)
     @arg validate_enum_symbols: If False, will allow enum symbols that are not valid Avro names.
     """
-    names = names or Names()
+    names = names or Names(validate_names=validate_names)
 
     # JSON object (non-union)
     if callable(getattr(json_data, "get", None)):
@@ -1121,7 +1259,7 @@ def make_avsc_object(json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None,
             if logical_schema is not None:
                 return cast(Schema, logical_schema)
 
-        if type_ in NAMED_TYPES:
+        if type_ in avro.constants.NAMED_TYPES:
             name = json_data.get("name")
             if not isinstance(name, str):
                 raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Name {name} must be a string, but it is {type(name)}.")
@@ -1130,12 +1268,12 @@ def make_avsc_object(json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None,
                 size = json_data.get("size")
                 if logical_type == "decimal":
                     precision = json_data.get("precision")
-                    scale = 0 if json_data.get("scale") is None else json_data.get("scale")
+                    scale = json_data.get("scale", 0)
                     try:
-                        return FixedDecimalSchema(size, name, precision, scale, namespace, names, other_props)
+                        return FixedDecimalSchema(size, name, precision, scale, namespace, names, other_props, validate_names)
                     except avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType as warning:
                         warnings.warn(warning)
-                return FixedSchema(name, namespace, size, names, other_props)
+                return FixedSchema(name, namespace, size, names, other_props, validate_names=validate_names)
             elif type_ == "enum":
                 symbols = json_data.get("symbols")
                 if not isinstance(symbols, Sequence):
@@ -1144,34 +1282,26 @@ def make_avsc_object(json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None,
                     if not isinstance(symbol, str):
                         raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Enum symbols must be a sequence of strings, but one symbol is a {type(symbol)}")
                 doc = json_data.get("doc")
-                return EnumSchema(
-                    name,
-                    namespace,
-                    symbols,
-                    names,
-                    doc,
-                    other_props,
-                    validate_enum_symbols,
-                )
+                return EnumSchema(name, namespace, symbols, names, doc, other_props, validate_enum_symbols, validate_names)
             if type_ in ["record", "error"]:
                 fields = json_data.get("fields")
                 doc = json_data.get("doc")
-                return RecordSchema(name, namespace, fields, names, type_, doc, other_props)
+                return RecordSchema(name, namespace, fields, names, type_, doc, other_props, validate_names)
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Unknown Named Type: {type_}")
 
-        if type_ in PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
+        if type_ in avro.constants.PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
             return PrimitiveSchema(type_, other_props)
 
-        if type_ in VALID_TYPES:
+        if type_ in avro.constants.VALID_TYPES:
             if type_ == "array":
                 items = json_data.get("items")
-                return ArraySchema(items, names, other_props)
+                return ArraySchema(items, names, other_props, validate_names)
             elif type_ == "map":
                 values = json_data.get("values")
-                return MapSchema(values, names, other_props)
+                return MapSchema(values, names, other_props, validate_names)
             elif type_ == "error_union":
                 declared_errors = json_data.get("declared_errors")
-                return ErrorUnionSchema(declared_errors, names)
+                return ErrorUnionSchema(declared_errors, names, validate_names)
             else:
                 raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Unknown Valid Type: {type_}")
         elif type_ is None:
@@ -1180,31 +1310,33 @@ def make_avsc_object(json_data: object, names: Optional[avro.name.Names] = None,
             raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Undefined type: {type_}")
     # JSON array (union)
     elif isinstance(json_data, list):
-        return UnionSchema(json_data, names)
+        return UnionSchema(json_data, names, validate_names=validate_names)
     # JSON string (primitive)
-    elif json_data in PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
+    elif json_data in avro.constants.PRIMITIVE_TYPES:
         return PrimitiveSchema(json_data)
     # not for us!
     fail_msg = f"Could not make an Avro Schema object from {json_data}"
     raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(fail_msg)
 
 
-def parse(json_string: str, validate_enum_symbols: bool = True) -> Schema:
+def parse(json_string: str, validate_enum_symbols: bool = True, validate_names: bool = True) -> Schema:
     """Constructs the Schema from the JSON text.
 
     @arg json_string: The json string of the schema to parse
     @arg validate_enum_symbols: If False, will allow enum symbols that are not valid Avro names.
+    @arg validate_names: If False, will allow names that are not valid Avro names. When disabling the validation
+                         test the non-compliant names for non-compliant behavior, also in interoperability cases.
     @return Schema
     """
     try:
         json_data = json.loads(json_string)
     except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as e:
         raise avro.errors.SchemaParseException(f"Error parsing JSON: {json_string}, error = {e}") from e
-    return make_avsc_object(json_data, Names(), validate_enum_symbols)
+    return make_avsc_object(json_data, Names(validate_names=validate_names), validate_enum_symbols, validate_names)
 
 
-def from_path(path: Union[Path, str], validate_enum_symbols: bool = True) -> Schema:
+def from_path(path: Union[Path, str], validate_enum_symbols: bool = True, validate_names: bool = True) -> Schema:
     """
     Constructs the Schema from a path to an avsc (json) file.
     """
-    return parse(Path(path).read_text(), validate_enum_symbols)
+    return parse(Path(path).read_text(), validate_enum_symbols, validate_names)
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/gen_interop_data.py b/lang/py/avro/test/gen_interop_data.py
index d1f3c0e4305..1bde7ff8764 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/gen_interop_data.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/gen_interop_data.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import io
 import json
 import os
+from contextlib import closing
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import IO, TextIO
 
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@
 
 def gen_data(codec: str, datum_writer: avro.io.DatumWriter, interop_schema: avro.schema.Schema) -> bytes:
     with io.BytesIO() as file_, avro.datafile.DataFileWriter(file_, datum_writer, interop_schema, codec=codec) as dfw:
+        dfw.set_meta("user_metadata", b"someByteArray")
         dfw.append(DATUM)
         dfw.flush()
         return file_.getvalue()
@@ -92,7 +94,8 @@ def _parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
 
 def main() -> int:
     args = _parse_args()
-    generate(args.schema_path, args.output_path)
+    with closing(args.output_path) as op:
+        generate(args.schema_path, op)
     return 0
 
 
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_compatibility.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_compatibility.py
index d67a29bbc41..e9af424e919 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_compatibility.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_compatibility.py
@@ -370,6 +370,34 @@
         }
     )
 )
+WITHOUT_NAMESPACE_RECORD = parse(
+    json.dumps(
+        {
+            "type": SchemaType.RECORD,
+            "name": "Record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": "int",
+                }
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+)
+WITH_NAMESPACE_RECORD = parse(
+    json.dumps(
+        {
+            "type": SchemaType.RECORD,
+            "name": "ns.Record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": "int",
+                }
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+)
 
 UNION_INT_RECORD1 = UnionSchema(
     [
@@ -583,6 +611,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(reader, UnionSchema)
         self.assertIsInstance(writer, UnionSchema)
         self.assertFalse(self.are_compatible(reader, writer))
+
         # testReaderWriterCompatibility
         compatible_reader_writer_test_cases = [
             (BOOLEAN_SCHEMA, BOOLEAN_SCHEMA),
@@ -659,9 +688,10 @@ def test_schema_compatibility(self):
                 ENUM_ABC_FIELD_DEFAULT_B_ENUM_DEFAULT_A_RECORD,
             ),
             (NS_RECORD1, NS_RECORD2),
+            (WITHOUT_NAMESPACE_RECORD, WITH_NAMESPACE_RECORD),
         ]
 
-        for (reader, writer) in compatible_reader_writer_test_cases:
+        for reader, writer in compatible_reader_writer_test_cases:
             self.assertTrue(self.are_compatible(reader, writer))
 
     def test_schema_compatibility_fixed_size_mismatch(self):
@@ -681,7 +711,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_fixed_size_mismatch(self):
                 "/fields/1/type/size",
             ),
         ]
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_fixed_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_fixed_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertIn(
@@ -707,7 +737,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_missing_enum_symbols(self):
                 "/fields/0/type/symbols",
             ),
         ]
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertIn(message, result.messages)
@@ -823,7 +853,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_missing_union_branch(self):
             ),
         ]
 
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertEqual(result.messages, message)
@@ -842,7 +872,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_name_mismatch(self):
             ),
         ]
 
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertIn(message, result.messages)
@@ -853,7 +883,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_reader_field_missing_default_value(self):
             (A_INT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0"),
             (A_INT_B_DINT_RECORD1, EMPTY_RECORD1, "a", "/fields/0"),
         ]
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertEqual(len(result.messages), 1)
@@ -1033,7 +1063,7 @@ def test_schema_compatibility_type_mismatch(self):
                 "/",
             ),
         ]
-        for (reader, writer, message, location) in incompatible_pairs:
+        for reader, writer, message, location in incompatible_pairs:
             result = ReaderWriterCompatibilityChecker().get_compatibility(reader, writer)
             self.assertIs(result.compatibility, SchemaCompatibilityType.incompatible)
             self.assertIn(message, result.messages)
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_datafile_interop.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_datafile_interop.py
index aeb6c212cd4..7dec16e7810 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_datafile_interop.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_datafile_interop.py
@@ -37,11 +37,15 @@ def test_interop(self) -> None:
         for filename in _INTEROP_DATA_DIR.iterdir():
             self.assertGreater(os.stat(filename).st_size, 0)
             base_ext = filename.stem.split("_", 1)
-            if len(base_ext) < 2 or base_ext[1] not in avro.codecs.KNOWN_CODECS:
+            if len(base_ext) > 1 and base_ext[1] not in avro.codecs.KNOWN_CODECS:
                 print(f"SKIPPING {filename} due to an unsupported codec\n")
                 continue
             i = None
             with self.subTest(filename=filename), avro.datafile.DataFileReader(filename.open("rb"), avro.io.DatumReader()) as dfr:
+                user_metadata = dfr.get_meta("user_metadata")
+                if user_metadata is not None:
+                    self.assertEqual(user_metadata, b"someByteArray")
+
                 for i, datum in enumerate(cast(avro.datafile.DataFileReader, dfr), 1):
                     self.assertIsNotNone(datum)
                 self.assertIsNotNone(i)
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_io.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_io.py
index a07d122c047..36a85b3e5f9 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_io.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_io.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import itertools
 import json
 import unittest
+import uuid
 import warnings
 from typing import BinaryIO, Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
 
@@ -71,6 +72,16 @@ class DefaultValueTestCaseType(TypedDict):
             },
             decimal.Decimal("-3.1415"),
         ),
+        (
+            {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "logicalType": "decimal",
+                "name": "Test",
+                "size": 8,
+                "precision": 1,
+            },
+            decimal.Decimal("3"),
+        ),
         (
             {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 5, "scale": 4},
             decimal.Decimal("3.1415"),
@@ -79,6 +90,10 @@ class DefaultValueTestCaseType(TypedDict):
             {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 5, "scale": 4},
             decimal.Decimal("-3.1415"),
         ),
+        (
+            {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 1},
+            decimal.Decimal("3"),
+        ),
         ({"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}, "B"),
         ({"type": "array", "items": "long"}, [1, 3, 2]),
         ({"type": "map", "values": "long"}, {"a": 1, "b": 3, "c": 2}),
@@ -163,6 +178,31 @@ class DefaultValueTestCaseType(TypedDict):
             },
             {"value": {"car": {"value": "head"}, "cdr": {"value": None}}},
         ),
+        (
+            {"type": "record", "name": "record", "fields": [{"name": "value", "type": "int"}, {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "record"]}]},
+            {"value": 0, "next": {"value": 1, "next": None}},
+        ),
+        (
+            {"type": "record", "name": "ns.long", "fields": [{"name": "value", "type": "int"}, {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "ns.long"]}]},
+            {"value": 0, "next": {"value": 1, "next": None}},
+        ),
+        # Optional logical types.
+        (
+            [{"logicalType": "uuid", "type": "string"}, "null"],
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            [{"logicalType": "uuid", "type": "string"}, "null"],
+            uuid.uuid4().hex,
+        ),
+        (
+            [{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}, "null"],
+            datetime.datetime(1000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=avro.timezones.utc),
+        ),
+        (
+            [{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}, "null"],
+            None,
+        ),
     )
 )
 
@@ -426,12 +466,63 @@ def check_default_value(self) -> None:
             self.assertEqual(datum_to_read, datum_read)
 
 
+class TestIncompatibleSchemaReading(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_deserialization_fails(self) -> None:
+        reader_schema = avro.schema.parse(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "namespace": "example.avro",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "User",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
+                        {"name": "age", "type": "int"},
+                        {"name": "location", "type": "string"},
+                    ],
+                }
+            )
+        )
+        writer_schema = avro.schema.parse(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "namespace": "example.avro",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "IncompatibleUser",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {"name": "name", "type": "int"},
+                        {"name": "age", "type": "int"},
+                        {"name": "location", "type": "string"},
+                    ],
+                }
+            )
+        )
+
+        incompatibleUserRecord = {"name": 100, "age": 21, "location": "Woodford"}
+        writer = avro.io.DatumWriter(writer_schema)
+        with io.BytesIO() as writer_bio:
+            enc = avro.io.BinaryEncoder(writer_bio)
+            writer.write(incompatibleUserRecord, enc)
+            enc_bytes = writer_bio.getvalue()
+        reader = avro.io.DatumReader(reader_schema)
+        with io.BytesIO(enc_bytes) as reader_bio:
+            self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidAvroBinaryEncoding, reader.read, avro.io.BinaryDecoder(reader_bio))
+
+        incompatibleUserRecord = {"name": -10, "age": 21, "location": "Woodford"}
+        with io.BytesIO() as writer_bio:
+            enc = avro.io.BinaryEncoder(writer_bio)
+            writer.write(incompatibleUserRecord, enc)
+            enc_bytes = writer_bio.getvalue()
+        reader = avro.io.DatumReader(reader_schema)
+        with io.BytesIO(enc_bytes) as reader_bio:
+            self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidAvroBinaryEncoding, reader.read, avro.io.BinaryDecoder(reader_bio))
+
+
 class TestMisc(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_decimal_bytes_small_scale(self) -> None:
         """Avro should raise an AvroTypeException when attempting to write a decimal with a larger exponent than the schema's scale."""
         datum = decimal.Decimal("3.1415")
         _, _, exp = datum.as_tuple()
-        scale = -1 * exp - 1
+        scale = -1 * int(exp) - 1
         schema = avro.schema.parse(
             json.dumps(
                 {
@@ -448,7 +539,7 @@ def test_decimal_fixed_small_scale(self) -> None:
         """Avro should raise an AvroTypeException when attempting to write a decimal with a larger exponent than the schema's scale."""
         datum = decimal.Decimal("3.1415")
         _, _, exp = datum.as_tuple()
-        scale = -1 * exp - 1
+        scale = -1 * int(exp) - 1
         schema = avro.schema.parse(
             json.dumps(
                 {
@@ -585,6 +676,7 @@ def load_tests(loader: unittest.TestLoader, default_tests: None, pattern: None)
         SchemaPromotionTestCase(write_type, read_type) for write_type, read_type in itertools.combinations(("int", "long", "float", "double"), 2)
     )
     suite.addTests(DefaultValueTestCase(field_type, default) for field_type, default in DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES)
+    suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestIncompatibleSchemaReading))
     return suite
 
 
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_name.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_name.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3790c9d10c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_name.py
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+##
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Test the name parsing logic."""
+
+import json
+import unittest
+
+import avro.errors
+import avro.protocol
+import avro.schema
+
+
+class TestName(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test name parsing"""
+
+    def test_name_is_none(self):
+        """When a name is None its namespace is None."""
+        self.assertIsNone(avro.schema.Name(None, None, None).fullname)
+        self.assertIsNone(avro.schema.Name(None, None, None).space)
+
+    def test_name_not_empty_string(self):
+        """A name cannot be the empty string."""
+        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.SchemaParseException, avro.schema.Name, "", None, None)
+
+    def test_name_space_specified(self):
+        """Space combines with a name to become the fullname."""
+        # name and namespace specified
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", "o.a.h", None).fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "o.a.h.a")
+
+    def test_name_inlined_space(self):
+        """Space inlined with name is correctly splitted out."""
+        name = avro.schema.Name("o.a", None)
+        self.assertEqual(name.fullname, "o.a")
+        self.assertEqual(name.name, "a")
+        self.assertEqual(name.space, "o")
+
+        name = avro.schema.Name("o.a.h.a", None)
+        self.assertEqual(name.fullname, "o.a.h.a")
+        self.assertEqual(name.name, "a")
+        self.assertEqual(name.space, "o.a.h")
+
+    def test_fullname_space_specified(self):
+        """When name contains dots, namespace should be ignored."""
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", "o.a.h", None).fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
+
+    def test_name_default_specified(self):
+        """Default space becomes the namespace when the namespace is None."""
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", None, "b.c.d").fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "b.c.d.a")
+
+    def test_fullname_default_specified(self):
+        """When a name contains dots, default space should be ignored."""
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", None, "o.a.h").fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
+
+    def test_fullname_space_default_specified(self):
+        """When a name contains dots, namespace and default space should be ignored."""
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", "o.a.a", "o.a.h").fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
+
+    def test_name_space_default_specified(self):
+        """When name and space are specified, default space should be ignored."""
+        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", "o.a.a", "o.a.h").fullname
+        self.assertEqual(fullname, "o.a.a.a")
+
+    def test_equal_names(self):
+        """Equality of names is defined on the fullname and is case-sensitive."""
+        self.assertEqual(
+            avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", None, None),
+            avro.schema.Name("d", "a.b.c", None),
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(avro.schema.Name("C.d", None, None), avro.schema.Name("c.d", None, None))
+
+    def test_invalid_name(self):
+        """The name portion of a fullname, record field names, and enum symbols must:
+        start with [A-Za-z_] and subsequently contain only [A-Za-z0-9_]"""
+        self.assertRaises(
+            avro.errors.InvalidName,
+            avro.schema.Name,
+            "an especially spacey cowboy",
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        self.assertRaises(
+            avro.errors.InvalidName,
+            avro.schema.Name,
+            "99 problems but a name aint one",
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        # A name cannot start with dot.
+        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidName, avro.schema.Name, ".a", None, None)
+        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidName, avro.schema.Name, "o..a", None, None)
+        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidName, avro.schema.Name, "a.", None, None)
+
+    def test_null_namespace(self):
+        """The empty string may be used as a namespace to indicate the null namespace."""
+        name = avro.schema.Name("name", "", None)
+        self.assertEqual(name.fullname, "name")
+        self.assertIsNone(name.space)
+
+    def test_disable_name_validation(self):
+        """Test name validation disable."""
+        # Test name class
+        avro.schema.Name(name_attr="an especially spacey cowboy", space_attr=None, default_space=None, validate_name=False)
+        avro.schema.Name(name_attr="cowboy", space_attr="an especially spacey ", default_space=None, validate_name=False)
+        avro.schema.Name(name_attr="cowboy", space_attr=None, default_space="an especially spacey ", validate_name=False)
+        avro.schema.Name(name_attr="name-space.with-dash.cowboy", space_attr=None, default_space=None, validate_name=False)
+        avro.schema.Name(name_attr="cowboy", space_attr="name-space.with-dash", default_space=None, validate_name=False)
+
+        # Test record schema
+        cowboy_record_1 = avro.schema.RecordSchema(
+            name="an especially spacey cowboy", namespace=None, fields=[{"name": "value", "type": "long"}], validate_names=False
+        )
+        cowboy_record_2 = avro.schema.RecordSchema(
+            name="cowboy", namespace="an especially spacey ", fields=[{"name": "value", "type": "int"}], validate_names=False
+        )
+
+        # Test Names container class
+        names = avro.schema.Names(default_namespace=None, validate_names=False)
+        names.add_name(name_attr=cowboy_record_1.name, space_attr=cowboy_record_1.namespace, new_schema=cowboy_record_1)
+        names.add_name(name_attr=cowboy_record_2.name, space_attr=cowboy_record_2.namespace, new_schema=cowboy_record_2)
+
+        # Test fixed schema
+        avro.schema.FixedSchema(name="an especially spacey cowboy", namespace=None, size=16, validate_names=False)
+        avro.schema.FixedSchema(name="cowboy", namespace="an especially spacey", size=16, validate_names=False)
+
+        # Test fixed decimal schema
+        avro.schema.FixedDecimalSchema(name="an especially spacey cowboy", namespace=None, size=16, precision=2, validate_names=False)
+        avro.schema.FixedDecimalSchema(name="cowboy", namespace="an especially spacey", size=16, precision=2, validate_names=False)
+
+        # Test enum schema
+        avro.schema.EnumSchema(name="an especially spacey cowboy", namespace=None, symbols=["A", "B"], validate_names=False)
+        avro.schema.EnumSchema(name="cowboy", namespace="an especially spacey", symbols=["A", "B"], validate_names=False)
+
+
+EXAMPLES = [
+    # Enum
+    {"type": "enum", "name": "invalid-name", "symbols": ["A", "B"]},
+    {"type": "enum", "name": "invalid-ns.ab", "symbols": ["A", "B"]},
+    {"type": "enum", "name": "ab", "namespace": "invalid-ns", "symbols": ["A", "B"]},
+    # Record
+    {"type": "record", "name": "invalid-name", "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}]},
+    {"type": "record", "name": "invalid-ns.journey", "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}]},
+    {"type": "record", "name": "journey", "namespace": "invalid-ns", "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}]},
+    # FixedSchema
+    {"type": "fixed", "name": "invalid-name", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    {"type": "fixed", "name": "invalid-ns.irrational", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    {"type": "fixed", "name": "irrational", "namespace": "invalid-ns", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    # FixedDecimalSchema / logical type
+    {"type": "fixed", "logicalType": "decimal", "name": "invalid-name", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    {"type": "fixed", "logicalType": "decimal", "name": "invalid-ns.irrational", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    {"type": "fixed", "logicalType": "decimal", "name": "irrational", "namespace": "invalid-ns", "size": 10, "precision": 2},
+    # In fields
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "world",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "type": {"type": "record", "name": "invalid-name", "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}]},
+                "name": "cup",
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    # In union
+    [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "record", "name": "invalid-name", "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}]}],
+    # In array
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "world",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "journeys",
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "invalid-name",
+                        "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}],
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    # In map
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "world",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "journeys",
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "map",
+                    "values": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "invalid-name",
+                        "fields": [{"name": "distance", "type": "long"}],
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+]
+
+
+class ParseSchemaNameValidationDisabledTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Enable generating parse test cases over all the valid and invalid example schema."""
+
+    def __init__(self, test_schema_string):
+        """Ignore the normal signature for unittest.TestCase because we are generating
+        many test cases from this one class. This is safe as long as the autoloader
+        ignores this class. The autoloader will ignore this class as long as it has
+        no methods starting with `test_`.
+        """
+        super().__init__("parse_invalid_name")
+        self.test_schema_string = test_schema_string
+
+    def parse_invalid_name(self) -> None:
+        """Parsing a schema with invalid name should not error"""
+        schema_string = json.dumps(self.test_schema_string)
+        # Parse with validation to ensure that correct exception is raised when validation enabled.
+        with self.assertRaises(
+            (avro.errors.AvroException, avro.errors.SchemaParseException), msg=f"Invalid schema should not have parsed: {self.test_schema_string!s}"
+        ):
+            avro.schema.parse(schema_string, validate_names=True)
+
+        # The actual test with validation disabled.
+        avro.schema.parse(schema_string, validate_names=False)
+
+
+PROTOCOL_EXAMPLES = [
+    # In record
+    {
+        "namespace": "lightyear",
+        "protocol": "lightspeed",
+        "types": [
+            {"name": "current-speed", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "speed", "type": "int"}, {"name": "unit", "type": "string"}]},
+            {"name": "over_c", "type": "error", "fields": [{"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
+        ],
+        "messages": {
+            "speedmessage": {"request": [{"name": "current_speed", "type": "current-speed"}], "response": "current-speed", "errors": ["over_c"]}
+        },
+    },
+    # Error union
+    {
+        "namespace": "lightyear",
+        "protocol": "lightspeed",
+        "types": [
+            {"name": "current_speed", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "speed", "type": "int"}, {"name": "unit", "type": "string"}]},
+            {"name": "over-c", "type": "error", "fields": [{"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
+        ],
+        "messages": {
+            "speedmessage": {"request": [{"name": "current_speed", "type": "current_speed"}], "response": "current_speed", "errors": ["over-c"]}
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        "namespace": "lightyear",
+        "protocol": "lightspeed",
+        "types": [
+            {"name": "current_speed", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "speed", "type": "int"}, {"name": "unit", "type": "string"}]},
+            {"name": "over_c", "namespace": "error-speed", "type": "error", "fields": [{"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
+        ],
+        "messages": {
+            "speedmessage": {
+                "request": [{"name": "current_speed", "type": "current_speed"}],
+                "response": "current_speed",
+                "errors": ["error-speed.over_c"],
+            }
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+
+class ParseProtocolNameValidationDisabledTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test parsing of protocol when name validation is disabled."""
+
+    def __init__(self, test_protocol_string):
+        """Ignore the normal signature for unittest.TestCase because we are generating
+        many test cases from this one class. This is safe as long as the autoloader
+        ignores this class. The autoloader will ignore this class as long as it has
+        no methods starting with `test_`.
+        """
+        super().__init__("parse_protocol_with_invalid_name")
+        self.test_protocol_string = test_protocol_string
+
+    def parse_protocol_with_invalid_name(self):
+        """Test error union"""
+        protocol = json.dumps(self.test_protocol_string)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(
+            (avro.errors.AvroException, avro.errors.SchemaParseException), msg=f"Invalid schema should not have parsed: {self.test_protocol_string!s}"
+        ):
+            avro.protocol.parse(protocol, validate_names=True)
+
+        avro.protocol.parse(protocol, validate_names=False)
+
+
+def load_tests(loader, default_tests, pattern):
+    """Generate test cases across many test schema."""
+    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+    suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestName))
+    suite.addTests(ParseSchemaNameValidationDisabledTestCase(ex) for ex in EXAMPLES)
+    suite.addTests(ParseProtocolNameValidationDisabledTestCase(ex) for ex in PROTOCOL_EXAMPLES)
+    return suite
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no coverage
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_protocol.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_protocol.py
index b3cd7bd692a..82fec0dd3f6 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_protocol.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_protocol.py
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ def test_inner_namespace_not_rendered(self):
         self.assertEqual("com.acme.Greeting", proto.types[0].fullname)
         self.assertEqual("Greeting", proto.types[0].name)
         # but there shouldn't be 'namespace' rendered to json on the inner type
-        self.assertFalse("namespace" in proto.to_json()["types"][0])
+        self.assertNotIn("namespace", proto.to_json()["types"][0])
 
 
 class ProtocolParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_schema.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_schema.py
index 2015727d369..85d9f8db839 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_schema.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_schema.py
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ class InvalidTestSchema(TestSchema):
     valid = False
 
 
-PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES = [InvalidTestSchema('"True"')]  # type: List[TestSchema]
+PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES: List[TestSchema] = [InvalidTestSchema('"True"')]
 PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.append(InvalidTestSchema("True"))
 PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.append(InvalidTestSchema('{"no_type": "test"}'))
 PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.append(InvalidTestSchema('{"type": "panther"}'))
-PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.extend([ValidTestSchema(f'"{t}"') for t in avro.schema.PRIMITIVE_TYPES])
-PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.extend([ValidTestSchema({"type": t}) for t in avro.schema.PRIMITIVE_TYPES])
+PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.extend([ValidTestSchema(f'"{t}"') for t in avro.constants.PRIMITIVE_TYPES])
+PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.extend([ValidTestSchema({"type": t}) for t in avro.constants.PRIMITIVE_TYPES])
 
 FIXED_EXAMPLES = [
     ValidTestSchema({"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}),
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ class InvalidTestSchema(TestSchema):
 ENUM_EXAMPLES = [
     ValidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}),
     ValidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "AVRO2174", "symbols": ["nowhitespace"]}),
+    InvalidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "bad_default", "symbols": ["A"], "default": "B"}, comment="AVRO-3229"),
     InvalidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "Status", "symbols": "Normal Caution Critical"}),
     InvalidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8], "symbols": ["Golden", "Mean"]}),
     InvalidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "symbols": ["I", "will", "fail", "no", "name"]}),
@@ -119,6 +120,19 @@ class InvalidTestSchema(TestSchema):
     InvalidTestSchema([{"type": "array", "items": "long"}, {"type": "array", "items": "string"}]),
 ]
 
+NAME_EXAMPLES = [
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "record", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}),
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "record", "name": "record", "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]}),
+    InvalidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "int", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}),
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "name": "ns.int", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}),
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "enum", "namespace": "ns", "name": "int", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}),
+    ValidTestSchema(
+        {"type": "record", "name": "LinkedList", "fields": [{"name": "value", "type": "int"}, {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "LinkedList"]}]}
+    ),
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "record", "name": "record", "fields": [{"name": "value", "type": "int"}, {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "record"]}]}),
+    ValidTestSchema({"type": "record", "name": "ns.int", "fields": [{"name": "value", "type": "int"}, {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "ns.int"]}]}),
+]
+
 NAMED_IN_UNION_EXAMPLES = [
     ValidTestSchema(
         {
@@ -407,7 +421,7 @@ class InvalidTestSchema(TestSchema):
     ),
     ValidTestSchema(
         {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 2, "scale": -2},
-        warnings=[avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType("Invalid decimal scale -2. Must be a positive integer.")],
+        warnings=[avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType("Invalid decimal scale -2. Must be a non-negative integer.")],
     ),
     ValidTestSchema(
         {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": -2, "scale": 2},
@@ -505,12 +519,211 @@ class InvalidTestSchema(TestSchema):
     ),
 ]
 
+
+# Fingerprint examples are in the form of tuples:
+# - Value in Position 0 is schema
+# - Value in Position 1 is an array of fingerprints:
+#     - Position 0 is CRC-64-AVRO fingerprint
+#     - Position 0 is MD5 fingerprint
+#     - Position 0 is SHA256 fingerprint
+FINGERPRINT_EXAMPLES = [
+    ('"int"', ["8f5c393f1ad57572", "ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32", "3f2b87a9fe7cc9b13835598c3981cd45e3e355309e5090aa0933d7becb6fba45"]),
+    ('{"type": "int"}', ["8f5c393f1ad57572", "ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32", "3f2b87a9fe7cc9b13835598c3981cd45e3e355309e5090aa0933d7becb6fba45"]),
+    ('"float"', ["90d7a83ecb027c4d", "50a6b9db85da367a6d2df400a41758a6", "1e71f9ec051d663f56b0d8e1fc84d71aa56ccfe9fa93aa20d10547a7abeb5cc0"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "float"}',
+        ["90d7a83ecb027c4d", "50a6b9db85da367a6d2df400a41758a6", "1e71f9ec051d663f56b0d8e1fc84d71aa56ccfe9fa93aa20d10547a7abeb5cc0"],
+    ),
+    ('"long"', ["b71df49344e154d0", "e1dd9a1ef98b451b53690370b393966b", "c32c497df6730c97fa07362aa5023f37d49a027ec452360778114cf427965add"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "long"}',
+        ["b71df49344e154d0", "e1dd9a1ef98b451b53690370b393966b", "c32c497df6730c97fa07362aa5023f37d49a027ec452360778114cf427965add"],
+    ),
+    ('"double"', ["7e95ab32c035758e", "bfc71a62f38b99d6a93690deeb4b3af6", "730a9a8c611681d7eef442e03c16c70d13bca3eb8b977bb403eaff52176af254"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "double"}',
+        ["7e95ab32c035758e", "bfc71a62f38b99d6a93690deeb4b3af6", "730a9a8c611681d7eef442e03c16c70d13bca3eb8b977bb403eaff52176af254"],
+    ),
+    ('"bytes"', ["651920c3da16c04f", "b462f06cb909be57c85008867784cde6", "9ae507a9dd39ee5b7c7e285da2c0846521c8ae8d80feeae5504e0c981d53f5fa"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "bytes"}',
+        ["651920c3da16c04f", "b462f06cb909be57c85008867784cde6", "9ae507a9dd39ee5b7c7e285da2c0846521c8ae8d80feeae5504e0c981d53f5fa"],
+    ),
+    ('"string"', ["c70345637248018f", "095d71cf12556b9d5e330ad575b3df5d", "e9e5c1c9e4f6277339d1bcde0733a59bd42f8731f449da6dc13010a916930d48"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "string"}',
+        ["c70345637248018f", "095d71cf12556b9d5e330ad575b3df5d", "e9e5c1c9e4f6277339d1bcde0733a59bd42f8731f449da6dc13010a916930d48"],
+    ),
+    ('"boolean"', ["64f7d4a478fc429f", "01f692b30d4a1c8a3e600b1440637f8f", "a5b031ab62bc416d720c0410d802ea46b910c4fbe85c50a946ccc658b74e677e"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "boolean"}',
+        ["64f7d4a478fc429f", "01f692b30d4a1c8a3e600b1440637f8f", "a5b031ab62bc416d720c0410d802ea46b910c4fbe85c50a946ccc658b74e677e"],
+    ),
+    ('"null"', ["8a8f25cce724dd63", "9b41ef67651c18488a8b08bb67c75699", "f072cbec3bf8841871d4284230c5e983dc211a56837aed862487148f947d1a1f"]),
+    (
+        '{"type": "null"}',
+        ["8a8f25cce724dd63", "9b41ef67651c18488a8b08bb67c75699", "f072cbec3bf8841871d4284230c5e983dc211a56837aed862487148f947d1a1f"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}',
+        ["6869897b4049355b", "db01bc515fcfcd2d4be82ed385288261", "f527116a6f44455697e935afc31dc60ad0f95caf35e1d9c9db62edb3ffeb9170"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps({"type": "fixed", "name": "MyFixed", "namespace": "org.apache.hadoop.avro", "size": 1}),
+        ["fadbd138e85bdf45", "d74b3726484422711c465d49e857b1ba", "28e493a44771cecc5deca4bd938cdc3d5a24cfe1f3760bc938fa1057df6334fc"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}',
+        ["03a2f2c2e27f7a16", "d883f2a9b16ed085fcc5e4ca6c8f6ed1", "9b51286144f87ce5aebdc61ca834379effa5a41ce6ac0938630ff246297caca8"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '{"type": "array", "items": "long"}',
+        ["715e2ea28bc91654", "c1c387e8d6a58f0df749b698991b1f43", "f78e954167feb23dcb1ce01e8463cebf3408e0a4259e16f24bd38f6d0f1d578b"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps({"type": "array", "items": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}}),
+        ["10d9ade1fa3a0387", "cfc7b861c7cfef082a6ef082948893fa", "0d8edd49d7f7e9553668f133577bc99f842852b55d9f84f1f7511e4961aa685c"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '{"type": "map", "values": "long"}',
+        ["6f74f4e409b1334e", "32b3f1a3177a0e73017920f00448b56e", "b8fad07d458971a07692206b8a7cf626c86c62fe6bcff7c1b11bc7295de34853"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps({"type": "map", "values": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}}),
+        ["df2ab0626f6b812d", "c588da6ba99701c41e73fd30d23f994e", "3886747ed1669a8af476b549e97b34222afb2fed5f18bb27c6f367ea0351a576"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '["string", "null", "long"]',
+        ["65a5be410d687566", "b11cf95f0a55dd55f9ee515a37bf937a", "ed8d254116441bb35e237ad0563cf5432b8c975334bd222c1ee84609435d95bb"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps({"type": "record", "name": "Test", "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]}),
+        ["ed94e5f5e6eb588e", "69531a03db788afe353244cd049b1e6d", "9670f15a8f96d23e92830d00b8bd57275e02e3e173ffef7c253c170b6beabeb8"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Node",
+                "fields": [{"name": "label", "type": "string"}, {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["52cba544c3e756b7", "99625b0cc02050363e89ef66b0f406c9", "65d80dc8c95c98a9671d92cf0415edfabfee2cb058df2138606656cd6ae4dc59"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Lisp",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "value",
+                        "type": [
+                            "null",
+                            "string",
+                            {"type": "record", "name": "Cons", "fields": [{"name": "car", "type": "Lisp"}, {"name": "cdr", "type": "Lisp"}]},
+                        ],
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["68d91a23eda0b306", "9e1d0d15b52789fcb8e3a88b53059d5f", "e5ce4f4a15ce19fa1047cfe16a3b0e13a755db40f00f23284fdd376fc1c7dd21"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "HandshakeRequest",
+                "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "clientHash", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
+                    {"name": "clientProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
+                    {"name": "serverHash", "type": "MD5"},
+                    {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]},
+                ],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["43818703b7b5d769", "16ded8b5027e80a17704c6565c0c3f1b", "6c317314687da52a85c813a7f0c92298a60b79625b9acc072e4d9e4256a1d800"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "HandshakeResponse",
+                "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "match", "type": {"type": "enum", "name": "HandshakeMatch", "symbols": ["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]}},
+                    {"name": "serverProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
+                    {"name": "serverHash", "type": ["null", {"name": "MD5", "size": 16, "type": "fixed"}]},
+                    {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]},
+                ],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["00feee01de4ea50e", "afe529d01132daab7f4e2a6663e7a2f5", "a303cbbfe13958f880605d70c521a4b7be34d9265ac5a848f25916a67b11d889"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Interop",
+                "namespace": "org.apache.avro",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "intField", "type": "int"},
+                    {"name": "longField", "type": "long"},
+                    {"name": "stringField", "type": "string"},
+                    {"name": "boolField", "type": "boolean"},
+                    {"name": "floatField", "type": "float"},
+                    {"name": "doubleField", "type": "double"},
+                    {"name": "bytesField", "type": "bytes"},
+                    {"name": "nullField", "type": "null"},
+                    {"name": "arrayField", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "double"}},
+                    {
+                        "name": "mapField",
+                        "type": {"type": "map", "values": {"name": "Foo", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "label", "type": "string"}]}},
+                    },
+                    {"name": "unionField", "type": ["boolean", "double", {"type": "array", "items": "bytes"}]},
+                    {"name": "enumField", "type": {"type": "enum", "name": "Kind", "symbols": ["A", "B", "C"]}},
+                    {"name": "fixedField", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
+                    {
+                        "name": "recordField",
+                        "type": {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "Node",
+                            "fields": [{"name": "label", "type": "string"}, {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}],
+                        },
+                    },
+                ],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["e82c0a93a6a0b5a4", "994fea1a1be7ff8603cbe40c3bc7e4ca", "cccfd6e3f917cf53b0f90c206342e6703b0d905071f724a1c1f85b731c74058d"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "ipAddr",
+                "fields": [{"name": "addr", "type": [{"name": "IPv6", "type": "fixed", "size": 16}, {"name": "IPv4", "type": "fixed", "size": 4}]}],
+            }
+        ),
+        ["8d961b4e298a1844", "45d85c69b353a99b93d7c4f2fcf0c30d", "6f6fc8f685a4f07d99734946565d63108806d55a8620febea047cf52cb0ac181"],
+    ),
+    (
+        json.dumps({"type": "record", "name": "TestDoc", "doc": "Doc string", "fields": [{"name": "name", "type": "string", "doc": "Doc String"}]}),
+        ["0e6660f02bcdc109", "f2da75f5131f5ab80629538287b8beb2", "0b3644f7aa5ca2fc4bad93ca2d3609c12aa9dbda9c15e68b34c120beff08e7b9"],
+    ),
+    (
+        '{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"], "doc": "Doc String"}',
+        ["03a2f2c2e27f7a16", "d883f2a9b16ed085fcc5e4ca6c8f6ed1", "9b51286144f87ce5aebdc61ca834379effa5a41ce6ac0938630ff246297caca8"],
+    ),
+]
+
 EXAMPLES = PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += FIXED_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += ENUM_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += ARRAY_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += MAP_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += UNION_EXAMPLES
+EXAMPLES += NAME_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += NAMED_IN_UNION_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += RECORD_EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLES += DOC_EXAMPLES
@@ -549,78 +762,6 @@ def test_correct_recursive_extraction(self):
         # If we've made it this far, the subschema was reasonably stringified; it ccould be reparsed.
         self.assertEqual("X", t.fields[0].type.name)
 
-    def test_name_is_none(self):
-        """When a name is None its namespace is None."""
-        self.assertIsNone(avro.schema.Name(None, None, None).fullname)
-        self.assertIsNone(avro.schema.Name(None, None, None).space)
-
-    def test_name_not_empty_string(self):
-        """A name cannot be the empty string."""
-        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.SchemaParseException, avro.schema.Name, "", None, None)
-
-    def test_name_space_specified(self):
-        """Space combines with a name to become the fullname."""
-        # name and namespace specified
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", "o.a.h", None).fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "o.a.h.a")
-
-    def test_fullname_space_specified(self):
-        """When name contains dots, namespace should be ignored."""
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", "o.a.h", None).fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
-
-    def test_name_default_specified(self):
-        """Default space becomes the namespace when the namespace is None."""
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", None, "b.c.d").fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "b.c.d.a")
-
-    def test_fullname_default_specified(self):
-        """When a name contains dots, default space should be ignored."""
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", None, "o.a.h").fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
-
-    def test_fullname_space_default_specified(self):
-        """When a name contains dots, namespace and default space should be ignored."""
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", "o.a.a", "o.a.h").fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "a.b.c.d")
-
-    def test_name_space_default_specified(self):
-        """When name and space are specified, default space should be ignored."""
-        fullname = avro.schema.Name("a", "o.a.a", "o.a.h").fullname
-        self.assertEqual(fullname, "o.a.a.a")
-
-    def test_equal_names(self):
-        """Equality of names is defined on the fullname and is case-sensitive."""
-        self.assertEqual(
-            avro.schema.Name("a.b.c.d", None, None),
-            avro.schema.Name("d", "a.b.c", None),
-        )
-        self.assertNotEqual(avro.schema.Name("C.d", None, None), avro.schema.Name("c.d", None, None))
-
-    def test_invalid_name(self):
-        """The name portion of a fullname, record field names, and enum symbols must:
-        start with [A-Za-z_] and subsequently contain only [A-Za-z0-9_]"""
-        self.assertRaises(
-            avro.errors.InvalidName,
-            avro.schema.Name,
-            "an especially spacey cowboy",
-            None,
-            None,
-        )
-        self.assertRaises(
-            avro.errors.InvalidName,
-            avro.schema.Name,
-            "99 problems but a name aint one",
-            None,
-            None,
-        )
-
-    def test_null_namespace(self):
-        """The empty string may be used as a namespace to indicate the null namespace."""
-        name = avro.schema.Name("name", "", None)
-        self.assertEqual(name.fullname, "name")
-        self.assertIsNone(name.space)
-
     def test_exception_is_not_swallowed_on_parse_error(self):
         """A specific exception message should appear on a json parse error."""
         self.assertRaisesRegex(
@@ -642,16 +783,16 @@ def test_decimal_valid_type(self):
             }
         )
 
-        bytes_decimal_schema = ValidTestSchema({"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 4})
-
         fixed_decimal = fixed_decimal_schema.parse()
         self.assertEqual(4, fixed_decimal.get_prop("precision"))
         self.assertEqual(2, fixed_decimal.get_prop("scale"))
         self.assertEqual(2, fixed_decimal.get_prop("size"))
 
+        bytes_decimal_schema = ValidTestSchema({"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 4})
         bytes_decimal = bytes_decimal_schema.parse()
         self.assertEqual(4, bytes_decimal.get_prop("precision"))
         self.assertEqual(0, bytes_decimal.get_prop("scale"))
+        self.assertEqual("decimal", bytes_decimal.get_prop("logicalType"))
 
     def test_fixed_decimal_valid_max_precision(self):
         # An 8 byte number can represent any 18 digit number.
@@ -691,13 +832,25 @@ def test_fixed_decimal_invalid_max_precision(self):
     def test_parse_invalid_symbol(self):
         """Disabling enumschema symbol validation should allow invalid symbols to pass."""
         test_schema_string = json.dumps({"type": "enum", "name": "AVRO2174", "symbols": ["white space"]})
+
         with self.assertRaises(avro.errors.InvalidName, msg="When enum symbol validation is enabled, an invalid symbol should raise InvalidName."):
             avro.schema.parse(test_schema_string, validate_enum_symbols=True)
+
         try:
             avro.schema.parse(test_schema_string, validate_enum_symbols=False)
         except avro.errors.InvalidName:  # pragma: no coverage
             self.fail("When enum symbol validation is disabled, an invalid symbol should not raise InvalidName.")
 
+    def test_unsupported_fingerprint_algorithm(self):
+        s = avro.schema.parse('"int"')
+        self.assertRaises(avro.errors.UnknownFingerprintAlgorithmException, s.fingerprint, "foo")
+
+    def test_less_popular_fingerprint_algorithm(self):
+        s = avro.schema.parse('"int"')
+        fingerprint = s.fingerprint("sha384")
+        hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
+        self.assertEqual(hex_fingerprint, "32ed5e4ac896570f044d1dab68f4c8ca9866ac06d22261f399316bf4799e16854750238085775107dfac905c82b2feaf")
+
 
 class SchemaParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Enable generating parse test cases over all the valid and invalid example schema."""
@@ -719,7 +872,7 @@ def parse_valid(self) -> None:
         try:
             warnings.filterwarnings(action="error", category=avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType)
             self.test_schema.parse()
-        except (avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType) as e:
+        except avro.errors.IgnoredLogicalType as e:
             self.assertIn(type(e), (type(w) for w in test_warnings))
             self.assertIn(str(e), (str(w) for w in test_warnings))
         except (avro.errors.AvroException, avro.errors.SchemaParseException):  # pragma: no coverage
@@ -737,6 +890,31 @@ def parse_invalid(self):
             self.test_schema.parse()
 
 
+class HashableTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Ensure that Schema are hashable.
+
+    While hashability is implemented with parsing canonical form fingerprinting,
+    this test should be kept distinct to avoid coupling."""
+
+    def __init__(self, test_schema):
+        """Ignore the normal signature for unittest.TestCase because we are generating
+        many test cases from this one class. This is safe as long as the autoloader
+        ignores this class. The autoloader will ignore this class as long as it has
+        no methods starting with `test_`.
+        """
+        super().__init__("parse_and_hash")
+        self.test_schema = test_schema
+
+    def parse_and_hash(self):
+        """Ensure that every schema can be hashed."""
+        try:
+            hash(self.test_schema.parse())
+        except TypeError as e:
+            if "unhashable type" in str(e):
+                self.fail(f"{self.test_schema} is not hashable")
+            raise
+
+
 class RoundTripParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Enable generating round-trip parse test cases over all the valid test schema."""
 
@@ -1238,6 +1416,39 @@ def test_large_record_interop(self):
         )
 
 
+class FingerprintTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Enable generating fingerprint test cases across algorithms.
+
+    Fingerprint examples are in the form of tuples:
+        - Value in Position 0 is schema
+        - Value in Position 1 is an array of fingerprints:
+            - Position 0 is CRC-64-AVRO fingerprint
+            - Position 0 is MD5 fingerprint
+            - Position 0 is SHA256 fingerprint
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, test_schema, fingerprints):
+        """Ignore the normal signature for unittest.TestCase because we are generating
+        many test cases from this one class. This is safe as long as the autoloader
+        ignores this class. The autoloader will ignore this class as long as it has
+        no methods starting with `test_`.
+        """
+        super(FingerprintTestCase, self).__init__("validate_fingerprint")
+        self.test_schema = test_schema
+        self.fingerprints = fingerprints
+
+    def _hex_fingerprint(self, fingerprint):
+        return "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
+
+    def validate_fingerprint(self):
+        """The string of a Schema should be parseable to the same Schema."""
+        s = avro.schema.parse(self.test_schema)
+        self.assertEqual(self._hex_fingerprint(s.fingerprint()), self.fingerprints[0])
+        self.assertEqual(self._hex_fingerprint(s.fingerprint("md5")), self.fingerprints[1])
+        self.assertEqual(self._hex_fingerprint(s.fingerprint("sha256")), self.fingerprints[2])
+
+
 def load_tests(loader, default_tests, pattern):
     """Generate test cases across many test schema."""
     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
@@ -1247,6 +1458,8 @@ def load_tests(loader, default_tests, pattern):
     suite.addTests(DocAttributesTestCase(ex) for ex in DOC_EXAMPLES)
     suite.addTests(OtherAttributesTestCase(ex) for ex in OTHER_PROP_EXAMPLES)
     suite.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(CanonicalFormTestCase))
+    suite.addTests(FingerprintTestCase(ex[0], ex[1]) for ex in FINGERPRINT_EXAMPLES)
+    suite.addTests(HashableTestCase(ex) for ex in VALID_EXAMPLES)
     return suite
 
 
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task.py
index 5a4e2b26dbe..35be22437dd 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import io
-import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task_runner.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task_runner.py
index 7696161d3c9..8e52c985edd 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task_runner.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_task_runner.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 import io
 import logging
-import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ def test1(self):
 
             pyfile = avro.test.mock_tether_parent.__file__
             proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, pyfile, "start_server", f"{parent_port}"])
-            input_port = avro.tether.util.find_port()
 
             print(f"Mock server started process pid={proc.pid}")
             # Possible race condition? open tries to connect to the subprocess before the subprocess is fully started
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_word_count.py b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_word_count.py
index 5c876eebdb3..e5144bcbff6 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_word_count.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/test/test_tether_word_count.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import collections
-import distutils.spawn
 import os
 import platform
 import shutil
@@ -80,13 +79,13 @@ def _has_java():  # pragma: no coverage
     telling you how to install java. This code does additional work around that
     to be completely automatic.
     """
-    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
-        try:
-            output = subprocess.check_output("/usr/libexec/java_home", stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            output = e.output
-        return b"No Java runtime present" not in output
-    return bool(distutils.spawn.find_executable("java"))
+    if platform.system() != "Darwin":
+        return bool(shutil.which("java"))
+    try:
+        output = subprocess.check_output("/usr/libexec/java_home", stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        output = e.output
+    return b"No Java runtime present" not in output
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(_has_java(), "No Java runtime present")
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/tether/__init__.py b/lang/py/avro/tether/__init__.py
index 4875581f292..68df39ec4d4 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/tether/__init__.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/tether/__init__.py
@@ -27,3 +27,13 @@
 )
 from avro.tether.tether_task_runner import TaskRunner
 from avro.tether.util import find_port
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HTTPRequestor",
+    "TaskRunner",
+    "TaskType",
+    "TetherTask",
+    "find_port",
+    "inputProtocol",
+    "outputProtocol",
+)
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task.py b/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task.py
index 070ae57bce5..6caac6abe90 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task.py
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def configure(self, taskType, inSchemaText, outSchemaText):
 
         try:
             inSchema = avro.schema.parse(inSchemaText)
-            outSchema = avro.schema.parse(outSchemaText)
+            avro.schema.parse(outSchemaText)
 
             if taskType == TaskType.MAP:
                 self.inReader = avro.io.DatumReader(writers_schema=inSchema, readers_schema=self.inschema)
@@ -299,8 +299,7 @@ def configure(self, taskType, inSchemaText, outSchemaText):
                 # determine which fields in the input record are they keys for the reducer
                 self._red_fkeys = [f.name for f in self.midschema.fields if not (f.order == "ignore")]
 
-        except Exception as e:
-
+        except Exception:
             estr = traceback.format_exc()
             self.fail(estr)
 
@@ -318,8 +317,8 @@ def input(self, data, count):
 
         Parameters
         ------------------------------------------------------
-        data - Sould containg the bytes encoding the serialized data
-              - I think this gets represented as a tring
+        data - Should contain the bytes encoding the serialized data
+              - I think this gets represented as a string
         count - how many input records are provided in the binary stream
         """
         try:
@@ -335,7 +334,6 @@ def input(self, data, count):
                     self.map(inRecord, self.midCollector)
 
                 elif self.taskType == TaskType.REDUCE:
-
                     # store the previous record
                     prev = self.midRecord
 
@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ def input(self, data, count):
                         self.reduceFlush(prev, self.outCollector)
                     self.reduce(self.midRecord, self.outCollector)
 
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             estr = traceback.format_exc()
             self.log.warning("failing: %s", estr)
             self.fail(estr)
@@ -359,7 +357,7 @@ def complete(self):
         if (self.taskType == TaskType.REDUCE) and not (self.midRecord is None):
             try:
                 self.reduceFlush(self.midRecord, self.outCollector)
-            except Exception as e:
+            except Exception:
                 estr = traceback.format_exc()
                 self.log.warning("failing: %s", estr)
                 self.fail(estr)
@@ -432,7 +430,7 @@ def fail(self, message):
 
         try:
             self.outputClient.request("fail", {"message": message})
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             self.log.exception("TetherTask.fail: an exception occured while trying to send the fail message to the output server.")
 
         self.close()
@@ -443,7 +441,7 @@ def close(self):
             try:
                 self.clienTransciever.close()
 
-            except Exception as e:
+            except Exception:
                 # ignore exceptions
                 pass
 
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task_runner.py b/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task_runner.py
index c1533b33353..410f6c00e4c 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task_runner.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/tether/tether_task_runner.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def invoke(self, message, request):
                 self.log.info("TetherTaskRunner: Received partitions")
                 try:
                     self.task.partitions = request["partitions"]
-                except Exception as e:
+                except Exception:
                     self.log.error("Exception occured while processing the partitions message: Message:\n%s", traceback.format_exc())
                     raise
             elif message.name == "input":
diff --git a/lang/py/avro/utils.py b/lang/py/avro/utils.py
index 76d8f6ec293..32e7f5aa36a 100644
--- a/lang/py/avro/utils.py
+++ b/lang/py/avro/utils.py
@@ -36,3 +36,5 @@ def _randbytes(n: int) -> bytes:
 
 
 randbytes = getattr(random, "randbytes", _randbytes)
+
+__all__ = ("randbytes", "TypedDict")
diff --git a/lang/py/build.sh b/lang/py/build.sh
index 7412889ec5a..369b8aa69f9 100755
--- a/lang/py/build.sh
+++ b/lang/py/build.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 set -e
 
 usage() {
-  echo "Usage: $0 {clean|dist|interop-data-generate|interop-data-test|lint|test}"
+  echo "Usage: $0 {clean|dist|doc|interop-data-generate|interop-data-test|lint|test}"
   exit 1
 }
 
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ clean() {
                  '*.avsc' \
                  '*.egg-info' \
                  '*.py[co]' \
-                 'VERSION.txt' \
                  '__pycache__' \
                  '.tox' \
                  'avro/test/interop' \
                  'dist' \
+                 'docs/build' \
                  'userlogs'
 }
 
@@ -51,6 +51,15 @@ dist() (
   "$virtualenv/bin/python3" -m build --outdir "$destination"
 )
 
+doc() {
+  local doc_dir
+  local version=$(cat ../../share/VERSION.txt)
+  doc_dir="../../build/avro-doc-$version/api/py"
+  _tox -e docs
+  mkdir -p "$doc_dir"
+  cp -a docs/build/* "$doc_dir"
+}
+
 interop-data-generate() {
   ./setup.py generate_interop_data
   cp -r avro/test/interop/data ../../build/interop
@@ -63,11 +72,11 @@ interop-data-test() {
 }
 
 lint() {
-  python3 -m tox -e lint
+  _tox -e lint
 }
 
 test_() {
-  TOX_SKIP_ENV=lint python3 -m tox --skip-missing-interpreters
+  TOX_SKIP_ENV=lint _tox --skip-missing-interpreters
 }
 
 main() {
@@ -76,6 +85,7 @@ main() {
     case "$target" in
       clean) clean;;
       dist) dist;;
+      doc) doc;;
       interop-data-generate) interop-data-generate;;
       interop-data-test) interop-data-test;;
       lint) lint;;
@@ -85,4 +95,16 @@ main() {
   done
 }
 
+_tox() {
+  if command -v tox 2> /dev/null; then
+    tox "$@"
+  else
+    echo 'Your experience will improve if you install tox'
+    virtualenv="$(mktemp -d)"
+    python3 -m venv "$virtualenv"
+    "$virtualenv/bin/python3" -m pip install tox
+    "$virtualenv/bin/tox" "$@"
+  fi
+}
+
 main "$@"
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/Makefile b/lang/py/docs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0710c99b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
+# from the environment for the first two.
+SPHINXOPTS    ?=
+SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = source
+BUILDDIR      = build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/make.bat b/lang/py/docs/make.bat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93900e3e37b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/make.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+REM Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+REM contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+REM this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+REM The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+REM (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+REM the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+REM
+REM     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+REM
+REM Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+REM distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+REM WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+REM See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+REM limitations under the License.
+
+@ECHO OFF
+
+pushd %~dp0
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set SOURCEDIR=source
+set BUILDDIR=build
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+goto end
+
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+
+:end
+popd
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/source/_static/.gitignore b/lang/py/docs/source/_static/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/source/automodule.rst b/lang/py/docs/source/automodule.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bfd53e79252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/source/automodule.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.. Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+   
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+   
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+.. automodule:: avro
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.compatibility
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.datafile
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.ipc
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.protocol
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.codecs
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.constants
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.io
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.tether
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.tether.tether_task_runner
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.tether.util
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.tether.tether_task
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.utils
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.errors
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.name
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.tool
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.timezones
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.__main__
+   :members:
+.. automodule:: avro.schema
+   :members:
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/source/conf.py b/lang/py/docs/source/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85ba2827ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+##
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# For the full list of built-in configuration values, see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#project-information
+import sys
+
+sys.path.append("..")
+
+project = "Apache Avro"
+copyright = "2023, Apache"
+author = "Apache"
+release = "1.12.0"
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#general-configuration
+
+extensions = ["sphinx.ext.autodoc"]
+
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+exclude_patterns = []
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-html-output
+
+html_theme = "alabaster"
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/source/index.rst b/lang/py/docs/source/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec66916da4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.. Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+   
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+   
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+
+
+   intro
+   automodule
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
diff --git a/lang/py/docs/source/intro.rst b/lang/py/docs/source/intro.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca480a15bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/py/docs/source/intro.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.. Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+   
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+   
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+Welcome to Avro's Python documentation!
+=======================================
+
+Avro is a data serialization system. See `avro.apache.org <https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/>`_ for background information.
+
+Avro Python is a Python library that implements parts of the `Avro Specification <https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/specification/>`_.
+
+The library includes the following functionality:
+
+* Assembling schemas programmatically.
+* A schema parser, which can parse Avro schema (written in JSON) into a Schema object.
+* Binary encoders and decoders to encode data into Avro format and decode it back using primitive functions.
+* Streams for storing and reading data, which Encoders and Decoders use.
+* Support for Avro DataFile.
diff --git a/lang/py/pyproject.toml b/lang/py/pyproject.toml
index 675e976379a..bc4e5d4bce8 100644
--- a/lang/py/pyproject.toml
+++ b/lang/py/pyproject.toml
@@ -25,3 +25,12 @@ line-length = 150
 
 [tool.isort]
 profile = 'black'
+
+[tool.autoflake]
+expand-star-imports = true
+recursive = true
+# Put a name in __all_ to explicitly export something a module imports.
+# This is clearer and will keep autoflake from trying to remove it.
+remove-all-unused-imports = true
+remove-duplicate-keys = true
+remove-unused-variables = true
diff --git a/lang/py/setup.cfg b/lang/py/setup.cfg
index 48eb6684708..5b2a6c78080 100644
--- a/lang/py/setup.cfg
+++ b/lang/py/setup.cfg
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ name = avro
 version = file: avro/VERSION.txt
 description = Avro is a serialization and RPC framework.
 long_description = file: README.md
-long_description_content_type='text/markdown'
+long_description_content_type=text/markdown
 keywords =
     avro
     serialization
@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@ keywords =
 author = Apache Avro
 author_email = dev@avro.apache.org
 url = https://avro.apache.org/
-license_file = avro/LICENSE
+license_files = avro/LICENSE
 license = Apache License 2.0
 classifiers =
     License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
     Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
 
 [bdist_wheel]
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ include_package_data = true
 install_requires =
     typing-extensions;python_version<"3.8"
 zip_safe = true
-python_requires = >=3.6
+python_requires = >=3.7
 
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
@@ -79,3 +80,8 @@ zstandard = zstandard
 
 [aliases]
 dist = sdist --dist-dir ../../dist/py
+
+[flake8]
+# Flake8 doesn't support configuration in pyproject.toml
+# Otherwise, configure it to be compatible with black in that file.
+max-line-length = 150
diff --git a/lang/py/setup.py b/lang/py/setup.py
index dee0e7f2ee9..d68073a7b6d 100755
--- a/lang/py/setup.py
+++ b/lang/py/setup.py
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 
 
 import distutils.errors
-import glob
 import os
-import subprocess
 
 import setuptools  # type: ignore
 
diff --git a/lang/py/tox.ini b/lang/py/tox.ini
index bbd42d6ee86..144e358dda6 100644
--- a/lang/py/tox.ini
+++ b/lang/py/tox.ini
@@ -18,14 +18,16 @@
 envlist =
     build  # Build the wheel
     # Fastest checks first
+    docs
     lint
     typechecks
-    py36
     py37
     py38
     py39
-    pypy3.6
-    pypy3.7
+    py310
+    py311
+    pypy3.9
+    pypy3.10
 
 
 [coverage:run]
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ deps =
     coverage
     python-snappy
     zstandard
-whitelist_externals =
+allowlist_externals =
     cp
     mkdir
 commands_pre =
@@ -60,17 +62,27 @@ commands_post =
 ##
 # A virtual environment only used to build the wheel
 deps =
-whitelist_externals =
+allowlist_externals =
 commands_pre =
 commands =
 commands_post =
 
+[testenv:docs]
+deps =
+    sphinx
+commands_pre =
+commands =
+    sphinx-build -b html docs/source/ docs/build/html
+commands_post =
+
 [testenv:lint]
 deps =
+    autoflake
     black
     isort
 commands_pre =
 commands =
+    autoflake --check-diff .
     black --check .
     isort --check-only .
 commands_post =
diff --git a/lang/ruby/.gitignore b/lang/ruby/.gitignore
index 10e8df667cf..2079e4f0e20 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/.gitignore
+++ b/lang/ruby/.gitignore
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ data.avr
 Gemfile.lock
 .bundle/
 .gem/
-avro.gemspec
 pkg/
 .ruby-version
 .ruby-gemset
diff --git a/lang/ruby/.rubocop.yml b/lang/ruby/.rubocop.yml
index 93c6a8e1f87..d47caa81298 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/.rubocop.yml
+++ b/lang/ruby/.rubocop.yml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 AllCops:
-  TargetRubyVersion: 2.6
+  TargetRubyVersion: 2.7
   NewCops: disable
   SuggestExtensions: false
 
diff --git a/lang/ruby/CHANGELOG b/lang/ruby/CHANGELOG
deleted file mode 100644
index 16d7595606a..00000000000
--- a/lang/ruby/CHANGELOG
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-v0.0.1 stuff
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/ruby/Gemfile b/lang/ruby/Gemfile
index 98cade415f7..1216df5d8f4 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/Gemfile
+++ b/lang/ruby/Gemfile
@@ -15,9 +15,16 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+VERSION = File.open('../../share/VERSION.txt').read.sub('-SNAPSHOT', '.pre1').chomp
+File.write("lib/avro/VERSION.txt", VERSION)
+
+gemspec
+
+# Development and optional runtime dependencies are listed below.
+# Required runtime dependencies must be listed in avro.gemspec.
+
 gem 'rake'
-gem 'echoe'
-gem 'multi_json'
 gem 'snappy'
 gem 'zstd-ruby'
 gem 'test-unit'
@@ -28,5 +35,5 @@ gem 'webrick'
 gem 'memory_profiler'
 
 # next major version will enable new cops
-gem 'rubocop', '~> 1.15'
+gem 'rubocop', ['>= 1.15', '< 1.31']
 gem 'rdoc'
diff --git a/lang/ruby/Manifest b/lang/ruby/Manifest
index 6ce443580a0..b35500119cd 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/Manifest
+++ b/lang/ruby/Manifest
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-CHANGELOG
 LICENSE
 NOTICE
 Manifest
diff --git a/lang/ruby/NOTICE b/lang/ruby/NOTICE
index 859ea81d74f..4ef234ec5d6 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/NOTICE
+++ b/lang/ruby/NOTICE
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Apache Avro
-Copyright 2010-2015 The Apache Software Foundation
+Copyright 2010-2021 The Apache Software Foundation
 
 This product includes software developed at
 The Apache Software Foundation (https://www.apache.org/).
diff --git a/lang/ruby/Rakefile b/lang/ruby/Rakefile
index 92a826386e1..9f41c46f57c 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/Rakefile
+++ b/lang/ruby/Rakefile
@@ -15,23 +15,20 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-require 'rubygems'
-require 'echoe'
-VERSION = File.open('../../share/VERSION.txt').read.sub('-SNAPSHOT', '.pre1').chomp
-File.write("lib/avro/VERSION.txt", VERSION)
-Echoe.new('avro', VERSION) do |p|
-  p.author = "Apache Software Foundation"
-  p.email = "dev@avro.apache.org"
-  p.summary = "Apache Avro for Ruby"
-  p.description = "Avro is a data serialization and RPC format"
-  p.url = "https://avro.apache.org/"
-  p.runtime_dependencies = ["multi_json ~>1"]
-  p.licenses = ["Apache-2.0"]
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require 'rake/testtask'
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:interop) do |t|
+  t.pattern = 'interop/test*.rb'
 end
 
-t = Rake::TestTask.new(:interop)
-t.pattern = 'interop/test*.rb'
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t|
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.pattern = 'test/test_*.rb'
+  t.verbose = true
+end
 
+desc "Generate data for interop tests"
 task :generate_interop do
   $:.unshift(HERE + '/lib')
   $:.unshift(HERE + '/test')
@@ -50,8 +47,9 @@ task :generate_interop do
   end
 end
 
-
 HERE = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
 SHARE = HERE + '/../../share'
 SCHEMAS = SHARE + '/test/schemas'
 BUILD = HERE + '/../../build'
+
+task default: :test
diff --git a/lang/ruby/avro.gemspec b/lang/ruby/avro.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee4778e88fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/ruby/avro.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+  s.name = "avro"
+  s.version = File.read("lib/avro/VERSION.txt")
+  s.authors = ["Apache Software Foundation"]
+  s.email = "dev@avro.apache.org"
+
+  s.summary = "Apache Avro for Ruby"
+  s.description = "Avro is a data serialization and RPC format"
+  s.homepage = "https://avro.apache.org/"
+  s.license = "Apache-2.0"
+  s.required_ruby_version = ">= 2.7"
+
+  s.metadata["homepage_uri"] = s.homepage
+  s.metadata["bug_tracker_uri"] = "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO"
+  s.metadata["source_code_uri"] = "https://github.com/apache/avro"
+  s.metadata["documentation_uri"] = "https://avro.apache.org/docs/#{s.version}/"
+  s.metadata["rubygems_mfa_required"] = "true"
+
+  files = File.read("Manifest").split("\n")
+  s.files = files.reject { |f| f.start_with?("test/") }
+  s.rdoc_options = ["--line-numbers", "--title", "Avro"]
+  s.test_files = files.select { |f| f.start_with?("test/") }
+  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  s.add_dependency("multi_json", "~> 1.0")
+end
diff --git a/lang/ruby/build.sh b/lang/ruby/build.sh
index db7423684a7..4cb992fec18 100755
--- a/lang/ruby/build.sh
+++ b/lang/ruby/build.sh
@@ -22,13 +22,8 @@ cd "$(dirname "$0")"
 
 # maintain our gems here
 export GEM_HOME="$PWD/.gem/"
-export PATH="/usr/local/rbenv/shims:$GEM_HOME/bin:$PATH"
+export PATH="$GEM_HOME/bin:$PATH"
 
-# bootstrap bundler
-gem install --no-document -v 1.17.3 bundler
-
-# rbenv is used by the Dockerfile but not the Github action in CI
-rbenv rehash 2>/dev/null || echo "Not using rbenv"
 bundle install
 
 for target in "$@"
@@ -51,17 +46,16 @@ do
       ;;
 
     dist)
-      bundle exec rake build_gemspec
-      gem build
+      bundle exec rake build
       DIST="../../dist/ruby"
       mkdir -p "${DIST}"
       VERSION=$(cat lib/avro/VERSION.txt)
-      cp "avro-${VERSION}.gem" "${DIST}"
+      cp "pkg/avro-${VERSION}.gem" "${DIST}"
       ;;
 
     clean)
       bundle exec rake clean
-      rm -rf tmp avro.gemspec data.avr
+      rm -rf tmp data.avr lib/avro/VERSION.txt
       ;;
 
     *)
diff --git a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/io.rb b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/io.rb
index e6e3b326d2d..091b3544672 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/io.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/io.rb
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def read_long
       def read_float
         # A float is written as 4 bytes.
         # The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method
-        # equivalent to Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in
+        # equivalent to Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in
         # little-endian format.
         read_and_unpack(4, 'e')
       end
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def read_float
       def read_double
         #  A double is written as 8 bytes.
         # The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method
-        # equivalent to Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in
+        # equivalent to Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in
         # little-endian format.
         read_and_unpack(8, 'E')
       end
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def write_long(n)
 
       # A float is written as 4 bytes.
       # The float is converted into a 32-bit integer using a method
-      # equivalent to Java's floatToIntBits and then encoded in
+      # equivalent to Java's floatToRawIntBits and then encoded in
       # little-endian format.
       def write_float(datum)
         @writer.write([datum].pack('e'))
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ def write_float(datum)
 
       # A double is written as 8 bytes.
       # The double is converted into a 64-bit integer using a method
-      # equivalent to Java's doubleToLongBits and then encoded in
+      # equivalent to Java's doubleToRawLongBits and then encoded in
       # little-endian format.
       def write_double(datum)
         @writer.write([datum].pack('E'))
@@ -390,31 +390,31 @@ def read_record(writers_schema, readers_schema, decoder)
 
       def read_default_value(field_schema, default_value)
         # Basically a JSON Decoder?
-        case field_schema.type_sym
+        datum = case field_schema.type_sym
         when :null
-          return nil
+          nil
         when :int, :long
-          return Integer(default_value)
+          Integer(default_value)
         when :float, :double
-          return Float(default_value)
+          Float(default_value)
         when :boolean, :enum, :fixed, :string, :bytes
-          return default_value
+          default_value
         when :array
           read_array = []
           default_value.each do |json_val|
             item_val = read_default_value(field_schema.items, json_val)
             read_array << item_val
           end
-          return read_array
+          read_array
         when :map
           read_map = {}
           default_value.each do |key, json_val|
             map_val = read_default_value(field_schema.values, json_val)
             read_map[key] = map_val
           end
-          return read_map
+          read_map
         when :union
-          return read_default_value(field_schema.schemas[0], default_value)
+          read_default_value(field_schema.schemas[0], default_value)
         when :record, :error
           read_record = {}
           field_schema.fields.each do |field|
@@ -423,11 +423,13 @@ def read_default_value(field_schema, default_value)
             field_val = read_default_value(field.type, json_val)
             read_record[field.name] = field_val
           end
-          return read_record
+          read_record
         else
           fail_msg = "Unknown type: #{field_schema.type}"
           raise AvroError, fail_msg
         end
+
+        field_schema.type_adapter.decode(datum)
       end
 
       def skip_data(writers_schema, decoder)
diff --git a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/logical_types.rb b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/logical_types.rb
index 1d1fb6f7528..48e0ded5098 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/logical_types.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/logical_types.rb
@@ -214,30 +214,50 @@ def self.decode(int)
     end
 
     module TimestampMillis
+      SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND = 1000
+
       def self.encode(value)
         return value.to_i if value.is_a?(Numeric)
 
         time = value.to_time
-        time.to_i * 1000 + time.usec / 1000
+        time.to_i * SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND + time.usec / SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND
       end
 
       def self.decode(int)
-        s, ms = int / 1000, int % 1000
-        Time.at(s, ms * 1000).utc
+        s, ms = int.divmod(SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND)
+        Time.at(s, ms, :millisecond).utc
       end
     end
 
     module TimestampMicros
+      SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND = 1000_000
+
+      def self.encode(value)
+        return value.to_i if value.is_a?(Numeric)
+
+        time = value.to_time
+        time.to_i * SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND + time.usec
+      end
+
+      def self.decode(int)
+        s, us = int.divmod(SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND)
+        Time.at(s, us, :microsecond).utc
+      end
+    end
+
+    module TimestampNanos
+      SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND = 1000_000_000
+
       def self.encode(value)
         return value.to_i if value.is_a?(Numeric)
 
         time = value.to_time
-        time.to_i * 1000_000 + time.usec
+        time.to_i * SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND + time.nsec
       end
 
       def self.decode(int)
-        s, us = int / 1000_000, int % 1000_000
-        Time.at(s, us).utc
+        s, ns = int.divmod(SUBUNITS_PER_SECOND)
+        Time.at(s, ns, :nanosecond).utc
       end
     end
 
@@ -260,7 +280,8 @@ def self.decode(datum)
       },
       "long" => {
         "timestamp-millis" => TimestampMillis,
-        "timestamp-micros" => TimestampMicros
+        "timestamp-micros" => TimestampMicros,
+        "timestamp-nanos"  => TimestampNanos
       },
     }.freeze
 
diff --git a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema.rb b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema.rb
index 0b4c04f33ba..37e1d21031c 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema.rb
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def self.real_parse(json_obj, names=nil, default_namespace=nil)
       elsif PRIMITIVE_TYPES.include? json_obj
         return PrimitiveSchema.new(json_obj)
       else
-        raise UnknownSchemaError.new(json_obj)
+        raise UnknownSchemaError.new(json_obj, default_namespace)
       end
     end
 
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ def self.validate(expected_schema, logical_datum, options = DEFAULT_VALIDATE_OPT
     def initialize(type, logical_type=nil)
       @type_sym = type.is_a?(Symbol) ? type : type.to_sym
       @logical_type = logical_type
+      @type_adapter = nil
     end
 
     attr_reader :type_sym
@@ -571,6 +572,7 @@ def initialize(type, name, default=:no_default, order=nil, names=nil, namespace=
         @order = order
         @doc = doc
         @aliases = aliases
+        @type_adapter = nil
         validate_aliases! if aliases
         validate_default! if default? && !Avro.disable_field_default_validation
       end
@@ -599,8 +601,16 @@ def validate_default!
                            else
                              type
                            end
-
-        Avro::SchemaValidator.validate!(type_for_default, default)
+        case type_for_default.logical_type
+        when DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE
+          # https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#schema-record
+          # Default values for bytes and fixed fields are JSON strings, where Unicode code points 0-255 are mapped to unsigned 8-bit byte values 0-255
+          options = SchemaValidator::DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS.dup
+          options[:encoded] = true
+          Avro::SchemaValidator.validate!(type_for_default, default, options)
+        else
+          Avro::SchemaValidator.validate!(type_for_default, default)
+        end
       rescue Avro::SchemaValidator::ValidationError => e
         raise Avro::SchemaParseError, "Error validating default for #{name}: #{e.message}"
       end
@@ -611,9 +621,11 @@ class SchemaParseError < AvroError; end
 
   class UnknownSchemaError < SchemaParseError
     attr_reader :type_name
+    attr_reader :default_namespace
 
-    def initialize(type)
+    def initialize(type, default_namespace)
       @type_name = type
+      @default_namespace = default_namespace
       super("#{type.inspect} is not a schema we know about.")
     end
   end
diff --git a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema_validator.rb b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema_validator.rb
index 30022bb99b7..8e463941a8b 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema_validator.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/lib/avro/schema_validator.rb
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def validate_simple(expected_schema, logical_datum, path, result, options)
           fail TypeMismatchError unless datum.is_a?(Integer)
           result.add_error(path, "out of bound value #{datum}") unless LONG_RANGE.cover?(datum)
         when :float, :double
-          fail TypeMismatchError unless datum.is_a?(Float) || datum.is_a?(Integer)
+          fail TypeMismatchError unless datum.is_a?(Float) || datum.is_a?(Integer) || datum.is_a?(BigDecimal)
         when :fixed
           if datum.is_a? String
             result.add_error(path, fixed_string_message(expected_schema.size, datum)) unless datum.bytesize == expected_schema.size
diff --git a/lang/ruby/test/random_data.rb b/lang/ruby/test/random_data.rb
index 8d84058b552..1c87a4be84b 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/test/random_data.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/test/random_data.rb
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ def logical_nextdata(schm, _d=0)
       Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMicros.decode(rand_long)
     when 'timestamp-millis'
       Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMillis.decode(rand_long)
+    when 'timestamp-nanos'
+      Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampNanos.decode(rand_long)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lang/ruby/test/test_io.rb b/lang/ruby/test/test_io.rb
index c85135743a7..c2b5ffc722c 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/test/test_io.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/test/test_io.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,10 @@ def test_record_with_logical_type
                             "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}},
                   {"name": "ts2",
                    "type": {"type": "long",
-                            "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}}]}
+                            "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}},
+                  {"name": "ts3",
+                   "type": {"type": "long",
+                            "logicalType": "timestamp-nanos"}}]}
 EOS
     check(record_schema)
   end
@@ -490,6 +493,20 @@ def test_aliased
     assert_equal(datum_read, { 'field2' => 1 })
   end
 
+  def test_big_decimal_datum_for_float
+    writers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"float"')
+    writer, * = write_datum(BigDecimal('1.2'), writers_schema)
+    datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema)
+    assert_in_delta(1.2, datum_read)
+  end
+
+  def test_big_decimal_datum_for_double
+    writers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"double"')
+    writer, * = write_datum(BigDecimal("1.2"), writers_schema)
+    datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema)
+    assert_in_delta(1.2, datum_read)
+  end
+
   def test_snappy_backward_compat
     # a snappy-compressed block payload without the checksum
     # this has no back-references, just one literal so the last 9
diff --git a/lang/ruby/test/test_logical_types.rb b/lang/ruby/test/test_logical_types.rb
index 9806eaece12..cb83bdc5d1d 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/test/test_logical_types.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/test/test_logical_types.rb
@@ -92,6 +92,28 @@ def test_timestamp_micros_long_conversion
     assert_equal Time.utc(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221843), type.decode(1432849613221843)
   end
 
+  def test_timestamp_nanos_long
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      { "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-nanos" }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    time = Time.at(628232400, 123456789, :nanosecond)
+    assert_equal 'timestamp-nanos', schema.logical_type
+    assert_encode_and_decode time, schema
+    assert_preencoded Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampNanos.encode(time), schema, time.utc
+  end
+
+  def test_timestamp_nanos_long_conversion
+    type = Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampNanos
+
+    now = Time.now.utc
+
+    assert_equal Time.at(now.to_i, now.nsec, :nanosecond).utc, type.decode(type.encode(now))
+    assert_equal 1432849613221843789, type.encode(Time.at(1432849613, 221843789, :nanosecond).utc)
+    assert_equal 1432849613221843789, type.encode(DateTime.new(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53.221843789))
+    assert_equal Time.at(1432849613, 221843789, :nanosecond).utc, type.decode(1432849613221843789)
+  end
+
   def test_parse_fixed_duration
     schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
       { "type": "fixed", "size": 12, "name": "fixed_dur", "logicalType": "duration" }
@@ -124,6 +146,113 @@ def test_bytes_decimal
     end
   end
 
+  def test_logical_type_default_value
+    sales_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Order",
+        "fields" : [
+            {
+                "name": "sales",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "bytes",
+                        "logicalType": "decimal",
+                        "precision": 4,
+                        "scale": 2
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": "\u0000"
+            }
+        ]
+    }')
+
+    sales_tax_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Order",
+        "fields" : [
+            {
+                "name": "sales",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "bytes",
+                        "logicalType": "decimal",
+                        "precision": 4,
+                        "scale": 2
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": "\u0000"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "tax",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "bytes",
+                        "logicalType": "decimal",
+                        "precision": 4,
+                        "scale": 2
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": "\u0000"
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "invoice_date",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "int",
+                        "logicalType": "date"
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": 0
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "invoice_time",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "int",
+                        "logicalType": "time-millis"
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": 0
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "created_at",
+                "type": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "long",
+                        "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+                    },
+                    "null"
+                ],
+                "default": 0
+            }
+        ]
+    }')
+
+    sales_record = {"sales" => BigDecimal("12.34")}
+    sales_tax_record = {
+      "sales" => BigDecimal("12.34"),
+      "tax" => BigDecimal("0.000"),
+      "invoice_date" => Date.new(1970, 1, 1),
+      # time-millis is not supported
+      "invoice_time" => 0,
+      "created_at" => Time.at(0).utc,
+    }
+    encoded = encode(sales_record, sales_schema)
+    assert_equal sales_record, decode(encoded, sales_schema)
+    # decode with different schema applies default
+    assert_equal sales_tax_record, decode(encoded, sales_tax_schema, writer_schema: sales_schema)
+
+    # decode with same schema does not apply default, since it is nullable during encode
+    encoded = encode(sales_record, sales_tax_schema)
+    tax_nil_record = {"sales" => BigDecimal("12.34"), "tax" => nil, "invoice_date" => nil, "invoice_time" => nil, "created_at" => nil}
+    assert_equal tax_nil_record, decode(encoded, sales_tax_schema)
+  end
+
   def test_bytes_decimal_range_errors
     schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
       { "type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 4, "scale": 2 }
@@ -209,7 +338,6 @@ def test_bytes_decimal_object_allocations_encode
       end
 
       assert_equal 5, report.total_allocated
-      # Ruby 2.7 does not retain anything. Ruby 2.6 retains 1
       assert_operator 1, :>=, report.total_retained
     end
   end
@@ -230,8 +358,7 @@ def test_bytes_decimal_object_allocations_decode
       end
 
       assert_equal 5, report.total_allocated
-      # Ruby 2.7 does not retain anything. Ruby 2.6 retains 1
-      assert_operator 1, :>=, report.total_retained
+      assert_equal 0, report.total_retained
     end
   end
 
@@ -245,11 +372,12 @@ def encode(datum, schema)
     buffer.string
   end
 
-  def decode(encoded, schema)
+  def decode(encoded, schema, writer_schema: nil)
+    writer_schema ||= schema
     buffer = StringIO.new(encoded)
     decoder = Avro::IO::BinaryDecoder.new(buffer)
 
-    datum_reader = Avro::IO::DatumReader.new(schema, schema)
+    datum_reader = Avro::IO::DatumReader.new(writer_schema, schema)
     datum_reader.read(decoder)
   end
 
diff --git a/lang/ruby/test/test_schema.rb b/lang/ruby/test/test_schema.rb
index 802653010e9..182f7dd8bca 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/test/test_schema.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/test/test_schema.rb
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ def test_unknown_named_type
     end
 
     assert_equal '"MissingType" is not a schema we know about.', error.message
+    assert_equal "MissingType", error.type_name
+    assert_equal "my.name.space", error.default_namespace
   end
 
   def test_invalid_name
@@ -612,6 +614,37 @@ def test_fixed_decimal_to_without_precision_scale
     assert_equal schema_hash, schema.to_avro
   end
 
+  def test_bytes_decimal_in_record
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'account',
+        fields: [
+          { name: 'balance', type: 'bytes', logicalType: 'decimal', precision: 9, scale: 2 }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bytes_decimal_with_default_in_record
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'account',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'balance',
+            type: [
+              { type: 'bytes', logicalType: 'decimal', precision: 9, scale: 2 },
+              'null'
+            ],
+            default: '\u00ff'
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  end
+  
   def test_bytes_decimal_to_include_precision_scale
     schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
       {
diff --git a/lang/ruby/test/test_schema_validator.rb b/lang/ruby/test/test_schema_validator.rb
index 8d100efa23e..8b120927929 100644
--- a/lang/ruby/test/test_schema_validator.rb
+++ b/lang/ruby/test/test_schema_validator.rb
@@ -170,13 +170,13 @@ def test_validate_long
   def test_validate_float
     schema = hash_to_schema(type: 'float', name: 'name')
 
-    assert_valid_schema(schema, [1.1, 1, Avro::Schema::LONG_MAX_VALUE], ['string'], true)
+    assert_valid_schema(schema, [1.1, 1, BigDecimal('1.1'), Avro::Schema::LONG_MAX_VALUE], ['string'], true)
   end
 
   def test_validate_double
     schema = hash_to_schema(type: 'double', name: 'name')
 
-    assert_valid_schema(schema, [1.1, 1, Avro::Schema::LONG_MAX_VALUE], ['string'], true)
+    assert_valid_schema(schema, [1.1, 1, BigDecimal('1.1'), Avro::Schema::LONG_MAX_VALUE], ['string'], true)
   end
 
   def test_validate_fixed
diff --git a/lang/rust/.cargo-rdme.toml b/lang/rust/.cargo-rdme.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f27313be86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/.cargo-rdme.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+readme-path = "avro/README.md"
+workspace-project = "apache-avro"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lang/rust/.gitignore b/lang/rust/.gitignore
index a9d7edbb160..875c6ff7096 100644
--- a/lang/rust/.gitignore
+++ b/lang/rust/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /target/
 **/*.rs.bk
-Cargo.lock
 *.swp
 .idea/
 *.iml
 precommit_venv/
+fleet.toml
+**/.cargo/config.toml
diff --git a/lang/rust/CHANGELOG.md b/lang/rust/CHANGELOG.md
index 0b1943a9501..47b959e02c2 100644
--- a/lang/rust/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/lang/rust/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
 -->
 
 # Changelog
-All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+This file has been used by [avro-rs](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs) before donating the project to Apache Avro.
+Apache Avro uses [JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO) for issue tracking and changelog!
+
 
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
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diff --git a/lang/rust/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/Cargo.toml
index d0be3d086d2..a5020133686 100644
--- a/lang/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/lang/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,58 +15,37 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
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-
-[[bench]]
-name = "single"
-harness = false
-
-[dependencies]
-byteorder = "1.4.3"
-crc = { version = "1.8.1", optional = true }
-digest = "0.9"
-libflate = "1.1.1"
-num-bigint = "0.4.2"
-rand = "0.8.4"
-regex = "1.5.4"
-serde_json = "1.0.67"
-serde = { version = "1.0.130", features = ["derive"] }
-snap = { version = "1.0.5", optional = true }
-strum = "0.21.0"
-strum_macros = "0.21.1"
-thiserror = "1.0.29"
-typed-builder = "0.9.1"
-uuid = { version = "0.8.2", features = ["serde", "v4"] }
-zerocopy = "0.3.0"
-lazy_static = "1.1.1"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-md-5 = "0.9.1"
-sha2 = "0.9.8"
-criterion = "0.3.5"
-anyhow = "1.0.44"
-hex-literal = "0.3.3"
+[workspace]
+members = [
+    "avro_test_helper",
+    "avro_derive",
+    "avro",
+    "wasm-demo"
+]
+exclude = [
+    "fuzz"
+]
+
+resolver = "2"
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.17.0"
+authors = ["Apache Avro team <dev@avro.apache.org>"]
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/apache/avro"
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.73.0"
+keywords = ["avro", "data", "serialization"]
+categories = ["encoding"]
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/apache-avro"
+
+# dependencies used by more than one members
+[workspace.dependencies]
+log = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.22" }
+serde = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.204", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_bytes = { default-features = false, version = "0.11.15", features = ["std"] }
+serde_json = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.120", features = ["std"] }
+
+[profile.release.package.hello-wasm]
+# Tell `rustc` to optimize for small code size.
+opt-level = "s"
diff --git a/lang/rust/Makefile b/lang/rust/Makefile
index c948b851101..4a903c1c6d7 100644
--- a/lang/rust/Makefile
+++ b/lang/rust/Makefile
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ doc-local:
 
 .PHONY: readme
 readme:
-	cargo readme > README.md
+	cargo rdme
 
 
 # BUILDING
diff --git a/lang/rust/README.md b/lang/rust/README.md
index 7ac542afa00..58d9afcba8f 100644
--- a/lang/rust/README.md
+++ b/lang/rust/README.md
@@ -17,610 +17,30 @@
   under the License.
 -->
 
-# avro-rs
+# apache-avro
 
-[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/avro-rs.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/avro-rs)
-[![Continuous Integration](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/workflows/Continuous%20Integration/badge.svg)](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/actions)
-[![Latest Documentation](https://docs.rs/avro-rs/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/avro-rs)
-[![MIT licensed](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE)
+Apache Avro Rust SDK
 
-A library for working with [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) in Rust.
+[![Current Crates.io Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/apache_avro.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro)
+[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-latest-blue)](https://docs.rs/apache-avro/latest/apache_avro/)
+[![CI](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml)
+![Rust Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/msrv/apache_avro.svg?label=MSRV&color=red)
+![license](https://shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-blue)
 
-Please check our [documentation](https://docs.rs/avro-rs) for examples, tutorials and API reference.
+# Subprojects
 
-**[Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/)** is a data serialization system which provides rich
-data structures and a compact, fast, binary data format.
+## Avro
 
-All data in Avro is schematized, as in the following example:
+See [avro/README.md](./avro/README.md)
 
-```
-{
-    "type": "record",
-    "name": "test",
-    "fields": [
-        {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-        {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-    ]
-}
-```
+## Avro derive
 
-There are basically two ways of handling Avro data in Rust:
+See [avro_derive/README.md](./avro_derive/README.md)
 
-* **as Avro-specialized data types** based on an Avro schema;
-* **as generic Rust serde-compatible types** implementing/deriving `Serialize` and
-`Deserialize`;
+## Avro test helper
 
-**avro-rs** provides a way to read and write both these data representations easily and
-efficiently.
+See [avro_test_helper/README.md](./avro_test_helper/README.md)
 
-## Installing the library
+## WebAssembly demo application
 
-
-Add to your `Cargo.toml`:
-
-```toml
-[dependencies]
-avro-rs = "x.y"
-```
-
-Or in case you want to leverage the **Snappy** codec:
-
-```toml
-[dependencies.avro-rs]
-version = "x.y"
-features = ["snappy"]
-```
-
-## Upgrading to a newer minor version
-
-The library is still in beta, so there might be backward-incompatible changes between minor
-versions. If you have troubles upgrading, check the [version upgrade guide](migration_guide.md).
-
-## Defining a schema
-
-An Avro data cannot exist without an Avro schema. Schemas **must** be used while writing and
-**can** be used while reading and they carry the information regarding the type of data we are
-handling. Avro schemas are used for both schema validation and resolution of Avro data.
-
-Avro schemas are defined in **JSON** format and can just be parsed out of a raw string:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Schema;
-
-let raw_schema = r#"
-    {
-        "type": "record",
-        "name": "test",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-            {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-        ]
-    }
-"#;
-
-// if the schema is not valid, this function will return an error
-let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-
-// schemas can be printed for debugging
-println!("{:?}", schema);
-```
-
-Additionally, a list of of definitions (which may depend on each other) can be given and all of
-them will be parsed into the corresponding schemas.
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Schema;
-
-let raw_schema_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-// This definition depends on the definition of A above
-let raw_schema_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-// if the schemas are not valid, this function will return an error
-let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&[raw_schema_1, raw_schema_2]).unwrap();
-
-// schemas can be printed for debugging
-println!("{:?}", schemas);
-```
-*N.B.* It is important to note that the composition of schema definitions requires schemas with names.
-For this reason, only schemas of type Record, Enum, and Fixed should be input into this function.
-
-The library provides also a programmatic interface to define schemas without encoding them in
-JSON (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the JSON interface. Please read the API
-reference in case you are interested.
-
-For more information about schemas and what kind of information you can encapsulate in them,
-please refer to the appropriate section of the
-[Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas).
-
-## Writing data
-
-Once we have defined a schema, we are ready to serialize data in Avro, validating them against
-the provided schema in the process. As mentioned before, there are two ways of handling Avro
-data in Rust.
-
-**NOTE:** The library also provides a low-level interface for encoding a single datum in Avro
-bytecode without generating markers and headers (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the
-`Writer` interface to be totally Avro-compatible. Please read the API reference in case you are
-interested.
-
-### The avro way
-
-Given that the schema we defined above is that of an Avro *Record*, we are going to use the
-associated type provided by the library to specify the data we want to serialize:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::types::Record;
-use avro_rs::Writer;
-#
-// a writer needs a schema and something to write to
-let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-// the Record type models our Record schema
-let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
-record.put("a", 27i64);
-record.put("b", "foo");
-
-// schema validation happens here
-writer.append(record).unwrap();
-
-// this is how to get back the resulting avro bytecode
-// this performs a flush operation to make sure data has been written, so it can fail
-// you can also call `writer.flush()` yourself without consuming the writer
-let encoded = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-```
-
-The vast majority of the times, schemas tend to define a record as a top-level container
-encapsulating all the values to convert as fields and providing documentation for them, but in
-case we want to directly define an Avro value, the library offers that capability via the
-`Value` interface.
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::types::Value;
-
-let mut value = Value::String("foo".to_string());
-```
-
-### The serde way
-
-Given that the schema we defined above is an Avro *Record*, we can directly use a Rust struct
-deriving `Serialize` to model our data:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Writer;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
-struct Test {
-    a: i64,
-    b: String,
-}
-
-// a writer needs a schema and something to write to
-let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-// the structure models our Record schema
-let test = Test {
-    a: 27,
-    b: "foo".to_owned(),
-};
-
-// schema validation happens here
-writer.append_ser(test).unwrap();
-
-// this is how to get back the resulting avro bytecode
-// this performs a flush operation to make sure data is written, so it can fail
-// you can also call `writer.flush()` yourself without consuming the writer
-let encoded = writer.into_inner();
-```
-
-The vast majority of the times, schemas tend to define a record as a top-level container
-encapsulating all the values to convert as fields and providing documentation for them, but in
-case we want to directly define an Avro value, any type implementing `Serialize` should work.
-
-```rust
-let mut value = "foo".to_string();
-```
-
-### Using codecs to compress data
-
-Avro supports three different compression codecs when encoding data:
-
-* **Null**: leaves data uncompressed;
-* **Deflate**: writes the data block using the deflate algorithm as specified in RFC 1951, and
-typically implemented using the zlib library. Note that this format (unlike the "zlib format" in
-RFC 1950) does not have a checksum.
-* **Snappy**: uses Google's [Snappy](http://google.github.io/snappy/) compression library. Each
-compressed block is followed by the 4-byte, big-endianCRC32 checksum of the uncompressed data in
-the block. You must enable the `snappy` feature to use this codec.
-
-To specify a codec to use to compress data, just specify it while creating a `Writer`:
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Writer;
-use avro_rs::Codec;
-#
-let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
-```
-
-## Reading data
-
-As far as reading Avro encoded data goes, we can just use the schema encoded with the data to
-read them. The library will do it automatically for us, as it already does for the compression
-codec:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Reader;
-#
-// reader creation can fail in case the input to read from is not Avro-compatible or malformed
-let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
-```
-
-In case, instead, we want to specify a different (but compatible) reader schema from the schema
-the data has been written with, we can just do as the following:
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Schema;
-use avro_rs::Reader;
-#
-
-let reader_raw_schema = r#"
-    {
-        "type": "record",
-        "name": "test",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
-            {"name": "c", "type": "long", "default": 43}
-        ]
-    }
-"#;
-
-let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema).unwrap();
-
-// reader creation can fail in case the input to read from is not Avro-compatible or malformed
-let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..]).unwrap();
-```
-
-The library will also automatically perform schema resolution while reading the data.
-
-For more information about schema compatibility and resolution, please refer to the
-[Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas).
-
-As usual, there are two ways to handle Avro data in Rust, as you can see below.
-
-**NOTE:** The library also provides a low-level interface for decoding a single datum in Avro
-bytecode without markers and header (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the `Reader`
-interface to leverage all Avro features. Please read the API reference in case you are
-interested.
-
-
-### The avro way
-
-We can just read directly instances of `Value` out of the `Reader` iterator:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Reader;
-#
-let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
-
-// value is a Result  of an Avro Value in case the read operation fails
-for value in reader {
-    println!("{:?}", value.unwrap());
-}
-
-```
-
-### The serde way
-
-Alternatively, we can use a Rust type implementing `Deserialize` and representing our schema to
-read the data into:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::Reader;
-use avro_rs::from_value;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
-struct Test {
-    a: i64,
-    b: String,
-}
-
-let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
-
-// value is a Result in case the read operation fails
-for value in reader {
-    println!("{:?}", from_value::<Test>(&value.unwrap()));
-}
-```
-
-## Putting everything together
-
-The following is an example of how to combine everything showed so far and it is meant to be a
-quick reference of the library interface:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::{Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer, from_value, types::Record, Error};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
-struct Test {
-    a: i64,
-    b: String,
-}
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let raw_schema = r#"
-        {
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "test",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-                {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-            ]
-        }
-    "#;
-
-    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
-
-    println!("{:?}", schema);
-
-    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
-
-    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
-    record.put("a", 27i64);
-    record.put("b", "foo");
-
-    writer.append(record)?;
-
-    let test = Test {
-        a: 27,
-        b: "foo".to_owned(),
-    };
-
-    writer.append_ser(test)?;
-
-    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
-    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &input[..])?;
-
-    for record in reader {
-        println!("{:?}", from_value::<Test>(&record?));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-```
-
-`avro-rs` also supports the logical types listed in the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Logical+Types):
-
-1. `Decimal` using the [`num_bigint`](https://docs.rs/num-bigint/0.2.6/num_bigint) crate
-1. UUID using the [`uuid`](https://docs.rs/uuid/0.8.1/uuid) crate
-1. Date, Time (milli) as `i32` and Time (micro) as `i64`
-1. Timestamp (milli and micro) as `i64`
-1. Duration as a custom type with `months`, `days` and `millis` accessor methods each of which returns an `i32`
-
-Note that the on-disk representation is identical to the underlying primitive/complex type.
-
-#### Read and write logical types
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::{
-    types::Record, types::Value, Codec, Days, Decimal, Duration, Millis, Months, Reader, Schema,
-    Writer, Error,
-};
-use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let raw_schema = r#"
-    {
-      "type": "record",
-      "name": "test",
-      "fields": [
-        {
-          "name": "decimal_fixed",
-          "type": {
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "size": 2,
-            "name": "decimal"
-          },
-          "logicalType": "decimal",
-          "precision": 4,
-          "scale": 2
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "decimal_var",
-          "type": "bytes",
-          "logicalType": "decimal",
-          "precision": 10,
-          "scale": 3
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "uuid",
-          "type": "string",
-          "logicalType": "uuid"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "date",
-          "type": "int",
-          "logicalType": "date"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "time_millis",
-          "type": "int",
-          "logicalType": "time-millis"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "time_micros",
-          "type": "long",
-          "logicalType": "time-micros"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "timestamp_millis",
-          "type": "long",
-          "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "timestamp_micros",
-          "type": "long",
-          "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "duration",
-          "type": {
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "size": 12,
-            "name": "duration"
-          },
-          "logicalType": "duration"
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-    "#;
-
-    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
-
-    println!("{:?}", schema);
-
-    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
-
-    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
-    record.put("decimal_fixed", Decimal::from(9936.to_bigint().unwrap().to_signed_bytes_be()));
-    record.put("decimal_var", Decimal::from((-32442.to_bigint().unwrap()).to_signed_bytes_be()));
-    record.put("uuid", uuid::Uuid::new_v4());
-    record.put("date", Value::Date(1));
-    record.put("time_millis", Value::TimeMillis(2));
-    record.put("time_micros", Value::TimeMicros(3));
-    record.put("timestamp_millis", Value::TimestampMillis(4));
-    record.put("timestamp_micros", Value::TimestampMicros(5));
-    record.put("duration", Duration::new(Months::new(6), Days::new(7), Millis::new(8)));
-
-    writer.append(record)?;
-
-    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
-    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &input[..])?;
-
-    for record in reader {
-        println!("{:?}", record?);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-```
-
-### Calculate Avro schema fingerprint
-
-This library supports calculating the following fingerprints:
-
- - SHA-256
- - MD5
- - Rabin
-
-An example of fingerprinting for the supported fingerprints:
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::rabin::Rabin;
-use avro_rs::{Schema, Error};
-use md5::Md5;
-use sha2::Sha256;
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let raw_schema = r#"
-        {
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "test",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-                {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-            ]
-        }
-    "#;
-    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
-    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Sha256>());
-    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Md5>());
-    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>());
-    Ok(())
-}
-```
-
-### Ill-formed data
-
-In order to ease decoding, the Binary Encoding specification of Avro data
-requires some fields to have their length encoded alongside the data.
-
-If encoded data passed to a `Reader` has been ill-formed, it can happen that
-the bytes meant to contain the length of data are bogus and could result
-in extravagant memory allocation.
-
-To shield users from ill-formed data, `avro-rs` sets a limit (default: 512MB)
-to any allocation it will perform when decoding data.
-
-If you expect some of your data fields to be larger than this limit, be sure
-to make use of the `max_allocation_bytes` function before reading **any** data
-(we leverage Rust's [`std::sync::Once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Once.html)
-mechanism to initialize this value, if
-any call to decode is made before a call to `max_allocation_bytes`, the limit
-will be 512MB throughout the lifetime of the program).
-
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::max_allocation_bytes;
-
-max_allocation_bytes(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);  // 2GB
-
-// ... happily decode large data
-
-```
-
-### Check schemas compatibility
-
-This library supports checking for schemas compatibility.
-
-Note: It does not yet support named schemas (more on
-https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/pull/76).
-
-Examples of checking for compatibility:
-
-1. Compatible schemas
-
-Explanation: an int array schema can be read by a long array schema- an int
-(32bit signed integer) fits into a long (64bit signed integer)
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
-
-let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
-let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
-assert_eq!(true, SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema));
-```
-
-2. Incompatible schemas (a long array schema cannot be read by an int array schema)
-
-Explanation: a long array schema cannot be read by an int array schema- a
-long (64bit signed integer) does not fit into an int (32bit signed integer)
-
-```rust
-use avro_rs::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
-
-let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
-let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
-assert_eq!(false, SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema));
-```
-
-## License
-This project is licensed under [MIT License](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE).
-Please note that this is not an official project maintained by [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/).
-
-## Contributing
-Everyone is encouraged to contribute! You can contribute by forking the GitHub repo and making a pull request or opening an issue.
-All contributions will be licensed under [MIT License](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE).
-
-Please consider adding documentation, tests and a line for your change under the Unreleased section in the [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md).
-If you introduce a backward-incompatible change, please consider adding instruction to migrate in the [Migration Guide](migration_guide.md)
-If you modify the crate documentation in `lib.rs`, run `make readme` to sync the README file.
+See [wasm-demo/README.md](./wasm-demo/README.md)
diff --git a/lang/rust/README.tpl b/lang/rust/README.tpl
index daab35cd968..9b3c370a056 100644
--- a/lang/rust/README.tpl
+++ b/lang/rust/README.tpl
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 # {{crate}}
 
-[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/avro-rs.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/avro-rs)
-[![Continuous Integration](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/workflows/Continuous%20Integration/badge.svg)](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/actions)
-[![Latest Documentation](https://docs.rs/avro-rs/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/avro-rs)
-[![MIT licensed](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/apache-avro.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro)
+[![Rust Continuous Integration](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml)
+[![Latest Documentation](https://docs.rs/apache-avro/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/apache-avro)
+[![Apache License 2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache%202-blue.svg](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt)
 
 {{readme}}
 
 ## License
-This project is licensed under [MIT License](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE).
-Please note that this is not an official project maintained by [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/).
+This project is licensed under [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
 
 ## Contributing
 Everyone is encouraged to contribute! You can contribute by forking the GitHub repo and making a pull request or opening an issue.
-All contributions will be licensed under [MIT License](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/LICENSE).
+All contributions will be licensed under [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
 
-Please consider adding documentation, tests and a line for your change under the Unreleased section in the [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md).
+Please consider adding documentation and tests!
 If you introduce a backward-incompatible change, please consider adding instruction to migrate in the [Migration Guide](migration_guide.md)
 If you modify the crate documentation in `lib.rs`, run `make readme` to sync the README file.
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/avro/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..500c5123d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[package]
+name = "apache-avro"
+description = "A library for working with Apache Avro in Rust"
+readme = "README.md"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+keywords.workspace = true
+categories.workspace = true
+documentation.workspace = true
+
+[features]
+bzip = ["dep:bzip2"]
+derive = ["dep:apache-avro-derive"]
+snappy = ["dep:crc32fast", "dep:snap"]
+xz = ["dep:xz2"]
+zstandard = ["dep:zstd"]
+
+[lib]
+# disable benchmarks to allow passing criterion arguments to `cargo bench`
+bench = false
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "serde"
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "serde_json"
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "single"
+
+[dependencies]
+apache-avro-derive = { default-features = false, version = "0.17.0", path = "../avro_derive", optional = true }
+bigdecimal = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.5", features = ["std", "serde"] }
+bzip2 = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.4", optional = true }
+crc32fast = { default-features = false, version = "1.4.2", optional = true }
+digest = { default-features = false, version = "0.10.7", features = ["core-api"] }
+libflate = { default-features = false, version = "2.1.0", features = ["std"] }
+log = { workspace = true }
+num-bigint = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.6", features = ["std", "serde"] }
+regex-lite = { default-features = false, version = "0.1.6", features = ["std", "string"] }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_bytes = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+snap = { default-features = false, version = "1.1.0", optional = true }
+strum = { default-features = false, version = "0.26.3" }
+strum_macros = { default-features = false, version = "0.26.4" }
+thiserror = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.63" }
+typed-builder = { default-features = false, version = "0.19.1" }
+uuid = { default-features = false, version = "1.10.0", features = ["serde", "std"] }
+xz2 = { default-features = false, version = "0.1.7", optional = true }
+zstd = { default-features = false, version = "0.13.2", optional = true }
+
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies]
+quad-rand = { default-features = false, version = "0.2.1" }
+
+[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
+rand = { default-features = false, version = "0.8.5", features = ["default"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+anyhow = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.86", features = ["std"] }
+apache-avro-test-helper = { default-features = false, version = "0.17.0", path = "../avro_test_helper" }
+criterion = { default-features = false, version = "0.5.1" }
+hex-literal = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.1" }
+md-5 = { default-features = false, version = "0.10.6" }
+pretty_assertions = { default-features = false, version = "1.4.0", features = ["std"] }
+serial_test = "3.1.1"
+sha2 = { default-features = false, version = "0.10.8" }
+paste = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.15" }
+rstest = { default-features = false, version = "0.21.0" }
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/README.md b/lang/rust/avro/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef73399ef04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+<!---
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  distributed with this work for additional information
+  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+# apache-avro
+
+[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/apache-avro.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/apache-avro)
+[![Rust Continuous Integration](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/apache/avro/actions/workflows/test-lang-rust-ci.yml)
+[![Latest Documentation](https://docs.rs/apache-avro/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/apache-avro)
+[![Apache License 2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache%202-blue.svg)](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt)
+
+<!-- cargo-rdme start -->
+
+A library for working with [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) in Rust.
+
+Please check our [documentation](https://docs.rs/apache-avro) for examples, tutorials and API reference.
+
+**[Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/)** is a data serialization system which provides rich
+data structures and a compact, fast, binary data format.
+
+All data in Avro is schematized, as in the following example:
+
+```json
+{
+    "type": "record",
+    "name": "test",
+    "fields": [
+        {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+        {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+There are basically two ways of handling Avro data in Rust:
+
+* **as Avro-specialized data types** based on an Avro schema;
+* **as generic Rust serde-compatible types** implementing/deriving `Serialize` and
+`Deserialize`;
+
+**apache-avro** provides a way to read and write both these data representations easily and
+efficiently.
+
+## Installing the library
+
+
+Add to your `Cargo.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+apache-avro = "x.y"
+```
+
+Or in case you want to leverage the **Snappy** codec:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies.apache-avro]
+version = "x.y"
+features = ["snappy"]
+```
+
+Or in case you want to leverage the **Zstandard** codec:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies.apache-avro]
+version = "x.y"
+features = ["zstandard"]
+```
+
+Or in case you want to leverage the **Bzip2** codec:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies.apache-avro]
+version = "x.y"
+features = ["bzip"]
+```
+
+Or in case you want to leverage the **Xz** codec:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies.apache-avro]
+version = "x.y"
+features = ["xz"]
+```
+
+## Upgrading to a newer minor version
+
+The library is still in beta, so there might be backward-incompatible changes between minor
+versions. If you have troubles upgrading, check the [version upgrade guide](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/lang/rust/migration_guide.md).
+
+## Defining a schema
+
+An Avro data cannot exist without an Avro schema. Schemas **must** be used while writing and
+**can** be used while reading and they carry the information regarding the type of data we are
+handling. Avro schemas are used for both schema validation and resolution of Avro data.
+
+Avro schemas are defined in **JSON** format and can just be parsed out of a raw string:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Schema;
+
+let raw_schema = r#"
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "test",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }
+"#;
+
+// if the schema is not valid, this function will return an error
+let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
+
+// schemas can be printed for debugging
+println!("{:?}", schema);
+```
+
+Additionally, a list of of definitions (which may depend on each other) can be given and all of
+them will be parsed into the corresponding schemas.
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Schema;
+
+let raw_schema_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+// This definition depends on the definition of A above
+let raw_schema_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+// if the schemas are not valid, this function will return an error
+let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&[raw_schema_1, raw_schema_2]).unwrap();
+
+// schemas can be printed for debugging
+println!("{:?}", schemas);
+```
+*N.B.* It is important to note that the composition of schema definitions requires schemas with names.
+For this reason, only schemas of type Record, Enum, and Fixed should be input into this function.
+
+The library provides also a programmatic interface to define schemas without encoding them in
+JSON (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the JSON interface. Please read the API
+reference in case you are interested.
+
+For more information about schemas and what kind of information you can encapsulate in them,
+please refer to the appropriate section of the
+[Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas).
+
+## Writing data
+
+Once we have defined a schema, we are ready to serialize data in Avro, validating them against
+the provided schema in the process. As mentioned before, there are two ways of handling Avro
+data in Rust.
+
+**NOTE:** The library also provides a low-level interface for encoding a single datum in Avro
+bytecode without generating markers and headers (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the
+`Writer` interface to be totally Avro-compatible. Please read the API reference in case you are
+interested.
+
+### The avro way
+
+Given that the schema we defined above is that of an Avro *Record*, we are going to use the
+associated type provided by the library to specify the data we want to serialize:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::types::Record;
+use apache_avro::Writer;
+// a writer needs a schema and something to write to
+let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+// the Record type models our Record schema
+let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+record.put("a", 27i64);
+record.put("b", "foo");
+
+// schema validation happens here
+writer.append(record).unwrap();
+
+// this is how to get back the resulting avro bytecode
+// this performs a flush operation to make sure data has been written, so it can fail
+// you can also call `writer.flush()` yourself without consuming the writer
+let encoded = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
+```
+
+The vast majority of the times, schemas tend to define a record as a top-level container
+encapsulating all the values to convert as fields and providing documentation for them, but in
+case we want to directly define an Avro value, the library offers that capability via the
+`Value` interface.
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::types::Value;
+
+let mut value = Value::String("foo".to_string());
+```
+
+### The serde way
+
+Given that the schema we defined above is an Avro *Record*, we can directly use a Rust struct
+deriving `Serialize` to model our data:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Writer;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+struct Test {
+    a: i64,
+    b: String,
+}
+
+// a writer needs a schema and something to write to
+let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+// the structure models our Record schema
+let test = Test {
+    a: 27,
+    b: "foo".to_owned(),
+};
+
+// schema validation happens here
+writer.append_ser(test).unwrap();
+
+// this is how to get back the resulting avro bytecode
+// this performs a flush operation to make sure data is written, so it can fail
+// you can also call `writer.flush()` yourself without consuming the writer
+let encoded = writer.into_inner();
+```
+
+The vast majority of the times, schemas tend to define a record as a top-level container
+encapsulating all the values to convert as fields and providing documentation for them, but in
+case we want to directly define an Avro value, any type implementing `Serialize` should work.
+
+```rust
+let mut value = "foo".to_string();
+```
+
+### Using codecs to compress data
+
+Avro supports three different compression codecs when encoding data:
+
+* **Null**: leaves data uncompressed;
+* **Deflate**: writes the data block using the deflate algorithm as specified in RFC 1951, and
+typically implemented using the zlib library. Note that this format (unlike the "zlib format" in
+RFC 1950) does not have a checksum.
+* **Snappy**: uses Google's [Snappy](http://google.github.io/snappy/) compression library. Each
+compressed block is followed by the 4-byte, big-endianCRC32 checksum of the uncompressed data in
+the block. You must enable the `snappy` feature to use this codec.
+* **Zstandard**: uses Facebook's [Zstandard](https://facebook.github.io/zstd/) compression library.
+You must enable the `zstandard` feature to use this codec.
+* **Bzip2**: uses [BZip2](https://sourceware.org/bzip2/) compression library.
+You must enable the `bzip` feature to use this codec.
+* **Xz**: uses [xz2](https://github.com/alexcrichton/xz2-rs) compression library.
+  You must enable the `xz` feature to use this codec.
+
+To specify a codec to use to compress data, just specify it while creating a `Writer`:
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Writer;
+use apache_avro::Codec;
+let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
+```
+
+## Reading data
+
+As far as reading Avro encoded data goes, we can just use the schema encoded with the data to
+read them. The library will do it automatically for us, as it already does for the compression
+codec:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Reader;
+// reader creation can fail in case the input to read from is not Avro-compatible or malformed
+let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
+```
+
+In case, instead, we want to specify a different (but compatible) reader schema from the schema
+the data has been written with, we can just do as the following:
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Schema;
+use apache_avro::Reader;
+
+let reader_raw_schema = r#"
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "test",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {"name": "c", "type": "long", "default": 43}
+        ]
+    }
+"#;
+
+let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema).unwrap();
+
+// reader creation can fail in case the input to read from is not Avro-compatible or malformed
+let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..]).unwrap();
+```
+
+The library will also automatically perform schema resolution while reading the data.
+
+For more information about schema compatibility and resolution, please refer to the
+[Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas).
+
+As usual, there are two ways to handle Avro data in Rust, as you can see below.
+
+**NOTE:** The library also provides a low-level interface for decoding a single datum in Avro
+bytecode without markers and header (for advanced use), but we highly recommend the `Reader`
+interface to leverage all Avro features. Please read the API reference in case you are
+interested.
+
+
+### The avro way
+
+We can just read directly instances of `Value` out of the `Reader` iterator:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Reader;
+let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
+
+// value is a Result  of an Avro Value in case the read operation fails
+for value in reader {
+    println!("{:?}", value.unwrap());
+}
+
+```
+
+### The serde way
+
+Alternatively, we can use a Rust type implementing `Deserialize` and representing our schema to
+read the data into:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Reader;
+use apache_avro::from_value;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct Test {
+    a: i64,
+    b: String,
+}
+
+let reader = Reader::new(&input[..]).unwrap();
+
+// value is a Result in case the read operation fails
+for value in reader {
+    println!("{:?}", from_value::<Test>(&value.unwrap()));
+}
+```
+
+## Putting everything together
+
+The following is an example of how to combine everything showed so far and it is meant to be a
+quick reference of the library interface:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::{Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer, from_value, types::Record, Error};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+struct Test {
+    a: i64,
+    b: String,
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "test",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+                {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+            ]
+        }
+    "#;
+
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+
+    println!("{:?}", schema);
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
+
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+    record.put("a", 27i64);
+    record.put("b", "foo");
+
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let test = Test {
+        a: 27,
+        b: "foo".to_owned(),
+    };
+
+    writer.append_ser(test)?;
+
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &input[..])?;
+
+    for record in reader {
+        println!("{:?}", from_value::<Test>(&record?));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+`apache-avro` also supports the logical types listed in the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Logical+Types):
+
+1. `Decimal` using the [`num_bigint`](https://docs.rs/num-bigint/latest/num_bigint) crate
+1. UUID using the [`uuid`](https://docs.rs/uuid/latest/uuid) crate
+1. Date, Time (milli) as `i32` and Time (micro) as `i64`
+1. Timestamp (milli and micro) as `i64`
+1. Local timestamp (milli and micro) as `i64`
+1. Duration as a custom type with `months`, `days` and `millis` accessor methods each of which returns an `i32`
+
+Note that the on-disk representation is identical to the underlying primitive/complex type.
+
+#### Read and write logical types
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::{
+    types::Record, types::Value, Codec, Days, Decimal, Duration, Millis, Months, Reader, Schema,
+    Writer, Error,
+};
+use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let raw_schema = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "test",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "decimal_fixed",
+          "type": {
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "size": 2,
+            "name": "decimal"
+          },
+          "logicalType": "decimal",
+          "precision": 4,
+          "scale": 2
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "decimal_var",
+          "type": "bytes",
+          "logicalType": "decimal",
+          "precision": 10,
+          "scale": 3
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "uuid",
+          "type": "string",
+          "logicalType": "uuid"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "date",
+          "type": "int",
+          "logicalType": "date"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "time_millis",
+          "type": "int",
+          "logicalType": "time-millis"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "time_micros",
+          "type": "long",
+          "logicalType": "time-micros"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "timestamp_millis",
+          "type": "long",
+          "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "timestamp_micros",
+          "type": "long",
+          "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "local_timestamp_millis",
+          "type": "long",
+          "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "local_timestamp_micros",
+          "type": "long",
+          "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "duration",
+          "type": {
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "size": 12,
+            "name": "duration"
+          },
+          "logicalType": "duration"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+
+    println!("{:?}", schema);
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate);
+
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+    record.put("decimal_fixed", Decimal::from(9936.to_bigint().unwrap().to_signed_bytes_be()));
+    record.put("decimal_var", Decimal::from((-32442.to_bigint().unwrap()).to_signed_bytes_be()));
+    record.put("uuid", uuid::Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000").unwrap());
+    record.put("date", Value::Date(1));
+    record.put("time_millis", Value::TimeMillis(2));
+    record.put("time_micros", Value::TimeMicros(3));
+    record.put("timestamp_millis", Value::TimestampMillis(4));
+    record.put("timestamp_micros", Value::TimestampMicros(5));
+    record.put("timestamp_nanos", Value::TimestampNanos(6));
+    record.put("local_timestamp_millis", Value::LocalTimestampMillis(4));
+    record.put("local_timestamp_micros", Value::LocalTimestampMicros(5));
+    record.put("local_timestamp_nanos", Value::LocalTimestampMicros(6));
+    record.put("duration", Duration::new(Months::new(6), Days::new(7), Millis::new(8)));
+
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &input[..])?;
+
+    for record in reader {
+        println!("{:?}", record?);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+### Calculate Avro schema fingerprint
+
+This library supports calculating the following fingerprints:
+
+ - SHA-256
+ - MD5
+ - Rabin
+
+An example of fingerprinting for the supported fingerprints:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::rabin::Rabin;
+use apache_avro::{Schema, Error};
+use md5::Md5;
+use sha2::Sha256;
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "test",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+                {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+            ]
+        }
+    "#;
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Sha256>());
+    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Md5>());
+    println!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>());
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+### Ill-formed data
+
+In order to ease decoding, the Binary Encoding specification of Avro data
+requires some fields to have their length encoded alongside the data.
+
+If encoded data passed to a `Reader` has been ill-formed, it can happen that
+the bytes meant to contain the length of data are bogus and could result
+in extravagant memory allocation.
+
+To shield users from ill-formed data, `apache-avro` sets a limit (default: 512MB)
+to any allocation it will perform when decoding data.
+
+If you expect some of your data fields to be larger than this limit, be sure
+to make use of the `max_allocation_bytes` function before reading **any** data
+(we leverage Rust's [`std::sync::Once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Once.html)
+mechanism to initialize this value, if
+any call to decode is made before a call to `max_allocation_bytes`, the limit
+will be 512MB throughout the lifetime of the program).
+
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::max_allocation_bytes;
+
+max_allocation_bytes(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);  // 2GB
+
+// ... happily decode large data
+
+```
+
+### Check schemas compatibility
+
+This library supports checking for schemas compatibility.
+
+Examples of checking for compatibility:
+
+1. Compatible schemas
+
+Explanation: an int array schema can be read by a long array schema- an int
+(32bit signed integer) fits into a long (64bit signed integer)
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
+
+let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
+let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
+assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema).is_ok());
+```
+
+2. Incompatible schemas (a long array schema cannot be read by an int array schema)
+
+Explanation: a long array schema cannot be read by an int array schema- a
+long (64bit signed integer) does not fit into an int (32bit signed integer)
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
+
+let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
+let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
+assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema).is_err());
+```
+### Custom names validators
+
+By default the library follows the rules by the
+[Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#names)!
+
+Some of the other Apache Avro language SDKs are not that strict and allow more
+characters in names. For interoperability with those SDKs, the library provides
+a way to customize the names validation.
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::AvroResult;
+use apache_avro::schema::Namespace;
+use apache_avro::validator::{SchemaNameValidator, set_schema_name_validator};
+
+struct MyCustomValidator;
+
+impl SchemaNameValidator for MyCustomValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+// don't parse any schema before registering the custom validator(s) !
+
+set_schema_name_validator(Box::new(MyCustomValidator));
+
+// ... use the library
+```
+
+Similar logic could be applied to the schema namespace, enum symbols and field names validation.
+
+**Note**: the library allows to set a validator only once per the application lifetime!
+If the application parses schemas before setting a validator, the default validator will be
+registered and used!
+
+### Custom schema equality comparators
+
+The library provides two implementations of schema equality comparators:
+1. `SpecificationEq` - a comparator that serializes the schemas to their
+canonical forms (i.e. JSON) and compares them as strings. It is the only implementation
+until apache_avro 0.16.0.
+See the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas)
+for more information!
+2. `StructFieldEq` - a comparator that compares the schemas structurally.
+It is faster than the `SpecificationEq` because it returns `false` as soon as a difference
+is found and is recommended for use!
+It is the default comparator since apache_avro 0.17.0.
+
+To use a custom comparator, you need to implement the `SchemataEq` trait and set it using the
+`set_schemata_equality_comparator` function:
+
+```rust
+use apache_avro::{AvroResult, Schema};
+use apache_avro::schema::Namespace;
+use apache_avro::schema_equality::{SchemataEq, set_schemata_equality_comparator};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct MyCustomSchemataEq;
+
+impl SchemataEq for MyCustomSchemataEq {
+    fn compare(&self, schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+// don't parse any schema before registering the custom comparator !
+
+set_schemata_equality_comparator(Box::new(MyCustomSchemataEq));
+
+// ... use the library
+```
+**Note**: the library allows to set a comparator only once per the application lifetime!
+If the application parses schemas before setting a comparator, the default comparator will be
+registered and used!
+
+<!-- cargo-rdme end -->
+
+## Minimal supported Rust version
+
+1.73.0
+
+## License
+This project is licensed under [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+## Contributing
+Everyone is encouraged to contribute! You can contribute by forking the GitHub repo and making a pull request or opening an issue.
+All contributions will be licensed under [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+Please consider adding documentation and tests!
+If you introduce a backward-incompatible change, please consider adding instruction to migrate in the [Migration Guide](migration_guide.md)
+If you modify the crate documentation in `lib.rs`, run `make readme` to sync the README file.
diff --git a/lang/rust/benches/quickstop-null.avro b/lang/rust/avro/benches/quickstop-null.avro
similarity index 100%
rename from lang/rust/benches/quickstop-null.avro
rename to lang/rust/avro/benches/quickstop-null.avro
diff --git a/lang/rust/benches/serde.rs b/lang/rust/avro/benches/serde.rs
similarity index 75%
rename from lang/rust/benches/serde.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/benches/serde.rs
index 2d74deae492..141f7603b14 100644
--- a/lang/rust/benches/serde.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/benches/serde.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use avro_rs::{
+use apache_avro::{
     schema::Schema,
     types::{Record, Value},
-    Reader, Writer,
+    AvroResult, Reader, Writer,
 };
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -138,19 +138,19 @@ const RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA: &str = r#"
 }
 "#;
 
-fn make_small_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
-    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_SMALL_SCHEMA).unwrap();
+fn make_small_record() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)> {
+    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_SMALL_SCHEMA)?;
     let small_record = {
         let mut small_record = Record::new(&small_schema).unwrap();
         small_record.put("field", "foo");
         small_record.into()
     };
-    (small_schema, small_record)
+    Ok((small_schema, small_record))
 }
 
-fn make_big_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
-    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_BIG_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-    let address_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA).unwrap();
+fn make_big_record() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)> {
+    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_BIG_SCHEMA)?;
+    let address_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA)?;
     let mut address = Record::new(&address_schema).unwrap();
     address.put("street", "street");
     address.put("city", "city");
@@ -168,133 +168,130 @@ fn make_big_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
         big_record.into()
     };
 
-    (big_schema, big_record)
+    Ok((big_schema, big_record))
 }
 
 fn make_records(record: Value, count: usize) -> Vec<Value> {
     std::iter::repeat(record).take(count).collect()
 }
 
-fn write(schema: &Schema, records: &[Value]) -> Vec<u8> {
+fn write(schema: &Schema, records: &[Value]) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
     let mut writer = Writer::new(schema, Vec::new());
     writer.extend_from_slice(records).unwrap();
-    writer.into_inner().unwrap()
+    writer.into_inner()
 }
 
-fn read(schema: &Schema, bytes: &[u8]) {
-    let reader = Reader::with_schema(schema, bytes).unwrap();
+fn read(schema: &Schema, bytes: &[u8]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(schema, bytes)?;
 
     for record in reader {
-        let _ = record.unwrap();
+        let _ = record?;
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn read_schemaless(bytes: &[u8]) {
-    let reader = Reader::new(bytes).unwrap();
+fn read_schemaless(bytes: &[u8]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let reader = Reader::new(bytes)?;
 
     for record in reader {
-        let _ = record.unwrap();
+        let _ = record?;
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn bench_write(
     c: &mut Criterion,
-    make_record: impl Fn() -> (Schema, Value),
+    make_record: impl Fn() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)>,
     n_records: usize,
     name: &str,
-) {
-    let (schema, record) = make_record();
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let (schema, record) = make_record()?;
     let records = make_records(record, n_records);
     c.bench_function(name, |b| b.iter(|| write(&schema, &records)));
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn bench_read(
     c: &mut Criterion,
-    make_record: impl Fn() -> (Schema, Value),
+    make_record: impl Fn() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)>,
     n_records: usize,
     name: &str,
-) {
-    let (schema, record) = make_record();
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let (schema, record) = make_record()?;
     let records = make_records(record, n_records);
-    let bytes = write(&schema, &records);
+    let bytes = write(&schema, &records).unwrap();
     c.bench_function(name, |b| b.iter(|| read(&schema, &bytes)));
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn bench_from_file(c: &mut Criterion, file_path: &str, name: &str) {
-    let bytes = std::fs::read(file_path).unwrap();
+fn bench_from_file(c: &mut Criterion, file_path: &str, name: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let bytes = std::fs::read(file_path)?;
     c.bench_function(name, |b| b.iter(|| read_schemaless(&bytes)));
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_write_1_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_write(c, &make_small_record, 1, "small schema, write 1 record");
+    bench_write(c, make_small_record, 1, "small schema, write 1 record").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_write_100_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_write(
-        c,
-        &make_small_record,
-        100,
-        "small schema, write 100 records",
-    );
+    bench_write(c, make_small_record, 100, "small schema, write 100 records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_write_10_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
     bench_write(
         c,
-        &make_small_record,
+        make_small_record,
         10_000,
         "small schema, write 10k records",
-    );
+    )
+    .unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_read_1_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(c, &make_small_record, 1, "small schema, read 1 record");
+    bench_read(c, make_small_record, 1, "small schema, read 1 record").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_read_100_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(c, &make_small_record, 100, "small schema, read 100 records");
+    bench_read(c, make_small_record, 100, "small schema, read 100 records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_read_10_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
     bench_read(
         c,
-        &make_small_record,
+        make_small_record,
         10_000,
         "small schema, read 10k records",
-    );
+    )
+    .unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_write_1_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_write(c, &make_big_record, 1, "big schema, write 1 record");
+    bench_write(c, make_big_record, 1, "big schema, write 1 record").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_write_100_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_write(c, &make_big_record, 100, "big schema, write 100 records");
+    bench_write(c, make_big_record, 100, "big schema, write 100 records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_write_10_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_write(c, &make_big_record, 10_000, "big schema, write 10k records");
+    bench_write(c, make_big_record, 10_000, "big schema, write 10k records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_read_1_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(c, &make_big_record, 1, "big schema, read 1 record");
+    bench_read(c, make_big_record, 1, "big schema, read 1 record").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_read_100_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(c, &make_big_record, 100, "big schema, read 100 records");
+    bench_read(c, make_big_record, 100, "big schema, read 100 records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_read_10_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(c, &make_big_record, 10_000, "big schema, read 10k records");
+    bench_read(c, make_big_record, 10_000, "big schema, read 10k records").unwrap();
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_read_100_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_read(
-        c,
-        &make_big_record,
-        100_000,
-        "big schema, read 100k records",
-    );
+    bench_read(c, make_big_record, 100_000, "big schema, read 100k records").unwrap();
 }
 
 // This benchmark reads from the `benches/quickstop-null.avro` file, which was pulled from
@@ -302,7 +299,7 @@ fn bench_big_schema_read_100_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
 // https://github.com/linkedin/goavro/blob/master/fixtures/quickstop-null.avro
 // This was done for the sake of comparing this crate against the `goavro` implementation.
 fn bench_file_quickstop_null(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    bench_from_file(c, "benches/quickstop-null.avro", "quickstop null file");
+    bench_from_file(c, "benches/quickstop-null.avro", "quickstop null file").unwrap();
 }
 
 criterion_group!(
diff --git a/lang/rust/benches/serde_json.rs b/lang/rust/avro/benches/serde_json.rs
similarity index 96%
rename from lang/rust/benches/serde_json.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/benches/serde_json.rs
index 4cdbd8ccc92..780de2b2a08 100644
--- a/lang/rust/benches/serde_json.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/benches/serde_json.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
 use serde_json::Value;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, iter::FromIterator};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 fn make_big_json_record() -> Value {
     let address = HashMap::<_, _>::from_iter(vec![
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ fn bench_read_json(
 fn bench_big_schema_json_read_10_000_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
     bench_read_json(
         c,
-        &make_big_json_record,
+        make_big_json_record,
         10_000,
         "big schema, read 10k JSON records",
     );
diff --git a/lang/rust/benches/single.rs b/lang/rust/avro/benches/single.rs
similarity index 89%
rename from lang/rust/benches/single.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/benches/single.rs
index 314f20bf043..39d6c9c8641 100644
--- a/lang/rust/benches/single.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/benches/single.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use avro_rs::{
+use apache_avro::{
     schema::Schema,
     to_avro_datum,
     types::{Record, Value},
@@ -137,20 +137,20 @@ const RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA: &str = r#"
 }
 "#;
 
-fn make_small_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
-    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_SMALL_SCHEMA).unwrap();
+fn make_small_record() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)> {
+    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_SMALL_SCHEMA)?;
     let small_record = {
         let mut small_record = Record::new(&small_schema).unwrap();
         small_record.put("field", "foo");
         small_record.into()
     };
 
-    (small_schema, small_record)
+    Ok((small_schema, small_record))
 }
 
-fn make_big_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
-    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_BIG_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-    let address_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA).unwrap();
+fn make_big_record() -> anyhow::Result<(Schema, Value)> {
+    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_BIG_SCHEMA)?;
+    let address_schema = Schema::parse_str(RAW_ADDRESS_SCHEMA)?;
     let mut address = Record::new(&address_schema).unwrap();
     address.put("street", "street");
     address.put("city", "city");
@@ -168,18 +168,18 @@ fn make_big_record() -> (Schema, Value) {
         big_record.into()
     };
 
-    (big_schema, big_record)
+    Ok((big_schema, big_record))
 }
 
 fn bench_small_schema_write_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let (schema, record) = make_small_record();
+    let (schema, record) = make_small_record().unwrap();
     c.bench_function("small record", |b| {
         b.iter(|| to_avro_datum(&schema, record.clone()))
     });
 }
 
 fn bench_big_schema_write_record(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let (schema, record) = make_big_record();
+    let (schema, record) = make_big_record().unwrap();
     c.bench_function("big record", |b| {
         b.iter(|| to_avro_datum(&schema, record.clone()))
     });
diff --git a/lang/rust/examples/benchmark.rs b/lang/rust/avro/examples/benchmark.rs
similarity index 73%
rename from lang/rust/examples/benchmark.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/examples/benchmark.rs
index 9ec23daaca3..53dfb1ddbda 100644
--- a/lang/rust/examples/benchmark.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/examples/benchmark.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use avro_rs::{
+use apache_avro::{
     schema::Schema,
     types::{Record, Value},
     Reader, Writer,
 };
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+use std::{
+    io::{BufReader, BufWriter},
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
 
 fn nanos(duration: Duration) -> u64 {
     duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + duration.subsec_nanos() as u64
@@ -36,7 +40,13 @@ fn duration(nanos: u64) -> Duration {
 }
 */
 
-fn benchmark(schema: &Schema, record: &Value, s: &str, count: usize, runs: usize) {
+fn benchmark(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    record: &Value,
+    big_or_small: &str,
+    count: usize,
+    runs: usize,
+) -> TestResult {
     let mut records = Vec::new();
     for __ in 0..count {
         records.push(record.clone());
@@ -49,13 +59,13 @@ fn benchmark(schema: &Schema, record: &Value, s: &str, count: usize, runs: usize
         let records = records.clone();
 
         let start = Instant::now();
-        let mut writer = Writer::new(schema, Vec::new());
-        writer.extend(records.into_iter()).unwrap();
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(schema, BufWriter::new(Vec::new()));
+        writer.extend(records)?;
 
         let duration = Instant::now().duration_since(start);
         durations.push(duration);
 
-        bytes = Some(writer.into_inner().unwrap());
+        bytes = Some(writer.into_inner()?.into_inner()?);
     }
 
     let total_duration_write = durations.into_iter().fold(0u64, |a, b| a + nanos(b));
@@ -68,7 +78,7 @@ fn benchmark(schema: &Schema, record: &Value, s: &str, count: usize, runs: usize
 
     for _ in 0..runs {
         let start = Instant::now();
-        let reader = Reader::with_schema(schema, &bytes[..]).unwrap();
+        let reader = Reader::with_schema(schema, BufReader::new(&bytes[..]))?;
 
         let mut read_records = Vec::with_capacity(count);
         for record in reader {
@@ -84,12 +94,14 @@ fn benchmark(schema: &Schema, record: &Value, s: &str, count: usize, runs: usize
     let total_duration_read = durations.into_iter().fold(0u64, |a, b| a + nanos(b));
 
     // println!("Read: {} {} {:?}", count, runs, seconds(total_duration));
-    let (s_w, s_r) = (seconds(total_duration_write), seconds(total_duration_read));
+    let (total_write_secs, total_read_secs) =
+        (seconds(total_duration_write), seconds(total_duration_read));
 
-    println!("{},{},{},{},{}", count, runs, s, s_w, s_r);
+    println!("{count}\t\t{runs}\t\t{big_or_small}\t\t{total_write_secs}\t\t{total_read_secs}");
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn main() {
+fn main() -> TestResult {
     let raw_small_schema = r#"
         {"namespace": "test", "type": "record", "name": "Test", "fields": [{"type": {"type": "string"}, "name": "field"}]}
     "#;
@@ -98,11 +110,11 @@ fn main() {
         {"namespace": "my.example", "type": "record", "name": "userInfo", "fields": [{"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "username"}, {"default": -1, "type": "int", "name": "age"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "phone"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "housenum"}, {"default": {}, "type": {"fields": [{"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "street"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "city"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "state_prov"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "country"}, {"default": "NONE", "type": "string", "name": "zip"}], "type": "record", "name": "mailing_address"}, "name": "address"}]}
     "#;
 
-    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_small_schema).unwrap();
-    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_big_schema).unwrap();
+    let small_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_small_schema)?;
+    let big_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_big_schema)?;
 
-    println!("{:?}", small_schema);
-    println!("{:?}", big_schema);
+    println!("{small_schema:?}");
+    println!("{big_schema:?}");
 
     let mut small_record = Record::new(&small_schema).unwrap();
     small_record.put("field", "foo");
@@ -125,14 +137,19 @@ fn main() {
     big_record.put("address", address);
     let big_record = big_record.into();
 
-    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "S", 10_000, 1);
-    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "B", 10_000, 1);
+    println!();
+    println!("Count\t\tRuns\t\tBig/Small\tTotal write secs\tTotal read secs");
+
+    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "Small", 10_000, 1)?;
+    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "Big", 10_000, 1)?;
+
+    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "Small", 1, 100_000)?;
+    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "Small", 100, 1000)?;
+    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "Small", 10_000, 10)?;
 
-    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "S", 1, 100_000);
-    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "S", 100, 1000);
-    benchmark(&small_schema, &small_record, "S", 10_000, 10);
+    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "Big", 1, 100_000)?;
+    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "Big", 100, 1000)?;
+    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "Big", 10_000, 10)?;
 
-    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "B", 1, 100_000);
-    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "B", 100, 1000);
-    benchmark(&big_schema, &big_record, "B", 10_000, 10);
+    Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/examples/generate_interop_data.rs b/lang/rust/avro/examples/generate_interop_data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29d50a144de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/examples/generate_interop_data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    schema::Schema,
+    types::{Record, Value},
+    Codec, Writer,
+};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    error::Error,
+    io::{BufWriter, Write},
+};
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+fn create_datum(schema: &Schema) -> Record {
+    let mut datum = Record::new(schema).unwrap();
+    datum.put("intField", 12_i32);
+    datum.put("longField", 15234324_i64);
+    datum.put("stringField", "hey");
+    datum.put("boolField", true);
+    datum.put("floatField", 1234.0_f32);
+    datum.put("doubleField", -1234.0_f64);
+    datum.put("bytesField", b"12312adf".to_vec());
+    datum.put("nullField", Value::Null);
+    datum.put(
+        "arrayField",
+        Value::Array(vec![
+            Value::Double(5.0),
+            Value::Double(0.0),
+            Value::Double(12.0),
+        ]),
+    );
+    let mut map = HashMap::new();
+    map.insert(
+        "a".into(),
+        Value::Record(vec![("label".into(), Value::String("a".into()))]),
+    );
+    map.insert(
+        "bee".into(),
+        Value::Record(vec![("label".into(), Value::String("cee".into()))]),
+    );
+    datum.put("mapField", Value::Map(map));
+    datum.put("unionField", Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Double(12.0))));
+    datum.put("enumField", Value::Enum(2, "C".to_owned()));
+    datum.put("fixedField", Value::Fixed(16, b"1019181716151413".to_vec()));
+    datum.put(
+        "recordField",
+        Value::Record(vec![
+            ("label".into(), Value::String("outer".into())),
+            (
+                "children".into(),
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Record(vec![
+                    ("label".into(), Value::String("inner".into())),
+                    ("children".into(), Value::Array(vec![])),
+                ])]),
+            ),
+        ]),
+    );
+
+    datum
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let schema_str = std::fs::read_to_string("../../share/test/schemas/interop.avsc")
+        .expect("Unable to read the interop Avro schema");
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str.as_str())?;
+    let data_folder = "../../build/interop/data";
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(data_folder)?;
+
+    for codec in Codec::iter() {
+        let codec_name = <&str>::from(codec);
+        let suffix = if codec_name == "null" {
+            "".to_owned()
+        } else {
+            format!("_{codec_name}")
+        };
+
+        let file_name = format!("{data_folder}/rust{suffix}.avro");
+        let output_file = std::fs::File::create(&file_name)?;
+
+        let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, BufWriter::new(output_file), codec);
+        write_user_metadata(&mut writer)?;
+
+        let datum = create_datum(&schema);
+        writer.append(datum)?;
+        writer.flush()?;
+        println!("Wrote {file_name}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn write_user_metadata<W: Write>(writer: &mut Writer<BufWriter<W>>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    writer.add_user_metadata("user_metadata".to_string(), b"someByteArray")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_data.rs b/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39c97d0649e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::Reader;
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    error::Error,
+    ffi::OsStr,
+    io::{BufReader, Read},
+};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let mut expected_user_metadata: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>> = HashMap::new();
+    expected_user_metadata.insert("user_metadata".to_string(), b"someByteArray".to_vec());
+
+    let data_dir = std::fs::read_dir("../../build/interop/data/")
+        .expect("Unable to list the interop data directory");
+
+    let mut errors = Vec::new();
+
+    for entry in data_dir {
+        let path = entry
+            .expect("Unable to read the interop data directory's files")
+            .path();
+
+        if path.is_file() {
+            let ext = path.extension().and_then(OsStr::to_str).unwrap();
+
+            if ext == "avro" {
+                println!("Checking {:?}", &path);
+                let content = std::fs::File::open(&path)?;
+                let reader = Reader::new(BufReader::new(&content))?;
+
+                test_user_metadata(&reader, &expected_user_metadata);
+
+                for value in reader {
+                    if let Err(e) = value {
+                        errors.push(format!(
+                            "There is a problem with reading of '{:?}', \n {:?}\n",
+                            &path, e
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if errors.is_empty() {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        panic!(
+            "There were errors reading some .avro files:\n{}",
+            errors.join(", ")
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_user_metadata<R: Read>(
+    reader: &Reader<BufReader<R>>,
+    expected_user_metadata: &HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>,
+) {
+    let user_metadata = reader.user_metadata();
+    if !user_metadata.is_empty() {
+        assert_eq!(user_metadata, expected_user_metadata);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_single_object_encoding.rs b/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_single_object_encoding.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef13465d772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/examples/test_interop_single_object_encoding.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{schema::AvroSchema, types::Value};
+
+const RESOURCES_FOLDER: &str = "../../share/test/data/messageV1";
+
+struct InteropMessage;
+
+impl AvroSchema for InteropMessage {
+    fn get_schema() -> apache_avro::Schema {
+        let schema = std::fs::read_to_string(format!("{RESOURCES_FOLDER}/test_schema.avsc"))
+            .expect("File should exist with schema inside");
+        apache_avro::Schema::parse_str(schema.as_str())
+            .expect("File should exist with schema inside")
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<InteropMessage> for Value {
+    fn from(_: InteropMessage) -> Value {
+        Value::Record(vec![
+            ("id".into(), 42i64.into()),
+            ("name".into(), "Bill".into()),
+            (
+                "tags".into(),
+                Value::Array(
+                    vec!["dog_lover", "cat_hater"]
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|s| s.into())
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
+            ),
+        ])
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let single_object = std::fs::read(format!("{RESOURCES_FOLDER}/test_message.bin"))
+        .expect("File with single object not found or error occurred while reading it.");
+    test_write(&single_object);
+    test_read(single_object);
+}
+
+fn test_write(expected: &[u8]) {
+    let mut encoded: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    apache_avro::SpecificSingleObjectWriter::<InteropMessage>::with_capacity(1024)
+        .expect("Resolving failed")
+        .write_value(InteropMessage, &mut encoded)
+        .expect("Encoding failed");
+    assert_eq!(expected, &encoded)
+}
+
+fn test_read(encoded: Vec<u8>) {
+    let mut encoded = &encoded[..];
+    let read_message = apache_avro::GenericSingleObjectReader::new(InteropMessage::get_schema())
+        .expect("Resolving failed")
+        .read_value(&mut encoded)
+        .expect("Decoding failed");
+    let expected_value: Value = InteropMessage.into();
+    assert_eq!(expected_value, read_message)
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/examples/to_value.rs b/lang/rust/avro/examples/to_value.rs
similarity index 93%
rename from lang/rust/examples/to_value.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/examples/to_value.rs
index 622554bd054..4a78383e224 100644
--- a/lang/rust/examples/to_value.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/examples/to_value.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct Test {
 
 fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let test = Test { a: 27, b: "foo" };
-    let value = avro_rs::to_value(test)?;
-    println!("{:?}", value);
+    let value = apache_avro::to_value(test)?;
+    println!("{value:?}");
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/bigdecimal.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/bigdecimal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4e503b1377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/bigdecimal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::{
+    decode::{decode_len, decode_long},
+    encode::{encode_bytes, encode_long},
+    types::Value,
+    Error,
+};
+pub use bigdecimal::BigDecimal;
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+use std::io::Read;
+
+pub(crate) fn serialize_big_decimal(decimal: &BigDecimal) -> Vec<u8> {
+    // encode big decimal, without global size
+    let mut buffer: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    let (big_int, exponent): (BigInt, i64) = decimal.as_bigint_and_exponent();
+    let big_endian_value: Vec<u8> = big_int.to_signed_bytes_be();
+    encode_bytes(&big_endian_value, &mut buffer);
+    encode_long(exponent, &mut buffer);
+
+    // encode global size and content
+    let mut final_buffer: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    encode_bytes(&buffer, &mut final_buffer);
+    final_buffer
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn deserialize_big_decimal(bytes: &Vec<u8>) -> Result<BigDecimal, Error> {
+    let mut bytes: &[u8] = bytes.as_slice();
+    let mut big_decimal_buffer = match decode_len(&mut bytes) {
+        Ok(size) => vec![0u8; size],
+        Err(err) => return Err(Error::BigDecimalLen(Box::new(err))),
+    };
+
+    bytes
+        .read_exact(&mut big_decimal_buffer[..])
+        .map_err(Error::ReadDouble)?;
+
+    match decode_long(&mut bytes) {
+        Ok(Value::Long(scale_value)) => {
+            let big_int: BigInt = BigInt::from_signed_bytes_be(&big_decimal_buffer);
+            let decimal = BigDecimal::new(big_int, scale_value);
+            Ok(decimal)
+        }
+        _ => Err(Error::BigDecimalScale),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{types::Record, Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer};
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use bigdecimal::{One, Zero};
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use std::{
+        fs::File,
+        io::BufReader,
+        ops::{Div, Mul},
+        str::FromStr,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3779_bigdecimal_serial() -> TestResult {
+        let value: BigDecimal =
+            bigdecimal::BigDecimal::from(-1421).div(bigdecimal::BigDecimal::from(2));
+        let mut current: BigDecimal = BigDecimal::one();
+
+        for iter in 1..180 {
+            let buffer: Vec<u8> = serialize_big_decimal(&current);
+
+            let mut as_slice = buffer.as_slice();
+            decode_long(&mut as_slice)?;
+
+            let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+            result.extend_from_slice(as_slice);
+
+            let deserialize_big_decimal: Result<BigDecimal, Error> =
+                deserialize_big_decimal(&result);
+            assert!(
+                deserialize_big_decimal.is_ok(),
+                "can't deserialize for iter {iter}"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(current, deserialize_big_decimal?, "not equals for {iter}");
+            current = current.mul(&value);
+        }
+
+        let buffer: Vec<u8> = serialize_big_decimal(&BigDecimal::zero());
+        let mut as_slice = buffer.as_slice();
+        decode_long(&mut as_slice)?;
+
+        let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+        result.extend_from_slice(as_slice);
+
+        let deserialize_big_decimal: Result<BigDecimal, Error> = deserialize_big_decimal(&result);
+        assert!(
+            deserialize_big_decimal.is_ok(),
+            "can't deserialize for zero"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            BigDecimal::zero(),
+            deserialize_big_decimal?,
+            "not equals for zero"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3779_record_with_bg() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "field_name",
+              "type": "bytes",
+              "logicalType": "big-decimal"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+
+        // build record with big decimal value
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        let val = BigDecimal::new(BigInt::from(12), 2);
+        record.put("field_name", val.clone());
+
+        // write a record
+        let codec = Codec::Null;
+        let mut writer = Writer::builder()
+            .schema(&schema)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .writer(Vec::new())
+            .build();
+
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        writer.flush()?;
+
+        // read record
+        let wrote_data = writer.into_inner()?;
+        let mut reader = Reader::new(&wrote_data[..])?;
+
+        let value = reader.next().unwrap()?;
+
+        // extract field value
+        let big_decimal_value: &Value = match value {
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => Ok(&fields[0].1),
+            other => Err(format!("Expected a Value::Record, got: {other:?}")),
+        }?;
+
+        let x1res: &BigDecimal = match big_decimal_value {
+            Value::BigDecimal(ref s) => Ok(s),
+            other => Err(format!("Expected Value::BigDecimal, got: {other:?}")),
+        }?;
+        assert_eq!(&val, x1res);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3779_from_java_file() -> TestResult {
+        // Open file generated with Java code to ensure compatibility
+        // with Java big decimal logical type.
+        let file: File = File::open("./tests/bigdec.avro")?;
+        let mut reader = Reader::new(BufReader::new(&file))?;
+        let next_element = reader.next();
+        assert!(next_element.is_some());
+        let value = next_element.unwrap()?;
+        let bg = match value {
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => Ok(&fields[0].1),
+            other => Err(format!("Expected a Value::Record, got: {other:?}")),
+        }?;
+        let value_big_decimal = match bg {
+            Value::BigDecimal(val) => Ok(val),
+            other => Err(format!("Expected a Value::BigDecimal, got: {other:?}")),
+        }?;
+
+        let ref_value = BigDecimal::from_str("2.24")?;
+        assert_eq!(&ref_value, value_big_decimal);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/bytes.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/bytes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c10df27b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/bytes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::cell::Cell;
+
+thread_local! {
+    /// A thread local that is used to decide how to serialize Rust bytes into an Avro
+    /// `types::Value` of type bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Relies on the fact that serde's serialization process is single-threaded.
+    pub(crate) static SER_BYTES_TYPE: Cell<BytesType> = const { Cell::new(BytesType::Bytes) };
+
+    /// A thread local that is used to decide how to deserialize an Avro `types::Value`
+    /// of type bytes into Rust bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Relies on the fact that serde's deserialization process is single-threaded.
+    pub(crate) static DE_BYTES_BORROWED: Cell<bool> = const { Cell::new(false) };
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(crate) enum BytesType {
+    Bytes,
+    Fixed,
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of Avro bytes values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Use
+/// [`serde_avro_bytes_opt`](crate::serde_avro_bytes_opt) for optional bytes.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::{serde_avro_bytes, serde_avro_fixed};
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+///     vec_field: Vec<u8>,
+///
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+///     fixed_field: [u8; 6],
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_bytes {
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+
+    pub fn serialize<S>(bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::serialize(bytes, serializer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<u8>, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of optional Avro bytes values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Use
+/// [`serde_avro_bytes`](crate::serde_avro_bytes) for non optional bytes.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::{serde_avro_bytes_opt, serde_avro_fixed_opt};
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+///     vec_field: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+///
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+///     fixed_field: Option<[u8; 6]>,
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_bytes_opt {
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+    use std::borrow::Borrow;
+
+    pub fn serialize<S, B>(bytes: &Option<B>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+        B: Borrow<[u8]> + serde_bytes::Serialize,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::serialize(bytes, serializer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of Avro fixed values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Use
+/// [`serde_avro_fixed_opt`](crate::serde_avro_fixed_opt) for optional fixed values.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::{serde_avro_bytes, serde_avro_fixed};
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+///     vec_field: Vec<u8>,
+///
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+///     fixed_field: [u8; 6],
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_fixed {
+    use super::{BytesType, SER_BYTES_TYPE};
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+
+    pub fn serialize<S>(bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        SER_BYTES_TYPE.set(BytesType::Fixed);
+        let res = serde_bytes::serialize(bytes, serializer);
+        SER_BYTES_TYPE.set(BytesType::Bytes);
+        res
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D, const N: usize>(deserializer: D) -> Result<[u8; N], D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of optional Avro fixed values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Use
+/// [`serde_avro_fixed`](crate::serde_avro_fixed) for non optional fixed values.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::{serde_avro_bytes_opt, serde_avro_fixed_opt};
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+///     vec_field: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+///
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+///     fixed_field: Option<[u8; 6]>,
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_fixed_opt {
+    use super::{BytesType, SER_BYTES_TYPE};
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+    use std::borrow::Borrow;
+
+    pub fn serialize<S, B>(bytes: &Option<B>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+        B: Borrow<[u8]> + serde_bytes::Serialize,
+    {
+        SER_BYTES_TYPE.set(BytesType::Fixed);
+        let res = serde_bytes::serialize(bytes, serializer);
+        SER_BYTES_TYPE.set(BytesType::Bytes);
+        res
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D, const N: usize>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<[u8; N]>, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of Avro bytes/fixed borrowed values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Note that
+/// `bytes: &[u8]` are always serialized as
+/// [`Value::Bytes`](crate::types::Value::Bytes). However, both
+/// [`Value::Bytes`](crate::types::Value::Bytes) and
+/// [`Value::Fixed`](crate::types::Value::Fixed) can be deserialized as `bytes:
+/// &[u8]`. Use [`serde_avro_slice_opt`](crate::serde_avro_slice_opt) for optional
+/// bytes/fixed borrowed values.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::serde_avro_slice;
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes<'a> {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice")]
+///     slice_field: &'a [u8],
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_slice {
+    use super::DE_BYTES_BORROWED;
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+
+    pub fn serialize<S>(bytes: &[u8], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::serialize(bytes, serializer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<&'de [u8], D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        DE_BYTES_BORROWED.set(true);
+        let res = serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer);
+        DE_BYTES_BORROWED.set(false);
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+/// Efficient (de)serialization of optional Avro bytes/fixed borrowed values.
+///
+/// This module is intended to be used through the Serde `with` attribute. Note that
+/// `bytes: &[u8]` are always serialized as
+/// [`Value::Bytes`](crate::types::Value::Bytes). However, both
+/// [`Value::Bytes`](crate::types::Value::Bytes) and
+/// [`Value::Fixed`](crate::types::Value::Fixed) can be deserialized as `bytes:
+/// &[u8]`. Use [`serde_avro_slice`](crate::serde_avro_slice) for non optional
+/// bytes/fixed borrowed values.
+///
+/// See usage with below example:
+/// ```rust
+/// use apache_avro::serde_avro_slice_opt;
+/// use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+///
+/// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// struct StructWithBytes<'a> {
+///     #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+///     slice_field: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub mod serde_avro_slice_opt {
+    use super::DE_BYTES_BORROWED;
+    use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};
+    use std::borrow::Borrow;
+
+    pub fn serialize<S, B>(bytes: &Option<B>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+        B: Borrow<[u8]> + serde_bytes::Serialize,
+    {
+        serde_bytes::serialize(&bytes, serializer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<&'de [u8]>, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        DE_BYTES_BORROWED.set(true);
+        let res = serde_bytes::deserialize(deserializer);
+        DE_BYTES_BORROWED.set(false);
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{from_value, to_value, types::Value, Schema};
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3631_validate_schema_for_struct_with_byte_types() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+        struct TestStructWithBytes<'a> {
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+            vec_field: Vec<u8>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            vec_field_opt: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+            fixed_field: [u8; 6],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field_opt: Option<[u8; 7]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice")]
+            slice_field: &'a [u8],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+            slice_field_opt: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+        }
+
+        let test = TestStructWithBytes {
+            vec_field: vec![2, 3, 4],
+            vec_field_opt: Some(vec![2, 3, 4]),
+            fixed_field: [1; 6],
+            fixed_field_opt: Some([1; 7]),
+            slice_field: &[1, 2, 3],
+            slice_field_opt: Some(&[1, 2, 3]),
+        };
+        let value: Value = to_value(test).unwrap();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "TestStructWithBytes",
+              "fields": [ {
+                "name": "vec_field",
+                "type": "bytes"
+              }, {
+                "name": "vec_field_opt",
+                "type": ["null", "bytes"]
+              }, {
+                "name": "fixed_field",
+                "type": {
+                  "name": "ByteData",
+                  "type": "fixed",
+                  "size": 6
+                }
+              }, {
+                "name": "fixed_field_opt",
+                "type": ["null", {
+                  "name": "ByteData2",
+                  "type": "fixed",
+                  "size": 7
+                } ]
+              }, {
+                "name": "slice_field",
+                "type": "bytes"
+              }, {
+                "name": "slice_field_opt",
+                "type": ["null", "bytes"]
+              } ]
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(value.validate(&schema));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3631_deserialize_value_to_struct_with_byte_types() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+        struct TestStructWithBytes<'a> {
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+            vec_field: Vec<u8>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            vec_field_opt: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            vec_field_opt2: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+            fixed_field: [u8; 6],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field_opt: Option<[u8; 7]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field_opt2: Option<[u8; 8]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice")]
+            slice_bytes_field: &'a [u8],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+            slice_bytes_field_opt: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+            slice_bytes_field_opt2: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice")]
+            slice_fixed_field: &'a [u8],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+            slice_fixed_field_opt: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_slice_opt")]
+            slice_fixed_field_opt2: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+        }
+
+        let expected = TestStructWithBytes {
+            vec_field: vec![3, 33],
+            vec_field_opt: Some(vec![4, 44]),
+            vec_field_opt2: None,
+            fixed_field: [1; 6],
+            fixed_field_opt: Some([7; 7]),
+            fixed_field_opt2: None,
+            slice_bytes_field: &[1, 11, 111],
+            slice_bytes_field_opt: Some(&[5, 5, 5, 5, 5]),
+            slice_bytes_field_opt2: None,
+            slice_fixed_field: &[2, 22, 222],
+            slice_fixed_field_opt: Some(&[3, 3, 3]),
+            slice_fixed_field_opt2: None,
+        };
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "vec_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Bytes(expected.vec_field.clone()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Bytes(
+                        expected.vec_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().clone(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Fixed(expected.fixed_field.len(), expected.fixed_field.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Fixed(
+                        expected.fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().len(),
+                        expected.fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_bytes_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Bytes(expected.slice_bytes_field.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_bytes_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Bytes(
+                        expected.slice_bytes_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_bytes_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_fixed_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Fixed(
+                    expected.slice_fixed_field.len(),
+                    expected.slice_fixed_field.to_vec(),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_fixed_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Fixed(
+                        expected.slice_fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().len(),
+                        expected.slice_fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "slice_fixed_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(expected, from_value(&value).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3631_serialize_struct_to_value_with_byte_types() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+        struct TestStructWithBytes<'a> {
+            array_field: &'a [u8],
+            vec_field: Vec<u8>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+            vec_field2: Vec<u8>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            vec_field2_opt: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            vec_field2_opt2: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+            vec_field3: Vec<u8>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            vec_field3_opt: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            vec_field3_opt2: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+            fixed_field: [u8; 6],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field_opt: Option<[u8; 5]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field_opt2: Option<[u8; 4]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed")]
+            fixed_field2: &'a [u8],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field2_opt: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_fixed_opt")]
+            fixed_field2_opt2: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+            bytes_field: &'a [u8],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            bytes_field_opt: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            bytes_field_opt2: Option<&'a [u8]>,
+
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes")]
+            bytes_field2: [u8; 6],
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            bytes_field2_opt: Option<[u8; 7]>,
+            #[serde(with = "serde_avro_bytes_opt")]
+            bytes_field2_opt2: Option<[u8; 8]>,
+        }
+
+        let test = TestStructWithBytes {
+            array_field: &[1, 11, 111],
+            vec_field: vec![3, 33],
+            vec_field2: vec![4, 44],
+            vec_field2_opt: Some(vec![14, 144]),
+            vec_field2_opt2: None,
+            vec_field3: vec![5, 55],
+            vec_field3_opt: Some(vec![15, 155]),
+            vec_field3_opt2: None,
+            fixed_field: [1; 6],
+            fixed_field_opt: Some([6; 5]),
+            fixed_field_opt2: None,
+            fixed_field2: &[6, 66],
+            fixed_field2_opt: Some(&[7, 77]),
+            fixed_field2_opt2: None,
+            bytes_field: &[2, 22, 222],
+            bytes_field_opt: Some(&[3, 33, 233]),
+            bytes_field_opt2: None,
+            bytes_field2: [2; 6],
+            bytes_field2_opt: Some([2; 7]),
+            bytes_field2_opt2: None,
+        };
+        let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "array_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Array(
+                    test.array_field
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|&i| Value::Int(i as i32))
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Array(
+                    test.vec_field
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|&i| Value::Int(i as i32))
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Fixed(test.vec_field2.len(), test.vec_field2.clone()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field2_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Fixed(
+                        test.vec_field2_opt.as_ref().unwrap().len(),
+                        test.vec_field2_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field2_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field3".to_owned(),
+                Value::Bytes(test.vec_field3.clone()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field3_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Bytes(test.vec_field3_opt.as_ref().unwrap().clone())),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "vec_field3_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Fixed(test.fixed_field.len(), test.fixed_field.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Fixed(
+                        test.fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().len(),
+                        test.fixed_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Fixed(test.fixed_field2.len(), test.fixed_field2.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field2_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Fixed(
+                        test.fixed_field2_opt.as_ref().unwrap().len(),
+                        test.fixed_field2_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "fixed_field2_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field".to_owned(),
+                Value::Bytes(test.bytes_field.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Bytes(
+                        test.bytes_field_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Bytes(test.bytes_field2.to_vec()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field2_opt".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(Value::Bytes(
+                        test.bytes_field2_opt.as_ref().unwrap().to_vec(),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "bytes_field2_opt2".to_owned(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(expected, to_value(test).unwrap());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/codec.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/codec.rs
similarity index 51%
rename from lang/rust/src/codec.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/codec.rs
index 25d395ab6cc..a394cad2545 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/codec.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/codec.rs
@@ -19,10 +19,22 @@
 use crate::{types::Value, AvroResult, Error};
 use libflate::deflate::{Decoder, Encoder};
 use std::io::{Read, Write};
-use strum_macros::{EnumString, IntoStaticStr};
+use strum_macros::{EnumIter, EnumString, IntoStaticStr};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+use bzip2::{
+    read::{BzDecoder, BzEncoder},
+    Compression,
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
+extern crate crc32fast;
+#[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
+use crc32fast::Hasher;
+#[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+use xz2::read::{XzDecoder, XzEncoder};
 
 /// The compression codec used to compress blocks.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, EnumString, IntoStaticStr)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, EnumIter, EnumString, IntoStaticStr)]
 #[strum(serialize_all = "kebab_case")]
 pub enum Codec {
     /// The `Null` codec simply passes through data uncompressed.
@@ -36,6 +48,16 @@ pub enum Codec {
     /// compression library. Each compressed block is followed by the 4-byte, big-endian
     /// CRC32 checksum of the uncompressed data in the block.
     Snappy,
+    #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+    Zstandard,
+    #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+    /// The `BZip2` codec uses [BZip2](https://sourceware.org/bzip2/)
+    /// compression library.
+    Bzip2,
+    #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+    /// The `Xz` codec uses [Xz utils](https://tukaani.org/xz/)
+    /// compression library.
+    Xz,
 }
 
 impl From<Codec> for Value {
@@ -60,19 +82,42 @@ impl Codec {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
             Codec::Snappy => {
-                use byteorder::ByteOrder;
-
                 let mut encoded: Vec<u8> = vec![0; snap::raw::max_compress_len(stream.len())];
                 let compressed_size = snap::raw::Encoder::new()
                     .compress(&stream[..], &mut encoded[..])
                     .map_err(Error::SnappyCompress)?;
 
-                let crc = crc::crc32::checksum_ieee(&stream[..]);
-                byteorder::BigEndian::write_u32(&mut encoded[compressed_size..], crc);
-                encoded.truncate(compressed_size + 4);
+                let mut hasher = Hasher::new();
+                hasher.update(&stream[..]);
+                let checksum = hasher.finalize();
+                let checksum_as_bytes = checksum.to_be_bytes();
+                let checksum_len = checksum_as_bytes.len();
+                encoded.truncate(compressed_size + checksum_len);
+                encoded[compressed_size..].copy_from_slice(&checksum_as_bytes);
 
                 *stream = encoded;
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+            Codec::Zstandard => {
+                let mut encoder = zstd::Encoder::new(Vec::new(), 0).unwrap();
+                encoder.write_all(stream).map_err(Error::ZstdCompress)?;
+                *stream = encoder.finish().unwrap();
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+            Codec::Bzip2 => {
+                let mut encoder = BzEncoder::new(&stream[..], Compression::best());
+                let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+                encoder.read_to_end(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+                *stream = buffer;
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+            Codec::Xz => {
+                let compression_level = 9;
+                let mut encoder = XzEncoder::new(&stream[..], compression_level);
+                let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+                encoder.read_to_end(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+                *stream = buffer;
+            }
         };
 
         Ok(())
@@ -92,8 +137,6 @@ impl Codec {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
             Codec::Snappy => {
-                use byteorder::ByteOrder;
-
                 let decompressed_size = snap::raw::decompress_len(&stream[..stream.len() - 4])
                     .map_err(Error::GetSnappyDecompressLen)?;
                 let mut decoded = vec![0; decompressed_size];
@@ -101,14 +144,40 @@ impl Codec {
                     .decompress(&stream[..stream.len() - 4], &mut decoded[..])
                     .map_err(Error::SnappyDecompress)?;
 
-                let expected = byteorder::BigEndian::read_u32(&stream[stream.len() - 4..]);
-                let actual = crc::crc32::checksum_ieee(&decoded);
+                let mut last_four: [u8; 4] = [0; 4];
+                last_four.copy_from_slice(&stream[(stream.len() - 4)..]);
+                let expected: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(last_four);
+
+                let mut hasher = Hasher::new();
+                hasher.update(&decoded);
+                let actual = hasher.finalize();
 
                 if expected != actual {
                     return Err(Error::SnappyCrc32 { expected, actual });
                 }
                 decoded
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+            Codec::Zstandard => {
+                let mut decoded = Vec::new();
+                let mut decoder = zstd::Decoder::new(&stream[..]).unwrap();
+                std::io::copy(&mut decoder, &mut decoded).map_err(Error::ZstdDecompress)?;
+                decoded
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+            Codec::Bzip2 => {
+                let mut decoder = BzDecoder::new(&stream[..]);
+                let mut decoded = Vec::new();
+                decoder.read_to_end(&mut decoded).unwrap();
+                decoded
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+            Codec::Xz => {
+                let mut decoder = XzDecoder::new(&stream[..]);
+                let mut decoded: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+                decoder.read_to_end(&mut decoded).unwrap();
+                decoded
+            }
         };
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -117,40 +186,59 @@ impl Codec {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::{assert_eq, assert_ne};
 
     const INPUT: &[u8] = b"theanswertolifetheuniverseandeverythingis42theanswertolifetheuniverseandeverythingis4theanswertolifetheuniverseandeverythingis2";
 
     #[test]
-    fn null_compress_and_decompress() {
+    fn null_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
         let codec = Codec::Null;
         let mut stream = INPUT.to_vec();
-        codec.compress(&mut stream).unwrap();
+        codec.compress(&mut stream)?;
         assert_eq!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
-        codec.decompress(&mut stream).unwrap();
+        codec.decompress(&mut stream)?;
         assert_eq!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn deflate_compress_and_decompress() {
-        let codec = Codec::Deflate;
-        let mut stream = INPUT.to_vec();
-        codec.compress(&mut stream).unwrap();
-        assert_ne!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
-        assert!(INPUT.len() > stream.len());
-        codec.decompress(&mut stream).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
+    fn deflate_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
+        compress_and_decompress(Codec::Deflate)
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
     #[test]
-    fn snappy_compress_and_decompress() {
-        let codec = Codec::Snappy;
+    fn snappy_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
+        compress_and_decompress(Codec::Snappy)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+    #[test]
+    fn zstd_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
+        compress_and_decompress(Codec::Zstandard)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+    #[test]
+    fn bzip_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
+        compress_and_decompress(Codec::Bzip2)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+    #[test]
+    fn xz_compress_and_decompress() -> TestResult {
+        compress_and_decompress(Codec::Xz)
+    }
+
+    fn compress_and_decompress(codec: Codec) -> TestResult {
         let mut stream = INPUT.to_vec();
-        codec.compress(&mut stream).unwrap();
+        codec.compress(&mut stream)?;
         assert_ne!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
         assert!(INPUT.len() > stream.len());
-        codec.decompress(&mut stream).unwrap();
+        codec.decompress(&mut stream)?;
         assert_eq!(INPUT, stream.as_slice());
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -160,6 +248,15 @@ mod tests {
 
         #[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
         assert_eq!(<&str>::from(Codec::Snappy), "snappy");
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+        assert_eq!(<&str>::from(Codec::Zstandard), "zstandard");
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+        assert_eq!(<&str>::from(Codec::Bzip2), "bzip2");
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+        assert_eq!(<&str>::from(Codec::Xz), "xz");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -172,6 +269,15 @@ mod tests {
         #[cfg(feature = "snappy")]
         assert_eq!(Codec::from_str("snappy").unwrap(), Codec::Snappy);
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "zstandard")]
+        assert_eq!(Codec::from_str("zstandard").unwrap(), Codec::Zstandard);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "bzip")]
+        assert_eq!(Codec::from_str("bzip2").unwrap(), Codec::Bzip2);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "xz")]
+        assert_eq!(Codec::from_str("xz").unwrap(), Codec::Xz);
+
         assert!(Codec::from_str("not a codec").is_err());
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/de.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/de.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2dcfc401ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/de.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1559 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic for serde-compatible deserialization.
+use crate::{bytes::DE_BYTES_BORROWED, types::Value, Error};
+use serde::{
+    de::{self, DeserializeSeed, Visitor},
+    forward_to_deserialize_any, Deserialize,
+};
+use std::{
+    collections::{
+        hash_map::{Keys, Values},
+        HashMap,
+    },
+    slice::Iter,
+};
+
+pub struct Deserializer<'de> {
+    input: &'de Value,
+}
+
+struct SeqDeserializer<'de> {
+    input: Iter<'de, Value>,
+}
+
+struct MapDeserializer<'de> {
+    input_keys: Keys<'de, String, Value>,
+    input_values: Values<'de, String, Value>,
+}
+
+struct RecordDeserializer<'de> {
+    input: Iter<'de, (String, Value)>,
+    value: Option<&'de Value>,
+}
+
+pub struct EnumUnitDeserializer<'a> {
+    input: &'a str,
+}
+
+pub struct EnumDeserializer<'de> {
+    input: &'de [(String, Value)],
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'de Value) -> Self {
+        Deserializer { input }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> SeqDeserializer<'de> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'de [Value]) -> Self {
+        SeqDeserializer {
+            input: input.iter(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> MapDeserializer<'de> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'de HashMap<String, Value>) -> Self {
+        MapDeserializer {
+            input_keys: input.keys(),
+            input_values: input.values(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> RecordDeserializer<'de> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'de [(String, Value)]) -> Self {
+        RecordDeserializer {
+            input: input.iter(),
+            value: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> EnumUnitDeserializer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {
+        EnumUnitDeserializer { input }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> EnumDeserializer<'de> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'de [(String, Value)]) -> Self {
+        EnumDeserializer { input }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::EnumAccess<'de> for EnumUnitDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+    type Variant = Self;
+
+    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        Ok((
+            seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
+                input: self.input.to_owned(),
+            })?,
+            self,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for EnumUnitDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, _seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
+    where
+        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected Newtype variant"))
+    }
+
+    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected tuple variant"))
+    }
+
+    fn struct_variant<V>(
+        self,
+        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
+        _visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected struct variant"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::EnumAccess<'de> for EnumDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+    type Variant = Self;
+
+    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        self.input.first().map_or(
+            Err(de::Error::custom("A record must have a least one field")),
+            |item| match (item.0.as_ref(), &item.1) {
+                ("type", Value::String(x)) | ("type", Value::Enum(_, x)) => Ok((
+                    seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
+                        input: x.to_owned(),
+                    })?,
+                    self,
+                )),
+                (field, Value::String(_)) => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "Expected first field named 'type': got '{field}' instead"
+                ))),
+                (_, _) => Err(de::Error::custom(
+                    "Expected first field of type String or Enum for the type name".to_string(),
+                )),
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for EnumDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
+    where
+        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        self.input.get(1).map_or(
+            Err(de::Error::custom(
+                "Expected a newtype variant, got nothing instead.",
+            )),
+            |item| seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(&item.1)),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.input.get(1).map_or(
+            Err(de::Error::custom(
+                "Expected a tuple variant, got nothing instead.",
+            )),
+            |item| de::Deserializer::deserialize_seq(&Deserializer::new(&item.1), visitor),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn struct_variant<V>(
+        self,
+        fields: &'static [&'static str],
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.input.get(1).map_or(
+            Err(de::Error::custom("Expected a struct variant, got nothing")),
+            |item| {
+                de::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(
+                    &Deserializer::new(&item.1),
+                    "",
+                    fields,
+                    visitor,
+                )
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'de> de::Deserializer<'de> for &'a Deserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.input {
+            Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
+            &Value::Boolean(b) => visitor.visit_bool(b),
+            Value::Int(i) | Value::Date(i) | Value::TimeMillis(i) => visitor.visit_i32(*i),
+            Value::Long(i)
+            | Value::TimeMicros(i)
+            | Value::TimestampMillis(i)
+            | Value::TimestampMicros(i)
+            | Value::TimestampNanos(i)
+            | Value::LocalTimestampMillis(i)
+            | Value::LocalTimestampMicros(i)
+            | Value::LocalTimestampNanos(i) => visitor.visit_i64(*i),
+            &Value::Float(f) => visitor.visit_f32(f),
+            &Value::Double(d) => visitor.visit_f64(d),
+            Value::Union(_i, u) => match **u {
+                Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
+                Value::Boolean(b) => visitor.visit_bool(b),
+                Value::Int(i) | Value::Date(i) | Value::TimeMillis(i) => visitor.visit_i32(i),
+                Value::Long(i)
+                | Value::TimeMicros(i)
+                | Value::TimestampMillis(i)
+                | Value::TimestampMicros(i)
+                | Value::TimestampNanos(i)
+                | Value::LocalTimestampMillis(i)
+                | Value::LocalTimestampMicros(i)
+                | Value::LocalTimestampNanos(i) => visitor.visit_i64(i),
+                Value::Float(f) => visitor.visit_f32(f),
+                Value::Double(d) => visitor.visit_f64(d),
+                Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(fields)),
+                Value::Array(ref fields) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(fields)),
+                Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
+                Value::Uuid(uuid) => visitor.visit_str(&uuid.to_string()),
+                Value::Map(ref items) => visitor.visit_map(MapDeserializer::new(items)),
+                Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => visitor.visit_bytes(bytes),
+                Value::Decimal(ref d) => visitor.visit_bytes(&d.to_vec()?),
+                _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "unsupported union: {:?}",
+                    self.input
+                ))),
+            },
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(fields)),
+            Value::Array(ref fields) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(fields)),
+            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
+            Value::Uuid(uuid) => visitor.visit_str(&uuid.to_string()),
+            Value::Map(ref items) => visitor.visit_map(MapDeserializer::new(items)),
+            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => visitor.visit_bytes(bytes),
+            Value::Decimal(ref d) => visitor.visit_bytes(&d.to_vec()?),
+            value => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "incorrect value of type: {:?}",
+                crate::schema::SchemaKind::from(value)
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
+        bool i8 i16 i32 i64 u8 u16 u32 u64 f32 f64
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_char<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        Err(de::Error::custom("avro does not support char"))
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
+            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => ::std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
+                .map_err(|e| de::Error::custom(e.to_string()))
+                .and_then(|s| visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s)),
+            Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_str(&u.to_string()),
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a String|Bytes|Fixed|Uuid, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_string<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Enum(_, ref s) | Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
+            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
+                String::from_utf8(bytes.to_owned())
+                    .map_err(|e| de::Error::custom(e.to_string()))
+                    .and_then(|s| visitor.visit_string(s))
+            }
+            Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_str(&u.to_string()),
+            Value::Union(_i, ref x) => match **x {
+                Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_borrowed_str(s),
+                Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
+                    String::from_utf8(bytes.to_owned())
+                        .map_err(|e| de::Error::custom(e.to_string()))
+                        .and_then(|s| visitor.visit_string(s))
+                }
+                Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_str(&u.to_string()),
+                _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "Expected a String|Bytes|Fixed|Uuid, but got {x:?}"
+                ))),
+            },
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a String|Bytes|Fixed|Uuid|Union|Enum, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_bytes(s.as_bytes()),
+            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
+                if DE_BYTES_BORROWED.get() {
+                    visitor.visit_borrowed_bytes(bytes)
+                } else {
+                    visitor.visit_bytes(bytes)
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_bytes(u.as_bytes()),
+            Value::Decimal(ref d) => visitor.visit_bytes(&d.to_vec()?),
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a String|Bytes|Fixed|Uuid|Decimal, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_byte_buf(s.clone().into_bytes()),
+            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
+                visitor.visit_byte_buf(bytes.to_owned())
+            }
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a String|Bytes|Fixed, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Union(_i, ref inner) if inner.as_ref() == &Value::Null => visitor.visit_none(),
+            Value::Union(_i, ref inner) => visitor.visit_some(&Deserializer::new(inner)),
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a Union, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_unit<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
+            Value::Union(_i, ref x) => match **x {
+                Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
+                _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "Expected a Null, but got {:?}",
+                    self.input
+                ))),
+            },
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a Null|Union, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
+        self,
+        _struct_name: &'static str,
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.deserialize_unit(visitor)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
+        self,
+        _struct_name: &'static str,
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Array(ref items) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(items)),
+            Value::Union(_i, ref inner) => match **inner {
+                Value::Array(ref items) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(items)),
+                Value::Null => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(&[])),
+                _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "Expected an Array or Null, but got: {inner:?}"
+                ))),
+            },
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected an Array or Union, but got: {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_tuple<V>(self, _: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
+        self,
+        _struct_name: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Map(ref items) => visitor.visit_map(MapDeserializer::new(items)),
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(fields)),
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format_args!(
+                "Expected a record or a map. Got: {:?}",
+                &self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_struct<V>(
+        self,
+        _struct_name: &'static str,
+        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(fields)),
+            Value::Union(_i, ref inner) => match **inner {
+                Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(fields)),
+                Value::Null => visitor.visit_map(RecordDeserializer::new(&[])),
+                _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                    "Expected a Record or Null, got: {inner:?}"
+                ))),
+            },
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a Record or Union, got: {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_enum<V>(
+        self,
+        _enum_name: &'static str,
+        _variants: &'static [&'static str],
+        visitor: V,
+    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        match *self.input {
+            // This branch can be anything...
+            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_enum(EnumDeserializer::new(fields)),
+            Value::String(ref field) => visitor.visit_enum(EnumUnitDeserializer::new(field)),
+            // This has to be a unit Enum
+            Value::Enum(_index, ref field) => visitor.visit_enum(EnumUnitDeserializer::new(field)),
+            _ => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "Expected a Record|Enum, but got {:?}",
+                self.input
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_identifier<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.deserialize_str(visitor)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_ignored_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        self.deserialize_any(visitor)
+    }
+
+    fn is_human_readable(&self) -> bool {
+        crate::util::is_human_readable()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::SeqAccess<'de> for SeqDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn next_element_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
+    where
+        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.input.next() {
+            Some(item) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(item)).map(Some),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for MapDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn next_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
+    where
+        K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.input_keys.next() {
+            Some(key) => seed
+                .deserialize(StringDeserializer {
+                    input: (*key).clone(),
+                })
+                .map(Some),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.input_values.next() {
+            Some(value) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(value)),
+            None => Err(de::Error::custom("should not happen - too many values")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for RecordDeserializer<'de> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn next_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
+    where
+        K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.input.next() {
+            Some(item) => {
+                let (ref field, ref value) = *item;
+                self.value = Some(value);
+                seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
+                    input: field.clone(),
+                })
+                .map(Some)
+            }
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+    {
+        match self.value.take() {
+            Some(value) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(value)),
+            None => Err(de::Error::custom("should not happen - too many values")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct StringDeserializer {
+    input: String,
+}
+
+impl<'de> de::Deserializer<'de> for StringDeserializer {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'de>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_string(self.input)
+    }
+
+    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq bytes byte_buf map unit_struct newtype_struct
+        tuple_struct struct tuple enum identifier ignored_any
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interpret a `Value` as an instance of type `D`.
+///
+/// This conversion can fail if the structure of the `Value` does not match the
+/// structure expected by `D`.
+pub fn from_value<'de, D: Deserialize<'de>>(value: &'de Value) -> Result<D, Error> {
+    let de = Deserializer::new(value);
+    D::deserialize(&de)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use num_bigint::BigInt;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use serial_test::serial;
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+    use crate::Decimal;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+    pub struct StringEnum {
+        pub source: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3955_decode_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_content = r#"
+{
+  "name": "AccessLog",
+  "namespace": "com.clevercloud.accesslogs.common.avro",
+  "type": "record",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "source",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "enum",
+        "name": "SourceType",
+        "items": "string",
+        "symbols": ["SOZU", "HAPROXY", "HAPROXY_TCP"]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+"#;
+
+        let schema = crate::Schema::parse_str(schema_content)?;
+        let data = StringEnum {
+            source: "SOZU".to_string(),
+        };
+
+        // encode into avro
+        let value = crate::to_value(&data)?;
+
+        let mut buf = std::io::Cursor::new(crate::to_avro_datum(&schema, value)?);
+
+        // decode from avro
+        let value = crate::from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut buf, None)?;
+
+        let decoded_data: StringEnum = crate::from_value(&value)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(decoded_data, data);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3955_encode_enum_data_with_wrong_content() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_content = r#"
+{
+  "name": "AccessLog",
+  "namespace": "com.clevercloud.accesslogs.common.avro",
+  "type": "record",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "source",
+      "type": {
+        "type": "enum",
+        "name": "SourceType",
+        "items": "string",
+        "symbols": ["SOZU", "HAPROXY", "HAPROXY_TCP"]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+"#;
+
+        let schema = crate::Schema::parse_str(schema_content)?;
+        let data = StringEnum {
+            source: "WRONG_ITEM".to_string(),
+        };
+
+        // encode into avro
+        let value = crate::to_value(data)?;
+
+        // The following sentence have to fail has the data is wrong.
+        let encoded_data = crate::to_avro_datum(&schema, value);
+
+        assert!(encoded_data.is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct Test {
+        a: i64,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestInner {
+        a: Test,
+        b: i32,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestUnitExternalEnum {
+        a: UnitExternalEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    enum UnitExternalEnum {
+        Val1,
+        Val2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestUnitInternalEnum {
+        a: UnitInternalEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[serde(tag = "t")]
+    enum UnitInternalEnum {
+        Val1,
+        Val2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestUnitAdjacentEnum {
+        a: UnitAdjacentEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[serde(tag = "t", content = "v")]
+    enum UnitAdjacentEnum {
+        Val1,
+        Val2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestUnitUntaggedEnum {
+        a: UnitUntaggedEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[serde(untagged)]
+    enum UnitUntaggedEnum {
+        Val1,
+        Val2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestSingleValueExternalEnum {
+        a: SingleValueExternalEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    enum SingleValueExternalEnum {
+        Double(f64),
+        String(String),
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestStructExternalEnum {
+        a: StructExternalEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    enum StructExternalEnum {
+        Val1 { x: f32, y: f32 },
+        Val2 { x: f32, y: f32 },
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestTupleExternalEnum {
+        a: TupleExternalEnum,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+    enum TupleExternalEnum {
+        Val1(f32, f32),
+        Val2(f32, f32, f32),
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value() -> TestResult {
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_owned(), Value::Long(27)),
+            ("b".to_owned(), Value::String("foo".to_owned())),
+        ]);
+        let expected = Test {
+            a: 27,
+            b: "foo".to_owned(),
+        };
+        let final_value: Test = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(final_value, expected);
+
+        let test_inner = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "a".to_owned(),
+                Value::Record(vec![
+                    ("a".to_owned(), Value::Long(27)),
+                    ("b".to_owned(), Value::String("foo".to_owned())),
+                ]),
+            ),
+            ("b".to_owned(), Value::Int(35)),
+        ]);
+
+        let expected_inner = TestInner { a: expected, b: 35 };
+        let final_value: TestInner = from_value(&test_inner)?;
+        assert_eq!(final_value, expected_inner);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_unit_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = TestUnitExternalEnum {
+            a: UnitExternalEnum::Val1,
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Val1".to_owned()))]);
+        let final_value: TestUnitExternalEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "Error deserializing unit external enum"
+        );
+
+        let expected = TestUnitInternalEnum {
+            a: UnitInternalEnum::Val1,
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "a".to_owned(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("t".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned()))]),
+        )]);
+        let final_value: TestUnitInternalEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "Error deserializing unit internal enum"
+        );
+        let expected = TestUnitAdjacentEnum {
+            a: UnitAdjacentEnum::Val1,
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "a".to_owned(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("t".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned()))]),
+        )]);
+        let final_value: TestUnitAdjacentEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "Error deserializing unit adjacent enum"
+        );
+        let expected = TestUnitUntaggedEnum {
+            a: UnitUntaggedEnum::Val1,
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Null)]);
+        let final_value: TestUnitUntaggedEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "Error deserializing unit untagged enum"
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3645_3646_test_from_value_enum() -> TestResult {
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        struct TestNullExternalEnum {
+            a: NullExternalEnum,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        enum NullExternalEnum {
+            Val1,
+            Val2(),
+            Val3(()),
+            Val4(u64),
+        }
+
+        let data = vec![
+            (
+                TestNullExternalEnum {
+                    a: NullExternalEnum::Val1,
+                },
+                Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Val1".to_owned()))]),
+            ),
+            (
+                TestNullExternalEnum {
+                    a: NullExternalEnum::Val2(),
+                },
+                Value::Record(vec![(
+                    "a".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![
+                        ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(1, "Val2".to_owned())),
+                        ("value".to_owned(), Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Null))),
+                    ]),
+                )]),
+            ),
+            (
+                TestNullExternalEnum {
+                    a: NullExternalEnum::Val2(),
+                },
+                Value::Record(vec![(
+                    "a".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![
+                        ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(1, "Val2".to_owned())),
+                        ("value".to_owned(), Value::Array(vec![])),
+                    ]),
+                )]),
+            ),
+            (
+                TestNullExternalEnum {
+                    a: NullExternalEnum::Val3(()),
+                },
+                Value::Record(vec![(
+                    "a".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![
+                        ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(2, "Val3".to_owned())),
+                        ("value".to_owned(), Value::Union(2, Box::new(Value::Null))),
+                    ]),
+                )]),
+            ),
+            (
+                TestNullExternalEnum {
+                    a: NullExternalEnum::Val4(123),
+                },
+                Value::Record(vec![(
+                    "a".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![
+                        ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(3, "Val4".to_owned())),
+                        ("value".to_owned(), Value::Union(3, Value::Long(123).into())),
+                    ]),
+                )]),
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for (expected, test) in data.iter() {
+            let actual: TestNullExternalEnum = from_value(test)?;
+            assert_eq!(actual, *expected);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_single_value_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = TestSingleValueExternalEnum {
+            a: SingleValueExternalEnum::Double(64.0),
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "a".to_owned(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Double".to_owned())),
+                (
+                    "value".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Double(64.0))),
+                ),
+            ]),
+        )]);
+        let final_value: TestSingleValueExternalEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "Error deserializing single value external enum(union)"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_struct_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = TestStructExternalEnum {
+            a: StructExternalEnum::Val1 { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 },
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "a".to_owned(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned())),
+                (
+                    "value".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Union(
+                        0,
+                        Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
+                            ("x".to_owned(), Value::Float(1.0)),
+                            ("y".to_owned(), Value::Float(2.0)),
+                        ])),
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ]),
+        )]);
+        let final_value: TestStructExternalEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "error deserializing struct external enum(union)"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3692_from_value_struct_flatten() -> TestResult {
+        #[derive(Deserialize, PartialEq, Debug)]
+        struct S1 {
+            f1: String,
+            #[serde(flatten)]
+            inner: S2,
+        }
+        #[derive(Deserialize, PartialEq, Debug)]
+        struct S2 {
+            f2: String,
+        }
+        let expected = S1 {
+            f1: "Hello".to_owned(),
+            inner: S2 {
+                f2: "World".to_owned(),
+            },
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("f1".to_owned(), "Hello".into()),
+            ("f2".to_owned(), "World".into()),
+        ]);
+        let final_value: S1 = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(final_value, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_tuple_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = TestTupleExternalEnum {
+            a: TupleExternalEnum::Val1(1.0, 2.0),
+        };
+
+        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "a".to_owned(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned())),
+                (
+                    "value".to_owned(),
+                    Value::Union(
+                        0,
+                        Box::new(Value::Array(vec![Value::Float(1.0), Value::Float(2.0)])),
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ]),
+        )]);
+        let final_value: TestTupleExternalEnum = from_value(&test)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            final_value, expected,
+            "error serializing tuple external enum(union)"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_date() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::Date(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i32>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_time_millis() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::TimeMillis(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i32>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_time_micros() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::TimeMicros(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_timestamp_millis() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::TimestampMillis(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_timestamp_micros() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::TimestampMicros(raw_value);
+        let result = from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3916_timestamp_nanos() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::TimestampNanos(raw_value);
+        let result = from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3853_local_timestamp_millis() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampMillis(raw_value);
+        let result = from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3853_local_timestamp_micros() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampMicros(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3916_local_timestamp_nanos() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = 1;
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampNanos(raw_value);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_uuid_str() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = "9ec535ff-3e2a-45bd-91d3-0a01321b5a49";
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str(raw_value)?);
+        let result = from_value::<Uuid>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.to_string(), raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_uuid_slice() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = &[4, 54, 67, 12, 43, 2, 2, 76, 32, 50, 87, 5, 1, 33, 43, 87];
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::from_slice(raw_value)?);
+        let result = crate::from_value::<Uuid>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_bytes(), raw_value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_value_with_union() -> TestResult {
+        // AVRO-3232 test for deserialize_any on missing fields on the destination struct:
+        // Error: DeserializeValue("Unsupported union")
+        // Error: DeserializeValue("incorrect value of type: String")
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        struct RecordInUnion {
+            record_in_union: i32,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        struct StructWithMissingFields {
+            a_string: String,
+            a_record: Option<RecordInUnion>,
+            an_array: Option<[bool; 2]>,
+            a_union_map: Option<HashMap<String, i64>>,
+        }
+
+        let raw_map: HashMap<String, i64> = [
+            ("long_one".to_string(), 1),
+            ("long_two".to_string(), 2),
+            ("long_three".to_string(), 3),
+            ("time_micros_a".to_string(), 123),
+            ("timestamp_millis_b".to_string(), 234),
+            ("timestamp_micros_c".to_string(), 345),
+            ("timestamp_nanos_d".to_string(), 345_001),
+            ("local_timestamp_millis_d".to_string(), 678),
+            ("local_timestamp_micros_e".to_string(), 789),
+            ("local_timestamp_nanos_f".to_string(), 345_002),
+        ]
+        .iter()
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+
+        let value_map = raw_map
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| match k {
+                key if key.starts_with("long_") => (k.clone(), Value::Long(*v)),
+                key if key.starts_with("time_micros_") => (k.clone(), Value::TimeMicros(*v)),
+                key if key.starts_with("timestamp_millis_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::TimestampMillis(*v))
+                }
+                key if key.starts_with("timestamp_micros_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::TimestampMicros(*v))
+                }
+                key if key.starts_with("timestamp_nanos_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::TimestampNanos(*v))
+                }
+                key if key.starts_with("local_timestamp_millis_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::LocalTimestampMillis(*v))
+                }
+                key if key.starts_with("local_timestamp_micros_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::LocalTimestampMicros(*v))
+                }
+                key if key.starts_with("local_timestamp_nanos_") => {
+                    (k.clone(), Value::LocalTimestampNanos(*v))
+                }
+                _ => unreachable!("unexpected key: {:?}", k),
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let record = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "a_string".to_string(),
+                Value::String("a valid message field".to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_string".to_string(),
+                Value::String("a string".to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_union_string".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::String("a union string".to_string()))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_union_long".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Long(412))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_union_long".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Long(412))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_time_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimeMicros(123))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_time_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimeMicros(-123))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_timestamp_millis".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampMillis(234))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_timestamp_millis".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampMillis(-234))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_timestamp_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampMicros(345))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_timestamp_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampMicros(-345))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_timestamp_nanos".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampNanos(345))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_timestamp_nanos".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::TimestampNanos(-345))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_local_timestamp_millis".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampMillis(678))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_local_timestamp_millis".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampMillis(-678))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_local_timestamp_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampMicros(789))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_local_timestamp_micros".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampMicros(-789))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_local_timestamp_nanos".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampNanos(789))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_local_timestamp_nanos".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::LocalTimestampNanos(-789))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_record".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    0,
+                    Box::new(Value::Record(vec![(
+                        "record_in_union".to_string(),
+                        Value::Int(-2),
+                    )])),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_record".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    0,
+                    Box::new(Value::Record(vec![("blah".to_string(), Value::Int(-22))])),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "an_array".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    0,
+                    Box::new(Value::Array(vec![
+                        Value::Boolean(true),
+                        Value::Boolean(false),
+                    ])),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_array".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(
+                    0,
+                    Box::new(Value::Array(vec![
+                        Value::Boolean(false),
+                        Value::Boolean(true),
+                    ])),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_union_map".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Map(value_map))),
+            ),
+            (
+                "a_non_existing_union_map".to_string(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Map(HashMap::new()))),
+            ),
+        ]);
+
+        let deserialized: StructWithMissingFields = crate::from_value(&record)?;
+        let reference = StructWithMissingFields {
+            a_string: "a valid message field".to_string(),
+            a_record: Some(RecordInUnion {
+                record_in_union: -2,
+            }),
+            an_array: Some([true, false]),
+            a_union_map: Some(raw_map),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(deserialized, reference);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[serial(avro_3747)]
+    fn avro_3747_human_readable_false() -> TestResult {
+        use serde::de::Deserializer as SerdeDeserializer;
+
+        let is_human_readable = false;
+        crate::util::SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.store(is_human_readable, Ordering::Release);
+
+        let deser = &Deserializer::new(&Value::Null);
+
+        assert_eq!(deser.is_human_readable(), is_human_readable);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[serial(avro_3747)]
+    fn avro_3747_human_readable_true() -> TestResult {
+        use serde::de::Deserializer as SerdeDeserializer;
+
+        crate::util::SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+
+        let deser = &Deserializer::new(&Value::Null);
+
+        assert!(deser.is_human_readable());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_string_from_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let value = Value::Bytes(raw_value.clone());
+        let result = from_value::<String>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, String::from_utf8(raw_value)?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_str_from_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let raw_value = &[1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let value = Value::Bytes(raw_value.to_vec());
+        let result = from_value::<&str>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, std::str::from_utf8(raw_value)?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct Bytes(Vec<u8>);
+
+    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Bytes {
+        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where
+            D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+        {
+            struct BytesVisitor;
+            impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for BytesVisitor {
+                type Value = Bytes;
+
+                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+                    formatter.write_str("a byte array")
+                }
+
+                fn visit_bytes<E>(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+                where
+                    E: serde::de::Error,
+                {
+                    Ok(Bytes(v.to_vec()))
+                }
+            }
+            deserializer.deserialize_bytes(BytesVisitor)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_bytes_from_decimal() -> TestResult {
+        let expected_bytes = BigInt::from(123456789).to_signed_bytes_be();
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(&expected_bytes));
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Bytes>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.0, expected_bytes);
+
+        let value = Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(&expected_bytes))));
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Option<Bytes>>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.unwrap().0, expected_bytes);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_bytes_from_uuid() -> TestResult {
+        let uuid_str = "10101010-2020-2020-2020-101010101010";
+        let expected_bytes = Uuid::parse_str(uuid_str)?.as_bytes().to_vec();
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str(uuid_str)?);
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Bytes>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.0, expected_bytes);
+
+        let value = Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str(uuid_str)?)));
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Option<Bytes>>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.unwrap().0, expected_bytes);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_bytes_from_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let expected_bytes = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let value = Value::Fixed(4, expected_bytes.clone());
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Bytes>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.0, expected_bytes);
+
+        let value = Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Fixed(4, expected_bytes.clone())));
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Option<Bytes>>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.unwrap().0, expected_bytes);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_deserialize_bytes_from_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let expected_bytes = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let value = Value::Bytes(expected_bytes.clone());
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Bytes>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.0, expected_bytes);
+
+        let value = Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Bytes(expected_bytes.clone())));
+        let raw_bytes = from_value::<Option<Bytes>>(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(raw_bytes.unwrap().0, expected_bytes);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/decimal.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/decimal.rs
similarity index 55%
rename from lang/rust/src/decimal.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/decimal.rs
index 8a4196df8d5..6854f3424d9 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/decimal.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/decimal.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 use crate::{AvroResult, Error};
 use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Decimal {
     value: BigInt,
     len: usize,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl Decimal {
         self.len
     }
 
-    fn to_vec(&self) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    pub(crate) fn to_vec(&self) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
         self.to_sign_extended_bytes_with_len(self.len)
     }
 
@@ -55,6 +55,21 @@ impl Decimal {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Decimal> for BigInt {
+    fn from(decimal: Decimal) -> Self {
+        decimal.value
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gets the internal byte array representation of a referenced decimal.
+/// Usage:
+/// ```
+/// use apache_avro::Decimal;
+/// use std::convert::TryFrom;
+///
+/// let decimal = Decimal::from(vec![1, 24]);
+/// let maybe_bytes = <Vec<u8>>::try_from(&decimal);
+/// ```
 impl std::convert::TryFrom<&Decimal> for Vec<u8> {
     type Error = Error;
 
@@ -63,6 +78,23 @@ impl std::convert::TryFrom<&Decimal> for Vec<u8> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Gets the internal byte array representation of an owned decimal.
+/// Usage:
+/// ```
+/// use apache_avro::Decimal;
+/// use std::convert::TryFrom;
+///
+/// let decimal = Decimal::from(vec![1, 24]);
+/// let maybe_bytes = <Vec<u8>>::try_from(decimal);
+/// ```
+impl std::convert::TryFrom<Decimal> for Vec<u8> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(decimal: Decimal) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        decimal.to_vec()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> From<T> for Decimal {
     fn from(bytes: T) -> Self {
         let bytes_ref = bytes.as_ref();
@@ -72,3 +104,43 @@ impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> From<T> for Decimal {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decimal_from_bytes_from_ref_decimal() -> TestResult {
+        let input = vec![1, 24];
+        let d = Decimal::from(&input);
+
+        let output = <Vec<u8>>::try_from(&d)?;
+        assert_eq!(output, input);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decimal_from_bytes_from_owned_decimal() -> TestResult {
+        let input = vec![1, 24];
+        let d = Decimal::from(&input);
+
+        let output = <Vec<u8>>::try_from(d)?;
+        assert_eq!(output, input);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3949_decimal_serde() -> TestResult {
+        let decimal = Decimal::from(&[1, 2, 3]);
+
+        let ser = serde_json::to_string(&decimal)?;
+        let de = serde_json::from_str(&ser)?;
+        std::assert_eq!(decimal, de);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/decode.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/decode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c685e9a84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/decode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,912 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::{
+    bigdecimal::deserialize_big_decimal,
+    decimal::Decimal,
+    duration::Duration,
+    encode::encode_long,
+    schema::{
+        DecimalSchema, EnumSchema, FixedSchema, Name, Namespace, RecordSchema, ResolvedSchema,
+        Schema,
+    },
+    types::Value,
+    util::{safe_len, zag_i32, zag_i64},
+    AvroResult, Error,
+};
+use std::{
+    borrow::Borrow,
+    collections::HashMap,
+    io::{ErrorKind, Read},
+    str::FromStr,
+};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[inline]
+pub(crate) fn decode_long<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    zag_i64(reader).map(Value::Long)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn decode_int<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    zag_i32(reader).map(Value::Int)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub(crate) fn decode_len<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+    let len = zag_i64(reader)?;
+    safe_len(usize::try_from(len).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, len))?)
+}
+
+/// Decode the length of a sequence.
+///
+/// Maps and arrays are 0-terminated, 0i64 is also encoded as 0 in Avro reading a length of 0 means
+/// the end of the map or array.
+fn decode_seq_len<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+    let raw_len = zag_i64(reader)?;
+    safe_len(
+        usize::try_from(match raw_len.cmp(&0) {
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => return Ok(0),
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
+                let _size = zag_i64(reader)?;
+                raw_len.checked_neg().ok_or(Error::IntegerOverflow)?
+            }
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => raw_len,
+        })
+        .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, raw_len))?,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Decode a `Value` from avro format given its `Schema`.
+pub fn decode<R: Read>(schema: &Schema, reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schema)?;
+    decode_internal(schema, rs.get_names(), &None, reader)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn decode_internal<R: Read, S: Borrow<Schema>>(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+    enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    reader: &mut R,
+) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    match *schema {
+        Schema::Null => Ok(Value::Null),
+        Schema::Boolean => {
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 1];
+            match reader.read_exact(&mut buf[..]) {
+                Ok(_) => match buf[0] {
+                    0u8 => Ok(Value::Boolean(false)),
+                    1u8 => Ok(Value::Boolean(true)),
+                    _ => Err(Error::BoolValue(buf[0])),
+                },
+                Err(io_err) => {
+                    if let ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof = io_err.kind() {
+                        Ok(Value::Null)
+                    } else {
+                        Err(Error::ReadBoolean(io_err))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema { ref inner, .. }) => match &**inner {
+            Schema::Fixed { .. } => {
+                match decode_internal(inner, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)? {
+                    Value::Fixed(_, bytes) => Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes))),
+                    value => Err(Error::FixedValue(value.into())),
+                }
+            }
+            Schema::Bytes => match decode_internal(inner, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)? {
+                Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes))),
+                value => Err(Error::BytesValue(value.into())),
+            },
+            schema => Err(Error::ResolveDecimalSchema(schema.into())),
+        },
+        Schema::BigDecimal => {
+            match decode_internal(&Schema::Bytes, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)? {
+                Value::Bytes(bytes) => deserialize_big_decimal(&bytes).map(Value::BigDecimal),
+                value => Err(Error::BytesValue(value.into())),
+            }
+        }
+        Schema::Uuid => {
+            let len = decode_len(reader)?;
+            let mut bytes = vec![0u8; len];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut bytes).map_err(Error::ReadIntoBuf)?;
+
+            // use a Vec to be able re-read the bytes more than once if needed
+            let mut reader = Vec::with_capacity(len + 1);
+            encode_long(len as i64, &mut reader);
+            reader.extend_from_slice(&bytes);
+
+            let decode_from_string = |reader| match decode_internal(
+                &Schema::String,
+                names,
+                enclosing_namespace,
+                reader,
+            )? {
+                Value::String(ref s) => Uuid::from_str(s).map_err(Error::ConvertStrToUuid),
+                value => Err(Error::GetUuidFromStringValue(value.into())),
+            };
+
+            let uuid: Uuid = if len == 16 {
+                // most probably a Fixed schema
+                let fixed_result = decode_internal(
+                    &Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                        size: 16,
+                        name: "uuid".into(),
+                        aliases: None,
+                        doc: None,
+                        default: None,
+                        attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }),
+                    names,
+                    enclosing_namespace,
+                    &mut bytes.as_slice(),
+                );
+                if fixed_result.is_ok() {
+                    match fixed_result? {
+                        Value::Fixed(ref size, ref bytes) => {
+                            if *size != 16 {
+                                return Err(Error::ConvertFixedToUuid(*size));
+                            }
+                            Uuid::from_slice(bytes).map_err(Error::ConvertSliceToUuid)?
+                        }
+                        _ => decode_from_string(&mut reader.as_slice())?,
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // try to decode as string
+                    decode_from_string(&mut reader.as_slice())?
+                }
+            } else {
+                // definitely a string
+                decode_from_string(&mut reader.as_slice())?
+            };
+            Ok(Value::Uuid(uuid))
+        }
+        Schema::Int => decode_int(reader),
+        Schema::Date => zag_i32(reader).map(Value::Date),
+        Schema::TimeMillis => zag_i32(reader).map(Value::TimeMillis),
+        Schema::Long => decode_long(reader),
+        Schema::TimeMicros => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimeMicros),
+        Schema::TimestampMillis => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimestampMillis),
+        Schema::TimestampMicros => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimestampMicros),
+        Schema::TimestampNanos => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimestampNanos),
+        Schema::LocalTimestampMillis => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::LocalTimestampMillis),
+        Schema::LocalTimestampMicros => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::LocalTimestampMicros),
+        Schema::LocalTimestampNanos => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::LocalTimestampNanos),
+        Schema::Duration => {
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 12];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(Error::ReadDuration)?;
+            Ok(Value::Duration(Duration::from(buf)))
+        }
+        Schema::Float => {
+            let mut buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<f32>()];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut buf[..]).map_err(Error::ReadFloat)?;
+            Ok(Value::Float(f32::from_le_bytes(buf)))
+        }
+        Schema::Double => {
+            let mut buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<f64>()];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut buf[..]).map_err(Error::ReadDouble)?;
+            Ok(Value::Double(f64::from_le_bytes(buf)))
+        }
+        Schema::Bytes => {
+            let len = decode_len(reader)?;
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(Error::ReadBytes)?;
+            Ok(Value::Bytes(buf))
+        }
+        Schema::String => {
+            let len = decode_len(reader)?;
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
+            match reader.read_exact(&mut buf) {
+                Ok(_) => Ok(Value::String(
+                    String::from_utf8(buf).map_err(Error::ConvertToUtf8)?,
+                )),
+                Err(io_err) => {
+                    if let ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof = io_err.kind() {
+                        Ok(Value::Null)
+                    } else {
+                        Err(Error::ReadString(io_err))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => {
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; size];
+            reader
+                .read_exact(&mut buf)
+                .map_err(|e| Error::ReadFixed(e, size))?;
+            Ok(Value::Fixed(size, buf))
+        }
+        Schema::Array(ref inner) => {
+            let mut items = Vec::new();
+
+            loop {
+                let len = decode_seq_len(reader)?;
+                if len == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                items.reserve(len);
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    items.push(decode_internal(
+                        &inner.items,
+                        names,
+                        enclosing_namespace,
+                        reader,
+                    )?);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Ok(Value::Array(items))
+        }
+        Schema::Map(ref inner) => {
+            let mut items = HashMap::new();
+
+            loop {
+                let len = decode_seq_len(reader)?;
+                if len == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                items.reserve(len);
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    match decode_internal(&Schema::String, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)? {
+                        Value::String(key) => {
+                            let value =
+                                decode_internal(&inner.types, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)?;
+                            items.insert(key, value);
+                        }
+                        value => return Err(Error::MapKeyType(value.into())),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Ok(Value::Map(items))
+        }
+        Schema::Union(ref inner) => match zag_i64(reader) {
+            Ok(index) => {
+                let variants = inner.variants();
+                let variant = variants
+                    .get(usize::try_from(index).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, index))?)
+                    .ok_or(Error::GetUnionVariant {
+                        index,
+                        num_variants: variants.len(),
+                    })?;
+                let value = decode_internal(variant, names, enclosing_namespace, reader)?;
+                Ok(Value::Union(index as u32, Box::new(value)))
+            }
+            Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err)) => {
+                if let ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof = io_err.kind() {
+                    Ok(Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)))
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(io_err) => Err(io_err),
+        },
+        Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            ref name,
+            ref fields,
+            ..
+        }) => {
+            let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+            // Benchmarks indicate ~10% improvement using this method.
+            let mut items = Vec::with_capacity(fields.len());
+            for field in fields {
+                // TODO: This clone is also expensive. See if we can do away with it...
+                items.push((
+                    field.name.clone(),
+                    decode_internal(
+                        &field.schema,
+                        names,
+                        &fully_qualified_name.namespace,
+                        reader,
+                    )?,
+                ));
+            }
+            Ok(Value::Record(items))
+        }
+        Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { ref symbols, .. }) => {
+            Ok(if let Value::Int(raw_index) = decode_int(reader)? {
+                let index = usize::try_from(raw_index)
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI32ToUsize(e, raw_index))?;
+                if (0..symbols.len()).contains(&index) {
+                    let symbol = symbols[index].clone();
+                    Value::Enum(raw_index as u32, symbol)
+                } else {
+                    return Err(Error::GetEnumValue {
+                        index,
+                        nsymbols: symbols.len(),
+                    });
+                }
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::GetEnumUnknownIndexValue);
+            })
+        }
+        Schema::Ref { ref name } => {
+            let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+            if let Some(resolved) = names.get(&fully_qualified_name) {
+                decode_internal(
+                    resolved.borrow(),
+                    names,
+                    &fully_qualified_name.namespace,
+                    reader,
+                )
+            } else {
+                Err(Error::SchemaResolutionError(fully_qualified_name))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_fun_call)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::{
+        decode::decode,
+        encode::{encode, tests::success},
+        schema::{DecimalSchema, FixedSchema, Schema},
+        types::{
+            Value,
+            Value::{Array, Int, Map},
+        },
+        Decimal,
+    };
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_array_without_size() -> TestResult {
+        let mut input: &[u8] = &[6, 2, 4, 6, 0];
+        let result = decode(&Schema::array(Schema::Int), &mut input);
+        assert_eq!(Array(vec!(Int(1), Int(2), Int(3))), result?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_array_with_size() -> TestResult {
+        let mut input: &[u8] = &[5, 6, 2, 4, 6, 0];
+        let result = decode(&Schema::array(Schema::Int), &mut input);
+        assert_eq!(Array(vec!(Int(1), Int(2), Int(3))), result?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_map_without_size() -> TestResult {
+        let mut input: &[u8] = &[0x02, 0x08, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x02, 0x00];
+        let result = decode(&Schema::map(Schema::Int), &mut input);
+        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
+        expected.insert(String::from("test"), Int(1));
+        assert_eq!(Map(expected), result?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_map_with_size() -> TestResult {
+        let mut input: &[u8] = &[0x01, 0x0C, 0x08, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x02, 0x00];
+        let result = decode(&Schema::map(Schema::Int), &mut input);
+        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
+        expected.insert(String::from("test"), Int(1));
+        assert_eq!(Map(expected), result?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_negative_decimal_value() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::{encode::encode, schema::Name};
+        use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
+        let inner = Box::new(Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            size: 2,
+            doc: None,
+            name: Name::new("decimal")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        }));
+        let schema = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            inner,
+            precision: 4,
+            scale: 2,
+        });
+        let bigint = (-423).to_bigint().unwrap();
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bigint.to_signed_bytes_be()));
+
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer).expect(&success(&value, &schema));
+
+        let mut bytes = &buffer[..];
+        let result = decode(&schema, &mut bytes)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, value);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_decimal_with_bigger_than_necessary_size() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::{encode::encode, schema::Name};
+        use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
+        let inner = Box::new(Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            size: 13,
+            name: Name::new("decimal")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        }));
+        let schema = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            inner,
+            precision: 4,
+            scale: 2,
+        });
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(
+            ((-423).to_bigint().unwrap()).to_signed_bytes_be(),
+        ));
+        let mut buffer = Vec::<u8>::new();
+
+        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer).expect(&success(&value, &schema));
+        let mut bytes: &[u8] = &buffer[..];
+        let result = decode(&schema, &mut bytes)?;
+        assert_eq!(result, value);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_recursive_definition_decode_union() -> TestResult {
+        // if encoding fails in this test check the corresponding test in encode
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":[ "null", {
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_value1))),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_value1, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_value1,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to decode using recursive definitions with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let outer_value2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null))),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value2, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value2, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_value2,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to decode using recursive definitions with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_recursive_definition_decode_array() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": "Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Array(vec![inner_value1])),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2),
+        ]);
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_value,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to decode using recursive definitions with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_recursive_definition_decode_map() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values": {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": "Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "a".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value1)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2),
+        ]);
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_value,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to decode using recursive definitions with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_proper_multi_level_decoding_middle_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        // if encoding fails in this test check the corresponding test in encode
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "middle_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_1,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_2,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_3,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_proper_multi_level_decoding_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        // if encoding fails in this test check the corresponding test in encode
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "namespace":"inner_namespace",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_1,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_2,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema));
+        let mut bytes = &buf[..];
+        assert_eq!(
+            outer_record_variation_3,
+            decode(&schema, &mut bytes).expect(&format!(
+                "Failed to Decode with recursively defined namespace with schema:\n {:?}\n",
+                &schema
+            ))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3926_encode_decode_uuid_to_string() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::encode::encode;
+
+        let schema = Schema::String;
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")?);
+
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer).expect(&success(&value, &schema));
+
+        let result = decode(&Schema::Uuid, &mut &buffer[..])?;
+        assert_eq!(result, value);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3926_encode_decode_uuid_to_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::encode::encode;
+
+        let schema = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            size: 16,
+            name: "uuid".into(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")?);
+
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer).expect(&success(&value, &schema));
+
+        let result = decode(&Schema::Uuid, &mut &buffer[..])?;
+        assert_eq!(result, value);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/duration.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/duration.rs
similarity index 72%
rename from lang/rust/src/duration.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/duration.rs
index 378c891cb79..4aa6bd53a0c 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/duration.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/duration.rs
@@ -14,97 +14,87 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
-
-use byteorder::LittleEndian;
-use zerocopy::U32;
-
 /// A struct representing duration that hides the details of endianness and conversion between
 /// platform-native u32 and byte arrays.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Duration {
     months: Months,
     days: Days,
     millis: Millis,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Months(U32<LittleEndian>);
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Months(u32);
 
 impl Months {
     pub fn new(months: u32) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::new(months))
+        Self(months)
+    }
+
+    fn as_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.0.to_le_bytes()
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Months> for u32 {
     fn from(days: Months) -> Self {
-        days.0.get()
+        days.0
     }
 }
 
 impl From<[u8; 4]> for Months {
     fn from(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::from(bytes))
+        Self(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes))
     }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<[u8; 4]> for Months {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8; 4] {
-        self.0.as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Days(U32<LittleEndian>);
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Days(u32);
 
 impl Days {
     pub fn new(days: u32) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::new(days))
+        Self(days)
+    }
+
+    fn as_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.0.to_le_bytes()
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Days> for u32 {
     fn from(days: Days) -> Self {
-        days.0.get()
+        days.0
     }
 }
 
 impl From<[u8; 4]> for Days {
     fn from(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::from(bytes))
+        Self(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes))
     }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<[u8; 4]> for Days {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8; 4] {
-        self.0.as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Millis(U32<LittleEndian>);
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Millis(u32);
 
 impl Millis {
     pub fn new(millis: u32) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::new(millis))
+        Self(millis)
+    }
+
+    fn as_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.0.to_le_bytes()
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Millis> for u32 {
     fn from(days: Millis) -> Self {
-        days.0.get()
+        days.0
     }
 }
 
 impl From<[u8; 4]> for Millis {
     fn from(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
-        Self(U32::from(bytes))
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsRef<[u8; 4]> for Millis {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8; 4] {
-        self.0.as_ref()
+        Self(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes))
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,9 +127,9 @@ impl Duration {
 impl From<Duration> for [u8; 12] {
     fn from(duration: Duration) -> Self {
         let mut bytes = [0u8; 12];
-        bytes[0..4].copy_from_slice(duration.months.as_ref());
-        bytes[4..8].copy_from_slice(duration.days.as_ref());
-        bytes[8..12].copy_from_slice(duration.millis.as_ref());
+        bytes[0..4].copy_from_slice(&duration.months.as_bytes());
+        bytes[4..8].copy_from_slice(&duration.days.as_bytes());
+        bytes[8..12].copy_from_slice(&duration.millis.as_bytes());
         bytes
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/encode.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/encode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..214673ec9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/encode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::{
+    bigdecimal::serialize_big_decimal,
+    schema::{
+        DecimalSchema, EnumSchema, FixedSchema, Name, Namespace, RecordSchema, ResolvedSchema,
+        Schema, SchemaKind, UnionSchema,
+    },
+    types::{Value, ValueKind},
+    util::{zig_i32, zig_i64},
+    AvroResult, Error,
+};
+use std::{borrow::Borrow, collections::HashMap};
+
+/// Encode a `Value` into avro format.
+///
+/// **NOTE** This will not perform schema validation. The value is assumed to
+/// be valid with regards to the schema. Schema are needed only to guide the
+/// encoding for complex type values.
+pub fn encode(value: &Value, schema: &Schema, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schema)?;
+    encode_internal(value, schema, rs.get_names(), &None, buffer)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_bytes<B: AsRef<[u8]> + ?Sized>(s: &B, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+    let bytes = s.as_ref();
+    encode_long(bytes.len() as i64, buffer);
+    buffer.extend_from_slice(bytes);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_long(i: i64, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+    zig_i64(i, buffer)
+}
+
+fn encode_int(i: i32, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+    zig_i32(i, buffer)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_internal<S: Borrow<Schema>>(
+    value: &Value,
+    schema: &Schema,
+    names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+    enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    if let Schema::Ref { ref name } = schema {
+        let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+        let resolved = names
+            .get(&fully_qualified_name)
+            .ok_or(Error::SchemaResolutionError(fully_qualified_name))?;
+        return encode_internal(value, resolved.borrow(), names, enclosing_namespace, buffer);
+    }
+
+    match value {
+        Value::Null => {
+            if let Schema::Union(union) = schema {
+                match union.schemas.iter().position(|sch| *sch == Schema::Null) {
+                    None => {
+                        return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                            value_kind: ValueKind::Null,
+                            supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Null, SchemaKind::Union],
+                        })
+                    }
+                    Some(p) => encode_long(p as i64, buffer),
+                }
+            } // else {()}
+        }
+        Value::Boolean(b) => buffer.push(u8::from(*b)),
+        // Pattern | Pattern here to signify that these _must_ have the same encoding.
+        Value::Int(i) | Value::Date(i) | Value::TimeMillis(i) => encode_int(*i, buffer),
+        Value::Long(i)
+        | Value::TimestampMillis(i)
+        | Value::TimestampMicros(i)
+        | Value::TimestampNanos(i)
+        | Value::LocalTimestampMillis(i)
+        | Value::LocalTimestampMicros(i)
+        | Value::LocalTimestampNanos(i)
+        | Value::TimeMicros(i) => encode_long(*i, buffer),
+        Value::Float(x) => buffer.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes()),
+        Value::Double(x) => buffer.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes()),
+        Value::Decimal(decimal) => match schema {
+            Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema { inner, .. }) => match *inner.clone() {
+                Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => {
+                    let bytes = decimal.to_sign_extended_bytes_with_len(size).unwrap();
+                    let num_bytes = bytes.len();
+                    if num_bytes != size {
+                        return Err(Error::EncodeDecimalAsFixedError(num_bytes, size));
+                    }
+                    encode(&Value::Fixed(size, bytes), inner, buffer)?
+                }
+                Schema::Bytes => encode(&Value::Bytes(decimal.try_into()?), inner, buffer)?,
+                _ => {
+                    return Err(Error::ResolveDecimalSchema(SchemaKind::from(
+                        *inner.clone(),
+                    )));
+                }
+            },
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Decimal,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Decimal],
+                });
+            }
+        },
+        &Value::Duration(duration) => {
+            let slice: [u8; 12] = duration.into();
+            buffer.extend_from_slice(&slice);
+        }
+        Value::Uuid(uuid) => match *schema {
+            Schema::Uuid | Schema::String => encode_bytes(
+                // we need the call .to_string() to properly convert ASCII to UTF-8
+                #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_to_owned)]
+                &uuid.to_string(),
+                buffer,
+            ),
+            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => {
+                if size != 16 {
+                    return Err(Error::ConvertFixedToUuid(size));
+                }
+
+                let bytes = uuid.as_bytes();
+                encode_bytes(bytes, buffer)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Uuid,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Uuid, SchemaKind::Fixed],
+                });
+            }
+        },
+        Value::BigDecimal(bg) => {
+            let buf: Vec<u8> = serialize_big_decimal(bg);
+            buffer.extend_from_slice(buf.as_slice());
+        }
+        Value::Bytes(bytes) => match *schema {
+            Schema::Bytes => encode_bytes(bytes, buffer),
+            Schema::Fixed { .. } => buffer.extend(bytes),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Bytes,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Bytes, SchemaKind::Fixed],
+                });
+            }
+        },
+        Value::String(s) => match *schema {
+            Schema::String | Schema::Uuid => {
+                encode_bytes(s, buffer);
+            }
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { ref symbols, .. }) => {
+                if let Some(index) = symbols.iter().position(|item| item == s) {
+                    encode_int(index as i32, buffer);
+                } else {
+                    error!("Invalid symbol string {:?}.", &s[..]);
+                    return Err(Error::GetEnumSymbol(s.clone()));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::String,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::String, SchemaKind::Enum],
+                });
+            }
+        },
+        Value::Fixed(_, bytes) => buffer.extend(bytes),
+        Value::Enum(i, _) => encode_int(*i as i32, buffer),
+        Value::Union(idx, item) => {
+            if let Schema::Union(ref inner) = *schema {
+                let inner_schema = inner
+                    .schemas
+                    .get(*idx as usize)
+                    .expect("Invalid Union validation occurred");
+                encode_long(*idx as i64, buffer);
+                encode_internal(item, inner_schema, names, enclosing_namespace, buffer)?;
+            } else {
+                error!("invalid schema type for Union: {:?}", schema);
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Union,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Union],
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Array(items) => {
+            if let Schema::Array(ref inner) = *schema {
+                if !items.is_empty() {
+                    encode_long(items.len() as i64, buffer);
+                    for item in items.iter() {
+                        encode_internal(item, &inner.items, names, enclosing_namespace, buffer)?;
+                    }
+                }
+                buffer.push(0u8);
+            } else {
+                error!("invalid schema type for Array: {:?}", schema);
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Array,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Array],
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Map(items) => {
+            if let Schema::Map(ref inner) = *schema {
+                if !items.is_empty() {
+                    encode_long(items.len() as i64, buffer);
+                    for (key, value) in items {
+                        encode_bytes(key, buffer);
+                        encode_internal(value, &inner.types, names, enclosing_namespace, buffer)?;
+                    }
+                }
+                buffer.push(0u8);
+            } else {
+                error!("invalid schema type for Map: {:?}", schema);
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Map,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Map],
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        Value::Record(value_fields) => {
+            if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                ref name,
+                fields: ref schema_fields,
+                ..
+            }) = *schema
+            {
+                let record_namespace = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace).namespace;
+
+                let mut lookup = HashMap::new();
+                value_fields.iter().for_each(|(name, field)| {
+                    lookup.insert(name, field);
+                });
+
+                for schema_field in schema_fields.iter() {
+                    let name = &schema_field.name;
+                    let value_opt = lookup.get(name).or_else(|| {
+                        if let Some(aliases) = &schema_field.aliases {
+                            aliases.iter().find_map(|alias| lookup.get(alias))
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    if let Some(value) = value_opt {
+                        encode_internal(
+                            value,
+                            &schema_field.schema,
+                            names,
+                            &record_namespace,
+                            buffer,
+                        )?;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(Error::NoEntryInLookupTable(
+                            name.clone(),
+                            format!("{lookup:?}"),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if let Schema::Union(UnionSchema { schemas, .. }) = schema {
+                let original_size = buffer.len();
+                for (index, schema) in schemas.iter().enumerate() {
+                    encode_long(index as i64, buffer);
+                    match encode_internal(value, schema, names, enclosing_namespace, buffer) {
+                        Ok(_) => return Ok(()),
+                        Err(_) => {
+                            buffer.truncate(original_size); //undo any partial encoding
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Record,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Record, SchemaKind::Union],
+                });
+            } else {
+                error!("invalid schema type for Record: {:?}", schema);
+                return Err(Error::EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+                    value_kind: ValueKind::Record,
+                    supported_schema: vec![SchemaKind::Record, SchemaKind::Union],
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn encode_to_vec(value: &Value, schema: &Schema) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+    encode(value, schema, &mut buffer)?;
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_fun_call)]
+pub(crate) mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    pub(crate) fn success(value: &Value, schema: &Schema) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "Value: {:?}\n should encode with schema:\n{:?}",
+            &value, &schema
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_empty_array() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let empty: Vec<Value> = Vec::new();
+        encode(
+            &Value::Array(empty.clone()),
+            &Schema::array(Schema::Int),
+            &mut buf,
+        )
+        .expect(&success(&Value::Array(empty), &Schema::array(Schema::Int)));
+        assert_eq!(vec![0u8], buf);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_empty_map() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let empty: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::new();
+        encode(
+            &Value::Map(empty.clone()),
+            &Schema::map(Schema::Int),
+            &mut buf,
+        )
+        .expect(&success(&Value::Map(empty), &Schema::map(Schema::Int)));
+        assert_eq!(vec![0u8], buf);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_record() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"TestStruct",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name":"a",
+                        "type":{
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"b",
+                        "type":"Inner"
+                    }
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value =
+            Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), inner_value1), ("b".into(), inner_value2)]);
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_array() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"TestStruct",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name":"a",
+                        "type":{
+                            "type":"array",
+                            "items": {
+                                "type":"record",
+                                "name": "Inner",
+                                "fields": [ {
+                                    "name":"z",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                }]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"b",
+                        "type": {
+                            "type":"map",
+                            "values":"Inner"
+                        }
+                    }
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Array(vec![inner_value1])),
+            (
+                "b".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_map() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"TestStruct",
+                "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"Inner"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), inner_value1),
+            (
+                "b".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_record_wrapper() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "InnerWrapper",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"j",
+                            "type":"Inner"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "j".into(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]),
+        )]);
+        let outer_value =
+            Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), inner_value1), ("b".into(), inner_value2)]);
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_map_and_array() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values": {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"Inner"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "a".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+            ("b".into(), Value::Array(vec![inner_value1])),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_definition_encode_union() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":["null", {
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_value1))),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2.clone()),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value1, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+
+        buf.drain(..);
+        let outer_value2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null))),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2),
+        ]);
+        encode(&outer_value2, &schema, &mut buf).expect(&success(&outer_value1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_proper_multi_level_encoding_outer_namespace() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_proper_multi_level_encoding_middle_namespace() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "middle_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3448_proper_multi_level_encoding_inner_namespace() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "namespace":"inner_namespace",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_1, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_2, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+        buf.drain(..);
+        encode(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema, &mut buf)
+            .expect(&success(&outer_record_variation_3, &schema));
+        assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3585_encode_uuids() {
+        let value = Value::String(String::from("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"));
+        let schema = Schema::Uuid;
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        let encoded = encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer);
+        assert!(encoded.is_ok());
+        assert!(!buffer.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3926_encode_decode_uuid_to_fixed_wrong_schema_size() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            size: 15,
+            name: "uuid".into(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")?);
+
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        match encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer) {
+            Err(Error::ConvertFixedToUuid(actual)) => {
+                assert_eq!(actual, 15);
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Error::ConvertFixedToUuid"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/error.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/error.rs
similarity index 60%
rename from lang/rust/src/error.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/error.rs
index 8f38f76192d..6e0de0dcb44 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/error.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/error.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use crate::{schema::SchemaKind, types::ValueKind};
-use std::fmt;
+use crate::{
+    schema::{Name, Schema, SchemaKind},
+    types::{Value, ValueKind},
+};
+use std::{error::Error as _, fmt};
 
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
     #[error("Bad Snappy CRC32; expected {expected:x} but got {actual:x}")]
     SnappyCrc32 { expected: u32, actual: u32 },
@@ -44,10 +47,21 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Invalid utf-8 string")]
     ConvertToUtf8(#[source] std::string::FromUtf8Error),
 
+    #[error("Invalid utf-8 string")]
+    ConvertToUtf8Error(#[source] std::str::Utf8Error),
+
     /// Describes errors happened while validating Avro data.
     #[error("Value does not match schema")]
     Validation,
 
+    /// Describes errors happened while validating Avro data.
+    #[error("Value {value:?} does not match schema {schema:?}: Reason: {reason}")]
+    ValidationWithReason {
+        value: Value,
+        schema: Schema,
+        reason: String,
+    },
+
     #[error("Unable to allocate {desired} bytes (maximum allowed: {maximum})")]
     MemoryAllocation { desired: usize, maximum: usize },
 
@@ -79,6 +93,12 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Failed to convert &str to UUID")]
     ConvertStrToUuid(#[source] uuid::Error),
 
+    #[error("Failed to convert Fixed bytes to UUID. It must be exactly 16 bytes, got {0}")]
+    ConvertFixedToUuid(usize),
+
+    #[error("Failed to convert Fixed bytes to UUID")]
+    ConvertSliceToUuid(#[source] uuid::Error),
+
     #[error("Map key is not a string; key type is {0:?}")]
     MapKeyType(ValueKind),
 
@@ -88,8 +108,11 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Enum symbol index out of bounds: {num_variants}")]
     EnumSymbolIndex { index: usize, num_variants: usize },
 
-    #[error("Enum symbol not found")]
-    GetEnumSymbol,
+    #[error("Enum symbol not found {0}")]
+    GetEnumSymbol(String),
+
+    #[error("Unable to decode enum index")]
+    GetEnumUnknownIndexValue,
 
     #[error("Scale {scale} is greater than precision {precision}")]
     GetScaleAndPrecision { scale: usize, precision: usize },
@@ -102,6 +125,9 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("expected UUID, got: {0:?}")]
     GetUuid(ValueKind),
 
+    #[error("expected BigDecimal, got: {0:?}")]
+    GetBigdecimal(ValueKind),
+
     #[error("Fixed bytes of size 12 expected, got Fixed of size {0}")]
     GetDecimalFixedBytes(usize),
 
@@ -138,6 +164,18 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("TimestampMicros expected, got {0:?}")]
     GetTimestampMicros(ValueKind),
 
+    #[error("TimestampNanos expected, got {0:?}")]
+    GetTimestampNanos(ValueKind),
+
+    #[error("LocalTimestampMillis expected, got {0:?}")]
+    GetLocalTimestampMillis(ValueKind),
+
+    #[error("LocalTimestampMicros expected, got {0:?}")]
+    GetLocalTimestampMicros(ValueKind),
+
+    #[error("LocalTimestampNanos expected, got {0:?}")]
+    GetLocalTimestampNanos(ValueKind),
+
     #[error("Null expected, got {0:?}")]
     GetNull(ValueKind),
 
@@ -186,6 +224,9 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Could not find matching type in union")]
     FindUnionVariant,
 
+    #[error("Union type should not be empty")]
+    EmptyUnion,
+
     #[error("Array({expected:?}) expected, got {other:?}")]
     GetArray {
         expected: SchemaKind,
@@ -216,6 +257,12 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Unions cannot contain duplicate types")]
     GetUnionDuplicate,
 
+    #[error("One union type {0:?} must match the `default`'s value type {1:?}")]
+    GetDefaultUnion(SchemaKind, ValueKind),
+
+    #[error("`default`'s value type of field {0:?} in {1:?} must be {2:?}")]
+    GetDefaultRecordField(String, String, String),
+
     #[error("JSON value {0} claims to be u64 but cannot be converted")]
     GetU64FromJson(serde_json::Number),
 
@@ -225,6 +272,9 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Cannot convert u64 to usize: {1}")]
     ConvertU64ToUsize(#[source] std::num::TryFromIntError, u64),
 
+    #[error("Cannot convert u32 to usize: {1}")]
+    ConvertU32ToUsize(#[source] std::num::TryFromIntError, u32),
+
     #[error("Cannot convert i64 to usize: {1}")]
     ConvertI64ToUsize(#[source] std::num::TryFromIntError, i64),
 
@@ -237,26 +287,44 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Failed to parse schema from JSON")]
     ParseSchemaJson(#[source] serde_json::Error),
 
+    #[error("Failed to read schema")]
+    ReadSchemaFromReader(#[source] std::io::Error),
+
     #[error("Must be a JSON string, object or array")]
     ParseSchemaFromValidJson,
 
-    #[error("Unknown primitiive type: {0}")]
+    #[error("Unknown primitive type: {0}")]
     ParsePrimitive(String),
 
-    #[error("invalid JSON for {key:?}: {precision:?}")]
-    GetDecimalPrecisionFromJson {
+    #[error("invalid JSON for {key:?}: {value:?}")]
+    GetDecimalMetadataValueFromJson {
         key: String,
-        precision: serde_json::Value,
+        value: serde_json::Value,
     },
 
+    #[error("The decimal precision ({precision}) must be bigger or equal to the scale ({scale})")]
+    DecimalPrecisionLessThanScale { precision: usize, scale: usize },
+
+    #[error("The decimal precision ({precision}) must be a positive number")]
+    DecimalPrecisionMuBePositive { precision: usize },
+
+    #[error("Unreadable big decimal sign")]
+    BigDecimalSign,
+
+    #[error("Unreadable length for big decimal inner bytes: {0}")]
+    BigDecimalLen(#[source] Box<Error>),
+
+    #[error("Unreadable big decimal scale")]
+    BigDecimalScale,
+
     #[error("Unexpected `type` {0} variant for `logicalType`")]
     GetLogicalTypeVariant(serde_json::Value),
 
     #[error("No `type` field found for `logicalType`")]
     GetLogicalTypeField,
 
-    #[error("logicalType must be a string")]
-    GetLogicalTypeFieldType,
+    #[error("logicalType must be a string, but is {0:?}")]
+    GetLogicalTypeFieldType(serde_json::Value),
 
     #[error("Unknown complex type: {0}")]
     GetComplexType(serde_json::Value),
@@ -276,23 +344,44 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Invalid enum symbol name {0}")]
     EnumSymbolName(String),
 
+    #[error("Invalid field name {0}")]
+    FieldName(String),
+
+    #[error("Duplicate field name {0}")]
+    FieldNameDuplicate(String),
+
+    #[error("Invalid schema name {0}. It must match the regex '{1}'")]
+    InvalidSchemaName(String, &'static str),
+
+    #[error("Invalid namespace {0}. It must match the regex '{1}'")]
+    InvalidNamespace(String, &'static str),
+
     #[error("Duplicate enum symbol {0}")]
     EnumSymbolDuplicate(String),
 
+    #[error("Default value for enum must be a string! Got: {0}")]
+    EnumDefaultWrongType(serde_json::Value),
+
     #[error("No `items` in array")]
     GetArrayItemsField,
 
     #[error("No `values` in map")]
     GetMapValuesField,
 
-    #[error("No `size` in fixed")]
+    #[error("Fixed schema `size` value must be a positive integer: {0}")]
+    GetFixedSizeFieldPositive(serde_json::Value),
+
+    #[error("Fixed schema has no `size`")]
     GetFixedSizeField,
 
+    #[error("Fixed schema's default value length ({0}) does not match its size ({1})")]
+    FixedDefaultLenSizeMismatch(usize, u64),
+
     #[error("Failed to compress with flate")]
     DeflateCompress(#[source] std::io::Error),
 
     #[error("Failed to finish flate compressor")]
-    DeflateCompressFinish(std::io::Error),
+    DeflateCompressFinish(#[source] std::io::Error),
 
     #[error("Failed to decompress with flate")]
     DeflateDecompress(#[source] std::io::Error),
@@ -309,12 +398,21 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Failed to decompress with snappy")]
     SnappyDecompress(#[source] snap::Error),
 
+    #[error("Failed to compress with zstd")]
+    ZstdCompress(#[source] std::io::Error),
+
+    #[error("Failed to decompress with zstd")]
+    ZstdDecompress(#[source] std::io::Error),
+
     #[error("Failed to read header")]
     ReadHeader(#[source] std::io::Error),
 
     #[error("wrong magic in header")]
     HeaderMagic,
 
+    #[error("Message Header mismatch. Expected: {0:?}. Actual: {1:?}")]
+    SingleObjectHeaderMismatch([u8; 10], [u8; 10]),
+
     #[error("Failed to get JSON from avro.schema key in map")]
     GetAvroSchemaFromMap,
 
@@ -363,6 +461,83 @@ pub enum Error {
     /// Error while converting float to json value
     #[error("failed to convert avro float to json: {0}")]
     ConvertF64ToJson(f64),
+
+    /// Error while resolving Schema::Ref
+    #[error("Unresolved schema reference: {0}")]
+    SchemaResolutionError(Name),
+
+    #[error("The file metadata is already flushed.")]
+    FileHeaderAlreadyWritten,
+
+    #[error("Metadata keys starting with 'avro.' are reserved for internal usage: {0}.")]
+    InvalidMetadataKey(String),
+
+    /// Error when two named schema have the same fully qualified name
+    #[error("Two named schema defined for same fullname: {0}.")]
+    AmbiguousSchemaDefinition(Name),
+
+    #[error("Signed decimal bytes length {0} not equal to fixed schema size {1}.")]
+    EncodeDecimalAsFixedError(usize, usize),
+
+    #[error("There is no entry for '{0}' in the lookup table: {1}.")]
+    NoEntryInLookupTable(String, String),
+
+    #[error("Can only encode value type {value_kind:?} as one of {supported_schema:?}")]
+    EncodeValueAsSchemaError {
+        value_kind: ValueKind,
+        supported_schema: Vec<SchemaKind>,
+    },
+    #[error(
+        "Internal buffer not drained properly. Re-initialize the single object writer struct!"
+    )]
+    IllegalSingleObjectWriterState,
+
+    #[error("Codec '{0}' is not supported/enabled")]
+    CodecNotSupported(String),
+
+    #[error("Invalid Avro data! Cannot read codec type from value that is not Value::Bytes.")]
+    BadCodecMetadata,
+}
+
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CompatibilityError {
+    #[error("Incompatible schema types! Writer schema is '{writer_schema_type}', but reader schema is '{reader_schema_type}'")]
+    WrongType {
+        writer_schema_type: String,
+        reader_schema_type: String,
+    },
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schema types! The {schema_type} should have been {expected_type:?}")]
+    TypeExpected {
+        schema_type: String,
+        expected_type: Vec<SchemaKind>,
+    },
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! Field '{0}' in reader schema does not match the type in the writer schema")]
+    FieldTypeMismatch(String, #[source] Box<CompatibilityError>),
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! Field '{0}' in reader schema must have a default value")]
+    MissingDefaultValue(String),
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! Reader's symbols must contain all writer's symbols")]
+    MissingSymbols,
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! All elements in union must match for both schemas")]
+    MissingUnionElements,
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! Name and size don't match for fixed")]
+    FixedMismatch,
+
+    #[error("Incompatible schemata! The name must be the same for both schemas. Writer's name {writer_name} and reader's name {reader_name}")]
+    NameMismatch {
+        writer_name: String,
+        reader_name: String,
+    },
+
+    #[error(
+        "Incompatible schemata! Unknown type for '{0}'. Make sure that the type is a valid one"
+    )]
+    Inconclusive(String),
 }
 
 impl serde::ser::Error for Error {
@@ -376,3 +551,23 @@ impl serde::de::Error for Error {
         Error::DeserializeValue(msg.to_string())
     }
 }
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut msg = self.to_string();
+        if let Some(e) = self.source() {
+            msg.extend([": ", &e.to_string()]);
+        }
+        write!(f, "{}", msg)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for CompatibilityError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut msg = self.to_string();
+        if let Some(e) = self.source() {
+            msg.extend([": ", &e.to_string()]);
+        }
+        write!(f, "{}", msg)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/lib.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/lib.rs
similarity index 79%
rename from lang/rust/src/lib.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/lib.rs
index 21530d9a65a..fa9ed5dd1a3 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
 
 //! A library for working with [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) in Rust.
 //!
-//! Please check our [documentation](https://docs.rs/avro-rs) for examples, tutorials and API reference.
+//! Please check our [documentation](https://docs.rs/apache-avro) for examples, tutorials and API reference.
 //!
 //! **[Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/)** is a data serialization system which provides rich
 //! data structures and a compact, fast, binary data format.
 //!
 //! All data in Avro is schematized, as in the following example:
 //!
-//! ```text
+//! ```json
 //! {
 //!     "type": "record",
 //!     "name": "test",
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 //! * **as generic Rust serde-compatible types** implementing/deriving `Serialize` and
 //! `Deserialize`;
 //!
-//! **avro-rs** provides a way to read and write both these data representations easily and
+//! **apache-avro** provides a way to read and write both these data representations easily and
 //! efficiently.
 //!
 //! # Installing the library
@@ -51,21 +51,45 @@
 //!
 //! ```toml
 //! [dependencies]
-//! avro-rs = "x.y"
+//! apache-avro = "x.y"
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Or in case you want to leverage the **Snappy** codec:
 //!
 //! ```toml
-//! [dependencies.avro-rs]
+//! [dependencies.apache-avro]
 //! version = "x.y"
 //! features = ["snappy"]
 //! ```
 //!
+//! Or in case you want to leverage the **Zstandard** codec:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies.apache-avro]
+//! version = "x.y"
+//! features = ["zstandard"]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Or in case you want to leverage the **Bzip2** codec:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies.apache-avro]
+//! version = "x.y"
+//! features = ["bzip"]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Or in case you want to leverage the **Xz** codec:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies.apache-avro]
+//! version = "x.y"
+//! features = ["xz"]
+//! ```
+//!
 //! # Upgrading to a newer minor version
 //!
 //! The library is still in beta, so there might be backward-incompatible changes between minor
-//! versions. If you have troubles upgrading, check the [version upgrade guide](migration_guide.md).
+//! versions. If you have troubles upgrading, check the [version upgrade guide](https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/lang/rust/migration_guide.md).
 //!
 //! # Defining a schema
 //!
@@ -76,7 +100,7 @@
 //! Avro schemas are defined in **JSON** format and can just be parsed out of a raw string:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::Schema;
+//! use apache_avro::Schema;
 //!
 //! let raw_schema = r#"
 //!     {
@@ -100,7 +124,7 @@
 //! them will be parsed into the corresponding schemas.
 //!
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::Schema;
+//! use apache_avro::Schema;
 //!
 //! let raw_schema_1 = r#"{
 //!         "name": "A",
@@ -153,9 +177,9 @@
 //! associated type provided by the library to specify the data we want to serialize:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! use avro_rs::types::Record;
-//! use avro_rs::Writer;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! use apache_avro::types::Record;
+//! use apache_avro::Writer;
 //! #
 //! # let raw_schema = r#"
 //! #     {
@@ -191,7 +215,7 @@
 //! `Value` interface.
 //!
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::types::Value;
+//! use apache_avro::types::Value;
 //!
 //! let mut value = Value::String("foo".to_string());
 //! ```
@@ -202,9 +226,9 @@
 //! deriving `Serialize` to model our data:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
 //! # use serde::Serialize;
-//! use avro_rs::Writer;
+//! use apache_avro::Writer;
 //!
 //! #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 //! struct Test {
@@ -260,12 +284,18 @@
 //! * **Snappy**: uses Google's [Snappy](http://google.github.io/snappy/) compression library. Each
 //! compressed block is followed by the 4-byte, big-endianCRC32 checksum of the uncompressed data in
 //! the block. You must enable the `snappy` feature to use this codec.
+//! * **Zstandard**: uses Facebook's [Zstandard](https://facebook.github.io/zstd/) compression library.
+//! You must enable the `zstandard` feature to use this codec.
+//! * **Bzip2**: uses [BZip2](https://sourceware.org/bzip2/) compression library.
+//! You must enable the `bzip` feature to use this codec.
+//! * **Xz**: uses [xz2](https://github.com/alexcrichton/xz2-rs) compression library.
+//!   You must enable the `xz` feature to use this codec.
 //!
 //! To specify a codec to use to compress data, just specify it while creating a `Writer`:
 //! ```
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! use avro_rs::Writer;
-//! use avro_rs::Codec;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! use apache_avro::Writer;
+//! use apache_avro::Codec;
 //! #
 //! # let raw_schema = r#"
 //! #     {
@@ -288,10 +318,10 @@
 //! codec:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::Reader;
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! # use avro_rs::types::Record;
-//! # use avro_rs::Writer;
+//! use apache_avro::Reader;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! # use apache_avro::types::Record;
+//! # use apache_avro::Writer;
 //! #
 //! # let raw_schema = r#"
 //! #     {
@@ -317,10 +347,10 @@
 //! In case, instead, we want to specify a different (but compatible) reader schema from the schema
 //! the data has been written with, we can just do as the following:
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! use avro_rs::Reader;
-//! # use avro_rs::types::Record;
-//! # use avro_rs::Writer;
+//! use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! use apache_avro::Reader;
+//! # use apache_avro::types::Record;
+//! # use apache_avro::Writer;
 //! #
 //! # let writer_raw_schema = r#"
 //! #     {
@@ -376,10 +406,10 @@
 //! We can just read directly instances of `Value` out of the `Reader` iterator:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! # use avro_rs::types::Record;
-//! # use avro_rs::Writer;
-//! use avro_rs::Reader;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! # use apache_avro::types::Record;
+//! # use apache_avro::Writer;
+//! use apache_avro::Reader;
 //! #
 //! # let raw_schema = r#"
 //! #     {
@@ -414,11 +444,11 @@
 //! read the data into:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! # use avro_rs::Schema;
-//! # use avro_rs::Writer;
+//! # use apache_avro::Schema;
+//! # use apache_avro::Writer;
 //! # use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-//! use avro_rs::Reader;
-//! use avro_rs::from_value;
+//! use apache_avro::Reader;
+//! use apache_avro::from_value;
 //!
 //! # #[derive(Serialize)]
 //! #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -459,7 +489,7 @@
 //! quick reference of the library interface:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! use avro_rs::{Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer, from_value, types::Record, Error};
+//! use apache_avro::{Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer, from_value, types::Record, Error};
 //! use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 //!
 //! #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -509,12 +539,13 @@
 //! }
 //! ```
 //!
-//! `avro-rs` also supports the logical types listed in the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Logical+Types):
+//! `apache-avro` also supports the logical types listed in the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Logical+Types):
 //!
-//! 1. `Decimal` using the [`num_bigint`](https://docs.rs/num-bigint/0.2.6/num_bigint) crate
-//! 1. UUID using the [`uuid`](https://docs.rs/uuid/0.8.1/uuid) crate
+//! 1. `Decimal` using the [`num_bigint`](https://docs.rs/num-bigint/latest/num_bigint) crate
+//! 1. UUID using the [`uuid`](https://docs.rs/uuid/latest/uuid) crate
 //! 1. Date, Time (milli) as `i32` and Time (micro) as `i64`
 //! 1. Timestamp (milli and micro) as `i64`
+//! 1. Local timestamp (milli and micro) as `i64`
 //! 1. Duration as a custom type with `months`, `days` and `millis` accessor methods each of which returns an `i32`
 //!
 //! Note that the on-disk representation is identical to the underlying primitive/complex type.
@@ -522,7 +553,7 @@
 //! ### Read and write logical types
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! use avro_rs::{
+//! use apache_avro::{
 //!     types::Record, types::Value, Codec, Days, Decimal, Duration, Millis, Months, Reader, Schema,
 //!     Writer, Error,
 //! };
@@ -583,6 +614,16 @@
 //!           "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"
 //!         },
 //!         {
+//!           "name": "local_timestamp_millis",
+//!           "type": "long",
+//!           "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"
+//!         },
+//!         {
+//!           "name": "local_timestamp_micros",
+//!           "type": "long",
+//!           "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"
+//!         },
+//!         {
 //!           "name": "duration",
 //!           "type": {
 //!             "type": "fixed",
@@ -604,12 +645,16 @@
 //!     let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
 //!     record.put("decimal_fixed", Decimal::from(9936.to_bigint().unwrap().to_signed_bytes_be()));
 //!     record.put("decimal_var", Decimal::from((-32442.to_bigint().unwrap()).to_signed_bytes_be()));
-//!     record.put("uuid", uuid::Uuid::new_v4());
+//!     record.put("uuid", uuid::Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000").unwrap());
 //!     record.put("date", Value::Date(1));
 //!     record.put("time_millis", Value::TimeMillis(2));
 //!     record.put("time_micros", Value::TimeMicros(3));
 //!     record.put("timestamp_millis", Value::TimestampMillis(4));
 //!     record.put("timestamp_micros", Value::TimestampMicros(5));
+//!     record.put("timestamp_nanos", Value::TimestampNanos(6));
+//!     record.put("local_timestamp_millis", Value::LocalTimestampMillis(4));
+//!     record.put("local_timestamp_micros", Value::LocalTimestampMicros(5));
+//!     record.put("local_timestamp_nanos", Value::LocalTimestampMicros(6));
 //!     record.put("duration", Duration::new(Months::new(6), Days::new(7), Millis::new(8)));
 //!
 //!     writer.append(record)?;
@@ -635,8 +680,8 @@
 //! An example of fingerprinting for the supported fingerprints:
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! use avro_rs::rabin::Rabin;
-//! use avro_rs::{Schema, Error};
+//! use apache_avro::rabin::Rabin;
+//! use apache_avro::{Schema, Error};
 //! use md5::Md5;
 //! use sha2::Sha256;
 //!
@@ -668,7 +713,7 @@
 //! the bytes meant to contain the length of data are bogus and could result
 //! in extravagant memory allocation.
 //!
-//! To shield users from ill-formed data, `avro-rs` sets a limit (default: 512MB)
+//! To shield users from ill-formed data, `apache-avro` sets a limit (default: 512MB)
 //! to any allocation it will perform when decoding data.
 //!
 //! If you expect some of your data fields to be larger than this limit, be sure
@@ -680,7 +725,7 @@
 //!
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! use avro_rs::max_allocation_bytes;
+//! use apache_avro::max_allocation_bytes;
 //!
 //! max_allocation_bytes(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024);  // 2GB
 //!
@@ -692,9 +737,6 @@
 //!
 //! This library supports checking for schemas compatibility.
 //!
-//! Note: It does not yet support named schemas (more on
-//! https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/pull/76).
-//!
 //! Examples of checking for compatibility:
 //!
 //! 1. Compatible schemas
@@ -703,11 +745,11 @@
 //! (32bit signed integer) fits into a long (64bit signed integer)
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! use avro_rs::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
+//! use apache_avro::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
 //!
 //! let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
 //! let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
-//! assert_eq!(true, SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema));
+//! assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema).is_ok());
 //! ```
 //!
 //! 2. Incompatible schemas (a long array schema cannot be read by an int array schema)
@@ -716,13 +758,90 @@
 //! long (64bit signed integer) does not fit into an int (32bit signed integer)
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! use avro_rs::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
+//! use apache_avro::{Schema, schema_compatibility::SchemaCompatibility};
 //!
 //! let writers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap();
 //! let readers_schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap();
-//! assert_eq!(false, SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema));
+//! assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writers_schema, &readers_schema).is_err());
+//! ```
+//! ## Custom names validators
+//!
+//! By default the library follows the rules by the
+//! [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#names)!
+//!
+//! Some of the other Apache Avro language SDKs are not that strict and allow more
+//! characters in names. For interoperability with those SDKs, the library provides
+//! a way to customize the names validation.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use apache_avro::AvroResult;
+//! use apache_avro::schema::Namespace;
+//! use apache_avro::validator::{SchemaNameValidator, set_schema_name_validator};
+//!
+//! struct MyCustomValidator;
+//!
+//! impl SchemaNameValidator for MyCustomValidator {
+//!     fn validate(&self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+//!         todo!()
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! // don't parse any schema before registering the custom validator(s) !
+//!
+//! set_schema_name_validator(Box::new(MyCustomValidator));
+//!
+//! // ... use the library
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Similar logic could be applied to the schema namespace, enum symbols and field names validation.
+//!
+//! **Note**: the library allows to set a validator only once per the application lifetime!
+//! If the application parses schemas before setting a validator, the default validator will be
+//! registered and used!
+//!
+//! ## Custom schema equality comparators
+//!
+//! The library provides two implementations of schema equality comparators:
+//! 1. `SpecificationEq` - a comparator that serializes the schemas to their
+//! canonical forms (i.e. JSON) and compares them as strings. It is the only implementation
+//! until apache_avro 0.16.0.
+//! See the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas)
+//! for more information!
+//! 2. `StructFieldEq` - a comparator that compares the schemas structurally.
+//! It is faster than the `SpecificationEq` because it returns `false` as soon as a difference
+//! is found and is recommended for use!
+//! It is the default comparator since apache_avro 0.17.0.
+//!
+//! To use a custom comparator, you need to implement the `SchemataEq` trait and set it using the
+//! `set_schemata_equality_comparator` function:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use apache_avro::{AvroResult, Schema};
+//! use apache_avro::schema::Namespace;
+//! use apache_avro::schema_equality::{SchemataEq, set_schemata_equality_comparator};
+//!
+//! #[derive(Debug)]
+//! struct MyCustomSchemataEq;
+//!
+//! impl SchemataEq for MyCustomSchemataEq {
+//!     fn compare(&self, schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool {
+//!         todo!()
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! // don't parse any schema before registering the custom comparator !
+//!
+//! set_schemata_equality_comparator(Box::new(MyCustomSchemataEq));
+//!
+//! // ... use the library
 //! ```
+//! **Note**: the library allows to set a comparator only once per the application lifetime!
+//! If the application parses schemas before setting a comparator, the default comparator will be
+//! registered and used!
+//!
 
+mod bigdecimal;
+mod bytes;
 mod codec;
 mod de;
 mod decimal;
@@ -738,18 +857,40 @@ mod writer;
 pub mod rabin;
 pub mod schema;
 pub mod schema_compatibility;
+pub mod schema_equality;
 pub mod types;
+pub mod validator;
 
+pub use crate::{
+    bigdecimal::BigDecimal,
+    bytes::{
+        serde_avro_bytes, serde_avro_bytes_opt, serde_avro_fixed, serde_avro_fixed_opt,
+        serde_avro_slice, serde_avro_slice_opt,
+    },
+};
 pub use codec::Codec;
 pub use de::from_value;
 pub use decimal::Decimal;
 pub use duration::{Days, Duration, Millis, Months};
-pub use error::{Error, Error as DeError, Error as SerError};
-pub use reader::{from_avro_datum, Reader};
-pub use schema::Schema;
+pub use error::Error;
+pub use reader::{
+    from_avro_datum, from_avro_datum_schemata, read_marker, GenericSingleObjectReader, Reader,
+    SpecificSingleObjectReader,
+};
+pub use schema::{AvroSchema, Schema};
 pub use ser::to_value;
-pub use util::max_allocation_bytes;
-pub use writer::{to_avro_datum, Writer};
+pub use util::{max_allocation_bytes, set_serde_human_readable};
+pub use uuid::Uuid;
+pub use writer::{
+    to_avro_datum, to_avro_datum_schemata, GenericSingleObjectWriter, SpecificSingleObjectWriter,
+    Writer,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "derive")]
+pub use apache_avro_derive::*;
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate log;
 
 /// A convenience type alias for `Result`s with `Error`s.
 pub type AvroResult<T> = Result<T, Error>;
@@ -761,6 +902,7 @@ mod tests {
         types::{Record, Value},
         Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer,
     };
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 
     //TODO: move where it fits better
     #[test]
@@ -856,61 +998,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(reader.next().is_none());
     }
 
-    //TODO: move where it fits better
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum_resolution() {
-        let writer_raw_schema = r#"
-            {
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "test",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-                    {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
-                    {
-                        "name": "c",
-                        "type": {
-                            "type": "enum",
-                            "name": "suit",
-                            "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"]
-                        },
-                        "default": "spades"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        "#;
-        let reader_raw_schema = r#"
-            {
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "test",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-                    {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
-                    {
-                        "name": "c",
-                        "type": {
-                            "type": "enum",
-                            "name": "suit",
-                            "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "ninja", "hearts"]
-                        },
-                        "default": "spades"
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        "#;
-        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_raw_schema).unwrap();
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&writer_schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Null);
-        let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-        record.put("c", "clubs");
-        writer.append(record).unwrap();
-        let input = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-        let mut reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..]).unwrap();
-        assert!(reader.next().unwrap().is_err());
-        assert!(reader.next().is_none());
-    }
-
     //TODO: move where it fits better
     #[test]
     fn test_enum_no_reader_schema() {
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/rabin.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/rabin.rs
similarity index 73%
rename from lang/rust/src/rabin.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/rabin.rs
index aebaaccaf04..f8f516477c4 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/rabin.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/rabin.rs
@@ -16,24 +16,27 @@
 // under the License.
 
 //! Implementation of the Rabin fingerprint algorithm
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
-use digest::{consts::U8, generic_array::GenericArray, FixedOutput, Reset, Update};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use digest::{
+    consts::U8, core_api::OutputSizeUser, generic_array::GenericArray, FixedOutput,
+    FixedOutputReset, HashMarker, Output, Reset, Update,
+};
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 const EMPTY: i64 = -4513414715797952619;
 
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref FPTABLE: [i64; 256] = {
+fn fp_table() -> &'static [i64; 256] {
+    static FPTABLE_ONCE: OnceLock<[i64; 256]> = OnceLock::new();
+    FPTABLE_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
         let mut fp_table: [i64; 256] = [0; 256];
         for i in 0..256 {
             let mut fp = i;
             for _ in 0..8 {
                 fp = (fp as u64 >> 1) as i64 ^ (EMPTY & -(fp & 1));
             }
-            fp_table[i as usize] = fp
+            fp_table[i as usize] = fp;
         }
         fp_table
-    };
+    })
 }
 
 /// Implementation of the Rabin fingerprint algorithm using the Digest trait as described in [schema_fingerprints](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schema_fingerprints).
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ lazy_static! {
 /// This is what is used for avro [single object encoding](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding)
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// use avro_rs::rabin::Rabin;
+/// use apache_avro::rabin::Rabin;
 /// use digest::Digest;
 /// use hex_literal::hex;
 ///
@@ -58,10 +61,10 @@ lazy_static! {
 /// assert_eq!(result[..], hex!("60335ba6d0415528"));
 /// ```
 ///
-/// To convert the digest to the commonly used 64-bit integer value, you can use the byteorder crate:
+/// To convert the digest to the commonly used 64-bit integer value, you can use the i64::from_le_bytes() function
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// # use avro_rs::rabin::Rabin;
+/// # use apache_avro::rabin::Rabin;
 /// # use digest::Digest;
 /// # use hex_literal::hex;
 ///
@@ -72,9 +75,8 @@ lazy_static! {
 /// # let result = hasher.finalize();
 ///
 /// # assert_eq!(result[..], hex!("60335ba6d0415528"));
-/// use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
 ///
-/// let i = LittleEndian::read_i64(&result.to_vec());
+/// let i = i64::from_le_bytes(result.try_into().unwrap());
 ///
 /// assert_eq!(i, 2906301498937520992)
 /// ```
@@ -90,26 +92,17 @@ impl Default for Rabin {
 }
 
 impl Update for Rabin {
-    fn update(&mut self, input: impl AsRef<[u8]>) {
-        for b in input.as_ref() {
+    fn update(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
+        for b in data {
             self.result = (self.result as u64 >> 8) as i64
-                ^ FPTABLE[((self.result ^ *b as i64) & 0xff) as usize];
+                ^ fp_table()[((self.result ^ *b as i64) & 0xff) as usize];
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl FixedOutput for Rabin {
-    // 8-byte little-endian form of the i64
-    // See: https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding
-    type OutputSize = U8;
-
     fn finalize_into(self, out: &mut GenericArray<u8, Self::OutputSize>) {
-        LittleEndian::write_i64(out, self.result);
-    }
-
-    fn finalize_into_reset(&mut self, out: &mut GenericArray<u8, Self::OutputSize>) {
-        LittleEndian::write_i64(out, self.result);
-        self.result = EMPTY;
+        out.copy_from_slice(&self.result.to_le_bytes());
     }
 }
 
@@ -119,17 +112,31 @@ impl Reset for Rabin {
     }
 }
 
-digest::impl_write!(Rabin);
+impl OutputSizeUser for Rabin {
+    // 8-byte little-endian form of the i64
+    // See: https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding
+    type OutputSize = U8;
+}
+
+impl HashMarker for Rabin {}
+
+impl FixedOutputReset for Rabin {
+    fn finalize_into_reset(&mut self, out: &mut Output<Self>) {
+        out.copy_from_slice(&self.result.to_le_bytes());
+        self.reset();
+    }
+}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::Rabin;
-    use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
     use digest::Digest;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 
-    // See: https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/master/share/test/data/schema-tests.txt
+    // See: https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/main/share/test/data/schema-tests.txt
     #[test]
-    fn test1() {
+    fn test1() -> TestResult {
         let data: &[(&str, i64)] = &[
             (r#""null""#, 7195948357588979594),
             (r#""boolean""#, -6970731678124411036),
@@ -147,8 +154,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         for (s, fp) in data {
             hasher.update(s.as_bytes());
-            let result = LittleEndian::read_i64(&hasher.finalize_reset().to_vec());
+            let res: &[u8] = &hasher.finalize_reset();
+            let result = i64::from_le_bytes(res.try_into()?);
             assert_eq!(*fp, result);
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/reader.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/reader.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..121f8e25758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/reader.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic handling reading from Avro format at user level.
+use crate::{
+    decode::{decode, decode_internal},
+    from_value,
+    rabin::Rabin,
+    schema::{
+        resolve_names, resolve_names_with_schemata, AvroSchema, Names, ResolvedOwnedSchema,
+        ResolvedSchema, Schema,
+    },
+    types::Value,
+    util, AvroResult, Codec, Error,
+};
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde_json::from_slice;
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    io::{ErrorKind, Read},
+    marker::PhantomData,
+    str::FromStr,
+};
+
+/// Internal Block reader.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Block<'r, R> {
+    reader: R,
+    /// Internal buffering to reduce allocation.
+    buf: Vec<u8>,
+    buf_idx: usize,
+    /// Number of elements expected to exist within this block.
+    message_count: usize,
+    marker: [u8; 16],
+    codec: Codec,
+    writer_schema: Schema,
+    schemata: Vec<&'r Schema>,
+    user_metadata: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>>,
+    names_refs: Names,
+}
+
+impl<'r, R: Read> Block<'r, R> {
+    fn new(reader: R, schemata: Vec<&'r Schema>) -> AvroResult<Block<R>> {
+        let mut block = Block {
+            reader,
+            codec: Codec::Null,
+            writer_schema: Schema::Null,
+            schemata,
+            buf: vec![],
+            buf_idx: 0,
+            message_count: 0,
+            marker: [0; 16],
+            user_metadata: Default::default(),
+            names_refs: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        block.read_header()?;
+        Ok(block)
+    }
+
+    /// Try to read the header and to set the writer `Schema`, the `Codec` and the marker based on
+    /// its content.
+    fn read_header(&mut self) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        let meta_schema = Schema::map(Schema::Bytes);
+
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 4];
+        self.reader
+            .read_exact(&mut buf)
+            .map_err(Error::ReadHeader)?;
+
+        if buf != [b'O', b'b', b'j', 1u8] {
+            return Err(Error::HeaderMagic);
+        }
+
+        if let Value::Map(metadata) = decode(&meta_schema, &mut self.reader)? {
+            self.read_writer_schema(&metadata)?;
+            self.codec = read_codec(&metadata)?;
+
+            for (key, value) in metadata {
+                if key == "avro.schema" || key == "avro.codec" {
+                    // already processed
+                } else if key.starts_with("avro.") {
+                    warn!("Ignoring unknown metadata key: {}", key);
+                } else {
+                    self.read_user_metadata(key, value);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Err(Error::GetHeaderMetadata);
+        }
+
+        self.reader
+            .read_exact(&mut self.marker)
+            .map_err(Error::ReadMarker)
+    }
+
+    fn fill_buf(&mut self, n: usize) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        // The buffer needs to contain exactly `n` elements, otherwise codecs will potentially read
+        // invalid bytes.
+        //
+        // The are two cases to handle here:
+        //
+        // 1. `n > self.buf.len()`:
+        //    In this case we call `Vec::resize`, which guarantees that `self.buf.len() == n`.
+        // 2. `n < self.buf.len()`:
+        //    We need to resize to ensure that the buffer len is safe to read `n` elements.
+        //
+        // TODO: Figure out a way to avoid having to truncate for the second case.
+        self.buf.resize(util::safe_len(n)?, 0);
+        self.reader
+            .read_exact(&mut self.buf)
+            .map_err(Error::ReadIntoBuf)?;
+        self.buf_idx = 0;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Try to read a data block, also performing schema resolution for the objects contained in
+    /// the block. The objects are stored in an internal buffer to the `Reader`.
+    fn read_block_next(&mut self) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        assert!(self.is_empty(), "Expected self to be empty!");
+        match util::read_long(&mut self.reader) {
+            Ok(block_len) => {
+                self.message_count = block_len as usize;
+                let block_bytes = util::read_long(&mut self.reader)?;
+                self.fill_buf(block_bytes as usize)?;
+                let mut marker = [0u8; 16];
+                self.reader
+                    .read_exact(&mut marker)
+                    .map_err(Error::ReadBlockMarker)?;
+
+                if marker != self.marker {
+                    return Err(Error::GetBlockMarker);
+                }
+
+                // NOTE (JAB): This doesn't fit this Reader pattern very well.
+                // `self.buf` is a growable buffer that is reused as the reader is iterated.
+                // For non `Codec::Null` variants, `decompress` will allocate a new `Vec`
+                // and replace `buf` with the new one, instead of reusing the same buffer.
+                // We can address this by using some "limited read" type to decode directly
+                // into the buffer. But this is fine, for now.
+                self.codec.decompress(&mut self.buf)
+            }
+            Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err)) => {
+                if let ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof = io_err.kind() {
+                    // to not return any error in case we only finished to read cleanly from the stream
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.message_count
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+
+    fn read_next(&mut self, read_schema: Option<&Schema>) -> AvroResult<Option<Value>> {
+        if self.is_empty() {
+            self.read_block_next()?;
+            if self.is_empty() {
+                return Ok(None);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut block_bytes = &self.buf[self.buf_idx..];
+        let b_original = block_bytes.len();
+
+        let item = decode_internal(
+            &self.writer_schema,
+            &self.names_refs,
+            &None,
+            &mut block_bytes,
+        )?;
+        let item = match read_schema {
+            Some(schema) => item.resolve(schema)?,
+            None => item,
+        };
+
+        if b_original == block_bytes.len() {
+            // from_avro_datum did not consume any bytes, so return an error to avoid an infinite loop
+            return Err(Error::ReadBlock);
+        }
+        self.buf_idx += b_original - block_bytes.len();
+        self.message_count -= 1;
+        Ok(Some(item))
+    }
+
+    fn read_writer_schema(&mut self, metadata: &HashMap<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        let json: serde_json::Value = metadata
+            .get("avro.schema")
+            .and_then(|bytes| {
+                if let Value::Bytes(ref bytes) = *bytes {
+                    from_slice(bytes.as_ref()).ok()
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .ok_or(Error::GetAvroSchemaFromMap)?;
+        if !self.schemata.is_empty() {
+            let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(self.schemata.clone())?;
+            let names: Names = rs
+                .get_names()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, schema)| (name.clone(), (*schema).clone()))
+                .collect();
+            self.writer_schema = Schema::parse_with_names(&json, names)?;
+            resolve_names_with_schemata(&self.schemata, &mut self.names_refs, &None)?;
+        } else {
+            self.writer_schema = Schema::parse(&json)?;
+            resolve_names(&self.writer_schema, &mut self.names_refs, &None)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_user_metadata(&mut self, key: String, value: Value) {
+        match value {
+            Value::Bytes(ref vec) => {
+                self.user_metadata.insert(key, vec.clone());
+            }
+            wrong => {
+                warn!(
+                    "User metadata values must be Value::Bytes, found {:?}",
+                    wrong
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_codec(metadata: &HashMap<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Codec> {
+    let result = metadata
+        .get("avro.codec")
+        .map(|codec| {
+            if let Value::Bytes(ref bytes) = *codec {
+                match std::str::from_utf8(bytes.as_ref()) {
+                    Ok(utf8) => Ok(utf8),
+                    Err(utf8_error) => Err(Error::ConvertToUtf8Error(utf8_error)),
+                }
+            } else {
+                Err(Error::BadCodecMetadata)
+            }
+        })
+        .map(|codec_res| match codec_res {
+            Ok(codec) => match Codec::from_str(codec) {
+                Ok(codec) => Ok(codec),
+                Err(_) => Err(Error::CodecNotSupported(codec.to_owned())),
+            },
+            Err(err) => Err(err),
+        });
+
+    match result {
+        Some(res) => res,
+        None => Ok(Codec::Null),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Main interface for reading Avro formatted values.
+///
+/// To be used as an iterator:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use apache_avro::Reader;
+/// # use std::io::Cursor;
+/// # let input = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+/// for value in Reader::new(input).unwrap() {
+///     match value {
+///         Ok(v) => println!("{:?}", v),
+///         Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),
+///     };
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub struct Reader<'a, R> {
+    block: Block<'a, R>,
+    reader_schema: Option<&'a Schema>,
+    errored: bool,
+    should_resolve_schema: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a, R: Read> Reader<'a, R> {
+    /// Creates a `Reader` given something implementing the `io::Read` trait to read from.
+    /// No reader `Schema` will be set.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** The avro header is going to be read automatically upon creation of the `Reader`.
+    pub fn new(reader: R) -> AvroResult<Reader<'a, R>> {
+        let block = Block::new(reader, vec![])?;
+        let reader = Reader {
+            block,
+            reader_schema: None,
+            errored: false,
+            should_resolve_schema: false,
+        };
+        Ok(reader)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Reader` given a reader `Schema` and something implementing the `io::Read` trait
+    /// to read from.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** The avro header is going to be read automatically upon creation of the `Reader`.
+    pub fn with_schema(schema: &'a Schema, reader: R) -> AvroResult<Reader<'a, R>> {
+        let block = Block::new(reader, vec![schema])?;
+        let mut reader = Reader {
+            block,
+            reader_schema: Some(schema),
+            errored: false,
+            should_resolve_schema: false,
+        };
+        // Check if the reader and writer schemas disagree.
+        reader.should_resolve_schema = reader.writer_schema() != schema;
+        Ok(reader)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Reader` given a reader `Schema` and something implementing the `io::Read` trait
+    /// to read from.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** The avro header is going to be read automatically upon creation of the `Reader`.
+    pub fn with_schemata(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        schemata: Vec<&'a Schema>,
+        reader: R,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Reader<'a, R>> {
+        let block = Block::new(reader, schemata)?;
+        let mut reader = Reader {
+            block,
+            reader_schema: Some(schema),
+            errored: false,
+            should_resolve_schema: false,
+        };
+        // Check if the reader and writer schemas disagree.
+        reader.should_resolve_schema = reader.writer_schema() != schema;
+        Ok(reader)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the writer `Schema`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn writer_schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.block.writer_schema
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the optional reader `Schema`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn reader_schema(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
+        self.reader_schema
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the user metadata
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn user_metadata(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Vec<u8>> {
+        &self.block.user_metadata
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_next(&mut self) -> AvroResult<Option<Value>> {
+        let read_schema = if self.should_resolve_schema {
+            self.reader_schema
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        self.block.read_next(read_schema)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, R: Read> Iterator for Reader<'a, R> {
+    type Item = AvroResult<Value>;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        // to prevent keep on reading after the first error occurs
+        if self.errored {
+            return None;
+        };
+        match self.read_next() {
+            Ok(opt) => opt.map(Ok),
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.errored = true;
+                Some(Err(e))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Decode a `Value` encoded in Avro format given its `Schema` and anything implementing `io::Read`
+/// to read from.
+///
+/// In case a reader `Schema` is provided, schema resolution will also be performed.
+///
+/// **NOTE** This function has a quite small niche of usage and does NOT take care of reading the
+/// header and consecutive data blocks; use [`Reader`](struct.Reader.html) if you don't know what
+/// you are doing, instead.
+pub fn from_avro_datum<R: Read>(
+    writer_schema: &Schema,
+    reader: &mut R,
+    reader_schema: Option<&Schema>,
+) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    let value = decode(writer_schema, reader)?;
+    match reader_schema {
+        Some(schema) => value.resolve(schema),
+        None => Ok(value),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Decode a `Value` encoded in Avro format given the provided `Schema` and anything implementing `io::Read`
+/// to read from.
+/// If the writer schema is incomplete, i.e. contains `Schema::Ref`s then it will use the provided
+/// schemata to resolve any dependencies.
+///
+/// In case a reader `Schema` is provided, schema resolution will also be performed.
+pub fn from_avro_datum_schemata<R: Read>(
+    writer_schema: &Schema,
+    schemata: Vec<&Schema>,
+    reader: &mut R,
+    reader_schema: Option<&Schema>,
+) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+    let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata)?;
+    let value = decode_internal(writer_schema, rs.get_names(), &None, reader)?;
+    match reader_schema {
+        Some(schema) => value.resolve(schema),
+        None => Ok(value),
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct GenericSingleObjectReader {
+    write_schema: ResolvedOwnedSchema,
+    expected_header: [u8; 10],
+}
+
+impl GenericSingleObjectReader {
+    pub fn new(schema: Schema) -> AvroResult<GenericSingleObjectReader> {
+        let fingerprint = schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>();
+        let expected_header = [
+            0xC3,
+            0x01,
+            fingerprint.bytes[0],
+            fingerprint.bytes[1],
+            fingerprint.bytes[2],
+            fingerprint.bytes[3],
+            fingerprint.bytes[4],
+            fingerprint.bytes[5],
+            fingerprint.bytes[6],
+            fingerprint.bytes[7],
+        ];
+        Ok(GenericSingleObjectReader {
+            write_schema: ResolvedOwnedSchema::try_from(schema)?,
+            expected_header,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_value<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
+        let mut header: [u8; 10] = [0; 10];
+        match reader.read_exact(&mut header) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                if self.expected_header == header {
+                    decode_internal(
+                        self.write_schema.get_root_schema(),
+                        self.write_schema.get_names(),
+                        &None,
+                        reader,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::SingleObjectHeaderMismatch(
+                        self.expected_header,
+                        header,
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(io_error) => Err(Error::ReadHeader(io_error)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SpecificSingleObjectReader<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema,
+{
+    inner: GenericSingleObjectReader,
+    _model: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectReader<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema,
+{
+    pub fn new() -> AvroResult<SpecificSingleObjectReader<T>> {
+        Ok(SpecificSingleObjectReader {
+            inner: GenericSingleObjectReader::new(T::get_schema())?,
+            _model: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectReader<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema + From<Value>,
+{
+    pub fn read_from_value<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<T> {
+        self.inner.read_value(reader).map(|v| v.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectReader<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema + DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    pub fn read<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<T> {
+        from_value::<T>(&self.inner.read_value(reader)?)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Reads the marker bytes from Avro bytes generated earlier by a `Writer`
+pub fn read_marker(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 16] {
+    assert!(
+        bytes.len() > 16,
+        "The bytes are too short to read a marker from them"
+    );
+    let mut marker = [0_u8; 16];
+    marker.clone_from_slice(&bytes[(bytes.len() - 16)..]);
+    marker
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{encode::encode, types::Record};
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use serde::Deserialize;
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "test",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "a",
+          "type": "long",
+          "default": 42
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "b",
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    const UNION_SCHEMA: &str = r#"["null", "long"]"#;
+    const ENCODED: &[u8] = &[
+        79u8, 98u8, 106u8, 1u8, 4u8, 22u8, 97u8, 118u8, 114u8, 111u8, 46u8, 115u8, 99u8, 104u8,
+        101u8, 109u8, 97u8, 222u8, 1u8, 123u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8,
+        114u8, 101u8, 99u8, 111u8, 114u8, 100u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8,
+        58u8, 34u8, 116u8, 101u8, 115u8, 116u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 102u8, 105u8, 101u8, 108u8,
+        100u8, 115u8, 34u8, 58u8, 91u8, 123u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8,
+        97u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 108u8, 111u8, 110u8,
+        103u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 100u8, 101u8, 102u8, 97u8, 117u8, 108u8, 116u8, 34u8, 58u8, 52u8,
+        50u8, 125u8, 44u8, 123u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 98u8, 34u8,
+        44u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 115u8, 116u8, 114u8, 105u8,
+        110u8, 103u8, 34u8, 125u8, 93u8, 125u8, 20u8, 97u8, 118u8, 114u8, 111u8, 46u8, 99u8, 111u8,
+        100u8, 101u8, 99u8, 8u8, 110u8, 117u8, 108u8, 108u8, 0u8, 94u8, 61u8, 54u8, 221u8, 190u8,
+        207u8, 108u8, 180u8, 158u8, 57u8, 114u8, 40u8, 173u8, 199u8, 228u8, 239u8, 4u8, 20u8, 54u8,
+        6u8, 102u8, 111u8, 111u8, 84u8, 6u8, 98u8, 97u8, 114u8, 94u8, 61u8, 54u8, 221u8, 190u8,
+        207u8, 108u8, 180u8, 158u8, 57u8, 114u8, 40u8, 173u8, 199u8, 228u8, 239u8,
+    ];
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_avro_datum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut encoded: &'static [u8] = &[54, 6, 102, 111, 111];
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+        let expected = record.into();
+
+        assert_eq!(from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut encoded, None)?, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_from_avro_datum_with_union_to_struct() -> TestResult {
+        const TEST_RECORD_SCHEMA_3240: &str = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "test",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "a",
+          "type": "long",
+          "default": 42
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "b",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "a_nullable_array",
+            "type": ["null", {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}],
+            "default": null
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "a_nullable_boolean",
+            "type": ["null", {"type": "boolean"}],
+            "default": null
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "a_nullable_string",
+            "type": ["null", {"type": "string"}],
+            "default": null
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+        #[derive(Default, Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        struct TestRecord3240 {
+            a: i64,
+            b: String,
+            a_nullable_array: Option<Vec<String>>,
+            // we are missing the 'a_nullable_boolean' field to simulate missing keys
+            // a_nullable_boolean: Option<bool>,
+            a_nullable_string: Option<String>,
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(TEST_RECORD_SCHEMA_3240)?;
+        let mut encoded: &'static [u8] = &[54, 6, 102, 111, 111];
+
+        let expected_record: TestRecord3240 = TestRecord3240 {
+            a: 27i64,
+            b: String::from("foo"),
+            a_nullable_array: None,
+            a_nullable_string: None,
+        };
+
+        let avro_datum = from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut encoded, None)?;
+        let parsed_record: TestRecord3240 = match &avro_datum {
+            Value::Record(_) => from_value::<TestRecord3240>(&avro_datum)?,
+            unexpected => {
+                panic!("could not map avro data to struct, found unexpected: {unexpected:?}")
+            }
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(parsed_record, expected_record);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_null_union() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut encoded: &'static [u8] = &[2, 0];
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut encoded, None)?,
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Long(0)))
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reader_iterator() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, ENCODED)?;
+
+        let mut record1 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record1.put("a", 27i64);
+        record1.put("b", "foo");
+
+        let mut record2 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record2.put("a", 42i64);
+        record2.put("b", "bar");
+
+        let expected = [record1.into(), record2.into()];
+
+        for (i, value) in reader.enumerate() {
+            assert_eq!(value?, expected[i]);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reader_invalid_header() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let invalid = ENCODED.iter().copied().skip(1).collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+        assert!(Reader::with_schema(&schema, &invalid[..]).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reader_invalid_block() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let invalid = ENCODED
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .rev()
+            .skip(19)
+            .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            .rev()
+            .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+        let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &invalid[..])?;
+        for value in reader {
+            assert!(value.is_err());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reader_empty_buffer() -> TestResult {
+        let empty = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+        assert!(Reader::new(empty).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reader_only_header() -> TestResult {
+        let invalid = ENCODED.iter().copied().take(165).collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+        let reader = Reader::new(&invalid[..])?;
+        for value in reader {
+            assert!(value.is_err());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3405_read_user_metadata_success() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::writer::Writer;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let mut user_meta_data: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>> = HashMap::new();
+        user_meta_data.insert(
+            "stringKey".to_string(),
+            "stringValue".to_string().into_bytes(),
+        );
+        user_meta_data.insert("bytesKey".to_string(), b"bytesValue".to_vec());
+        user_meta_data.insert("vecKey".to_string(), vec![1, 2, 3]);
+
+        for (k, v) in user_meta_data.iter() {
+            writer.add_user_metadata(k.to_string(), v)?;
+        }
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        let reader = Reader::new(&result[..])?;
+        assert_eq!(reader.user_metadata(), &user_meta_data);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+    struct TestSingleObjectReader {
+        a: i64,
+        b: f64,
+        c: Vec<String>,
+    }
+
+    impl AvroSchema for TestSingleObjectReader {
+        fn get_schema() -> Schema {
+            let schema = r#"
+            {
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"TestSingleObjectWrtierSerialize",
+                "fields":[
+                    {
+                        "name":"a",
+                        "type":"long"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"b",
+                        "type":"double"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"c",
+                        "type":{
+                            "type":"array",
+                            "items":"string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+            "#;
+            Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<Value> for TestSingleObjectReader {
+        fn from(obj: Value) -> TestSingleObjectReader {
+            if let Value::Record(fields) = obj {
+                let mut a = None;
+                let mut b = None;
+                let mut c = vec![];
+                for (field_name, v) in fields {
+                    match (field_name.as_str(), v) {
+                        ("a", Value::Long(i)) => a = Some(i),
+                        ("b", Value::Double(d)) => b = Some(d),
+                        ("c", Value::Array(v)) => {
+                            for inner_val in v {
+                                if let Value::String(s) = inner_val {
+                                    c.push(s);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        (key, value) => panic!("Unexpected pair: {key:?} -> {value:?}"),
+                    }
+                }
+                TestSingleObjectReader {
+                    a: a.unwrap(),
+                    b: b.unwrap(),
+                    c,
+                }
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected a Value::Record but was {obj:?}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<TestSingleObjectReader> for Value {
+        fn from(obj: TestSingleObjectReader) -> Value {
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("a".into(), obj.a.into()),
+                ("b".into(), obj.b.into()),
+                (
+                    "c".into(),
+                    Value::Array(obj.c.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
+                ),
+            ])
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3507_single_object_reader() -> TestResult {
+        let obj = TestSingleObjectReader {
+            a: 42,
+            b: 3.33,
+            c: vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into()],
+        };
+        let mut to_read = Vec::<u8>::new();
+        to_read.extend_from_slice(&[0xC3, 0x01]);
+        to_read.extend_from_slice(
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema()
+                .fingerprint::<Rabin>()
+                .bytes[..],
+        );
+        encode(
+            &obj.clone().into(),
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema(),
+            &mut to_read,
+        )
+        .expect("Encode should succeed");
+        let mut to_read = &to_read[..];
+        let generic_reader = GenericSingleObjectReader::new(TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema())
+            .expect("Schema should resolve");
+        let val = generic_reader
+            .read_value(&mut to_read)
+            .expect("Should read");
+        let expected_value: Value = obj.into();
+        assert_eq!(expected_value, val);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3642_test_single_object_reader_incomplete_reads() -> TestResult {
+        let obj = TestSingleObjectReader {
+            a: 42,
+            b: 3.33,
+            c: vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into()],
+        };
+        // The two-byte marker, to show that the message uses this single-record format
+        let to_read_1 = [0xC3, 0x01];
+        let mut to_read_2 = Vec::<u8>::new();
+        to_read_2.extend_from_slice(
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema()
+                .fingerprint::<Rabin>()
+                .bytes[..],
+        );
+        let mut to_read_3 = Vec::<u8>::new();
+        encode(
+            &obj.clone().into(),
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema(),
+            &mut to_read_3,
+        )
+        .expect("Encode should succeed");
+        let mut to_read = (&to_read_1[..]).chain(&to_read_2[..]).chain(&to_read_3[..]);
+        let generic_reader = GenericSingleObjectReader::new(TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema())
+            .expect("Schema should resolve");
+        let val = generic_reader
+            .read_value(&mut to_read)
+            .expect("Should read");
+        let expected_value: Value = obj.into();
+        assert_eq!(expected_value, val);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3507_reader_parity() -> TestResult {
+        let obj = TestSingleObjectReader {
+            a: 42,
+            b: 3.33,
+            c: vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into()],
+        };
+
+        let mut to_read = Vec::<u8>::new();
+        to_read.extend_from_slice(&[0xC3, 0x01]);
+        to_read.extend_from_slice(
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema()
+                .fingerprint::<Rabin>()
+                .bytes[..],
+        );
+        encode(
+            &obj.clone().into(),
+            &TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema(),
+            &mut to_read,
+        )
+        .expect("Encode should succeed");
+        let generic_reader = GenericSingleObjectReader::new(TestSingleObjectReader::get_schema())
+            .expect("Schema should resolve");
+        let specific_reader = SpecificSingleObjectReader::<TestSingleObjectReader>::new()
+            .expect("schema should resolve");
+        let mut to_read1 = &to_read[..];
+        let mut to_read2 = &to_read[..];
+        let mut to_read3 = &to_read[..];
+
+        let val = generic_reader
+            .read_value(&mut to_read1)
+            .expect("Should read");
+        let read_obj1 = specific_reader
+            .read_from_value(&mut to_read2)
+            .expect("Should read from value");
+        let read_obj2 = specific_reader
+            .read(&mut to_read3)
+            .expect("Should read from deserilize");
+        let expected_value: Value = obj.clone().into();
+        assert_eq!(obj, read_obj1);
+        assert_eq!(obj, read_obj2);
+        assert_eq!(val, expected_value);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "snappy"))]
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3549_read_not_enabled_codec() {
+        let snappy_compressed_avro = vec![
+            79, 98, 106, 1, 4, 22, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 115, 99, 104, 101, 109, 97, 210, 1, 123,
+            34, 102, 105, 101, 108, 100, 115, 34, 58, 91, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34,
+            110, 117, 109, 34, 44, 34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110,
+            103, 34, 125, 93, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 101, 118, 101, 110, 116, 34,
+            44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 115, 112, 97, 99, 101, 34, 58, 34, 101, 120, 97, 109, 112,
+            108, 101, 110, 97, 109, 101, 115, 112, 97, 99, 101, 34, 44, 34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34,
+            58, 34, 114, 101, 99, 111, 114, 100, 34, 125, 20, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 99, 111, 100,
+            101, 99, 12, 115, 110, 97, 112, 112, 121, 0, 213, 209, 241, 208, 200, 110, 164, 47,
+            203, 25, 90, 235, 161, 167, 195, 177, 2, 20, 4, 12, 6, 49, 50, 51, 115, 38, 58, 0, 213,
+            209, 241, 208, 200, 110, 164, 47, 203, 25, 90, 235, 161, 167, 195, 177,
+        ];
+
+        if let Err(err) = Reader::new(snappy_compressed_avro.as_slice()) {
+            assert_eq!("Codec 'snappy' is not supported/enabled", err.to_string());
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected an error in the reading of the codec!");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/schema.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d2272a78a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6807 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic for parsing and interacting with schemas in Avro format.
+use crate::{
+    error::Error,
+    schema_equality, types,
+    util::MapHelper,
+    validator::{
+        validate_enum_symbol_name, validate_namespace, validate_record_field_name,
+        validate_schema_name,
+    },
+    AvroResult,
+};
+use digest::Digest;
+use serde::{
+    ser::{SerializeMap, SerializeSeq},
+    Deserialize, Serialize, Serializer,
+};
+use serde_json::{Map, Value};
+use std::{
+    borrow::{Borrow, Cow},
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
+    fmt,
+    fmt::Debug,
+    hash::Hash,
+    io::Read,
+    str::FromStr,
+};
+use strum_macros::{Display, EnumDiscriminants, EnumString};
+
+/// Represents an Avro schema fingerprint
+/// More information about Avro schema fingerprints can be found in the
+/// [Avro Schema Fingerprint documentation](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schema_fingerprints)
+pub struct SchemaFingerprint {
+    pub bytes: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SchemaFingerprint {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            self.bytes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|byte| format!("{byte:02x}"))
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                .join("")
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents any valid Avro schema
+/// More information about Avro schemas can be found in the
+/// [Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas)
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumDiscriminants, Display)]
+#[strum_discriminants(name(SchemaKind), derive(Hash, Ord, PartialOrd))]
+pub enum Schema {
+    /// A `null` Avro schema.
+    Null,
+    /// A `boolean` Avro schema.
+    Boolean,
+    /// An `int` Avro schema.
+    Int,
+    /// A `long` Avro schema.
+    Long,
+    /// A `float` Avro schema.
+    Float,
+    /// A `double` Avro schema.
+    Double,
+    /// A `bytes` Avro schema.
+    /// `Bytes` represents a sequence of 8-bit unsigned bytes.
+    Bytes,
+    /// A `string` Avro schema.
+    /// `String` represents a unicode character sequence.
+    String,
+    /// A `array` Avro schema. Avro arrays are required to have the same type for each element.
+    /// This variant holds the `Schema` for the array element type.
+    Array(ArraySchema),
+    /// A `map` Avro schema.
+    /// `Map` holds a pointer to the `Schema` of its values, which must all be the same schema.
+    /// `Map` keys are assumed to be `string`.
+    Map(MapSchema),
+    /// A `union` Avro schema.
+    Union(UnionSchema),
+    /// A `record` Avro schema.
+    Record(RecordSchema),
+    /// An `enum` Avro schema.
+    Enum(EnumSchema),
+    /// A `fixed` Avro schema.
+    Fixed(FixedSchema),
+    /// Logical type which represents `Decimal` values. The underlying type is serialized and
+    /// deserialized as `Schema::Bytes` or `Schema::Fixed`.
+    Decimal(DecimalSchema),
+    /// Logical type which represents `Decimal` values without predefined scale.
+    /// The underlying type is serialized and deserialized as `Schema::Bytes`
+    BigDecimal,
+    /// A universally unique identifier, annotating a string.
+    Uuid,
+    /// Logical type which represents the number of days since the unix epoch.
+    /// Serialization format is `Schema::Int`.
+    Date,
+    /// The time of day in number of milliseconds after midnight with no reference any calendar,
+    /// time zone or date in particular.
+    TimeMillis,
+    /// The time of day in number of microseconds after midnight with no reference any calendar,
+    /// time zone or date in particular.
+    TimeMicros,
+    /// An instant in time represented as the number of milliseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    TimestampMillis,
+    /// An instant in time represented as the number of microseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    TimestampMicros,
+    /// An instant in time represented as the number of nanoseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    TimestampNanos,
+    /// An instant in localtime represented as the number of milliseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    LocalTimestampMillis,
+    /// An instant in local time represented as the number of microseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    LocalTimestampMicros,
+    /// An instant in local time represented as the number of nanoseconds after the UNIX epoch.
+    LocalTimestampNanos,
+    /// An amount of time defined by a number of months, days and milliseconds.
+    Duration,
+    /// A reference to another schema.
+    Ref { name: Name },
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MapSchema {
+    pub types: Box<Schema>,
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArraySchema {
+    pub items: Box<Schema>,
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Schema {
+    /// Assess equality of two `Schema` based on [Parsing Canonical Form].
+    ///
+    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
+    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        schema_equality::compare_schemata(self, other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl SchemaKind {
+    pub fn is_primitive(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            SchemaKind::Null
+                | SchemaKind::Boolean
+                | SchemaKind::Int
+                | SchemaKind::Long
+                | SchemaKind::Double
+                | SchemaKind::Float
+                | SchemaKind::Bytes
+                | SchemaKind::String,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_named(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            SchemaKind::Record | SchemaKind::Enum | SchemaKind::Fixed | SchemaKind::Ref
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&types::Value> for SchemaKind {
+    fn from(value: &types::Value) -> Self {
+        use crate::types::Value;
+        match value {
+            Value::Null => Self::Null,
+            Value::Boolean(_) => Self::Boolean,
+            Value::Int(_) => Self::Int,
+            Value::Long(_) => Self::Long,
+            Value::Float(_) => Self::Float,
+            Value::Double(_) => Self::Double,
+            Value::Bytes(_) => Self::Bytes,
+            Value::String(_) => Self::String,
+            Value::Array(_) => Self::Array,
+            Value::Map(_) => Self::Map,
+            Value::Union(_, _) => Self::Union,
+            Value::Record(_) => Self::Record,
+            Value::Enum(_, _) => Self::Enum,
+            Value::Fixed(_, _) => Self::Fixed,
+            Value::Decimal { .. } => Self::Decimal,
+            Value::BigDecimal(_) => Self::BigDecimal,
+            Value::Uuid(_) => Self::Uuid,
+            Value::Date(_) => Self::Date,
+            Value::TimeMillis(_) => Self::TimeMillis,
+            Value::TimeMicros(_) => Self::TimeMicros,
+            Value::TimestampMillis(_) => Self::TimestampMillis,
+            Value::TimestampMicros(_) => Self::TimestampMicros,
+            Value::TimestampNanos(_) => Self::TimestampNanos,
+            Value::LocalTimestampMillis(_) => Self::LocalTimestampMillis,
+            Value::LocalTimestampMicros(_) => Self::LocalTimestampMicros,
+            Value::LocalTimestampNanos(_) => Self::LocalTimestampNanos,
+            Value::Duration { .. } => Self::Duration,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents names for `record`, `enum` and `fixed` Avro schemas.
+///
+/// Each of these `Schema`s have a `fullname` composed of two parts:
+///   * a name
+///   * a namespace
+///
+/// `aliases` can also be defined, to facilitate schema evolution.
+///
+/// More information about schema names can be found in the
+/// [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names)
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Name {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub namespace: Namespace,
+}
+
+/// Represents documentation for complex Avro schemas.
+pub type Documentation = Option<String>;
+/// Represents the aliases for Named Schema
+pub type Aliases = Option<Vec<Alias>>;
+/// Represents Schema lookup within a schema env
+pub(crate) type Names = HashMap<Name, Schema>;
+/// Represents Schema lookup within a schema
+pub type NamesRef<'a> = HashMap<Name, &'a Schema>;
+/// Represents the namespace for Named Schema
+pub type Namespace = Option<String>;
+
+impl Name {
+    /// Create a new `Name`.
+    /// Parses the optional `namespace` from the `name` string.
+    /// `aliases` will not be defined.
+    pub fn new(name: &str) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let (name, namespace) = Name::get_name_and_namespace(name)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            name,
+            namespace: namespace.filter(|ns| !ns.is_empty()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn get_name_and_namespace(name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+        validate_schema_name(name)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` into a `Name`.
+    pub(crate) fn parse(
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let (name, namespace_from_name) = complex
+            .name()
+            .map(|name| Name::get_name_and_namespace(name.as_str()).unwrap())
+            .ok_or(Error::GetNameField)?;
+        // FIXME Reading name from the type is wrong ! The name there is just a metadata (AVRO-3430)
+        let type_name = match complex.get("type") {
+            Some(Value::Object(complex_type)) => complex_type.name().or(None),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+
+        let namespace = namespace_from_name
+            .or_else(|| {
+                complex
+                    .string("namespace")
+                    .or_else(|| enclosing_namespace.clone())
+            })
+            .filter(|ns| !ns.is_empty());
+
+        if let Some(ref ns) = namespace {
+            validate_namespace(ns)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            name: type_name.unwrap_or(name),
+            namespace,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `fullname` of this `Name`
+    ///
+    /// More information about fullnames can be found in the
+    /// [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names)
+    pub fn fullname(&self, default_namespace: Namespace) -> String {
+        if self.name.contains('.') {
+            self.name.clone()
+        } else {
+            let namespace = self.namespace.clone().or(default_namespace);
+
+            match namespace {
+                Some(ref namespace) if !namespace.is_empty() => {
+                    format!("{}.{}", namespace, self.name)
+                }
+                _ => self.name.clone(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the fully qualified name needed for indexing or searching for the schema within a schema/schema env context. Puts the enclosing namespace into the name's namespace for clarity in schema/schema env parsing
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// use apache_avro::schema::Name;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(
+    /// Name::new("some_name")?.fully_qualified_name(&Some("some_namespace".into())),
+    /// Name::new("some_namespace.some_name")?
+    /// );
+    /// assert_eq!(
+    /// Name::new("some_namespace.some_name")?.fully_qualified_name(&Some("other_namespace".into())),
+    /// Name::new("some_namespace.some_name")?
+    /// );
+    /// ```
+    pub fn fully_qualified_name(&self, enclosing_namespace: &Namespace) -> Name {
+        Name {
+            name: self.name.clone(),
+            namespace: self
+                .namespace
+                .clone()
+                .or_else(|| enclosing_namespace.clone().filter(|ns| !ns.is_empty())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for Name {
+    fn from(name: &str) -> Self {
+        Name::new(name).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Name {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(&self.fullname(None)[..])
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Name {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        Value::deserialize(deserializer).and_then(|value| {
+            use serde::de::Error;
+            if let Value::Object(json) = value {
+                Name::parse(&json, &None).map_err(Error::custom)
+            } else {
+                Err(Error::custom(format!("Expected a JSON object: {value:?}")))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Newtype pattern for `Name` to better control the `serde_json::Value` representation.
+/// Aliases are serialized as an array of plain strings in the JSON representation.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Alias(Name);
+
+impl Alias {
+    pub fn new(name: &str) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        Name::new(name).map(Self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn namespace(&self) -> Namespace {
+        self.0.namespace.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn fullname(&self, default_namespace: Namespace) -> String {
+        self.0.fullname(default_namespace)
+    }
+
+    pub fn fully_qualified_name(&self, default_namespace: &Namespace) -> Name {
+        self.0.fully_qualified_name(default_namespace)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for Alias {
+    fn from(name: &str) -> Self {
+        Alias::new(name).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Alias {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(&self.fullname(None))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ResolvedSchema<'s> {
+    names_ref: NamesRef<'s>,
+    schemata: Vec<&'s Schema>,
+}
+
+impl<'s> TryFrom<&'s Schema> for ResolvedSchema<'s> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(schema: &'s Schema) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let names = HashMap::new();
+        let mut rs = ResolvedSchema {
+            names_ref: names,
+            schemata: vec![schema],
+        };
+        rs.resolve(rs.get_schemata(), &None, None)?;
+        Ok(rs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s> TryFrom<Vec<&'s Schema>> for ResolvedSchema<'s> {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(schemata: Vec<&'s Schema>) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let names = HashMap::new();
+        let mut rs = ResolvedSchema {
+            names_ref: names,
+            schemata,
+        };
+        rs.resolve(rs.get_schemata(), &None, None)?;
+        Ok(rs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s> ResolvedSchema<'s> {
+    pub fn get_schemata(&self) -> Vec<&'s Schema> {
+        self.schemata.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_names(&self) -> &NamesRef<'s> {
+        &self.names_ref
+    }
+
+    /// Creates `ResolvedSchema` with some already known schemas.
+    ///
+    /// Those schemata would be used to resolve references if needed.
+    pub fn new_with_known_schemata<'n>(
+        schemata_to_resolve: Vec<&'s Schema>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        known_schemata: &'n NamesRef<'n>,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let names = HashMap::new();
+        let mut rs = ResolvedSchema {
+            names_ref: names,
+            schemata: schemata_to_resolve,
+        };
+        rs.resolve(rs.get_schemata(), enclosing_namespace, Some(known_schemata))?;
+        Ok(rs)
+    }
+
+    fn resolve<'n>(
+        &mut self,
+        schemata: Vec<&'s Schema>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        known_schemata: Option<&'n NamesRef<'n>>,
+    ) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        for schema in schemata {
+            match schema {
+                Schema::Array(schema) => {
+                    self.resolve(vec![&schema.items], enclosing_namespace, known_schemata)?
+                }
+                Schema::Map(schema) => {
+                    self.resolve(vec![&schema.types], enclosing_namespace, known_schemata)?
+                }
+                Schema::Union(UnionSchema { schemas, .. }) => {
+                    for schema in schemas {
+                        self.resolve(vec![schema], enclosing_namespace, known_schemata)?
+                    }
+                }
+                Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { name, .. }) | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { name, .. }) => {
+                    let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                    if self
+                        .names_ref
+                        .insert(fully_qualified_name.clone(), schema)
+                        .is_some()
+                    {
+                        return Err(Error::AmbiguousSchemaDefinition(fully_qualified_name));
+                    }
+                }
+                Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                    let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                    if self
+                        .names_ref
+                        .insert(fully_qualified_name.clone(), schema)
+                        .is_some()
+                    {
+                        return Err(Error::AmbiguousSchemaDefinition(fully_qualified_name));
+                    } else {
+                        let record_namespace = fully_qualified_name.namespace;
+                        for field in fields {
+                            self.resolve(vec![&field.schema], &record_namespace, known_schemata)?
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Schema::Ref { name } => {
+                    let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                    // first search for reference in current schemata, then look into external references.
+                    if !self.names_ref.contains_key(&fully_qualified_name) {
+                        let is_resolved_with_known_schemas = known_schemata
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .map(|names| names.contains_key(&fully_qualified_name))
+                            .unwrap_or(false);
+                        if !is_resolved_with_known_schemas {
+                            return Err(Error::SchemaResolutionError(fully_qualified_name));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct ResolvedOwnedSchema {
+    names: Names,
+    root_schema: Schema,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Schema> for ResolvedOwnedSchema {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(schema: Schema) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let names = HashMap::new();
+        let mut rs = ResolvedOwnedSchema {
+            names,
+            root_schema: schema,
+        };
+        resolve_names(&rs.root_schema, &mut rs.names, &None)?;
+        Ok(rs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ResolvedOwnedSchema {
+    pub(crate) fn get_root_schema(&self) -> &Schema {
+        &self.root_schema
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn get_names(&self) -> &Names {
+        &self.names
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn resolve_names(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    names: &mut Names,
+    enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    match schema {
+        Schema::Array(schema) => resolve_names(&schema.items, names, enclosing_namespace),
+        Schema::Map(schema) => resolve_names(&schema.types, names, enclosing_namespace),
+        Schema::Union(UnionSchema { schemas, .. }) => {
+            for schema in schemas {
+                resolve_names(schema, names, enclosing_namespace)?
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { name, .. }) | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { name, .. }) => {
+            let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+            if names
+                .insert(fully_qualified_name.clone(), schema.clone())
+                .is_some()
+            {
+                Err(Error::AmbiguousSchemaDefinition(fully_qualified_name))
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+        Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+            let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+            if names
+                .insert(fully_qualified_name.clone(), schema.clone())
+                .is_some()
+            {
+                Err(Error::AmbiguousSchemaDefinition(fully_qualified_name))
+            } else {
+                let record_namespace = fully_qualified_name.namespace;
+                for field in fields {
+                    resolve_names(&field.schema, names, &record_namespace)?
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+        Schema::Ref { name } => {
+            let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+            names
+                .get(&fully_qualified_name)
+                .map(|_| ())
+                .ok_or(Error::SchemaResolutionError(fully_qualified_name))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(()),
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn resolve_names_with_schemata(
+    schemata: &Vec<&Schema>,
+    names: &mut Names,
+    enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    for schema in schemata {
+        resolve_names(schema, names, enclosing_namespace)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Represents a `field` in a `record` Avro schema.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RecordField {
+    /// Name of the field.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// Documentation of the field.
+    pub doc: Documentation,
+    /// Aliases of the field's name. They have no namespace.
+    pub aliases: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Default value of the field.
+    /// This value will be used when reading Avro datum if schema resolution
+    /// is enabled.
+    pub default: Option<Value>,
+    /// Schema of the field.
+    pub schema: Schema,
+    /// Order of the field.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This currently has no effect.
+    pub order: RecordFieldOrder,
+    /// Position of the field in the list of `field` of its parent `Schema`
+    pub position: usize,
+    /// A collection of all unknown fields in the record field.
+    pub custom_attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+/// Represents any valid order for a `field` in a `record` Avro schema.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, EnumString)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "kebab_case")]
+pub enum RecordFieldOrder {
+    Ascending,
+    Descending,
+    Ignore,
+}
+
+impl RecordField {
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` into a `RecordField`.
+    fn parse(
+        field: &Map<String, Value>,
+        position: usize,
+        parser: &mut Parser,
+        enclosing_record: &Name,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let name = field.name().ok_or(Error::GetNameFieldFromRecord)?;
+
+        validate_record_field_name(&name)?;
+
+        // TODO: "type" = "<record name>"
+        let schema = parser.parse_complex(field, &enclosing_record.namespace)?;
+
+        let default = field.get("default").cloned();
+        Self::resolve_default_value(
+            &schema,
+            &name,
+            &enclosing_record.fullname(None),
+            &parser.parsed_schemas,
+            &default,
+        )?;
+
+        let aliases = field.get("aliases").and_then(|aliases| {
+            aliases.as_array().map(|aliases| {
+                aliases
+                    .iter()
+                    .flat_map(|alias| alias.as_str())
+                    .map(|alias| alias.to_string())
+                    .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+            })
+        });
+
+        let order = field
+            .get("order")
+            .and_then(|order| order.as_str())
+            .and_then(|order| RecordFieldOrder::from_str(order).ok())
+            .unwrap_or(RecordFieldOrder::Ascending);
+
+        Ok(RecordField {
+            name,
+            doc: field.doc(),
+            default,
+            aliases,
+            order,
+            position,
+            custom_attributes: RecordField::get_field_custom_attributes(field, &schema),
+            schema,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_default_value(
+        field_schema: &Schema,
+        field_name: &str,
+        record_name: &str,
+        names: &Names,
+        default: &Option<Value>,
+    ) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        if let Some(value) = default {
+            let avro_value = types::Value::from(value.clone());
+            match field_schema {
+                Schema::Union(union_schema) => {
+                    let schemas = &union_schema.schemas;
+                    let resolved = schemas.iter().any(|schema| {
+                        avro_value
+                            .to_owned()
+                            .resolve_internal(schema, names, &schema.namespace(), &None)
+                            .is_ok()
+                    });
+
+                    if !resolved {
+                        let schema: Option<&Schema> = schemas.first();
+                        return match schema {
+                            Some(first_schema) => Err(Error::GetDefaultUnion(
+                                SchemaKind::from(first_schema),
+                                types::ValueKind::from(avro_value),
+                            )),
+                            None => Err(Error::EmptyUnion),
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    let resolved = avro_value
+                        .resolve_internal(field_schema, names, &field_schema.namespace(), &None)
+                        .is_ok();
+
+                    if !resolved {
+                        return Err(Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+                            field_name.to_string(),
+                            record_name.to_string(),
+                            field_schema.canonical_form(),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_field_custom_attributes(
+        field: &Map<String, Value>,
+        schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> BTreeMap<String, Value> {
+        let mut custom_attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (key, value) in field {
+            match key.as_str() {
+                "type" | "name" | "doc" | "default" | "order" | "position" | "aliases"
+                | "logicalType" => continue,
+                key if key == "symbols" && matches!(schema, Schema::Enum(_)) => continue,
+                key if key == "size" && matches!(schema, Schema::Fixed(_)) => continue,
+                _ => custom_attributes.insert(key.clone(), value.clone()),
+            };
+        }
+        custom_attributes
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this `RecordField` is nullable, meaning the schema is a `UnionSchema` where the first variant is `Null`.
+    pub fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.schema {
+            Schema::Union(ref inner) => inner.is_nullable(),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A description of an Enum schema.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RecordSchema {
+    /// The name of the schema
+    pub name: Name,
+    /// The aliases of the schema
+    pub aliases: Aliases,
+    /// The documentation of the schema
+    pub doc: Documentation,
+    /// The set of fields of the schema
+    pub fields: Vec<RecordField>,
+    /// The `lookup` table maps field names to their position in the `Vec`
+    /// of `fields`.
+    pub lookup: BTreeMap<String, usize>,
+    /// The custom attributes of the schema
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+/// A description of an Enum schema.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EnumSchema {
+    /// The name of the schema
+    pub name: Name,
+    /// The aliases of the schema
+    pub aliases: Aliases,
+    /// The documentation of the schema
+    pub doc: Documentation,
+    /// The set of symbols of the schema
+    pub symbols: Vec<String>,
+    /// An optional default symbol used for compatibility
+    pub default: Option<String>,
+    /// The custom attributes of the schema
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+/// A description of a Union schema.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct FixedSchema {
+    /// The name of the schema
+    pub name: Name,
+    /// The aliases of the schema
+    pub aliases: Aliases,
+    /// The documentation of the schema
+    pub doc: Documentation,
+    /// The size of the fixed schema
+    pub size: usize,
+    /// An optional default symbol used for compatibility
+    pub default: Option<String>,
+    /// The custom attributes of the schema
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+impl FixedSchema {
+    fn serialize_to_map<S>(&self, mut map: S::SerializeMap) -> Result<S::SerializeMap, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        map.serialize_entry("type", "fixed")?;
+        if let Some(ref n) = self.name.namespace {
+            map.serialize_entry("namespace", n)?;
+        }
+        map.serialize_entry("name", &self.name.name)?;
+        if let Some(ref docstr) = self.doc {
+            map.serialize_entry("doc", docstr)?;
+        }
+        map.serialize_entry("size", &self.size)?;
+
+        if let Some(ref aliases) = self.aliases {
+            map.serialize_entry("aliases", aliases)?;
+        }
+
+        for attr in &self.attributes {
+            map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(map)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A description of a Union schema.
+///
+/// `scale` defaults to 0 and is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and `precision` is an
+/// integer greater than 0.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DecimalSchema {
+    /// The number of digits in the unscaled value
+    pub precision: DecimalMetadata,
+    /// The number of digits to the right of the decimal point
+    pub scale: DecimalMetadata,
+    /// The inner schema of the decimal (fixed or bytes)
+    pub inner: Box<Schema>,
+}
+
+/// A description of a Union schema
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct UnionSchema {
+    /// The schemas that make up this union
+    pub(crate) schemas: Vec<Schema>,
+    // Used to ensure uniqueness of schema inputs, and provide constant time finding of the
+    // schema index given a value.
+    // **NOTE** that this approach does not work for named types, and will have to be modified
+    // to support that. A simple solution is to also keep a mapping of the names used.
+    variant_index: BTreeMap<SchemaKind, usize>,
+}
+
+impl UnionSchema {
+    /// Creates a new UnionSchema from a vector of schemas.
+    pub fn new(schemas: Vec<Schema>) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let mut vindex = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (i, schema) in schemas.iter().enumerate() {
+            if let Schema::Union(_) = schema {
+                return Err(Error::GetNestedUnion);
+            }
+            let kind = SchemaKind::from(schema);
+            if !kind.is_named() && vindex.insert(kind, i).is_some() {
+                return Err(Error::GetUnionDuplicate);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(UnionSchema {
+            schemas,
+            variant_index: vindex,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a slice to all variants of this schema.
+    pub fn variants(&self) -> &[Schema] {
+        &self.schemas
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the any of the variants of this `UnionSchema` is `Null`.
+    pub fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
+        self.schemas.iter().any(|x| matches!(x, Schema::Null))
+    }
+
+    /// Optionally returns a reference to the schema matched by this value, as well as its position
+    /// within this union.
+    #[deprecated(
+        since = "0.15.0",
+        note = "Please use `find_schema_with_known_schemata` instead"
+    )]
+    pub fn find_schema(&self, value: &types::Value) -> Option<(usize, &Schema)> {
+        self.find_schema_with_known_schemata::<Schema>(value, None, &None)
+    }
+
+    /// Optionally returns a reference to the schema matched by this value, as well as its position
+    /// within this union.
+    ///
+    /// Extra arguments:
+    /// - `known_schemata` - mapping between `Name` and `Schema` - if passed, additional external schemas would be used to resolve references.
+    pub fn find_schema_with_known_schemata<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        &self,
+        value: &types::Value,
+        known_schemata: Option<&HashMap<Name, S>>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Option<(usize, &Schema)> {
+        let schema_kind = SchemaKind::from(value);
+        if let Some(&i) = self.variant_index.get(&schema_kind) {
+            // fast path
+            Some((i, &self.schemas[i]))
+        } else {
+            // slow path (required for matching logical or named types)
+
+            // first collect what schemas we already know
+            let mut collected_names: HashMap<Name, &Schema> = known_schemata
+                .map(|names| {
+                    names
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|(name, schema)| (name.clone(), schema.borrow()))
+                        .collect()
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            self.schemas.iter().enumerate().find(|(_, schema)| {
+                let resolved_schema = ResolvedSchema::new_with_known_schemata(
+                    vec![*schema],
+                    enclosing_namespace,
+                    &collected_names,
+                )
+                .expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+                let resolved_names = resolved_schema.names_ref;
+
+                // extend known schemas with just resolved names
+                collected_names.extend(resolved_names);
+                let namespace = &schema.namespace().or_else(|| enclosing_namespace.clone());
+
+                value
+                    .clone()
+                    .resolve_internal(schema, &collected_names, namespace, &None)
+                    .is_ok()
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// No need to compare variant_index, it is derivative of schemas.
+impl PartialEq for UnionSchema {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &UnionSchema) -> bool {
+        self.schemas.eq(&other.schemas)
+    }
+}
+
+type DecimalMetadata = usize;
+pub(crate) type Precision = DecimalMetadata;
+pub(crate) type Scale = DecimalMetadata;
+
+fn parse_json_integer_for_decimal(value: &serde_json::Number) -> Result<DecimalMetadata, Error> {
+    Ok(if value.is_u64() {
+        let num = value
+            .as_u64()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetU64FromJson(value.clone()))?;
+        num.try_into()
+            .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertU64ToUsize(e, num))?
+    } else if value.is_i64() {
+        let num = value
+            .as_i64()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetI64FromJson(value.clone()))?;
+        num.try_into()
+            .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, num))?
+    } else {
+        return Err(Error::GetPrecisionOrScaleFromJson(value.clone()));
+    })
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Parser {
+    input_schemas: HashMap<Name, Value>,
+    /// A map of name -> Schema::Ref
+    /// Used to resolve cyclic references, i.e. when a
+    /// field's type is a reference to its record's type
+    resolving_schemas: Names,
+    input_order: Vec<Name>,
+    /// A map of name -> fully parsed Schema
+    /// Used to avoid parsing the same schema twice
+    parsed_schemas: Names,
+}
+
+impl Schema {
+    /// Converts `self` into its [Parsing Canonical Form].
+    ///
+    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
+    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
+    pub fn canonical_form(&self) -> String {
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(self)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Cannot parse Schema from JSON: {e}"));
+        parsing_canonical_form(&json)
+    }
+
+    /// Generate [fingerprint] of Schema's [Parsing Canonical Form].
+    ///
+    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
+    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
+    /// [fingerprint]:
+    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schema_fingerprints
+    pub fn fingerprint<D: Digest>(&self) -> SchemaFingerprint {
+        let mut d = D::new();
+        d.update(self.canonical_form());
+        SchemaFingerprint {
+            bytes: d.finalize().to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a `Schema` from a string representing a JSON Avro schema.
+    pub fn parse_str(input: &str) -> Result<Schema, Error> {
+        let mut parser = Parser::default();
+        parser.parse_str(input)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a array of `Schema`'s from a list of named JSON Avro schemas (Record, Enum, and
+    /// Fixed).
+    ///
+    /// It is allowed that the schemas have cross-dependencies; these will be resolved
+    /// during parsing.
+    ///
+    /// If two of the input schemas have the same fullname, an Error will be returned.
+    pub fn parse_list(input: &[&str]) -> AvroResult<Vec<Schema>> {
+        let mut input_schemas: HashMap<Name, Value> = HashMap::with_capacity(input.len());
+        let mut input_order: Vec<Name> = Vec::with_capacity(input.len());
+        for js in input {
+            let schema: Value = serde_json::from_str(js).map_err(Error::ParseSchemaJson)?;
+            if let Value::Object(inner) = &schema {
+                let name = Name::parse(inner, &None)?;
+                let previous_value = input_schemas.insert(name.clone(), schema);
+                if previous_value.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::NameCollision(name.fullname(None)));
+                }
+                input_order.push(name);
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::GetNameField);
+            }
+        }
+        let mut parser = Parser {
+            input_schemas,
+            resolving_schemas: HashMap::default(),
+            input_order,
+            parsed_schemas: HashMap::with_capacity(input.len()),
+        };
+        parser.parse_list()
+    }
+
+    /// Create a `Schema` from a reader which implements [`Read`].
+    pub fn parse_reader(reader: &mut (impl Read + ?Sized)) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        match reader.read_to_string(&mut buf) {
+            Ok(_) => Self::parse_str(&buf),
+            Err(e) => Err(Error::ReadSchemaFromReader(e)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parses an Avro schema from JSON.
+    pub fn parse(value: &Value) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let mut parser = Parser::default();
+        parser.parse(value, &None)
+    }
+
+    /// Parses an Avro schema from JSON.
+    /// Any `Schema::Ref`s must be known in the `names` map.
+    pub(crate) fn parse_with_names(value: &Value, names: Names) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let mut parser = Parser {
+            input_schemas: HashMap::with_capacity(1),
+            resolving_schemas: Names::default(),
+            input_order: Vec::with_capacity(1),
+            parsed_schemas: names,
+        };
+        parser.parse(value, &None)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the custom attributes (metadata) if the schema supports them.
+    pub fn custom_attributes(&self) -> Option<&BTreeMap<String, Value>> {
+        match self {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { attributes, .. })
+            | Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { attributes, .. })
+            | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { attributes, .. })
+            | Schema::Array(ArraySchema { attributes, .. })
+            | Schema::Map(MapSchema { attributes, .. }) => Some(attributes),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the name of the schema if it has one.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&Name> {
+        match self {
+            Schema::Ref { name, .. }
+            | Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. })
+            | Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { name, .. })
+            | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { name, .. }) => Some(name),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the namespace of the schema if it has one.
+    pub fn namespace(&self) -> Namespace {
+        self.name().and_then(|n| n.namespace.clone())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the aliases of the schema if it has ones.
+    pub fn aliases(&self) -> Option<&Vec<Alias>> {
+        match self {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { aliases, .. })
+            | Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { aliases, .. })
+            | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { aliases, .. }) => aliases.as_ref(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the doc of the schema if it has one.
+    pub fn doc(&self) -> Option<&String> {
+        match self {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { doc, .. })
+            | Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { doc, .. })
+            | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { doc, .. }) => doc.as_ref(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a Schema::Map with the given types.
+    pub fn map(types: Schema) -> Self {
+        Schema::Map(MapSchema {
+            types: Box::new(types),
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a Schema::Map with the given types and custom attributes.
+    pub fn map_with_attributes(types: Schema, attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>) -> Self {
+        Schema::Map(MapSchema {
+            types: Box::new(types),
+            attributes,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a Schema::Array with the given items.
+    pub fn array(items: Schema) -> Self {
+        Schema::Array(ArraySchema {
+            items: Box::new(items),
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a Schema::Array with the given items and custom attributes.
+    pub fn array_with_attributes(items: Schema, attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>) -> Self {
+        Schema::Array(ArraySchema {
+            items: Box::new(items),
+            attributes,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Parser {
+    /// Create a `Schema` from a string representing a JSON Avro schema.
+    fn parse_str(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Schema, Error> {
+        let value = serde_json::from_str(input).map_err(Error::ParseSchemaJson)?;
+        self.parse(&value, &None)
+    }
+
+    /// Create an array of `Schema`'s from an iterator of JSON Avro schemas. It is allowed that
+    /// the schemas have cross-dependencies; these will be resolved during parsing.
+    fn parse_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Schema>, Error> {
+        while !self.input_schemas.is_empty() {
+            let next_name = self
+                .input_schemas
+                .keys()
+                .next()
+                .expect("Input schemas unexpectedly empty")
+                .to_owned();
+            let (name, value) = self
+                .input_schemas
+                .remove_entry(&next_name)
+                .expect("Key unexpectedly missing");
+            let parsed = self.parse(&value, &None)?;
+            self.parsed_schemas
+                .insert(get_schema_type_name(name, value), parsed);
+        }
+
+        let mut parsed_schemas = Vec::with_capacity(self.parsed_schemas.len());
+        for name in self.input_order.drain(0..) {
+            let parsed = self
+                .parsed_schemas
+                .remove(&name)
+                .expect("One of the input schemas was unexpectedly not parsed");
+            parsed_schemas.push(parsed);
+        }
+        Ok(parsed_schemas)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a `Schema` from a `serde_json::Value` representing a JSON Avro
+    /// schema.
+    fn parse(&mut self, value: &Value, enclosing_namespace: &Namespace) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        match *value {
+            Value::String(ref t) => self.parse_known_schema(t.as_str(), enclosing_namespace),
+            Value::Object(ref data) => self.parse_complex(data, enclosing_namespace),
+            Value::Array(ref data) => self.parse_union(data, enclosing_namespace),
+            _ => Err(Error::ParseSchemaFromValidJson),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing an Avro type whose Schema is known into a
+    /// `Schema`. A Schema for a `serde_json::Value` is known if it is primitive or has
+    /// been parsed previously by the parsed and stored in its map of parsed_schemas.
+    fn parse_known_schema(
+        &mut self,
+        name: &str,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        match name {
+            "null" => Ok(Schema::Null),
+            "boolean" => Ok(Schema::Boolean),
+            "int" => Ok(Schema::Int),
+            "long" => Ok(Schema::Long),
+            "double" => Ok(Schema::Double),
+            "float" => Ok(Schema::Float),
+            "bytes" => Ok(Schema::Bytes),
+            "string" => Ok(Schema::String),
+            _ => self.fetch_schema_ref(name, enclosing_namespace),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Given a name, tries to retrieve the parsed schema from `parsed_schemas`.
+    /// If a parsed schema is not found, it checks if a currently resolving
+    /// schema with that name exists.
+    /// If a resolving schema is not found, it checks if a json with that name exists
+    /// in `input_schemas` and then parses it (removing it from `input_schemas`)
+    /// and adds the parsed schema to `parsed_schemas`.
+    ///
+    /// This method allows schemas definitions that depend on other types to
+    /// parse their dependencies (or look them up if already parsed).
+    fn fetch_schema_ref(
+        &mut self,
+        name: &str,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        fn get_schema_ref(parsed: &Schema) -> Schema {
+            match &parsed {
+                Schema::Record(RecordSchema { ref name, .. })
+                | Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { ref name, .. })
+                | Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { ref name, .. }) => Schema::Ref { name: name.clone() },
+                _ => parsed.clone(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let name = Name::new(name)?;
+        let fully_qualified_name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+
+        if self.parsed_schemas.contains_key(&fully_qualified_name) {
+            return Ok(Schema::Ref {
+                name: fully_qualified_name,
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(resolving_schema) = self.resolving_schemas.get(&fully_qualified_name) {
+            return Ok(resolving_schema.clone());
+        }
+
+        let value = self
+            .input_schemas
+            .remove(&fully_qualified_name)
+            // TODO make a better descriptive error message here that conveys that a named schema cannot be found
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::ParsePrimitive(fully_qualified_name.fullname(None)))?;
+
+        // parsing a full schema from inside another schema. Other full schema will not inherit namespace
+        let parsed = self.parse(&value, &None)?;
+        self.parsed_schemas
+            .insert(get_schema_type_name(name, value), parsed.clone());
+
+        Ok(get_schema_ref(&parsed))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_precision_and_scale(
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+    ) -> Result<(Precision, Scale), Error> {
+        fn get_decimal_integer(
+            complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+            key: &'static str,
+        ) -> Result<DecimalMetadata, Error> {
+            match complex.get(key) {
+                Some(Value::Number(value)) => parse_json_integer_for_decimal(value),
+                None => {
+                    if key == "scale" {
+                        Ok(0)
+                    } else {
+                        Err(Error::GetDecimalMetadataFromJson(key))
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(value) => Err(Error::GetDecimalMetadataValueFromJson {
+                    key: key.into(),
+                    value: value.clone(),
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+        let precision = get_decimal_integer(complex, "precision")?;
+        let scale = get_decimal_integer(complex, "scale")?;
+
+        if precision < 1 {
+            return Err(Error::DecimalPrecisionMuBePositive { precision });
+        }
+
+        if precision < scale {
+            Err(Error::DecimalPrecisionLessThanScale { precision, scale })
+        } else {
+            Ok((precision, scale))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a complex Avro type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    ///
+    /// Avro supports "recursive" definition of types.
+    /// e.g: {"type": {"type": "string"}}
+    fn parse_complex(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        // Try to parse this as a native complex type.
+        fn parse_as_native_complex(
+            complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+            parser: &mut Parser,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+            match complex.get("type") {
+                Some(value) => match value {
+                    Value::String(s) if s == "fixed" => {
+                        parser.parse_fixed(complex, enclosing_namespace)
+                    }
+                    _ => parser.parse(value, enclosing_namespace),
+                },
+                None => Err(Error::GetLogicalTypeField),
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This crate support some logical types natively, and this function tries to convert
+        // a native complex type with a logical type attribute to these logical types.
+        // This function:
+        // 1. Checks whether the native complex type is in the supported kinds.
+        // 2. If it is, using the convert function to convert the native complex type to
+        // a logical type.
+        fn try_convert_to_logical_type<F>(
+            logical_type: &str,
+            schema: Schema,
+            supported_schema_kinds: &[SchemaKind],
+            convert: F,
+        ) -> AvroResult<Schema>
+        where
+            F: Fn(Schema) -> AvroResult<Schema>,
+        {
+            let kind = SchemaKind::from(schema.clone());
+            if supported_schema_kinds.contains(&kind) {
+                convert(schema)
+            } else {
+                warn!(
+                    "Ignoring unknown logical type '{}' for schema of type: {:?}!",
+                    logical_type, schema
+                );
+                Ok(schema)
+            }
+        }
+
+        match complex.get("logicalType") {
+            Some(Value::String(t)) => match t.as_str() {
+                "decimal" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "decimal",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Fixed, SchemaKind::Bytes],
+                        |inner| -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+                            match Self::parse_precision_and_scale(complex) {
+                                Ok((precision, scale)) => Ok(Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                                    precision,
+                                    scale,
+                                    inner: Box::new(inner),
+                                })),
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    warn!("Ignoring invalid decimal logical type: {}", err);
+                                    Ok(inner)
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    );
+                }
+                "big-decimal" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "big-decimal",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Bytes],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::BigDecimal) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "uuid" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "uuid",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::String, SchemaKind::Fixed],
+                        |schema| match schema {
+                            Schema::String => Ok(Schema::Uuid),
+                            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size: 16, .. }) => Ok(Schema::Uuid),
+                            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => {
+                                warn!("Ignoring uuid logical type for a Fixed schema because its size ({size:?}) is not 16! Schema: {:?}", schema);
+                                Ok(schema)
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                warn!(
+                                    "Ignoring invalid uuid logical type for schema: {:?}",
+                                    schema
+                                );
+                                Ok(schema)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    );
+                }
+                "date" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "date",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Int],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::Date) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "time-millis" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "date",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Int],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::TimeMillis) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "time-micros" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "time-micros",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Long],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::TimeMicros) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "timestamp-millis" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "timestamp-millis",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Long],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::TimestampMillis) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "timestamp-micros" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "timestamp-micros",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Long],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::TimestampMicros) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "local-timestamp-millis" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "local-timestamp-millis",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Long],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::LocalTimestampMillis) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "local-timestamp-micros" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "local-timestamp-micros",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Long],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::LocalTimestampMicros) },
+                    );
+                }
+                "duration" => {
+                    return try_convert_to_logical_type(
+                        "duration",
+                        parse_as_native_complex(complex, self, enclosing_namespace)?,
+                        &[SchemaKind::Fixed],
+                        |_| -> AvroResult<Schema> { Ok(Schema::Duration) },
+                    );
+                }
+                // In this case, of an unknown logical type, we just pass through the underlying
+                // type.
+                _ => {}
+            },
+            // The spec says to ignore invalid logical types and just pass through the
+            // underlying type. It is unclear whether that applies to this case or not, where the
+            // `logicalType` is not a string.
+            Some(value) => return Err(Error::GetLogicalTypeFieldType(value.clone())),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        match complex.get("type") {
+            Some(Value::String(t)) => match t.as_str() {
+                "record" => self.parse_record(complex, enclosing_namespace),
+                "enum" => self.parse_enum(complex, enclosing_namespace),
+                "array" => self.parse_array(complex, enclosing_namespace),
+                "map" => self.parse_map(complex, enclosing_namespace),
+                "fixed" => self.parse_fixed(complex, enclosing_namespace),
+                other => self.parse_known_schema(other, enclosing_namespace),
+            },
+            Some(Value::Object(data)) => self.parse_complex(data, enclosing_namespace),
+            Some(Value::Array(variants)) => self.parse_union(variants, enclosing_namespace),
+            Some(unknown) => Err(Error::GetComplexType(unknown.clone())),
+            None => Err(Error::GetComplexTypeField),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn register_resolving_schema(&mut self, name: &Name, aliases: &Aliases) {
+        let resolving_schema = Schema::Ref { name: name.clone() };
+        self.resolving_schemas
+            .insert(name.clone(), resolving_schema.clone());
+
+        let namespace = &name.namespace;
+
+        if let Some(ref aliases) = aliases {
+            aliases.iter().for_each(|alias| {
+                let alias_fullname = alias.fully_qualified_name(namespace);
+                self.resolving_schemas
+                    .insert(alias_fullname, resolving_schema.clone());
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn register_parsed_schema(
+        &mut self,
+        fully_qualified_name: &Name,
+        schema: &Schema,
+        aliases: &Aliases,
+    ) {
+        // FIXME, this should be globally aware, so if there is something overwriting something
+        // else then there is an ambiguous schema definition. An appropriate error should be thrown
+        self.parsed_schemas
+            .insert(fully_qualified_name.clone(), schema.clone());
+        self.resolving_schemas.remove(fully_qualified_name);
+
+        let namespace = &fully_qualified_name.namespace;
+
+        if let Some(ref aliases) = aliases {
+            aliases.iter().for_each(|alias| {
+                let alias_fullname = alias.fully_qualified_name(namespace);
+                self.resolving_schemas.remove(&alias_fullname);
+                self.parsed_schemas.insert(alias_fullname, schema.clone());
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns already parsed schema or a schema that is currently being resolved.
+    fn get_already_seen_schema(
+        &self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Option<&Schema> {
+        match complex.get("type") {
+            Some(Value::String(ref typ)) => {
+                let name = Name::new(typ.as_str())
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                self.resolving_schemas
+                    .get(&name)
+                    .or_else(|| self.parsed_schemas.get(&name))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro record type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_record(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let fields_opt = complex.get("fields");
+
+        if fields_opt.is_none() {
+            if let Some(seen) = self.get_already_seen_schema(complex, enclosing_namespace) {
+                return Ok(seen.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let fully_qualified_name = Name::parse(complex, enclosing_namespace)?;
+        let aliases = fix_aliases_namespace(complex.aliases(), &fully_qualified_name.namespace);
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        self.register_resolving_schema(&fully_qualified_name, &aliases);
+
+        debug!("Going to parse record schema: {:?}", &fully_qualified_name);
+
+        let fields: Vec<RecordField> = fields_opt
+            .and_then(|fields| fields.as_array())
+            .ok_or(Error::GetRecordFieldsJson)
+            .and_then(|fields| {
+                fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|field| field.as_object())
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(position, field)| {
+                        RecordField::parse(field, position, self, &fully_qualified_name)
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()
+            })?;
+
+        for field in &fields {
+            if let Some(_old) = lookup.insert(field.name.clone(), field.position) {
+                return Err(Error::FieldNameDuplicate(field.name.clone()));
+            }
+
+            if let Some(ref field_aliases) = field.aliases {
+                for alias in field_aliases {
+                    lookup.insert(alias.clone(), field.position);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: fully_qualified_name.clone(),
+            aliases: aliases.clone(),
+            doc: complex.doc(),
+            fields,
+            lookup,
+            attributes: self.get_custom_attributes(complex, vec!["fields"]),
+        });
+
+        self.register_parsed_schema(&fully_qualified_name, &schema, &aliases);
+        Ok(schema)
+    }
+
+    fn get_custom_attributes(
+        &self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        excluded: Vec<&'static str>,
+    ) -> BTreeMap<String, Value> {
+        let mut custom_attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (key, value) in complex {
+            match key.as_str() {
+                "type" | "name" | "namespace" | "doc" | "aliases" => continue,
+                candidate if excluded.contains(&candidate) => continue,
+                _ => custom_attributes.insert(key.clone(), value.clone()),
+            };
+        }
+        custom_attributes
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro enum type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_enum(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let symbols_opt = complex.get("symbols");
+
+        if symbols_opt.is_none() {
+            if let Some(seen) = self.get_already_seen_schema(complex, enclosing_namespace) {
+                return Ok(seen.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let fully_qualified_name = Name::parse(complex, enclosing_namespace)?;
+        let aliases = fix_aliases_namespace(complex.aliases(), &fully_qualified_name.namespace);
+
+        let symbols: Vec<String> = symbols_opt
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+            .ok_or(Error::GetEnumSymbolsField)
+            .and_then(|symbols| {
+                symbols
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|symbol| symbol.as_str().map(|s| s.to_string()))
+                    .collect::<Option<_>>()
+                    .ok_or(Error::GetEnumSymbols)
+            })?;
+
+        let mut existing_symbols: HashSet<&String> = HashSet::with_capacity(symbols.len());
+        for symbol in symbols.iter() {
+            validate_enum_symbol_name(symbol)?;
+
+            // Ensure there are no duplicate symbols
+            if existing_symbols.contains(&symbol) {
+                return Err(Error::EnumSymbolDuplicate(symbol.to_string()));
+            }
+
+            existing_symbols.insert(symbol);
+        }
+
+        let mut default: Option<String> = None;
+        if let Some(value) = complex.get("default") {
+            if let Value::String(ref s) = *value {
+                default = Some(s.clone());
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::EnumDefaultWrongType(value.clone()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref value) = default {
+            let resolved = types::Value::from(value.clone())
+                .resolve_enum(&symbols, &Some(value.to_string()), &None)
+                .is_ok();
+            if !resolved {
+                return Err(Error::GetEnumDefault {
+                    symbol: value.to_string(),
+                    symbols,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: fully_qualified_name.clone(),
+            aliases: aliases.clone(),
+            doc: complex.doc(),
+            symbols,
+            default,
+            attributes: self.get_custom_attributes(complex, vec!["symbols"]),
+        });
+
+        self.register_parsed_schema(&fully_qualified_name, &schema, &aliases);
+
+        Ok(schema)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro array type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_array(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        complex
+            .get("items")
+            .ok_or(Error::GetArrayItemsField)
+            .and_then(|items| self.parse(items, enclosing_namespace))
+            .map(|items| {
+                Schema::array_with_attributes(
+                    items,
+                    self.get_custom_attributes(complex, vec!["items"]),
+                )
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro map type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_map(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        complex
+            .get("values")
+            .ok_or(Error::GetMapValuesField)
+            .and_then(|items| self.parse(items, enclosing_namespace))
+            .map(|items| {
+                Schema::map_with_attributes(
+                    items,
+                    self.get_custom_attributes(complex, vec!["values"]),
+                )
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro union type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_union(
+        &mut self,
+        items: &[Value],
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        items
+            .iter()
+            .map(|v| self.parse(v, enclosing_namespace))
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+            .and_then(|schemas| {
+                if schemas.is_empty() {
+                    error!(
+                        "Union schemas should have at least two members! \
+                    Please enable debug logging to find out which Record schema \
+                    declares the union with 'RUST_LOG=apache_avro::schema=debug'."
+                    );
+                } else if schemas.len() == 1 {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Union schema with just one member! Consider dropping the union! \
+                    Please enable debug logging to find out which Record schema \
+                    declares the union with 'RUST_LOG=apache_avro::schema=debug'."
+                    );
+                }
+                Ok(Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(schemas)?))
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro fixed type into a
+    /// `Schema`.
+    fn parse_fixed(
+        &mut self,
+        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
+        let size_opt = complex.get("size");
+        if size_opt.is_none() {
+            if let Some(seen) = self.get_already_seen_schema(complex, enclosing_namespace) {
+                return Ok(seen.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let doc = complex.get("doc").and_then(|v| match &v {
+            Value::String(ref docstr) => Some(docstr.clone()),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+
+        let size = match size_opt {
+            Some(size) => size
+                .as_u64()
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetFixedSizeFieldPositive(size.clone())),
+            None => Err(Error::GetFixedSizeField),
+        }?;
+
+        let default = complex.get("default").and_then(|v| match &v {
+            Value::String(ref default) => Some(default.clone()),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+
+        if default.is_some() {
+            let len = default.clone().unwrap().len();
+            if len != size as usize {
+                return Err(Error::FixedDefaultLenSizeMismatch(len, size));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let fully_qualified_name = Name::parse(complex, enclosing_namespace)?;
+        let aliases = fix_aliases_namespace(complex.aliases(), &fully_qualified_name.namespace);
+
+        let schema = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: fully_qualified_name.clone(),
+            aliases: aliases.clone(),
+            doc,
+            size: size as usize,
+            default,
+            attributes: self.get_custom_attributes(complex, vec!["size"]),
+        });
+
+        self.register_parsed_schema(&fully_qualified_name, &schema, &aliases);
+
+        Ok(schema)
+    }
+}
+
+// A type alias may be specified either as a fully namespace-qualified, or relative
+// to the namespace of the name it is an alias for. For example, if a type named "a.b"
+// has aliases of "c" and "x.y", then the fully qualified names of its aliases are "a.c"
+// and "x.y".
+// https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Aliases
+fn fix_aliases_namespace(aliases: Option<Vec<String>>, namespace: &Namespace) -> Aliases {
+    aliases.map(|aliases| {
+        aliases
+            .iter()
+            .map(|alias| {
+                if alias.find('.').is_none() {
+                    match namespace {
+                        Some(ref ns) => format!("{ns}.{alias}"),
+                        None => alias.clone(),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    alias.clone()
+                }
+            })
+            .map(|alias| Alias::new(alias.as_str()).unwrap())
+            .collect()
+    })
+}
+
+fn get_schema_type_name(name: Name, value: Value) -> Name {
+    match value.get("type") {
+        Some(Value::Object(complex_type)) => match complex_type.name() {
+            Some(name) => Name::new(name.as_str()).unwrap(),
+            _ => name,
+        },
+        _ => name,
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Schema {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        match *self {
+            Schema::Ref { ref name } => serializer.serialize_str(&name.fullname(None)),
+            Schema::Null => serializer.serialize_str("null"),
+            Schema::Boolean => serializer.serialize_str("boolean"),
+            Schema::Int => serializer.serialize_str("int"),
+            Schema::Long => serializer.serialize_str("long"),
+            Schema::Float => serializer.serialize_str("float"),
+            Schema::Double => serializer.serialize_str("double"),
+            Schema::Bytes => serializer.serialize_str("bytes"),
+            Schema::String => serializer.serialize_str("string"),
+            Schema::Array(ref inner) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2 + inner.attributes.len()))?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "array")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("items", &*inner.items.clone())?;
+                for attr in &inner.attributes {
+                    map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+                }
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Map(ref inner) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2 + inner.attributes.len()))?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "map")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("values", &*inner.types.clone())?;
+                for attr in &inner.attributes {
+                    map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+                }
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Union(ref inner) => {
+                let variants = inner.variants();
+                let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(variants.len()))?;
+                for v in variants {
+                    seq.serialize_element(v)?;
+                }
+                seq.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                ref name,
+                ref aliases,
+                ref doc,
+                ref fields,
+                ref attributes,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "record")?;
+                if let Some(ref n) = name.namespace {
+                    map.serialize_entry("namespace", n)?;
+                }
+                map.serialize_entry("name", &name.name)?;
+                if let Some(ref docstr) = doc {
+                    map.serialize_entry("doc", docstr)?;
+                }
+                if let Some(ref aliases) = aliases {
+                    map.serialize_entry("aliases", aliases)?;
+                }
+                map.serialize_entry("fields", fields)?;
+                for attr in attributes {
+                    map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+                }
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                ref name,
+                ref symbols,
+                ref aliases,
+                ref attributes,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "enum")?;
+                if let Some(ref n) = name.namespace {
+                    map.serialize_entry("namespace", n)?;
+                }
+                map.serialize_entry("name", &name.name)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("symbols", symbols)?;
+
+                if let Some(ref aliases) = aliases {
+                    map.serialize_entry("aliases", aliases)?;
+                }
+                for attr in attributes {
+                    map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+                }
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Fixed(ref fixed_schema) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map = fixed_schema.serialize_to_map::<S>(map)?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                ref scale,
+                ref precision,
+                ref inner,
+            }) => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                match inner.as_ref() {
+                    Schema::Fixed(fixed_schema) => {
+                        map = fixed_schema.serialize_to_map::<S>(map)?;
+                    }
+                    Schema::Bytes => {
+                        map.serialize_entry("type", "bytes")?;
+                    }
+                    others => {
+                        return Err(serde::ser::Error::custom(format!(
+                            "DecimalSchema inner type must be Fixed or Bytes, got {:?}",
+                            SchemaKind::from(others)
+                        )));
+                    }
+                }
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "decimal")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("scale", scale)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("precision", precision)?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+
+            Schema::BigDecimal => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "bytes")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "big-decimal")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Uuid => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "string")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "uuid")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Date => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "int")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "date")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::TimeMillis => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "int")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "time-millis")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::TimeMicros => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "time-micros")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::TimestampMillis => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "timestamp-millis")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::TimestampMicros => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "timestamp-micros")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::TimestampNanos => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "timestamp-nanos")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::LocalTimestampMillis => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "local-timestamp-millis")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::LocalTimestampMicros => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "local-timestamp-micros")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::LocalTimestampNanos => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "local-timestamp-nanos")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+            Schema::Duration => {
+                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+
+                // the Avro doesn't indicate what the name of the underlying fixed type of a
+                // duration should be or typically is.
+                let inner = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                    name: Name::new("duration").unwrap(),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    doc: None,
+                    size: 12,
+                    default: None,
+                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                });
+                map.serialize_entry("type", &inner)?;
+                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "duration")?;
+                map.end()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for RecordField {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
+        map.serialize_entry("name", &self.name)?;
+        map.serialize_entry("type", &self.schema)?;
+
+        if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
+            map.serialize_entry("default", default)?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref aliases) = self.aliases {
+            map.serialize_entry("aliases", aliases)?;
+        }
+
+        for attr in &self.custom_attributes {
+            map.serialize_entry(attr.0, attr.1)?;
+        }
+
+        map.end()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses a **valid** avro schema into the Parsing Canonical Form.
+/// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
+fn parsing_canonical_form(schema: &Value) -> String {
+    match schema {
+        Value::Object(map) => pcf_map(map),
+        Value::String(s) => pcf_string(s),
+        Value::Array(v) => pcf_array(v),
+        json => panic!("got invalid JSON value for canonical form of schema: {json}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn pcf_map(schema: &Map<String, Value>) -> String {
+    // Look for the namespace variant up front.
+    let ns = schema.get("namespace").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
+    let typ = schema.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
+    let mut fields = Vec::new();
+    for (k, v) in schema {
+        // Reduce primitive types to their simple form. ([PRIMITIVE] rule)
+        if schema.len() == 1 && k == "type" {
+            // Invariant: function is only callable from a valid schema, so this is acceptable.
+            if let Value::String(s) = v {
+                return pcf_string(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Strip out unused fields ([STRIP] rule)
+        if field_ordering_position(k).is_none()
+            || k == "default"
+            || k == "doc"
+            || k == "aliases"
+            || k == "logicalType"
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Fully qualify the name, if it isn't already ([FULLNAMES] rule).
+        if k == "name" {
+            // Invariant: Only valid schemas. Must be a string.
+            let name = v.as_str().unwrap();
+            let n = match ns {
+                Some(namespace) if is_named_type(typ) && !name.contains('.') => {
+                    Cow::Owned(format!("{namespace}.{name}"))
+                }
+                _ => Cow::Borrowed(name),
+            };
+
+            fields.push((k, format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), pcf_string(&n))));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Strip off quotes surrounding "size" type, if they exist ([INTEGERS] rule).
+        if k == "size" || k == "precision" || k == "scale" {
+            let i = match v.as_str() {
+                Some(s) => s.parse::<i64>().expect("Only valid schemas are accepted!"),
+                None => v.as_i64().unwrap(),
+            };
+            fields.push((k, format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), i)));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // For anything else, recursively process the result.
+        fields.push((
+            k,
+            format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), parsing_canonical_form(v)),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // Sort the fields by their canonical ordering ([ORDER] rule).
+    fields.sort_unstable_by_key(|(k, _)| field_ordering_position(k).unwrap());
+    let inter = fields
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(_, v)| v)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join(",");
+    format!("{{{inter}}}")
+}
+
+fn is_named_type(typ: Option<&str>) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        typ,
+        Some("record") | Some("enum") | Some("fixed") | Some("ref")
+    )
+}
+
+fn pcf_array(arr: &[Value]) -> String {
+    let inter = arr
+        .iter()
+        .map(parsing_canonical_form)
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+        .join(",");
+    format!("[{inter}]")
+}
+
+fn pcf_string(s: &str) -> String {
+    format!("\"{s}\"")
+}
+
+const RESERVED_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
+    "name",
+    "type",
+    "fields",
+    "symbols",
+    "items",
+    "values",
+    "size",
+    "logicalType",
+    "order",
+    "doc",
+    "aliases",
+    "default",
+    "precision",
+    "scale",
+];
+
+// Used to define the ordering and inclusion of fields.
+fn field_ordering_position(field: &str) -> Option<usize> {
+    RESERVED_FIELDS
+        .iter()
+        .position(|&f| f == field)
+        .map(|pos| pos + 1)
+}
+
+/// Trait for types that serve as an Avro data model. Derive implementation available
+/// through `derive` feature. Do not implement directly!
+/// Implement `apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent` to get this trait
+/// through a blanket implementation.
+pub trait AvroSchema {
+    fn get_schema() -> Schema;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "derive")]
+pub mod derive {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Trait for types that serve as fully defined components inside an Avro data model. Derive
+    /// implementation available through `derive` feature. This is what is implemented by
+    /// the `derive(AvroSchema)` macro.
+    ///
+    /// # Implementation guide
+    ///
+    ///### Simple implementation
+    /// To construct a non named simple schema, it is possible to ignore the input argument making the
+    /// general form implementation look like
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// impl AvroSchemaComponent for AType {
+    ///     fn get_schema_in_ctxt(_: &mut Names, _: &Namespace) -> Schema {
+    ///        Schema::?
+    ///    }
+    ///}
+    /// ```
+    /// ### Passthrough implementation
+    /// To construct a schema for a Type that acts as in "inner" type, such as for smart pointers, simply
+    /// pass through the arguments to the inner type
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// impl AvroSchemaComponent for PassthroughType {
+    ///     fn get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas: &mut Names, enclosing_namespace: &Namespace) -> Schema {
+    ///        InnerType::get_schema_in_ctxt(names, enclosing_namespace)
+    ///    }
+    ///}
+    /// ```
+    ///### Complex implementation
+    /// To implement this for Named schema there is a general form needed to avoid creating invalid
+    /// schemas or infinite loops.
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// impl AvroSchemaComponent for ComplexType {
+    ///     fn get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas: &mut Names, enclosing_namespace: &Namespace) -> Schema {
+    ///         // Create the fully qualified name for your type given the enclosing namespace
+    ///         let name =  apache_avro::schema::Name::new("MyName")
+    ///             .expect("Unable to parse schema name")
+    ///             .fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+    ///         let enclosing_namespace = &name.namespace;
+    ///         // Check, if your name is already defined, and if so, return a ref to that name
+    ///         if named_schemas.contains_key(&name) {
+    ///             apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref{name: name.clone()}
+    ///         } else {
+    ///             named_schemas.insert(name.clone(), apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref{name: name.clone()});
+    ///             // YOUR SCHEMA DEFINITION HERE with the name equivalent to "MyName".
+    ///             // For non-simple sub types delegate to their implementation of AvroSchemaComponent
+    ///         }
+    ///    }
+    ///}
+    /// ```
+    pub trait AvroSchemaComponent {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas: &mut Names, enclosing_namespace: &Namespace)
+            -> Schema;
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchema for T
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema() -> Schema {
+            T::get_schema_in_ctxt(&mut HashMap::default(), &None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! impl_schema (
+        ($type:ty, $variant_constructor:expr) => (
+            impl AvroSchemaComponent for $type {
+                fn get_schema_in_ctxt(_: &mut Names, _: &Namespace) -> Schema {
+                    $variant_constructor
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    );
+
+    impl_schema!(bool, Schema::Boolean);
+    impl_schema!(i8, Schema::Int);
+    impl_schema!(i16, Schema::Int);
+    impl_schema!(i32, Schema::Int);
+    impl_schema!(i64, Schema::Long);
+    impl_schema!(u8, Schema::Int);
+    impl_schema!(u16, Schema::Int);
+    impl_schema!(u32, Schema::Long);
+    impl_schema!(f32, Schema::Float);
+    impl_schema!(f64, Schema::Double);
+    impl_schema!(String, Schema::String);
+    impl_schema!(uuid::Uuid, Schema::Uuid);
+    impl_schema!(core::time::Duration, Schema::Duration);
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for Vec<T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            Schema::array(T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for Option<T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            let inner_schema = T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace);
+            Schema::Union(UnionSchema {
+                schemas: vec![Schema::Null, inner_schema.clone()],
+                variant_index: vec![Schema::Null, inner_schema]
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(idx, s)| (SchemaKind::from(s), idx))
+                    .collect(),
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for Map<String, T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            Schema::map(T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for HashMap<String, T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            Schema::map(T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for Box<T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for std::sync::Mutex<T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T> AvroSchemaComponent for Cow<'_, T>
+    where
+        T: AvroSchemaComponent + Clone,
+    {
+        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+            named_schemas: &mut Names,
+            enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        ) -> Schema {
+            T::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::rabin::Rabin;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::{
+        logger::{assert_logged, assert_not_logged},
+        TestResult,
+    };
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_invalid_schema() {
+        assert!(Schema::parse_str("invalid").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_primitive_schema() -> TestResult {
+        assert_eq!(Schema::Null, Schema::parse_str("\"null\"")?);
+        assert_eq!(Schema::Int, Schema::parse_str("\"int\"")?);
+        assert_eq!(Schema::Double, Schema::parse_str("\"double\"")?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_array_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items": "string"}"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(Schema::array(Schema::String), schema);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_map_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "map", "values": "double"}"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(Schema::map(Schema::Double), schema);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", "int"]"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int])?),
+            schema
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_unsupported_schema() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", ["null", "int"], "string"]"#);
+        assert!(schema.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_multi_union_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", "int", "float", "string", "bytes"]"#);
+        assert!(schema.is_ok());
+        let schema = schema?;
+        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(&schema), SchemaKind::Union);
+        let union_schema = match schema {
+            Schema::Union(u) => u,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(union_schema.variants().len(), 5);
+        let mut variants = union_schema.variants().iter();
+        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()), SchemaKind::Null);
+        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()), SchemaKind::Int);
+        assert_eq!(
+            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
+            SchemaKind::Float
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
+            SchemaKind::String
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
+            SchemaKind::Bytes
+        );
+        assert_eq!(variants.next(), None);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3621_nullable_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let nullable_record_field = RecordField {
+            name: "next".to_string(),
+            doc: None,
+            default: None,
+            aliases: None,
+            schema: Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                Schema::Null,
+                Schema::Ref {
+                    name: Name {
+                        name: "LongList".to_owned(),
+                        namespace: None,
+                    },
+                },
+            ])?),
+            order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+            position: 1,
+            custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        assert!(nullable_record_field.is_nullable());
+
+        let non_nullable_record_field = RecordField {
+            name: "next".to_string(),
+            doc: None,
+            default: Some(json!(2)),
+            aliases: None,
+            schema: Schema::Long,
+            order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+            position: 1,
+            custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        assert!(!non_nullable_record_field.is_nullable());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // AVRO-3248
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_of_records() -> TestResult {
+        use std::iter::FromIterator;
+
+        // A and B are the same except the name.
+        let schema_str_a = r#"{
+            "name": "A",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let schema_str_b = r#"{
+            "name": "B",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        // we get Error::GetNameField if we put ["A", "B"] directly here.
+        let schema_str_c = r#"{
+            "name": "C",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "field_one",  "type": ["A", "B"]}
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let schema_c = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_a, schema_str_b, schema_str_c])?
+            .last()
+            .unwrap()
+            .clone();
+
+        let schema_c_expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("C")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![RecordField {
+                name: "field_one".to_string(),
+                doc: None,
+                default: None,
+                aliases: None,
+                schema: Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                    Schema::Ref {
+                        name: Name::new("A")?,
+                    },
+                    Schema::Ref {
+                        name: Name::new("B")?,
+                    },
+                ])?),
+                order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                position: 0,
+                custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+            }],
+            lookup: BTreeMap::from_iter(vec![("field_one".to_string(), 0)]),
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(schema_c, schema_c_expected);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3584_test_recursion_records() -> TestResult {
+        // A and B are the same except the name.
+        let schema_str_a = r#"{
+            "name": "A",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [ {"name": "field_one", "type": "B"} ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let schema_str_b = r#"{
+            "name": "B",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [ {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"} ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let list = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_a, schema_str_b])?;
+
+        let schema_a = list.first().unwrap().clone();
+
+        match schema_a {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. }) => {
+                let f1 = fields.first();
+
+                let ref_schema = Schema::Ref {
+                    name: Name::new("B")?,
+                };
+                assert_eq!(ref_schema, f1.unwrap().schema);
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected a record schema!"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3248_nullable_record() -> TestResult {
+        use std::iter::FromIterator;
+
+        let schema_str_a = r#"{
+            "name": "A",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        // we get Error::GetNameField if we put ["null", "B"] directly here.
+        let schema_str_option_a = r#"{
+            "name": "OptionA",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "field_one",  "type": ["null", "A"], "default": null}
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let schema_option_a = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_a, schema_str_option_a])?
+            .last()
+            .unwrap()
+            .clone();
+
+        let schema_option_a_expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("OptionA")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![RecordField {
+                name: "field_one".to_string(),
+                doc: None,
+                default: Some(Value::Null),
+                aliases: None,
+                schema: Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                    Schema::Null,
+                    Schema::Ref {
+                        name: Name::new("A")?,
+                    },
+                ])?),
+                order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                position: 0,
+                custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+            }],
+            lookup: BTreeMap::from_iter(vec![("field_one".to_string(), 0)]),
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(schema_option_a, schema_option_a_expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_record_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let parsed = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+                    {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("a".to_owned(), 0);
+        lookup.insert("b".to_owned(), 1);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("test")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "a".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: Some(Value::Number(42i64.into())),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Long,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "b".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::String,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(parsed, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3302_record_schema_with_currently_parsing_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "test",
+                "fields": [{
+                    "name": "recordField",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "Node",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "label", "type": "string"},
+                            {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("recordField".to_owned(), 0);
+
+        let mut node_lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        node_lookup.insert("children".to_owned(), 1);
+        node_lookup.insert("label".to_owned(), 0);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("test")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![RecordField {
+                name: "recordField".to_string(),
+                doc: None,
+                default: None,
+                aliases: None,
+                schema: Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                    name: Name::new("Node")?,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    doc: None,
+                    fields: vec![
+                        RecordField {
+                            name: "label".to_string(),
+                            doc: None,
+                            default: None,
+                            aliases: None,
+                            schema: Schema::String,
+                            order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                            position: 0,
+                            custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                        },
+                        RecordField {
+                            name: "children".to_string(),
+                            doc: None,
+                            default: None,
+                            aliases: None,
+                            schema: Schema::array(Schema::Ref {
+                                name: Name::new("Node")?,
+                            }),
+                            order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                            position: 1,
+                            custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    lookup: node_lookup,
+                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                }),
+                order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                position: 0,
+                custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+            }],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(schema, expected);
+
+        let canonical_form = &schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"test","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"recordField","type":{"name":"Node","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"label","type":"string"},{"name":"children","type":{"type":"array","items":"Node"}}]}}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, &expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/pull/99#issuecomment-1016948451
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parsing_of_recursive_type_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "User",
+        "namespace": "office",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "details",
+              "type": [
+                {
+                  "type": "record",
+                  "name": "Employee",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "gender",
+                      "type": {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Gender",
+                        "symbols": [
+                          "male",
+                          "female"
+                        ]
+                      },
+                      "default": "female"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "record",
+                  "name": "Manager",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "gender",
+                      "type": "Gender"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let schema_str = schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"office.User","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"details","type":[{"name":"office.Employee","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"gender","type":{"name":"office.Gender","type":"enum","symbols":["male","female"]}}]},{"name":"office.Manager","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"gender","type":"office.Gender"}]}]}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(schema_str, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parsing_of_recursive_type_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "User",
+        "namespace": "office",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "details",
+              "type": [
+                {
+                  "type": "record",
+                  "name": "Employee",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "id",
+                      "type": {
+                        "type": "fixed",
+                        "name": "EmployeeId",
+                        "size": 16
+                      },
+                      "default": "female"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "record",
+                  "name": "Manager",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "id",
+                      "type": "EmployeeId"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let schema_str = schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"office.User","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"details","type":[{"name":"office.Employee","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"id","type":{"name":"office.EmployeeId","type":"fixed","size":16}}]},{"name":"office.Manager","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"office.EmployeeId"}]}]}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(schema_str, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3302_record_schema_with_currently_parsing_schema_aliases() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "LongList",
+              "aliases": ["LinkedLongs"],
+              "fields" : [
+                {"name": "value", "type": "long"},
+                {"name": "next", "type": ["null", "LinkedLongs"]}
+              ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("value".to_owned(), 0);
+        lookup.insert("next".to_owned(), 1);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name {
+                name: "LongList".to_owned(),
+                namespace: None,
+            },
+            aliases: Some(vec![Alias::new("LinkedLongs").unwrap()]),
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "value".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Long,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "next".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                        Schema::Null,
+                        Schema::Ref {
+                            name: Name {
+                                name: "LongList".to_owned(),
+                                namespace: None,
+                            },
+                        },
+                    ])?),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(schema, expected);
+
+        let canonical_form = &schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"LongList","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"value","type":"long"},{"name":"next","type":["null","LongList"]}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, &expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3370_record_schema_with_currently_parsing_schema_named_record() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type" : "record",
+              "name" : "record",
+              "fields" : [
+                 { "name" : "value", "type" : "long" },
+                 { "name" : "next", "type" : "record" }
+             ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("value".to_owned(), 0);
+        lookup.insert("next".to_owned(), 1);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name {
+                name: "record".to_owned(),
+                namespace: None,
+            },
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "value".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Long,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "next".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Ref {
+                        name: Name {
+                            name: "record".to_owned(),
+                            namespace: None,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(schema, expected);
+
+        let canonical_form = &schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"record","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"value","type":"long"},{"name":"next","type":"record"}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, &expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3370_record_schema_with_currently_parsing_schema_named_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type" : "record",
+              "name" : "record",
+              "fields" : [
+                 {
+                    "type" : "enum",
+                    "name" : "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["one", "two", "three"]
+                 },
+                 { "name" : "next", "type" : "enum" }
+             ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("enum".to_owned(), 0);
+        lookup.insert("next".to_owned(), 1);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name {
+                name: "record".to_owned(),
+                namespace: None,
+            },
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "enum".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                        name: Name {
+                            name: "enum".to_owned(),
+                            namespace: None,
+                        },
+                        aliases: None,
+                        doc: None,
+                        symbols: vec!["one".to_string(), "two".to_string(), "three".to_string()],
+                        default: None,
+                        attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "next".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                        name: Name {
+                            name: "enum".to_owned(),
+                            namespace: None,
+                        },
+                        aliases: None,
+                        doc: None,
+                        symbols: vec!["one".to_string(), "two".to_string(), "three".to_string()],
+                        default: None,
+                        attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(schema, expected);
+
+        let canonical_form = &schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"record","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"enum","type":{"name":"enum","type":"enum","symbols":["one","two","three"]}},{"name":"next","type":{"name":"enum","type":"enum","symbols":["one","two","three"]}}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, &expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3370_record_schema_with_currently_parsing_schema_named_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type" : "record",
+              "name" : "record",
+              "fields" : [
+                 {
+                    "type" : "fixed",
+                    "name" : "fixed",
+                    "size": 456
+                 },
+                 { "name" : "next", "type" : "fixed" }
+             ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+        lookup.insert("fixed".to_owned(), 0);
+        lookup.insert("next".to_owned(), 1);
+
+        let expected = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name {
+                name: "record".to_owned(),
+                namespace: None,
+            },
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "fixed".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                        name: Name {
+                            name: "fixed".to_owned(),
+                            namespace: None,
+                        },
+                        aliases: None,
+                        doc: None,
+                        size: 456,
+                        default: None,
+                        attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "next".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                        name: Name {
+                            name: "fixed".to_owned(),
+                            namespace: None,
+                        },
+                        aliases: None,
+                        doc: None,
+                        size: 456,
+                        default: None,
+                        attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(schema, expected);
+
+        let canonical_form = &schema.canonical_form();
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"record","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"fixed","type":{"name":"fixed","type":"fixed","size":456}},{"name":"next","type":{"name":"fixed","type":"fixed","size":456}}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, &expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enum_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Suit", "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"]}"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let expected = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::new("Suit")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec![
+                "diamonds".to_owned(),
+                "spades".to_owned(),
+                "clubs".to_owned(),
+                "hearts".to_owned(),
+            ],
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enum_schema_duplicate() -> TestResult {
+        // Duplicate "diamonds"
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Suit", "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"]}"#,
+        );
+        assert!(schema.is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enum_schema_name() -> TestResult {
+        // Invalid name "0000" does not match [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Enum", "symbols": ["0000", "variant"]}"#,
+        );
+        assert!(schema.is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fixed_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "test", "size": 16}"#)?;
+
+        let expected = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::new("test")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            size: 16_usize,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fixed_schema_with_documentation() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "test", "size": 16, "doc": "FixedSchema documentation"}"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let expected = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::new("test")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: Some(String::from("FixedSchema documentation")),
+            size: 16_usize,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_documentation() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Coin", "symbols": ["heads", "tails"]}"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let doc = match schema {
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { doc, .. }) => doc,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        assert!(doc.is_none());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_documentation() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Coin", "doc": "Some documentation", "symbols": ["heads", "tails"]}"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let doc = match schema {
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { doc, .. }) => doc,
+            _ => None,
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!("Some documentation".to_owned(), doc.unwrap());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Tests to ensure Schema is Send + Sync. These tests don't need to _do_ anything, if they can
+    // compile, they pass.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_schema_is_send() {
+        fn send<S: Send>(_s: S) {}
+
+        let schema = Schema::Null;
+        send(schema);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_schema_is_sync() {
+        fn sync<S: Sync>(_s: S) {}
+
+        let schema = Schema::Null;
+        sync(&schema);
+        sync(schema);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_schema_fingerprint() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::rabin::Rabin;
+        use md5::Md5;
+        use sha2::Sha256;
+
+        let raw_schema = r#"
+    {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "test",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {"name": "c", "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}
+        ]
+    }
+"#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            "7eb3b28d73dfc99bdd9af1848298b40804a2f8ad5d2642be2ecc2ad34842b987",
+            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Sha256>())
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            "cb11615e412ee5d872620d8df78ff6ae",
+            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Md5>())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            "92f2ccef718c6754",
+            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>())
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_logical_types() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::Date);
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::TimestampMicros);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nullable_logical_type() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type": ["null", {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}]}"#,
+        )?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            schema,
+            Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                Schema::Null,
+                Schema::TimestampMicros,
+            ])?)
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn record_field_order_from_str() -> TestResult {
+        use std::str::FromStr;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("ascending").unwrap(),
+            RecordFieldOrder::Ascending
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("descending").unwrap(),
+            RecordFieldOrder::Descending
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("ignore").unwrap(),
+            RecordFieldOrder::Ignore
+        );
+        assert!(RecordFieldOrder::from_str("not an ordering").is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3374_preserve_namespace_for_primitive() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type" : "record",
+              "name" : "ns.int",
+              "fields" : [
+                {"name" : "value", "type" : "int"},
+                {"name" : "next", "type" : [ "null", "ns.int" ]}
+              ]
+            }
+            "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let json = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(
+            json,
+            r#"{"name":"ns.int","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"value","type":"int"},{"name":"next","type":["null","ns.int"]}]}"#
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_preserve_schema_refs_in_json() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+      "name": "test.test",
+      "type": "record",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "bar",
+          "type": { "name": "test.foo", "type": "record", "fields": [{ "name": "id", "type": "long" }] }
+        },
+        { "name": "baz", "type": "test.foo" }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"test.test","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"bar","type":{"name":"test.foo","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"long"}]}},{"name":"baz","type":"test.foo"}]}"#;
+        assert_eq!(schema.canonical_form(), expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_read_namespace_from_name() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+      "name": "space.name",
+      "type": "record",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "num",
+          "type": "int"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_eq!(name.name, "name");
+            assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("space".to_string()));
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected a record schema!");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_namespace_from_name_has_priority_over_from_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+      "name": "space1.name",
+      "namespace": "space2",
+      "type": "record",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "num",
+          "type": "int"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("space1".to_string()));
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected a record schema!");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_namespace_from_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+    {
+      "name": "name",
+      "namespace": "space2",
+      "type": "record",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "num",
+          "type": "int"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("space2".to_string()));
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected a record schema!");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Zero-length namespace is considered as no-namespace.
+    fn test_namespace_from_name_with_empty_value() -> TestResult {
+        let name = Name::new(".name")?;
+        assert_eq!(name.name, "name");
+        assert_eq!(name.namespace, None);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Whitespace is not allowed in the name.
+    fn test_name_with_whitespace_value() {
+        match Name::new(" ") {
+            Err(Error::InvalidSchemaName(_, _)) => {}
+            _ => panic!("Expected an Error::InvalidSchemaName!"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// The name must be non-empty.
+    fn test_name_with_no_name_part() {
+        match Name::new("space.") {
+            Err(Error::InvalidSchemaName(_, _)) => {}
+            _ => panic!("Expected an Error::InvalidSchemaName!"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_record_inherited_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                    "type":"double"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_record_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_record_qualified_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                    "type":"double"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_record_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_enum_inherited_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"enum",
+                            "name":"inner_enum_name",
+                            "symbols":["Extensive","Testing"]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_enum_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_enum_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_enum_qualified_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"enum",
+                            "name":"inner_enum_name",
+                            "symbols":["Extensive","Testing"]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_enum_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_enum_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_fixed_inherited_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"fixed",
+                            "name":"inner_fixed_name",
+                            "size": 16
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_fixed_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_fixed_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_fixed_qualified_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"fixed",
+                            "name":"inner_fixed_name",
+                            "size": 16
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_fixed_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.inner_fixed_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_record_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"inner_space",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                    "type":"double"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_space.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "inner_space.inner_record_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_enum_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"enum",
+                            "name":"inner_enum_name",
+                            "namespace": "inner_space",
+                            "symbols":["Extensive","Testing"]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_space.inner_enum_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "inner_space.inner_enum_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_resolution_inner_fixed_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"fixed",
+                            "name":"inner_fixed_name",
+                            "namespace": "inner_space",
+                            "size": 16
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_space.inner_fixed_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "inner_space.inner_fixed_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_multi_level_resolution_inner_record_outer_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"middle_record_name",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 3);
+        for s in &[
+            "space.record_name",
+            "space.middle_record_name",
+            "space.inner_record_name",
+        ] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_multi_level_resolution_inner_record_middle_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "middle_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 3);
+        for s in &[
+            "space.record_name",
+            "middle_namespace.middle_record_name",
+            "middle_namespace.inner_record_name",
+        ] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_multi_level_resolution_inner_record_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "namespace":"inner_namespace",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 3);
+        for s in &[
+            "space.record_name",
+            "middle_namespace.middle_record_name",
+            "inner_namespace.inner_record_name",
+        ] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_in_array_resolution_inherited_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": {
+                  "type":"array",
+                  "items":{
+                      "type":"record",
+                      "name":"in_array_record",
+                      "fields": [
+                          {
+                              "name":"array_record_field",
+                              "type":"string"
+                          }
+                      ]
+                  }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+                "name":"outer_field_2",
+                "type":"in_array_record"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.in_array_record"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3448_test_proper_in_map_resolution_inherited_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": {
+                  "type":"map",
+                  "values":{
+                      "type":"record",
+                      "name":"in_map_record",
+                      "fields": [
+                          {
+                              "name":"map_record_field",
+                              "type":"string"
+                          }
+                      ]
+                  }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+                "name":"outer_field_2",
+                "type":"in_map_record"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "space.in_map_record"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3466_test_to_json_inner_enum_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+        "name": "record_name",
+        "namespace": "space",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+            "name": "outer_field_1",
+            "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"enum",
+                            "name":"inner_enum_name",
+                            "namespace": "inner_space",
+                            "symbols":["Extensive","Testing"]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_space.inner_enum_name"
+            }
+        ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+
+        // confirm we have expected 2 full-names
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "inner_space.inner_enum_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        // convert Schema back to JSON string
+        let schema_str = serde_json::to_string(&schema).expect("test failed");
+        let _schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str).expect("test failed");
+        assert_eq!(schema, _schema);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3466_test_to_json_inner_fixed_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+        "name": "record_name",
+        "namespace": "space",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+            "name": "outer_field_1",
+            "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type":"fixed",
+                            "name":"inner_fixed_name",
+                            "namespace": "inner_space",
+                            "size":54
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_space.inner_fixed_name"
+            }
+        ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(&schema).expect("Schema didn't successfully parse");
+
+        // confirm we have expected 2 full-names
+        assert_eq!(rs.get_names().len(), 2);
+        for s in &["space.record_name", "inner_space.inner_fixed_name"] {
+            assert!(rs.get_names().contains_key(&Name::new(s)?));
+        }
+
+        // convert Schema back to JSON string
+        let schema_str = serde_json::to_string(&schema).expect("test failed");
+        let _schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str).expect("test failed");
+        assert_eq!(schema, _schema);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn assert_avro_3512_aliases(aliases: &Aliases) {
+        match aliases {
+            Some(aliases) => {
+                assert_eq!(aliases.len(), 3);
+                assert_eq!(aliases[0], Alias::new("space.b").unwrap());
+                assert_eq!(aliases[1], Alias::new("x.y").unwrap());
+                assert_eq!(aliases[2], Alias::new(".c").unwrap());
+            }
+            None => {
+                panic!("'aliases' must be Some");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3512_alias_with_null_namespace_record() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "fields" : [
+                {"name": "time", "type": "long"}
+              ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { ref aliases, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_avro_3512_aliases(aliases);
+        } else {
+            panic!("The Schema should be a record: {schema:?}");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3512_alias_with_null_namespace_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "enum",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "symbols" : [
+                "symbol1", "symbol2"
+              ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { ref aliases, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_avro_3512_aliases(aliases);
+        } else {
+            panic!("The Schema should be an enum: {schema:?}");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3512_alias_with_null_namespace_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "fixed",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "size" : 12
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        if let Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { ref aliases, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_avro_3512_aliases(aliases);
+        } else {
+            panic!("The Schema should be a fixed: {schema:?}");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3518_serialize_aliases_record() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "fields" : [
+                {
+                    "name": "time",
+                    "type": "long",
+                    "doc": "The documentation is not serialized",
+                    "default": 123,
+                    "aliases": ["time1", "ns.time2"]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&schema)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"aliases":["space.b","x.y","c"],"fields":[{"aliases":["time1","ns.time2"],"default":123,"name":"time","type":"long"}],"name":"a","namespace":"space","type":"record"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3518_serialize_aliases_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "enum",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "symbols" : [
+                "symbol1", "symbol2"
+              ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&schema)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"aliases":["space.b","x.y","c"],"name":"a","namespace":"space","symbols":["symbol1","symbol2"],"type":"enum"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3518_serialize_aliases_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+              "type": "fixed",
+              "name": "a",
+              "namespace": "space",
+              "aliases": ["b", "x.y", ".c"],
+              "size" : 12
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&schema)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"aliases":["space.b","x.y","c"],"name":"a","namespace":"space","size":12,"type":"fixed"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3130_parse_anonymous_union_type() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "AccountEvent",
+            "fields": [
+                {"type":
+                  ["null",
+                   { "name": "accountList",
+                      "type": {
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": "long"
+                      }
+                  }
+                  ],
+                 "name":"NullableLongArray"
+               }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) = schema {
+            assert_eq!(name, Name::new("AccountEvent")?);
+
+            let field = &fields[0];
+            assert_eq!(&field.name, "NullableLongArray");
+
+            if let Schema::Union(ref union) = field.schema {
+                assert_eq!(union.schemas[0], Schema::Null);
+
+                if let Schema::Array(ref array_schema) = union.schemas[1] {
+                    if let Schema::Long = *array_schema.items {
+                        // OK
+                    } else {
+                        panic!("Expected a Schema::Array of type Long");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    panic!("Expected Schema::Array");
+                }
+            } else {
+                panic!("Expected Schema::Union");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected Schema::Record");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_custom_attributes_schema_without_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let schemata_str = [
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Rec",
+                "doc": "A Record schema without custom attributes",
+                "fields": []
+            }
+            "#,
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "Enum",
+                "doc": "An Enum schema without custom attributes",
+                "symbols": []
+            }
+            "#,
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "Fixed",
+                "doc": "A Fixed schema without custom attributes",
+                "size": 0
+            }
+            "#,
+        ];
+        for schema_str in schemata_str.iter() {
+            let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+            assert_eq!(schema.custom_attributes(), Some(&Default::default()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    const CUSTOM_ATTRS_SUFFIX: &str = r#"
+            "string_key": "value",
+            "number_key": 1.23,
+            "null_key": null,
+            "array_key": [1, 2, 3],
+            "object_key": {
+                "key": "value"
+            }
+        "#;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3609_custom_attributes_schema_with_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let schemata_str = [
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Rec",
+                "namespace": "ns",
+                "doc": "A Record schema with custom attributes",
+                "fields": [],
+                {{{}}}
+            }
+            "#,
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "Enum",
+                "namespace": "ns",
+                "doc": "An Enum schema with custom attributes",
+                "symbols": [],
+                {{{}}}
+            }
+            "#,
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "Fixed",
+                "namespace": "ns",
+                "doc": "A Fixed schema with custom attributes",
+                "size": 2,
+                {{{}}}
+            }
+            "#,
+        ];
+
+        for schema_str in schemata_str.iter() {
+            let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+                schema_str
+                    .to_owned()
+                    .replace("{{{}}}", CUSTOM_ATTRS_SUFFIX)
+                    .as_str(),
+            )?;
+
+            assert_eq!(
+                schema.custom_attributes(),
+                Some(&expected_custom_attributes())
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn expected_custom_attributes() -> BTreeMap<String, Value> {
+        let mut expected_attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value> = Default::default();
+        expected_attributes.insert("string_key".to_string(), Value::String("value".to_string()));
+        expected_attributes.insert("number_key".to_string(), json!(1.23));
+        expected_attributes.insert("null_key".to_string(), Value::Null);
+        expected_attributes.insert(
+            "array_key".to_string(),
+            Value::Array(vec![json!(1), json!(2), json!(3)]),
+        );
+        let mut object_value: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::new();
+        object_value.insert("key".to_string(), Value::String("value".to_string()));
+        expected_attributes.insert("object_key".to_string(), json!(object_value));
+        expected_attributes
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3609_custom_attributes_record_field_without_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = String::from(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Rec",
+                "doc": "A Record schema without custom attributes",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "field_one",
+                        "type": "float",
+                        {{{}}}
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str.replace("{{{}}}", CUSTOM_ATTRS_SUFFIX).as_str())?;
+
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(name, Name::new("Rec")?);
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = &fields[0];
+                assert_eq!(&field.name, "field_one");
+                assert_eq!(field.custom_attributes, expected_custom_attributes());
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3625_null_is_first() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = String::from(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "union_schema_test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": ["null", "long"], "default": null}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str)?;
+
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(name, Name::new("union_schema_test")?);
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = &fields[0];
+                assert_eq!(&field.name, "a");
+                assert_eq!(&field.default, &Some(Value::Null));
+                match &field.schema {
+                    Schema::Union(union) => {
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants().len(), 2);
+                        assert!(union.is_nullable());
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[0], Schema::Null);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[1], Schema::Long);
+                    }
+                    _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Union"),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3625_null_is_last() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = String::from(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "union_schema_test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": ["long","null"], "default": 123}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str)?;
+
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(name, Name::new("union_schema_test")?);
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = &fields[0];
+                assert_eq!(&field.name, "a");
+                assert_eq!(&field.default, &Some(json!(123)));
+                match &field.schema {
+                    Schema::Union(union) => {
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants().len(), 2);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[0], Schema::Long);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[1], Schema::Null);
+                    }
+                    _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Union"),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3625_null_is_the_middle() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = String::from(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "union_schema_test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": ["long","null","int"], "default": 123}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str)?;
+
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(name, Name::new("union_schema_test")?);
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = &fields[0];
+                assert_eq!(&field.name, "a");
+                assert_eq!(&field.default, &Some(json!(123)));
+                match &field.schema {
+                    Schema::Union(union) => {
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants().len(), 3);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[0], Schema::Long);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[1], Schema::Null);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[2], Schema::Int);
+                    }
+                    _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Union"),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3649_default_notintfirst() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = String::from(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "union_schema_test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": ["string", "int"], "default": 123}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#,
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str)?;
+
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(name, Name::new("union_schema_test")?);
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = &fields[0];
+                assert_eq!(&field.name, "a");
+                assert_eq!(&field.default, &Some(json!(123)));
+                match &field.schema {
+                    Schema::Union(union) => {
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants().len(), 2);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[0], Schema::String);
+                        assert_eq!(union.variants()[1], Schema::Int);
+                    }
+                    _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Union"),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3709_parsing_of_record_field_aliases() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "rec",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "num",
+              "type": "int",
+              "aliases": ["num1", "num2"]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. }) = schema {
+            let num_field = &fields[0];
+            assert_eq!(num_field.name, "num");
+            assert_eq!(num_field.aliases, Some(vec!("num1".into(), "num2".into())));
+        } else {
+            panic!("Expected a record schema!");
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3735_parse_enum_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "name.space",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUse",
+                    "type": "Bar"
+                }
+            ]
+        } 
+        "#;
+
+        #[derive(
+            Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+        )]
+        pub enum Bar {
+            #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+            Bar0,
+            #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+            Bar1,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+        pub struct Foo {
+            #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+            pub bar_init: Bar,
+            #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+            pub bar_use: Bar,
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+
+        let foo = Foo {
+            bar_init: Bar::Bar0,
+            bar_use: Bar::Bar1,
+        };
+
+        let avro_value = crate::to_value(foo)?;
+        assert!(avro_value.validate(&schema));
+
+        let mut writer = crate::Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        // schema validation happens here
+        writer.append(avro_value)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3755_deserialize() -> TestResult {
+        #[derive(
+            Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+        )]
+        pub enum Bar {
+            #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+            Bar0,
+            #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+            Bar1,
+            #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+            Bar2,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+        pub struct Foo {
+            #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+            pub bar_init: Bar,
+            #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+            pub bar_use: Bar,
+        }
+
+        let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUse",
+                    "type": "Bar"
+                }
+            ]
+            }"#;
+
+        let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "name.space",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1",
+                            "bar2"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUse",
+                    "type": "Bar"
+                }
+            ]
+            }"#;
+
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+        let foo = Foo {
+            bar_init: Bar::Bar0,
+            bar_use: Bar::Bar1,
+        };
+        let avro_value = crate::to_value(foo)?;
+        assert!(
+            avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+            "value is valid for schema",
+        );
+        let datum = crate::to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+        let mut x = &datum[..];
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+        let deser_value = crate::from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+        match deser_value {
+            types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+                assert_eq!(fields.len(), 2);
+                assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barInit");
+                assert_eq!(fields[0].1, types::Value::Enum(0, "bar0".to_string()));
+                assert_eq!(fields[1].0, "barUse");
+                assert_eq!(fields[1].1, types::Value::Enum(1, "bar1".to_string()));
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3780_decimal_schema_type_with_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "recordWithDecimal",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "decimal",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "nestedFixed",
+                "size": 8,
+                "logicalType": "decimal",
+                "precision": 4
+            }
+          ]
+        });
+
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema);
+        assert!(
+            parse_result.is_ok(),
+            "parse result must be ok, got: {:?}",
+            parse_result
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3772_enum_default_wrong_type() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {
+              "name": "c",
+              "type": {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "suit",
+                "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"],
+                "default": 123
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema) {
+            Err(err) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    err.to_string(),
+                    "Default value for enum must be a string! Got: 123"
+                );
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected an error"),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3812_handle_null_namespace_properly() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "namespace": "",
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "a",
+              "type": {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "my_enum",
+                "namespace": "",
+                "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "b",
+              "type": {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "my_fixed",
+                "namespace": "",
+                "size": 10
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+         }
+         "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"a","type":{"name":"my_enum","type":"enum","symbols":["a","b"]}},{"name":"b","type":{"name":"my_fixed","type":"fixed","size":10}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        let name = Name::new("my_name")?;
+        let fullname = name.fullname(Some("".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(fullname, "my_name");
+        let qname = name.fully_qualified_name(&Some("".to_string())).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(qname, "my_name");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3818_inherit_enclosing_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        // Enclosing namespace is specified but inner namespaces are not.
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "namespace": "my_ns",
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "enum1",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "fixed1",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_ns.my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"my_ns.enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"my_ns.fixed1","type":"fixed","size":1}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Enclosing namespace and inner namespaces are specified
+        // but inner namespaces are ""
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "namespace": "my_ns",
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "enum1",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "namespace": "",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "fixed1",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "namespace": "",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_ns.my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"fixed1","type":"fixed","size":1}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Enclosing namespace is "" and inner non-empty namespaces are specified.
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "namespace": "",
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "enum1",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "namespace": "f1.ns",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "f2.ns.fixed1",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"f1.ns.enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"f2.ns.fixed1","type":"fixed","size":1}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Nested complex types with non-empty enclosing namespace.
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "my_ns.my_schema",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "inner_record1",
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "name": "f1_1",
+                    "type": {
+                      "name": "enum1",
+                      "type": "enum",
+                      "symbols": ["a"]
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+                "type": {
+                "name": "inner_record2",
+                "type": "record",
+                "namespace": "inner_ns",
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "name": "f2_1",
+                    "type": {
+                      "name": "enum2",
+                      "type": "enum",
+                      "symbols": ["a"]
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_ns.my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"my_ns.inner_record1","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1_1","type":{"name":"my_ns.enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}}]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"inner_ns.inner_record2","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f2_1","type":{"name":"inner_ns.enum2","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}}]}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3779_bigdecimal_schema() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = json!(
+            {
+                "name": "decimal",
+                "type": "bytes",
+                "logicalType": "big-decimal"
+            }
+        );
+
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema);
+        assert!(
+            parse_result.is_ok(),
+            "parse result must be ok, got: {:?}",
+            parse_result
+        );
+        match parse_result? {
+            Schema::BigDecimal => (),
+            other => panic!("Expected Schema::BigDecimal but got: {other:?}"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3820_deny_invalid_field_names() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "my_record",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1.x",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "my_enum",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "my_fixed",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::FieldName(x)) if x == "f1.x" => Ok(()),
+            other => Err(format!("Expected Error::FieldName, got {other:?}").into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3827_disallow_duplicate_field_names() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "a",
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": []
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "b",
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": []
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::FieldNameDuplicate(_)) => (),
+            other => {
+                return Err(format!("Expected Error::FieldNameDuplicate, got {other:?}").into());
+            }
+        };
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "my_schema",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "a",
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": {
+                      "name": "b",
+                      "type": "record",
+                      "fields": []
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"my_schema","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"a","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"b","type":"record","fields":[]}}]}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3830_null_namespace_in_fully_qualified_names() -> TestResult {
+        // Check whether all the named types don't refer to the namespace field
+        // if their name starts with a dot.
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": ".record1",
+          "namespace": "ns1",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": ".enum1",
+                "namespace": "ns2",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": ".fxed1",
+                "namespace": "ns3",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"record1","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"fxed1","type":"fixed","size":1}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Check whether inner types don't inherit ns1.
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": ".record1",
+          "namespace": "ns1",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "f1",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "enum1",
+                "type": "enum",
+                "symbols": ["a"]
+              }
+            },  {
+              "name": "f2",
+              "type": {
+                "name": "fxed1",
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "size": 1
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"record1","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":{"name":"enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}},{"name":"f2","type":{"name":"fxed1","type":"fixed","size":1}}]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        let name = Name::new(".my_name")?;
+        let fullname = name.fullname(None);
+        assert_eq!(fullname, "my_name");
+        let qname = name.fully_qualified_name(&None).to_string();
+        assert_eq!(qname, "my_name");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3814_schema_resolution_failure() -> TestResult {
+        // Define a reader schema: a nested record with an optional field.
+        let reader_schema = json!(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "MyOuterRecord",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "inner_record",
+                        "type": [
+                            "null",
+                            {
+                                "type": "record",
+                                "name": "MyRecord",
+                                "fields": [
+                                    {"name": "a", "type": "string"}
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "default": null
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        );
+
+        // Define a writer schema: a nested record with an optional field, which
+        // may optionally contain an enum.
+        let writer_schema = json!(
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "MyOuterRecord",
+                "fields": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "inner_record",
+                        "type": [
+                            "null",
+                            {
+                                "type": "record",
+                                "name": "MyRecord",
+                                "fields": [
+                                    {"name": "a", "type": "string"},
+                                    {
+                                        "name": "b",
+                                        "type": [
+                                            "null",
+                                            {
+                                                "type": "enum",
+                                                "name": "MyEnum",
+                                                "symbols": ["A", "B", "C"],
+                                                "default": "C"
+                                            }
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": null
+                                    },
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                ],
+                "default": null
+            }
+        );
+
+        // Use different structs to represent the "Reader" and the "Writer"
+        // to mimic two different versions of a producer & consumer application.
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+        struct MyInnerRecordReader {
+            a: String,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+        struct MyRecordReader {
+            inner_record: Option<MyInnerRecordReader>,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+        enum MyEnum {
+            A,
+            B,
+            C,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+        struct MyInnerRecordWriter {
+            a: String,
+            b: Option<MyEnum>,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+        struct MyRecordWriter {
+            inner_record: Option<MyInnerRecordWriter>,
+        }
+
+        let s = MyRecordWriter {
+            inner_record: Some(MyInnerRecordWriter {
+                a: "foo".to_string(),
+                b: None,
+            }),
+        };
+
+        // Serialize using the writer schema.
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse(&writer_schema)?;
+        let avro_value = crate::to_value(s)?;
+        assert!(
+            avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+            "value is valid for schema",
+        );
+        let datum = crate::to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+
+        // Now, attempt to deserialize using the reader schema.
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse(&reader_schema)?;
+        let mut x = &datum[..];
+
+        // Deserialization should succeed and we should be able to resolve the schema.
+        let deser_value = crate::from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+        assert!(deser_value.validate(&reader_schema));
+
+        // Verify that we can read a field from the record.
+        let d: MyRecordReader = crate::from_value(&deser_value)?;
+        assert_eq!(d.inner_record.unwrap().a, "foo".to_string());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3837_disallow_invalid_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        // Valid namespace #1 (Single name portion)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record1",
+          "namespace": "ns1",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": []
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"ns1.record1","type":"record","fields":[]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Valid namespace #2 (multiple name portions).
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "enum1",
+          "namespace": "ns1.foo.bar",
+          "type": "enum",
+          "symbols": ["a"]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let expected = r#"{"name":"ns1.foo.bar.enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a"]}"#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        assert_eq!(canonical_form, expected);
+
+        // Invalid namespace #1 (a name portion starts with dot)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "fixed1",
+          "namespace": ".ns1.a.b",
+          "type": "fixed",
+          "size": 1
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(_, _)) => (),
+            other => return Err(format!("Expected Error::InvalidNamespace, got {other:?}").into()),
+        };
+
+        // Invalid namespace #2 (invalid character in a name portion)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record1",
+          "namespace": "ns1.a*b.c",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": []
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(_, _)) => (),
+            other => return Err(format!("Expected Error::InvalidNamespace, got {other:?}").into()),
+        };
+
+        // Invalid namespace #3 (a name portion starts with a digit)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "fixed1",
+          "namespace": "ns1.1a.b",
+          "type": "fixed",
+          "size": 1
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(_, _)) => (),
+            other => return Err(format!("Expected Error::InvalidNamespace, got {other:?}").into()),
+        };
+
+        // Invalid namespace #4 (a name portion is missing - two dots in a row)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "fixed1",
+          "namespace": "ns1..a",
+          "type": "fixed",
+          "size": 1
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(_, _)) => (),
+            other => return Err(format!("Expected Error::InvalidNamespace, got {other:?}").into()),
+        };
+
+        // Invalid namespace #5 (a name portion is missing - ends with a dot)
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "fixed1",
+          "namespace": "ns1.a.",
+          "type": "fixed",
+          "size": 1
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema_str) {
+            Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(_, _)) => (),
+            other => return Err(format!("Expected Error::InvalidNamespace, got {other:?}").into()),
+        };
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_simple_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": "int",
+                    "default": "invalid"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#""int""#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_nested_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "name": "record2",
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "f1_1",
+                                "type": "int"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "default": "invalid"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#"{"name":"ns.record2","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f1_1","type":"int"}]}"#
+                .to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_enum_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "name": "enum1",
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+                    },
+                    "default": "invalid"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#"{"name":"ns.enum1","type":"enum","symbols":["a","b","c"]}"#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_fixed_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "name": "fixed1",
+                        "type": "fixed",
+                        "size": 3
+                    },
+                    "default": 100
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#"{"name":"ns.fixed1","type":"fixed","size":3}"#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_array_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "items": "int",
+                    "default": "invalid"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#"{"type":"array","items":"int"}"#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_map_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": "map",
+                    "values": "string",
+                    "default": "invalid"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#"{"type":"map","values":"string"}"#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_ref_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "f1",
+                    "type": {
+                        "name": "record2",
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "f1_1",
+                                "type": "int"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },  {
+                    "name": "f2",
+                    "type": "ns.record2",
+                    "default": { "f1_1": true }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetDefaultRecordField(
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            "ns.record1".to_string(),
+            r#""ns.record2""#.to_string(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3851_validate_default_value_of_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"],
+            "default": 100
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::EnumDefaultWrongType(100.into()).to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "namespace": "ns",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"],
+            "default": "d"
+        }
+        "#;
+        let expected = Error::GetEnumDefault {
+            symbol: "d".to_string(),
+            symbols: vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string(), "c".to_string()],
+        }
+        .to_string();
+        let result = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        let err = result
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .err()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "unexpected".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3862_get_aliases() -> TestResult {
+        // Test for Record
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "record",
+            "aliases": ["r1", "ns2.r2"],
+            "fields": [
+                { "name": "f1", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "f2", "type": "string" }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = vec![Alias::new("ns1.r1")?, Alias::new("ns2.r2")?];
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            Some(aliases) => assert_eq!(aliases, &expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                { "name": "f1", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "f2", "type": "string" }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for Enum
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "aliases": ["en1", "ns2.en2"],
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = vec![Alias::new("ns1.en1")?, Alias::new("ns2.en2")?];
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            Some(aliases) => assert_eq!(aliases, &expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for Fixed
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "fixed1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "aliases": ["fx1", "ns2.fx2"],
+            "size": 10
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = vec![Alias::new("ns1.fx1")?, Alias::new("ns2.fx2")?];
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            Some(aliases) => assert_eq!(aliases, &expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "fixed1",
+            "namespace": "ns1",
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "size": 10
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for non-named type
+        let schema = Schema::Int;
+        match schema.aliases() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3862_get_doc() -> TestResult {
+        // Test for Record
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "type": "record",
+            "doc": "Record Document",
+            "fields": [
+                { "name": "f1", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "f2", "type": "string" }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = "Record Document";
+        match schema.doc() {
+            Some(doc) => assert_eq!(doc, expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "record1",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+                { "name": "f1", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "f2", "type": "string" }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.doc() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for Enum
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "doc": "Enum Document",
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = "Enum Document";
+        match schema.doc() {
+            Some(doc) => assert_eq!(doc, expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "enum1",
+            "type": "enum",
+            "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.doc() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for Fixed
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "fixed1",
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "doc": "Fixed Document",
+            "size": 10
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let expected = "Fixed Document";
+        match schema.doc() {
+            Some(doc) => assert_eq!(doc, expected),
+            None => panic!("Expected Some({:?}), got None", expected),
+        }
+
+        let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+            "name": "fixed1",
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "size": 10
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        match schema.doc() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Test for non-named type
+        let schema = Schema::Int;
+        match schema.doc() {
+            None => (),
+            some => panic!("Expected None, got {some:?}"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3886_serialize_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let attributes = BTreeMap::from([
+            ("string_key".into(), "value".into()),
+            ("number_key".into(), 1.23.into()),
+            ("null_key".into(), Value::Null),
+            (
+                "array_key".into(),
+                Value::Array(vec![1.into(), 2.into(), 3.into()]),
+            ),
+            ("object_key".into(), Value::Object(Map::default())),
+        ]);
+
+        // Test serialize enum attributes
+        let schema = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::new("a")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec![],
+            default: None,
+            attributes: attributes.clone(),
+        });
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"type":"enum","name":"a","symbols":[],"array_key":[1,2,3],"null_key":null,"number_key":1.23,"object_key":{},"string_key":"value"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+
+        // Test serialize fixed custom_attributes
+        let schema = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::new("a")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            size: 1,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: attributes.clone(),
+        });
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"type":"fixed","name":"a","size":1,"array_key":[1,2,3],"null_key":null,"number_key":1.23,"object_key":{},"string_key":"value"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+
+        // Test serialize record custom_attributes
+        let schema = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("a")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![],
+            lookup: BTreeMap::new(),
+            attributes,
+        });
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"type":"record","name":"a","fields":[],"array_key":[1,2,3],"null_key":null,"number_key":1.23,"object_key":{},"string_key":"value"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// A test cases showing that names and namespaces can be constructed
+    /// entirely by underscores.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3897_funny_valid_names_and_namespaces() -> TestResult {
+        for funny_name in ["_", "_._", "__._", "_.__", "_._._"] {
+            let name = Name::new(funny_name);
+            assert!(name.is_ok());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3896_decimal_schema() -> TestResult {
+        // bytes decimal, represented as native logical type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+          "type": "bytes",
+          "name": "BytesDecimal",
+          "logicalType": "decimal",
+          "size": 38,
+          "precision": 9,
+          "scale": 2
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert!(matches!(
+            parse_result,
+            Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 9,
+                scale: 2,
+                ..
+            })
+        ));
+
+        // long decimal, represents as native complex type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+          "type": "long",
+          "name": "LongDecimal",
+          "logicalType": "decimal"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        // assert!(matches!(parse_result, Schema::Long));
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::Long);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3896_uuid_schema_for_string() -> TestResult {
+        // string uuid, represents as native logical type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "name": "StringUUID",
+          "logicalType": "uuid"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::Uuid);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3926_uuid_schema_for_fixed_with_size_16() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "name": "FixedUUID",
+            "size": 16,
+            "logicalType": "uuid"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::Uuid);
+        assert_not_logged(
+            r#"Ignoring uuid logical type for a Fixed schema because its size (6) is not 16! Schema: Fixed(FixedSchema { name: Name { name: "FixedUUID", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, size: 6, attributes: {"logicalType": String("uuid")} })"#,
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3926_uuid_schema_for_fixed_with_size_different_than_16() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+            "type": "fixed",
+            "name": "FixedUUID",
+            "size": 6,
+            "logicalType": "uuid"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_result,
+            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                name: Name::new("FixedUUID")?,
+                aliases: None,
+                doc: None,
+                size: 6,
+                default: None,
+                attributes: BTreeMap::from([("logicalType".to_string(), "uuid".into())]),
+            })
+        );
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Ignoring uuid logical type for a Fixed schema because its size (6) is not 16! Schema: Fixed(FixedSchema { name: Name { name: "FixedUUID", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, size: 6, default: None, attributes: {"logicalType": String("uuid")} })"#,
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3896_timestamp_millis_schema() -> TestResult {
+        // long timestamp-millis, represents as native logical type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+          "type": "long",
+          "name": "LongTimestampMillis",
+          "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::TimestampMillis);
+
+        // int timestamp-millis, represents as native complex type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+            "type": "int",
+            "name": "IntTimestampMillis",
+            "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::Int);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3896_custom_bytes_schema() -> TestResult {
+        // log type, represents as complex type.
+        let schema = json!(
+        {
+            "type": "bytes",
+            "name": "BytesLog",
+            "logicalType": "custom"
+        });
+        let parse_result = Schema::parse(&schema)?;
+        assert_eq!(parse_result, Schema::Bytes);
+        assert_eq!(parse_result.custom_attributes(), None);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3899_parse_decimal_type() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+             "name": "InvalidDecimal",
+             "type": "fixed",
+             "size": 16,
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": 2,
+             "scale": 3
+         }"#,
+        )?;
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Fixed(fixed_schema) => {
+                let attrs = fixed_schema.attributes;
+                let precision = attrs
+                    .get("precision")
+                    .expect("The 'precision' attribute is missing");
+                let scale = attrs
+                    .get("scale")
+                    .expect("The 'scale' attribute is missing");
+                assert_logged(&format!("Ignoring invalid decimal logical type: The decimal precision ({}) must be bigger or equal to the scale ({})", precision, scale));
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("Expected Schema::Fixed, got {:?}", schema),
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+            "name": "ValidDecimal",
+             "type": "bytes",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": 3,
+             "scale": 2
+         }"#,
+        )?;
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Decimal(_) => {
+                assert_not_logged("Ignoring invalid decimal logical type: The decimal precision (2) must be bigger or equal to the scale (3)");
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("Expected Schema::Decimal, got {:?}", schema),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3920_serialize_record_with_custom_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = {
+            let mut lookup = BTreeMap::new();
+            lookup.insert("value".to_owned(), 0);
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                name: Name {
+                    name: "LongList".to_owned(),
+                    namespace: None,
+                },
+                aliases: Some(vec![Alias::new("LinkedLongs").unwrap()]),
+                doc: None,
+                fields: vec![RecordField {
+                    name: "value".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Long,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: BTreeMap::from([("field-id".to_string(), 1.into())]),
+                }],
+                lookup,
+                attributes: BTreeMap::from([("custom-attribute".to_string(), "value".into())]),
+            })
+        };
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&expected)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"aliases":["LinkedLongs"],"custom-attribute":"value","fields":[{"field-id":1,"name":"value","type":"long"}],"name":"LongList","type":"record"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        assert_eq!(expected, Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3925_serialize_decimal_inner_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 36,
+            scale: 10,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                name: Name::new("decimal_36_10").unwrap(),
+                aliases: None,
+                doc: None,
+                size: 16,
+                default: None,
+                attributes: Default::default(),
+            })),
+        });
+
+        let serialized_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&schema)?;
+
+        let expected_json = r#"{
+  "type": "fixed",
+  "name": "decimal_36_10",
+  "size": 16,
+  "logicalType": "decimal",
+  "scale": 10,
+  "precision": 36
+}"#;
+
+        assert_eq!(serialized_json, expected_json);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3925_serialize_decimal_inner_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 36,
+            scale: 10,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+        });
+
+        let serialized_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&schema)?;
+
+        let expected_json = r#"{
+  "type": "bytes",
+  "logicalType": "decimal",
+  "scale": 10,
+  "precision": 36
+}"#;
+
+        assert_eq!(serialized_json, expected_json);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3925_serialize_decimal_inner_invalid() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 36,
+            scale: 10,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::String),
+        });
+
+        let serialized_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&schema);
+
+        assert!(serialized_json.is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3927_serialize_array_with_custom_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = Schema::array_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Long,
+            BTreeMap::from([("field-id".to_string(), "1".into())]),
+        );
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&expected)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"field-id":"1","items":"long","type":"array"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        let actual_schema = Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?;
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual_schema);
+        assert_eq!(
+            expected.custom_attributes(),
+            actual_schema.custom_attributes()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3927_serialize_map_with_custom_attributes() -> TestResult {
+        let expected = Schema::map_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Long,
+            BTreeMap::from([("field-id".to_string(), "1".into())]),
+        );
+
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&expected)?;
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&value)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"field-id":"1","type":"map","values":"long"}"#,
+            &serialized
+        );
+        let actual_schema = Schema::parse_str(&serialized)?;
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual_schema);
+        assert_eq!(
+            expected.custom_attributes(),
+            actual_schema.custom_attributes()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3928_parse_int_based_schema_with_default() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "DateLogicalType",
+          "fields": [ {
+            "name": "birthday",
+            "type": {"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"},
+            "default": 1681601653
+          } ]
+        }"#;
+
+        match Schema::parse_str(schema)? {
+            Schema::Record(record_schema) => {
+                assert_eq!(record_schema.fields.len(), 1);
+                let field = record_schema.fields.first().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(field.name, "birthday");
+                assert_eq!(field.schema, Schema::Date);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    types::Value::from(field.default.clone().unwrap()),
+                    types::Value::Int(1681601653)
+                );
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!("Expected Schema::Record"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3946_union_with_single_type() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "Issue",
+          "namespace": "invalid.example",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "myField",
+              "type": ["long"]
+            }
+          ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let _ = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+
+        assert_logged(
+            "Union schema with just one member! Consider dropping the union! \
+                    Please enable debug logging to find out which Record schema \
+                    declares the union with 'RUST_LOG=apache_avro::schema=debug'.",
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3946_union_without_any_types() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "Issue",
+          "namespace": "invalid.example",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "myField",
+              "type": []
+            }
+          ]
+        }"#;
+
+        let _ = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+
+        assert_logged(
+            "Union schemas should have at least two members! \
+                    Please enable debug logging to find out which Record schema \
+                    declares the union with 'RUST_LOG=apache_avro::schema=debug'.",
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3965_fixed_schema_with_default_bigger_than_size() -> TestResult {
+        match Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "test",
+                "size": 1,
+                "default": "123456789"
+               }"#,
+        ) {
+            Ok(_schema) => panic!("Must fail!"),
+            Err(err) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    err.to_string(),
+                    "Fixed schema's default value length (9) does not match its size (1)"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_4004_canonical_form_strip_logical_types() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+      {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "test",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42, "doc": "The field a"},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string", "namespace": "test.a"},
+            {"name": "c", "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        let canonical_form = schema.canonical_form();
+        let fp_rabin = schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>();
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"name":"test","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"a","type":"long"},{"name":"b","type":"string"},{"name":"c","type":{"type":"long"}}]}"#,
+            canonical_form
+        );
+        assert_eq!("92f2ccef718c6754", fp_rabin.to_string());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_compatibility.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_compatibility.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5df7c520145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_compatibility.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1774 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic for checking schema compatibility
+use crate::{
+    error::CompatibilityError,
+    schema::{EnumSchema, FixedSchema, RecordSchema, Schema, SchemaKind},
+};
+use std::{
+    collections::{hash_map::DefaultHasher, HashSet},
+    hash::Hasher,
+    ptr,
+};
+
+fn match_ref_schemas(
+    writers_schema: &Schema,
+    readers_schema: &Schema,
+) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+    match (readers_schema, writers_schema) {
+        (Schema::Ref { name: r_name }, Schema::Ref { name: w_name }) => {
+            if r_name == w_name {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(CompatibilityError::NameMismatch {
+                    writer_name: w_name.fullname(None),
+                    reader_name: r_name.fullname(None),
+                })
+            }
+        }
+        _ => Err(CompatibilityError::WrongType {
+            writer_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", writers_schema),
+            reader_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", readers_schema),
+        }),
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SchemaCompatibility;
+
+struct Checker {
+    recursion: HashSet<(u64, u64)>,
+}
+
+impl Checker {
+    /// Create a new checker, with recursion set to an empty set.
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            recursion: HashSet::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn can_read(
+        &mut self,
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        self.full_match_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn full_match_schemas(
+        &mut self,
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        if self.recursion_in_progress(writers_schema, readers_schema) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema)?;
+
+        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
+        let r_type = SchemaKind::from(readers_schema);
+
+        if w_type != SchemaKind::Union
+            && (r_type.is_primitive()
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::Fixed
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::Uuid
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::Date
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::TimeMicros
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::TimestampMillis
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::TimestampMicros
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::TimestampNanos
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros
+                || r_type == SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos)
+        {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match r_type {
+            SchemaKind::Ref => match_ref_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
+            SchemaKind::Record => self.match_record_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
+            SchemaKind::Map => {
+                if let Schema::Map(w_m) = writers_schema {
+                    match readers_schema {
+                        Schema::Map(r_m) => self.full_match_schemas(&w_m.types, &r_m.types),
+                        _ => Err(CompatibilityError::WrongType {
+                            writer_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", writers_schema),
+                            reader_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", readers_schema),
+                        }),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                        schema_type: String::from("writers_schema"),
+                        expected_type: vec![SchemaKind::Record],
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            SchemaKind::Array => {
+                if let Schema::Array(w_a) = writers_schema {
+                    match readers_schema {
+                        Schema::Array(r_a) => self.full_match_schemas(&w_a.items, &r_a.items),
+                        _ => Err(CompatibilityError::WrongType {
+                            writer_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", writers_schema),
+                            reader_schema_type: format!("{:#?}", readers_schema),
+                        }),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                        schema_type: String::from("writers_schema"),
+                        expected_type: vec![SchemaKind::Array],
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+            SchemaKind::Union => self.match_union_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
+            SchemaKind::Enum => {
+                // reader's symbols must contain all writer's symbols
+                if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                    symbols: w_symbols, ..
+                }) = writers_schema
+                {
+                    if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                        symbols: r_symbols, ..
+                    }) = readers_schema
+                    {
+                        if w_symbols.iter().all(|e| r_symbols.contains(e)) {
+                            return Ok(());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(CompatibilityError::MissingSymbols)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if w_type == SchemaKind::Union {
+                    if let Schema::Union(r) = writers_schema {
+                        if r.schemas.len() == 1 {
+                            return self.full_match_schemas(&r.schemas[0], readers_schema);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(CompatibilityError::Inconclusive(String::from(
+                    "writers_schema",
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn match_record_schemas(
+        &mut self,
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
+
+        if w_type == SchemaKind::Union {
+            return Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                schema_type: String::from("writers_schema"),
+                expected_type: vec![SchemaKind::Record],
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            fields: w_fields,
+            lookup: w_lookup,
+            ..
+        }) = writers_schema
+        {
+            if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                fields: r_fields, ..
+            }) = readers_schema
+            {
+                for field in r_fields.iter() {
+                    // get all field names in a vector (field.name + aliases)
+                    let mut fields_names = vec![&field.name];
+                    if let Some(ref aliases) = field.aliases {
+                        for alias in aliases {
+                            fields_names.push(alias);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Check whether any of the possible fields names are in the writer schema.
+                    // If the field was found, then it must have the exact same name with the writer field,
+                    // otherwise we would have a false positive with the writers aliases
+                    let position = fields_names.iter().find_map(|field_name| {
+                        if let Some(pos) = w_lookup.get(*field_name) {
+                            if &w_fields[*pos].name == *field_name {
+                                return Some(pos);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None
+                    });
+
+                    match position {
+                        Some(pos) => {
+                            if let Err(err) =
+                                self.full_match_schemas(&w_fields[*pos].schema, &field.schema)
+                            {
+                                return Err(CompatibilityError::FieldTypeMismatch(
+                                    field.name.clone(),
+                                    Box::new(err),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            if field.default.is_none() {
+                                return Err(CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(
+                                    field.name.clone(),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn match_union_schemas(
+        &mut self,
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        if let Schema::Union(u) = writers_schema {
+            if u.schemas
+                .iter()
+                .all(|schema| self.full_match_schemas(schema, readers_schema).is_ok())
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            } else {
+                return Err(CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements);
+            }
+        } else if let Schema::Union(u) = readers_schema {
+            // This check is needed because the writer_schema can be not union
+            // but the type can be contain in the union of the reader schema
+            // e.g. writer_schema is string and reader_schema is [string, int]
+            if u.schemas
+                .iter()
+                .any(|schema| self.full_match_schemas(writers_schema, schema).is_ok())
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        Err(CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements)
+    }
+
+    fn recursion_in_progress(&mut self, writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
+        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+        ptr::hash(writers_schema, &mut hasher);
+        let w_hash = hasher.finish();
+
+        hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+        ptr::hash(readers_schema, &mut hasher);
+        let r_hash = hasher.finish();
+
+        let key = (w_hash, r_hash);
+        // This is a shortcut to add if not exists *and* return false. It will return true
+        // if it was able to insert.
+        !self.recursion.insert(key)
+    }
+}
+
+impl SchemaCompatibility {
+    /// `can_read` performs a full, recursive check that a datum written using the
+    /// writers_schema can be read using the readers_schema.
+    pub fn can_read(
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        let mut c = Checker::new();
+        c.can_read(writers_schema, readers_schema)
+    }
+
+    /// `mutual_read` performs a full, recursive check that a datum written using either
+    /// the writers_schema or the readers_schema can be read using the other schema.
+    pub fn mutual_read(
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writers_schema, readers_schema)?;
+        SchemaCompatibility::can_read(readers_schema, writers_schema)
+    }
+
+    ///  `match_schemas` performs a basic check that a datum written with the
+    ///  writers_schema could be read using the readers_schema. This check only includes
+    ///  matching the types, including schema promotion, and matching the full name for
+    ///  named types. Aliases for named types are not supported here, and the rust
+    ///  implementation of Avro in general does not include support for aliases (I think).
+    pub(crate) fn match_schemas(
+        writers_schema: &Schema,
+        readers_schema: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+        fn check_reader_type_multi(
+            reader_type: SchemaKind,
+            allowed_reader_types: Vec<SchemaKind>,
+            writer_type: SchemaKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+            if allowed_reader_types.iter().any(|&t| t == reader_type) {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                let mut allowed_types: Vec<SchemaKind> = vec![writer_type];
+                allowed_types.extend_from_slice(allowed_reader_types.as_slice());
+                Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                    schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"),
+                    expected_type: allowed_types,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn check_reader_type(
+            reader_type: SchemaKind,
+            allowed_reader_type: SchemaKind,
+            writer_type: SchemaKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+            if reader_type == allowed_reader_type {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                    schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"),
+                    expected_type: vec![writer_type, allowed_reader_type],
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn check_writer_type(
+            writers_schema: &Schema,
+            allowed_schema: &Schema,
+            expected_schema_types: Vec<SchemaKind>,
+        ) -> Result<(), CompatibilityError> {
+            if *allowed_schema == *writers_schema {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                    schema_type: String::from("writers_schema"),
+                    expected_type: expected_schema_types,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
+        let r_type = SchemaKind::from(readers_schema);
+
+        if w_type == SchemaKind::Union || r_type == SchemaKind::Union {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        if w_type == r_type {
+            if r_type.is_primitive() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            match r_type {
+                SchemaKind::Record | SchemaKind::Enum => {
+                    let msg = format!("A {} type must always has a name", readers_schema);
+                    let writers_name = writers_schema.name().expect(&msg);
+                    let readers_name = readers_schema.name().expect(&msg);
+
+                    if writers_name.name == readers_name.name {
+                        return Ok(());
+                    }
+
+                    return Err(CompatibilityError::NameMismatch {
+                        writer_name: writers_name.name.clone(),
+                        reader_name: readers_name.name.clone(),
+                    });
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Fixed => {
+                    if let Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                        name: w_name,
+                        aliases: _,
+                        doc: _w_doc,
+                        size: w_size,
+                        default: _w_default,
+                        attributes: _,
+                    }) = writers_schema
+                    {
+                        if let Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                            name: r_name,
+                            aliases: _,
+                            doc: _r_doc,
+                            size: r_size,
+                            default: _r_default,
+                            attributes: _,
+                        }) = readers_schema
+                        {
+                            return (w_name.name == r_name.name && w_size == r_size)
+                                .then_some(())
+                                .ok_or(CompatibilityError::FixedMismatch);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Map => {
+                    if let Schema::Map(w_m) = writers_schema {
+                        if let Schema::Map(r_m) = readers_schema {
+                            return SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(&w_m.types, &r_m.types);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Array => {
+                    if let Schema::Array(w_a) = writers_schema {
+                        if let Schema::Array(r_a) = readers_schema {
+                            return SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(&w_a.items, &r_a.items);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Uuid => {
+                    return check_writer_type(
+                        writers_schema,
+                        readers_schema,
+                        vec![r_type, SchemaKind::String],
+                    );
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Date | SchemaKind::TimeMillis => {
+                    return check_writer_type(
+                        writers_schema,
+                        readers_schema,
+                        vec![r_type, SchemaKind::Int],
+                    );
+                }
+                SchemaKind::TimeMicros
+                | SchemaKind::TimestampNanos
+                | SchemaKind::TimestampMillis
+                | SchemaKind::TimestampMicros
+                | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis
+                | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros
+                | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos => {
+                    return check_writer_type(
+                        writers_schema,
+                        readers_schema,
+                        vec![r_type, SchemaKind::Long],
+                    );
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Duration => {
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                SchemaKind::Ref => return match_ref_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
+                _ => {
+                    return Err(CompatibilityError::Inconclusive(String::from(
+                        "readers_schema",
+                    )))
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Here are the checks for primitive types
+        match w_type {
+            SchemaKind::Int => check_reader_type_multi(
+                r_type,
+                vec![
+                    SchemaKind::Long,
+                    SchemaKind::Float,
+                    SchemaKind::Double,
+                    SchemaKind::Date,
+                    SchemaKind::TimeMillis,
+                ],
+                w_type,
+            ),
+            SchemaKind::Long => check_reader_type_multi(
+                r_type,
+                vec![
+                    SchemaKind::Float,
+                    SchemaKind::Double,
+                    SchemaKind::TimeMicros,
+                    SchemaKind::TimestampMillis,
+                    SchemaKind::TimestampMicros,
+                    SchemaKind::TimestampNanos,
+                    SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis,
+                    SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros,
+                    SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos,
+                ],
+                w_type,
+            ),
+            SchemaKind::Float => {
+                check_reader_type_multi(r_type, vec![SchemaKind::Float, SchemaKind::Double], w_type)
+            }
+            SchemaKind::String => {
+                check_reader_type_multi(r_type, vec![SchemaKind::Bytes, SchemaKind::Uuid], w_type)
+            }
+            SchemaKind::Bytes => check_reader_type(r_type, SchemaKind::String, w_type),
+            SchemaKind::Uuid => check_reader_type(r_type, SchemaKind::String, w_type),
+            SchemaKind::Date | SchemaKind::TimeMillis => {
+                check_reader_type(r_type, SchemaKind::Int, w_type)
+            }
+            SchemaKind::TimeMicros
+            | SchemaKind::TimestampMicros
+            | SchemaKind::TimestampMillis
+            | SchemaKind::TimestampNanos
+            | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis
+            | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros
+            | SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos => {
+                check_reader_type(r_type, SchemaKind::Long, w_type)
+            }
+            _ => Err(CompatibilityError::Inconclusive(String::from(
+                "writers_schema",
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        types::{Record, Value},
+        Codec, Reader, Writer,
+    };
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use rstest::*;
+
+    fn int_array_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn long_array_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn string_array_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"string"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn int_map_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"int"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn long_map_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"long"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn string_map_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"string"}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn enum1_ab_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["A","B"]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn enum1_abc_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["A","B","C"]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn enum1_bc_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["B","C"]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn enum2_ab_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum2", "symbols":["A","B"]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn empty_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn empty_record2_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record2", "fields": []}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_int_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_long_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"long"}]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_int_b_int_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}, {"name":"b", "type":"int"}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_int_b_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}, {"name":"b", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int", "default":0}, {"name":"b", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn nested_record() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record","name":"parent","fields":[{"name":"attribute","type":{"type":"record","name":"child","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"string"}]}}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn nested_optional_record() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record","name":"parent","fields":[{"name":"attribute","type":["null",{"type":"record","name":"child","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"string"}]}],"default":null}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn int_list_record_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"List", "fields": [{"name": "head", "type": "int"},{"name": "tail", "type": "array", "items": "int"}]}"#).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn long_list_record_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {
+        "type":"record", "name":"List", "fields": [
+          {"name": "head", "type": "long"},
+          {"name": "tail", "type": "array", "items": "long"}
+      ]}
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn union_schema(schemas: Vec<Schema>) -> Schema {
+        let schema_string = schemas
+            .iter()
+            .map(|s| s.canonical_form())
+            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+            .join(",");
+        Schema::parse_str(&format!("[{schema_string}]")).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn empty_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![])
+    }
+
+    // unused
+    // fn null_union_schema() -> Schema { union_schema(vec![Schema::Null]) }
+
+    fn int_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![Schema::Int])
+    }
+
+    fn long_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![Schema::Long])
+    }
+
+    fn string_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![Schema::String])
+    }
+
+    fn int_string_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![Schema::Int, Schema::String])
+    }
+
+    fn string_int_union_schema() -> Schema {
+        union_schema(vec![Schema::String, Schema::Int])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_broken() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&int_string_union_schema(), &int_union_schema())
+                .unwrap_err()
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_incompatible_reader_writer_pairs() {
+        let incompatible_schemas = vec![
+            // null
+            (Schema::Null, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Null, Schema::Long),
+            // boolean
+            (Schema::Boolean, Schema::Int),
+            // int
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Null),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Boolean),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Float),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Double),
+            // long
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::Float),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::Double),
+            // float
+            (Schema::Float, Schema::Double),
+            // string
+            (Schema::String, Schema::Boolean),
+            (Schema::String, Schema::Int),
+            // bytes
+            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::Null),
+            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::Int),
+            // logical types
+            (Schema::TimeMicros, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::TimestampMillis, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::TimestampMicros, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::TimestampNanos, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampMillis, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampMicros, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampNanos, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Date, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::TimeMillis, Schema::Long),
+            // array and maps
+            (int_array_schema(), long_array_schema()),
+            (int_map_schema(), int_array_schema()),
+            (int_array_schema(), int_map_schema()),
+            (int_map_schema(), long_map_schema()),
+            // enum
+            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum1_abc_schema()),
+            (enum1_bc_schema(), enum1_abc_schema()),
+            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum2_ab_schema()),
+            (Schema::Int, enum2_ab_schema()),
+            (enum2_ab_schema(), Schema::Int),
+            //union
+            (int_union_schema(), int_string_union_schema()),
+            (string_union_schema(), int_string_union_schema()),
+            //record
+            (empty_record2_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_b_dint_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
+            (int_list_record_schema(), long_list_record_schema()),
+            (nested_record(), nested_optional_record()),
+        ];
+
+        assert!(incompatible_schemas
+            .iter()
+            .any(|(reader, writer)| SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writer, reader).is_err()));
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    // Record type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "record", "name": "record_a", "fields": [{"type": "long", "name": "date"}]}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "record", "name": "record_a", "fields": [{"type": "long", "name": "date", "default": 18181}]}"#
+    )]
+    // Fixed type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "EmployeeId", "size": 16}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "EmployeeId", "size": 16, "default": "u00ffffffffffffx"}"#
+    )]
+    // Enum type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols": ["A","B"]}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols": ["A","B", "C"], "default": "C"}"#
+    )]
+    // Map type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "map", "values": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long"}"#
+    )]
+    // Date type
+    #[case(r#"{"type": "int"}"#, r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#)]
+    // time-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#
+    )]
+    // time-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#
+    )]
+    // timetimestamp-nanos type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-nanos"}"#
+    )]
+    // timestamp-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#
+    )]
+    // timestamp-micros type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"}"#
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-micros type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"}"#
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-nanos type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-nanos"}"#
+    )]
+    // Array type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "array", "items": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#
+    )]
+    fn test_avro_3950_match_schemas_ok(
+        #[case] writer_schema_str: &str,
+        #[case] reader_schema_str: &str,
+    ) {
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str).unwrap();
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(&writer_schema, &reader_schema).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    // Record type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "record", "name":"record_a", "fields": [{"type": "long", "name": "date"}]}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "record", "name":"record_b", "fields": [{"type": "long", "name": "date"}]}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::NameMismatch{writer_name: String::from("record_a"), reader_name: String::from("record_b")}
+    )]
+    // Fixed type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "EmployeeId", "size": 16}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "EmployeeId", "size": 20}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::FixedMismatch
+    )]
+    // Enum type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Enum1", "symbols": ["A","B"]}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Enum2", "symbols": ["A","B"]}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::NameMismatch{writer_name: String::from("Enum1"), reader_name: String::from("Enum2")}
+    )]
+    // Map type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type":"map", "values": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type":"map", "values": "int"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMicros,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampMillis,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampMicros,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampNanos,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos,
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // Array type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "array", "items": "int"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMicros,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampMillis,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampMicros,
+            SchemaKind::TimestampNanos,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMillis,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampMicros,
+            SchemaKind::LocalTimestampNanos,
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // Date type test
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "string"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::String,
+            SchemaKind::Bytes,
+            SchemaKind::Uuid,
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // time-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "string"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::String,
+            SchemaKind::Bytes,
+            SchemaKind::Uuid,
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // time-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Int,
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::Date,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // timestamp-nanos type. This test should fail because it is not supported on schema parse_complex
+    // #[case(
+    //     r#"{"type": "string"}"#,
+    //     r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-nanos"}"#,
+    //     CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+    //         SchemaKind::Int,
+    //         SchemaKind::Long,
+    //         SchemaKind::Float,
+    //         SchemaKind::Double,
+    //         SchemaKind::Date,
+    //         SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+    //     ]}
+    // )]
+    // timestamp-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Int,
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::Date,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // timestamp-micros type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Int,
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::Date,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-millis type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Int,
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::Date,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-micros type
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+            SchemaKind::Int,
+            SchemaKind::Long,
+            SchemaKind::Float,
+            SchemaKind::Double,
+            SchemaKind::Date,
+            SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+        ]}
+    )]
+    // local-timestamp-nanos type. This test should fail because it is not supported on schema parse_complex
+    // #[case(
+    //     r#"{"type": "int"}"#,
+    //     r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-nanos"}"#,
+    //     CompatibilityError::TypeExpected{schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"), expected_type: vec![
+    //         SchemaKind::Int,
+    //         SchemaKind::Long,
+    //         SchemaKind::Float,
+    //         SchemaKind::Double,
+    //         SchemaKind::Date,
+    //         SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+    //     ]}
+    // )]
+    // When comparing different types we always get Inconclusive
+    #[case(
+        r#"{"type": "record", "name":"record_b", "fields": [{"type": "long", "name": "date"}]}"#,
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "EmployeeId", "size": 16}"#,
+        CompatibilityError::Inconclusive(String::from("writers_schema"))
+    )]
+    fn test_avro_3950_match_schemas_error(
+        #[case] writer_schema_str: &str,
+        #[case] reader_schema_str: &str,
+        #[case] expected_error: CompatibilityError,
+    ) {
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str).unwrap();
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            expected_error,
+            SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(&writer_schema, &reader_schema).unwrap_err()
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_compatible_reader_writer_pairs() {
+        let compatible_schemas = vec![
+            (Schema::Null, Schema::Null),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Float, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Float, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::Double, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::Double, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Double, Schema::Float),
+            (Schema::String, Schema::Bytes),
+            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::String),
+            // logical types
+            (Schema::Uuid, Schema::Uuid),
+            (Schema::Uuid, Schema::String),
+            (Schema::Date, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::TimeMillis, Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::TimeMicros, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::TimestampMillis, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::TimestampMicros, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::TimestampNanos, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampMillis, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampMicros, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::LocalTimestampNanos, Schema::Long),
+            (Schema::String, Schema::Uuid),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::Date),
+            (Schema::Int, Schema::TimeMillis),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::TimeMicros),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::TimestampMillis),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::TimestampMicros),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::TimestampNanos),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::LocalTimestampMillis),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::LocalTimestampMicros),
+            (Schema::Long, Schema::LocalTimestampNanos),
+            (int_array_schema(), int_array_schema()),
+            (long_array_schema(), int_array_schema()),
+            (int_map_schema(), int_map_schema()),
+            (long_map_schema(), int_map_schema()),
+            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum1_ab_schema()),
+            (enum1_abc_schema(), enum1_ab_schema()),
+            (empty_union_schema(), empty_union_schema()),
+            (int_union_schema(), int_union_schema()),
+            (int_string_union_schema(), string_int_union_schema()),
+            (int_union_schema(), empty_union_schema()),
+            (long_union_schema(), int_union_schema()),
+            (int_union_schema(), Schema::Int),
+            (Schema::Int, int_union_schema()),
+            (empty_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
+            (empty_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_dint_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_dint_record1_schema()),
+            (a_long_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_int_b_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_b_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_b_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
+            (a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
+            (a_int_b_int_record1_schema(), a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema()),
+            (int_list_record_schema(), int_list_record_schema()),
+            (long_list_record_schema(), long_list_record_schema()),
+            (long_list_record_schema(), int_list_record_schema()),
+            (nested_optional_record(), nested_record()),
+        ];
+
+        assert!(compatible_schemas
+            .iter()
+            .all(|(reader, writer)| SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writer, reader).is_ok()));
+    }
+
+    fn writer_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+        {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
+        {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
+      ]}
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_missing_field() -> TestResult {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+        {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"}
+      ]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writer_schema(), &reader_schema,).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("oldfield2")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&reader_schema, &writer_schema()).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_missing_second_field() -> TestResult {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+          {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
+        ]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writer_schema(), &reader_schema).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("oldfield1")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&reader_schema, &writer_schema()).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_all_fields() -> TestResult {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
+          {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
+        ]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writer_schema(), &reader_schema).is_ok());
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&reader_schema, &writer_schema()).is_ok());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_new_field_with_default() -> TestResult {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
+          {"name":"newfield1", "type":"int", "default":42}
+        ]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writer_schema(), &reader_schema).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("oldfield2")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&reader_schema, &writer_schema()).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_new_field() -> TestResult {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
+          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
+          {"name":"newfield1", "type":"int"}
+        ]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("newfield1")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&writer_schema(), &reader_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("oldfield2")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&reader_schema, &writer_schema()).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_array_writer_schema() {
+        let valid_reader = string_array_schema();
+        let invalid_reader = string_map_schema();
+
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&string_array_schema(), &valid_reader).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::Inconclusive(String::from("writers_schema")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&string_array_schema(), &invalid_reader).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_primitive_writer_schema() {
+        let valid_reader = Schema::String;
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&Schema::String, &valid_reader).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                schema_type: String::from("readers_schema"),
+                expected_type: vec![
+                    SchemaKind::Int,
+                    SchemaKind::Long,
+                    SchemaKind::Float,
+                    SchemaKind::Double,
+                    SchemaKind::Date,
+                    SchemaKind::TimeMillis
+                ],
+            },
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&Schema::Int, &Schema::String).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_reader_writer_subset_incompatibility() {
+        // reader union schema must contain all writer union branches
+        let union_writer = union_schema(vec![Schema::Int, Schema::String]);
+        let union_reader = union_schema(vec![Schema::String]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&union_writer, &union_reader).unwrap_err()
+        );
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&union_reader, &union_writer).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_incompatible_record_field() -> TestResult {
+        let string_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {"type":"record", "name":"MyRecord", "namespace":"ns", "fields": [
+            {"name":"field1", "type":"string"}
+        ]}
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let int_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+              {"type":"record", "name":"MyRecord", "namespace":"ns", "fields": [
+                {"name":"field1", "type":"int"}
+              ]}
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::FieldTypeMismatch(
+                "field1".to_owned(),
+                Box::new(CompatibilityError::TypeExpected {
+                    schema_type: "readers_schema".to_owned(),
+                    expected_type: vec![SchemaKind::String, SchemaKind::Bytes, SchemaKind::Uuid]
+                })
+            ),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&string_schema, &int_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enum_symbols() -> TestResult {
+        let enum_schema1 = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"enum", "name":"MyEnum", "symbols":["A","B"]}
+"#,
+        )?;
+        let enum_schema2 =
+            Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"MyEnum", "symbols":["A","B","C"]}"#)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingSymbols,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&enum_schema2, &enum_schema1).unwrap_err()
+        );
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&enum_schema1, &enum_schema2).is_ok());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn point_2d_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Point2D", "fields":[
+        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"y", "type":"double"}
+      ]}
+    "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn point_2d_fullname_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "namespace":"written", "fields":[
+        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"y", "type":"double"}
+      ]}
+    "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn point_3d_no_default_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "fields":[
+        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"z", "type":"double"}
+      ]}
+    "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn point_3d_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Point3D", "fields":[
+        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"z", "type":"double", "default": 0.0}
+      ]}
+    "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn point_3d_match_name_schema() -> Schema {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+      {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "fields":[
+        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
+        {"name":"z", "type":"double", "default": 0.0}
+      ]}
+    "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_resolution_no_structure_match() {
+        // short name match, but no structure match
+        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![Schema::Null, point_3d_no_default_schema()]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_resolution_first_structure_match_2d() {
+        // multiple structure matches with no name matches
+        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
+            Schema::Null,
+            point_3d_no_default_schema(),
+            point_2d_schema(),
+            point_3d_schema(),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_resolution_first_structure_match_3d() {
+        // multiple structure matches with no name matches
+        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
+            Schema::Null,
+            point_3d_no_default_schema(),
+            point_3d_schema(),
+            point_2d_schema(),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_resolution_named_structure_match() {
+        // multiple structure matches with a short name match
+        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
+            Schema::Null,
+            point_2d_schema(),
+            point_3d_match_name_schema(),
+            point_3d_schema(),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingUnionElements,
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema).unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_resolution_full_name_match() {
+        // there is a full name match that should be chosen
+        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
+            Schema::Null,
+            point_2d_schema(),
+            point_3d_match_name_schema(),
+            point_3d_schema(),
+            point_2d_fullname_schema(),
+        ]);
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3772_enum_default() -> TestResult {
+        let writer_raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {
+              "name": "c",
+              "type": {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "suit",
+                "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"],
+                "default": "spades"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let reader_raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {
+              "name": "c",
+              "type": {
+                 "type": "enum",
+                 "name": "suit",
+                 "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "ninja", "hearts"],
+                 "default": "spades"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      "#;
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_raw_schema)?;
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&writer_schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Null);
+        let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+        record.put("c", "clubs");
+        writer.append(record).unwrap();
+        let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+        let mut reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            reader.next().unwrap().unwrap(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(27)),
+                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+                ("c".to_string(), Value::Enum(1, "spades".to_string())),
+            ])
+        );
+        assert!(reader.next().is_none());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3772_enum_default_less_symbols() -> TestResult {
+        let writer_raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {
+              "name": "c",
+              "type": {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "suit",
+                "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"],
+                "default": "spades"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let reader_raw_schema = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "test",
+          "fields": [
+            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
+            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
+            {
+              "name": "c",
+              "type": {
+                 "type": "enum",
+                  "name": "suit",
+                  "symbols": ["hearts", "spades"],
+                  "default": "spades"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      "#;
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_raw_schema)?;
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&writer_schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Null);
+        let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+        record.put("c", "hearts");
+        writer.append(record).unwrap();
+        let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+        let mut reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            reader.next().unwrap().unwrap(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(27)),
+                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+                ("c".to_string(), Value::Enum(0, "hearts".to_string())),
+            ])
+        );
+        assert!(reader.next().is_none());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3894_take_aliases_into_account_when_serializing_for_schema_compatibility() -> TestResult
+    {
+        let schema_v1 = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Conference",
+            "namespace": "advdaba",
+            "fields": [
+                {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+                {"type": "long", "name": "date"}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let schema_v2 = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Conference",
+            "namespace": "advdaba",
+            "fields": [
+                {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+                {"type": "long", "name": "date", "aliases" : [ "time" ]}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::mutual_read(&schema_v1, &schema_v2).is_ok());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3917_take_aliases_into_account_for_schema_compatibility() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_v1 = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Conference",
+            "namespace": "advdaba",
+            "fields": [
+                {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+                {"type": "long", "name": "date", "aliases" : [ "time" ]}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let schema_v2 = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Conference",
+            "namespace": "advdaba",
+            "fields": [
+                {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+                {"type": "long", "name": "time"}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schema_v2, &schema_v1).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(
+            CompatibilityError::MissingDefaultValue(String::from("time")),
+            SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schema_v1, &schema_v2).unwrap_err()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3898_record_schemas_match_by_unqualified_name() -> TestResult {
+        let schemas = [
+            // Record schemas
+            (
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "Statistics",
+              "fields": [
+                { "name": "success", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "fail", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "time", "type": "string" },
+                { "name": "max", "type": "int", "default": 0 }
+              ]
+            }"#,
+                )?,
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "Statistics",
+              "namespace": "my.namespace",
+              "fields": [
+                { "name": "success", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "fail", "type": "int" },
+                { "name": "time", "type": "string" },
+                { "name": "average", "type": "int", "default": 0}
+              ]
+            }"#,
+                )?,
+            ),
+            // Enum schemas
+            (
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "name": "Suit",
+                    "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs"]
+                }"#,
+                )?,
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "name": "Suit",
+                    "namespace": "my.namespace",
+                    "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"]
+                }"#,
+                )?,
+            ),
+            // Fixed schemas
+            (
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "name": "EmployeeId",
+                    "size": 16
+                }"#,
+                )?,
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "name": "EmployeeId",
+                    "namespace": "my.namespace",
+                    "size": 16
+                }"#,
+                )?,
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for (schema_1, schema_2) in schemas {
+            assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schema_1, &schema_2).is_ok());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_can_read_compatibility_errors() -> TestResult {
+        let schemas = [
+            (
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                r#"{
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "StatisticsMap",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {"name": "average", "type": "int", "default": 0},
+                        {"name": "success", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "int"}}
+                    ]
+                }"#)?,
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                        r#"{
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "StatisticsMap",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {"name": "average", "type": "int", "default": 0},
+                        {"name": "success", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "int"}], "default": null}
+                    ]
+                }"#)?,
+                "Incompatible schemata! Field 'success' in reader schema does not match the type in the writer schema"
+            ),
+            (
+                Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "StatisticsArray",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "max_values", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "int"}}
+                        ]
+                    }"#)?,
+                    Schema::parse_str(
+                    r#"{
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "StatisticsArray",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "max_values", "type": ["null", {"type": "array", "items": "int"}], "default": null}
+                        ]
+                    }"#)?,
+                    "Incompatible schemata! Field 'max_values' in reader schema does not match the type in the writer schema"
+            )
+        ];
+
+        for (schema_1, schema_2, error) in schemas {
+            assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schema_1, &schema_2).is_ok());
+            assert_eq!(
+                error,
+                SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schema_2, &schema_1)
+                    .unwrap_err()
+                    .to_string()
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3974_can_read_schema_references() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_strs = vec![
+            r#"{
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "Child",
+          "namespace": "avro",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "val",
+              "type": "int"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#,
+            r#"{
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "Parent",
+          "namespace": "avro",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "child",
+              "type": "avro.Child"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#,
+        ];
+
+        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs).unwrap();
+        SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&schemas[1], &schemas[1])?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_equality.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_equality.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9eaa2a1173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/schema_equality.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::{
+    schema::{
+        ArraySchema, DecimalSchema, EnumSchema, FixedSchema, MapSchema, RecordField, RecordSchema,
+        UnionSchema,
+    },
+    Schema,
+};
+use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::OnceLock};
+
+/// A trait that compares two schemata for equality.
+/// To register a custom one use [set_schemata_equality_comparator].
+pub trait SchemataEq: Debug + Send + Sync {
+    /// Compares two schemata for equality.
+    fn compare(&self, schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// Compares two schemas according to the Avro specification by using
+/// their canonical forms.
+/// See <https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas>
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SpecificationEq;
+impl SchemataEq for SpecificationEq {
+    fn compare(&self, schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool {
+        schema_one.canonical_form() == schema_two.canonical_form()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Compares two schemas for equality field by field, using only the fields that
+/// are used to construct their canonical forms.
+/// See <https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#parsing-canonical-form-for-schemas>
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct StructFieldEq {
+    /// Whether to include custom attributes in the comparison.
+    /// The custom attributes are not used to construct the canonical form of the schema!
+    pub include_attributes: bool,
+}
+
+impl SchemataEq for StructFieldEq {
+    fn compare(&self, schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool {
+        macro_rules! compare_primitive {
+            ($primitive:ident) => {
+                if let Schema::$primitive = schema_one {
+                    if let Schema::$primitive = schema_two {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        if schema_one.name() != schema_two.name() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        compare_primitive!(Null);
+        compare_primitive!(Boolean);
+        compare_primitive!(Int);
+        compare_primitive!(Int);
+        compare_primitive!(Long);
+        compare_primitive!(Float);
+        compare_primitive!(Double);
+        compare_primitive!(Bytes);
+        compare_primitive!(String);
+        compare_primitive!(Uuid);
+        compare_primitive!(BigDecimal);
+        compare_primitive!(Date);
+        compare_primitive!(Duration);
+        compare_primitive!(TimeMicros);
+        compare_primitive!(TimeMillis);
+        compare_primitive!(TimestampMicros);
+        compare_primitive!(TimestampMillis);
+        compare_primitive!(TimestampNanos);
+        compare_primitive!(LocalTimestampMicros);
+        compare_primitive!(LocalTimestampMillis);
+        compare_primitive!(LocalTimestampNanos);
+
+        if self.include_attributes
+            && schema_one.custom_attributes() != schema_two.custom_attributes()
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            fields: fields_one, ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                fields: fields_two, ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return self.compare_fields(fields_one, fields_two);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            symbols: symbols_one,
+            ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                symbols: symbols_two,
+                ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return symbols_one == symbols_two;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size: size_one, .. }) = schema_one {
+            if let Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size: size_two, .. }) = schema_two {
+                return size_one == size_two;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Union(UnionSchema {
+            schemas: schemas_one,
+            ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Union(UnionSchema {
+                schemas: schemas_two,
+                ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return schemas_one.len() == schemas_two.len()
+                    && schemas_one
+                        .iter()
+                        .zip(schemas_two.iter())
+                        .all(|(s1, s2)| self.compare(s1, s2));
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: precision_one,
+            scale: scale_one,
+            ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: precision_two,
+                scale: scale_two,
+                ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return precision_one == precision_two && scale_one == scale_two;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Array(ArraySchema {
+            items: items_one, ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Array(ArraySchema {
+                items: items_two, ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return items_one == items_two;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Map(MapSchema {
+            types: types_one, ..
+        }) = schema_one
+        {
+            if let Schema::Map(MapSchema {
+                types: types_two, ..
+            }) = schema_two
+            {
+                return self.compare(types_one, types_two);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Ref { name: name_one } = schema_one {
+            if let Schema::Ref { name: name_two } = schema_two {
+                return name_one == name_two;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        error!(
+            "This is a bug in schema_equality.rs! The following schemata types are not checked! \
+            Please report it to the Avro library maintainers! \
+            \n{:?}\n\n{:?}",
+            schema_one, schema_two
+        );
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+impl StructFieldEq {
+    fn compare_fields(&self, fields_one: &[RecordField], fields_two: &[RecordField]) -> bool {
+        fields_one.len() == fields_two.len()
+            && fields_one
+                .iter()
+                .zip(fields_two.iter())
+                .all(|(f1, f2)| self.compare(&f1.schema, &f2.schema))
+    }
+}
+
+static SCHEMATA_COMPARATOR_ONCE: OnceLock<Box<dyn SchemataEq>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Sets a custom schemata equality comparator.
+///
+/// Returns a unit if the registration was successful or the already
+/// registered comparator if the registration failed.
+///
+/// **Note**: This function must be called before parsing any schema because this will
+/// register the default comparator and the registration is one time only!
+pub fn set_schemata_equality_comparator(
+    comparator: Box<dyn SchemataEq>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn SchemataEq>> {
+    debug!(
+        "Setting a custom schemata equality comparator: {:?}.",
+        comparator
+    );
+    SCHEMATA_COMPARATOR_ONCE.set(comparator)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn compare_schemata(schema_one: &Schema, schema_two: &Schema) -> bool {
+    SCHEMATA_COMPARATOR_ONCE
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            debug!("Going to use the default schemata equality comparator: SpecificationEq.",);
+            Box::new(StructFieldEq {
+                include_attributes: false,
+            })
+        })
+        .compare(schema_one, schema_two)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::schema::{Name, RecordFieldOrder};
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use serde_json::Value;
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    const SPECIFICATION_EQ: SpecificationEq = SpecificationEq;
+    const STRUCT_FIELD_EQ: StructFieldEq = StructFieldEq {
+        include_attributes: false,
+    };
+
+    macro_rules! test_primitives {
+        ($primitive:ident) => {
+            paste::item! {
+                #[test]
+                fn [<test_avro_3939_compare_schemata_$primitive>]() {
+                    let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&Schema::$primitive, &Schema::$primitive);
+                    let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&Schema::$primitive, &Schema::$primitive);
+                    assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    test_primitives!(Null);
+    test_primitives!(Boolean);
+    test_primitives!(Int);
+    test_primitives!(Long);
+    test_primitives!(Float);
+    test_primitives!(Double);
+    test_primitives!(Bytes);
+    test_primitives!(String);
+    test_primitives!(Uuid);
+    test_primitives!(BigDecimal);
+    test_primitives!(Date);
+    test_primitives!(Duration);
+    test_primitives!(TimeMicros);
+    test_primitives!(TimeMillis);
+    test_primitives!(TimestampMicros);
+    test_primitives!(TimestampMillis);
+    test_primitives!(TimestampNanos);
+    test_primitives!(LocalTimestampMicros);
+    test_primitives!(LocalTimestampMillis);
+    test_primitives!(LocalTimestampNanos);
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_named_schemata_with_different_names() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Ref {
+            name: Name::from("name1"),
+        };
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Ref {
+            name: Name::from("name2"),
+        };
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(!specification_eq_res);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(!struct_field_eq_res);
+
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_schemata_not_including_attributes() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::map_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Boolean,
+            BTreeMap::from_iter([("key1".to_string(), Value::Bool(true))]),
+        );
+        let schema_two = Schema::map_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Boolean,
+            BTreeMap::from_iter([("key2".to_string(), Value::Bool(true))]),
+        );
+        // STRUCT_FIELD_EQ does not include attributes !
+        assert!(STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_schemata_including_attributes() {
+        let struct_field_eq = StructFieldEq {
+            include_attributes: true,
+        };
+        let schema_one = Schema::map_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Boolean,
+            BTreeMap::from_iter([("key1".to_string(), Value::Bool(true))]),
+        );
+        let schema_two = Schema::map_with_attributes(
+            Schema::Boolean,
+            BTreeMap::from_iter([("key2".to_string(), Value::Bool(true))]),
+        );
+        assert!(!struct_field_eq.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_map_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::map(Schema::Boolean);
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::map(Schema::Boolean);
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Map failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Map failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_array_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::array(Schema::Boolean);
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::array(Schema::Boolean);
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Array failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Array failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_decimal_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 10,
+            scale: 2,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+        });
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 10,
+            scale: 2,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+        });
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Decimal failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Decimal failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_fixed_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::from("fixed"),
+            doc: None,
+            size: 10,
+            default: None,
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+        });
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::from("fixed"),
+            doc: None,
+            size: 10,
+            default: None,
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+        });
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Fixed failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Fixed failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_enum_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::from("enum"),
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec!["A".to_string(), "B".to_string()],
+            default: None,
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+        });
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::from("enum"),
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec!["A".to_string(), "B".to_string()],
+            default: None,
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+        });
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Enum failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Enum failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_ref_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Ref {
+            name: Name::from("ref"),
+        };
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Ref {
+            name: Name::from("ref"),
+        };
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Ref failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Ref failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_record_schemata() {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::from("record"),
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![RecordField {
+                name: "field".to_string(),
+                doc: None,
+                default: None,
+                schema: Schema::Boolean,
+                order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                aliases: None,
+                custom_attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+                position: 0,
+            }],
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+            lookup: Default::default(),
+        });
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::from("record"),
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![RecordField {
+                name: "field".to_string(),
+                doc: None,
+                default: None,
+                schema: Schema::Boolean,
+                order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                aliases: None,
+                custom_attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+                position: 0,
+            }],
+            aliases: None,
+            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
+            lookup: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Record failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Record failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3939_compare_union_schemata() -> TestResult {
+        let schema_one = Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Boolean, Schema::Int])?);
+        assert!(!SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+        assert!(!STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &Schema::Boolean));
+
+        let schema_two = Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Boolean, Schema::Int])?);
+
+        let specification_eq_res = SPECIFICATION_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        let struct_field_eq_res = STRUCT_FIELD_EQ.compare(&schema_one, &schema_two);
+        assert!(
+            specification_eq_res,
+            "SpecificationEq: Equality of two Schema::Union failed!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            struct_field_eq_res,
+            "StructFieldEq: Equality of two Schema::Union failed!"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(specification_eq_res, struct_field_eq_res);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/ser.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/ser.rs
similarity index 83%
rename from lang/rust/src/ser.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/ser.rs
index 480ea0e4cd9..748e2d54164 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/ser.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/ser.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
 // under the License.
 
 //! Logic for serde-compatible serialization.
-use crate::{types::Value, Error};
+use crate::{
+    bytes::{BytesType, SER_BYTES_TYPE},
+    types::Value,
+    Error,
+};
 use serde::{ser, Serialize};
 use std::{collections::HashMap, iter::once};
 
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
     }
 
     fn serialize_u32(self, v: u32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
-        if v <= i32::max_value() as u32 {
+        if v <= i32::MAX as u32 {
             self.serialize_i32(v as i32)
         } else {
             self.serialize_i64(i64::from(v))
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
     }
 
     fn serialize_u64(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
-        if v <= i64::max_value() as u64 {
+        if v <= i64::MAX as u64 {
             self.serialize_i64(v as i64)
         } else {
             Err(ser::Error::custom("u64 is too large"))
@@ -174,16 +178,19 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
     }
 
     fn serialize_bytes(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(Value::Bytes(v.to_owned()))
+        match SER_BYTES_TYPE.get() {
+            BytesType::Bytes => Ok(Value::Bytes(v.to_owned())),
+            BytesType::Fixed => Ok(Value::Fixed(v.len(), v.to_owned())),
+        }
     }
 
     fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
         Ok(Value::from(None::<Self::Ok>))
     }
 
-    fn serialize_some<T: ?Sized>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_some<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         let v = value.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?;
         Ok(Value::from(Some(v)))
@@ -200,24 +207,24 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
     fn serialize_unit_variant(
         self,
         _: &'static str,
-        index: u32,
+        _variant_index: u32,
         variant: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(Value::Enum(index as i32, variant.to_string()))
+        Ok(Value::String(variant.to_string()))
     }
 
-    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T: ?Sized>(
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(
         self,
         _: &'static str,
         value: &T,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         value.serialize(self)
     }
 
-    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T: ?Sized>(
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(
         self,
         _: &'static str,
         index: u32,
@@ -225,16 +232,13 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
         value: &T,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         Ok(Value::Record(vec![
-            (
-                "type".to_owned(),
-                Value::Enum(index as i32, variant.to_owned()),
-            ),
+            ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(index, variant.to_owned())),
             (
                 "value".to_owned(),
-                Value::Union(Box::new(value.serialize(self)?)),
+                Value::Union(index, Box::new(value.serialize(self)?)),
             ),
         ]))
     }
@@ -286,15 +290,19 @@ impl<'b> ser::Serializer for &'b mut Serializer {
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant, Self::Error> {
         Ok(StructVariantSerializer::new(index, variant, len))
     }
+
+    fn is_human_readable(&self) -> bool {
+        crate::util::is_human_readable()
+    }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ser::SerializeSeq for SeqSerializer {
+impl ser::SerializeSeq for SeqSerializer {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         self.items
             .push(value.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?);
@@ -306,13 +314,13 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeSeq for SeqSerializer {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ser::SerializeTuple for SeqSerializer {
+impl ser::SerializeTuple for SeqSerializer {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
     }
@@ -326,9 +334,9 @@ impl ser::SerializeTupleStruct for SeqSerializer {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
     }
@@ -342,13 +350,14 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeSeq for SeqVariantSerializer<'a> {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
-        self.items.push(Value::Union(Box::new(
-            value.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?,
-        )));
+        self.items.push(Value::Union(
+            self.index,
+            Box::new(value.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?),
+        ));
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -356,7 +365,7 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeSeq for SeqVariantSerializer<'a> {
         Ok(Value::Record(vec![
             (
                 "type".to_owned(),
-                Value::Enum(self.index as i32, self.variant.to_owned()),
+                Value::Enum(self.index, self.variant.to_owned()),
             ),
             ("value".to_owned(), Value::Array(self.items)),
         ]))
@@ -367,9 +376,9 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeTupleVariant for SeqVariantSerializer<'a> {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
     }
@@ -383,9 +392,9 @@ impl ser::SerializeMap for MapSerializer {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_key<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_key<T>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         let key = key.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?;
 
@@ -397,9 +406,9 @@ impl ser::SerializeMap for MapSerializer {
         }
     }
 
-    fn serialize_value<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_value<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         self.values
             .push(value.serialize(&mut Serializer::default())?);
@@ -422,13 +431,9 @@ impl ser::SerializeStruct for StructSerializer {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &'static str,
-        value: &T,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, name: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         self.fields.push((
             name.to_owned(),
@@ -446,13 +451,9 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeStructVariant for StructVariantSerializer<'a> {
     type Ok = Value;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &'static str,
-        value: &T,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, name: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
     where
-        T: Serialize,
+        T: Serialize + ?Sized,
     {
         self.fields.push((
             name.to_owned(),
@@ -465,11 +466,11 @@ impl<'a> ser::SerializeStructVariant for StructVariantSerializer<'a> {
         Ok(Value::Record(vec![
             (
                 "type".to_owned(),
-                Value::Enum(self.index as i32, self.variant.to_owned()),
+                Value::Enum(self.index, self.variant.to_owned()),
             ),
             (
                 "value".to_owned(),
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Record(self.fields))),
+                Value::Union(self.index, Box::new(Value::Record(self.fields))),
             ),
         ]))
     }
@@ -487,7 +488,11 @@ pub fn to_value<S: Serialize>(value: S) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use serial_test::serial;
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
     #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Clone)]
     struct Test {
@@ -679,7 +684,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_value() {
+    fn test_to_value() -> TestResult {
         let test = Test {
             a: 27,
             b: "foo".to_owned(),
@@ -689,7 +694,7 @@ mod tests {
             ("b".to_owned(), Value::String("foo".to_owned())),
         ]);
 
-        assert_eq!(to_value(test.clone()).unwrap(), expected);
+        assert_eq!(to_value(test.clone())?, expected);
 
         let test_inner = TestInner { a: test, b: 35 };
 
@@ -704,19 +709,21 @@ mod tests {
             ("b".to_owned(), Value::Int(35)),
         ]);
 
-        assert_eq!(to_value(test_inner).unwrap(), expected_inner);
+        assert_eq!(to_value(test_inner)?, expected_inner);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_value_unit_enum() {
+    fn test_to_value_unit_enum() -> TestResult {
         let test = TestUnitExternalEnum {
             a: UnitExternalEnum::Val1,
         };
 
-        let expected = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Val1".to_owned()))]);
+        let expected = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned()))]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing unit external enum"
         );
@@ -731,7 +738,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing unit internal enum"
         );
@@ -746,7 +753,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing unit adjacent enum"
         );
@@ -758,14 +765,16 @@ mod tests {
         let expected = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Null)]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing unit untagged enum"
         );
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_value_single_value_enum() {
+    fn test_to_value_single_value_enum() -> TestResult {
         let test = TestSingleValueExternalEnum {
             a: SingleValueExternalEnum::Double(64.0),
         };
@@ -776,13 +785,13 @@ mod tests {
                 ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Double".to_owned())),
                 (
                     "value".to_owned(),
-                    Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Double(64.0))),
+                    Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Double(64.0))),
                 ),
             ]),
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing single value external enum"
         );
@@ -807,7 +816,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing single value adjacent enum"
         );
@@ -819,14 +828,16 @@ mod tests {
         let expected = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Double(64.0))]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "Error serializing single value untagged enum"
         );
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_value_struct_enum() {
+    fn test_to_value_struct_enum() -> TestResult {
         let test = TestStructExternalEnum {
             a: StructExternalEnum::Val1 { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 },
         };
@@ -836,16 +847,19 @@ mod tests {
                 ("type".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Val1".to_owned())),
                 (
                     "value".to_owned(),
-                    Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
-                        ("x".to_owned(), Value::Float(1.0)),
-                        ("y".to_owned(), Value::Float(2.0)),
-                    ]))),
+                    Value::Union(
+                        0,
+                        Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
+                            ("x".to_owned(), Value::Float(1.0)),
+                            ("y".to_owned(), Value::Float(2.0)),
+                        ])),
+                    ),
                 ),
             ]),
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing struct external enum"
         );
@@ -865,7 +879,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing struct internal enum"
         );
@@ -888,7 +902,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing struct adjacent enum"
         );
@@ -905,7 +919,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing struct untagged enum"
         );
@@ -927,14 +941,16 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing struct untagged enum variant"
         );
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_to_value_tuple_enum() {
+    fn test_to_value_tuple_enum() -> TestResult {
         let test = TestTupleExternalEnum {
             a: TupleExternalEnum::Val2(1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
         };
@@ -946,16 +962,16 @@ mod tests {
                 (
                     "value".to_owned(),
                     Value::Array(vec![
-                        Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Float(1.0))),
-                        Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Float(2.0))),
-                        Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Float(3.0))),
+                        Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Float(1.0))),
+                        Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Float(2.0))),
+                        Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Float(3.0))),
                     ]),
                 ),
             ]),
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing tuple external enum"
         );
@@ -976,7 +992,7 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing tuple adjacent enum"
         );
@@ -991,9 +1007,35 @@ mod tests {
         )]);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            to_value(test).unwrap(),
+            to_value(test)?,
             expected,
             "error serializing tuple untagged enum"
         );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[serial(avro_3747)]
+    fn avro_3747_human_readable_false() {
+        use serde::ser::Serializer as SerdeSerializer;
+
+        crate::util::SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.store(false, Ordering::Release);
+
+        let ser = &mut Serializer {};
+
+        assert_eq!(ser.is_human_readable(), false);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[serial(avro_3747)]
+    fn avro_3747_human_readable_true() {
+        use serde::ser::Serializer as SerdeSerializer;
+
+        crate::util::SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+
+        let ser = &mut Serializer {};
+
+        assert!(ser.is_human_readable());
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/types.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a760542778a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3122 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic handling the intermediate representation of Avro values.
+use crate::{
+    bigdecimal::{deserialize_big_decimal, serialize_big_decimal},
+    decimal::Decimal,
+    duration::Duration,
+    schema::{
+        DecimalSchema, EnumSchema, FixedSchema, Name, Namespace, Precision, RecordField,
+        RecordSchema, ResolvedSchema, Scale, Schema, SchemaKind, UnionSchema,
+    },
+    AvroResult, Error,
+};
+use bigdecimal::BigDecimal;
+use serde_json::{Number, Value as JsonValue};
+use std::{
+    borrow::Borrow,
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
+    fmt::Debug,
+    hash::BuildHasher,
+    str::FromStr,
+};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Compute the maximum decimal value precision of a byte array of length `len` could hold.
+fn max_prec_for_len(len: usize) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+    let len = i32::try_from(len).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertLengthToI32(e, len))?;
+    Ok((2.0_f64.powi(8 * len - 1) - 1.0).log10().floor() as usize)
+}
+
+/// A valid Avro value.
+///
+/// More information about Avro values can be found in the [Avro
+/// Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas)
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, strum_macros::EnumDiscriminants)]
+#[strum_discriminants(name(ValueKind))]
+pub enum Value {
+    /// A `null` Avro value.
+    Null,
+    /// A `boolean` Avro value.
+    Boolean(bool),
+    /// A `int` Avro value.
+    Int(i32),
+    /// A `long` Avro value.
+    Long(i64),
+    /// A `float` Avro value.
+    Float(f32),
+    /// A `double` Avro value.
+    Double(f64),
+    /// A `bytes` Avro value.
+    Bytes(Vec<u8>),
+    /// A `string` Avro value.
+    String(String),
+    /// A `fixed` Avro value.
+    /// The size of the fixed value is represented as a `usize`.
+    Fixed(usize, Vec<u8>),
+    /// An `enum` Avro value.
+    ///
+    /// An Enum is represented by a symbol and its position in the symbols list
+    /// of its corresponding schema.
+    /// This allows schema-less encoding, as well as schema resolution while
+    /// reading values.
+    Enum(u32, String),
+    /// An `union` Avro value.
+    ///
+    /// A Union is represented by the value it holds and its position in the type list
+    /// of its corresponding schema
+    /// This allows schema-less encoding, as well as schema resolution while
+    /// reading values.
+    Union(u32, Box<Value>),
+    /// An `array` Avro value.
+    Array(Vec<Value>),
+    /// A `map` Avro value.
+    Map(HashMap<String, Value>),
+    /// A `record` Avro value.
+    ///
+    /// A Record is represented by a vector of (`<record name>`, `value`).
+    /// This allows schema-less encoding.
+    ///
+    /// See [Record](types.Record) for a more user-friendly support.
+    Record(Vec<(String, Value)>),
+    /// A date value.
+    ///
+    /// Serialized and deserialized as `i32` directly. Can only be deserialized properly with a
+    /// schema.
+    Date(i32),
+    /// An Avro Decimal value. Bytes are in big-endian order, per the Avro spec.
+    Decimal(Decimal),
+    /// An Avro Decimal value.
+    BigDecimal(BigDecimal),
+    /// Time in milliseconds.
+    TimeMillis(i32),
+    /// Time in microseconds.
+    TimeMicros(i64),
+    /// Timestamp in milliseconds.
+    TimestampMillis(i64),
+    /// Timestamp in microseconds.
+    TimestampMicros(i64),
+    /// Timestamp in nanoseconds.
+    TimestampNanos(i64),
+    /// Local timestamp in milliseconds.
+    LocalTimestampMillis(i64),
+    /// Local timestamp in microseconds.
+    LocalTimestampMicros(i64),
+    /// Local timestamp in nanoseconds.
+    LocalTimestampNanos(i64),
+    /// Avro Duration. An amount of time defined by months, days and milliseconds.
+    Duration(Duration),
+    /// Universally unique identifier.
+    Uuid(Uuid),
+}
+
+/// Any structure implementing the [ToAvro](trait.ToAvro.html) trait will be usable
+/// from a [Writer](../writer/struct.Writer.html).
+#[deprecated(
+    since = "0.11.0",
+    note = "Please use Value::from, Into::into or value.into() instead"
+)]
+pub trait ToAvro {
+    /// Transforms this value into an Avro-compatible [Value](enum.Value.html).
+    fn avro(self) -> Value;
+}
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+impl<T: Into<Value>> ToAvro for T {
+    fn avro(self) -> Value {
+        self.into()
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! to_value(
+    ($type:ty, $variant_constructor:expr) => (
+        impl From<$type> for Value {
+            fn from(value: $type) -> Self {
+                $variant_constructor(value)
+            }
+        }
+    );
+);
+
+to_value!(bool, Value::Boolean);
+to_value!(i32, Value::Int);
+to_value!(i64, Value::Long);
+to_value!(f32, Value::Float);
+to_value!(f64, Value::Double);
+to_value!(String, Value::String);
+to_value!(Vec<u8>, Value::Bytes);
+to_value!(uuid::Uuid, Value::Uuid);
+to_value!(Decimal, Value::Decimal);
+to_value!(BigDecimal, Value::BigDecimal);
+to_value!(Duration, Value::Duration);
+
+impl From<()> for Value {
+    fn from(_: ()) -> Self {
+        Self::Null
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<usize> for Value {
+    fn from(value: usize) -> Self {
+        i64::try_from(value)
+            .expect("cannot convert usize to i64")
+            .into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for Value {
+    fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
+        Self::String(value.to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&[u8]> for Value {
+    fn from(value: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        Self::Bytes(value.to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<Option<T>> for Value
+where
+    T: Into<Self>,
+{
+    fn from(value: Option<T>) -> Self {
+        // FIXME: this is incorrect in case first type in union is not "none"
+        Self::Union(
+            value.is_some() as u32,
+            Box::new(value.map_or_else(|| Self::Null, Into::into)),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, V, S> From<HashMap<K, V, S>> for Value
+where
+    K: Into<String>,
+    V: Into<Self>,
+    S: BuildHasher,
+{
+    fn from(value: HashMap<K, V, S>) -> Self {
+        Self::Map(
+            value
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(key, value)| (key.into(), value.into()))
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Utility interface to build `Value::Record` objects.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Record<'a> {
+    /// List of fields contained in the record.
+    /// Ordered according to the fields in the schema given to create this
+    /// `Record` object. Any unset field defaults to `Value::Null`.
+    pub fields: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+    schema_lookup: &'a BTreeMap<String, usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Record<'a> {
+    /// Create a `Record` given a `Schema`.
+    ///
+    /// If the `Schema` is not a `Schema::Record` variant, `None` will be returned.
+    pub fn new(schema: &Schema) -> Option<Record> {
+        match *schema {
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                fields: ref schema_fields,
+                lookup: ref schema_lookup,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity(schema_fields.len());
+                for schema_field in schema_fields.iter() {
+                    fields.push((schema_field.name.clone(), Value::Null));
+                }
+
+                Some(Record {
+                    fields,
+                    schema_lookup,
+                })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Put a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) in the
+    /// `Record` for a given `field` name.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** Only ensure that the field name is present in the `Schema` given when creating
+    /// this `Record`. Does not perform any schema validation.
+    pub fn put<V>(&mut self, field: &str, value: V)
+    where
+        V: Into<Value>,
+    {
+        if let Some(&position) = self.schema_lookup.get(field) {
+            self.fields[position].1 = value.into()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<Record<'a>> for Value {
+    fn from(value: Record<'a>) -> Self {
+        Self::Record(value.fields)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<JsonValue> for Value {
+    fn from(value: JsonValue) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            JsonValue::Null => Self::Null,
+            JsonValue::Bool(b) => b.into(),
+            JsonValue::Number(ref n) if n.is_i64() => {
+                let n = n.as_i64().unwrap();
+                if n >= i32::MIN as i64 && n <= i32::MAX as i64 {
+                    Value::Int(n as i32)
+                } else {
+                    Value::Long(n)
+                }
+            }
+            JsonValue::Number(ref n) if n.is_f64() => Value::Double(n.as_f64().unwrap()),
+            JsonValue::Number(n) => Value::Long(n.as_u64().unwrap() as i64), // TODO: Not so great
+            JsonValue::String(s) => s.into(),
+            JsonValue::Array(items) => Value::Array(items.into_iter().map(Value::from).collect()),
+            JsonValue::Object(items) => Value::Map(
+                items
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(key, value)| (key, value.into()))
+                    .collect(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert Avro values to Json values
+impl TryFrom<Value> for JsonValue {
+    type Error = crate::error::Error;
+    fn try_from(value: Value) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        match value {
+            Value::Null => Ok(Self::Null),
+            Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(Self::Bool(b)),
+            Value::Int(i) => Ok(Self::Number(i.into())),
+            Value::Long(l) => Ok(Self::Number(l.into())),
+            Value::Float(f) => Number::from_f64(f.into())
+                .map(Self::Number)
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::ConvertF64ToJson(f.into())),
+            Value::Double(d) => Number::from_f64(d)
+                .map(Self::Number)
+                .ok_or(Error::ConvertF64ToJson(d)),
+            Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Self::Array(bytes.into_iter().map(|b| b.into()).collect())),
+            Value::String(s) => Ok(Self::String(s)),
+            Value::Fixed(_size, items) => {
+                Ok(Self::Array(items.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect()))
+            }
+            Value::Enum(_i, s) => Ok(Self::String(s)),
+            Value::Union(_i, b) => Self::try_from(*b),
+            Value::Array(items) => items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(Self::try_from)
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                .map(Self::Array),
+            Value::Map(items) => items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(key, value)| Self::try_from(value).map(|v| (key, v)))
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                .map(|v| Self::Object(v.into_iter().collect())),
+            Value::Record(items) => items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(key, value)| Self::try_from(value).map(|v| (key, v)))
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                .map(|v| Self::Object(v.into_iter().collect())),
+            Value::Date(d) => Ok(Self::Number(d.into())),
+            Value::Decimal(ref d) => <Vec<u8>>::try_from(d)
+                .map(|vec| Self::Array(vec.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect())),
+            Value::BigDecimal(ref bg) => {
+                let vec1: Vec<u8> = serialize_big_decimal(bg);
+                Ok(Self::Array(vec1.into_iter().map(|b| b.into()).collect()))
+            }
+            Value::TimeMillis(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::TimeMicros(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::TimestampMillis(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::TimestampMicros(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::TimestampNanos(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::LocalTimestampMillis(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::LocalTimestampMicros(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::LocalTimestampNanos(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
+            Value::Duration(d) => Ok(Self::Array(
+                <[u8; 12]>::from(d).iter().map(|&v| v.into()).collect(),
+            )),
+            Value::Uuid(uuid) => Ok(Self::String(uuid.as_hyphenated().to_string())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Value {
+    /// Validate the value against the given [Schema](../schema/enum.Schema.html).
+    ///
+    /// See the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html)
+    /// for the full set of rules of schema validation.
+    pub fn validate(&self, schema: &Schema) -> bool {
+        self.validate_schemata(vec![schema])
+    }
+
+    pub fn validate_schemata(&self, schemata: Vec<&Schema>) -> bool {
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata.clone())
+            .expect("Schemata didn't successfully resolve");
+        let schemata_len = schemata.len();
+        schemata.iter().any(|schema| {
+            let enclosing_namespace = schema.namespace();
+
+            match self.validate_internal(schema, rs.get_names(), &enclosing_namespace) {
+                Some(reason) => {
+                    let log_message = format!(
+                        "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                        self, schema, reason
+                    );
+                    if schemata_len == 1 {
+                        error!("{}", log_message);
+                    } else {
+                        debug!("{}", log_message);
+                    };
+                    false
+                }
+                None => true,
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn accumulate(accumulator: Option<String>, other: Option<String>) -> Option<String> {
+        match (accumulator, other) {
+            (None, None) => None,
+            (None, s @ Some(_)) => s,
+            (s @ Some(_), None) => s,
+            (Some(reason1), Some(reason2)) => Some(format!("{reason1}\n{reason2}")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Validates the value against the provided schema.
+    pub(crate) fn validate_internal<S: std::borrow::Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        &self,
+        schema: &Schema,
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Option<String> {
+        match (self, schema) {
+            (_, Schema::Ref { name }) => {
+                let name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                names.get(&name).map_or_else(
+                    || {
+                        Some(format!(
+                            "Unresolved schema reference: '{:?}'. Parsed names: {:?}",
+                            name,
+                            names.keys()
+                        ))
+                    },
+                    |s| self.validate_internal(s.borrow(), names, &name.namespace),
+                )
+            }
+            (&Value::Null, &Schema::Null) => None,
+            (&Value::Boolean(_), &Schema::Boolean) => None,
+            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::Int) => None,
+            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::Date) => None,
+            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::TimeMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::Long) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::Long) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimeMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimestampMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimestampMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::LocalTimestampMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::LocalTimestampMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::TimestampMicros(_), &Schema::TimestampMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::TimestampMillis(_), &Schema::TimestampMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::TimestampNanos(_), &Schema::TimestampNanos) => None,
+            (&Value::LocalTimestampMicros(_), &Schema::LocalTimestampMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::LocalTimestampMillis(_), &Schema::LocalTimestampMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::LocalTimestampNanos(_), &Schema::LocalTimestampNanos) => None,
+            (&Value::TimeMicros(_), &Schema::TimeMicros) => None,
+            (&Value::TimeMillis(_), &Schema::TimeMillis) => None,
+            (&Value::Date(_), &Schema::Date) => None,
+            (&Value::Decimal(_), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => None,
+            (&Value::BigDecimal(_), &Schema::BigDecimal) => None,
+            (&Value::Duration(_), &Schema::Duration) => None,
+            (&Value::Uuid(_), &Schema::Uuid) => None,
+            (&Value::Float(_), &Schema::Float) => None,
+            (&Value::Float(_), &Schema::Double) => None,
+            (&Value::Double(_), &Schema::Double) => None,
+            (&Value::Bytes(_), &Schema::Bytes) => None,
+            (&Value::Bytes(_), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => None,
+            (&Value::String(_), &Schema::String) => None,
+            (&Value::String(_), &Schema::Uuid) => None,
+            (&Value::Fixed(n, _), &Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. })) => {
+                if n != size {
+                    Some(format!(
+                        "The value's size ({n}) is different than the schema's size ({size})"
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            (Value::Bytes(b), &Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. })) => {
+                if b.len() != size {
+                    Some(format!(
+                        "The bytes' length ({}) is different than the schema's size ({})",
+                        b.len(),
+                        size
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            (&Value::Fixed(n, _), &Schema::Duration) => {
+                if n != 12 {
+                    Some(format!(
+                        "The value's size ('{n}') must be exactly 12 to be a Duration"
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            // TODO: check precision against n
+            (&Value::Fixed(_n, _), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => None,
+            (Value::String(s), Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { symbols, .. })) => {
+                if !symbols.contains(s) {
+                    Some(format!("'{s}' is not a member of the possible symbols"))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            (
+                &Value::Enum(i, ref s),
+                Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                    symbols, default, ..
+                }),
+            ) => symbols
+                .get(i as usize)
+                .map(|ref symbol| {
+                    if symbol != &s {
+                        Some(format!("Symbol '{s}' is not at position '{i}'"))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| match default {
+                    Some(_) => None,
+                    None => Some(format!("No symbol at position '{i}'")),
+                }),
+            // (&Value::Union(None), &Schema::Union(_)) => None,
+            (&Value::Union(i, ref value), Schema::Union(inner)) => inner
+                .variants()
+                .get(i as usize)
+                .map(|schema| value.validate_internal(schema, names, enclosing_namespace))
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| Some(format!("No schema in the union at position '{i}'"))),
+            (v, Schema::Union(inner)) => {
+                match inner.find_schema_with_known_schemata(v, Some(names), enclosing_namespace) {
+                    Some(_) => None,
+                    None => Some("Could not find matching type in union".to_string()),
+                }
+            }
+            (Value::Array(items), Schema::Array(inner)) => items.iter().fold(None, |acc, item| {
+                Value::accumulate(
+                    acc,
+                    item.validate_internal(&inner.items, names, enclosing_namespace),
+                )
+            }),
+            (Value::Map(items), Schema::Map(inner)) => {
+                items.iter().fold(None, |acc, (_, value)| {
+                    Value::accumulate(
+                        acc,
+                        value.validate_internal(&inner.types, names, enclosing_namespace),
+                    )
+                })
+            }
+            (
+                Value::Record(record_fields),
+                Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                    fields,
+                    lookup,
+                    name,
+                    ..
+                }),
+            ) => {
+                let non_nullable_fields_count =
+                    fields.iter().filter(|&rf| !rf.is_nullable()).count();
+
+                // If the record contains fewer fields as required fields by the schema, it is invalid.
+                if record_fields.len() < non_nullable_fields_count {
+                    return Some(format!(
+                        "The value's records length ({}) doesn't match the schema ({} non-nullable fields)",
+                        record_fields.len(),
+                        non_nullable_fields_count
+                    ));
+                } else if record_fields.len() > fields.len() {
+                    return Some(format!(
+                        "The value's records length ({}) is greater than the schema's ({} fields)",
+                        record_fields.len(),
+                        fields.len(),
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                record_fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .fold(None, |acc, (field_name, record_field)| {
+                        let record_namespace = if name.namespace.is_none() {
+                            enclosing_namespace
+                        } else {
+                            &name.namespace
+                        };
+                        match lookup.get(field_name) {
+                            Some(idx) => {
+                                let field = &fields[*idx];
+                                Value::accumulate(
+                                    acc,
+                                    record_field.validate_internal(
+                                        &field.schema,
+                                        names,
+                                        record_namespace,
+                                    ),
+                                )
+                            }
+                            None => Value::accumulate(
+                                acc,
+                                Some(format!("There is no schema field for field '{field_name}'")),
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    })
+            }
+            (Value::Map(items), Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. })) => {
+                fields.iter().fold(None, |acc, field| {
+                    if let Some(item) = items.get(&field.name) {
+                        let res = item.validate_internal(&field.schema, names, enclosing_namespace);
+                        Value::accumulate(acc, res)
+                    } else if !field.is_nullable() {
+                        Value::accumulate(
+                            acc,
+                            Some(format!(
+                                "Field with name '{:?}' is not a member of the map items",
+                                field.name
+                            )),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        acc
+                    }
+                })
+            }
+            (v, s) => Some(format!(
+                "Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: {:?}, schema: {:?}",
+                v, s
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Attempt to perform schema resolution on the value, with the given
+    /// [Schema](../schema/enum.Schema.html).
+    ///
+    /// See [Schema Resolution](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Schema+Resolution)
+    /// in the Avro specification for the full set of rules of schema
+    /// resolution.
+    pub fn resolve(self, schema: &Schema) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let enclosing_namespace = schema.namespace();
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schema)?;
+        self.resolve_internal(schema, rs.get_names(), &enclosing_namespace, &None)
+    }
+
+    /// Attempt to perform schema resolution on the value, with the given
+    /// [Schema](../schema/enum.Schema.html) and set of schemas to use for Refs resolution.
+    ///
+    /// See [Schema Resolution](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Schema+Resolution)
+    /// in the Avro specification for the full set of rules of schema
+    /// resolution.
+    pub fn resolve_schemata(self, schema: &Schema, schemata: Vec<&Schema>) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        let enclosing_namespace = schema.namespace();
+        let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata)?;
+        self.resolve_internal(schema, rs.get_names(), &enclosing_namespace, &None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resolve_internal<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        mut self,
+        schema: &Schema,
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        field_default: &Option<JsonValue>,
+    ) -> AvroResult<Self> {
+        // Check if this schema is a union, and if the reader schema is not.
+        if SchemaKind::from(&self) == SchemaKind::Union
+            && SchemaKind::from(schema) != SchemaKind::Union
+        {
+            // Pull out the Union, and attempt to resolve against it.
+            let v = match self {
+                Value::Union(_i, b) => *b,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            self = v;
+        }
+        match *schema {
+            Schema::Ref { ref name } => {
+                let name = name.fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+
+                if let Some(resolved) = names.get(&name) {
+                    debug!("Resolved {:?}", name);
+                    self.resolve_internal(resolved.borrow(), names, &name.namespace, field_default)
+                } else {
+                    error!("Failed to resolve schema {:?}", name);
+                    Err(Error::SchemaResolutionError(name.clone()))
+                }
+            }
+            Schema::Null => self.resolve_null(),
+            Schema::Boolean => self.resolve_boolean(),
+            Schema::Int => self.resolve_int(),
+            Schema::Long => self.resolve_long(),
+            Schema::Float => self.resolve_float(),
+            Schema::Double => self.resolve_double(),
+            Schema::Bytes => self.resolve_bytes(),
+            Schema::String => self.resolve_string(),
+            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => self.resolve_fixed(size),
+            Schema::Union(ref inner) => {
+                self.resolve_union(inner, names, enclosing_namespace, field_default)
+            }
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                ref symbols,
+                ref default,
+                ..
+            }) => self.resolve_enum(symbols, default, field_default),
+            Schema::Array(ref inner) => {
+                self.resolve_array(&inner.items, names, enclosing_namespace)
+            }
+            Schema::Map(ref inner) => self.resolve_map(&inner.types, names, enclosing_namespace),
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { ref fields, .. }) => {
+                self.resolve_record(fields, names, enclosing_namespace)
+            }
+            Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                scale,
+                precision,
+                ref inner,
+            }) => self.resolve_decimal(precision, scale, inner),
+            Schema::BigDecimal => self.resolve_bigdecimal(),
+            Schema::Date => self.resolve_date(),
+            Schema::TimeMillis => self.resolve_time_millis(),
+            Schema::TimeMicros => self.resolve_time_micros(),
+            Schema::TimestampMillis => self.resolve_timestamp_millis(),
+            Schema::TimestampMicros => self.resolve_timestamp_micros(),
+            Schema::TimestampNanos => self.resolve_timestamp_nanos(),
+            Schema::LocalTimestampMillis => self.resolve_local_timestamp_millis(),
+            Schema::LocalTimestampMicros => self.resolve_local_timestamp_micros(),
+            Schema::LocalTimestampNanos => self.resolve_local_timestamp_nanos(),
+            Schema::Duration => self.resolve_duration(),
+            Schema::Uuid => self.resolve_uuid(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_uuid(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        Ok(match self {
+            uuid @ Value::Uuid(_) => uuid,
+            Value::String(ref string) => {
+                Value::Uuid(Uuid::from_str(string).map_err(Error::ConvertStrToUuid)?)
+            }
+            other => return Err(Error::GetUuid(other.into())),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_bigdecimal(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        Ok(match self {
+            bg @ Value::BigDecimal(_) => bg,
+            Value::Bytes(b) => Value::BigDecimal(deserialize_big_decimal(&b).unwrap()),
+            other => return Err(Error::GetBigdecimal(other.into())),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_duration(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        Ok(match self {
+            duration @ Value::Duration { .. } => duration,
+            Value::Fixed(size, bytes) => {
+                if size != 12 {
+                    return Err(Error::GetDecimalFixedBytes(size));
+                }
+                Value::Duration(Duration::from([
+                    bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4], bytes[5], bytes[6], bytes[7],
+                    bytes[8], bytes[9], bytes[10], bytes[11],
+                ]))
+            }
+            other => return Err(Error::ResolveDuration(other.into())),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_decimal(
+        self,
+        precision: Precision,
+        scale: Scale,
+        inner: &Schema,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        if scale > precision {
+            return Err(Error::GetScaleAndPrecision { scale, precision });
+        }
+        match inner {
+            &Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { size, .. }) => {
+                if max_prec_for_len(size)? < precision {
+                    return Err(Error::GetScaleWithFixedSize { size, precision });
+                }
+            }
+            Schema::Bytes => (),
+            _ => return Err(Error::ResolveDecimalSchema(inner.into())),
+        };
+        match self {
+            Value::Decimal(num) => {
+                let num_bytes = num.len();
+                if max_prec_for_len(num_bytes)? < precision {
+                    Err(Error::ComparePrecisionAndSize {
+                        precision,
+                        num_bytes,
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Value::Decimal(num))
+                }
+                // check num.bits() here
+            }
+            Value::Fixed(_, bytes) | Value::Bytes(bytes) => {
+                if max_prec_for_len(bytes.len())? < precision {
+                    Err(Error::ComparePrecisionAndSize {
+                        precision,
+                        num_bytes: bytes.len(),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    // precision and scale match, can we assume the underlying type can hold the data?
+                    Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes)))
+                }
+            }
+            other => Err(Error::ResolveDecimal(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_date(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Date(d) | Value::Int(d) => Ok(Value::Date(d)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetDate(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_time_millis(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::TimeMillis(t) | Value::Int(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMillis(t)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetTimeMillis(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_time_micros(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::TimeMicros(t) | Value::Long(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMicros(t)),
+            Value::Int(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMicros(i64::from(t))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetTimeMicros(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_timestamp_millis(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::TimestampMillis(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMillis(ts)),
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMillis(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetTimestampMillis(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_timestamp_micros(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::TimestampMicros(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMicros(ts)),
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMicros(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetTimestampMicros(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_timestamp_nanos(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::TimestampNanos(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampNanos(ts)),
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampNanos(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetTimestampNanos(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_local_timestamp_millis(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::LocalTimestampMillis(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => {
+                Ok(Value::LocalTimestampMillis(ts))
+            }
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::LocalTimestampMillis(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetLocalTimestampMillis(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_local_timestamp_micros(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::LocalTimestampMicros(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => {
+                Ok(Value::LocalTimestampMicros(ts))
+            }
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::LocalTimestampMicros(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetLocalTimestampMicros(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_local_timestamp_nanos(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::LocalTimestampNanos(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::LocalTimestampNanos(ts)),
+            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::LocalTimestampNanos(i64::from(ts))),
+            other => Err(Error::GetLocalTimestampNanos(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_null(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Null => Ok(Value::Null),
+            other => Err(Error::GetNull(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_boolean(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(Value::Boolean(b)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetBoolean(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_int(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Int(n)),
+            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Int(n as i32)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetInt(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_long(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Long(i64::from(n))),
+            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Long(n)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetLong(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_float(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Float(n as f32)),
+            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Float(n as f32)),
+            Value::Float(x) => Ok(Value::Float(x)),
+            Value::Double(x) => Ok(Value::Float(x as f32)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetFloat(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_double(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Double(f64::from(n))),
+            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Double(n as f64)),
+            Value::Float(x) => Ok(Value::Double(f64::from(x))),
+            Value::Double(x) => Ok(Value::Double(x)),
+            other => Err(Error::GetDouble(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_bytes(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Value::Bytes(bytes)),
+            Value::String(s) => Ok(Value::Bytes(s.into_bytes())),
+            Value::Array(items) => Ok(Value::Bytes(
+                items
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(Value::try_u8)
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+            )),
+            other => Err(Error::GetBytes(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_string(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::String(s) => Ok(Value::String(s)),
+            Value::Bytes(bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, bytes) => Ok(Value::String(
+                String::from_utf8(bytes).map_err(Error::ConvertToUtf8)?,
+            )),
+            other => Err(Error::GetString(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_fixed(self, size: usize) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Fixed(n, bytes) => {
+                if n == size {
+                    Ok(Value::Fixed(n, bytes))
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::CompareFixedSizes { size, n })
+                }
+            }
+            Value::String(s) => Ok(Value::Fixed(s.len(), s.into_bytes())),
+            Value::Bytes(s) => {
+                if s.len() == size {
+                    Ok(Value::Fixed(size, s))
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::CompareFixedSizes { size, n: s.len() })
+                }
+            }
+            other => Err(Error::GetStringForFixed(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resolve_enum(
+        self,
+        symbols: &[String],
+        enum_default: &Option<String>,
+        _field_default: &Option<JsonValue>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let validate_symbol = |symbol: String, symbols: &[String]| {
+            if let Some(index) = symbols.iter().position(|item| item == &symbol) {
+                Ok(Value::Enum(index as u32, symbol))
+            } else {
+                match enum_default {
+                    Some(default) => {
+                        if let Some(index) = symbols.iter().position(|item| item == default) {
+                            Ok(Value::Enum(index as u32, default.clone()))
+                        } else {
+                            Err(Error::GetEnumDefault {
+                                symbol,
+                                symbols: symbols.into(),
+                            })
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => Err(Error::GetEnumDefault {
+                        symbol,
+                        symbols: symbols.into(),
+                    }),
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        match self {
+            Value::Enum(_raw_index, s) => validate_symbol(s, symbols),
+            Value::String(s) => validate_symbol(s, symbols),
+            other => Err(Error::GetEnum(other.into())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_union<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        self,
+        schema: &UnionSchema,
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+        field_default: &Option<JsonValue>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let v = match self {
+            // Both are unions case.
+            Value::Union(_i, v) => *v,
+            // Reader is a union, but writer is not.
+            v => v,
+        };
+        let (i, inner) = schema
+            .find_schema_with_known_schemata(&v, Some(names), enclosing_namespace)
+            .ok_or(Error::FindUnionVariant)?;
+
+        Ok(Value::Union(
+            i as u32,
+            Box::new(v.resolve_internal(inner, names, enclosing_namespace, field_default)?),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_array<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        self,
+        schema: &Schema,
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Array(items) => Ok(Value::Array(
+                items
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|item| item.resolve_internal(schema, names, enclosing_namespace, &None))
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
+            )),
+            other => Err(Error::GetArray {
+                expected: schema.into(),
+                other: other.into(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_map<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        self,
+        schema: &Schema,
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Map(items) => Ok(Value::Map(
+                items
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(key, value)| {
+                        value
+                            .resolve_internal(schema, names, enclosing_namespace, &None)
+                            .map(|value| (key, value))
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
+            )),
+            other => Err(Error::GetMap {
+                expected: schema.into(),
+                other: other.into(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_record<S: Borrow<Schema> + Debug>(
+        self,
+        fields: &[RecordField],
+        names: &HashMap<Name, S>,
+        enclosing_namespace: &Namespace,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let mut items = match self {
+            Value::Map(items) => Ok(items),
+            Value::Record(fields) => Ok(fields.into_iter().collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()),
+            other => Err(Error::GetRecord {
+                expected: fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|field| (field.name.clone(), field.schema.clone().into()))
+                    .collect(),
+                other: other.into(),
+            }),
+        }?;
+
+        let new_fields = fields
+            .iter()
+            .map(|field| {
+                let value = match items.remove(&field.name) {
+                    Some(value) => value,
+                    None => match field.default {
+                        Some(ref value) => match field.schema {
+                            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+                                ref symbols,
+                                ref default,
+                                ..
+                            }) => Value::from(value.clone()).resolve_enum(
+                                symbols,
+                                default,
+                                &field.default.clone(),
+                            )?,
+                            Schema::Union(ref union_schema) => {
+                                let first = &union_schema.variants()[0];
+                                // NOTE: this match exists only to optimize null defaults for large
+                                // backward-compatible schemas with many nullable fields
+                                match first {
+                                    Schema::Null => Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+                                    _ => Value::Union(
+                                        0,
+                                        Box::new(Value::from(value.clone()).resolve_internal(
+                                            first,
+                                            names,
+                                            enclosing_namespace,
+                                            &field.default,
+                                        )?),
+                                    ),
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => Value::from(value.clone()),
+                        },
+                        None => {
+                            return Err(Error::GetField(field.name.clone()));
+                        }
+                    },
+                };
+                value
+                    .resolve_internal(&field.schema, names, enclosing_namespace, &field.default)
+                    .map(|value| (field.name.clone(), value))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+        Ok(Value::Record(new_fields))
+    }
+
+    fn try_u8(self) -> AvroResult<u8> {
+        let int = self.resolve(&Schema::Int)?;
+        if let Value::Int(n) = int {
+            if n >= 0 && n <= i32::from(u8::MAX) {
+                return Ok(n as u8);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(Error::GetU8(int.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        duration::{Days, Millis, Months},
+        schema::RecordFieldOrder,
+    };
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::{
+        logger::{assert_logged, assert_not_logged},
+        TestResult,
+    };
+    use num_bigint::BigInt;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3809_validate_nested_records_with_implicit_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+            "name": "record_name",
+            "namespace": "space",
+            "type": "record",
+            "fields": [
+              {
+                "name": "outer_field_1",
+                "type": {
+                  "type": "record",
+                  "name": "middle_record_name",
+                  "namespace": "middle_namespace",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "middle_field_1",
+                      "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "inner_record_name",
+                        "fields": [
+                          { "name": "inner_field_1", "type": "double" }
+                        ]
+                      }
+                    },
+                    { "name": "middle_field_2", "type": "inner_record_name" }
+                  ]
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          }"#,
+        )?;
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "outer_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                (
+                    "middle_field_1".into(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(1.2f64))]),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "middle_field_2".into(),
+                    Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(1.6f64))]),
+                ),
+            ]),
+        )]);
+
+        assert!(value.validate(&schema));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate() -> TestResult {
+        let value_schema_valid = vec![
+            (Value::Int(42), Schema::Int, true, ""),
+            (Value::Int(43), Schema::Long, true, ""),
+            (Value::Float(43.2), Schema::Float, true, ""),
+            (Value::Float(45.9), Schema::Double, true, ""),
+            (
+                Value::Int(42),
+                Schema::Boolean,
+                false,
+                "Invalid value: Int(42) for schema: Boolean. Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Int(42), schema: Boolean",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int])?),
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Int(42))),
+                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int])?),
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Double, Schema::Int])?),
+                false,
+                "Invalid value: Union(0, Null) for schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Double, Int], variant_index: {Int: 1, Double: 0} }). Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Null, schema: Double",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(3, Box::new(Value::Int(42))),
+                Schema::Union(
+                    UnionSchema::new(vec![
+                        Schema::Null,
+                        Schema::Double,
+                        Schema::String,
+                        Schema::Int,
+                    ])
+                    ?,
+                ),
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Long(42i64))),
+                Schema::Union(
+                    UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::TimestampMillis])?,
+                ),
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Union(2, Box::new(Value::Long(1_i64))),
+                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int])?),
+                false,
+                "Invalid value: Union(2, Long(1)) for schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }). Reason: No schema in the union at position '2'",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Long(42i64)]),
+                Schema::array(Schema::Long),
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Boolean(true)]),
+                Schema::array(Schema::Long),
+                false,
+                "Invalid value: Array([Boolean(true)]) for schema: Array(ArraySchema { items: Long, attributes: {} }). Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Boolean(true), schema: Long",
+            ),
+            (Value::Record(vec![]), Schema::Null, false, "Invalid value: Record([]) for schema: Null. Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Record([]), schema: Null"),
+            (
+                Value::Fixed(12, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]),
+                Schema::Duration,
+                true,
+                "",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Fixed(11, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]),
+                Schema::Duration,
+                false,
+                "Invalid value: Fixed(11, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]) for schema: Duration. Reason: The value's size ('11') must be exactly 12 to be a Duration",
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Record(vec![("unknown_field_name".to_string(), Value::Null)]),
+                Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                    name: Name::new("record_name").unwrap(),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    doc: None,
+                    fields: vec![RecordField {
+                        name: "field_name".to_string(),
+                        doc: None,
+                        default: None,
+                        aliases: None,
+                        schema: Schema::Int,
+                        order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                        position: 0,
+                        custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }],
+                    lookup: Default::default(),
+                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                }),
+                false,
+                r#"Invalid value: Record([("unknown_field_name", Null)]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "record_name", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "field_name", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Int, order: Ignore, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {}, attributes: {} }). Reason: There is no schema field for field 'unknown_field_name'"#,
+            ),
+            (
+                Value::Record(vec![("field_name".to_string(), Value::Null)]),
+                Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                    name: Name::new("record_name").unwrap(),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    doc: None,
+                    fields: vec![RecordField {
+                        name: "field_name".to_string(),
+                        doc: None,
+                        default: None,
+                        aliases: None,
+                        schema: Schema::Ref {
+                            name: Name::new("missing").unwrap(),
+                        },
+                        order: RecordFieldOrder::Ignore,
+                        position: 0,
+                        custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                    }],
+                    lookup: [("field_name".to_string(), 0)].iter().cloned().collect(),
+                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                }),
+                false,
+                r#"Invalid value: Record([("field_name", Null)]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "record_name", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "field_name", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Ref { name: Name { name: "missing", namespace: None } }, order: Ignore, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"field_name": 0}, attributes: {} }). Reason: Unresolved schema reference: 'Name { name: "missing", namespace: None }'. Parsed names: []"#,
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for (value, schema, valid, expected_err_message) in value_schema_valid.into_iter() {
+            let err_message =
+                value.validate_internal::<Schema>(&schema, &HashMap::default(), &None);
+            assert_eq!(valid, err_message.is_none());
+            if !valid {
+                let full_err_message = format!(
+                    "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                    value,
+                    schema,
+                    err_message.unwrap()
+                );
+                assert_eq!(expected_err_message, full_err_message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            size: 4,
+            name: Name::new("some_fixed").unwrap(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert!(Value::Fixed(4, vec![0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
+        let value = Value::Fixed(5, vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, schema, "The value's size (5) is different than the schema's size (4)"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        assert!(Value::Bytes(vec![0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
+        let value = Value::Bytes(vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, schema, "The bytes' length (5) is different than the schema's size (4)"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_enum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::new("some_enum").unwrap(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec![
+                "spades".to_string(),
+                "hearts".to_string(),
+                "diamonds".to_string(),
+                "clubs".to_string(),
+            ],
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert!(Value::Enum(0, "spades".to_string()).validate(&schema));
+        assert!(Value::String("spades".to_string()).validate(&schema));
+
+        let value = Value::Enum(1, "spades".to_string());
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, schema, "Symbol 'spades' is not at position '1'"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::Enum(1000, "spades".to_string());
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, schema, "No symbol at position '1000'"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::String("lorem".to_string());
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, schema, "'lorem' is not a member of the possible symbols"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        let other_schema = Schema::Enum(EnumSchema {
+            name: Name::new("some_other_enum").unwrap(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            symbols: vec![
+                "hearts".to_string(),
+                "diamonds".to_string(),
+                "clubs".to_string(),
+                "spades".to_string(),
+            ],
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        let value = Value::Enum(0, "spades".to_string());
+        assert!(!value.validate(&other_schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            format!(
+                "Invalid value: {:?} for schema: {:?}. Reason: {}",
+                value, other_schema, "Symbol 'spades' is not at position '0'"
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_record() -> TestResult {
+        // {
+        //    "type": "record",
+        //    "fields": [
+        //      {"type": "long", "name": "a"},
+        //      {"type": "string", "name": "b"},
+        //      {
+        //          "type": ["null", "int"]
+        //          "name": "c",
+        //          "default": null
+        //      }
+        //    ]
+        // }
+        let schema = Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            name: Name::new("some_record").unwrap(),
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            fields: vec![
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "a".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Long,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 0,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "b".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::String,
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 1,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+                RecordField {
+                    name: "c".to_string(),
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: Some(JsonValue::Null),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    schema: Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int])?),
+                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                    position: 2,
+                    custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            lookup: [
+                ("a".to_string(), 0),
+                ("b".to_string(), 1),
+                ("c".to_string(), 2),
+            ]
+            .iter()
+            .cloned()
+            .collect(),
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+
+        assert!(Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+        ])
+        .validate(&schema));
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+        ]);
+        assert!(value.validate(&schema));
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Boolean(false)),
+            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+        ]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: Record([("a", Boolean(false)), ("b", String("foo"))]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "some_record", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "a", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Long, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "b", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "c", doc: None, aliases: None, default: Some(Null), schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 2, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}, attributes: {} }). Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Boolean(false), schema: Long"#,
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+            ("c".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+        ]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: Record([("a", Long(42)), ("c", String("foo"))]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "some_record", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "a", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Long, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "b", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "c", doc: None, aliases: None, default: Some(Null), schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 2, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}, attributes: {} }). Reason: Could not find matching type in union"#,
+        );
+        assert_not_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: String("foo") for schema: Int. Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination"#,
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+            ("d".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+        ]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: Record([("a", Long(42)), ("d", String("foo"))]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "some_record", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "a", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Long, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "b", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "c", doc: None, aliases: None, default: Some(Null), schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 2, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}, attributes: {} }). Reason: There is no schema field for field 'd'"#,
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+            ("c".to_string(), Value::Null),
+            ("d".to_string(), Value::Null),
+        ]);
+        assert!(!value.validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: Record([("a", Long(42)), ("b", String("foo")), ("c", Null), ("d", Null)]) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "some_record", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "a", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Long, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "b", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "c", doc: None, aliases: None, default: Some(Null), schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 2, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}, attributes: {} }). Reason: The value's records length (4) is greater than the schema's (3 fields)"#,
+        );
+
+        assert!(Value::Map(
+            vec![
+                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+            ]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect()
+        )
+        .validate(&schema));
+
+        assert!(!Value::Map(
+            vec![("d".to_string(), Value::Long(123_i64)),]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+        )
+        .validate(&schema));
+        assert_logged(
+            r#"Invalid value: Map({"d": Long(123)}) for schema: Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "some_record", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "a", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: Long, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "b", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "c", doc: None, aliases: None, default: Some(Null), schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Int], variant_index: {Null: 0, Int: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 2, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}, attributes: {} }). Reason: Field with name '"a"' is not a member of the map items
+Field with name '"b"' is not a member of the map items"#,
+        );
+
+        let union_schema = Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, schema])?);
+
+        assert!(Value::Union(
+            1,
+            Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
+                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+            ]))
+        )
+        .validate(&union_schema));
+
+        assert!(Value::Union(
+            1,
+            Box::new(Value::Map(
+                vec![
+                    ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
+                    ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+            ))
+        )
+        .validate(&union_schema));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_bytes_ok() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(0), Value::Int(42)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            value.resolve(&Schema::Bytes)?,
+            Value::Bytes(vec![0u8, 42u8])
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_string_from_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Bytes(vec![97, 98, 99]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            value.resolve(&Schema::String)?,
+            Value::String("abc".to_string())
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_string_from_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Fixed(3, vec![97, 98, 99]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            value.resolve(&Schema::String)?,
+            Value::String("abc".to_string())
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_bytes_failure() {
+        let value = Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(2000), Value::Int(-42)]);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Bytes).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_decimal_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
+        value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+            precision: 10,
+            scale: 4,
+            inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+        }))?;
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_decimal_invalid_scale() {
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1, 2]));
+        assert!(value
+            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 2,
+                scale: 3,
+                inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+            }))
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_decimal_invalid_precision_for_length() {
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from((1u8..=8u8).rev().collect::<Vec<_>>()));
+        assert!(value
+            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 1,
+                scale: 0,
+                inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
+            }))
+            .is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_decimal_fixed() {
+        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
+        assert!(value
+            .clone()
+            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 10,
+                scale: 1,
+                inner: Box::new(Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                    name: Name::new("decimal").unwrap(),
+                    aliases: None,
+                    size: 20,
+                    doc: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                }))
+            }))
+            .is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_date() {
+        let value = Value::Date(2345);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Date).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_time_millis() {
+        let value = Value::TimeMillis(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimeMillis).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimeMicros).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_time_micros() {
+        let value = Value::TimeMicros(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimeMicros).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimeMillis).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_timestamp_millis() {
+        let value = Value::TimestampMillis(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimestampMillis).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Float).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Float(10.0f32);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMillis).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_timestamp_micros() {
+        let value = Value::TimestampMicros(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Int).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Double(10.0);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3914_resolve_timestamp_nanos() {
+        let value = Value::TimestampNanos(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimestampNanos).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Int).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Double(10.0);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampNanos).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3853_resolve_timestamp_millis() {
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampMillis(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampMillis).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Float).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Float(10.0f32);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampMillis).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3853_resolve_timestamp_micros() {
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampMicros(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampMicros).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Int).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Double(10.0);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampMicros).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3916_resolve_timestamp_nanos() {
+        let value = Value::LocalTimestampNanos(10);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampNanos).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Int).is_err());
+
+        let value = Value::Double(10.0);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::LocalTimestampNanos).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_duration() {
+        let value = Value::Duration(Duration::new(
+            Months::new(10),
+            Days::new(5),
+            Millis::new(3000),
+        ));
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Duration).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
+        assert!(Value::Long(1i64).resolve(&Schema::Duration).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_uuid() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str("1481531d-ccc9-46d9-a56f-5b67459c0537")?);
+        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Uuid).is_ok());
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3678_resolve_float_to_double() {
+        let value = Value::Float(2345.1);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Double).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3621_resolve_to_nullable_union() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "root",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "event",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "event",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "amount",
+                                    "type": "int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "size",
+                                    "type": [
+                                        "null",
+                                        "int"
+                                    ],
+                                    "default": null
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "event".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("amount".to_string(), Value::Int(200))]),
+        )]);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&schema).is_ok());
+
+        let value = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "event".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("size".to_string(), Value::Int(1))]),
+        )]);
+        assert!(value.resolve(&schema).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn json_from_avro() -> TestResult {
+        assert_eq!(JsonValue::try_from(Value::Null)?, JsonValue::Null);
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Boolean(true))?,
+            JsonValue::Bool(true)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Int(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Long(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Float(1.0))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(Number::from_f64(1.0).unwrap())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Double(1.0))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(Number::from_f64(1.0).unwrap())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Bytes(vec![1, 2, 3]))?,
+            JsonValue::Array(vec![
+                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::String("test".into()))?,
+            JsonValue::String("test".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Fixed(3, vec![1, 2, 3]))?,
+            JsonValue::Array(vec![
+                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Enum(1, "test_enum".into()))?,
+            JsonValue::String("test_enum".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::String("test_enum".into()))))?,
+            JsonValue::String("test_enum".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::Int(1),
+                Value::Int(2),
+                Value::Int(3)
+            ]))?,
+            JsonValue::Array(vec![
+                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Map(
+                vec![
+                    ("v1".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
+                    ("v2".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
+                    ("v3".to_string(), Value::Int(3))
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+            ))?,
+            JsonValue::Object(
+                vec![
+                    ("v1".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(1.into())),
+                    ("v2".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(2.into())),
+                    ("v3".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(3.into()))
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Record(vec![
+                ("v1".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
+                ("v2".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
+                ("v3".to_string(), Value::Int(3))
+            ]))?,
+            JsonValue::Object(
+                vec![
+                    ("v1".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(1.into())),
+                    ("v2".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(2.into())),
+                    ("v3".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(3.into()))
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+            )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Date(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Decimal(vec![1, 2, 3].into()))?,
+            JsonValue::Array(vec![
+                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimeMillis(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimeMicros(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimestampMillis(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimestampMicros(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimestampNanos(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::LocalTimestampMillis(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::LocalTimestampMicros(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::LocalTimestampNanos(1))?,
+            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Duration(
+                [1u8, 2u8, 3u8, 4u8, 5u8, 6u8, 7u8, 8u8, 9u8, 10u8, 11u8, 12u8].into()
+            ))?,
+            JsonValue::Array(vec![
+                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(3.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(4.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(5.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(6.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(7.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(8.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(9.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(10.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(11.into()),
+                JsonValue::Number(12.into()),
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str(
+                "936DA01F-9ABD-4D9D-80C7-02AF85C822A8"
+            )?))?,
+            JsonValue::String("936da01f-9abd-4d9d-80c7-02af85c822a8".into())
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_record() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer = Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), inner_value1), ("b".into(), inner_value2)]);
+        outer
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record definition defined in one field must be available in other field");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_array() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"Inner"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), Value::Array(vec![inner_value1])),
+            (
+                "b".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        outer_value
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record defined in array definition must be resolvable from map");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_map() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"Inner"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), inner_value1),
+            (
+                "b".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+        ]);
+        outer_value
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record defined in record field must be resolvable from map field");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_record_wrapper() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "InnerWrapper",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"j",
+                            "type":"Inner"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "j".into(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]),
+        )]);
+        let outer_value =
+            Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), inner_value1), ("b".into(), inner_value2)]);
+        outer_value.resolve(&schema).expect("Record schema defined in field must be resolvable in Record schema defined in other field");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_map_and_array() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values": {
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "fields": [ {
+                                "name":"z",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            }]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"Inner"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer_value = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "a".into(),
+                Value::Map(vec![("akey".into(), inner_value2)].into_iter().collect()),
+            ),
+            ("b".into(), Value::Array(vec![inner_value1])),
+        ]);
+        outer_value
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record defined in map definition must be resolvable from array");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3433_recursive_resolves_union() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":["null", {
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value2 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(6))]);
+        let outer1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), inner_value1),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value2.clone()),
+        ]);
+        outer1
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record definition defined in union must be resolved in other field");
+        let outer2 = Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), Value::Null), ("b".into(), inner_value2)]);
+        outer2
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Record definition defined in union must be resolved in other field");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3461_test_multi_level_resolve_outer_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "space.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        outer_record_variation_1
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_2
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_3
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3461_test_multi_level_resolve_middle_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "middle_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        outer_record_variation_1
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_2
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_3
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3461_test_multi_level_resolve_inner_namespace() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+          "name": "record_name",
+          "namespace": "space",
+          "type": "record",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "outer_field_1",
+              "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "middle_record_name",
+                            "namespace":"middle_namespace",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"middle_field_1",
+                                    "type":[
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type":"record",
+                                            "name":"inner_record_name",
+                                            "namespace":"inner_namespace",
+                                            "fields":[
+                                                {
+                                                    "name":"inner_field_1",
+                                                    "type":"double"
+                                                }
+                                            ]
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "outer_field_2",
+                "type" : "inner_namespace.inner_record_name"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+
+        let inner_record = Value::Record(vec![("inner_field_1".into(), Value::Double(5.4))]);
+        let middle_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+        )]);
+        let middle_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![(
+            "middle_field_1".into(),
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(inner_record.clone())),
+        )]);
+        let outer_record_variation_1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_1)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record.clone()),
+        ]);
+        let outer_record_variation_3 = Value::Record(vec![
+            (
+                "outer_field_1".into(),
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(middle_record_variation_2)),
+            ),
+            ("outer_field_2".into(), inner_record),
+        ]);
+
+        outer_record_variation_1
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_2
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+        outer_record_variation_3
+            .resolve(&schema)
+            .expect("Should be able to resolve value to the schema that is it's definition");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3460_validation_with_refs() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let inner_value_right = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Int(3))]);
+        let inner_value_wrong1 = Value::Record(vec![("z".into(), Value::Null)]);
+        let inner_value_wrong2 = Value::Record(vec![("a".into(), Value::String("testing".into()))]);
+        let outer1 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), inner_value_right.clone()),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value_wrong1),
+        ]);
+
+        let outer2 = Value::Record(vec![
+            ("a".into(), inner_value_right),
+            ("b".into(), inner_value_wrong2),
+        ]);
+
+        assert!(
+            !outer1.validate(&schema),
+            "field b record is invalid against the schema"
+        ); // this should pass, but doesn't
+        assert!(
+            !outer2.validate(&schema),
+            "field b record is invalid against the schema"
+        ); // this should pass, but doesn't
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3460_validation_with_refs_real_struct() -> TestResult {
+        use crate::ser::Serializer;
+        use serde::Serialize;
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Clone)]
+        struct TestInner {
+            z: i32,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct TestRefSchemaStruct1 {
+            a: TestInner,
+            b: String, // could be literally anything
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct TestRefSchemaStruct2 {
+            a: TestInner,
+            b: i32, // could be literally anything
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct TestRefSchemaStruct3 {
+            a: TestInner,
+            b: Option<TestInner>, // could be literally anything
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestStruct",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name": "Inner",
+                        "fields": [ {
+                            "name":"z",
+                            "type":"int"
+                        }]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"Inner"
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        )?;
+
+        let test_inner = TestInner { z: 3 };
+        let test_outer1 = TestRefSchemaStruct1 {
+            a: test_inner.clone(),
+            b: "testing".into(),
+        };
+        let test_outer2 = TestRefSchemaStruct2 {
+            a: test_inner.clone(),
+            b: 24,
+        };
+        let test_outer3 = TestRefSchemaStruct3 {
+            a: test_inner,
+            b: None,
+        };
+
+        let mut ser = Serializer::default();
+        let test_outer1: Value = test_outer1.serialize(&mut ser)?;
+        let mut ser = Serializer::default();
+        let test_outer2: Value = test_outer2.serialize(&mut ser)?;
+        let mut ser = Serializer::default();
+        let test_outer3: Value = test_outer3.serialize(&mut ser)?;
+
+        assert!(
+            !test_outer1.validate(&schema),
+            "field b record is invalid against the schema"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !test_outer2.validate(&schema),
+            "field b record is invalid against the schema"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !test_outer3.validate(&schema),
+            "field b record is invalid against the schema"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn avro_3674_with_or_without_namespace(with_namespace: bool) -> TestResult {
+        use crate::ser::Serializer;
+        use serde::Serialize;
+
+        let schema_str = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "NamespacedMessage",
+            [NAMESPACE]
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "field_a",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "enum_a",
+                            "type": {
+                                "type": "enum",
+                                "name": "EnumType",
+                                "symbols": [
+                                    "SYMBOL_1",
+                                    "SYMBOL_2"
+                                ],
+                                "default": "SYMBOL_1"
+                            }
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "name": "enum_b",
+                            "type": "EnumType"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+        let schema_str = schema_str.replace(
+            "[NAMESPACE]",
+            if with_namespace {
+                r#""namespace": "com.domain","#
+            } else {
+                ""
+            },
+        );
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(&schema_str)?;
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        enum EnumType {
+            #[serde(rename = "SYMBOL_1")]
+            Symbol1,
+            #[serde(rename = "SYMBOL_2")]
+            Symbol2,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct FieldA {
+            enum_a: EnumType,
+            enum_b: EnumType,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct NamespacedMessage {
+            field_a: FieldA,
+        }
+
+        let msg = NamespacedMessage {
+            field_a: FieldA {
+                enum_a: EnumType::Symbol2,
+                enum_b: EnumType::Symbol1,
+            },
+        };
+
+        let mut ser = Serializer::default();
+        let test_value: Value = msg.serialize(&mut ser)?;
+        assert!(test_value.validate(&schema), "test_value should validate");
+        assert!(
+            test_value.resolve(&schema).is_ok(),
+            "test_value should resolve"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3674_validate_no_namespace_resolution() -> TestResult {
+        avro_3674_with_or_without_namespace(false)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3674_validate_with_namespace_resolution() -> TestResult {
+        avro_3674_with_or_without_namespace(true)
+    }
+
+    fn avro_3688_schema_resolution_panic(set_field_b: bool) -> TestResult {
+        use crate::ser::Serializer;
+        use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+        let schema_str = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Message",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "field_a",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "name": "Inner",
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "inner_a",
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "default": null
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "field_b",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        "Inner"
+                    ],
+                    "default": null
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+        struct Inner {
+            inner_a: String,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+        struct Message {
+            field_a: Option<Inner>,
+            field_b: Option<Inner>,
+        }
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+
+        let msg = Message {
+            field_a: Some(Inner {
+                inner_a: "foo".to_string(),
+            }),
+            field_b: if set_field_b {
+                Some(Inner {
+                    inner_a: "bar".to_string(),
+                })
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+        };
+
+        let mut ser = Serializer::default();
+        let test_value: Value = msg.serialize(&mut ser)?;
+        assert!(test_value.validate(&schema), "test_value should validate");
+        assert!(
+            test_value.resolve(&schema).is_ok(),
+            "test_value should resolve"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3688_field_b_not_set() -> TestResult {
+        avro_3688_schema_resolution_panic(false)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3688_field_b_set() -> TestResult {
+        avro_3688_schema_resolution_panic(true)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3764_use_resolve_schemata() -> TestResult {
+        let referenced_schema =
+            r#"{"name": "enumForReference", "type": "enum", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#;
+        let main_schema = r#"{"name": "recordWithReference", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "reference", "type": "enumForReference"}]}"#;
+
+        let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "reference": "A"
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let avro_value = Value::from(value);
+
+        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&[main_schema, referenced_schema])?;
+
+        let main_schema = schemas.first().unwrap();
+        let schemata: Vec<_> = schemas.iter().skip(1).collect();
+
+        let resolve_result = avro_value.clone().resolve_schemata(main_schema, schemata);
+
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result.is_ok(),
+            "result of resolving with schemata should be ok, got: {:?}",
+            resolve_result
+        );
+
+        let resolve_result = avro_value.resolve(main_schema);
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result.is_err(),
+            "result of resolving without schemata should be err, got: {:?}",
+            resolve_result
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3767_union_resolve_complex_refs() -> TestResult {
+        let referenced_enum =
+            r#"{"name": "enumForReference", "type": "enum", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#;
+        let referenced_record = r#"{"name": "recordForReference", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "refInRecord", "type": "enumForReference"}]}"#;
+        let main_schema = r#"{"name": "recordWithReference", "type": "record", "fields": [{"name": "reference", "type": ["null", "recordForReference"]}]}"#;
+
+        let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"
+            {
+                "reference": {
+                    "refInRecord": "A"
+                }
+            }
+        "#,
+        )?;
+
+        let avro_value = Value::from(value);
+
+        let schemata = Schema::parse_list(&[referenced_enum, referenced_record, main_schema])?;
+
+        let main_schema = schemata.last().unwrap();
+        let other_schemata: Vec<&Schema> = schemata.iter().take(2).collect();
+
+        let resolve_result = avro_value.resolve_schemata(main_schema, other_schemata);
+
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result.is_ok(),
+            "result of resolving with schemata should be ok, got: {:?}",
+            resolve_result
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result?.validate_schemata(schemata.iter().collect()),
+            "result of validation with schemata should be true"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3782_incorrect_decimal_resolving() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = r#"{"name": "decimalSchema", "logicalType": "decimal", "type": "fixed", "precision": 8, "scale": 0, "size": 8}"#;
+
+        let avro_value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(
+            BigInt::from(12345678u32).to_signed_bytes_be(),
+        ));
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let resolve_result = avro_value.resolve(&schema);
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result.is_ok(),
+            "resolve result must be ok, got: {resolve_result:?}"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3779_bigdecimal_resolving() -> TestResult {
+        let schema =
+            r#"{"name": "bigDecimalSchema", "logicalType": "big-decimal", "type": "bytes" }"#;
+
+        let avro_value = Value::BigDecimal(BigDecimal::from(12345678u32));
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema)?;
+        let resolve_result: AvroResult<Value> = avro_value.resolve(&schema);
+        assert!(
+            resolve_result.is_ok(),
+            "resolve result must be ok, got: {resolve_result:?}"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3892_resolve_fixed_from_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let value = Value::Bytes(vec![97, 98, 99]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            value.resolve(&Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                name: "test".into(),
+                aliases: None,
+                doc: None,
+                size: 3,
+                default: None,
+                attributes: Default::default()
+            }))?,
+            Value::Fixed(3, vec![97, 98, 99])
+        );
+
+        let value = Value::Bytes(vec![97, 99]);
+        assert!(value
+            .resolve(&Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                name: "test".into(),
+                aliases: None,
+                doc: None,
+                size: 3,
+                default: None,
+                attributes: Default::default()
+            }))
+            .is_err(),);
+
+        let value = Value::Bytes(vec![97, 98, 99, 100]);
+        assert!(value
+            .resolve(&Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+                name: "test".into(),
+                aliases: None,
+                doc: None,
+                size: 3,
+                default: None,
+                attributes: Default::default()
+            }))
+            .is_err(),);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3928_from_serde_value_to_types_value() {
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(serde_json::Value::Null), Value::Null);
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(true)), Value::Boolean(true));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(false)), Value::Boolean(false));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(0)), Value::Int(0));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(i32::MIN)), Value::Int(i32::MIN));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(i32::MAX)), Value::Int(i32::MAX));
+        assert_eq!(
+            Value::from(json!(i32::MIN as i64 - 1)),
+            Value::Long(i32::MIN as i64 - 1)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Value::from(json!(i32::MAX as i64 + 1)),
+            Value::Long(i32::MAX as i64 + 1)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(1.23)), Value::Double(1.23));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(-1.23)), Value::Double(-1.23));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(u64::MIN)), Value::Int(u64::MIN as i32));
+        assert_eq!(Value::from(json!(u64::MAX)), Value::Long(u64::MAX as i64));
+        assert_eq!(
+            Value::from(json!("some text")),
+            Value::String("some text".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Value::from(json!(["text1", "text2", "text3"])),
+            Value::Array(vec![
+                Value::String("text1".into()),
+                Value::String("text2".into()),
+                Value::String("text3".into())
+            ])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Value::from(json!({"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"})),
+            Value::Map(
+                vec![
+                    ("key1".into(), Value::String("value1".into())),
+                    ("key2".into(), Value::String("value2".into()))
+                ]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/util.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/util.rs
similarity index 61%
rename from lang/rust/src/util.rs
rename to lang/rust/avro/src/util.rs
index f9daf285998..869ea15668f 100644
--- a/lang/rust/src/util.rs
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/util.rs
@@ -15,17 +15,31 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use crate::{AvroResult, Error};
+use crate::{schema::Documentation, AvroResult, Error};
 use serde_json::{Map, Value};
-use std::{convert::TryFrom, i64, io::Read, sync::Once};
+use std::{
+    io::Read,
+    sync::{
+        atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
+        Once,
+    },
+};
 
 /// Maximum number of bytes that can be allocated when decoding
 /// Avro-encoded values. This is a protection against ill-formed
-/// data, whose length field might be interpreted as enourmous.
+/// data, whose length field might be interpreted as enormous.
 /// See max_allocation_bytes to change this limit.
-pub static mut MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES: usize = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+pub const DEFAULT_MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES: usize = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+static MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(DEFAULT_MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES);
 static MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES_ONCE: Once = Once::new();
 
+/// Whether to set serialization & deserialization traits
+/// as `human_readable` or not.
+/// See [set_serde_human_readable] to change this value.
+// crate-visible for testing
+pub(crate) static SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(true);
+static SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE_ONCE: Once = Once::new();
+
 pub trait MapHelper {
     fn string(&self, key: &str) -> Option<String>;
 
@@ -33,9 +47,11 @@ pub trait MapHelper {
         self.string("name")
     }
 
-    fn doc(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    fn doc(&self) -> Documentation {
         self.string("doc")
     }
+
+    fn aliases(&self) -> Option<Vec<String>>;
 }
 
 impl MapHelper for Map<String, Value> {
@@ -44,6 +60,19 @@ impl MapHelper for Map<String, Value> {
             .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
             .map(|v| v.to_string())
     }
+
+    fn aliases(&self) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        // FIXME no warning when aliases aren't a json array of json strings
+        self.get("aliases")
+            .and_then(|aliases| aliases.as_array())
+            .and_then(|aliases| {
+                aliases
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|alias| alias.as_str())
+                    .map(|alias| alias.map(|a| a.to_string()))
+                    .collect::<Option<_>>()
+            })
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn read_long<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<i64> {
@@ -116,16 +145,14 @@ fn decode_variable<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<u64> {
 /// to set the limit either when calling this method, or when decoding for
 /// the first time.
 pub fn max_allocation_bytes(num_bytes: usize) -> usize {
-    unsafe {
-        MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES_ONCE.call_once(|| {
-            MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES = num_bytes;
-        });
-        MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES
-    }
+    MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES_ONCE.call_once(|| {
+        MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES.store(num_bytes, Ordering::Release);
+    });
+    MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES.load(Ordering::Acquire)
 }
 
 pub fn safe_len(len: usize) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-    let max_bytes = max_allocation_bytes(512 * 1024 * 1024);
+    let max_bytes = max_allocation_bytes(DEFAULT_MAX_ALLOCATION_BYTES);
 
     if len <= max_bytes {
         Ok(len)
@@ -137,9 +164,29 @@ pub fn safe_len(len: usize) -> AvroResult<usize> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Set whether serializing/deserializing is marked as human readable in serde traits.
+/// This will adjust the return value of `is_human_readable()` for both.
+/// Once called, the value cannot be changed.
+///
+/// **NOTE** This function must be called before serializing/deserializing **any** data. The
+/// library leverages [`std::sync::Once`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Once.html)
+/// to set the limit either when calling this method, or when decoding for
+/// the first time.
+pub fn set_serde_human_readable(human_readable: bool) {
+    SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE_ONCE.call_once(|| {
+        SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.store(human_readable, Ordering::Release);
+    });
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn is_human_readable() -> bool {
+    SERDE_HUMAN_READABLE.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_zigzag() {
@@ -153,19 +200,40 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_zig_i64() {
         let mut s = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(std::i32::MAX as i64, &mut s);
+
+        zig_i64(0, &mut s);
+        assert_eq!(s, [0]);
+
+        s.clear();
+        zig_i64(-1, &mut s);
+        assert_eq!(s, [1]);
+
+        s.clear();
+        zig_i64(1, &mut s);
+        assert_eq!(s, [2]);
+
+        s.clear();
+        zig_i64(-64, &mut s);
+        assert_eq!(s, [127]);
+
+        s.clear();
+        zig_i64(64, &mut s);
+        assert_eq!(s, [128, 1]);
+
+        s.clear();
+        zig_i64(i32::MAX as i64, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [254, 255, 255, 255, 15]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i64(std::i32::MAX as i64 + 1, &mut s);
+        zig_i64(i32::MAX as i64 + 1, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [128, 128, 128, 128, 16]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i64(std::i32::MIN as i64, &mut s);
+        zig_i64(i32::MIN as i64, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [255, 255, 255, 255, 15]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i64(std::i32::MIN as i64 - 1, &mut s);
+        zig_i64(i32::MIN as i64 - 1, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [129, 128, 128, 128, 16]);
 
         s.clear();
@@ -180,27 +248,27 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_zig_i32() {
         let mut s = Vec::new();
-        zig_i32(std::i32::MAX / 2, &mut s);
+        zig_i32(i32::MAX / 2, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [254, 255, 255, 255, 7]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i32(std::i32::MIN / 2, &mut s);
+        zig_i32(i32::MIN / 2, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [255, 255, 255, 255, 7]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i32(-(std::i32::MIN / 2), &mut s);
+        zig_i32(-(i32::MIN / 2), &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [128, 128, 128, 128, 8]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i32(std::i32::MIN / 2 - 1, &mut s);
+        zig_i32(i32::MIN / 2 - 1, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [129, 128, 128, 128, 8]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i32(std::i32::MAX, &mut s);
+        zig_i32(i32::MAX, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [254, 255, 255, 255, 15]);
 
         s.clear();
-        zig_i32(std::i32::MIN, &mut s);
+        zig_i32(i32::MIN, &mut s);
         assert_eq!(s, [255, 255, 255, 255, 15]);
     }
 
@@ -211,8 +279,10 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_safe_len() {
-        assert_eq!(42usize, safe_len(42usize).unwrap());
+    fn test_safe_len() -> TestResult {
+        assert_eq!(42usize, safe_len(42usize)?);
         assert!(safe_len(1024 * 1024 * 1024).is_err());
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/validator.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/validator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b4967d7f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/validator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::{schema::Namespace, AvroResult, Error};
+use regex_lite::Regex;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+/// A validator that validates names and namespaces according to the Avro specification.
+struct SpecificationValidator;
+
+/// A trait that validates schema names.
+/// To register a custom one use [set_schema_name_validator].
+pub trait SchemaNameValidator: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the regex used to validate the schema name
+    /// according to the Avro specification.
+    fn regex(&self) -> &'static Regex {
+        static SCHEMA_NAME_ONCE: OnceLock<Regex> = OnceLock::new();
+        SCHEMA_NAME_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+            Regex::new(
+                // An optional namespace (with optional dots) followed by a name without any dots in it.
+                r"^((?P<namespace>([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(\.[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)*)?)\.)?(?P<name>[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)$",
+            )
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Validates the schema name and returns the name and the optional namespace,
+    /// or [Error::InvalidSchemaName] if it is invalid.
+    fn validate(&self, schema_name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)>;
+}
+
+impl SchemaNameValidator for SpecificationValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, schema_name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+        let regex = SchemaNameValidator::regex(self);
+        let caps = regex
+            .captures(schema_name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::InvalidSchemaName(schema_name.to_string(), regex.as_str()))?;
+        Ok((
+            caps["name"].to_string(),
+            caps.name("namespace").map(|s| s.as_str().to_string()),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+static NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE: OnceLock<Box<dyn SchemaNameValidator + Send + Sync>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Sets a custom schema name validator.
+///
+/// Returns a unit if the registration was successful or the already
+/// registered validator if the registration failed.
+///
+/// **Note**: This function must be called before parsing any schema because this will
+/// register the default validator and the registration is one time only!
+pub fn set_schema_name_validator(
+    validator: Box<dyn SchemaNameValidator + Send + Sync>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn SchemaNameValidator + Send + Sync>> {
+    debug!("Setting a custom schema name validator.");
+    NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE.set(validator)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_schema_name(schema_name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+    NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            debug!("Going to use the default name validator.");
+            Box::new(SpecificationValidator)
+        })
+        .validate(schema_name)
+}
+
+/// A trait that validates schema namespaces.
+/// To register a custom one use [set_schema_namespace_validator].
+pub trait SchemaNamespaceValidator: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the regex used to validate the schema namespace
+    /// according to the Avro specification.
+    fn regex(&self) -> &'static Regex {
+        static NAMESPACE_ONCE: OnceLock<Regex> = OnceLock::new();
+        NAMESPACE_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+            Regex::new(r"^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(\.[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)*)?$").unwrap()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Validates the schema namespace or [Error::InvalidNamespace] if it is invalid.
+    fn validate(&self, namespace: &str) -> AvroResult<()>;
+}
+
+impl SchemaNamespaceValidator for SpecificationValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, ns: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        let regex = SchemaNamespaceValidator::regex(self);
+        if !regex.is_match(ns) {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidNamespace(ns.to_string(), regex.as_str()));
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static NAMESPACE_VALIDATOR_ONCE: OnceLock<Box<dyn SchemaNamespaceValidator + Send + Sync>> =
+    OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Sets a custom schema namespace validator.
+///
+/// Returns a unit if the registration was successful or the already
+/// registered validator if the registration failed.
+///
+/// **Note**: This function must be called before parsing any schema because this will
+/// register the default validator and the registration is one time only!
+pub fn set_schema_namespace_validator(
+    validator: Box<dyn SchemaNamespaceValidator + Send + Sync>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn SchemaNamespaceValidator + Send + Sync>> {
+    NAMESPACE_VALIDATOR_ONCE.set(validator)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_namespace(ns: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    NAMESPACE_VALIDATOR_ONCE
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            debug!("Going to use the default namespace validator.");
+            Box::new(SpecificationValidator)
+        })
+        .validate(ns)
+}
+
+/// A trait that validates enum symbol names.
+/// To register a custom one use [set_enum_symbol_name_validator].
+pub trait EnumSymbolNameValidator: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the regex used to validate the symbols of enum schema
+    /// according to the Avro specification.
+    fn regex(&self) -> &'static Regex {
+        static ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME_ONCE: OnceLock<Regex> = OnceLock::new();
+        ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME_ONCE.get_or_init(|| Regex::new(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$").unwrap())
+    }
+
+    /// Validates the symbols of an Enum schema name and returns nothing (unit),
+    /// or [Error::EnumSymbolName] if it is invalid.
+    fn validate(&self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<()>;
+}
+
+impl EnumSymbolNameValidator for SpecificationValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, symbol: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        let regex = EnumSymbolNameValidator::regex(self);
+        if !regex.is_match(symbol) {
+            return Err(Error::EnumSymbolName(symbol.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+static ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE: OnceLock<Box<dyn EnumSymbolNameValidator + Send + Sync>> =
+    OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Sets a custom enum symbol name validator.
+///
+/// Returns a unit if the registration was successful or the already
+/// registered validator if the registration failed.
+///
+/// **Note**: This function must be called before parsing any schema because this will
+/// register the default validator and the registration is one time only!
+pub fn set_enum_symbol_name_validator(
+    validator: Box<dyn EnumSymbolNameValidator + Send + Sync>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn EnumSymbolNameValidator + Send + Sync>> {
+    ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE.set(validator)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_enum_symbol_name(symbol: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            debug!("Going to use the default enum symbol name validator.");
+            Box::new(SpecificationValidator)
+        })
+        .validate(symbol)
+}
+
+/// A trait that validates record field names.
+/// To register a custom one use [set_record_field_name_validator].
+pub trait RecordFieldNameValidator: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the regex used to validate the record field names
+    /// according to the Avro specification.
+    fn regex(&self) -> &'static Regex {
+        static FIELD_NAME_ONCE: OnceLock<Regex> = OnceLock::new();
+        FIELD_NAME_ONCE.get_or_init(|| Regex::new(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$").unwrap())
+    }
+
+    /// Validates the record field's names and returns nothing (unit),
+    /// or [Error::FieldName] if it is invalid.
+    fn validate(&self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<()>;
+}
+
+impl RecordFieldNameValidator for SpecificationValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, field_name: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        let regex = RecordFieldNameValidator::regex(self);
+        if !regex.is_match(field_name) {
+            return Err(Error::FieldName(field_name.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+static RECORD_FIELD_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE: OnceLock<Box<dyn RecordFieldNameValidator + Send + Sync>> =
+    OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Sets a custom record field name validator.
+///
+/// Returns a unit if the registration was successful or the already
+/// registered validator if the registration failed.
+///
+/// **Note**: This function must be called before parsing any schema because this will
+/// register the default validator and the registration is one time only!
+pub fn set_record_field_name_validator(
+    validator: Box<dyn RecordFieldNameValidator + Send + Sync>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn RecordFieldNameValidator + Send + Sync>> {
+    RECORD_FIELD_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE.set(validator)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn validate_record_field_name(field_name: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    RECORD_FIELD_NAME_VALIDATOR_ONCE
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            debug!("Going to use the default record field name validator.");
+            Box::new(SpecificationValidator)
+        })
+        .validate(field_name)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::schema::Name;
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_name_validator_with_valid_ns() -> TestResult {
+        validate_schema_name("example")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_name_validator_with_invalid_ns() -> TestResult {
+        assert!(validate_schema_name("com-example").is_err());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3897_disallow_invalid_namespaces_in_fully_qualified_name() -> TestResult {
+        let full_name = "ns.0.record1";
+        let name = Name::new(full_name);
+        assert!(name.is_err());
+        let validator = SpecificationValidator;
+        let expected = Error::InvalidSchemaName(
+            full_name.to_string(),
+            SchemaNameValidator::regex(&validator).as_str(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let err = name.map_err(|e| e.to_string()).err().unwrap();
+        pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(expected, err);
+
+        let full_name = "ns..record1";
+        let name = Name::new(full_name);
+        assert!(name.is_err());
+        let expected = Error::InvalidSchemaName(
+            full_name.to_string(),
+            SchemaNameValidator::regex(&validator).as_str(),
+        )
+        .to_string();
+        let err = name.map_err(|e| e.to_string()).err().unwrap();
+        pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(expected, err);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_namespace_validator_with_valid_ns() -> TestResult {
+        validate_namespace("com.example")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_namespace_validator_with_invalid_ns() -> TestResult {
+        assert!(validate_namespace("com-example").is_err());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_enum_symbol_validator_with_valid_symbol_name() -> TestResult {
+        validate_enum_symbol_name("spades")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_enum_symbol_validator_with_invalid_symbol_name() -> TestResult {
+        assert!(validate_enum_symbol_name("com-example").is_err());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_record_field_validator_with_valid_name() -> TestResult {
+        validate_record_field_name("test")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3900_default_record_field_validator_with_invalid_name() -> TestResult {
+        assert!(validate_record_field_name("com-example").is_err());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/src/writer.rs b/lang/rust/avro/src/writer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02938d694fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/src/writer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1423 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Logic handling writing in Avro format at user level.
+use crate::{
+    encode::{encode, encode_internal, encode_to_vec},
+    rabin::Rabin,
+    schema::{AvroSchema, ResolvedOwnedSchema, ResolvedSchema, Schema},
+    ser::Serializer,
+    types::Value,
+    AvroResult, Codec, Error,
+};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, io::Write, marker::PhantomData};
+
+const DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 16000;
+const AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER: &[u8] = b"Obj\x01";
+
+/// Main interface for writing Avro formatted values.
+#[derive(typed_builder::TypedBuilder)]
+pub struct Writer<'a, W> {
+    schema: &'a Schema,
+    writer: W,
+    #[builder(default, setter(skip))]
+    resolved_schema: Option<ResolvedSchema<'a>>,
+    #[builder(default = Codec::Null)]
+    codec: Codec,
+    #[builder(default = DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE)]
+    block_size: usize,
+    #[builder(default = Vec::with_capacity(block_size), setter(skip))]
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+    #[builder(default, setter(skip))]
+    serializer: Serializer,
+    #[builder(default = 0, setter(skip))]
+    num_values: usize,
+    #[builder(default = generate_sync_marker())]
+    marker: [u8; 16],
+    #[builder(default = false, setter(skip))]
+    has_header: bool,
+    #[builder(default)]
+    user_metadata: HashMap<String, Value>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, W: Write> Writer<'a, W> {
+    /// Creates a `Writer` given a `Schema` and something implementing the `io::Write` trait to write
+    /// to.
+    /// No compression `Codec` will be used.
+    pub fn new(schema: &'a Schema, writer: W) -> Self {
+        Writer::with_codec(schema, writer, Codec::Null)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Writer` with a specific `Codec` given a `Schema` and something implementing the
+    /// `io::Write` trait to write to.
+    pub fn with_codec(schema: &'a Schema, writer: W, codec: Codec) -> Self {
+        let mut w = Self::builder()
+            .schema(schema)
+            .writer(writer)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .build();
+        w.resolved_schema = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schema).ok();
+        w
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Writer` with a specific `Codec` given a `Schema` and something implementing the
+    /// `io::Write` trait to write to.
+    /// If the `schema` is incomplete, i.e. contains `Schema::Ref`s then all dependencies must
+    /// be provided in `schemata`.
+    pub fn with_schemata(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        schemata: Vec<&'a Schema>,
+        writer: W,
+        codec: Codec,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut w = Self::builder()
+            .schema(schema)
+            .writer(writer)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .build();
+        w.resolved_schema = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata).ok();
+        w
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Writer` that will append values to already populated
+    /// `std::io::Write` using the provided `marker`
+    /// No compression `Codec` will be used.
+    pub fn append_to(schema: &'a Schema, writer: W, marker: [u8; 16]) -> Self {
+        Writer::append_to_with_codec(schema, writer, Codec::Null, marker)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Writer` that will append values to already populated
+    /// `std::io::Write` using the provided `marker`
+    pub fn append_to_with_codec(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        writer: W,
+        codec: Codec,
+        marker: [u8; 16],
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut w = Self::builder()
+            .schema(schema)
+            .writer(writer)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .marker(marker)
+            .build();
+        w.has_header = true;
+        w.resolved_schema = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schema).ok();
+        w
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Writer` that will append values to already populated
+    /// `std::io::Write` using the provided `marker`
+    pub fn append_to_with_codec_schemata(
+        schema: &'a Schema,
+        schemata: Vec<&'a Schema>,
+        writer: W,
+        codec: Codec,
+        marker: [u8; 16],
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut w = Self::builder()
+            .schema(schema)
+            .writer(writer)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .marker(marker)
+            .build();
+        w.has_header = true;
+        w.resolved_schema = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata).ok();
+        w
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the `Schema` associated to a `Writer`.
+    pub fn schema(&self) -> &'a Schema {
+        self.schema
+    }
+
+    /// Append a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) to a `Writer`, also performing
+    /// schema validation.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written (it might be 0, see below).
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
+    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
+    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
+    pub fn append<T: Into<Value>>(&mut self, value: T) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let n = self.maybe_write_header()?;
+
+        let avro = value.into();
+        self.append_value_ref(&avro).map(|m| m + n)
+    }
+
+    /// Append a compatible value to a `Writer`, also performing schema validation.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written (it might be 0, see below).
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
+    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
+    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
+    pub fn append_value_ref(&mut self, value: &Value) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let n = self.maybe_write_header()?;
+
+        // Lazy init for users using the builder pattern with error throwing
+        match self.resolved_schema {
+            Some(ref rs) => {
+                write_value_ref_resolved(self.schema, rs, value, &mut self.buffer)?;
+                self.num_values += 1;
+
+                if self.buffer.len() >= self.block_size {
+                    return self.flush().map(|b| b + n);
+                }
+
+                Ok(n)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(self.schema)?;
+                self.resolved_schema = Some(rs);
+                self.append_value_ref(value)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Append anything implementing the `Serialize` trait to a `Writer` for
+    /// [`serde`](https://docs.serde.rs/serde/index.html) compatibility, also performing schema
+    /// validation.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
+    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
+    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
+    pub fn append_ser<S: Serialize>(&mut self, value: S) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let avro_value = value.serialize(&mut self.serializer)?;
+        self.append(avro_value)
+    }
+
+    /// Extend a `Writer` with an `Iterator` of compatible values (implementing the `ToAvro`
+    /// trait), also performing schema validation.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
+    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
+    pub fn extend<I, T: Into<Value>>(&mut self, values: I) -> AvroResult<usize>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+    {
+        /*
+        https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811 :(
+        let mut stream = values
+            .filter_map(|value| value.serialize(&mut self.serializer).ok())
+            .map(|value| value.encode(self.schema))
+            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
+            .ok_or_else(|| err_msg("value does not match given schema"))?
+            .into_iter()
+            .fold(Vec::new(), |mut acc, stream| {
+                num_values += 1;
+                acc.extend(stream); acc
+            });
+        */
+
+        let mut num_bytes = 0;
+        for value in values {
+            num_bytes += self.append(value)?;
+        }
+        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
+
+        Ok(num_bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Extend a `Writer` with an `Iterator` of anything implementing the `Serialize` trait for
+    /// [`serde`](https://docs.serde.rs/serde/index.html) compatibility, also performing schema
+    /// validation.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
+    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
+    pub fn extend_ser<I, T: Serialize>(&mut self, values: I) -> AvroResult<usize>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+    {
+        /*
+        https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811 :(
+        let mut stream = values
+            .filter_map(|value| value.serialize(&mut self.serializer).ok())
+            .map(|value| value.encode(self.schema))
+            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
+            .ok_or_else(|| err_msg("value does not match given schema"))?
+            .into_iter()
+            .fold(Vec::new(), |mut acc, stream| {
+                num_values += 1;
+                acc.extend(stream); acc
+            });
+        */
+
+        let mut num_bytes = 0;
+        for value in values {
+            num_bytes += self.append_ser(value)?;
+        }
+        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
+
+        Ok(num_bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Extend a `Writer` by appending each `Value` from a slice, while also performing schema
+    /// validation on each value appended.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
+    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
+    pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, values: &[Value]) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let mut num_bytes = 0;
+        for value in values {
+            num_bytes += self.append_value_ref(value)?;
+        }
+        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
+
+        Ok(num_bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Flush the content appended to a `Writer`. Call this function to make sure all the content
+    /// has been written before releasing the `Writer`.
+    ///
+    /// Return the number of bytes written.
+    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        if self.num_values == 0 {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+
+        self.codec.compress(&mut self.buffer)?;
+
+        let num_values = self.num_values;
+        let stream_len = self.buffer.len();
+
+        let num_bytes = self.append_raw(&num_values.into(), &Schema::Long)?
+            + self.append_raw(&stream_len.into(), &Schema::Long)?
+            + self
+                .writer
+                .write(self.buffer.as_ref())
+                .map_err(Error::WriteBytes)?
+            + self.append_marker()?;
+
+        self.buffer.clear();
+        self.num_values = 0;
+
+        Ok(num_bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Return what the `Writer` is writing to, consuming the `Writer` itself.
+    ///
+    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
+    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
+    pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> AvroResult<W> {
+        self.maybe_write_header()?;
+        self.flush()?;
+        Ok(self.writer)
+    }
+
+    /// Generate and append synchronization marker to the payload.
+    fn append_marker(&mut self) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        // using .writer.write directly to avoid mutable borrow of self
+        // with ref borrowing of self.marker
+        self.writer.write(&self.marker).map_err(Error::WriteMarker)
+    }
+
+    /// Append a raw Avro Value to the payload avoiding to encode it again.
+    fn append_raw(&mut self, value: &Value, schema: &Schema) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        self.append_bytes(encode_to_vec(value, schema)?.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// Append pure bytes to the payload.
+    fn append_bytes(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        self.writer.write(bytes).map_err(Error::WriteBytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Adds custom metadata to the file.
+    /// This method could be used only before adding the first record to the writer.
+    pub fn add_user_metadata<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, key: String, value: T) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        if !self.has_header {
+            if key.starts_with("avro.") {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidMetadataKey(key));
+            }
+            self.user_metadata
+                .insert(key, Value::Bytes(value.as_ref().to_vec()));
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::FileHeaderAlreadyWritten)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an Avro header based on schema, codec and sync marker.
+    fn header(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+        let schema_bytes = serde_json::to_string(self.schema)
+            .map_err(Error::ConvertJsonToString)?
+            .into_bytes();
+
+        let mut metadata = HashMap::with_capacity(2);
+        metadata.insert("avro.schema", Value::Bytes(schema_bytes));
+        metadata.insert("avro.codec", self.codec.into());
+
+        for (k, v) in &self.user_metadata {
+            metadata.insert(k.as_str(), v.clone());
+        }
+
+        let mut header = Vec::new();
+        header.extend_from_slice(AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        encode(&metadata.into(), &Schema::map(Schema::Bytes), &mut header)?;
+        header.extend_from_slice(&self.marker);
+
+        Ok(header)
+    }
+
+    fn maybe_write_header(&mut self) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        if !self.has_header {
+            let header = self.header()?;
+            let n = self.append_bytes(header.as_ref())?;
+            self.has_header = true;
+            Ok(n)
+        } else {
+            Ok(0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Encode a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) into Avro format, also performing
+/// schema validation.
+///
+/// This is an internal function which gets the bytes buffer where to write as parameter instead of
+/// creating a new one like `to_avro_datum`.
+fn write_avro_datum<T: Into<Value>>(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    value: T,
+    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let avro = value.into();
+    if !avro.validate(schema) {
+        return Err(Error::Validation);
+    }
+    encode(&avro, schema, buffer)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn write_avro_datum_schemata<T: Into<Value>>(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    schemata: Vec<&Schema>,
+    value: T,
+    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let avro = value.into();
+    let rs = ResolvedSchema::try_from(schemata)?;
+    let names = rs.get_names();
+    let enclosing_namespace = schema.namespace();
+    if let Some(_err) = avro.validate_internal(schema, names, &enclosing_namespace) {
+        return Err(Error::Validation);
+    }
+    encode_internal(&avro, schema, names, &enclosing_namespace, buffer)
+}
+
+/// Writer that encodes messages according to the single object encoding v1 spec
+/// Uses an API similar to the current File Writer
+/// Writes all object bytes at once, and drains internal buffer
+pub struct GenericSingleObjectWriter {
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+    resolved: ResolvedOwnedSchema,
+}
+
+impl GenericSingleObjectWriter {
+    pub fn new_with_capacity(
+        schema: &Schema,
+        initial_buffer_cap: usize,
+    ) -> AvroResult<GenericSingleObjectWriter> {
+        let fingerprint = schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>();
+        let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(initial_buffer_cap);
+        let header = [
+            0xC3,
+            0x01,
+            fingerprint.bytes[0],
+            fingerprint.bytes[1],
+            fingerprint.bytes[2],
+            fingerprint.bytes[3],
+            fingerprint.bytes[4],
+            fingerprint.bytes[5],
+            fingerprint.bytes[6],
+            fingerprint.bytes[7],
+        ];
+        buffer.extend_from_slice(&header);
+
+        Ok(GenericSingleObjectWriter {
+            buffer,
+            resolved: ResolvedOwnedSchema::try_from(schema.clone())?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Write the referenced Value to the provided Write object. Returns a result with the number of bytes written including the header
+    pub fn write_value_ref<W: Write>(&mut self, v: &Value, writer: &mut W) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        if self.buffer.len() != 10 {
+            Err(Error::IllegalSingleObjectWriterState)
+        } else {
+            write_value_ref_owned_resolved(&self.resolved, v, &mut self.buffer)?;
+            writer.write_all(&self.buffer).map_err(Error::WriteBytes)?;
+            let len = self.buffer.len();
+            self.buffer.truncate(10);
+            Ok(len)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Write the Value to the provided Write object. Returns a result with the number of bytes written including the header
+    pub fn write_value<W: Write>(&mut self, v: Value, writer: &mut W) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        self.write_value_ref(&v, writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Writer that encodes messages according to the single object encoding v1 spec
+pub struct SpecificSingleObjectWriter<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema,
+{
+    inner: GenericSingleObjectWriter,
+    _model: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectWriter<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema,
+{
+    pub fn with_capacity(buffer_cap: usize) -> AvroResult<SpecificSingleObjectWriter<T>> {
+        let schema = T::get_schema();
+        Ok(SpecificSingleObjectWriter {
+            inner: GenericSingleObjectWriter::new_with_capacity(&schema, buffer_cap)?,
+            _model: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectWriter<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema + Into<Value>,
+{
+    /// Write the `Into<Value>` to the provided Write object. Returns a result with the number
+    /// of bytes written including the header
+    pub fn write_value<W: Write>(&mut self, data: T, writer: &mut W) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let v: Value = data.into();
+        self.inner.write_value_ref(&v, writer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SpecificSingleObjectWriter<T>
+where
+    T: AvroSchema + Serialize,
+{
+    /// Write the referenced Serialize object to the provided Write object. Returns a result with
+    /// the number of bytes written including the header
+    pub fn write_ref<W: Write>(&mut self, data: &T, writer: &mut W) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        let mut serializer = Serializer::default();
+        let v = data.serialize(&mut serializer)?;
+        self.inner.write_value_ref(&v, writer)
+    }
+
+    /// Write the Serialize object to the provided Write object. Returns a result with the number
+    /// of bytes written including the header
+    pub fn write<W: Write>(&mut self, data: T, writer: &mut W) -> AvroResult<usize> {
+        self.write_ref(&data, writer)
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_value_ref_resolved(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    resolved_schema: &ResolvedSchema,
+    value: &Value,
+    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    match value.validate_internal(schema, resolved_schema.get_names(), &schema.namespace()) {
+        Some(reason) => Err(Error::ValidationWithReason {
+            value: value.clone(),
+            schema: schema.clone(),
+            reason,
+        }),
+        None => encode_internal(
+            value,
+            schema,
+            resolved_schema.get_names(),
+            &schema.namespace(),
+            buffer,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_value_ref_owned_resolved(
+    resolved_schema: &ResolvedOwnedSchema,
+    value: &Value,
+    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+) -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let root_schema = resolved_schema.get_root_schema();
+    if let Some(reason) = value.validate_internal(
+        root_schema,
+        resolved_schema.get_names(),
+        &root_schema.namespace(),
+    ) {
+        return Err(Error::ValidationWithReason {
+            value: value.clone(),
+            schema: root_schema.clone(),
+            reason,
+        });
+    }
+    encode_internal(
+        value,
+        root_schema,
+        resolved_schema.get_names(),
+        &root_schema.namespace(),
+        buffer,
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Encode a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) into Avro format, also
+/// performing schema validation.
+///
+/// **NOTE** This function has a quite small niche of usage and does NOT generate headers and sync
+/// markers; use [`Writer`](struct.Writer.html) to be fully Avro-compatible if you don't know what
+/// you are doing, instead.
+pub fn to_avro_datum<T: Into<Value>>(schema: &Schema, value: T) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+    write_avro_datum(schema, value, &mut buffer)?;
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Encode a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) into Avro format, also
+/// performing schema validation.
+/// If the provided `schema` is incomplete then its dependencies must be
+/// provided in `schemata`
+pub fn to_avro_datum_schemata<T: Into<Value>>(
+    schema: &Schema,
+    schemata: Vec<&Schema>,
+    value: T,
+) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+    write_avro_datum_schemata(schema, schemata, value, &mut buffer)?;
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn generate_sync_marker() -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut marker = [0_u8; 16];
+    std::iter::repeat_with(rand::random)
+        .take(16)
+        .enumerate()
+        .for_each(|(i, n)| marker[i] = n);
+    marker
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn generate_sync_marker() -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut marker = [0_u8; 16];
+    std::iter::repeat_with(quad_rand::rand)
+        .take(4)
+        .flat_map(|i| i.to_be_bytes())
+        .enumerate()
+        .for_each(|(i, n)| marker[i] = n);
+    marker
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        decimal::Decimal,
+        duration::{Days, Duration, Millis, Months},
+        schema::{DecimalSchema, FixedSchema, Name},
+        types::Record,
+        util::zig_i64,
+        Reader,
+    };
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+    use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+    const AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN: usize = AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER.len();
+
+    const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "test",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "a",
+          "type": "long",
+          "default": 42
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "b",
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    const UNION_SCHEMA: &str = r#"["null", "long"]"#;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_avro_datum() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+
+        let mut expected = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut expected);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut expected);
+        expected.extend([b'f', b'o', b'o']);
+
+        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, record)?, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_not_null() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA)?;
+        let union = Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Long(3)));
+
+        let mut expected = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(1, &mut expected);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut expected);
+
+        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, union)?, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_union_null() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA)?;
+        let union = Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null));
+
+        let mut expected = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(0, &mut expected);
+
+        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, union)?, expected);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn logical_type_test<T: Into<Value> + Clone>(
+        schema_str: &'static str,
+
+        expected_schema: &Schema,
+        value: Value,
+
+        raw_schema: &Schema,
+        raw_value: T,
+    ) -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        assert_eq!(&schema, expected_schema);
+        // The serialized format should be the same as the schema.
+        let ser = to_avro_datum(&schema, value.clone())?;
+        let raw_ser = to_avro_datum(raw_schema, raw_value)?;
+        assert_eq!(ser, raw_ser);
+
+        // Should deserialize from the schema into the logical type.
+        let mut r = ser.as_slice();
+        let de = crate::from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut r, None)?;
+        assert_eq!(de, value);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn date() -> TestResult {
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#,
+            &Schema::Date,
+            Value::Date(1_i32),
+            &Schema::Int,
+            1_i32,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn time_millis() -> TestResult {
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#,
+            &Schema::TimeMillis,
+            Value::TimeMillis(1_i32),
+            &Schema::Int,
+            1_i32,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn time_micros() -> TestResult {
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#,
+            &Schema::TimeMicros,
+            Value::TimeMicros(1_i64),
+            &Schema::Long,
+            1_i64,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timestamp_millis() -> TestResult {
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
+            &Schema::TimestampMillis,
+            Value::TimestampMillis(1_i64),
+            &Schema::Long,
+            1_i64,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timestamp_micros() -> TestResult {
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
+            &Schema::TimestampMicros,
+            Value::TimestampMicros(1_i64),
+            &Schema::Long,
+            1_i64,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decimal_fixed() -> TestResult {
+        let size = 30;
+        let inner = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::new("decimal")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            size,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        let value = vec![0u8; size];
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "size": 30, "name": "decimal"}, "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 20, "scale": 5}"#,
+            &Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 20,
+                scale: 5,
+                inner: Box::new(inner.clone()),
+            }),
+            Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(value.clone())),
+            &inner,
+            Value::Fixed(size, value),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decimal_bytes() -> TestResult {
+        let inner = Schema::Bytes;
+        let value = vec![0u8; 10];
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 4, "scale": 3}"#,
+            &Schema::Decimal(DecimalSchema {
+                precision: 4,
+                scale: 3,
+                inner: Box::new(inner.clone()),
+            }),
+            Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(value.clone())),
+            &inner,
+            value,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn duration() -> TestResult {
+        let inner = Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema {
+            name: Name::new("duration")?,
+            aliases: None,
+            doc: None,
+            size: 12,
+            default: None,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        });
+        let value = Value::Duration(Duration::new(
+            Months::new(256),
+            Days::new(512),
+            Millis::new(1024),
+        ));
+        logical_type_test(
+            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "duration", "size": 12}, "logicalType": "duration"}"#,
+            &Schema::Duration,
+            value,
+            &inner,
+            Value::Fixed(12, vec![0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0]),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_append() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+
+        let n1 = writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        let n2 = writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        let n3 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
+        data.extend(b"foo");
+        data.extend(data.clone());
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_extend() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+        let record_copy = record.clone();
+        let records = vec![record, record_copy];
+
+        let n1 = writer.extend(records)?;
+        let n2 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
+        data.extend(b"foo");
+        data.extend(data.clone());
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+    struct TestSerdeSerialize {
+        a: i64,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_append_ser() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let record = TestSerdeSerialize {
+            a: 27,
+            b: "foo".to_owned(),
+        };
+
+        let n1 = writer.append_ser(record)?;
+        let n2 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
+        data.extend(b"foo");
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_extend_ser() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let record = TestSerdeSerialize {
+            a: 27,
+            b: "foo".to_owned(),
+        };
+        let record_copy = record.clone();
+        let records = vec![record, record_copy];
+
+        let n1 = writer.extend_ser(records)?;
+        let n2 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
+        data.extend(b"foo");
+        data.extend(data.clone());
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn make_writer_with_codec(schema: &Schema) -> Writer<'_, Vec<u8>> {
+        Writer::with_codec(schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate)
+    }
+
+    fn make_writer_with_builder(schema: &Schema) -> Writer<'_, Vec<u8>> {
+        Writer::builder()
+            .writer(Vec::new())
+            .schema(schema)
+            .codec(Codec::Deflate)
+            .block_size(100)
+            .build()
+    }
+
+    fn check_writer(mut writer: Writer<'_, Vec<u8>>, schema: &Schema) -> TestResult {
+        let mut record = Record::new(schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+
+        let n1 = writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        let n2 = writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        let n3 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
+        data.extend(b"foo");
+        data.extend(data.clone());
+        Codec::Deflate.compress(&mut data)?;
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_with_codec() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let writer = make_writer_with_codec(&schema);
+        check_writer(writer, &schema)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_with_builder() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let writer = make_writer_with_builder(&schema);
+        check_writer(writer, &schema)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_logical_writer() -> TestResult {
+        const LOGICAL_TYPE_SCHEMA: &str = r#"
+        {
+          "type": "record",
+          "name": "logical_type_test",
+          "fields": [
+            {
+              "name": "a",
+              "type": [
+                "null",
+                {
+                  "type": "long",
+                  "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let codec = Codec::Deflate;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(LOGICAL_TYPE_SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::builder()
+            .schema(&schema)
+            .codec(codec)
+            .writer(Vec::new())
+            .build();
+
+        let mut record1 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record1.put(
+            "a",
+            Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::TimestampMicros(1234_i64))),
+        );
+
+        let mut record2 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record2.put("a", Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)));
+
+        let n1 = writer.append(record1)?;
+        let n2 = writer.append(record2)?;
+        let n3 = writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
+
+        let mut data = Vec::new();
+        // byte indicating not null
+        zig_i64(1, &mut data);
+        zig_i64(1234, &mut data);
+
+        // byte indicating null
+        zig_i64(0, &mut data);
+        codec.compress(&mut data)?;
+
+        // starts with magic
+        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
+        // ends with data and sync marker
+        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
+            data.as_slice()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3405_writer_add_metadata_success() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        writer.add_user_metadata("stringKey".to_string(), String::from("stringValue"))?;
+        writer.add_user_metadata("strKey".to_string(), "strValue")?;
+        writer.add_user_metadata("bytesKey".to_string(), b"bytesValue")?;
+        writer.add_user_metadata("vecKey".to_string(), vec![1, 2, 3])?;
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+        writer.flush()?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        assert_eq!(result.len(), 260);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3881_metadata_empty_body() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+        writer.add_user_metadata("a".to_string(), "b")?;
+        let result = writer.into_inner()?;
+
+        let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &result[..])?;
+        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
+        expected.insert("a".to_string(), vec![b'b']);
+        assert_eq!(reader.user_metadata(), &expected);
+        assert_eq!(reader.into_iter().count(), 0);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3405_writer_add_metadata_failure() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+        record.put("a", 27i64);
+        record.put("b", "foo");
+        writer.append(record.clone())?;
+
+        match writer.add_user_metadata("stringKey".to_string(), String::from("value2")) {
+            Err(e @ Error::FileHeaderAlreadyWritten) => {
+                assert_eq!(e.to_string(), "The file metadata is already flushed.")
+            }
+            Err(e) => panic!("Unexpected error occurred while writing user metadata: {e:?}"),
+            Ok(_) => panic!("Expected an error that metadata cannot be added after adding data"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3405_writer_add_metadata_reserved_prefix_failure() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let key = "avro.stringKey".to_string();
+        match writer.add_user_metadata(key.clone(), "value") {
+            Err(ref e @ Error::InvalidMetadataKey(_)) => {
+                assert_eq!(e.to_string(), format!("Metadata keys starting with 'avro.' are reserved for internal usage: {key}."))
+            }
+            Err(e) => panic!(
+                "Unexpected error occurred while writing user metadata with reserved prefix ('avro.'): {e:?}"
+            ),
+            Ok(_) => panic!("Expected an error that the metadata key cannot be prefixed with 'avro.'"),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3405_writer_add_metadata_with_builder_api_success() -> TestResult {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+
+        let mut user_meta_data: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::new();
+        user_meta_data.insert(
+            "stringKey".to_string(),
+            Value::String("stringValue".to_string()),
+        );
+        user_meta_data.insert("bytesKey".to_string(), Value::Bytes(b"bytesValue".to_vec()));
+        user_meta_data.insert("vecKey".to_string(), Value::Bytes(vec![1, 2, 3]));
+
+        let writer: Writer<'_, Vec<u8>> = Writer::builder()
+            .writer(Vec::new())
+            .schema(&schema)
+            .user_metadata(user_meta_data.clone())
+            .build();
+
+        assert_eq!(writer.user_metadata, user_meta_data);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Serialize, Clone)]
+    struct TestSingleObjectWriter {
+        a: i64,
+        b: f64,
+        c: Vec<String>,
+    }
+
+    impl AvroSchema for TestSingleObjectWriter {
+        fn get_schema() -> Schema {
+            let schema = r#"
+            {
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"TestSingleObjectWrtierSerialize",
+                "fields":[
+                    {
+                        "name":"a",
+                        "type":"long"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"b",
+                        "type":"double"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"c",
+                        "type":{
+                            "type":"array",
+                            "items":"string"
+                        }
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+            "#;
+            Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<TestSingleObjectWriter> for Value {
+        fn from(obj: TestSingleObjectWriter) -> Value {
+            Value::Record(vec![
+                ("a".into(), obj.a.into()),
+                ("b".into(), obj.b.into()),
+                (
+                    "c".into(),
+                    Value::Array(obj.c.into_iter().map(|s| s.into()).collect()),
+                ),
+            ])
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_single_object_writer() -> TestResult {
+        let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+        let obj = TestSingleObjectWriter {
+            a: 300,
+            b: 34.555,
+            c: vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into()],
+        };
+        let mut writer = GenericSingleObjectWriter::new_with_capacity(
+            &TestSingleObjectWriter::get_schema(),
+            1024,
+        )
+        .expect("Should resolve schema");
+        let value = obj.into();
+        let written_bytes = writer
+            .write_value_ref(&value, &mut buf)
+            .expect("Error serializing properly");
+
+        assert!(buf.len() > 10, "no bytes written");
+        assert_eq!(buf.len(), written_bytes);
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0xC3);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], 0x01);
+        assert_eq!(
+            &buf[2..10],
+            &TestSingleObjectWriter::get_schema()
+                .fingerprint::<Rabin>()
+                .bytes[..]
+        );
+        let mut msg_binary = Vec::new();
+        encode(
+            &value,
+            &TestSingleObjectWriter::get_schema(),
+            &mut msg_binary,
+        )
+        .expect("encode should have failed by here as a dependency of any writing");
+        assert_eq!(&buf[10..], &msg_binary[..]);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_writer_parity() -> TestResult {
+        let obj1 = TestSingleObjectWriter {
+            a: 300,
+            b: 34.555,
+            c: vec!["cat".into(), "dog".into()],
+        };
+
+        let mut buf1: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+        let mut buf2: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+        let mut buf3: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+
+        let mut generic_writer = GenericSingleObjectWriter::new_with_capacity(
+            &TestSingleObjectWriter::get_schema(),
+            1024,
+        )
+        .expect("Should resolve schema");
+        let mut specific_writer =
+            SpecificSingleObjectWriter::<TestSingleObjectWriter>::with_capacity(1024)
+                .expect("Resolved should pass");
+        specific_writer
+            .write(obj1.clone(), &mut buf1)
+            .expect("Serialization expected");
+        specific_writer
+            .write_value(obj1.clone(), &mut buf2)
+            .expect("Serialization expected");
+        generic_writer
+            .write_value(obj1.into(), &mut buf3)
+            .expect("Serialization expected");
+        assert_eq!(buf1, buf2);
+        assert_eq!(buf1, buf3);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3894_take_aliases_into_account_when_serializing() -> TestResult {
+        const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
+  {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "Conference",
+      "fields": [
+          {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+          {"type": ["null", "long"], "name": "date", "aliases" : [ "time2", "time" ]}
+      ]
+  }"#;
+
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize)]
+        pub struct Conference {
+            pub name: String,
+            pub time: Option<i64>,
+        }
+
+        let conf = Conference {
+            name: "RustConf".to_string(),
+            time: Some(1234567890),
+        };
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        let bytes = writer.append_ser(conf)?;
+
+        assert_eq!(198, bytes);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_4014_validation_returns_a_detailed_error() -> TestResult {
+        const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
+  {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "Conference",
+      "fields": [
+          {"type": "string", "name": "name"},
+          {"type": ["null", "long"], "name": "date", "aliases" : [ "time2", "time" ]}
+      ]
+  }"#;
+
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize)]
+        pub struct Conference {
+            pub name: String,
+            pub time: Option<f64>, // wrong type: f64 instead of i64
+        }
+
+        let conf = Conference {
+            name: "RustConf".to_string(),
+            time: Some(12345678.90),
+        };
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA)?;
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+
+        match writer.append_ser(conf) {
+            Ok(bytes) => panic!("Expected an error, but got {} bytes written", bytes),
+            Err(e) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    e.to_string(),
+                    r#"Value Record([("name", String("RustConf")), ("time", Union(1, Double(12345678.9)))]) does not match schema Record(RecordSchema { name: Name { name: "Conference", namespace: None }, aliases: None, doc: None, fields: [RecordField { name: "name", doc: None, aliases: None, default: None, schema: String, order: Ascending, position: 0, custom_attributes: {} }, RecordField { name: "date", doc: None, aliases: Some(["time2", "time"]), default: None, schema: Union(UnionSchema { schemas: [Null, Long], variant_index: {Null: 0, Long: 1} }), order: Ascending, position: 1, custom_attributes: {} }], lookup: {"date": 1, "name": 0, "time": 1, "time2": 1}, attributes: {} }): Reason: Unsupported value-schema combination! Value: Double(12345678.9), schema: Long"#
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/append_to_existing.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/append_to_existing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ea59d95c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/append_to_existing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    read_marker,
+    types::{Record, Value},
+    AvroResult, Reader, Schema, Writer,
+};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3630_append_to_an_existing_file() -> TestResult {
+    let schema_str = r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "append_to_existing_file",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "a", "type": "int"}
+                ]
+            }
+        "#;
+
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str).expect("Cannot parse the schema");
+
+    let bytes = get_avro_bytes(&schema);
+
+    let marker = read_marker(&bytes[..]);
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::append_to(&schema, bytes, marker);
+
+    writer
+        .append(create_datum(&schema, 2))
+        .expect("An error occurred while appending more data");
+
+    let new_bytes = writer.into_inner().expect("Cannot get the new bytes");
+
+    let reader = Reader::new(&*new_bytes).expect("Cannot read the new bytes");
+    let mut i = 1;
+    for value in reader {
+        check(value, i);
+        i += 1
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Simulates reading from a pre-existing .avro file and returns its bytes
+fn get_avro_bytes(schema: &Schema) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(schema, Vec::new());
+    writer
+        .append(create_datum(schema, 1))
+        .expect("An error while appending data");
+    writer.into_inner().expect("Cannot get the Avro bytes")
+}
+
+/// Creates a new datum to write
+fn create_datum(schema: &Schema, value: i32) -> Record {
+    let mut datum = Record::new(schema).unwrap();
+    datum.put("a", value);
+    datum
+}
+
+/// Checks the read values
+fn check(value: AvroResult<Value>, expected: i32) {
+    match value {
+        Ok(value) => match value {
+            Value::Record(fields) => match &fields[0] {
+                (_, Value::Int(actual)) => assert_eq!(&expected, actual),
+                _ => panic!("The field value type must be an Int: {:?}!", &fields[0]),
+            },
+            _ => panic!("The value type must be a Record: {value:?}!"),
+        },
+        Err(e) => panic!("Error while reading the data: {e:?}"),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3786.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3786.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0e7714f50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3786.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{from_avro_datum, to_avro_datum, to_value, types, Schema};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3786_deserialize_union_with_different_enum_order() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarUseParent {
+        #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+        pub bar_use: Bar,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+        pub bar_init: Bar,
+        #[serde(rename = "barUseParent")]
+        pub bar_use_parent: Option<BarUseParent>,
+    }
+
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1",
+                            "bar2"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "bar0"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUseParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarUseParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar1"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "bar1"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUseParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarUseParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+            }"#;
+
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_init: Bar::Bar1,
+        bar_use_parent: Some(BarUseParent { bar_use: Bar::Bar1 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barInit");
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].1, types::Value::Enum(0, "bar1".to_string()));
+            assert_eq!(fields[1].0, "barUseParent");
+            assert_eq!(
+                fields[1].1,
+                types::Value::Union(
+                    1,
+                    Box::new(types::Value::Record(vec![(
+                        "barUse".to_string(),
+                        types::Value::Enum(0, "bar1".to_string())
+                    )]))
+                )
+            );
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3786_deserialize_union_with_different_enum_order_defined_in_record() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarParent {
+        pub bar: Bar,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barParent")]
+        pub bar_parent: Option<BarParent>,
+    }
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Foo",
+        "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+        "fields":
+        [
+            {
+                "name": "barParent",
+                "type": [
+                    "null",
+                    {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "BarParent",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "bar",
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "enum",
+                                    "name": "Bar",
+                                    "symbols":
+                                    [
+                                        "bar0",
+                                        "bar1",
+                                        "bar2"
+                                    ],
+                                    "default": "bar0"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Foo",
+        "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+        "fields":
+        [
+            {
+                "name": "barParent",
+                "type": [
+                    "null",
+                    {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "BarParent",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "bar",
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type": "enum",
+                                    "name": "Bar",
+                                    "symbols":
+                                    [
+                                        "bar0",
+                                        "bar2"
+                                    ],
+                                    "default": "bar0"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_parent: Some(BarParent { bar: Bar::Bar0 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barParent");
+            // TODO: better validation
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3786_deserialize_union_with_different_enum_order_defined_in_record_v1() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarParent {
+        pub bar: Bar,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barParent")]
+        pub bar_parent: Option<BarParent>,
+    }
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar0",
+                                            "bar1",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar0"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar0",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar0"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_parent: Some(BarParent { bar: Bar::Bar1 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barParent");
+            // TODO: better validation
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3786_deserialize_union_with_different_enum_order_defined_in_record_v2() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarParent {
+        pub bar: Bar,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barParent")]
+        pub bar_parent: Option<BarParent>,
+    }
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar0",
+                                            "bar1",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar2"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar1",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar2"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_parent: Some(BarParent { bar: Bar::Bar1 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barParent");
+            // TODO: better validation
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deserialize_union_with_different_enum_order_defined_in_record() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarParent {
+        pub bar: Bar,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barParent")]
+        pub bar_parent: Option<BarParent>,
+    }
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar0",
+                                            "bar1",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar0"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "com.rallyhealth.devices.canonical.avro.model.v6_0",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bar",
+                                    "type": {
+                                        "type": "enum",
+                                        "name": "Bar",
+                                        "symbols":
+                                        [
+                                            "bar0",
+                                            "bar2"
+                                        ],
+                                        "default": "bar0"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_parent: Some(BarParent { bar: Bar::Bar2 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barParent");
+            // TODO: better validation
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deserialize_union_with_record_with_enum_defined_inline_reader_has_different_indices(
+) -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum DefinedInRecord {
+        #[serde(rename = "val0")]
+        Val0,
+        #[serde(rename = "val1")]
+        Val1,
+        #[serde(rename = "val2")]
+        Val2,
+        #[serde(rename = "UNKNOWN")]
+        Unknown,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Parent {
+        pub date: i64,
+        #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+        pub bar_use: Bar,
+        #[serde(rename = "bazUse")]
+        pub baz_use: Option<Vec<Baz>>,
+        #[serde(rename = "definedInRecord")]
+        pub defined_in_record: DefinedInRecord,
+        #[serde(rename = "optionalString")]
+        pub optional_string: Option<String>,
+    }
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Baz {
+        #[serde(rename = "baz0")]
+        Baz0,
+        #[serde(rename = "baz1")]
+        Baz1,
+        #[serde(rename = "baz2")]
+        Baz2,
+    }
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+        pub bar_init: Bar,
+        pub baz: Baz,
+        pub parent: Option<Parent>,
+    }
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "fake",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1",
+                            "bar2"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "bar0"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "baz",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Baz",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "baz0",
+                            "baz1",
+                            "baz2"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "baz0"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "parent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "Parent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "date",
+                                    "type": {
+                                      "type": "long",
+                                      "avro.java.long": "Long"
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bazUse",
+                                    "type": [
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type": "array",
+                                            "items": {
+                                                "type": "Baz"
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "definedInRecord",
+                                    "type": {
+                                      "name": "DefinedInRecord",
+                                      "type": "enum",
+                                      "symbols": [
+                                        "val0",
+                                        "val1",
+                                        "val2",
+                                        "UNKNOWN"
+                                      ],
+                                      "default": "UNKNOWN"
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                {
+                                  "name": "optionalString",
+                                  "type": [
+                                    "null",
+                                    "string"
+                                  ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "fake",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar2"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "bar0"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "baz",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Baz",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "baz0",
+                            "baz2"
+                        ],
+                        "default": "baz0"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "parent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "Parent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "date",
+                                    "type": {
+                                      "type": "long",
+                                      "avro.java.long": "Long"
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "bazUse",
+                                    "type": [
+                                        "null",
+                                        {
+                                            "type": "array",
+                                            "items": {
+                                                "type": "Baz"
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    ]
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name": "definedInRecord",
+                                    "type": {
+                                      "name": "DefinedInRecord",
+                                      "type": "enum",
+                                      "symbols": [
+                                        "val1",
+                                        "val2",
+                                        "UNKNOWN"
+                                      ],
+                                      "default": "UNKNOWN"
+                                    }
+                                },
+                                {
+                                  "name": "optionalString",
+                                  "type": [
+                                    "null",
+                                    "string"
+                                  ]
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_init: Bar::Bar0,
+        baz: Baz::Baz0,
+        parent: Some(Parent {
+            bar_use: Bar::Bar0,
+            baz_use: Some(vec![Baz::Baz0]),
+            optional_string: Some("test".to_string()),
+            date: 1689197893,
+            defined_in_record: DefinedInRecord::Val1,
+        }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 3);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barInit");
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].1, types::Value::Enum(0, "bar0".to_string()));
+            // TODO: better validation
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3787.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3787.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c08c3c6cce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/avro-3787.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{from_avro_datum, to_avro_datum, to_value, types, Schema};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3787_deserialize_union_with_unknown_symbol() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarUseParent {
+        #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+        pub bar_use: Bar,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+        pub bar_init: Bar,
+        #[serde(rename = "barUseParent")]
+        pub bar_use_parent: Option<BarUseParent>,
+    }
+
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "Foo",
+      "fields":
+      [
+        {
+          "name": "barInit",
+          "type":
+          {
+            "type": "enum",
+            "name": "Bar",
+            "symbols":
+            [
+              "bar0",
+              "bar1",
+              "bar2"
+            ],
+            "default": "bar0"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "barUseParent",
+          "type": [
+            "null",
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "BarUseParent",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "barUse",
+                  "type": "Bar"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "Foo",
+      "fields":
+      [
+        {
+          "name": "barInit",
+          "type":
+          {
+            "type": "enum",
+            "name": "Bar",
+            "symbols":
+            [
+              "bar0",
+              "bar1"
+            ],
+            "default": "bar0"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "barUseParent",
+          "type": [
+            "null",
+            {
+              "type": "record",
+              "name": "BarUseParent",
+              "fields": [
+                {
+                  "name": "barUse",
+                  "type": "Bar"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+      }"#;
+
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_init: Bar::Bar1,
+        bar_use_parent: Some(BarUseParent { bar_use: Bar::Bar2 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 2);
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barInit");
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].1, types::Value::Enum(1, "bar1".to_string()));
+            assert_eq!(fields[1].0, "barUseParent");
+            // TODO: test value
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3787_deserialize_union_with_unknown_symbol_no_ref() -> TestResult {
+    #[derive(
+        Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize,
+    )]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub struct BarParent {
+        #[serde(rename = "Bar")]
+        pub bar: Bar,
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default_barparent_bar() -> Bar {
+        Bar::Bar0
+    }
+    impl Default for BarParent {
+        fn default() -> BarParent {
+            BarParent {
+                bar: default_barparent_bar(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barParent")]
+        pub bar_parent: Option<BarParent>,
+    }
+
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "type": "enum",
+                                    "name": "Bar",
+                                    "symbols":
+                                    [
+                                        "bar0",
+                                        "bar1",
+                                        "bar2"
+                                    ],
+                                    "default": "bar0"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "type": "enum",
+                                    "name": "Bar",
+                                    "symbols":
+                                    [
+                                        "bar0",
+                                        "bar1"
+                                    ],
+                                    "default": "bar0"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo2 = Foo {
+        bar_parent: Some(BarParent { bar: Bar::Bar2 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = to_value(foo2)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        types::Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 1);
+            // assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barInit");
+            // assert_eq!(fields[0].1, types::Value::Enum(0, "bar0".to_string()));
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].0, "barParent");
+            // assert_eq!(fields[1].1, types::Value::Enum(1, "bar1".to_string()));
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/big_decimal.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/big_decimal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b05247103ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/big_decimal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::BigDecimal;
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3948_use_apache_avro_big_decimal() {
+    let _ = BigDecimal::from(1234567890123456789_i64);
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/bigdec.avro b/lang/rust/avro/tests/bigdec.avro
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..641db7e2a47
Binary files /dev/null and b/lang/rust/avro/tests/bigdec.avro differ
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/io.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/io.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03442ed7fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/io.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Port of https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/release-1.9.1/lang/py/test/test_io.py
+use apache_avro::{from_avro_datum, to_avro_datum, types::Value, Error, Schema};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+use std::{io::Cursor, sync::OnceLock};
+
+fn schemas_to_validate() -> &'static Vec<(&'static str, Value)> {
+    static SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE_ONCE: OnceLock<Vec<(&'static str, Value)>> = OnceLock::new();
+    SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        vec![
+            (r#""null""#, Value::Null),
+            (r#""boolean""#, Value::Boolean(true)),
+            (
+                r#""string""#,
+                Value::String("adsfasdf09809dsf-=adsf".to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#""bytes""#,
+                Value::Bytes("12345abcd".to_string().into_bytes()),
+            ),
+            (r#""int""#, Value::Int(1234)),
+            (r#""long""#, Value::Long(1234)),
+            (r#""float""#, Value::Float(1234.0)),
+            (r#""double""#, Value::Double(1234.0)),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}"#,
+                Value::Fixed(1, vec![b'B']),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#,
+                Value::Enum(1, "B".to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#,
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Long(1), Value::Long(3), Value::Long(2)]),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long"}"#,
+                Value::Map(
+                    [
+                        ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(1i64)),
+                        ("b".to_string(), Value::Long(3i64)),
+                        ("c".to_string(), Value::Long(2i64)),
+                    ]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+                    .collect(),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"["string", "null", "long"]"#,
+                Value::Union(1, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "record", "name": "Test", "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]}"#,
+                Value::Record(vec![("f".to_string(), Value::Long(1))]),
+            ),
+        ]
+    })
+}
+
+fn binary_encodings() -> &'static Vec<(i64, Vec<u8>)> {
+    static BINARY_ENCODINGS_ONCE: OnceLock<Vec<(i64, Vec<u8>)>> = OnceLock::new();
+    BINARY_ENCODINGS_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        vec![
+            (0, vec![0x00]),
+            (-1, vec![0x01]),
+            (1, vec![0x02]),
+            (-2, vec![0x03]),
+            (2, vec![0x04]),
+            (-64, vec![0x7f]),
+            (64, vec![0x80, 0x01]),
+            (8192, vec![0x80, 0x80, 0x01]),
+            (-8193, vec![0x81, 0x80, 0x01]),
+        ]
+    })
+}
+
+fn default_value_examples() -> &'static Vec<(&'static str, &'static str, Value)> {
+    static DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES_ONCE: OnceLock<Vec<(&'static str, &'static str, Value)>> =
+        OnceLock::new();
+    DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        vec![
+            (r#""null""#, "null", Value::Null),
+            (r#""boolean""#, "true", Value::Boolean(true)),
+            (r#""string""#, r#""foo""#, Value::String("foo".to_string())),
+            (r#""bytes""#, r#""a""#, Value::Bytes(vec![97])), // ASCII 'a' => one byte
+            (r#""bytes""#, r#""\u00FF""#, Value::Bytes(vec![195, 191])), // The value is between U+0080 and U+07FF => two bytes
+            (r#""int""#, "5", Value::Int(5)),
+            (r#""long""#, "5", Value::Long(5)),
+            (r#""float""#, "1.1", Value::Float(1.1)),
+            (r#""double""#, "1.1", Value::Double(1.1)),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "F", "size": 2}"#,
+                r#""a""#,
+                Value::Fixed(1, vec![97]),
+            ), // ASCII 'a' => one byte
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "F", "size": 2}"#,
+                r#""\u00FF""#,
+                Value::Fixed(2, vec![195, 191]),
+            ), // The value is between U+0080 and U+07FF => two bytes
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "F", "symbols": ["FOO", "BAR"]}"#,
+                r#""FOO""#,
+                Value::Enum(0, "FOO".to_string()),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "array", "items": "int"}"#,
+                "[1, 2, 3]",
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(1), Value::Int(2), Value::Int(3)]),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "map", "values": "int"}"#,
+                r#"{"a": 1, "b": 2}"#,
+                Value::Map(
+                    [
+                        ("a".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
+                        ("b".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
+                    ]
+                    .iter()
+                    .cloned()
+                    .collect(),
+                ),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"["int", "null"]"#,
+                "5",
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Int(5))),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"{"type": "record", "name": "F", "fields": [{"name": "A", "type": "int"}]}"#,
+                r#"{"A": 5}"#,
+                Value::Record(vec![("A".to_string(), Value::Int(5))]),
+            ),
+            (
+                r#"["null", "int"]"#,
+                "null",
+                Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Null)),
+            ),
+        ]
+    })
+}
+
+fn long_record_schema() -> &'static Schema {
+    static LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA_ONCE: OnceLock<Schema> = OnceLock::new();
+    LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        Schema::parse_str(
+            r#"
+{
+    "type": "record",
+    "name": "Test",
+    "fields": [
+        {"name": "A", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "B", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "C", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "D", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "E", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
+        {"name": "G", "type": "int"}
+    ]
+}
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap()
+    })
+}
+
+fn long_record_datum() -> &'static Value {
+    static LONG_RECORD_DATUM_ONCE: OnceLock<Value> = OnceLock::new();
+    LONG_RECORD_DATUM_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        Value::Record(vec![
+            ("A".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
+            ("B".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
+            ("C".to_string(), Value::Int(3)),
+            ("D".to_string(), Value::Int(4)),
+            ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
+            ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
+            ("G".to_string(), Value::Int(7)),
+        ])
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validate() -> TestResult {
+    for (raw_schema, value) in schemas_to_validate().iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        assert!(
+            value.validate(&schema),
+            "value {value:?} does not validate schema: {raw_schema}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_round_trip() -> TestResult {
+    for (raw_schema, value) in schemas_to_validate().iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&schema, value.clone()).unwrap();
+        let decoded = from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut Cursor::new(encoded), None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(value, &decoded);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_binary_int_encoding() -> TestResult {
+    for (number, hex_encoding) in binary_encodings().iter() {
+        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&Schema::Int, Value::Int(*number as i32))?;
+        assert_eq!(&encoded, hex_encoding);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_binary_long_encoding() -> TestResult {
+    for (number, hex_encoding) in binary_encodings().iter() {
+        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&Schema::Long, Value::Long(*number))?;
+        assert_eq!(&encoded, hex_encoding);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_schema_promotion() -> TestResult {
+    // Each schema is present in order of promotion (int -> long, long -> float, float -> double)
+    // Each value represents the expected decoded value when promoting a value previously encoded with a promotable schema
+    let promotable_schemas = [r#""int""#, r#""long""#, r#""float""#, r#""double""#];
+    let promotable_values = vec![
+        Value::Int(219),
+        Value::Long(219),
+        Value::Float(219.0),
+        Value::Double(219.0),
+    ];
+    for (i, writer_raw_schema) in promotable_schemas.iter().enumerate() {
+        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_raw_schema)?;
+        let original_value = &promotable_values[i];
+        for (j, reader_raw_schema) in promotable_schemas.iter().enumerate().skip(i + 1) {
+            let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema)?;
+            let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, original_value.clone())?;
+            let decoded = from_avro_datum(
+                &writer_schema,
+                &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+                Some(&reader_schema),
+            )
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                panic!("failed to decode {original_value:?} with schema: {reader_raw_schema:?}",)
+            });
+            assert_eq!(decoded, promotable_values[j]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unknown_symbol() -> TestResult {
+    let writer_schema =
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["FOO", "BAR"]}"#)?;
+    let reader_schema =
+        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["BAR", "BAZ"]}"#)?;
+    let original_value = Value::Enum(0, "FOO".to_string());
+    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, original_value)?;
+    let decoded = from_avro_datum(
+        &writer_schema,
+        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+        Some(&reader_schema),
+    );
+    assert!(decoded.is_err());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_default_value() -> TestResult {
+    for (field_type, default_json, default_datum) in default_value_examples().iter() {
+        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(&format!(
+            r#"{{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Test",
+                "fields": [
+                    {{"name": "H", "type": {field_type}, "default": {default_json}}}
+                ]
+            }}"#
+        ))?;
+        let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![("H".to_string(), default_datum.clone())]);
+        let encoded = to_avro_datum(long_record_schema(), long_record_datum().clone())?;
+        let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
+            long_record_schema(),
+            &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+            Some(&reader_schema),
+        )?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            datum_read, datum_to_read,
+            "{} -> {}",
+            *field_type, *default_json
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_no_default_value() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+        r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Test",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "H", "type": "int"}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+    )?;
+    let encoded = to_avro_datum(long_record_schema(), long_record_datum().clone())?;
+    let result = from_avro_datum(
+        long_record_schema(),
+        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+        Some(&reader_schema),
+    );
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_projection() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+        r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Test",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "E", "type": "int"},
+                {"name": "F", "type": "int"}
+            ]
+        }
+    "#,
+    )?;
+    let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
+        ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
+    ]);
+    let encoded = to_avro_datum(long_record_schema(), long_record_datum().clone())?;
+    let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
+        long_record_schema(),
+        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+        Some(&reader_schema),
+    )?;
+    assert_eq!(datum_to_read, datum_read);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_field_order() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+        r#"
+        {
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Test",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
+                {"name": "E", "type": "int"}
+            ]
+        }
+    "#,
+    )?;
+    let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
+        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
+    ]);
+    let encoded = to_avro_datum(long_record_schema(), long_record_datum().clone())?;
+    let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
+        long_record_schema(),
+        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
+        Some(&reader_schema),
+    )?;
+    assert_eq!(datum_to_read, datum_read);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_type_exception() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(
+        r#"
+        {
+             "type": "record",
+             "name": "Test",
+             "fields": [
+                {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
+                {"name": "E", "type": "int"}
+             ]
+        }
+    "#,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let datum_to_write = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
+        ("F".to_string(), Value::String(String::from("Bad"))),
+    ]);
+    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, datum_to_write);
+    match encoded {
+        Ok(_) => Err(String::from("Expected ValidationError, got Ok")),
+        Err(Error::Validation) => Ok(()),
+        Err(ref e) => Err(format!("Expected ValidationError, got {e:?}")),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/schema.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/schema.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13cf6af266d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/schema.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    io::{Cursor, Read},
+};
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    from_avro_datum, from_value,
+    schema::{EnumSchema, FixedSchema, Name, RecordField, RecordSchema},
+    to_avro_datum, to_value,
+    types::{Record, Value},
+    Codec, Error, Reader, Schema, Writer,
+};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::{
+    data::{examples, valid_examples, DOC_EXAMPLES},
+    init, TestResult,
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_correct_recursive_extraction() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let raw_outer_schema = r#"{
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "X",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "y",
+                "type": {
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "name": "Y",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "Z",
+                            "type": "X"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let outer_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_outer_schema)?;
+    if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+        fields: outer_fields,
+        ..
+    }) = outer_schema
+    {
+        let inner_schema = &outer_fields[0].schema;
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            fields: inner_fields,
+            ..
+        }) = inner_schema
+        {
+            if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+                name: recursive_type,
+                ..
+            }) = &inner_fields[0].schema
+            {
+                assert_eq!("X", recursive_type.name.as_str());
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("inner schema {inner_schema:?} should have been a record")
+        }
+    } else {
+        panic!("outer schema {outer_schema:?} should have been a record")
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_parse() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    for (raw_schema, valid) in examples().iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema);
+        if *valid {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_ok(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be valid; error: {schema:?}",
+            )
+        } else {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_err(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be invalid"
+            )
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_3799_parse_reader() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    for (raw_schema, valid) in examples().iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_reader(&mut Cursor::new(raw_schema));
+        if *valid {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_ok(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be valid; error: {schema:?}",
+            )
+        } else {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_err(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be invalid"
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Ensure it works for trait objects too.
+    for (raw_schema, valid) in examples().iter() {
+        let reader: &mut dyn Read = &mut Cursor::new(raw_schema);
+        let schema = Schema::parse_reader(reader);
+        if *valid {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_ok(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be valid; error: {schema:?}",
+            )
+        } else {
+            assert!(
+                schema.is_err(),
+                "schema {raw_schema} was supposed to be invalid"
+            )
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_3799_raise_io_error_from_parse_read() -> Result<(), String> {
+    // 0xDF is invalid for UTF-8.
+    let mut invalid_data = Cursor::new([0xDF]);
+
+    let error = Schema::parse_reader(&mut invalid_data).unwrap_err();
+
+    if let Error::ReadSchemaFromReader(e) = error {
+        assert!(
+            e.to_string().contains("stream did not contain valid UTF-8"),
+            "{e}"
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(format!("Expected std::io::Error, got {error:?}"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that the string generated by an Avro Schema object is, in fact, a valid Avro schema.
+fn test_valid_cast_to_string_after_parse() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    for (raw_schema, _) in valid_examples().iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        Schema::parse_str(schema.canonical_form().as_str())?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that a list of schemas whose definitions do not depend on each other produces the same
+/// result as parsing each element of the list individually
+fn test_parse_list_without_cross_deps() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "fixed",
+        "size": 16
+    }"#;
+    let schema_strs = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
+    let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs)?;
+
+    for schema_str in &schema_strs {
+        let parsed = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+        assert!(schemas.contains(&parsed));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that the parsing of a list of schemas, whose definitions do depend on each other, can
+/// perform the necessary schema composition. This should work regardless of the order in which
+/// the schemas are input.
+/// However, the output order is guaranteed to be the same as the input order.
+fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_basic() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_a_str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_b_str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let schema_strs_first = [schema_a_str, schema_b_str];
+    let schema_strs_second = [schema_b_str, schema_a_str];
+    let schemas_first = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first)?;
+    let schemas_second = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second)?;
+
+    assert_eq!(schemas_first[0], schemas_second[1]);
+    assert_eq!(schemas_first[1], schemas_second[0]);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_parse_list_recursive_type() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "doc": "A's schema",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "a_field_one", "type": "B"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "doc": "B's schema",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "b_field_one", "type": "A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
+    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
+    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first)?;
+    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that schema composition resolves namespaces.
+fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_and_namespaces() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_a_str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "namespace": "namespace",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_b_str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "namespace.A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let schemas_first = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_a_str, schema_b_str])?;
+    let schemas_second = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_b_str, schema_a_str])?;
+
+    assert_eq!(schemas_first[0], schemas_second[1]);
+    assert_eq!(schemas_first[1], schemas_second[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that schema composition fails on namespace errors.
+fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_and_namespaces_error() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "namespace": "namespace",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
+    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
+    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first).expect_err("Test failed");
+    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second).expect_err("Test failed");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+// <https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3216>
+// test that field's RecordSchema could be referenced by a following field by full name
+fn test_parse_reused_record_schema_by_fullname() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str = r#"
+        {
+          "type" : "record",
+          "name" : "Weather",
+          "namespace" : "test",
+          "doc" : "A weather reading.",
+          "fields" : [
+            {
+                "name" : "station",
+                "type" : {
+                  "type" : "string",
+                  "avro.java.string" : "String"
+                }
+             },
+             {
+                "name" : "max_temp",
+                "type" : {
+                  "type" : "record",
+                  "name" : "Temp",
+                  "namespace": "prefix",
+                  "doc" : "A temperature reading.",
+                  "fields" : [ {
+                    "name" : "temp",
+                    "type" : "long"
+                  } ]
+                }
+            }, {
+                "name" : "min_temp",
+                "type" : "prefix.Temp"
+            }
+        ]
+       }
+    "#;
+
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str);
+    assert!(schema.is_ok());
+    match schema? {
+        Schema::Record(RecordSchema {
+            ref name,
+            aliases: _,
+            doc: _,
+            ref fields,
+            lookup: _,
+            attributes: _,
+        }) => {
+            assert_eq!(name.fullname(None), "test.Weather", "Name does not match!");
+
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 3, "The number of the fields is not correct!");
+
+            let RecordField {
+                ref name,
+                doc: _,
+                default: _,
+                aliases: _,
+                ref schema,
+                order: _,
+                position: _,
+                custom_attributes: _,
+            } = fields.get(2).unwrap();
+
+            assert_eq!(name, "min_temp");
+
+            match schema {
+                Schema::Ref { ref name } => {
+                    assert_eq!(name.fullname(None), "prefix.Temp", "Name does not match!");
+                }
+                unexpected => unreachable!("Unexpected schema type: {:?}", unexpected),
+            }
+        }
+        unexpected => unreachable!("Unexpected schema type: {:?}", unexpected),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Return all permutations of an input slice
+fn permutations<T>(list: &[T]) -> Vec<Vec<&T>> {
+    let size = list.len();
+    let indices = permutation_indices((0..size).collect());
+    let mut perms = Vec::new();
+    for perm_map in &indices {
+        let mut perm = Vec::new();
+        for ix in perm_map {
+            perm.push(&list[*ix]);
+        }
+        perms.push(perm)
+    }
+    perms
+}
+
+/// Return all permutations of the indices of a vector
+fn permutation_indices(indices: Vec<usize>) -> Vec<Vec<usize>> {
+    let size = indices.len();
+    let mut perms: Vec<Vec<usize>> = Vec::new();
+    if size == 1 {
+        perms.push(indices);
+        return perms;
+    }
+    for index in 0..size {
+        let (head, tail) = indices.split_at(index);
+        let (first, rest) = tail.split_at(1);
+        let mut head = head.to_vec();
+        head.extend_from_slice(rest);
+        for mut sub_index in permutation_indices(head) {
+            sub_index.insert(0, first[0]);
+            perms.push(sub_index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    perms
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that a type that depends on more than one other type is parsed correctly when all
+/// definitions are passed in as a list. This should work regardless of the ordering of the list.
+fn test_parse_list_multiple_dependencies() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_a_str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": ["null", "B", "C"]}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_b_str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "fixed",
+        "size": 16
+    }"#;
+    let schema_c_str = r#"{
+        "name": "C",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let parsed = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_a_str, schema_b_str, schema_c_str])?;
+    let schema_strs = vec![schema_a_str, schema_b_str, schema_c_str];
+    for schema_str_perm in permutations(&schema_strs) {
+        let schema_str_perm: Vec<&str> = schema_str_perm.iter().map(|s| **s).collect();
+        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_str_perm)?;
+        assert_eq!(schemas.len(), 3);
+        for parsed_schema in &parsed {
+            assert!(schemas.contains(parsed_schema));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that a type that is depended on by more than one other type is parsed correctly when all
+/// definitions are passed in as a list. This should work regardless of the ordering of the list.
+fn test_parse_list_shared_dependency() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_a_str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "C"}}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_b_str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "C"}}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_c_str = r#"{
+        "name": "C",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let parsed = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_a_str, schema_b_str, schema_c_str])?;
+    let schema_strs = vec![schema_a_str, schema_b_str, schema_c_str];
+    for schema_str_perm in permutations(&schema_strs) {
+        let schema_str_perm: Vec<&str> = schema_str_perm.iter().map(|s| **s).collect();
+        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_str_perm)?;
+        assert_eq!(schemas.len(), 3);
+        for parsed_schema in &parsed {
+            assert!(schemas.contains(parsed_schema));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that trying to parse two schemas with the same fullname returns an Error
+fn test_name_collision_error() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "foo.A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "double"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "namespace": "foo",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_two", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_1, schema_str_2]).expect_err("Test failed");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+/// Test that having the same name but different fullnames does not return an error
+fn test_namespace_prevents_collisions() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_one", "type": "double"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "namespace": "foo",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_two", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    let parsed = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_1, schema_str_2])?;
+    let parsed_1 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_1)?;
+    let parsed_2 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_2)?;
+    assert_eq!(parsed, vec!(parsed_1, parsed_2));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// The fullname is determined in one of the following ways:
+//  * A name and namespace are both specified.  For example,
+//    one might use "name": "X", "namespace": "org.foo"
+//    to indicate the fullname "org.foo.X".
+//  * A fullname is specified.  If the name specified contains
+//    a dot, then it is assumed to be a fullname, and any
+//    namespace also specified is ignored.  For example,
+//    use "name": "org.foo.X" to indicate the
+//    fullname "org.foo.X".
+//  * A name only is specified, i.e., a name that contains no
+//    dots.  In this case the namespace is taken from the most
+//    tightly enclosing schema or protocol.  For example,
+//    if "name": "X" is specified, and this occurs
+//    within a field of the record definition ///    of "org.foo.Y", then the fullname is "org.foo.X".
+
+// References to previously defined names are as in the latter
+// two cases above: if they contain a dot they are a fullname, if
+// they do not contain a dot, the namespace is the namespace of
+// the enclosing definition.
+
+// Primitive type names have no namespace and their names may
+// not be defined in any namespace. A schema may only contain
+// multiple definitions of a fullname if the definitions are
+// equivalent.
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_name_and_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name =
+        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": "o.a.h", "aliases": null}"#)?;
+    let fullname = name.fullname(None);
+    assert_eq!("o.a.h.a", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_fullname_and_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": "o.a.h"}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "d");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("a.b.c".to_owned()));
+    let fullname = name.fullname(None);
+    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_name_and_default_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": null}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "a");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, None);
+    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("b.c.d".into()));
+    assert_eq!("b.c.d.a", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_fullname_and_default_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": null}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "d");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("a.b.c".to_owned()));
+    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h".into()));
+    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3452_parsing_name_without_namespace() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d"}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "d");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("a.b.c".to_owned()));
+    let fullname = name.fullname(None);
+    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3452_parsing_name_with_leading_dot_without_namespace() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": ".a"}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "a");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, None);
+    assert_eq!("a", name.fullname(None));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3452_parse_json_without_name_field() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let result: serde_json::error::Result<Name> = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"unknown": "a"}"#);
+    assert!(&result.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().to_string(), "No `name` field");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_fullname_namespace_and_default_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name =
+        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": "o.a.a", "aliases": null}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "d");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("a.b.c".to_owned()));
+    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h".into()));
+    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fullname_name_namespace_and_default_namespace_specified() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let name: Name =
+        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": "o.a.a", "aliases": null}"#)?;
+    assert_eq!(&name.name, "a");
+    assert_eq!(name.namespace, Some("o.a.a".to_owned()));
+    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h".into()));
+    assert_eq!("o.a.a.a", fullname);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_doc_attributes() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    fn assert_doc(schema: &Schema) {
+        match schema {
+            Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { doc, .. }) => assert!(doc.is_some()),
+            Schema::Record(RecordSchema { doc, .. }) => assert!(doc.is_some()),
+            Schema::Fixed(FixedSchema { doc, .. }) => assert!(doc.is_some()),
+            Schema::String => (),
+            _ => unreachable!("Unexpected schema type: {:?}", schema),
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (raw_schema, _) in DOC_EXAMPLES.iter() {
+        let original_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        assert_doc(&original_schema);
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. }) = original_schema {
+            for f in fields {
+                assert_doc(&f.schema)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/*
+TODO: (#94) add support for user-defined attributes and uncomment (may need some tweaks to compile)
+#[test]
+fn test_other_attributes() {
+    fn assert_attribute_type(attribute: (String, serde_json::Value)) {
+        match attribute.1.as_ref() {
+            "cp_boolean" => assert!(attribute.2.is_bool()),
+            "cp_int" => assert!(attribute.2.is_i64()),
+            "cp_object" => assert!(attribute.2.is_object()),
+            "cp_float" => assert!(attribute.2.is_f64()),
+            "cp_array" => assert!(attribute.2.is_array()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (raw_schema, _) in OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES.iter() {
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema)?;
+        // all inputs have at least some user-defined attributes
+        assert!(schema.other_attributes.is_some());
+        for prop in schema.other_attributes?.iter() {
+            assert_attribute_type(prop);
+        }
+        if let Schema::Record { fields, .. } = schema {
+           for f in fields {
+               // all fields in the record have at least some user-defined attributes
+               assert!(f.schema.other_attributes.is_some());
+               for prop in f.schema.other_attributes?.iter() {
+                   assert_attribute_type(prop);
+               }
+           }
+        }
+    }
+}
+*/
+
+#[test]
+fn test_root_error_is_not_swallowed_on_parse_error() -> Result<(), String> {
+    init();
+    let raw_schema = r#"/not/a/real/file"#;
+    let error = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap_err();
+
+    if let Error::ParseSchemaJson(e) = error {
+        assert!(
+            e.to_string().contains("expected value at line 1 column 1"),
+            "{}",
+            e
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(format!("Expected serde_json::error::Error, got {error:?}"))
+    }
+}
+
+// AVRO-3302
+#[test]
+fn test_record_schema_with_cyclic_references() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(
+        r#"
+            {
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "test",
+                "fields": [{
+                    "name": "recordField",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type": "record",
+                        "name": "Node",
+                        "fields": [
+                            {"name": "label", "type": "string"},
+                            {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }]
+            }
+        "#,
+    )?;
+
+    let mut datum = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+    datum.put(
+        "recordField",
+        Value::Record(vec![
+            ("label".into(), Value::String("level_1".into())),
+            (
+                "children".into(),
+                Value::Array(vec![Value::Record(vec![
+                    ("label".into(), Value::String("level_2".into())),
+                    (
+                        "children".into(),
+                        Value::Array(vec![Value::Record(vec![
+                            ("label".into(), Value::String("level_3".into())),
+                            (
+                                "children".into(),
+                                Value::Array(vec![Value::Record(vec![
+                                    ("label".into(), Value::String("level_4".into())),
+                                    ("children".into(), Value::Array(vec![])),
+                                ])]),
+                            ),
+                        ])]),
+                    ),
+                ])]),
+            ),
+        ]),
+    );
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Null);
+    if let Err(err) = writer.append(datum) {
+        panic!("An error occurred while writing datum: {err:?}")
+    }
+    let bytes = writer.into_inner()?;
+    assert_eq!(316, bytes.len());
+
+    match Reader::new(&mut bytes.as_slice()) {
+        Ok(mut reader) => match reader.next() {
+            Some(value) => log::debug!("{:?}", value?),
+            None => panic!("No value was read!"),
+        },
+        Err(err) => panic!("An error occurred while reading datum: {err:?}"),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/*
+// TODO: (#93) add support for logical type and attributes and uncomment (may need some tweaks to compile)
+#[test]
+fn test_decimal_valid_type_attributes() {
+    init();
+    let fixed_decimal = Schema::parse_str(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES[0])?;
+    assert_eq!(4, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("precision"));
+    assert_eq!(2, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("scale"));
+    assert_eq!(2, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("size"));
+
+    let bytes_decimal = Schema::parse_str(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES[1])?;
+    assert_eq!(4, bytes_decimal.get_attribute("precision"));
+    assert_eq!(0, bytes_decimal.get_attribute("scale"));
+}
+*/
+
+// https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/issues/47
+#[test]
+fn avro_old_issue_47() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+    let schema_str = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "my_record",
+      "fields": [
+        {"name": "a", "type": "long"},
+        {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+      ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
+
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+    #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    pub struct MyRecord {
+        b: String,
+        a: i64,
+    }
+
+    let record = MyRecord {
+        b: "hello".to_string(),
+        a: 1,
+    };
+
+    let ser_value = to_value(record.clone())?;
+    let serialized_bytes = to_avro_datum(&schema, ser_value)?;
+
+    let de_value = &from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut &*serialized_bytes, None)?;
+    let deserialized_record = from_value::<MyRecord>(de_value)?;
+
+    assert_eq!(record, deserialized_record);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3785_deserialize_namespace_with_nullable_type_containing_reference_type() -> TestResult
+{
+    use apache_avro::{from_avro_datum, to_avro_datum, types::Value};
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+    pub struct BarUseParent {
+        #[serde(rename = "barUse")]
+        pub bar_use: Bar,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+    pub enum Bar {
+        #[serde(rename = "bar0")]
+        Bar0,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar1")]
+        Bar1,
+        #[serde(rename = "bar2")]
+        Bar2,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+    pub struct Foo {
+        #[serde(rename = "barInit")]
+        pub bar_init: Bar,
+        #[serde(rename = "barUseParent")]
+        pub bar_use_parent: Option<BarUseParent>,
+    }
+
+    let writer_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "name.space",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1",
+                            "bar2"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUseParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarUseParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#;
+
+    let reader_schema = r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Foo",
+            "namespace": "name.space",
+            "fields":
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "barInit",
+                    "type":
+                    {
+                        "type": "enum",
+                        "name": "Bar",
+                        "symbols":
+                        [
+                            "bar0",
+                            "bar1"
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "barUseParent",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "BarUseParent",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {
+                                    "name": "barUse",
+                                    "type": "Bar"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+            }"#;
+
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema)?;
+    let foo1 = Foo {
+        bar_init: Bar::Bar0,
+        bar_use_parent: Some(BarUseParent { bar_use: Bar::Bar1 }),
+    };
+    let avro_value = crate::to_value(foo1)?;
+    assert!(
+        avro_value.validate(&writer_schema),
+        "value is valid for schema",
+    );
+    let datum = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, avro_value)?;
+    let mut x = &datum[..];
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema)?;
+    let deser_value = from_avro_datum(&writer_schema, &mut x, Some(&reader_schema))?;
+    match deser_value {
+        Value::Record(fields) => {
+            assert_eq!(fields.len(), 2);
+        }
+        _ => panic!("Expected Value::Record"),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3847_union_field_with_default_value_of_ref() -> TestResult {
+    // Test for reference to Record
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["record2", "int"],
+                "default": {
+                    "f1_1": 100
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        (
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]),
+        ),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(
+                0,
+                Box::new(Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 100.into())])),
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Enum
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string()));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["enum1", "int"],
+                "default": "a"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string())),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Enum(0, "a".to_string()))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Fixed
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["fixed1", "int"],
+                "default": "abc"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2])),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Fixed(3, vec![b'a', b'b', b'c']))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3847_union_field_with_default_value_of_ref_with_namespace() -> TestResult {
+    // Test for reference to Record
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.record2", "int"],
+                "default": {
+                    "f1_1": 100
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        (
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]),
+        ),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(
+                0,
+                Box::new(Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 100.into())])),
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Enum
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string()));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.enum1", "int"],
+                "default": "a"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string())),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Enum(0, "a".to_string()))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Fixed
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "namespace": "ns",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.fixed1", "int"],
+                "default": "abc"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2])),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Fixed(3, vec![b'a', b'b', b'c']))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3847_union_field_with_default_value_of_ref_with_enclosing_namespace() -> TestResult {
+    // Test for reference to Record
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.record2", "int"],
+                "default": {
+                    "f1_1": 100
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        (
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]),
+        ),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(
+                0,
+                Box::new(Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 100.into())])),
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Enum
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string()));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b"]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.enum1", "int"],
+                "default": "a"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Enum(1, "b".to_string())),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Enum(0, "a".to_string()))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    // Test for reference to Fixed
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": ["ns.fixed1", "int"],
+                "default": "abc"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Fixed(3, vec![0, 1, 2])),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Union(0, Box::new(Value::Fixed(3, vec![b'a', b'b', b'c']))),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn write_schema_for_default_value_test() -> apache_avro::AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema())
+        .ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")
+        .unwrap();
+    record.put("f1", 10);
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    writer.into_inner()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_simple_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": "int",
+                "default": 20
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        ("f2".to_string(), Value::Int(20)),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_nested_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                "default": {
+                    "f1_1": 100
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 100.into())]),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_enum_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "enum1",
+                    "type": "enum",
+                    "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+                },
+                "default": "a"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        ("f2".to_string(), Value::Enum(0, "a".to_string())),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_fixed_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "fixed1",
+                    "type": "fixed",
+                    "size": 3
+                },
+                "default": "abc"
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        ("f2".to_string(), Value::Fixed(3, vec![b'a', b'b', b'c'])),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_array_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": "int",
+                "default": [1, 2, 3]
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Array(vec![1.into(), 2.into(), 3.into()]),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_map_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": "int"
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": "map",
+                "values": "string",
+                "default": { "a": "A", "b": "B", "c": "C" }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = write_schema_for_default_value_test()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let map = HashMap::from_iter([
+        ("a".to_string(), "A".into()),
+        ("b".to_string(), "B".into()),
+        ("c".to_string(), "C".into()),
+    ]);
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        ("f1".to_string(), Value::Int(10)),
+        ("f2".to_string(), Value::Map(map)),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_ref_record_field() -> TestResult {
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    let mut record = Record::new(writer.schema()).ok_or("Expected Some(Record), but got None")?;
+    record.put("f1", Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]));
+    writer.append(record)?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "record1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "f1",
+                "type": {
+                    "name": "record2",
+                    "type": "record",
+                    "fields": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "f1_1",
+                            "type": "int"
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            },  {
+                "name": "f2",
+                "type": "ns.record2",
+                "default": { "f1_1": 100 }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Record(vec![
+        (
+            "f1".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 10.into())]),
+        ),
+        (
+            "f2".to_string(),
+            Value::Record(vec![("f1_1".to_string(), 100.into())]),
+        ),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3851_read_default_value_for_enum() -> TestResult {
+    let writer_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "enum1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "enum",
+        "symbols": ["a", "b", "c"]
+    }
+    "#;
+    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_schema_str)?;
+    let mut writer = Writer::new(&writer_schema, Vec::new());
+    writer.append("c")?;
+
+    let reader_schema_str = r#"
+    {
+        "name": "enum1",
+        "namespace": "ns",
+        "type": "enum",
+        "symbols": ["a", "b"],
+        "default": "a"
+    }
+    "#;
+    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_schema_str)?;
+    let input = writer.into_inner()?;
+    let reader = Reader::with_schema(&reader_schema, &input[..])?;
+    let result = reader.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(1, result.len());
+
+    let expected = Value::Enum(0, "a".to_string());
+    assert_eq!(expected, result[0]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/shared.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/shared.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3915d5d12aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/shared.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{types::Value, Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+use std::{
+    fmt,
+    fs::{DirEntry, File, ReadDir},
+    io::BufReader,
+    path::Path,
+    slice::Iter,
+};
+
+const ROOT_DIRECTORY: &str = "../../../share/test/data/schemas";
+
+#[test]
+fn test_schema() -> TestResult {
+    let directory: ReadDir = match std::fs::read_dir(ROOT_DIRECTORY) {
+        Ok(root_folder) => root_folder,
+        Err(err) => {
+            log::warn!("Can't read the root folder: {err}");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    };
+    let mut result: Result<(), ErrorsDesc> = Ok(());
+    for f in directory {
+        let entry: DirEntry = match f {
+            Ok(entry) => entry,
+            Err(e) => core::panic!("Can't get file {}", e),
+        };
+        log::debug!("{:?}", entry.file_name());
+        if let Ok(ft) = entry.file_type() {
+            if ft.is_dir() {
+                let sub_folder =
+                    ROOT_DIRECTORY.to_owned() + "/" + entry.file_name().to_str().unwrap();
+
+                let dir_result = test_folder(sub_folder.as_str());
+                if let Err(ed) = dir_result {
+                    result = match result {
+                        Ok(()) => Err(ed),
+                        Err(e) => Err(e.merge(&ed)),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ErrorsDesc {
+    details: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl ErrorsDesc {
+    fn new(msg: &str) -> ErrorsDesc {
+        ErrorsDesc {
+            details: vec![msg.to_string()],
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add(&self, msg: &str) -> Self {
+        let mut new_vec = self.details.clone();
+        new_vec.push(msg.to_string());
+        Self { details: new_vec }
+    }
+
+    fn merge(&self, err: &ErrorsDesc) -> Self {
+        let mut new_vec = self.details.clone();
+        err.details
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|d: &String| new_vec.push(d.clone()));
+        Self { details: new_vec }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ErrorsDesc {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.details.join("\n").as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+fn test_folder(folder: &str) -> Result<(), ErrorsDesc> {
+    let file_name = folder.to_owned() + "/schema.json";
+    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(file_name).expect("Unable to find schema.json file");
+
+    let schema: Schema = Schema::parse_str(content.as_str()).expect("Can't read schema");
+
+    let data_file_name = folder.to_owned() + "/data.avro";
+    let data_path: &Path = Path::new(data_file_name.as_str());
+    let mut result = Ok(());
+    if !data_path.exists() {
+        log::error!("{}", format!("folder {folder} does not exist"));
+        return Err(ErrorsDesc::new(
+            format!("folder {folder} does not exist").as_str(),
+        ));
+    } else {
+        let file: File = File::open(data_path).expect("Can't open data.avro");
+        let reader =
+            Reader::with_schema(&schema, BufReader::new(&file)).expect("Can't read data.avro");
+
+        let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(&schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Null);
+
+        let mut records: Vec<Value> = vec![];
+
+        for r in reader {
+            let record: Value = r.expect("Error on reading");
+            writer.append(record.clone()).expect("Error on write item");
+            records.push(record);
+        }
+
+        writer.flush().expect("Error on flush");
+        let bytes: Vec<u8> = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
+        let reader_bis =
+            Reader::with_schema(&schema, &bytes[..]).expect("Can't read flushed vector");
+
+        let mut records_iter: Iter<Value> = records.iter();
+        for r2 in reader_bis {
+            let record: Value = r2.expect("Error on reading");
+            let original = records_iter.next().expect("Error, no next");
+            if original != &record {
+                result = match result {
+                    Ok(_) => Result::Err(ErrorsDesc::new(
+                        format!("Records are not equals for folder : {folder}").as_str(),
+                    )),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        Err(e.add(format!("Records are not equals for folder : {folder}").as_str()))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/to_from_avro_datum_schemata.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/to_from_avro_datum_schemata.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e27f1e625ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/to_from_avro_datum_schemata.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    from_avro_datum_schemata, to_avro_datum_schemata, types::Value, Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer,
+};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::{init, TestResult};
+
+static SCHEMA_A_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_a", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+static SCHEMA_B_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_b", "type": "A"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3683_multiple_schemata_to_from_avro_datum() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+
+    let record: Value = Value::Record(vec![(
+        String::from("field_b"),
+        Value::Record(vec![(String::from("field_a"), Value::Float(1.0))]),
+    )]);
+
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> = Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR])?;
+    let schemata: Vec<&Schema> = schemata.iter().collect();
+
+    // this is the Schema we want to use for write/read
+    let schema_b = schemata[1];
+    let expected: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 0, 128, 63];
+    let actual = to_avro_datum_schemata(schema_b, schemata.clone(), record.clone())?;
+    assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+
+    let value = from_avro_datum_schemata(schema_b, schemata, &mut actual.as_slice(), None)?;
+    assert_eq!(value, record);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3683_multiple_schemata_writer_reader() -> TestResult {
+    init();
+
+    let record: Value = Value::Record(vec![(
+        String::from("field_b"),
+        Value::Record(vec![(String::from("field_a"), Value::Float(1.0))]),
+    )]);
+
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> = Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR])?;
+    let schemata: Vec<&Schema> = schemata.iter().collect();
+
+    // this is the Schema we want to use for write/read
+    let schema_b = schemata[1];
+    let mut output: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::with_schemata(schema_b, schemata.clone(), &mut output, Codec::Null);
+    writer.append(record.clone())?;
+    writer.flush()?;
+
+    let reader = Reader::with_schemata(schema_b, schemata, output.as_slice())?;
+    let value = reader.into_iter().next().unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(value, record);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/union_schema.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/union_schema.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09a1d130534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/union_schema.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{from_value, AvroResult, Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer};
+use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+static SCHEMA_A_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "A",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_a", "type": "float"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+static SCHEMA_B_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "B",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_b", "type": "long"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+static SCHEMA_C_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "C",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["A", "B"]},
+            {"name": "field_c", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct A {
+    field_a: f32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct B {
+    field_b: i64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum UnionAB {
+    A(A),
+    B(B),
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct C {
+    field_union: UnionAB,
+    field_c: String,
+}
+
+fn encode_decode<T>(input: &T, schema: &Schema, schemata: &[Schema]) -> AvroResult<T>
+where
+    T: DeserializeOwned + Serialize,
+{
+    let mut encoded: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    let mut writer =
+        Writer::with_schemata(schema, schemata.iter().collect(), &mut encoded, Codec::Null);
+    writer.append_ser(input)?;
+    writer.flush()?;
+
+    let mut reader = Reader::with_schemata(schema, schemata.iter().collect(), encoded.as_slice())?;
+    from_value::<T>(&reader.next().expect("")?)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_round_trip_no_null() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> =
+        Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR, SCHEMA_C_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = C {
+        field_union: (UnionAB::A(A { field_a: 45.5 })),
+        field_c: "foo".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = C {
+        field_union: (UnionAB::B(B { field_b: 73 })),
+        field_c: "bar".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+static SCHEMA_D_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "D",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["null", "A", "B"]},
+            {"name": "field_d", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum UnionNoneAB {
+    None,
+    A(A),
+    B(B),
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct D {
+    field_union: UnionNoneAB,
+    field_d: String,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_round_trip_null_at_start() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> =
+        Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR, SCHEMA_D_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = D {
+        field_union: UnionNoneAB::A(A { field_a: 54.25 }),
+        field_d: "fooy".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = D {
+        field_union: UnionNoneAB::None,
+        field_d: "fooyy".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = D {
+        field_union: UnionNoneAB::B(B { field_b: 103 }),
+        field_d: "foov".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+static SCHEMA_E_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "E",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["A", "null", "B"]},
+            {"name": "field_e", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum UnionANoneB {
+    A(A),
+    None,
+    B(B),
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct E {
+    field_union: UnionANoneB,
+    field_e: String,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_round_trip_with_out_of_order_null() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> =
+        Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR, SCHEMA_E_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = E {
+        field_union: UnionANoneB::A(A { field_a: 23.75 }),
+        field_e: "barme".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = E {
+        field_union: UnionANoneB::None,
+        field_e: "barme2".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = E {
+        field_union: UnionANoneB::B(B { field_b: 89 }),
+        field_e: "barme3".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+static SCHEMA_F_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "F",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["A", "B", "null"]},
+            {"name": "field_f", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum UnionABNone {
+    A(A),
+    B(B),
+    None,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct F {
+    field_union: UnionABNone,
+    field_f: String,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_round_trip_with_end_null() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> =
+        Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR, SCHEMA_F_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = F {
+        field_union: UnionABNone::A(A { field_a: 23.75 }),
+        field_f: "aoe".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = F {
+        field_union: UnionABNone::B(B { field_b: 89 }),
+        field_f: "aoe3".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = F {
+        field_union: UnionABNone::None,
+        field_f: "aoee2".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/*
+One could make an argument that we should be able to represent a union schema of [null,A,B] as Option<Enum<A,B>>.
+This is a failing test to show that we *can't*.  My (Simon Gittins's) feeling is that this should NOT be implemented
+static SCHEMA_G_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "G",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["null", "A", "B"]},
+            {"name": "field_g", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct G {
+    field_union: Option<UnionAB>,
+    field_g: String,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_as_optional_2() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> =
+        Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_A_STR, SCHEMA_B_STR, SCHEMA_G_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = G {
+        field_union: Some(UnionAB::A(A { field_a: 32.25 })),
+        field_g: "aj".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = G {
+        field_union: None,
+        field_g: "aja".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = G {
+        field_union: Some(UnionAB::B(B { field_b: 44 })),
+        field_g: "aju".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[2], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+*/
+static SCHEMA_H_STR: &str = r#"{
+        "name": "H",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {"name": "field_union", "type": ["null", "long"]},
+            {"name": "field_h", "type": "string"}
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+struct H {
+    field_union: Option<i64>,
+    field_h: String,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_avro_3901_union_schema_as_optional() -> AvroResult<()> {
+    let schemata: Vec<Schema> = Schema::parse_list(&[SCHEMA_H_STR]).expect("parsing schemata");
+
+    let input = H {
+        field_union: Some(23),
+        field_h: "aaa".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[0], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    let input = H {
+        field_union: None,
+        field_h: "bbb".to_string(),
+    };
+    let output = encode_decode(&input, &schemata[0], &schemata)?;
+    assert_eq!(input, output);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/uuids.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/uuids.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bea71e2e418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/uuids.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::Uuid;
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3948_use_apache_avro_uuid() -> TestResult {
+    let _ = Uuid::parse_str("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro/tests/validators.rs b/lang/rust/avro/tests/validators.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc45353a8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro/tests/validators.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    schema::Namespace,
+    validator::{
+        set_enum_symbol_name_validator, set_record_field_name_validator, set_schema_name_validator,
+        set_schema_namespace_validator, EnumSymbolNameValidator, RecordFieldNameValidator,
+        SchemaNameValidator, SchemaNamespaceValidator,
+    },
+    AvroResult,
+};
+use apache_avro_test_helper::TestResult;
+
+struct CustomValidator;
+
+// Setup the custom validators before the schema is parsed
+// because the parsing will trigger the validation and will
+// setup the default validator (SpecificationValidator)!
+impl SchemaNameValidator for CustomValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, schema_name: &str) -> AvroResult<(String, Namespace)> {
+        Ok((schema_name.to_string(), None))
+    }
+}
+
+impl SchemaNamespaceValidator for CustomValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, _ns: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl EnumSymbolNameValidator for CustomValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, _ns: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl RecordFieldNameValidator for CustomValidator {
+    fn validate(&self, _ns: &str) -> AvroResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn avro_3900_custom_validator_with_spec_invalid_names() -> TestResult {
+    assert!(set_schema_name_validator(Box::new(CustomValidator)).is_ok());
+    assert!(set_schema_namespace_validator(Box::new(CustomValidator)).is_ok());
+    assert!(set_enum_symbol_name_validator(Box::new(CustomValidator)).is_ok());
+    assert!(set_record_field_name_validator(Box::new(CustomValidator)).is_ok());
+
+    let invalid_schema = r#"{
+        "name": "invalid-schema-name",
+        "namespace": "invalid-namespace",
+        "type": "record",
+        "fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "invalid-field-name",
+                "type": "int"
+            },
+            {
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "Test",
+                "symbols": ["A-B", "B-A"]
+            }
+        ]
+    }"#;
+
+    apache_avro::Schema::parse_str(invalid_schema)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_derive/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/avro_derive/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0457e4984ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_derive/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[package]
+name = "apache-avro-derive"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "A library for deriving Avro schemata from Rust structs and enums"
+license.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+keywords = ["avro", "data", "serialization", "derive"]
+categories.workspace = true
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/apache-avro-derive"
+readme = "README.md"
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+darling = { default-features = false, version = "0.20.10" }
+proc-macro2 = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.86" }
+quote = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.36" }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+syn = { default-features = false, version = "2.0.72", features = ["full", "fold"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+apache-avro = { default-features = false, path = "../avro", features = ["derive"] }
+proptest = { default-features = false, version = "1.5.0", features = ["std"] }
+serde = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.204", features = ["derive"] }
+
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_derive/README.md b/lang/rust/avro_derive/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0098d38970a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_derive/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<!---
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  distributed with this work for additional information
+  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+
+# avro_derive
+
+A proc-macro module for automatically deriving the avro schema for structs or enums. The macro produces the logic necessary to implement the `AvroSchema` trait for the type.
+
+```rust
+pub trait AvroSchema {
+    // constructs the schema for the type
+    fn get_schema() -> Schema;
+}
+```
+## How-to use
+Add the "derive" feature to your apache-avro dependency inside cargo.toml
+```
+apache-avro = { version = "X.Y.Z", features = ["derive"] }
+```
+
+Add to your data model
+```rust
+#[derive(AvroSchema)]
+struct Test {
+    a: i64,
+    b: String,
+}
+```
+
+
+### Example
+```rust
+use apache_avro::Writer;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, AvroSchema)]
+struct Test {
+    a: i64,
+    b: String,
+}
+// derived schema, always valid or code fails to compile with a descriptive message
+let schema = Test::get_schema();
+
+let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+let test = Test {
+    a: 27,
+    b: "foo".to_owned(),
+};
+writer.append_ser(test).unwrap();
+let encoded = writer.into_inner();
+```
+
+### Compatibility Notes
+This module is designed to work in concert with the Serde implementation. If your use case dictates needing to manually convert to a `Value` type in order to encode then the derived schema may not be correct.
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_derive/src/lib.rs b/lang/rust/avro_derive/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eeeaa93a48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_derive/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use darling::FromAttributes;
+use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
+use quote::quote;
+
+use syn::{
+    parse_macro_input, spanned::Spanned, AttrStyle, Attribute, DeriveInput, Ident, Meta, Type,
+    TypePath,
+};
+
+#[derive(darling::FromAttributes)]
+#[darling(attributes(avro))]
+struct FieldOptions {
+    #[darling(default)]
+    doc: Option<String>,
+    #[darling(default)]
+    default: Option<String>,
+    #[darling(multiple)]
+    alias: Vec<String>,
+    #[darling(default)]
+    rename: Option<String>,
+    #[darling(default)]
+    skip: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+#[derive(darling::FromAttributes)]
+#[darling(attributes(avro))]
+struct NamedTypeOptions {
+    #[darling(default)]
+    namespace: Option<String>,
+    #[darling(default)]
+    doc: Option<String>,
+    #[darling(multiple)]
+    alias: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(AvroSchema, attributes(avro))]
+// Templated from Serde
+pub fn proc_macro_derive_avro_schema(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
+    let mut input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
+    derive_avro_schema(&mut input)
+        .unwrap_or_else(to_compile_errors)
+        .into()
+}
+
+fn derive_avro_schema(input: &mut DeriveInput) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    let named_type_options =
+        NamedTypeOptions::from_attributes(&input.attrs[..]).map_err(darling_to_syn)?;
+    let full_schema_name = vec![named_type_options.namespace, Some(input.ident.to_string())]
+        .into_iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+        .join(".");
+    let schema_def = match &input.data {
+        syn::Data::Struct(s) => get_data_struct_schema_def(
+            &full_schema_name,
+            named_type_options
+                .doc
+                .or_else(|| extract_outer_doc(&input.attrs)),
+            named_type_options.alias,
+            s,
+            input.ident.span(),
+        )?,
+        syn::Data::Enum(e) => get_data_enum_schema_def(
+            &full_schema_name,
+            named_type_options
+                .doc
+                .or_else(|| extract_outer_doc(&input.attrs)),
+            named_type_options.alias,
+            e,
+            input.ident.span(),
+        )?,
+        _ => {
+            return Err(vec![syn::Error::new(
+                input.ident.span(),
+                "AvroSchema derive only works for structs and simple enums ",
+            )])
+        }
+    };
+    let ident = &input.ident;
+    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = input.generics.split_for_impl();
+    Ok(quote! {
+        impl #impl_generics apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+            fn get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas: &mut std::collections::HashMap<apache_avro::schema::Name, apache_avro::schema::Schema>, enclosing_namespace: &Option<String>) -> apache_avro::schema::Schema {
+                let name =  apache_avro::schema::Name::new(#full_schema_name).expect(&format!("Unable to parse schema name {}", #full_schema_name)[..]).fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                let enclosing_namespace = &name.namespace;
+                if named_schemas.contains_key(&name) {
+                    apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref{name: name.clone()}
+                } else {
+                    named_schemas.insert(name.clone(), apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref{name: name.clone()});
+                    #schema_def
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn get_data_struct_schema_def(
+    full_schema_name: &str,
+    record_doc: Option<String>,
+    aliases: Vec<String>,
+    s: &syn::DataStruct,
+    error_span: Span,
+) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    let mut record_field_exprs = vec![];
+    match s.fields {
+        syn::Fields::Named(ref a) => {
+            let mut index: usize = 0;
+            for field in a.named.iter() {
+                let mut name = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap().to_string(); // we know everything has a name
+                if let Some(raw_name) = name.strip_prefix("r#") {
+                    name = raw_name.to_string();
+                }
+                let field_attrs =
+                    FieldOptions::from_attributes(&field.attrs[..]).map_err(darling_to_syn)?;
+                let doc =
+                    preserve_optional(field_attrs.doc.or_else(|| extract_outer_doc(&field.attrs)));
+                if let Some(rename) = field_attrs.rename {
+                    name = rename
+                }
+                if let Some(true) = field_attrs.skip {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let default_value = match field_attrs.default {
+                    Some(default_value) => {
+                        let _: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&default_value[..])
+                            .map_err(|e| {
+                                vec![syn::Error::new(
+                                    field.ident.span(),
+                                    format!("Invalid avro default json: \n{e}"),
+                                )]
+                            })?;
+                        quote! {
+                            Some(serde_json::from_str(#default_value).expect(format!("Invalid JSON: {:?}", #default_value).as_str()))
+                        }
+                    }
+                    None => quote! { None },
+                };
+                let aliases = preserve_vec(field_attrs.alias);
+                let schema_expr = type_to_schema_expr(&field.ty)?;
+                let position = index;
+                record_field_exprs.push(quote! {
+                    apache_avro::schema::RecordField {
+                            name: #name.to_string(),
+                            doc: #doc,
+                            default: #default_value,
+                            aliases: #aliases,
+                            schema: #schema_expr,
+                            order: apache_avro::schema::RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
+                            position: #position,
+                            custom_attributes: Default::default(),
+                        }
+                });
+                index += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        syn::Fields::Unnamed(_) => {
+            return Err(vec![syn::Error::new(
+                error_span,
+                "AvroSchema derive does not work for tuple structs",
+            )])
+        }
+        syn::Fields::Unit => {
+            return Err(vec![syn::Error::new(
+                error_span,
+                "AvroSchema derive does not work for unit structs",
+            )])
+        }
+    }
+    let record_doc = preserve_optional(record_doc);
+    let record_aliases = preserve_vec(aliases);
+    Ok(quote! {
+        let schema_fields = vec![#(#record_field_exprs),*];
+        let name = apache_avro::schema::Name::new(#full_schema_name).expect(&format!("Unable to parse struct name for schema {}", #full_schema_name)[..]);
+        let lookup: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, usize> = schema_fields
+            .iter()
+            .map(|field| (field.name.to_owned(), field.position))
+            .collect();
+        apache_avro::schema::Schema::Record(apache_avro::schema::RecordSchema {
+            name,
+            aliases: #record_aliases,
+            doc: #record_doc,
+            fields: schema_fields,
+            lookup,
+            attributes: Default::default(),
+        })
+    })
+}
+
+fn get_data_enum_schema_def(
+    full_schema_name: &str,
+    doc: Option<String>,
+    aliases: Vec<String>,
+    e: &syn::DataEnum,
+    error_span: Span,
+) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    let doc = preserve_optional(doc);
+    let enum_aliases = preserve_vec(aliases);
+    if e.variants.iter().all(|v| syn::Fields::Unit == v.fields) {
+        let default_value = default_enum_variant(e, error_span)?;
+        let default = preserve_optional(default_value);
+        let symbols: Vec<String> = e
+            .variants
+            .iter()
+            .map(|variant| variant.ident.to_string())
+            .collect();
+        Ok(quote! {
+            apache_avro::schema::Schema::Enum(apache_avro::schema::EnumSchema {
+                name: apache_avro::schema::Name::new(#full_schema_name).expect(&format!("Unable to parse enum name for schema {}", #full_schema_name)[..]),
+                aliases: #enum_aliases,
+                doc: #doc,
+                symbols: vec![#(#symbols.to_owned()),*],
+                default: #default,
+                attributes: Default::default(),
+            })
+        })
+    } else {
+        Err(vec![syn::Error::new(
+            error_span,
+            "AvroSchema derive does not work for enums with non unit structs",
+        )])
+    }
+}
+
+/// Takes in the Tokens of a type and returns the tokens of an expression with return type `Schema`
+fn type_to_schema_expr(ty: &Type) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    if let Type::Path(p) = ty {
+        let type_string = p.path.segments.last().unwrap().ident.to_string();
+
+        let schema = match &type_string[..] {
+            "bool" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::Boolean},
+            "i8" | "i16" | "i32" | "u8" | "u16" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::Int},
+            "u32" | "i64" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::Long},
+            "f32" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::Float},
+            "f64" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::Double},
+            "String" | "str" => quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::String},
+            "char" => {
+                return Err(vec![syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                    ty,
+                    "AvroSchema: Cannot guarantee successful deserialization of this type",
+                )])
+            }
+            "u64" => {
+                return Err(vec![syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                ty,
+                "Cannot guarantee successful serialization of this type due to overflow concerns",
+            )])
+            } // Can't guarantee serialization type
+            _ => {
+                // Fails when the type does not implement AvroSchemaComponent directly
+                // TODO check and error report with something like https://docs.rs/quote/1.0.15/quote/macro.quote_spanned.html#example
+                type_path_schema_expr(p)
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(schema)
+    } else if let Type::Array(ta) = ty {
+        let inner_schema_expr = type_to_schema_expr(&ta.elem)?;
+        Ok(quote! {apache_avro::schema::Schema::array(#inner_schema_expr)})
+    } else if let Type::Reference(tr) = ty {
+        type_to_schema_expr(&tr.elem)
+    } else {
+        Err(vec![syn::Error::new_spanned(
+            ty,
+            format!("Unable to generate schema for type: {ty:?}"),
+        )])
+    }
+}
+
+fn default_enum_variant(
+    data_enum: &syn::DataEnum,
+    error_span: Span,
+) -> Result<Option<String>, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    match data_enum
+        .variants
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|v| v.attrs.iter().any(is_default_attr))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        variants if variants.is_empty() => Ok(None),
+        single if single.len() == 1 => Ok(Some(single[0].ident.to_string())),
+        multiple => Err(vec![syn::Error::new(
+            error_span,
+            format!(
+                "Multiple defaults defined: {:?}",
+                multiple
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|v| v.ident.to_string())
+                    .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+            ),
+        )]),
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_default_attr(attr: &Attribute) -> bool {
+    matches!(attr, Attribute { meta: Meta::Path(path), .. } if path.get_ident().map(Ident::to_string).as_deref() == Some("default"))
+}
+
+/// Generates the schema def expression for fully qualified type paths using the associated function
+/// - `A -> <A as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt()`
+/// - `A<T> -> <A<T> as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt()`
+fn type_path_schema_expr(p: &TypePath) -> TokenStream {
+    quote! {<#p as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)}
+}
+
+/// Stolen from serde
+fn to_compile_errors(errors: Vec<syn::Error>) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let compile_errors = errors.iter().map(syn::Error::to_compile_error);
+    quote!(#(#compile_errors)*)
+}
+
+fn extract_outer_doc(attributes: &[Attribute]) -> Option<String> {
+    let doc = attributes
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|attr| attr.style == AttrStyle::Outer && attr.path().is_ident("doc"))
+        .filter_map(|attr| {
+            let name_value = attr.meta.require_name_value();
+            match name_value {
+                Ok(name_value) => match &name_value.value {
+                    syn::Expr::Lit(expr_lit) => match expr_lit.lit {
+                        syn::Lit::Str(ref lit_str) => Some(lit_str.value().trim().to_string()),
+                        _ => None,
+                    },
+                    _ => None,
+                },
+                Err(_) => None,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+        .join("\n");
+    if doc.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(doc)
+    }
+}
+
+fn preserve_optional(op: Option<impl quote::ToTokens>) -> TokenStream {
+    match op {
+        Some(tt) => quote! {Some(#tt.into())},
+        None => quote! {None},
+    }
+}
+
+fn preserve_vec(op: Vec<impl quote::ToTokens>) -> TokenStream {
+    let items: Vec<TokenStream> = op.iter().map(|tt| quote! {#tt.into()}).collect();
+    if items.is_empty() {
+        quote! {None}
+    } else {
+        quote! {Some(vec![#(#items),*])}
+    }
+}
+
+fn darling_to_syn(e: darling::Error) -> Vec<syn::Error> {
+    let msg = format!("{e}");
+    let token_errors = e.write_errors();
+    vec![syn::Error::new(token_errors.span(), msg)]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn basic_case() {
+        let test_struct = quote! {
+            struct A {
+                a: i32,
+                b: String
+            }
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_ok())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tuple_struct_unsupported() {
+        let test_tuple_struct = quote! {
+            struct B (i32, String);
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_tuple_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_err())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unit_struct_unsupported() {
+        let test_tuple_struct = quote! {
+            struct AbsoluteUnit;
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_tuple_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_err())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn struct_with_optional() {
+        let struct_with_optional = quote! {
+            struct Test4 {
+                a : Option<i32>
+            }
+        };
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(struct_with_optional) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_ok())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_enum() {
+        let basic_enum = quote! {
+            enum Basic {
+                A,
+                B,
+                C,
+                D
+            }
+        };
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(basic_enum) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_ok())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3687_basic_enum_with_default() {
+        let basic_enum = quote! {
+            enum Basic {
+                #[default]
+                A,
+                B,
+                C,
+                D
+            }
+        };
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(basic_enum) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                let derived = derive_avro_schema(&mut input);
+                assert!(derived.is_ok());
+                assert_eq!(derived.unwrap().to_string(), quote! {
+                    impl apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent for Basic {
+                        fn get_schema_in_ctxt(
+                            named_schemas: &mut std::collections::HashMap<
+                                apache_avro::schema::Name,
+                                apache_avro::schema::Schema
+                            >,
+                            enclosing_namespace: &Option<String>
+                        ) -> apache_avro::schema::Schema {
+                            let name = apache_avro::schema::Name::new("Basic")
+                                .expect(&format!("Unable to parse schema name {}", "Basic")[..])
+                                .fully_qualified_name(enclosing_namespace);
+                            let enclosing_namespace = &name.namespace;
+                            if named_schemas.contains_key(&name) {
+                                apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref { name: name.clone() }
+                            } else {
+                                named_schemas.insert(
+                                    name.clone(),
+                                    apache_avro::schema::Schema::Ref { name: name.clone() }
+                                );
+                                apache_avro::schema::Schema::Enum(apache_avro::schema::EnumSchema {
+                                    name: apache_avro::schema::Name::new("Basic").expect(
+                                        &format!("Unable to parse enum name for schema {}", "Basic")[..]
+                                    ),
+                                    aliases: None,
+                                    doc: None,
+                                    symbols: vec![
+                                        "A".to_owned(),
+                                        "B".to_owned(),
+                                        "C".to_owned(),
+                                        "D".to_owned()
+                                    ],
+                                    default: Some("A".into()),
+                                    attributes: Default::default(),
+                                })
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }.to_string());
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3687_basic_enum_with_default_twice() {
+        let non_basic_enum = quote! {
+            enum Basic {
+                #[default]
+                A,
+                B,
+                #[default]
+                C,
+                D
+            }
+        };
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(non_basic_enum) {
+            Ok(mut input) => match derive_avro_schema(&mut input) {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    panic!("Should not be able to derive schema for enum with multiple defaults")
+                }
+                Err(errors) => {
+                    assert_eq!(errors.len(), 1);
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        errors[0].to_string(),
+                        r#"Multiple defaults defined: ["A", "C"]"#
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_non_basic_enum() {
+        let non_basic_enum = quote! {
+            enum Basic {
+                A(i32),
+                B,
+                C,
+                D
+            }
+        };
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(non_basic_enum) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_err())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_namespace() {
+        let test_struct = quote! {
+            #[avro(namespace = "namespace.testing")]
+            struct A {
+                a: i32,
+                b: String
+            }
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                let schema_token_stream = derive_avro_schema(&mut input);
+                assert!(&schema_token_stream.is_ok());
+                assert!(schema_token_stream
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .to_string()
+                    .contains("namespace.testing"))
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reference() {
+        let test_reference_struct = quote! {
+            struct A<'a> {
+                a: &'a Vec<i32>,
+                b: &'static str
+            }
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_reference_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                assert!(derive_avro_schema(&mut input).is_ok())
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_trait_cast() {
+        assert_eq!(type_path_schema_expr(&syn::parse2::<TypePath>(quote!{i32}).unwrap()).to_string(), quote!{<i32 as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)}.to_string());
+        assert_eq!(type_path_schema_expr(&syn::parse2::<TypePath>(quote!{Vec<T>}).unwrap()).to_string(), quote!{<Vec<T> as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)}.to_string());
+        assert_eq!(type_path_schema_expr(&syn::parse2::<TypePath>(quote!{AnyType}).unwrap()).to_string(), quote!{<AnyType as apache_avro::schema::derive::AvroSchemaComponent>::get_schema_in_ctxt(named_schemas, enclosing_namespace)}.to_string());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3709_record_field_attributes() {
+        let test_struct = quote! {
+            struct A {
+                #[avro(alias = "a1", alias = "a2", doc = "a doc", default = "123", rename = "a3")]
+                a: i32
+            }
+        };
+
+        match syn::parse2::<DeriveInput>(test_struct) {
+            Ok(mut input) => {
+                let schema_res = derive_avro_schema(&mut input);
+                let expected_token_stream = r#"let schema_fields = vec ! [apache_avro :: schema :: RecordField { name : "a3" . to_string () , doc : Some ("a doc" . into ()) , default : Some (serde_json :: from_str ("123") . expect (format ! ("Invalid JSON: {:?}" , "123") . as_str ())) , aliases : Some (vec ! ["a1" . into () , "a2" . into ()]) , schema : apache_avro :: schema :: Schema :: Int , order : apache_avro :: schema :: RecordFieldOrder :: Ascending , position : 0usize , custom_attributes : Default :: default () , }] ;"#;
+                let schema_token_stream = schema_res.unwrap().to_string();
+                assert!(schema_token_stream.contains(expected_token_stream));
+            }
+            Err(error) => panic!(
+                "Failed to parse as derive input when it should be able to. Error: {error:?}"
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_derive/tests/derive.rs b/lang/rust/avro_derive/tests/derive.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec7a96d7560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_derive/tests/derive.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1598 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use apache_avro::{
+    from_value,
+    schema::{derive::AvroSchemaComponent, AvroSchema},
+    Reader, Schema, Writer,
+};
+use apache_avro_derive::*;
+use proptest::prelude::*;
+use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, ser::Serialize};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate serde;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test_derive {
+    use apache_avro::schema::{Alias, EnumSchema, RecordSchema};
+    use std::{borrow::Cow, sync::Mutex};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Takes in a type that implements the right combination of traits and runs it through a Serde Cycle and asserts the result is the same
+    fn serde_assert<T>(obj: T)
+    where
+        T: std::fmt::Debug + Serialize + DeserializeOwned + AvroSchema + Clone + PartialEq,
+    {
+        assert_eq!(obj, serde(obj.clone()));
+    }
+
+    fn serde<T>(obj: T) -> T
+    where
+        T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + AvroSchema,
+    {
+        de(ser(obj))
+    }
+
+    fn ser<T>(obj: T) -> Vec<u8>
+    where
+        T: Serialize + AvroSchema,
+    {
+        let schema = T::get_schema();
+        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
+        if let Err(e) = writer.append_ser(obj) {
+            panic!("{e:?}");
+        }
+        writer.into_inner().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn de<T>(encoded: Vec<u8>) -> T
+    where
+        T: DeserializeOwned + AvroSchema,
+    {
+        assert!(!encoded.is_empty());
+        let schema = T::get_schema();
+        let mut reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &encoded[..]).unwrap();
+        if let Some(res) = reader.next() {
+            match res {
+                Ok(value) => {
+                    return from_value::<T>(&value).unwrap();
+                }
+                Err(e) => panic!("{e:?}"),
+            }
+        }
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestBasic {
+        a: i32,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_smoke_test(a: i32, b: String) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasic",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasic::get_schema());
+        let test = TestBasic {
+            a,
+            b,
+        };
+        serde_assert(test);
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(namespace = "com.testing.namespace")]
+    struct TestBasicNamespace {
+        a: i32,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_namespace() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"com.testing.namespace.TestBasicNamespace",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicNamespace::get_schema());
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = TestBasicNamespace::get_schema() {
+            assert_eq!("com.testing.namespace".to_owned(), name.namespace.unwrap())
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicNamespace schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(namespace = "com.testing.complex.namespace")]
+    struct TestComplexNamespace {
+        a: TestBasicNamespace,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_complex_namespace() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"com.testing.complex.namespace.TestComplexNamespace",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name":"com.testing.namespace.TestBasicNamespace",
+                        "fields":[
+                            {
+                                "name":"a",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"b",
+                                "type":"string"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestComplexNamespace::get_schema());
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) =
+            TestComplexNamespace::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!(
+                "com.testing.complex.namespace".to_owned(),
+                name.namespace.unwrap()
+            );
+            let inner_schema = fields
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|field| field.name == "a")
+                .map(|field| &field.schema)
+                .next();
+            if let Some(Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. })) = inner_schema {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    "com.testing.namespace".to_owned(),
+                    name.namespace.clone().unwrap()
+                )
+            } else {
+                panic!("Field 'a' must have a record schema")
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestComplexNamespace schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestAllSupportedBaseTypes {
+        //Basics test
+        a: bool,
+        b: i8,
+        c: i16,
+        d: i32,
+        e: u8,
+        f: u16,
+        g: i64,
+        h: f32,
+        i: f64,
+        j: String,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_types(a: bool, b: i8, c: i16, d: i32, e: u8, f: u16, g: i64, h: f32, i: f64, j: String) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestAllSupportedBaseTypes",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": "boolean"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"d",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"e",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"f",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"g",
+                    "type":"long"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"h",
+                    "type":"float"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"i",
+                    "type":"double"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"j",
+                    "type":"string"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestAllSupportedBaseTypes::get_schema());
+        let all_basic = TestAllSupportedBaseTypes {
+            a,
+            b,
+            c,
+            d,
+            e,
+            f,
+            g,
+            h,
+            i,
+            j,
+        };
+        serde_assert(all_basic);
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestNested {
+        a: i32,
+        b: TestAllSupportedBaseTypes,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_inner_struct(a: bool, b: i8, c: i16, d: i32, e: u8, f: u16, g: i64, h: f32, i: f64, j: String, aa: i32) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestNested",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name":"TestAllSupportedBaseTypes",
+                        "fields":[
+                            {
+                                "name":"a",
+                                "type": "boolean"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"b",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"c",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"d",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"e",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"f",
+                                "type":"int"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"g",
+                                "type":"long"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"h",
+                                "type":"float"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"i",
+                                "type":"double"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"j",
+                                "type":"string"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestNested::get_schema());
+        let all_basic = TestAllSupportedBaseTypes {
+            a,
+            b,
+            c,
+            d,
+            e,
+            f,
+            g,
+            h,
+            i,
+            j,
+        };
+        let inner_struct = TestNested {
+            a: aa,
+            b: all_basic,
+        };
+        serde_assert(inner_struct);
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestOptional {
+        a: Option<i32>,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_optional_field_some(a: i32) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestOptional",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":["null","int"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestOptional::get_schema());
+        let optional_field = TestOptional { a: Some(a) };
+        serde_assert(optional_field);
+    }}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_optional_field_none() {
+        let optional_field = TestOptional { a: None };
+        serde_assert(optional_field);
+    }
+
+    /// Generic Containers
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestGeneric<T: AvroSchemaComponent> {
+        a: String,
+        b: Vec<T>,
+        c: HashMap<String, T>,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generic_container_1(a: String, b: Vec<i32>, c: HashMap<String, i32>) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestGeneric",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"string"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"int"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"int"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestGeneric::<i32>::get_schema());
+        let test_generic = TestGeneric::<i32> {
+            a,
+            b,
+            c,
+        };
+        serde_assert(test_generic);
+    }}
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generic_container_2(a: bool, b: i8, c: i16, d: i32, e: u8, f: u16, g: i64, h: f32, i: f64, j: String) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestGeneric",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"string"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":{
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"TestAllSupportedBaseTypes",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"a",
+                                    "type": "boolean"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"b",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"c",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"d",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"e",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"f",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"g",
+                                    "type":"long"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"h",
+                                    "type":"float"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"i",
+                                    "type":"double"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"j",
+                                    "type":"string"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"TestAllSupportedBaseTypes"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            schema,
+            TestGeneric::<TestAllSupportedBaseTypes>::get_schema()
+        );
+        let test_generic = TestGeneric::<TestAllSupportedBaseTypes> {
+            a: "testing".to_owned(),
+            b: vec![TestAllSupportedBaseTypes {
+                a,
+                b,
+                c,
+                d,
+                e,
+                f,
+                g,
+                h,
+                i,
+                j: j.clone(),
+            }],
+            c: vec![(
+                "key".to_owned(),
+                TestAllSupportedBaseTypes {
+                    a,
+                    b,
+                    c,
+                    d,
+                    e,
+                    f,
+                    g,
+                    h,
+                    i,
+                    j,
+                },
+            )]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect(),
+        };
+        serde_assert(test_generic);
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    enum TestAllowedEnum {
+        A,
+        B,
+        C,
+        D,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestAllowedEnumNested {
+        a: TestAllowedEnum,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enum() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestAllowedEnumNested",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"enum",
+                        "name":"TestAllowedEnum",
+                        "symbols":["A","B","C","D"]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestAllowedEnumNested::get_schema());
+        let enum_included = TestAllowedEnumNested {
+            a: TestAllowedEnum::B,
+            b: "hey".to_owned(),
+        };
+        serde_assert(enum_included);
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct ConsList {
+        value: i32,
+        next: Option<Box<ConsList>>,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cons() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"ConsList",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"value",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"next",
+                    "type":["null","ConsList"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, ConsList::get_schema());
+        let list = ConsList {
+            value: 34,
+            next: Some(Box::new(ConsList {
+                value: 42,
+                next: None,
+            })),
+        };
+        serde_assert(list)
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct ConsListGeneric<T: AvroSchemaComponent> {
+        value: T,
+        next: Option<Box<ConsListGeneric<T>>>,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cons_generic() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"ConsListGeneric",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"value",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"record",
+                        "name":"TestAllowedEnumNested",
+                        "fields":[
+                            {
+                                "name":"a",
+                                "type": {
+                                    "type":"enum",
+                                    "name":"TestAllowedEnum",
+                                    "symbols":["A","B","C","D"]
+                                }
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name":"b",
+                                "type":"string"
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"next",
+                    "type":["null","ConsListGeneric"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            schema,
+            ConsListGeneric::<TestAllowedEnumNested>::get_schema()
+        );
+        let list = ConsListGeneric::<TestAllowedEnumNested> {
+            value: TestAllowedEnumNested {
+                a: TestAllowedEnum::B,
+                b: "testing".into(),
+            },
+            next: Some(Box::new(ConsListGeneric::<TestAllowedEnumNested> {
+                value: TestAllowedEnumNested {
+                    a: TestAllowedEnum::D,
+                    b: "testing2".into(),
+                },
+                next: None,
+            })),
+        };
+        serde_assert(list)
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestSimpleArray {
+        a: [i32; 4],
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_simple_array(a: [i32; 4]) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestSimpleArray",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"int"
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestSimpleArray::get_schema());
+        let test = TestSimpleArray { a };
+        serde_assert(test)
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestComplexArray<T: AvroSchemaComponent> {
+        a: [T; 2],
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_complex_array() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestComplexArray",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":{
+                            "type":"record",
+                            "name":"TestBasic",
+                            "fields":[
+                                {
+                                    "name":"a",
+                                    "type":"int"
+                                },
+                                {
+                                    "name":"b",
+                                    "type":"string"
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestComplexArray::<TestBasic>::get_schema());
+        let test = TestComplexArray::<TestBasic> {
+            a: [
+                TestBasic {
+                    a: 27,
+                    b: "foo".to_owned(),
+                },
+                TestBasic {
+                    a: 28,
+                    b: "bar".to_owned(),
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+        serde_assert(test)
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct Testu8 {
+        a: Vec<u8>,
+        b: [u8; 2],
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bytes_handled(a: Vec<u8>, b: [u8; 2]) {
+        let test = Testu8 {
+            a,
+            b,
+        };
+        serde_assert(test)
+        // don't check for schema equality to allow for transitioning to bytes or fixed types in the future
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema)]
+    struct TestSmartPointers<'a> {
+        a: String,
+        b: Mutex<Vec<i64>>,
+        c: Cow<'a, i32>,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_smart_pointers() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestSmartPointers",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": "string"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"long"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type":"int"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestSmartPointers::get_schema());
+        let test = TestSmartPointers {
+            a: "hey".into(),
+            b: Mutex::new(vec![42]),
+            c: Cow::Owned(32),
+        };
+        // test serde with manual equality for mutex
+        let test = serde(test);
+        assert_eq!("hey", test.a);
+        assert_eq!(vec![42], *test.b.lock().unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(Cow::Owned::<i32>(32), test.c);
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+    struct TestReference<'a> {
+        a: &'a Vec<i32>,
+        b: &'static str,
+        c: &'a f64,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reference_struct(a: Vec<i32>, c: f64) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestReference",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type": {
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"int"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type":"double"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestReference::get_schema());
+        // let a = vec![34];
+        // let c = 4.55555555_f64;
+        let test = TestReference {
+            a: &a,
+            b: "testing_static",
+            c: &c,
+        };
+        ser(test);
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(namespace = "com.testing.namespace", doc = "A Documented Record")]
+    struct TestBasicWithAttributes {
+        #[avro(doc = "Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        a: i32,
+        #[avro(doc = "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_with_attributes() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"com.testing.namespace.TestBasicWithAttributes",
+            "doc":"A Documented Record",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int",
+                    "doc":"Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "doc": "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, doc, .. }) =
+            TestBasicWithAttributes::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("com.testing.namespace".to_owned(), name.namespace.unwrap());
+            assert_eq!("A Documented Record", doc.unwrap())
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicWithAttributes schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicWithAttributes::get_schema());
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(namespace = "com.testing.namespace")]
+    /// A Documented Record
+    struct TestBasicWithOuterDocAttributes {
+        #[avro(doc = "Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        a: i32,
+        #[avro(doc = "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_with_out_doc_attributes() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"com.testing.namespace.TestBasicWithOuterDocAttributes",
+            "doc":"A Documented Record",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int",
+                    "doc":"Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "doc": "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let derived_schema = TestBasicWithOuterDocAttributes::get_schema();
+        assert_eq!(&schema, &derived_schema);
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, doc, .. }) = derived_schema {
+            assert_eq!("com.testing.namespace".to_owned(), name.namespace.unwrap());
+            assert_eq!("A Documented Record", doc.unwrap())
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicWithOuterDocAttributes schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(namespace = "com.testing.namespace")]
+    /// A Documented Record
+    /// that spans
+    /// multiple lines
+    struct TestBasicWithLargeDoc {
+        #[avro(doc = "Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        a: i32,
+        #[avro(doc = "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody")]
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_with_large_doc() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"com.testing.namespace.TestBasicWithLargeDoc",
+            "doc":"A Documented Record",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int",
+                    "doc":"Milliseconds since Queen released Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "doc": "Full lyrics of Bohemian Rhapsody"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, doc, .. }) = TestBasicWithLargeDoc::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("com.testing.namespace".to_owned(), name.namespace.unwrap());
+            assert_eq!(
+                "A Documented Record\nthat spans\nmultiple lines",
+                doc.unwrap()
+            )
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicWithLargeDoc schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicWithLargeDoc::get_schema());
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestBasicWithBool {
+        a: bool,
+        b: Option<bool>,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3634_test_basic_with_bool(a in any::<bool>(), b in any::<Option<bool>>()) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicWithBool",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"boolean"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":["null","boolean"]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let derived_schema = TestBasicWithBool::get_schema();
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = derived_schema {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicWithBool", name.fullname(None))
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicWithBool schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicWithBool::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicWithBool { a, b });
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct TestBasicWithU32 {
+        a: u32,
+    }
+
+    proptest! {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_with_u32(a in any::<u32>()) {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicWithU32",
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"long"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, .. }) = TestBasicWithU32::get_schema() {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicWithU32", name.fullname(None))
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicWithU32 schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicWithU32::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicWithU32 { a });
+    }}
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(alias = "a", alias = "b", alias = "c")]
+    struct TestBasicStructWithAliases {
+        a: i32,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_struct_with_aliases() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicStructWithAliases",
+            "aliases":["a", "b", "c"],
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, aliases, .. }) =
+            TestBasicStructWithAliases::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicStructWithAliases", name.fullname(None));
+            assert_eq!(
+                Some(vec![
+                    Alias::new("a").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("b").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("c").unwrap()
+                ]),
+                aliases
+            );
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicStructWithAliases schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicStructWithAliases::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicStructWithAliases { a: i32::MAX });
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(alias = "d")]
+    #[avro(alias = "e")]
+    #[avro(alias = "f")]
+    struct TestBasicStructWithAliases2 {
+        a: i32,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_struct_with_aliases2() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicStructWithAliases2",
+            "aliases":["d", "e", "f"],
+            "fields":[
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, aliases, .. }) =
+            TestBasicStructWithAliases2::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicStructWithAliases2", name.fullname(None));
+            assert_eq!(
+                Some(vec![
+                    Alias::new("d").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("e").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("f").unwrap()
+                ]),
+                aliases
+            );
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicStructWithAliases2 schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicStructWithAliases2::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicStructWithAliases2 { a: i32::MAX });
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(alias = "a", alias = "b", alias = "c")]
+    enum TestBasicEnumWithAliases {
+        A,
+        B,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_enum_with_aliases() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"enum",
+            "name":"TestBasicEnumWithAliases",
+            "aliases":["a", "b", "c"],
+            "symbols":[
+                "A",
+                "B"
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { name, aliases, .. }) =
+            TestBasicEnumWithAliases::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicEnumWithAliases", name.fullname(None));
+            assert_eq!(
+                Some(vec![
+                    Alias::new("a").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("b").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("c").unwrap()
+                ]),
+                aliases
+            );
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicEnumWithAliases schema must be an enum schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicEnumWithAliases::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicEnumWithAliases::A);
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    #[avro(alias = "d")]
+    #[avro(alias = "e")]
+    #[avro(alias = "f")]
+    enum TestBasicEnumWithAliases2 {
+        A,
+        B,
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_enum_with_aliases2() {
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"enum",
+            "name":"TestBasicEnumWithAliases2",
+            "aliases":["d", "e", "f"],
+            "symbols":[
+                "A",
+                "B"
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Enum(EnumSchema { name, aliases, .. }) =
+            TestBasicEnumWithAliases2::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicEnumWithAliases2", name.fullname(None));
+            assert_eq!(
+                Some(vec![
+                    Alias::new("d").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("e").unwrap(),
+                    Alias::new("f").unwrap()
+                ]),
+                aliases
+            );
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicEnumWithAliases2 schema must be an enum schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicEnumWithAliases2::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicEnumWithAliases2::B);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_struct_with_defaults() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        enum MyEnum {
+            Foo,
+            Bar,
+            Baz,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        struct TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues {
+            #[avro(default = "123")]
+            a: i32,
+            #[avro(default = r#""The default value for 'b'""#)]
+            b: String,
+            #[avro(default = "true")]
+            condition: bool,
+            // no default value for 'c'
+            c: f64,
+            #[avro(default = r#"{"a": 1, "b": 2}"#)]
+            map: HashMap<String, i32>,
+
+            #[avro(default = "[1, 2, 3]")]
+            array: Vec<i32>,
+
+            #[avro(default = r#""Foo""#)]
+            myenum: MyEnum,
+        }
+
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"int",
+                    "default":123
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"string",
+                    "default": "The default value for 'b'"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"condition",
+                    "type":"boolean",
+                    "default":true
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c",
+                    "type":"double"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"map",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"map",
+                        "values":"int"
+                    },
+                    "default": {
+                        "a": 1,
+                        "b": 2
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"array",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"int"
+                    },
+                    "default": [1, 2, 3]
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"myenum",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"enum",
+                        "name":"MyEnum",
+                        "symbols":["Foo", "Bar", "Baz"]
+                    },
+                    "default":"Foo"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) =
+            TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues::get_schema()
+        {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues", name.fullname(None));
+            use serde_json::json;
+            for field in fields {
+                match field.name.as_str() {
+                    "a" => assert_eq!(Some(json!(123_i32)), field.default),
+                    "b" => assert_eq!(
+                        Some(json!(r#"The default value for 'b'"#.to_owned())),
+                        field.default
+                    ),
+                    "condition" => assert_eq!(Some(json!(true)), field.default),
+                    "array" => assert_eq!(Some(json!([1, 2, 3])), field.default),
+                    "map" => assert_eq!(
+                        Some(json!({
+                            "a": 1,
+                            "b": 2
+                        })),
+                        field.default
+                    ),
+                    "c" => assert_eq!(None, field.default),
+                    "myenum" => assert_eq!(Some(json!("Foo")), field.default),
+                    _ => panic!("Unexpected field name"),
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues schema must be a record schema")
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues::get_schema());
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicStructWithDefaultValues {
+            a: 321,
+            b: "A custom value for 'b'".to_owned(),
+            condition: false,
+            c: 987.654,
+            map: [("a".to_owned(), 1), ("b".to_owned(), 2)]
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+                .collect(),
+            array: vec![4, 5, 6],
+            myenum: MyEnum::Bar,
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3633_test_basic_struct_with_skip_attribute() {
+        // Note: If using the skip attribute together with serialization,
+        // the serde's skip attribute needs also to be added
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        struct TestBasicStructNoSchema {
+            field: bool,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        struct TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute {
+            #[avro(skip)]
+            #[serde(skip)]
+            condition: bool,
+            #[avro(skip = false)]
+            a: f64,
+            #[avro(skip)]
+            #[serde(skip)]
+            map: HashMap<String, i32>,
+            array: Vec<i32>,
+            #[avro(skip = true)]
+            #[serde(skip)]
+            mystruct: TestBasicStructNoSchema,
+            b: i32,
+        }
+
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a",
+                    "type":"double"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"array",
+                    "type":{
+                        "type":"array",
+                        "items":"int"
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"int"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let derived_schema = TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute::get_schema();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) = &derived_schema {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute", name.fullname(None));
+            for field in fields {
+                match field.name.as_str() {
+                    "condition" => panic!("Unexpected field 'condition'"),
+                    "mystruct" => panic!("Unexpected field 'mystruct'"),
+                    "map" => panic!("Unexpected field 'map'"),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!(
+                "TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute schema must be a record schema: {derived_schema:?}"
+            )
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, derived_schema);
+
+        // Note: If serde's `skip` attribute is used on a field, the field's type
+        // needs the trait 'Default' to be implemented, since it is skipping the serialization process.
+        // Copied or cloned objects within 'serde_assert()' doesn't "copy" (serialize/deserialze)
+        // these fields, so no values are initialized here for skipped fields.
+        serde_assert(TestBasicStructWithSkipAttribute {
+            condition: bool::default(), // <- skipped
+            a: 987.654,
+            map: HashMap::default(), // <- skipped
+            array: vec![4, 5, 6],
+            mystruct: TestBasicStructNoSchema::default(), // <- skipped
+            b: 321,
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3633_test_basic_struct_with_rename_attribute() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        struct TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute {
+            #[avro(rename = "a1")]
+            #[serde(rename = "a1")]
+            a: bool,
+            b: i32,
+            #[avro(rename = "c1")]
+            #[serde(rename = "c1")]
+            c: f32,
+        }
+
+        let schema = r#"
+        {
+            "type":"record",
+            "name":"TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name":"a1",
+                    "type":"boolean"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"b",
+                    "type":"int"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name":"c1",
+                    "type":"float"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        "#;
+
+        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema).unwrap();
+        let derived_schema = TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute::get_schema();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { name, fields, .. }) = &derived_schema {
+            assert_eq!("TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute", name.fullname(None));
+            for field in fields {
+                match field.name.as_str() {
+                    "a" => panic!("Unexpected field name 'a': must be 'a1'"),
+                    "c" => panic!("Unexpected field name 'c': must be 'c1'"),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!(
+                "TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute schema must be a record schema: {derived_schema:?}"
+            )
+        }
+        assert_eq!(schema, derived_schema);
+
+        serde_assert(TestBasicStructWithRenameAttribute {
+            a: true,
+            b: 321,
+            c: 987.654,
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_avro_3663_raw_identifier_field_name() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, AvroSchema, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        struct TestRawIdent {
+            r#type: bool,
+        }
+
+        let derived_schema = TestRawIdent::get_schema();
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. }) = derived_schema {
+            let field = fields.first().expect("TestRawIdent must contain a field");
+            assert_eq!(field.name, "type");
+        } else {
+            panic!("Unexpected schema type for {derived_schema:?}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn avro_3962_fields_documentation() {
+        /// Foo docs
+        #[derive(AvroSchema)]
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        struct Foo {
+            /// a's Rustdoc
+            a: i32,
+            /// b's Rustdoc
+            #[avro(doc = "attribute doc has priority over Rustdoc")]
+            b: i32,
+        }
+
+        if let Schema::Record(RecordSchema { fields, .. }) = Foo::get_schema() {
+            assert_eq!(fields[0].doc, Some("a's Rustdoc".to_string()));
+            assert_eq!(
+                fields[1].doc,
+                Some("attribute doc has priority over Rustdoc".to_string())
+            );
+        } else {
+            panic!("Unexpected schema type for Foo")
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be04e089887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[package]
+name = "apache-avro-test-helper"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+description = "Apache Avro tests helper."
+authors.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+keywords = ["avro", "data", "serialization", "test"]
+categories.workspace = true
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/apache-avro-test-helper"
+readme = "README.md"
+
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.86", features = ["std"] }
+better-panic = { default-features = false, version = "0.3.0" }
+ctor = { default-features = false, version = "0.2.8" }
+env_logger = { default-features = false, version = "0.10.2" }
+log = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/README.md b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..924516922d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!---
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  distributed with this work for additional information
+  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+
+# Avro Test Helper
+
+A module that provides several test related goodies to the other Avro crates:
+
+### Custom Logger
+
+The logger:
+
+* collects the logged messages, so that a test could assert what has been logged
+* delegates to env_logger so that they printed on the stderr
+
+### Colorized Backtraces
+
+Uses `color-backtrace` to make the backtraces easier to read.
+
+# Setup
+
+### Unit tests
+
+The module is automatically setup for all unit tests when this crate is listed as a `[dev-dependency]` in Cargo.toml.
+
+### Integration tests
+
+Since integration tests are actually crates without Cargo.toml, the test author needs to call `test_logger::init()` in the beginning of a test.
+
+# Usage
+
+To assert that a given message was logged, use the `assert_logged` function.
+```rust
+apache_avro_test_helper::logger::assert_logged("An expected message");
+```
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/data.rs b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..662df23d3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Provides a set of Avro schema examples that are used in the tests.
+
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+pub const PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#""null""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "null"}"#, true),
+    (r#""boolean""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "boolean"}"#, true),
+    (r#""string""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "string"}"#, true),
+    (r#""bytes""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "bytes"}"#, true),
+    (r#""int""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "int"}"#, true),
+    (r#""long""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "long"}"#, true),
+    (r#""float""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "float"}"#, true),
+    (r#""double""#, true),
+    (r#"{"type": "double"}"#, true),
+    (r#""true""#, false),
+    (r#"true"#, false),
+    (r#"{"no_type": "test"}"#, false),
+    (r#"{"type": "panther"}"#, false),
+];
+
+pub const FIXED_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}"#, true),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "MyFixed",
+                "namespace": "org.apache.hadoop.avro",
+                "size": 1
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "MissingSize"}"#, false),
+    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "size": 314}"#, false),
+];
+
+pub const ENUM_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": "Status",
+                "symbols": "Normal Caution Critical"
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "enum",
+                "name": [ 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 ],
+                "symbols": ["Golden", "Mean"]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "enum",
+                "symbols" : ["I", "will", "fail", "no", "name"]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "enum",
+                 "name": "Test"
+                 "symbols" : ["AA", "AA"]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const ARRAY_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#, true),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "array",
+                 "items": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const MAP_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long"}"#, true),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "map",
+                "values": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const UNION_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"["string", "null", "long"]"#, true),
+    (r#"["null", "null"]"#, false),
+    (r#"["long", "long"]"#, false),
+    (
+        r#"[
+                {"type": "array", "items": "long"}
+                {"type": "array", "items": "string"}
+            ]"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    // Unions with default values
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["string", "long"], "default": "bar"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["long", "string"], "default": 1}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["null", "string"], "default": null}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["string", "long"], "default": 1}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["string", "null"], "default": null}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["null", "string"], "default": "null"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"name": "foo", "type": ["long", "string"], "default": "str"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const RECORD_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Test",
+                "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": "error",
+            "name": "Test",
+            "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]
+        }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Node",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "label", "type": "string"},
+                {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "Lisp",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "type": [
+                        "null", "string",
+                        {
+                            "type": "record",
+                            "name": "Cons",
+                            "fields": [
+                                {"name": "car", "type": "Lisp"},
+                                {"name": "cdr", "type": "Lisp"}
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "HandshakeRequest",
+            "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
+            "fields": [
+                {"name": "clientHash", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
+                {"name": "clientProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
+                {"name": "serverHash", "type": "MD5"},
+                {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"HandshakeResponse",
+                "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
+                "fields":[
+                    {
+                        "name":"match",
+                        "type":{
+                           "type":"enum",
+                           "name":"HandshakeMatch",
+                           "symbols":["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {"name":"serverProtocol", "type":["null", "string"]},
+                    {
+                        "name":"serverHash",
+                        "type":["null", {"name":"MD5", "size":16, "type":"fixed"}]
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name":"meta",
+                        "type":["null", {"type":"map", "values":"bytes"}]
+                    }
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type":"record",
+                "name":"HandshakeResponse",
+                "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
+                "fields":[
+                    {
+                        "name":"match",
+                        "type":{
+                            "type":"enum",
+                            "name":"HandshakeMatch",
+                            "symbols":["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {"name":"serverProtocol", "type":["null", "string"]},
+                    {
+                        "name":"serverHash",
+                        "type":["null", { "name":"MD5", "size":16, "type":"fixed"}]
+                    },
+                    {"name":"meta", "type":["null", { "type":"map", "values":"bytes"}]}
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    // Unions may not contain more than one schema with the same type, except for the named
+    // types record, fixed and enum. For example, unions containing two array types or two map
+    // types are not permitted, but two types with different names are permitted.
+    // (Names permit efficient resolution when reading and writing unions.)
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": "record",
+            "name": "ipAddr",
+            "fields": [
+                {
+                    "name": "addr",
+                    "type": [
+                        {"name": "IPv6", "type": "fixed", "size": 16},
+                        {"name": "IPv4", "type": "fixed", "size": 4}
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Address",
+                "fields": [
+                    {"type": "string"},
+                    {"type": "string", "name": "City"}
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "Event",
+                "fields": [{"name": "Sponsor"}, {"name": "City", "type": "string"}]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": "His vision, from the constantly passing bars,"
+                "name",
+                "Rainer"
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "name": ["Tom", "Jerry"],
+                "type": "record",
+                "fields": [{"name": "name", "type": "string"}]
+            }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const DOC_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "TestDoc",
+                "doc":  "Doc string",
+                "fields": [{"name": "name", "type": "string", "doc" : "Doc String"}]
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"], "doc": "Doc String"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1, "doc": "Fixed Doc String"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "record",
+                "name": "TestRecord",
+                "cp_string": "string",
+                "cp_int": 1,
+                "cp_array": [ 1, 2, 3, 4],
+                "fields": [
+                    {"name": "f1", "type": "string", "cp_object": {"a":1,"b":2}},
+                    {"name": "f2", "type": "long", "cp_null": null}
+                ]
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long", "cp_boolean": true}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+                "type": "enum",
+                 "name": "TestEnum",
+                 "symbols": [ "one", "two", "three" ],
+                 "cp_float" : 1.0
+            }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (r#"{"type": "long", "date": "true"}"#, true),
+];
+
+pub const DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "TestDecimal",
+                "size": 10
+            },
+            "logicalType": "decimal",
+            "precision": 4,
+            "scale": 2
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "ScaleIsImplicitlyZero",
+                "size": 10
+            },
+            "logicalType": "decimal",
+            "precision": 4
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+            "type": {
+                "type": "fixed",
+                "name": "PrecisionMustBeGreaterThanZero",
+                "size": 10
+            },
+            "logicalType": "decimal",
+            "precision": 0
+        }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "fixed",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "name": "TestDecimal",
+             "precision": 10,
+             "scale": 2,
+             "size": 18
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "bytes",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": 4,
+             "scale": 2
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "bytes",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": 2,
+             "scale": -2
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "bytes",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": -2,
+             "scale": 2
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "bytes",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "precision": 2,
+             "scale": 3
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "fixed",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "name": "TestDecimal",
+             "precision": -10,
+             "scale": 2,
+             "size": 5
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "fixed",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "name": "TestDecimal",
+             "precision": 2,
+             "scale": 3,
+             "size": 2
+         }"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        r#"{
+             "type": "fixed",
+             "logicalType": "decimal",
+             "name": "TestDecimal",
+             "precision": 2,
+             "scale": 2,
+             "size": -2
+         }"#,
+        false,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const DATE_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#, true),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "date1", because unknown logical types are
+    // ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date1"}"#, true),
+    // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "date"}"#, true),
+];
+
+pub const TIMEMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#, true),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "time-milis" (missing the second "l"),
+    // because unknown logical types are ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-milis"}"#, true),
+    // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#, true),
+];
+
+pub const TIMEMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#, true),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "time-micro" (missing the last "s"), because
+    // unknown logical types are ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micro"}"#, true),
+    // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#, true),
+];
+
+pub const TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "timestamp-milis" (missing the second "l"), because
+    // unknown logical types are ignored
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-milis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "timestamp-micro" (missing the last "s"), because
+    // unknown logical types are ignored
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micro"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const LOCAL_TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "local-timestamp-milis" (missing the second "l"), because
+    // unknown logical types are ignored
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-milis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-millis"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub const LOCAL_TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    // this is valid even though its logical type is "local-timestamp-micro" (missing the last "s"), because
+    // unknown logical types are ignored
+    (
+        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micro"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+    (
+        // this is still valid because unknown logicalType should be ignored
+        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "local-timestamp-micros"}"#,
+        true,
+    ),
+];
+
+pub fn examples() -> &'static Vec<(&'static str, bool)> {
+    static EXAMPLES_ONCE: OnceLock<Vec<(&'static str, bool)>> = OnceLock::new();
+    EXAMPLES_ONCE.get_or_init(|| {
+        Vec::new()
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .chain(PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(FIXED_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(ENUM_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(ARRAY_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(MAP_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(UNION_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(RECORD_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(DOC_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
+            .chain(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(DATE_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(TIMEMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(TIMEMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(LOCAL_TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .chain(LOCAL_TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
+            .collect()
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn valid_examples() -> &'static Vec<(&'static str, bool)> {
+    static VALID_EXAMPLES_ONCE: OnceLock<Vec<(&'static str, bool)>> = OnceLock::new();
+    VALID_EXAMPLES_ONCE.get_or_init(|| examples().iter().copied().filter(|s| s.1).collect())
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/lib.rs b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9fd05030b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use ctor::{ctor, dtor};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+thread_local! {
+    // The unit tests run in parallel
+    // We need to keep the log messages in a thread-local variable
+    // and clear them after assertion
+    pub(crate) static LOG_MESSAGES: RefCell<Vec<String>> = const { RefCell::new(Vec::new()) };
+}
+
+pub mod data;
+pub mod logger;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[ctor]
+fn before_all() {
+    // better stacktraces in tests
+    better_panic::Settings::new()
+        .most_recent_first(true)
+        .lineno_suffix(false)
+        .backtrace_first(true)
+        .install();
+
+    // enable logging in tests
+    logger::install();
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+#[dtor]
+fn after_all() {
+    logger::clear_log_messages();
+}
+
+/// A custom error type for tests.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum TestError {}
+
+/// A converter of any error into [TestError].
+/// It is used to print better error messages in the tests.
+/// Borrowed from <https://bluxte.net/musings/2023/01/08/improving_failure_messages_rust_tests/>
+impl<Err: std::fmt::Display> From<Err> for TestError {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn from(err: Err) -> Self {
+        panic!("{}: {}", std::any::type_name::<Err>(), err);
+    }
+}
+
+pub type TestResult = anyhow::Result<(), TestError>;
+
+/// Does nothing. Just loads the crate.
+/// Should be used in the integration tests, because they do not use [dev-dependencies]
+/// and do not auto-load this crate.
+pub fn init() {}
diff --git a/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/logger.rs b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/logger.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8617358959a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/avro_test_helper/src/logger.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::LOG_MESSAGES;
+use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata};
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+struct TestLogger {
+    delegate: env_logger::Logger,
+}
+
+impl Log for TestLogger {
+    #[inline]
+    fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record) {
+        if self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            LOG_MESSAGES.with(|msgs| msgs.borrow_mut().push(format!("{}", record.args())));
+
+            self.delegate.log(record);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {}
+}
+
+fn test_logger() -> &'static TestLogger {
+    // Lazy static because the Logger has to be 'static
+    static TEST_LOGGER_ONCE: OnceLock<TestLogger> = OnceLock::new();
+    TEST_LOGGER_ONCE.get_or_init(|| TestLogger {
+        delegate: env_logger::Builder::from_default_env()
+            .filter_level(LevelFilter::Off)
+            .parse_default_env()
+            .build(),
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn clear_log_messages() {
+    LOG_MESSAGES.with(|msgs| match msgs.try_borrow_mut() {
+        Ok(mut log_messages) => log_messages.clear(),
+        Err(err) => panic!("Failed to clear log messages: {err:?}"),
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn assert_not_logged(unexpected_message: &str) {
+    LOG_MESSAGES.with(|msgs| match msgs.borrow().last() {
+        Some(last_log) if last_log == unexpected_message => {
+            panic!("The following log message should not have been logged: '{unexpected_message}'")
+        }
+        _ => (),
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn assert_logged(expected_message: &str) {
+    let mut deleted = false;
+    LOG_MESSAGES.with(|msgs| {
+        msgs.borrow_mut().retain(|msg| {
+            if msg == expected_message {
+                deleted = true;
+                false
+            } else {
+                true
+            }
+        })
+    });
+
+    if !deleted {
+        panic!("Expected log message has not been logged: '{expected_message}'");
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub(crate) fn install() {
+    log::set_logger(test_logger())
+        .map(|_| log::set_max_level(LevelFilter::Trace))
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            eprintln!("Failed to set the custom logger: {err:?}");
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+}
diff --git a/lang/rust/build.sh b/lang/rust/build.sh
index d9a24849c32..90691bee240 100755
--- a/lang/rust/build.sh
+++ b/lang/rust/build.sh
@@ -15,9 +15,23 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-set -e
+set -e  # exit on error
 
-cd `dirname "$0"`
+build_dir="../../build/rust"
+dist_dir="../../dist/rust"
+
+function clean {
+  rm -rf $build_dir
+  rm -rf $dist_dir
+}
+
+
+function prepare_build {
+  clean
+  mkdir -p $build_dir
+}
+
+cd $(dirname "$0")
 
 for target in "$@"
 do
@@ -32,13 +46,24 @@ do
       cargo test
       ;;
     dist)
-      cargo build --release --lib --all-features
-      cargo package
-      mkdir -p  ../../dist/rust
-      cp target/package/avro-rs-*.crate ../../dist/rust
+      mkdir -p ${dist_dir}
+      cargo build --release --lib --all-features --workspace
+      git archive --output=apache-avro.tgz HEAD
+      mv apache-avro.tgz ${dist_dir}/
+      ;;
+    interop-data-generate)
+      prepare_build
+      RUST_LOG=apache_avro=debug RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --features snappy,zstandard,bzip,xz --example generate_interop_data
+      ;;
+    interop-data-test)
+      prepare_build
+      echo "Running interop data tests"
+      RUST_LOG=apache_avro=debug RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --features snappy,zstandard,bzip,xz --example test_interop_data
+      echo -e "\nRunning single object encoding interop data tests"
+      RUST_LOG=apache_avro=debug RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --example test_interop_single_object_encoding
       ;;
     *)
-      echo "Usage: $0 {lint|test|dist|clean}" >&2
+      echo "Usage: $0 {lint|test|dist|clean|interop-data-generate|interop-data-test}" >&2
       exit 1
   esac
 done
diff --git a/lang/rust/deny.toml b/lang/rust/deny.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8236cc473d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/deny.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Note that all fields that take a lint level have these possible values:
+# * deny - An error will be produced and the check will fail
+# * warn - A warning will be produced, but the check will not fail
+# * allow - No warning or error will be produced, though in some cases a note
+# will be
+
+# This section is considered when running `cargo deny check advisories`
+# More documentation for the advisories section can be found here:
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/checks/advisories/cfg.html
+[advisories]
+# The lint level for security vulnerabilities
+vulnerability = "deny"
+# The lint level for unmaintained crates
+unmaintained = "warn"
+# The lint level for crates that have been yanked from their source registry
+yanked = "warn"
+# The lint level for crates with security notices. Note that as of
+# 2019-12-17 there are no security notice advisories in
+# https://github.com/rustsec/advisory-db
+notice = "warn"
+# A list of advisory IDs to ignore. Note that ignored advisories will still
+# output a note when they are encountered.
+#
+# e.g. "RUSTSEC-0000-0000",
+ignore = [
+]
+
+# This section is considered when running `cargo deny check licenses`
+# More documentation for the licenses section can be found here:
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/checks/licenses/cfg.html
+[licenses]
+unlicensed = "deny"
+# List of explicitly allowed licenses
+# See https://spdx.org/licenses/ for list of possible licenses
+# [possible values: any SPDX 3.11 short identifier (+ optional exception)].
+allow = [
+    "MIT",
+    "Apache-2.0",
+    "Unicode-DFS-2016",
+]
+# List of explicitly disallowed licenses
+# See https://spdx.org/licenses/ for list of possible licenses
+# [possible values: any SPDX 3.11 short identifier (+ optional exception)].
+deny = [
+]
+# Lint level for licenses considered copyleft
+copyleft = "deny"
+# Blanket approval or denial for OSI-approved or FSF Free/Libre licenses
+# * both - The license will be approved if it is both OSI-approved *AND* FSF
+# * either - The license will be approved if it is either OSI-approved *OR* FSF
+# * osi-only - The license will be approved if is OSI-approved *AND NOT* FSF
+# * fsf-only - The license will be approved if is FSF *AND NOT* OSI-approved
+# * neither - This predicate is ignored and the default lint level is used
+allow-osi-fsf-free = "neither"
+# Lint level used when no other predicates are matched
+# 1. License isn't in the allow or deny lists
+# 2. License isn't copyleft
+# 3. License isn't OSI/FSF, or allow-osi-fsf-free = "neither"
+default = "deny"
+# The confidence threshold for detecting a license from license text.
+# The higher the value, the more closely the license text must be to the
+# canonical license text of a valid SPDX license file.
+# [possible values: any between 0.0 and 1.0].
+confidence-threshold = 0.8
+# Allow 1 or more licenses on a per-crate basis, so that particular licenses
+# aren't accepted for every possible crate as with the normal allow list
+exceptions = [
+    # Each entry is the crate and version constraint, and its specific allow
+    # list
+    { allow = ["Zlib"], name = "adler32", version = "*" },
+]
+
+[licenses.private]
+# If true, ignores workspace crates that aren't published, or are only
+# published to private registries.
+# To see how to mark a crate as unpublished (to the official registry),
+# visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-publish-field.
+ignore = true
+
+# This section is considered when running `cargo deny check bans`.
+# More documentation about the 'bans' section can be found here:
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/checks/bans/cfg.html
+[bans]
+# Lint level for when multiple versions of the same crate are detected
+multiple-versions = "warn"
+# Lint level for when a crate version requirement is `*`
+wildcards = "warn"
+# The graph highlighting used when creating dotgraphs for crates
+# with multiple versions
+# * lowest-version - The path to the lowest versioned duplicate is highlighted
+# * simplest-path - The path to the version with the fewest edges is highlighted
+# * all - Both lowest-version and simplest-path are used
+highlight = "all"
+# The default lint level for `default` features for crates that are members of
+# the workspace that is being checked. This can be overridden by allowing/denying
+# `default` on a crate-by-crate basis if desired.
+workspace-default-features = "allow"
+# The default lint level for `default` features for external crates that are not
+# members of the workspace. This can be overridden by allowing/denying `default`
+# on a crate-by-crate basis if desired.
+external-default-features = "allow"
+# List of crates that are allowed. Use with care!
+allow = [
+    #{ name = "ansi_term", version = "=0.11.0" },
+]
+# List of crates to deny
+deny = [
+    # Each entry the name of a crate and a version range. If version is
+    # not specified, all versions will be matched.
+    #{ name = "ansi_term", version = "=0.11.0" },
+    #
+    # Wrapper crates can optionally be specified to allow the crate when it
+    # is a direct dependency of the otherwise banned crate
+    #{ name = "ansi_term", version = "=0.11.0", wrappers = [] },
+]
+
+# This section is considered when running `cargo deny check sources`.
+# More documentation about the 'sources' section can be found here:
+# https://embarkstudios.github.io/cargo-deny/checks/sources/cfg.html
+[sources]
+# Lint level for what to happen when a crate from a crate registry that is not
+# in the allow list is encountered
+unknown-registry = "deny"
+# Lint level for what to happen when a crate from a git repository that is not
+# in the allow list is encountered
+unknown-git = "deny"
+# List of URLs for allowed crate registries. Defaults to the crates.io index
+# if not specified. If it is specified but empty, no registries are allowed.
+allow-registry = ["https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"]
+# List of URLs for allowed Git repositories
+allow-git = []
+
+[sources.allow-org]
+# 1 or more github.com organizations to allow git sources for
+github = []
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/.gitignore b/lang/rust/fuzz/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a45eee7760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/fuzz/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+target
+corpus
+artifacts
+coverage
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/fuzz/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a80f3b9fa1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/fuzz/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[package]
+name = "apache-avro-fuzz"
+version = "0.0.0"
+publish = false
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.65.0"
+
+[package.metadata]
+cargo-fuzz = true
+
+[dependencies]
+libfuzzer-sys = "0.4"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+
+[dependencies.apache-avro]
+path = "../avro"
+features = ["derive"]
+
+[workspace]
+members = ["."]
+
+[features]
+debug = []
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "roundtrip"
+path = "fuzz_targets/roundtrip.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+
+[profile.release]
+debug = true
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/infinite_iteration b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/infinite_iteration
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6606806d33
Binary files /dev/null and b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/infinite_iteration differ
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/negate_with_overflow b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/negate_with_overflow
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..698f2b56bd1
Binary files /dev/null and b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/negate_with_overflow differ
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/unchecked_resize b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/unchecked_resize
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82a5f947b78
Binary files /dev/null and b/lang/rust/fuzz/corpus/roundtrip/unchecked_resize differ
diff --git a/lang/rust/fuzz/fuzz_targets/roundtrip.rs b/lang/rust/fuzz/fuzz_targets/roundtrip.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14bc59c8c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/fuzz/fuzz_targets/roundtrip.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#![no_main]
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+enum PlainEnum {
+    A,
+    B,
+    C,
+    D,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+enum Enum {
+    A(u8),
+    B(()),
+    C(Vec<PlainEnum>),
+    D(i128),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+enum FloatEnum {
+    A(Enum),
+    E(Option<f32>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+struct Struct {
+    _a: (),
+    _b: u8,
+    _c: Vec<Enum>,
+    _d: (u128, i8, (), PlainEnum, String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+struct FloatStruct {
+    _a: Struct,
+    _b: f64,
+}
+
+macro_rules! round_trip {
+    ($ty:ty, $data:ident, $equality:expr) => {{
+        #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+        println!("roundtripping {}", stringify!($ty));
+
+        use ::apache_avro::{from_value, Reader};
+
+        let reader = match Reader::new($data) {
+            Ok(r) => r,
+            _ => return,
+        };
+
+        for value in reader {
+            let value = match value {
+                Ok(v) => v,
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+            #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+            println!("value {:?}", &value);
+
+            let _: Result<$ty, _> = from_value(&value);
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+macro_rules! from_bytes {
+    ($ty:ty, $data:ident, $equality:expr) => {{
+        round_trip!($ty, $data, $equality);
+        round_trip!(Vec<$ty>, $data, $equality);
+        round_trip!(Option<$ty>, $data, $equality);
+    }};
+}
+
+fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
+    // limit avro memory usage
+    apache_avro::max_allocation_bytes(2 * 1024 * 1024); // 2 MB
+
+    from_bytes!(bool, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(i8, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(i16, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(i32, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(i64, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(i128, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(u8, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(u16, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(u32, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(u64, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(u128, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(f32, data, false);
+    from_bytes!(f64, data, false);
+    from_bytes!(char, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(&str, data, true);
+    from_bytes!((), data, true);
+    from_bytes!(PlainEnum, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(Enum, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(FloatEnum, data, false);
+    from_bytes!(Struct, data, true);
+    from_bytes!(FloatStruct, data, false);
+});
diff --git a/lang/rust/rustfmt.toml b/lang/rust/rustfmt.toml
index 7269b105a72..90ae52caec8 100644
--- a/lang/rust/rustfmt.toml
+++ b/lang/rust/rustfmt.toml
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@
 # under the License.
 
 edition = "2018"
-merge_imports = true
+imports_granularity="Crate"
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/de.rs b/lang/rust/src/de.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index cd275bc8627..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/de.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,899 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic for serde-compatible deserialization.
-use crate::{types::Value, Error};
-use serde::{
-    de::{self, DeserializeSeed, Visitor},
-    forward_to_deserialize_any, Deserialize,
-};
-use std::{
-    collections::{
-        hash_map::{Keys, Values},
-        HashMap,
-    },
-    slice::Iter,
-};
-
-pub struct Deserializer<'de> {
-    input: &'de Value,
-}
-
-struct SeqDeserializer<'de> {
-    input: Iter<'de, Value>,
-}
-
-struct MapDeserializer<'de> {
-    input_keys: Keys<'de, String, Value>,
-    input_values: Values<'de, String, Value>,
-}
-
-struct StructDeserializer<'de> {
-    input: Iter<'de, (String, Value)>,
-    value: Option<&'de Value>,
-}
-
-pub struct EnumUnitDeserializer<'a> {
-    input: &'a str,
-}
-
-pub struct EnumDeserializer<'de> {
-    input: &'de [(String, Value)],
-}
-
-impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'de Value) -> Self {
-        Deserializer { input }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> SeqDeserializer<'de> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'de [Value]) -> Self {
-        SeqDeserializer {
-            input: input.iter(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> MapDeserializer<'de> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'de HashMap<String, Value>) -> Self {
-        MapDeserializer {
-            input_keys: input.keys(), // input.keys().map(|k| Value::String(k.clone())).collect::<Vec<_>>().iter(),
-            input_values: input.values(),
-            // keys: input.keys().map(|s| Value::String(s.to_owned())).collect::<Vec<Value>>(),
-            // values: input.values().map(|s| s.to_owned()).collect::<Vec<Value>>(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> StructDeserializer<'de> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'de [(String, Value)]) -> Self {
-        StructDeserializer {
-            input: input.iter(),
-            value: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> EnumUnitDeserializer<'a> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {
-        EnumUnitDeserializer { input }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> EnumDeserializer<'de> {
-    pub fn new(input: &'de [(String, Value)]) -> Self {
-        EnumDeserializer { input }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::EnumAccess<'de> for EnumUnitDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-    type Variant = Self;
-
-    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        Ok((
-            seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
-                input: self.input.to_owned(),
-            })?,
-            self,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for EnumUnitDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, _seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
-    where
-        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected Newtype variant"))
-    }
-
-    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected tuple variant"))
-    }
-
-    fn struct_variant<V>(
-        self,
-        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
-        _visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        Err(de::Error::custom("Unexpected struct variant"))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::EnumAccess<'de> for EnumDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-    type Variant = Self;
-
-    fn variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        self.input.first().map_or(
-            Err(de::Error::custom("A record must have a least one field")),
-            |item| match (item.0.as_ref(), &item.1) {
-                ("type", Value::String(x)) => Ok((
-                    seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
-                        input: x.to_owned(),
-                    })?,
-                    self,
-                )),
-                (field, Value::String(_)) => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
-                    "Expected first field named 'type': got '{}' instead",
-                    field
-                ))),
-                (_, _) => Err(de::Error::custom(
-                    "Expected first field of type String for the type name".to_string(),
-                )),
-            },
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for EnumDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn unit_variant(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn newtype_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
-    where
-        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        self.input.get(1).map_or(
-            Err(de::Error::custom(
-                "Expected a newtype variant, got nothing instead.",
-            )),
-            |item| seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(&item.1)),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn tuple_variant<V>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.input.get(1).map_or(
-            Err(de::Error::custom(
-                "Expected a tuple variant, got nothing instead.",
-            )),
-            |item| de::Deserializer::deserialize_seq(&Deserializer::new(&item.1), visitor),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn struct_variant<V>(
-        self,
-        fields: &'static [&'static str],
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.input.get(1).map_or(
-            Err(de::Error::custom("Expected a struct variant, got nothing")),
-            |item| {
-                de::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(
-                    &Deserializer::new(&item.1),
-                    "",
-                    fields,
-                    visitor,
-                )
-            },
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'de> de::Deserializer<'de> for &'a Deserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.input {
-            Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
-            &Value::Boolean(b) => visitor.visit_bool(b),
-            Value::Int(i) | Value::Date(i) | Value::TimeMillis(i) => visitor.visit_i32(*i),
-            Value::Long(i)
-            | Value::TimeMicros(i)
-            | Value::TimestampMillis(i)
-            | Value::TimestampMicros(i) => visitor.visit_i64(*i),
-            &Value::Float(f) => visitor.visit_f32(f),
-            &Value::Double(d) => visitor.visit_f64(d),
-            Value::Union(u) => match **u {
-                Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
-                Value::Boolean(b) => visitor.visit_bool(b),
-                Value::Int(i) => visitor.visit_i32(i),
-                Value::Long(i) => visitor.visit_i64(i),
-                Value::Float(f) => visitor.visit_f32(f),
-                Value::Double(d) => visitor.visit_f64(d),
-                _ => Err(de::Error::custom("Unsupported union")),
-            },
-            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(StructDeserializer::new(fields)),
-            Value::Array(ref fields) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(fields)),
-            value => Err(de::Error::custom(format!(
-                "incorrect value of type: {:?}",
-                crate::schema::SchemaKind::from(value)
-            ))),
-        }
-    }
-
-    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
-        bool i8 i16 i32 i64 u8 u16 u32 u64 f32 f64
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_char<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        Err(de::Error::custom("avro does not support char"))
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_str(s),
-            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => ::std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
-                .map_err(|e| de::Error::custom(e.to_string()))
-                .and_then(|s| visitor.visit_str(s)),
-            Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_str(&u.to_string()),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a string|bytes|fixed")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_string<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_string(s.to_owned()),
-            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
-                String::from_utf8(bytes.to_owned())
-                    .map_err(|e| de::Error::custom(e.to_string()))
-                    .and_then(|s| visitor.visit_string(s))
-            }
-            Value::Union(ref x) => match **x {
-                Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_string(s.to_owned()),
-                _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a string|bytes|fixed")),
-            },
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a string|bytes|fixed")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_bytes(s.as_bytes()),
-            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => visitor.visit_bytes(bytes),
-            Value::Uuid(ref u) => visitor.visit_bytes(u.as_bytes()),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a string|bytes|fixed")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::String(ref s) => visitor.visit_byte_buf(s.clone().into_bytes()),
-            Value::Bytes(ref bytes) | Value::Fixed(_, ref bytes) => {
-                visitor.visit_byte_buf(bytes.to_owned())
-            }
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a string|bytes|fixed")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::Union(ref inner) if inner.as_ref() == &Value::Null => visitor.visit_none(),
-            Value::Union(ref inner) => visitor.visit_some(&Deserializer::new(inner)),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a union")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_unit<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::Null => visitor.visit_unit(),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a null")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
-        self,
-        _: &'static str,
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.deserialize_unit(visitor)
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
-        self,
-        _: &'static str,
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::Array(ref items) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(items)),
-            Value::Union(ref inner) => match **inner {
-                Value::Array(ref items) => visitor.visit_seq(SeqDeserializer::new(items)),
-                _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not an array")),
-            },
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not an array")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_tuple<V>(self, _: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
-        self,
-        _: &'static str,
-        _: usize,
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::Map(ref items) => visitor.visit_map(MapDeserializer::new(items)),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a map")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_struct<V>(
-        self,
-        _: &'static str,
-        _: &'static [&'static str],
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(StructDeserializer::new(fields)),
-            Value::Union(ref inner) => match **inner {
-                Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_map(StructDeserializer::new(fields)),
-                _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a record")),
-            },
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not a record")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_enum<V>(
-        self,
-        _: &'static str,
-        _variants: &'static [&'static str],
-        visitor: V,
-    ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        match *self.input {
-            // This branch can be anything...
-            Value::Record(ref fields) => visitor.visit_enum(EnumDeserializer::new(fields)),
-            // This has to be a unit Enum
-            Value::Enum(_index, ref field) => visitor.visit_enum(EnumUnitDeserializer::new(field)),
-            _ => Err(de::Error::custom("not an enum")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_identifier<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.deserialize_str(visitor)
-    }
-
-    fn deserialize_ignored_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        self.deserialize_any(visitor)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::SeqAccess<'de> for SeqDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn next_element_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-    where
-        T: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.input.next() {
-            Some(item) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(item)).map(Some),
-            None => Ok(None),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for MapDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn next_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
-    where
-        K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.input_keys.next() {
-            Some(key) => seed
-                .deserialize(StringDeserializer {
-                    input: (*key).clone(),
-                })
-                .map(Some),
-            None => Ok(None),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn next_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.input_values.next() {
-            Some(value) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(value)),
-            None => Err(de::Error::custom("should not happen - too many values")),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::MapAccess<'de> for StructDeserializer<'de> {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn next_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
-    where
-        K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.input.next() {
-            Some(item) => {
-                let (ref field, ref value) = *item;
-                self.value = Some(value);
-                seed.deserialize(StringDeserializer {
-                    input: field.clone(),
-                })
-                .map(Some)
-            }
-            None => Ok(None),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn next_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
-    {
-        match self.value.take() {
-            Some(value) => seed.deserialize(&Deserializer::new(value)),
-            None => Err(de::Error::custom("should not happen - too many values")),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct StringDeserializer {
-    input: String,
-}
-
-impl<'de> de::Deserializer<'de> for StringDeserializer {
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-    where
-        V: Visitor<'de>,
-    {
-        visitor.visit_string(self.input)
-    }
-
-    forward_to_deserialize_any! {
-        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
-        seq bytes byte_buf map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct tuple enum identifier ignored_any
-    }
-}
-
-/// Interpret a `Value` as an instance of type `D`.
-///
-/// This conversion can fail if the structure of the `Value` does not match the
-/// structure expected by `D`.
-pub fn from_value<'de, D: Deserialize<'de>>(value: &'de Value) -> Result<D, Error> {
-    let de = Deserializer::new(value);
-    D::deserialize(&de)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use serde::Serialize;
-    use uuid::Uuid;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Clone, PartialEq)]
-    struct Test {
-        a: i64,
-        b: String,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestInner {
-        a: Test,
-        b: i32,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestUnitExternalEnum {
-        a: UnitExternalEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    enum UnitExternalEnum {
-        Val1,
-        Val2,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestUnitInternalEnum {
-        a: UnitInternalEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    #[serde(tag = "t")]
-    enum UnitInternalEnum {
-        Val1,
-        Val2,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestUnitAdjacentEnum {
-        a: UnitAdjacentEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    #[serde(tag = "t", content = "v")]
-    enum UnitAdjacentEnum {
-        Val1,
-        Val2,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestUnitUntaggedEnum {
-        a: UnitUntaggedEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq)]
-    #[serde(untagged)]
-    enum UnitUntaggedEnum {
-        Val1,
-        Val2,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestSingleValueExternalEnum {
-        a: SingleValueExternalEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    enum SingleValueExternalEnum {
-        Double(f64),
-        String(String),
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestStructExternalEnum {
-        a: StructExternalEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    enum StructExternalEnum {
-        Val1 { x: f32, y: f32 },
-        Val2 { x: f32, y: f32 },
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    struct TestTupleExternalEnum {
-        a: TupleExternalEnum,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-    enum TupleExternalEnum {
-        Val1(f32, f32),
-        Val2(f32, f32, f32),
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value() {
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_owned(), Value::Long(27)),
-            ("b".to_owned(), Value::String("foo".to_owned())),
-        ]);
-        let expected = Test {
-            a: 27,
-            b: "foo".to_owned(),
-        };
-        let final_value: Test = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(final_value, expected);
-
-        let test_inner = Value::Record(vec![
-            (
-                "a".to_owned(),
-                Value::Record(vec![
-                    ("a".to_owned(), Value::Long(27)),
-                    ("b".to_owned(), Value::String("foo".to_owned())),
-                ]),
-            ),
-            ("b".to_owned(), Value::Int(35)),
-        ]);
-
-        let expected_inner = TestInner { a: expected, b: 35 };
-        let final_value: TestInner = from_value(&test_inner).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(final_value, expected_inner)
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_unit_enum() {
-        let expected = TestUnitExternalEnum {
-            a: UnitExternalEnum::Val1,
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Enum(0, "Val1".to_owned()))]);
-        let final_value: TestUnitExternalEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "Error deserializing unit external enum"
-        );
-
-        let expected = TestUnitInternalEnum {
-            a: UnitInternalEnum::Val1,
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
-            "a".to_owned(),
-            Value::Record(vec![("t".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned()))]),
-        )]);
-        let final_value: TestUnitInternalEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "Error deserializing unit internal enum"
-        );
-        let expected = TestUnitAdjacentEnum {
-            a: UnitAdjacentEnum::Val1,
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
-            "a".to_owned(),
-            Value::Record(vec![("t".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned()))]),
-        )]);
-        let final_value: TestUnitAdjacentEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "Error deserializing unit adjacent enum"
-        );
-        let expected = TestUnitUntaggedEnum {
-            a: UnitUntaggedEnum::Val1,
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![("a".to_owned(), Value::Null)]);
-        let final_value: TestUnitUntaggedEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "Error deserializing unit untagged enum"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_single_value_enum() {
-        let expected = TestSingleValueExternalEnum {
-            a: SingleValueExternalEnum::Double(64.0),
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
-            "a".to_owned(),
-            Value::Record(vec![
-                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Double".to_owned())),
-                (
-                    "value".to_owned(),
-                    Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Double(64.0))),
-                ),
-            ]),
-        )]);
-        let final_value: TestSingleValueExternalEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "Error deserializing single value external enum(union)"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_struct_enum() {
-        let expected = TestStructExternalEnum {
-            a: StructExternalEnum::Val1 { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 },
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
-            "a".to_owned(),
-            Value::Record(vec![
-                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned())),
-                (
-                    "value".to_owned(),
-                    Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
-                        ("x".to_owned(), Value::Float(1.0)),
-                        ("y".to_owned(), Value::Float(2.0)),
-                    ]))),
-                ),
-            ]),
-        )]);
-        let final_value: TestStructExternalEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "error deserializing struct external enum(union)"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_tuple_enum() {
-        let expected = TestTupleExternalEnum {
-            a: TupleExternalEnum::Val1(1.0, 2.0),
-        };
-
-        let test = Value::Record(vec![(
-            "a".to_owned(),
-            Value::Record(vec![
-                ("type".to_owned(), Value::String("Val1".to_owned())),
-                (
-                    "value".to_owned(),
-                    Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Array(vec![
-                        Value::Float(1.0),
-                        Value::Float(2.0),
-                    ]))),
-                ),
-            ]),
-        )]);
-        let final_value: TestTupleExternalEnum = from_value(&test).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            final_value, expected,
-            "error serializing tuple external enum(union)"
-        );
-    }
-
-    type TestResult<T> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_date() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = 1;
-        let value = Value::Date(raw_value);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<i32>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_time_millis() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = 1;
-        let value = Value::TimeMillis(raw_value);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<i32>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_time_micros() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = 1;
-        let value = Value::TimeMicros(raw_value);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_timestamp_millis() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = 1;
-        let value = Value::TimestampMillis(raw_value);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_timestamp_micros() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = 1;
-        let value = Value::TimestampMicros(raw_value);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<i64>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result, raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_uuid_str() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = "9ec535ff-3e2a-45bd-91d3-0a01321b5a49";
-        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str(raw_value).unwrap());
-        let result = crate::from_value::<Uuid>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result.to_string(), raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_value_uuid_slice() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let raw_value = &[4, 54, 67, 12, 43, 2, 2, 76, 32, 50, 87, 5, 1, 33, 43, 87];
-        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::from_slice(raw_value)?);
-        let result = crate::from_value::<Uuid>(&value)?;
-        assert_eq!(result.as_bytes(), raw_value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/decode.rs b/lang/rust/src/decode.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 9108d37e156..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/decode.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-use crate::{
-    decimal::Decimal,
-    duration::Duration,
-    schema::Schema,
-    types::Value,
-    util::{safe_len, zag_i32, zag_i64},
-    AvroResult, Error,
-};
-use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::TryFrom, io::Read, str::FromStr};
-use uuid::Uuid;
-
-#[inline]
-fn decode_long<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
-    zag_i64(reader).map(Value::Long)
-}
-
-#[inline]
-fn decode_int<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
-    zag_i32(reader).map(Value::Int)
-}
-
-#[inline]
-fn decode_len<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-    let len = zag_i64(reader)?;
-    safe_len(usize::try_from(len).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, len))?)
-}
-
-/// Decode the length of a sequence.
-///
-/// Maps and arrays are 0-terminated, 0i64 is also encoded as 0 in Avro reading a length of 0 means
-/// the end of the map or array.
-fn decode_seq_len<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-    let raw_len = zag_i64(reader)?;
-    safe_len(
-        usize::try_from(match raw_len.cmp(&0) {
-            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => return Ok(0),
-            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
-                let _size = zag_i64(reader)?;
-                -raw_len
-            }
-            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => raw_len,
-        })
-        .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, raw_len))?,
-    )
-}
-
-/// Decode a `Value` from avro format given its `Schema`.
-pub fn decode<R: Read>(schema: &Schema, reader: &mut R) -> AvroResult<Value> {
-    match *schema {
-        Schema::Null => Ok(Value::Null),
-        Schema::Boolean => {
-            let mut buf = [0u8; 1];
-            reader
-                .read_exact(&mut buf[..])
-                .map_err(Error::ReadBoolean)?;
-
-            match buf[0] {
-                0u8 => Ok(Value::Boolean(false)),
-                1u8 => Ok(Value::Boolean(true)),
-                _ => Err(Error::BoolValue(buf[0])),
-            }
-        }
-        Schema::Decimal { ref inner, .. } => match &**inner {
-            Schema::Fixed { .. } => match decode(inner, reader)? {
-                Value::Fixed(_, bytes) => Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes))),
-                value => Err(Error::FixedValue(value.into())),
-            },
-            Schema::Bytes => match decode(inner, reader)? {
-                Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes))),
-                value => Err(Error::BytesValue(value.into())),
-            },
-            schema => Err(Error::ResolveDecimalSchema(schema.into())),
-        },
-        Schema::Uuid => Ok(Value::Uuid(
-            Uuid::from_str(match decode(&Schema::String, reader)? {
-                Value::String(ref s) => s,
-                value => return Err(Error::GetUuidFromStringValue(value.into())),
-            })
-            .map_err(Error::ConvertStrToUuid)?,
-        )),
-        Schema::Int => decode_int(reader),
-        Schema::Date => zag_i32(reader).map(Value::Date),
-        Schema::TimeMillis => zag_i32(reader).map(Value::TimeMillis),
-        Schema::Long => decode_long(reader),
-        Schema::TimeMicros => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimeMicros),
-        Schema::TimestampMillis => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimestampMillis),
-        Schema::TimestampMicros => zag_i64(reader).map(Value::TimestampMicros),
-        Schema::Duration => {
-            let mut buf = [0u8; 12];
-            reader.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(Error::ReadDuration)?;
-            Ok(Value::Duration(Duration::from(buf)))
-        }
-        Schema::Float => {
-            let mut buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<f32>()];
-            reader.read_exact(&mut buf[..]).map_err(Error::ReadFloat)?;
-            Ok(Value::Float(f32::from_le_bytes(buf)))
-        }
-        Schema::Double => {
-            let mut buf = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<f64>()];
-            reader.read_exact(&mut buf[..]).map_err(Error::ReadDouble)?;
-            Ok(Value::Double(f64::from_le_bytes(buf)))
-        }
-        Schema::Bytes => {
-            let len = decode_len(reader)?;
-            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
-            reader.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(Error::ReadBytes)?;
-            Ok(Value::Bytes(buf))
-        }
-        Schema::String => {
-            let len = decode_len(reader)?;
-            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
-            reader.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(Error::ReadString)?;
-
-            Ok(Value::String(
-                String::from_utf8(buf).map_err(Error::ConvertToUtf8)?,
-            ))
-        }
-        Schema::Fixed { size, .. } => {
-            let mut buf = vec![0u8; size];
-            reader
-                .read_exact(&mut buf)
-                .map_err(|e| Error::ReadFixed(e, size))?;
-            Ok(Value::Fixed(size, buf))
-        }
-        Schema::Array(ref inner) => {
-            let mut items = Vec::new();
-
-            loop {
-                let len = decode_seq_len(reader)?;
-                if len == 0 {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                items.reserve(len);
-                for _ in 0..len {
-                    items.push(decode(inner, reader)?);
-                }
-            }
-
-            Ok(Value::Array(items))
-        }
-        Schema::Map(ref inner) => {
-            let mut items = HashMap::new();
-
-            loop {
-                let len = decode_seq_len(reader)?;
-                if len == 0 {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                items.reserve(len);
-                for _ in 0..len {
-                    match decode(&Schema::String, reader)? {
-                        Value::String(key) => {
-                            let value = decode(inner, reader)?;
-                            items.insert(key, value);
-                        }
-                        value => return Err(Error::MapKeyType(value.into())),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            Ok(Value::Map(items))
-        }
-        Schema::Union(ref inner) => {
-            let index = zag_i64(reader)?;
-            let variants = inner.variants();
-            let variant = variants
-                .get(usize::try_from(index).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, index))?)
-                .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetUnionVariant {
-                    index,
-                    num_variants: variants.len(),
-                })?;
-            let value = decode(variant, reader)?;
-            Ok(Value::Union(Box::new(value)))
-        }
-        Schema::Record { ref fields, .. } => {
-            // Benchmarks indicate ~10% improvement using this method.
-            let mut items = Vec::with_capacity(fields.len());
-            for field in fields {
-                // TODO: This clone is also expensive. See if we can do away with it...
-                items.push((field.name.clone(), decode(&field.schema, reader)?));
-            }
-            Ok(Value::Record(items))
-        }
-        Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. } => {
-            Ok(if let Value::Int(raw_index) = decode_int(reader)? {
-                let index = usize::try_from(raw_index)
-                    .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI32ToUsize(e, raw_index))?;
-                if (0..=symbols.len()).contains(&index) {
-                    let symbol = symbols[index].clone();
-                    Value::Enum(raw_index, symbol)
-                } else {
-                    return Err(Error::GetEnumValue {
-                        index,
-                        nsymbols: symbols.len(),
-                    });
-                }
-            } else {
-                return Err(Error::GetEnumSymbol);
-            })
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use crate::{
-        decode::decode,
-        schema::Schema,
-        types::{
-            Value,
-            Value::{Array, Int, Map},
-        },
-        Decimal,
-    };
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_array_without_size() {
-        let mut input: &[u8] = &[6, 2, 4, 6, 0];
-        let result = decode(&Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::Int)), &mut input);
-        assert_eq!(Array(vec!(Int(1), Int(2), Int(3))), result.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_array_with_size() {
-        let mut input: &[u8] = &[5, 6, 2, 4, 6, 0];
-        let result = decode(&Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::Int)), &mut input);
-        assert_eq!(Array(vec!(Int(1), Int(2), Int(3))), result.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_map_without_size() {
-        let mut input: &[u8] = &[0x02, 0x08, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x02, 0x00];
-        let result = decode(&Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Int)), &mut input);
-        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
-        expected.insert(String::from("test"), Int(1));
-        assert_eq!(Map(expected), result.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_map_with_size() {
-        let mut input: &[u8] = &[0x01, 0x0C, 0x08, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x02, 0x00];
-        let result = decode(&Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Int)), &mut input);
-        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
-        expected.insert(String::from("test"), Int(1));
-        assert_eq!(Map(expected), result.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_negative_decimal_value() {
-        use crate::{encode::encode, schema::Name};
-        use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
-        let inner = Box::new(Schema::Fixed {
-            size: 2,
-            name: Name::new("decimal"),
-        });
-        let schema = Schema::Decimal {
-            inner,
-            precision: 4,
-            scale: 2,
-        };
-        let bigint = (-423).to_bigint().unwrap();
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bigint.to_signed_bytes_be()));
-
-        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
-        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer);
-
-        let mut bytes = &buffer[..];
-        let result = decode(&schema, &mut bytes).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result, value);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_decode_decimal_with_bigger_than_necessary_size() {
-        use crate::{encode::encode, schema::Name};
-        use num_bigint::ToBigInt;
-        let inner = Box::new(Schema::Fixed {
-            size: 13,
-            name: Name::new("decimal"),
-        });
-        let schema = Schema::Decimal {
-            inner,
-            precision: 4,
-            scale: 2,
-        };
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(
-            ((-423).to_bigint().unwrap()).to_signed_bytes_be(),
-        ));
-        let mut buffer = Vec::<u8>::new();
-
-        encode(&value, &schema, &mut buffer);
-        let mut bytes: &[u8] = &buffer[..];
-        let result = decode(&schema, &mut bytes).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result, value);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/encode.rs b/lang/rust/src/encode.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c68051ecab..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/encode.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-use crate::{
-    schema::Schema,
-    types::Value,
-    util::{zig_i32, zig_i64},
-};
-use std::convert::TryInto;
-
-/// Encode a `Value` into avro format.
-///
-/// **NOTE** This will not perform schema validation. The value is assumed to
-/// be valid with regards to the schema. Schema are needed only to guide the
-/// encoding for complex type values.
-pub fn encode(value: &Value, schema: &Schema, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-    encode_ref(value, schema, buffer)
-}
-
-fn encode_bytes<B: AsRef<[u8]> + ?Sized>(s: &B, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-    let bytes = s.as_ref();
-    encode(&Value::Long(bytes.len() as i64), &Schema::Long, buffer);
-    buffer.extend_from_slice(bytes);
-}
-
-fn encode_long(i: i64, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-    zig_i64(i, buffer)
-}
-
-fn encode_int(i: i32, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-    zig_i32(i, buffer)
-}
-
-/// Encode a `Value` into avro format.
-///
-/// **NOTE** This will not perform schema validation. The value is assumed to
-/// be valid with regards to the schema. Schema are needed only to guide the
-/// encoding for complex type values.
-pub fn encode_ref(value: &Value, schema: &Schema, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-    match value {
-        Value::Null => (),
-        Value::Boolean(b) => buffer.push(if *b { 1u8 } else { 0u8 }),
-        // Pattern | Pattern here to signify that these _must_ have the same encoding.
-        Value::Int(i) | Value::Date(i) | Value::TimeMillis(i) => encode_int(*i, buffer),
-        Value::Long(i)
-        | Value::TimestampMillis(i)
-        | Value::TimestampMicros(i)
-        | Value::TimeMicros(i) => encode_long(*i, buffer),
-        Value::Float(x) => buffer.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes()),
-        Value::Double(x) => buffer.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes()),
-        Value::Decimal(decimal) => match schema {
-            Schema::Decimal { inner, .. } => match *inner.clone() {
-                Schema::Fixed { size, .. } => {
-                    let bytes = decimal.to_sign_extended_bytes_with_len(size).unwrap();
-                    let num_bytes = bytes.len();
-                    if num_bytes != size {
-                        panic!(
-                            "signed decimal bytes length {} not equal to fixed schema size {}",
-                            num_bytes, size
-                        );
-                    }
-                    encode(&Value::Fixed(size, bytes), inner, buffer)
-                }
-                Schema::Bytes => encode(&Value::Bytes(decimal.try_into().unwrap()), inner, buffer),
-                _ => panic!("invalid inner type for decimal: {:?}", inner),
-            },
-            _ => panic!("invalid type for decimal: {:?}", schema),
-        },
-        &Value::Duration(duration) => {
-            let slice: [u8; 12] = duration.into();
-            buffer.extend_from_slice(&slice);
-        }
-        Value::Uuid(uuid) => encode_bytes(&uuid.to_string(), buffer),
-        Value::Bytes(bytes) => match *schema {
-            Schema::Bytes => encode_bytes(bytes, buffer),
-            Schema::Fixed { .. } => buffer.extend(bytes),
-            _ => (),
-        },
-        Value::String(s) => match *schema {
-            Schema::String => {
-                encode_bytes(s, buffer);
-            }
-            Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. } => {
-                if let Some(index) = symbols.iter().position(|item| item == s) {
-                    encode_int(index as i32, buffer);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        },
-        Value::Fixed(_, bytes) => buffer.extend(bytes),
-        Value::Enum(i, _) => encode_int(*i, buffer),
-        Value::Union(item) => {
-            if let Schema::Union(ref inner) = *schema {
-                // Find the schema that is matched here. Due to validation, this should always
-                // return a value.
-                let (idx, inner_schema) = inner
-                    .find_schema(item)
-                    .expect("Invalid Union validation occurred");
-                encode_long(idx as i64, buffer);
-                encode_ref(&*item, inner_schema, buffer);
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Array(items) => {
-            if let Schema::Array(ref inner) = *schema {
-                if !items.is_empty() {
-                    encode_long(items.len() as i64, buffer);
-                    for item in items.iter() {
-                        encode_ref(item, inner, buffer);
-                    }
-                }
-                buffer.push(0u8);
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Map(items) => {
-            if let Schema::Map(ref inner) = *schema {
-                if !items.is_empty() {
-                    encode_long(items.len() as i64, buffer);
-                    for (key, value) in items {
-                        encode_bytes(key, buffer);
-                        encode_ref(value, inner, buffer);
-                    }
-                }
-                buffer.push(0u8);
-            }
-        }
-        Value::Record(fields) => {
-            if let Schema::Record {
-                fields: ref schema_fields,
-                ..
-            } = *schema
-            {
-                for (i, &(_, ref value)) in fields.iter().enumerate() {
-                    encode_ref(value, &schema_fields[i].schema, buffer);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn encode_to_vec(value: &Value, schema: &Schema) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
-    encode(value, schema, &mut buffer);
-    buffer
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_encode_empty_array() {
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        let empty: Vec<Value> = Vec::new();
-        encode(
-            &Value::Array(empty),
-            &Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::Int)),
-            &mut buf,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(vec![0u8], buf);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_encode_empty_map() {
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        let empty: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::new();
-        encode(
-            &Value::Map(empty),
-            &Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Int)),
-            &mut buf,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(vec![0u8], buf);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/reader.rs b/lang/rust/src/reader.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 467c6586968..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/reader.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,435 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic handling reading from Avro format at user level.
-use crate::{decode::decode, schema::Schema, types::Value, util, AvroResult, Codec, Error};
-use serde_json::from_slice;
-use std::{
-    io::{ErrorKind, Read},
-    str::FromStr,
-};
-
-// Internal Block reader.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct Block<R> {
-    reader: R,
-    // Internal buffering to reduce allocation.
-    buf: Vec<u8>,
-    buf_idx: usize,
-    // Number of elements expected to exist within this block.
-    message_count: usize,
-    marker: [u8; 16],
-    codec: Codec,
-    writer_schema: Schema,
-}
-
-impl<R: Read> Block<R> {
-    fn new(reader: R) -> AvroResult<Block<R>> {
-        let mut block = Block {
-            reader,
-            codec: Codec::Null,
-            writer_schema: Schema::Null,
-            buf: vec![],
-            buf_idx: 0,
-            message_count: 0,
-            marker: [0; 16],
-        };
-
-        block.read_header()?;
-        Ok(block)
-    }
-
-    /// Try to read the header and to set the writer `Schema`, the `Codec` and the marker based on
-    /// its content.
-    fn read_header(&mut self) -> AvroResult<()> {
-        let meta_schema = Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Bytes));
-
-        let mut buf = [0u8; 4];
-        self.reader
-            .read_exact(&mut buf)
-            .map_err(Error::ReadHeader)?;
-
-        if buf != [b'O', b'b', b'j', 1u8] {
-            return Err(Error::HeaderMagic);
-        }
-
-        if let Value::Map(meta) = decode(&meta_schema, &mut self.reader)? {
-            // TODO: surface original parse schema errors instead of coalescing them here
-            let json = meta
-                .get("avro.schema")
-                .and_then(|bytes| {
-                    if let Value::Bytes(ref bytes) = *bytes {
-                        from_slice(bytes.as_ref()).ok()
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .ok_or(Error::GetAvroSchemaFromMap)?;
-            self.writer_schema = Schema::parse(&json)?;
-
-            if let Some(codec) = meta
-                .get("avro.codec")
-                .and_then(|codec| {
-                    if let Value::Bytes(ref bytes) = *codec {
-                        std::str::from_utf8(bytes.as_ref()).ok()
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .and_then(|codec| Codec::from_str(codec).ok())
-            {
-                self.codec = codec;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return Err(Error::GetHeaderMetadata);
-        }
-
-        self.reader
-            .read_exact(&mut self.marker)
-            .map_err(Error::ReadMarker)
-    }
-
-    fn fill_buf(&mut self, n: usize) -> AvroResult<()> {
-        // The buffer needs to contain exactly `n` elements, otherwise codecs will potentially read
-        // invalid bytes.
-        //
-        // The are two cases to handle here:
-        //
-        // 1. `n > self.buf.len()`:
-        //    In this case we call `Vec::resize`, which guarantees that `self.buf.len() == n`.
-        // 2. `n < self.buf.len()`:
-        //    We need to resize to ensure that the buffer len is safe to read `n` elements.
-        //
-        // TODO: Figure out a way to avoid having to truncate for the second case.
-        self.buf.resize(n, 0);
-        self.reader
-            .read_exact(&mut self.buf)
-            .map_err(Error::ReadIntoBuf)?;
-        self.buf_idx = 0;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Try to read a data block, also performing schema resolution for the objects contained in
-    /// the block. The objects are stored in an internal buffer to the `Reader`.
-    fn read_block_next(&mut self) -> AvroResult<()> {
-        assert!(self.is_empty(), "Expected self to be empty!");
-        match util::read_long(&mut self.reader) {
-            Ok(block_len) => {
-                self.message_count = block_len as usize;
-                let block_bytes = util::read_long(&mut self.reader)?;
-                self.fill_buf(block_bytes as usize)?;
-                let mut marker = [0u8; 16];
-                self.reader
-                    .read_exact(&mut marker)
-                    .map_err(Error::ReadBlockMarker)?;
-
-                if marker != self.marker {
-                    return Err(Error::GetBlockMarker);
-                }
-
-                // NOTE (JAB): This doesn't fit this Reader pattern very well.
-                // `self.buf` is a growable buffer that is reused as the reader is iterated.
-                // For non `Codec::Null` variants, `decompress` will allocate a new `Vec`
-                // and replace `buf` with the new one, instead of reusing the same buffer.
-                // We can address this by using some "limited read" type to decode directly
-                // into the buffer. But this is fine, for now.
-                self.codec.decompress(&mut self.buf)
-            }
-            Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err)) => {
-                if let ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof = io_err.kind() {
-                    // to not return any error in case we only finished to read cleanly from the stream
-                    Ok(())
-                } else {
-                    Err(Error::ReadVariableIntegerBytes(io_err))
-                }
-            }
-            Err(e) => Err(e),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.message_count
-    }
-
-    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len() == 0
-    }
-
-    fn read_next(&mut self, read_schema: Option<&Schema>) -> AvroResult<Option<Value>> {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            self.read_block_next()?;
-            if self.is_empty() {
-                return Ok(None);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut block_bytes = &self.buf[self.buf_idx..];
-        let b_original = block_bytes.len();
-        let item = from_avro_datum(&self.writer_schema, &mut block_bytes, read_schema)?;
-        self.buf_idx += b_original - block_bytes.len();
-        self.message_count -= 1;
-        Ok(Some(item))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Main interface for reading Avro formatted values.
-///
-/// To be used as an iterator:
-///
-/// ```no_run
-/// # use avro_rs::Reader;
-/// # use std::io::Cursor;
-/// # let input = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
-/// for value in Reader::new(input).unwrap() {
-///     match value {
-///         Ok(v) => println!("{:?}", v),
-///         Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),
-///     };
-/// }
-/// ```
-pub struct Reader<'a, R> {
-    block: Block<R>,
-    reader_schema: Option<&'a Schema>,
-    errored: bool,
-    should_resolve_schema: bool,
-}
-
-impl<'a, R: Read> Reader<'a, R> {
-    /// Creates a `Reader` given something implementing the `io::Read` trait to read from.
-    /// No reader `Schema` will be set.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** The avro header is going to be read automatically upon creation of the `Reader`.
-    pub fn new(reader: R) -> AvroResult<Reader<'a, R>> {
-        let block = Block::new(reader)?;
-        let reader = Reader {
-            block,
-            reader_schema: None,
-            errored: false,
-            should_resolve_schema: false,
-        };
-        Ok(reader)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a `Reader` given a reader `Schema` and something implementing the `io::Read` trait
-    /// to read from.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** The avro header is going to be read automatically upon creation of the `Reader`.
-    pub fn with_schema(schema: &'a Schema, reader: R) -> AvroResult<Reader<'a, R>> {
-        let block = Block::new(reader)?;
-        let mut reader = Reader {
-            block,
-            reader_schema: Some(schema),
-            errored: false,
-            should_resolve_schema: false,
-        };
-        // Check if the reader and writer schemas disagree.
-        reader.should_resolve_schema = reader.writer_schema() != schema;
-        Ok(reader)
-    }
-
-    /// Get a reference to the writer `Schema`.
-    pub fn writer_schema(&self) -> &Schema {
-        &self.block.writer_schema
-    }
-
-    /// Get a reference to the optional reader `Schema`.
-    pub fn reader_schema(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
-        self.reader_schema
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn read_next(&mut self) -> AvroResult<Option<Value>> {
-        let read_schema = if self.should_resolve_schema {
-            self.reader_schema
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        self.block.read_next(read_schema)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, R: Read> Iterator for Reader<'a, R> {
-    type Item = AvroResult<Value>;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        // to prevent keep on reading after the first error occurs
-        if self.errored {
-            return None;
-        };
-        match self.read_next() {
-            Ok(opt) => opt.map(Ok),
-            Err(e) => {
-                self.errored = true;
-                Some(Err(e))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Decode a `Value` encoded in Avro format given its `Schema` and anything implementing `io::Read`
-/// to read from.
-///
-/// In case a reader `Schema` is provided, schema resolution will also be performed.
-///
-/// **NOTE** This function has a quite small niche of usage and does NOT take care of reading the
-/// header and consecutive data blocks; use [`Reader`](struct.Reader.html) if you don't know what
-/// you are doing, instead.
-pub fn from_avro_datum<R: Read>(
-    writer_schema: &Schema,
-    reader: &mut R,
-    reader_schema: Option<&Schema>,
-) -> AvroResult<Value> {
-    let value = decode(writer_schema, reader)?;
-    match reader_schema {
-        Some(schema) => value.resolve(schema),
-        None => Ok(value),
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::{types::Record, Reader};
-    use std::io::Cursor;
-
-    const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
-    {
-      "type": "record",
-      "name": "test",
-      "fields": [
-        {
-          "name": "a",
-          "type": "long",
-          "default": 42
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "b",
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-    "#;
-    const UNION_SCHEMA: &str = r#"["null", "long"]"#;
-    const ENCODED: &[u8] = &[
-        79u8, 98u8, 106u8, 1u8, 4u8, 22u8, 97u8, 118u8, 114u8, 111u8, 46u8, 115u8, 99u8, 104u8,
-        101u8, 109u8, 97u8, 222u8, 1u8, 123u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8,
-        114u8, 101u8, 99u8, 111u8, 114u8, 100u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8,
-        58u8, 34u8, 116u8, 101u8, 115u8, 116u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 102u8, 105u8, 101u8, 108u8,
-        100u8, 115u8, 34u8, 58u8, 91u8, 123u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8,
-        97u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 108u8, 111u8, 110u8,
-        103u8, 34u8, 44u8, 34u8, 100u8, 101u8, 102u8, 97u8, 117u8, 108u8, 116u8, 34u8, 58u8, 52u8,
-        50u8, 125u8, 44u8, 123u8, 34u8, 110u8, 97u8, 109u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 98u8, 34u8,
-        44u8, 34u8, 116u8, 121u8, 112u8, 101u8, 34u8, 58u8, 34u8, 115u8, 116u8, 114u8, 105u8,
-        110u8, 103u8, 34u8, 125u8, 93u8, 125u8, 20u8, 97u8, 118u8, 114u8, 111u8, 46u8, 99u8, 111u8,
-        100u8, 101u8, 99u8, 8u8, 110u8, 117u8, 108u8, 108u8, 0u8, 94u8, 61u8, 54u8, 221u8, 190u8,
-        207u8, 108u8, 180u8, 158u8, 57u8, 114u8, 40u8, 173u8, 199u8, 228u8, 239u8, 4u8, 20u8, 54u8,
-        6u8, 102u8, 111u8, 111u8, 84u8, 6u8, 98u8, 97u8, 114u8, 94u8, 61u8, 54u8, 221u8, 190u8,
-        207u8, 108u8, 180u8, 158u8, 57u8, 114u8, 40u8, 173u8, 199u8, 228u8, 239u8,
-    ];
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from_avro_datum() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut encoded: &'static [u8] = &[54, 6, 102, 111, 111];
-
-        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-        let expected = record.into();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut encoded, None).unwrap(),
-            expected
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_null_union() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut encoded: &'static [u8] = &[2, 0];
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut encoded, None).unwrap(),
-            Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Long(0)))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_reader_iterator() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, ENCODED).unwrap();
-
-        let mut record1 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record1.put("a", 27i64);
-        record1.put("b", "foo");
-
-        let mut record2 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record2.put("a", 42i64);
-        record2.put("b", "bar");
-
-        let expected = vec![record1.into(), record2.into()];
-
-        for (i, value) in reader.enumerate() {
-            assert_eq!(value.unwrap(), expected[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_reader_invalid_header() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let invalid = ENCODED.to_owned().into_iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<u8>>();
-        assert!(Reader::with_schema(&schema, &invalid[..]).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_reader_invalid_block() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let invalid = ENCODED
-            .to_owned()
-            .into_iter()
-            .rev()
-            .skip(19)
-            .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-            .into_iter()
-            .rev()
-            .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
-        let reader = Reader::with_schema(&schema, &invalid[..]).unwrap();
-        for value in reader {
-            assert!(value.is_err());
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_reader_empty_buffer() {
-        let empty = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
-        assert!(Reader::new(empty).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_reader_only_header() {
-        let invalid = ENCODED
-            .to_owned()
-            .into_iter()
-            .take(165)
-            .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
-        let reader = Reader::new(&invalid[..]).unwrap();
-        for value in reader {
-            assert!(value.is_err());
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/schema.rs b/lang/rust/src/schema.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index efafed5c17d..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/schema.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1367 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic for parsing and interacting with schemas in Avro format.
-use crate::{error::Error, types, util::MapHelper, AvroResult};
-use digest::Digest;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use regex::Regex;
-use serde::{
-    ser::{SerializeMap, SerializeSeq},
-    Deserialize, Serialize, Serializer,
-};
-use serde_json::{Map, Value};
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    convert::TryInto,
-    fmt,
-    str::FromStr,
-};
-use strum_macros::{EnumDiscriminants, EnumString};
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME: Regex = Regex::new(r"[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*").unwrap();
-}
-
-/// Represents an Avro schema fingerprint
-/// More information about Avro schema fingerprints can be found in the
-/// [Avro Schema Fingerprint documentation](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schema_fingerprints)
-pub struct SchemaFingerprint {
-    pub bytes: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for SchemaFingerprint {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "{}",
-            self.bytes
-                .iter()
-                .map(|byte| format!("{:02x}", byte))
-                .collect::<Vec<String>>()
-                .join("")
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents any valid Avro schema
-/// More information about Avro schemas can be found in the
-/// [Avro Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas)
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumDiscriminants)]
-#[strum_discriminants(name(SchemaKind), derive(Hash))]
-pub enum Schema {
-    /// A `null` Avro schema.
-    Null,
-    /// A `boolean` Avro schema.
-    Boolean,
-    /// An `int` Avro schema.
-    Int,
-    /// A `long` Avro schema.
-    Long,
-    /// A `float` Avro schema.
-    Float,
-    /// A `double` Avro schema.
-    Double,
-    /// A `bytes` Avro schema.
-    /// `Bytes` represents a sequence of 8-bit unsigned bytes.
-    Bytes,
-    /// A `string` Avro schema.
-    /// `String` represents a unicode character sequence.
-    String,
-    /// A `array` Avro schema. Avro arrays are required to have the same type for each element.
-    /// This variant holds the `Schema` for the array element type.
-    Array(Box<Schema>),
-    /// A `map` Avro schema.
-    /// `Map` holds a pointer to the `Schema` of its values, which must all be the same schema.
-    /// `Map` keys are assumed to be `string`.
-    Map(Box<Schema>),
-    /// A `union` Avro schema.
-    Union(UnionSchema),
-    /// A `record` Avro schema.
-    ///
-    /// The `lookup` table maps field names to their position in the `Vec`
-    /// of `fields`.
-    Record {
-        name: Name,
-        doc: Documentation,
-        fields: Vec<RecordField>,
-        lookup: HashMap<String, usize>,
-    },
-    /// An `enum` Avro schema.
-    Enum {
-        name: Name,
-        doc: Documentation,
-        symbols: Vec<String>,
-    },
-    /// A `fixed` Avro schema.
-    Fixed { name: Name, size: usize },
-    /// Logical type which represents `Decimal` values. The underlying type is serialized and
-    /// deserialized as `Schema::Bytes` or `Schema::Fixed`.
-    ///
-    /// `scale` defaults to 0 and is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and `precision` is an
-    /// integer greater than 0.
-    Decimal {
-        precision: DecimalMetadata,
-        scale: DecimalMetadata,
-        inner: Box<Schema>,
-    },
-    /// A universally unique identifier, annotating a string.
-    Uuid,
-    /// Logical type which represents the number of days since the unix epoch.
-    /// Serialization format is `Schema::Int`.
-    Date,
-    /// The time of day in number of milliseconds after midnight with no reference any calendar,
-    /// time zone or date in particular.
-    TimeMillis,
-    /// The time of day in number of microseconds after midnight with no reference any calendar,
-    /// time zone or date in particular.
-    TimeMicros,
-    /// An instant in time represented as the number of milliseconds after the UNIX epoch.
-    TimestampMillis,
-    /// An instant in time represented as the number of microseconds after the UNIX epoch.
-    TimestampMicros,
-    /// An amount of time defined by a number of months, days and milliseconds.
-    Duration,
-}
-
-impl PartialEq for Schema {
-    /// Assess equality of two `Schema` based on [Parsing Canonical Form].
-    ///
-    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
-    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.canonical_form() == other.canonical_form()
-    }
-}
-
-impl SchemaKind {
-    pub fn is_primitive(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self,
-            SchemaKind::Null
-                | SchemaKind::Boolean
-                | SchemaKind::Int
-                | SchemaKind::Long
-                | SchemaKind::Double
-                | SchemaKind::Float
-                | SchemaKind::Bytes
-                | SchemaKind::String,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a types::Value> for SchemaKind {
-    fn from(value: &'a types::Value) -> Self {
-        use crate::types::Value;
-        match value {
-            Value::Null => Self::Null,
-            Value::Boolean(_) => Self::Boolean,
-            Value::Int(_) => Self::Int,
-            Value::Long(_) => Self::Long,
-            Value::Float(_) => Self::Float,
-            Value::Double(_) => Self::Double,
-            Value::Bytes(_) => Self::Bytes,
-            Value::String(_) => Self::String,
-            Value::Array(_) => Self::Array,
-            Value::Map(_) => Self::Map,
-            Value::Union(_) => Self::Union,
-            Value::Record(_) => Self::Record,
-            Value::Enum(_, _) => Self::Enum,
-            Value::Fixed(_, _) => Self::Fixed,
-            Value::Decimal { .. } => Self::Decimal,
-            Value::Uuid(_) => Self::Uuid,
-            Value::Date(_) => Self::Date,
-            Value::TimeMillis(_) => Self::TimeMillis,
-            Value::TimeMicros(_) => Self::TimeMicros,
-            Value::TimestampMillis(_) => Self::TimestampMillis,
-            Value::TimestampMicros(_) => Self::TimestampMicros,
-            Value::Duration { .. } => Self::Duration,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents names for `record`, `enum` and `fixed` Avro schemas.
-///
-/// Each of these `Schema`s have a `fullname` composed of two parts:
-///   * a name
-///   * a namespace
-///
-/// `aliases` can also be defined, to facilitate schema evolution.
-///
-/// More information about schema names can be found in the
-/// [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names)
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
-pub struct Name {
-    pub name: String,
-    pub namespace: Option<String>,
-    pub aliases: Option<Vec<String>>,
-}
-
-/// Represents documentation for complex Avro schemas.
-pub type Documentation = Option<String>;
-
-impl Name {
-    /// Create a new `Name`.
-    /// No `namespace` nor `aliases` will be defined.
-    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Name {
-        Name {
-            name: name.to_owned(),
-            namespace: None,
-            aliases: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` into a `Name`.
-    fn parse(complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Self> {
-        let name = complex.name().ok_or(Error::GetNameField)?;
-
-        let namespace = complex.string("namespace");
-
-        let aliases: Option<Vec<String>> = complex
-            .get("aliases")
-            .and_then(|aliases| aliases.as_array())
-            .and_then(|aliases| {
-                aliases
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|alias| alias.as_str())
-                    .map(|alias| alias.map(|a| a.to_string()))
-                    .collect::<Option<_>>()
-            });
-
-        Ok(Name {
-            name,
-            namespace,
-            aliases,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Return the `fullname` of this `Name`
-    ///
-    /// More information about fullnames can be found in the
-    /// [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names)
-    pub fn fullname(&self, default_namespace: Option<&str>) -> String {
-        if self.name.contains('.') {
-            self.name.clone()
-        } else {
-            let namespace = self
-                .namespace
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|s| s.as_ref())
-                .or(default_namespace);
-
-            match namespace {
-                Some(ref namespace) => format!("{}.{}", namespace, self.name),
-                None => self.name.clone(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a `field` in a `record` Avro schema.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct RecordField {
-    /// Name of the field.
-    pub name: String,
-    /// Documentation of the field.
-    pub doc: Documentation,
-    /// Default value of the field.
-    /// This value will be used when reading Avro datum if schema resolution
-    /// is enabled.
-    pub default: Option<Value>,
-    /// Schema of the field.
-    pub schema: Schema,
-    /// Order of the field.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This currently has no effect.
-    pub order: RecordFieldOrder,
-    /// Position of the field in the list of `field` of its parent `Schema`
-    pub position: usize,
-}
-
-/// Represents any valid order for a `field` in a `record` Avro schema.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, EnumString)]
-#[strum(serialize_all = "kebab_case")]
-pub enum RecordFieldOrder {
-    Ascending,
-    Descending,
-    Ignore,
-}
-
-impl RecordField {
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` into a `RecordField`.
-    fn parse(field: &Map<String, Value>, position: usize, parser: &mut Parser) -> AvroResult<Self> {
-        let name = field.name().ok_or(Error::GetNameFieldFromRecord)?;
-
-        // TODO: "type" = "<record name>"
-        let schema = parser.parse_complex(field)?;
-
-        let default = field.get("default").cloned();
-
-        let order = field
-            .get("order")
-            .and_then(|order| order.as_str())
-            .and_then(|order| RecordFieldOrder::from_str(order).ok())
-            .unwrap_or(RecordFieldOrder::Ascending);
-
-        Ok(RecordField {
-            name,
-            doc: field.doc(),
-            default,
-            schema,
-            order,
-            position,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct UnionSchema {
-    pub(crate) schemas: Vec<Schema>,
-    // Used to ensure uniqueness of schema inputs, and provide constant time finding of the
-    // schema index given a value.
-    // **NOTE** that this approach does not work for named types, and will have to be modified
-    // to support that. A simple solution is to also keep a mapping of the names used.
-    variant_index: HashMap<SchemaKind, usize>,
-}
-
-impl UnionSchema {
-    pub(crate) fn new(schemas: Vec<Schema>) -> AvroResult<Self> {
-        let mut vindex = HashMap::new();
-        for (i, schema) in schemas.iter().enumerate() {
-            if let Schema::Union(_) = schema {
-                return Err(Error::GetNestedUnion);
-            }
-            let kind = SchemaKind::from(schema);
-            if vindex.insert(kind, i).is_some() {
-                return Err(Error::GetUnionDuplicate);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(UnionSchema {
-            schemas,
-            variant_index: vindex,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a slice to all variants of this schema.
-    pub fn variants(&self) -> &[Schema] {
-        &self.schemas
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the first variant of this `UnionSchema` is `Null`.
-    pub fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.schemas.is_empty() && self.schemas[0] == Schema::Null
-    }
-
-    /// Optionally returns a reference to the schema matched by this value, as well as its position
-    /// within this union.
-    pub fn find_schema(&self, value: &types::Value) -> Option<(usize, &Schema)> {
-        let type_index = &SchemaKind::from(value);
-        if let Some(&i) = self.variant_index.get(type_index) {
-            // fast path
-            Some((i, &self.schemas[i]))
-        } else {
-            // slow path (required for matching logical types)
-            self.schemas
-                .iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .find(|(_, schema)| value.validate(schema))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// No need to compare variant_index, it is derivative of schemas.
-impl PartialEq for UnionSchema {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &UnionSchema) -> bool {
-        self.schemas.eq(&other.schemas)
-    }
-}
-
-type DecimalMetadata = usize;
-pub(crate) type Precision = DecimalMetadata;
-pub(crate) type Scale = DecimalMetadata;
-
-fn parse_json_integer_for_decimal(value: &serde_json::Number) -> Result<DecimalMetadata, Error> {
-    Ok(if value.is_u64() {
-        let num = value
-            .as_u64()
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetU64FromJson(value.clone()))?;
-        num.try_into()
-            .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertU64ToUsize(e, num))?
-    } else if value.is_i64() {
-        let num = value
-            .as_i64()
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::GetI64FromJson(value.clone()))?;
-        num.try_into()
-            .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI64ToUsize(e, num))?
-    } else {
-        return Err(Error::GetPrecisionOrScaleFromJson(value.clone()));
-    })
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct Parser {
-    input_schemas: HashMap<String, Value>,
-    input_order: Vec<String>,
-    parsed_schemas: HashMap<String, Schema>,
-}
-
-impl Schema {
-    /// Converts `self` into its [Parsing Canonical Form].
-    ///
-    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
-    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
-    pub fn canonical_form(&self) -> String {
-        let json = serde_json::to_value(self)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("cannot parse Schema from JSON: {0}", e));
-        parsing_canonical_form(&json)
-    }
-
-    /// Generate [fingerprint] of Schema's [Parsing Canonical Form].
-    ///
-    /// [Parsing Canonical Form]:
-    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
-    /// [fingerprint]:
-    /// https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schema_fingerprints
-    pub fn fingerprint<D: Digest>(&self) -> SchemaFingerprint {
-        let mut d = D::new();
-        d.update(self.canonical_form());
-        SchemaFingerprint {
-            bytes: d.finalize().to_vec(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create a `Schema` from a string representing a JSON Avro schema.
-    pub fn parse_str(input: &str) -> Result<Schema, Error> {
-        let mut parser = Parser::default();
-        parser.parse_str(input)
-    }
-
-    /// Create a array of `Schema`'s from a list of named JSON Avro schemas (Record, Enum, and
-    /// Fixed).
-    ///
-    /// It is allowed that the schemas have cross-dependencies; these will be resolved
-    /// during parsing.
-    ///
-    /// If two of the input schemas have the same fullname, an Error will be returned.
-    pub fn parse_list(input: &[&str]) -> Result<Vec<Schema>, Error> {
-        let mut input_schemas: HashMap<String, Value> = HashMap::with_capacity(input.len());
-        let mut input_order: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(input.len());
-        for js in input {
-            let schema: Value = serde_json::from_str(js).map_err(Error::ParseSchemaJson)?;
-            if let Value::Object(inner) = &schema {
-                let fullname = Name::parse(inner)?.fullname(None);
-                let previous_value = input_schemas.insert(fullname.clone(), schema);
-                if previous_value.is_some() {
-                    return Err(Error::NameCollision(fullname));
-                }
-                input_order.push(fullname);
-            } else {
-                return Err(Error::GetNameField);
-            }
-        }
-        let mut parser = Parser {
-            input_schemas,
-            input_order,
-            parsed_schemas: HashMap::with_capacity(input.len()),
-        };
-        parser.parse_list()
-    }
-
-    pub fn parse(value: &Value) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        let mut parser = Parser::default();
-        parser.parse(value)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Parser {
-    /// Create a `Schema` from a string representing a JSON Avro schema.
-    fn parse_str(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Schema, Error> {
-        // TODO: (#82) this should be a ParseSchemaError wrapping the JSON error
-        let value = serde_json::from_str(input).map_err(Error::ParseSchemaJson)?;
-        self.parse(&value)
-    }
-
-    /// Create an array of `Schema`'s from an iterator of JSON Avro schemas. It is allowed that
-    /// the schemas have cross-dependencies; these will be resolved during parsing.
-    fn parse_list(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Schema>, Error> {
-        while !self.input_schemas.is_empty() {
-            let next_name = self
-                .input_schemas
-                .keys()
-                .next()
-                .expect("Input schemas unexpectedly empty")
-                .to_owned();
-            let (name, value) = self
-                .input_schemas
-                .remove_entry(&next_name)
-                .expect("Key unexpectedly missing");
-            let parsed = self.parse(&value)?;
-            self.parsed_schemas.insert(name, parsed);
-        }
-
-        let mut parsed_schemas = Vec::with_capacity(self.parsed_schemas.len());
-        for name in self.input_order.drain(0..) {
-            let parsed = self
-                .parsed_schemas
-                .remove(&name)
-                .expect("One of the input schemas was unexpectedly not parsed");
-            parsed_schemas.push(parsed);
-        }
-        Ok(parsed_schemas)
-    }
-
-    /// Create a `Schema` from a `serde_json::Value` representing a JSON Avro
-    /// schema.
-    fn parse(&mut self, value: &Value) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        match *value {
-            Value::String(ref t) => self.parse_known_schema(t.as_str()),
-            Value::Object(ref data) => self.parse_complex(data),
-            Value::Array(ref data) => self.parse_union(data),
-            _ => Err(Error::ParseSchemaFromValidJson),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing an Avro type whose Schema is known into a
-    /// `Schema`. A Schema for a `serde_json::Value` is known if it is primitive or has
-    /// been parsed previously by the parsed and stored in its map of parsed_schemas.
-    fn parse_known_schema(&mut self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        match name {
-            "null" => Ok(Schema::Null),
-            "boolean" => Ok(Schema::Boolean),
-            "int" => Ok(Schema::Int),
-            "long" => Ok(Schema::Long),
-            "double" => Ok(Schema::Double),
-            "float" => Ok(Schema::Float),
-            "bytes" => Ok(Schema::Bytes),
-            "string" => Ok(Schema::String),
-            _ => self.fetch_schema(name),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Given a name, tries to retrieve the parsed schema from `parsed_schemas`.
-    /// If a parsed schema is not found, it checks if a json  with that name exists
-    /// in `input_schemas` and then parses it  (removing it from `input_schemas`)
-    /// and adds the parsed schema to `parsed_schemas`
-    ///
-    /// This method allows schemas definitions that depend on other types to
-    /// parse their dependencies (or look them up if already parsed).
-    fn fetch_schema(&mut self, name: &str) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        if let Some(parsed) = self.parsed_schemas.get(name) {
-            return Ok(parsed.clone());
-        }
-        let value = self
-            .input_schemas
-            .remove(name)
-            .ok_or_else(|| Error::ParsePrimitive(name.into()))?;
-        let parsed = self.parse(&value)?;
-        self.parsed_schemas.insert(name.to_string(), parsed.clone());
-        Ok(parsed)
-    }
-
-    fn parse_precision_and_scale(
-        complex: &Map<String, Value>,
-    ) -> Result<(Precision, Scale), Error> {
-        fn get_decimal_integer(
-            complex: &Map<String, Value>,
-            key: &'static str,
-        ) -> Result<DecimalMetadata, Error> {
-            match complex.get(key) {
-                Some(&Value::Number(ref value)) => parse_json_integer_for_decimal(value),
-                None => Err(Error::GetDecimalMetadataFromJson(key)),
-                Some(precision) => Err(Error::GetDecimalPrecisionFromJson {
-                    key: key.into(),
-                    precision: precision.clone(),
-                }),
-            }
-        }
-        let precision = get_decimal_integer(complex, "precision")?;
-        let scale = get_decimal_integer(complex, "scale")?;
-        Ok((precision, scale))
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a complex Avro type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    ///
-    /// Avro supports "recursive" definition of types.
-    /// e.g: {"type": {"type": "string"}}
-    fn parse_complex(&mut self, complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        fn logical_verify_type(
-            complex: &Map<String, Value>,
-            kinds: &[SchemaKind],
-            parser: &mut Parser,
-        ) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-            match complex.get("type") {
-                Some(value) => {
-                    let ty = parser.parse(value)?;
-                    if kinds
-                        .iter()
-                        .any(|&kind| SchemaKind::from(ty.clone()) == kind)
-                    {
-                        Ok(ty)
-                    } else {
-                        Err(Error::GetLogicalTypeVariant(value.clone()))
-                    }
-                }
-                None => Err(Error::GetLogicalTypeField),
-            }
-        }
-        match complex.get("logicalType") {
-            Some(&Value::String(ref t)) => match t.as_str() {
-                "decimal" => {
-                    let inner = Box::new(logical_verify_type(
-                        complex,
-                        &[SchemaKind::Fixed, SchemaKind::Bytes],
-                        self,
-                    )?);
-
-                    let (precision, scale) = Self::parse_precision_and_scale(complex)?;
-
-                    return Ok(Schema::Decimal {
-                        precision,
-                        scale,
-                        inner,
-                    });
-                }
-                "uuid" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::String], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::Uuid);
-                }
-                "date" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Int], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::Date);
-                }
-                "time-millis" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Int], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::TimeMillis);
-                }
-                "time-micros" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Long], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::TimeMicros);
-                }
-                "timestamp-millis" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Long], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::TimestampMillis);
-                }
-                "timestamp-micros" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Long], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::TimestampMicros);
-                }
-                "duration" => {
-                    logical_verify_type(complex, &[SchemaKind::Fixed], self)?;
-                    return Ok(Schema::Duration);
-                }
-                // In this case, of an unknown logical type, we just pass through to the underlying
-                // type.
-                _ => {}
-            },
-            // The spec says to ignore invalid logical types and just continue through to the
-            // underlying type - It is unclear whether that applies to this case or not, where the
-            // `logicalType` is not a string.
-            Some(_) => return Err(Error::GetLogicalTypeFieldType),
-            _ => {}
-        }
-        match complex.get("type") {
-            Some(&Value::String(ref t)) => match t.as_str() {
-                "record" => self.parse_record(complex),
-                "enum" => Self::parse_enum(complex),
-                "array" => self.parse_array(complex),
-                "map" => self.parse_map(complex),
-                "fixed" => Self::parse_fixed(complex),
-                other => self.parse_known_schema(other),
-            },
-            Some(&Value::Object(ref data)) => self.parse_complex(data),
-            Some(&Value::Array(ref variants)) => self.parse_union(variants),
-            Some(unknown) => Err(Error::GetComplexType(unknown.clone())),
-            None => Err(Error::GetComplexTypeField),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro record type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_record(&mut self, complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        let name = Name::parse(complex)?;
-
-        let mut lookup = HashMap::new();
-
-        let fields: Vec<RecordField> = complex
-            .get("fields")
-            .and_then(|fields| fields.as_array())
-            .ok_or(Error::GetRecordFieldsJson)
-            .and_then(|fields| {
-                fields
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|field| field.as_object())
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .map(|(position, field)| RecordField::parse(field, position, self))
-                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()
-            })?;
-
-        for field in &fields {
-            lookup.insert(field.name.clone(), field.position);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Schema::Record {
-            name,
-            doc: complex.doc(),
-            fields,
-            lookup,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro enum type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_enum(complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        let name = Name::parse(complex)?;
-
-        let symbols: Vec<String> = complex
-            .get("symbols")
-            .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
-            .ok_or(Error::GetEnumSymbolsField)
-            .and_then(|symbols| {
-                symbols
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|symbol| symbol.as_str().map(|s| s.to_string()))
-                    .collect::<Option<_>>()
-                    .ok_or(Error::GetEnumSymbols)
-            })?;
-
-        let mut existing_symbols: HashSet<&String> = HashSet::with_capacity(symbols.len());
-        for symbol in symbols.iter() {
-            // Ensure enum symbol names match [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*
-            if !ENUM_SYMBOL_NAME.is_match(symbol) {
-                return Err(Error::EnumSymbolName(symbol.to_string()));
-            }
-
-            // Ensure there are no duplicate symbols
-            if existing_symbols.contains(&symbol) {
-                return Err(Error::EnumSymbolDuplicate(symbol.to_string()));
-            }
-
-            existing_symbols.insert(symbol);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Schema::Enum {
-            name,
-            doc: complex.doc(),
-            symbols,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro array type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_array(&mut self, complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        complex
-            .get("items")
-            .ok_or(Error::GetArrayItemsField)
-            .and_then(|items| self.parse(items))
-            .map(|schema| Schema::Array(Box::new(schema)))
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro map type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_map(&mut self, complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        complex
-            .get("values")
-            .ok_or(Error::GetMapValuesField)
-            .and_then(|items| self.parse(items))
-            .map(|schema| Schema::Map(Box::new(schema)))
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro union type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_union(&mut self, items: &[Value]) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        items
-            .iter()
-            .map(|v| self.parse(v))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-            .and_then(|schemas| Ok(Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(schemas)?)))
-    }
-
-    /// Parse a `serde_json::Value` representing a Avro fixed type into a
-    /// `Schema`.
-    fn parse_fixed(complex: &Map<String, Value>) -> AvroResult<Schema> {
-        let name = Name::parse(complex)?;
-
-        let size = complex
-            .get("size")
-            .and_then(|v| v.as_i64())
-            .ok_or(Error::GetFixedSizeField)?;
-
-        Ok(Schema::Fixed {
-            name,
-            size: size as usize,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl Serialize for Schema {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: Serializer,
-    {
-        match *self {
-            Schema::Null => serializer.serialize_str("null"),
-            Schema::Boolean => serializer.serialize_str("boolean"),
-            Schema::Int => serializer.serialize_str("int"),
-            Schema::Long => serializer.serialize_str("long"),
-            Schema::Float => serializer.serialize_str("float"),
-            Schema::Double => serializer.serialize_str("double"),
-            Schema::Bytes => serializer.serialize_str("bytes"),
-            Schema::String => serializer.serialize_str("string"),
-            Schema::Array(ref inner) => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2))?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "array")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("items", &*inner.clone())?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Map(ref inner) => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(2))?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "map")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("values", &*inner.clone())?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Union(ref inner) => {
-                let variants = inner.variants();
-                let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(variants.len()))?;
-                for v in variants {
-                    seq.serialize_element(v)?;
-                }
-                seq.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Record {
-                ref name,
-                ref doc,
-                ref fields,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "record")?;
-                if let Some(ref n) = name.namespace {
-                    map.serialize_entry("namespace", n)?;
-                }
-                map.serialize_entry("name", &name.name)?;
-                if let Some(ref docstr) = doc {
-                    map.serialize_entry("doc", docstr)?;
-                }
-                if let Some(ref aliases) = name.aliases {
-                    map.serialize_entry("aliases", aliases)?;
-                }
-                map.serialize_entry("fields", fields)?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Enum {
-                ref name,
-                ref symbols,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "enum")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("name", &name.name)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("symbols", symbols)?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Fixed { ref name, ref size } => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "fixed")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("name", &name.name)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("size", size)?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Decimal {
-                ref scale,
-                ref precision,
-                ref inner,
-            } => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", &*inner.clone())?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "decimal")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("scale", scale)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("precision", precision)?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Uuid => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "string")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "uuid")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Date => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "int")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "date")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::TimeMillis => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "int")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "time-millis")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::TimeMicros => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "time-micros")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::TimestampMillis => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "timestamp-millis")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::TimestampMicros => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("type", "long")?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "timestamp-micros")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-            Schema::Duration => {
-                let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-
-                // the Avro doesn't indicate what the name of the underlying fixed type of a
-                // duration should be or typically is.
-                let inner = Schema::Fixed {
-                    name: Name::new("duration"),
-                    size: 12,
-                };
-                map.serialize_entry("type", &inner)?;
-                map.serialize_entry("logicalType", "duration")?;
-                map.end()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Serialize for RecordField {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: Serializer,
-    {
-        let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(None)?;
-        map.serialize_entry("name", &self.name)?;
-        map.serialize_entry("type", &self.schema)?;
-
-        if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
-            map.serialize_entry("default", default)?;
-        }
-
-        map.end()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parses a **valid** avro schema into the Parsing Canonical Form.
-/// https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.8.2/spec.html#Parsing+Canonical+Form+for+Schemas
-fn parsing_canonical_form(schema: &serde_json::Value) -> String {
-    match schema {
-        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => pcf_map(map),
-        serde_json::Value::String(s) => pcf_string(s),
-        serde_json::Value::Array(v) => pcf_array(v),
-        json => panic!(
-            "got invalid JSON value for canonical form of schema: {0}",
-            json
-        ),
-    }
-}
-
-fn pcf_map(schema: &Map<String, serde_json::Value>) -> String {
-    // Look for the namespace variant up front.
-    let ns = schema.get("namespace").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
-    let mut fields = Vec::new();
-    for (k, v) in schema {
-        // Reduce primitive types to their simple form. ([PRIMITIVE] rule)
-        if schema.len() == 1 && k == "type" {
-            // Invariant: function is only callable from a valid schema, so this is acceptable.
-            if let serde_json::Value::String(s) = v {
-                return pcf_string(s);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Strip out unused fields ([STRIP] rule)
-        if field_ordering_position(k).is_none() || k == "default" || k == "doc" || k == "aliases" {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Fully qualify the name, if it isn't already ([FULLNAMES] rule).
-        if k == "name" {
-            // Invariant: Only valid schemas. Must be a string.
-            let name = v.as_str().unwrap();
-            let n = match ns {
-                Some(namespace) if !name.contains('.') => {
-                    Cow::Owned(format!("{}.{}", namespace, name))
-                }
-                _ => Cow::Borrowed(name),
-            };
-
-            fields.push((k, format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), pcf_string(&*n))));
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Strip off quotes surrounding "size" type, if they exist ([INTEGERS] rule).
-        if k == "size" {
-            let i = match v.as_str() {
-                Some(s) => s.parse::<i64>().expect("Only valid schemas are accepted!"),
-                None => v.as_i64().unwrap(),
-            };
-            fields.push((k, format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), i)));
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // For anything else, recursively process the result.
-        fields.push((
-            k,
-            format!("{}:{}", pcf_string(k), parsing_canonical_form(v)),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // Sort the fields by their canonical ordering ([ORDER] rule).
-    fields.sort_unstable_by_key(|(k, _)| field_ordering_position(k).unwrap());
-    let inter = fields
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(_, v)| v)
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join(",");
-    format!("{{{}}}", inter)
-}
-
-fn pcf_array(arr: &[serde_json::Value]) -> String {
-    let inter = arr
-        .iter()
-        .map(parsing_canonical_form)
-        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
-        .join(",");
-    format!("[{}]", inter)
-}
-
-fn pcf_string(s: &str) -> String {
-    format!("\"{}\"", s)
-}
-
-const RESERVED_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
-    "name",
-    "type",
-    "fields",
-    "symbols",
-    "items",
-    "values",
-    "logicalType",
-    "size",
-    "order",
-    "doc",
-    "aliases",
-    "default",
-];
-
-// Used to define the ordering and inclusion of fields.
-fn field_ordering_position(field: &str) -> Option<usize> {
-    RESERVED_FIELDS
-        .iter()
-        .position(|&f| f == field)
-        .map(|pos| pos + 1)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_invalid_schema() {
-        assert!(Schema::parse_str("invalid").is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_primitive_schema() {
-        assert_eq!(Schema::Null, Schema::parse_str("\"null\"").unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(Schema::Int, Schema::parse_str("\"int\"").unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(Schema::Double, Schema::parse_str("\"double\"").unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "array", "items": "string"}"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::String)), schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_map_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "map", "values": "double"}"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Double)), schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", "int"]"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int]).unwrap()),
-            schema
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_unsupported_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", ["null", "int"], "string"]"#);
-        assert!(schema.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_multi_union_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"["null", "int", "float", "string", "bytes"]"#);
-        assert!(schema.is_ok());
-        let schema = schema.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(&schema), SchemaKind::Union);
-        let union_schema = match schema {
-            Schema::Union(u) => u,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        assert_eq!(union_schema.variants().len(), 5);
-        let mut variants = union_schema.variants().iter();
-        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()), SchemaKind::Null);
-        assert_eq!(SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()), SchemaKind::Int);
-        assert_eq!(
-            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
-            SchemaKind::Float
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
-            SchemaKind::String
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            SchemaKind::from(variants.next().unwrap()),
-            SchemaKind::Bytes
-        );
-        assert_eq!(variants.next(), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_record_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-            {
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "test",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-                    {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
-                ]
-            }
-        "#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let mut lookup = HashMap::new();
-        lookup.insert("a".to_owned(), 0);
-        lookup.insert("b".to_owned(), 1);
-
-        let expected = Schema::Record {
-            name: Name::new("test"),
-            doc: None,
-            fields: vec![
-                RecordField {
-                    name: "a".to_string(),
-                    doc: None,
-                    default: Some(Value::Number(42i64.into())),
-                    schema: Schema::Long,
-                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
-                    position: 0,
-                },
-                RecordField {
-                    name: "b".to_string(),
-                    doc: None,
-                    default: None,
-                    schema: Schema::String,
-                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
-                    position: 1,
-                },
-            ],
-            lookup,
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Suit", "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "hearts"]}"#,
-        ).unwrap();
-
-        let expected = Schema::Enum {
-            name: Name::new("Suit"),
-            doc: None,
-            symbols: vec![
-                "diamonds".to_owned(),
-                "spades".to_owned(),
-                "clubs".to_owned(),
-                "hearts".to_owned(),
-            ],
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum_schema_duplicate() {
-        // Duplicate "diamonds"
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Suit", "symbols": ["diamonds", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"]}"#,
-        );
-        assert!(schema.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum_schema_name() {
-        // Invalid name "0000" does not match [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Enum", "symbols": ["0000", "variant"]}"#,
-        );
-        assert!(schema.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_fixed_schema() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "test", "size": 16}"#).unwrap();
-
-        let expected = Schema::Fixed {
-            name: Name::new("test"),
-            size: 16usize,
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(expected, schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_no_documentation() {
-        let schema =
-            Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Coin", "symbols": ["heads", "tails"]}"#)
-                .unwrap();
-
-        let doc = match schema {
-            Schema::Enum { doc, .. } => doc,
-            _ => return,
-        };
-
-        assert!(doc.is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_documentation() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Coin", "doc": "Some documentation", "symbols": ["heads", "tails"]}"#
-        ).unwrap();
-
-        let doc = match schema {
-            Schema::Enum { doc, .. } => doc,
-            _ => None,
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!("Some documentation".to_owned(), doc.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    // Tests to ensure Schema is Send + Sync. These tests don't need to _do_ anything, if they can
-    // compile, they pass.
-    #[test]
-    fn test_schema_is_send() {
-        fn send<S: Send>(_s: S) {}
-
-        let schema = Schema::Null;
-        send(schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_schema_is_sync() {
-        fn sync<S: Sync>(_s: S) {}
-
-        let schema = Schema::Null;
-        sync(&schema);
-        sync(schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_schema_fingerprint() {
-        use crate::rabin::Rabin;
-        use md5::Md5;
-        use sha2::Sha256;
-
-        let raw_schema = r#"
-    {
-        "type": "record",
-        "name": "test",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "a", "type": "long", "default": 42},
-            {"name": "b", "type": "string"},
-            {"name": "c", "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}
-        ]
-    }
-"#;
-
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            "abf662f831715ff78f88545a05a9262af75d6406b54e1a8a174ff1d2b75affc4",
-            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Sha256>())
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            "6e21c350f71b1a34e9efe90970f1bc69",
-            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Md5>())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            "28cf0a67d9937bb3",
-            format!("{}", schema.fingerprint::<Rabin>())
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_logical_types() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::Date);
-
-        let schema =
-            Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(schema, Schema::TimestampMicros);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_nullable_logical_type() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type": ["null", {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}]}"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            schema,
-            Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::TimestampMicros]).unwrap())
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn record_field_order_from_str() {
-        use std::str::FromStr;
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("ascending").unwrap(),
-            RecordFieldOrder::Ascending
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("descending").unwrap(),
-            RecordFieldOrder::Descending
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            RecordFieldOrder::from_str("ignore").unwrap(),
-            RecordFieldOrder::Ignore
-        );
-        assert!(RecordFieldOrder::from_str("not an ordering").is_err());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/schema_compatibility.rs b/lang/rust/src/schema_compatibility.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f2a5cfdad0..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/schema_compatibility.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,904 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic for checking schema compatibility
-use crate::schema::{Schema, SchemaKind};
-use std::{
-    collections::{hash_map::DefaultHasher, HashSet},
-    hash::Hasher,
-    ptr,
-};
-
-pub struct SchemaCompatibility;
-
-struct Checker {
-    recursion: HashSet<(u64, u64)>,
-}
-
-impl Checker {
-    /// Create a new checker, with recursion set to an empty set.
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            recursion: HashSet::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn can_read(&mut self, writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        self.full_match_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn full_match_schemas(
-        &mut self,
-        writers_schema: &Schema,
-        readers_schema: &Schema,
-    ) -> bool {
-        if self.recursion_in_progress(writers_schema, readers_schema) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if !SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
-        let r_type = SchemaKind::from(readers_schema);
-
-        if w_type != SchemaKind::Union && (r_type.is_primitive() || r_type == SchemaKind::Fixed) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        match r_type {
-            SchemaKind::Record => self.match_record_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
-            SchemaKind::Map => {
-                if let Schema::Map(w_m) = writers_schema {
-                    if let Schema::Map(r_m) = readers_schema {
-                        self.full_match_schemas(w_m, r_m)
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Map")
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Map")
-                }
-            }
-            SchemaKind::Array => {
-                if let Schema::Array(w_a) = writers_schema {
-                    if let Schema::Array(r_a) = readers_schema {
-                        self.full_match_schemas(w_a, r_a)
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Array")
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Array")
-                }
-            }
-            SchemaKind::Union => self.match_union_schemas(writers_schema, readers_schema),
-            SchemaKind::Enum => {
-                // reader's symbols must contain all writer's symbols
-                if let Schema::Enum {
-                    symbols: w_symbols, ..
-                } = writers_schema
-                {
-                    if let Schema::Enum {
-                        symbols: r_symbols, ..
-                    } = readers_schema
-                    {
-                        return !w_symbols.iter().any(|e| !r_symbols.contains(e));
-                    }
-                }
-                false
-            }
-            _ => {
-                if w_type == SchemaKind::Union {
-                    if let Schema::Union(r) = writers_schema {
-                        if r.schemas.len() == 1 {
-                            return self.full_match_schemas(&r.schemas[0], readers_schema);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                false
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn match_record_schemas(&mut self, writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Union {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if let Schema::Record {
-            fields: w_fields,
-            lookup: w_lookup,
-            ..
-        } = writers_schema
-        {
-            if let Schema::Record {
-                fields: r_fields, ..
-            } = readers_schema
-            {
-                for field in r_fields.iter() {
-                    if let Some(pos) = w_lookup.get(&field.name) {
-                        if !self.full_match_schemas(&w_fields[*pos].schema, &field.schema) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    } else if field.default.is_none() {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn match_union_schemas(&mut self, writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
-        let r_type = SchemaKind::from(readers_schema);
-
-        assert_eq!(r_type, SchemaKind::Union);
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Union {
-            if let Schema::Union(u) = writers_schema {
-                u.schemas
-                    .iter()
-                    .all(|schema| self.full_match_schemas(schema, readers_schema))
-            } else {
-                unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Union")
-            }
-        } else if let Schema::Union(u) = readers_schema {
-            u.schemas
-                .iter()
-                .any(|schema| self.full_match_schemas(writers_schema, schema))
-        } else {
-            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Union")
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn recursion_in_progress(&mut self, writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
-        ptr::hash(writers_schema, &mut hasher);
-        let w_hash = hasher.finish();
-
-        hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
-        ptr::hash(readers_schema, &mut hasher);
-        let r_hash = hasher.finish();
-
-        let key = (w_hash, r_hash);
-        // This is a shortcut to add if not exists *and* return false. It will return true
-        // if it was able to insert.
-        !self.recursion.insert(key)
-    }
-}
-
-impl SchemaCompatibility {
-    /// `can_read` performs a full, recursive check that a datum written using the
-    /// writers_schema can be read using the readers_schema.
-    pub fn can_read(writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        let mut c = Checker::new();
-        c.can_read(writers_schema, readers_schema)
-    }
-
-    /// `mutual_read` performs a full, recursive check that a datum written using either
-    /// the writers_schema or the readers_schema can be read using the other schema.
-    pub fn mutual_read(writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writers_schema, readers_schema)
-            && SchemaCompatibility::can_read(readers_schema, writers_schema)
-    }
-
-    ///  `match_schemas` performs a basic check that a datum written with the
-    ///  writers_schema could be read using the readers_schema. This check only includes
-    ///  matching the types, including schema promotion, and matching the full name for
-    ///  named types. Aliases for named types are not supported here, and the rust
-    ///  implementation of Avro in general does not include support for aliases (I think).
-    pub(crate) fn match_schemas(writers_schema: &Schema, readers_schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        let w_type = SchemaKind::from(writers_schema);
-        let r_type = SchemaKind::from(readers_schema);
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Union || r_type == SchemaKind::Union {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if w_type == r_type {
-            if r_type.is_primitive() {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            match r_type {
-                SchemaKind::Record => {
-                    if let Schema::Record { name: w_name, .. } = writers_schema {
-                        if let Schema::Record { name: r_name, .. } = readers_schema {
-                            return w_name.fullname(None) == r_name.fullname(None);
-                        } else {
-                            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Record")
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Record")
-                    }
-                }
-                SchemaKind::Fixed => {
-                    if let Schema::Fixed {
-                        name: w_name,
-                        size: w_size,
-                    } = writers_schema
-                    {
-                        if let Schema::Fixed {
-                            name: r_name,
-                            size: r_size,
-                        } = readers_schema
-                        {
-                            return w_name.fullname(None) == r_name.fullname(None)
-                                && w_size == r_size;
-                        } else {
-                            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Fixed")
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Fixed")
-                    }
-                }
-                SchemaKind::Enum => {
-                    if let Schema::Enum { name: w_name, .. } = writers_schema {
-                        if let Schema::Enum { name: r_name, .. } = readers_schema {
-                            return w_name.fullname(None) == r_name.fullname(None);
-                        } else {
-                            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Enum")
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Enum")
-                    }
-                }
-                SchemaKind::Map => {
-                    if let Schema::Map(w_m) = writers_schema {
-                        if let Schema::Map(r_m) = readers_schema {
-                            return SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(w_m, r_m);
-                        } else {
-                            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Map")
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Map")
-                    }
-                }
-                SchemaKind::Array => {
-                    if let Schema::Array(w_a) = writers_schema {
-                        if let Schema::Array(r_a) = readers_schema {
-                            return SchemaCompatibility::match_schemas(w_a, r_a);
-                        } else {
-                            unreachable!("readers_schema should have been Schema::Array")
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        unreachable!("writers_schema should have been Schema::Array")
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => (),
-            };
-        }
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Int
-            && vec![SchemaKind::Long, SchemaKind::Float, SchemaKind::Double]
-                .iter()
-                .any(|&t| t == r_type)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Long
-            && vec![SchemaKind::Float, SchemaKind::Double]
-                .iter()
-                .any(|&t| t == r_type)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Float && r_type == SchemaKind::Double {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::String && r_type == SchemaKind::Bytes {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if w_type == SchemaKind::Bytes && r_type == SchemaKind::String {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        false
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn int_array_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"int"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn long_array_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"long"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn string_array_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"array", "items":"string"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn int_map_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"int"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn long_map_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"long"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn string_map_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"map", "values":"string"}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn enum1_ab_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["A","B"]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn enum1_abc_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["A","B","C"]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn enum1_bc_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum1", "symbols":["B","C"]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn enum2_ab_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"Enum2", "symbols":["A","B"]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn empty_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn empty_record2_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record2", "fields": []}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_int_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}]}"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_long_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"long"}]}"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_int_b_int_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}, {"name":"b", "type":"int"}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_int_b_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int"}, {"name":"b", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"Record1", "fields":[{"name":"a", "type":"int", "default":0}, {"name":"b", "type":"int", "default":0}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn nested_record() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record","name":"parent","fields":[{"name":"attribute","type":{"type":"record","name":"child","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"string"}]}}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn nested_optional_record() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record","name":"parent","fields":[{"name":"attribute","type":["null",{"type":"record","name":"child","fields":[{"name":"id","type":"string"}]}],"default":null}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn int_list_record_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"record", "name":"List", "fields": [{"name": "head", "type": "int"},{"name": "tail", "type": "array", "items": "int"}]}"#).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn long_list_record_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {
-        "type":"record", "name":"List", "fields": [
-          {"name": "head", "type": "long"},
-          {"name": "tail", "type": "array", "items": "long"}
-      ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn union_schema(schemas: Vec<Schema>) -> Schema {
-        let schema_string = schemas
-            .iter()
-            .map(|s| s.canonical_form())
-            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
-            .join(",");
-        dbg!(&schema_string);
-        Schema::parse_str(&format!("[{}]", schema_string)).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn empty_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![])
-    }
-
-    // unused
-    // fn null_union_schema() -> Schema { union_schema(vec![Schema::Null]) }
-
-    fn int_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![Schema::Int])
-    }
-
-    fn long_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![Schema::Long])
-    }
-
-    fn string_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![Schema::String])
-    }
-
-    fn int_string_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![Schema::Int, Schema::String])
-    }
-
-    fn string_int_union_schema() -> Schema {
-        union_schema(vec![Schema::String, Schema::Int])
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_broken() {
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &int_string_union_schema(),
-            &int_union_schema()
-        ))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_incompatible_reader_writer_pairs() {
-        let incompatible_schemas = vec![
-            // null
-            (Schema::Null, Schema::Int),
-            (Schema::Null, Schema::Long),
-            // boolean
-            (Schema::Boolean, Schema::Int),
-            // int
-            (Schema::Int, Schema::Null),
-            (Schema::Int, Schema::Boolean),
-            (Schema::Int, Schema::Long),
-            (Schema::Int, Schema::Float),
-            (Schema::Int, Schema::Double),
-            // long
-            (Schema::Long, Schema::Float),
-            (Schema::Long, Schema::Double),
-            // float
-            (Schema::Float, Schema::Double),
-            // string
-            (Schema::String, Schema::Boolean),
-            (Schema::String, Schema::Int),
-            // bytes
-            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::Null),
-            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::Int),
-            // array and maps
-            (int_array_schema(), long_array_schema()),
-            (int_map_schema(), int_array_schema()),
-            (int_array_schema(), int_map_schema()),
-            (int_map_schema(), long_map_schema()),
-            // enum
-            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum1_abc_schema()),
-            (enum1_bc_schema(), enum1_abc_schema()),
-            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum2_ab_schema()),
-            (Schema::Int, enum2_ab_schema()),
-            (enum2_ab_schema(), Schema::Int),
-            //union
-            (int_union_schema(), int_string_union_schema()),
-            (string_union_schema(), int_string_union_schema()),
-            //record
-            (empty_record2_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_b_dint_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
-            (int_list_record_schema(), long_list_record_schema()),
-            (nested_record(), nested_optional_record()),
-        ];
-
-        assert!(!incompatible_schemas
-            .iter()
-            .any(|(reader, writer)| SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writer, reader)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_compatible_reader_writer_pairs() {
-        let compatible_schemas = vec![
-            (Schema::Null, Schema::Null),
-            (Schema::Long, Schema::Int),
-            (Schema::Float, Schema::Int),
-            (Schema::Float, Schema::Long),
-            (Schema::Double, Schema::Long),
-            (Schema::Double, Schema::Int),
-            (Schema::Double, Schema::Float),
-            (Schema::String, Schema::Bytes),
-            (Schema::Bytes, Schema::String),
-            (int_array_schema(), int_array_schema()),
-            (long_array_schema(), int_array_schema()),
-            (int_map_schema(), int_map_schema()),
-            (long_map_schema(), int_map_schema()),
-            (enum1_ab_schema(), enum1_ab_schema()),
-            (enum1_abc_schema(), enum1_ab_schema()),
-            (empty_union_schema(), empty_union_schema()),
-            (int_union_schema(), int_union_schema()),
-            (int_string_union_schema(), string_int_union_schema()),
-            (int_union_schema(), empty_union_schema()),
-            (long_union_schema(), int_union_schema()),
-            (int_union_schema(), Schema::Int),
-            (Schema::Int, int_union_schema()),
-            (empty_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
-            (empty_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_dint_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_dint_record1_schema()),
-            (a_long_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_record1_schema(), a_int_b_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_b_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_b_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema(), empty_record1_schema()),
-            (a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema(), a_int_record1_schema()),
-            (a_int_b_int_record1_schema(), a_dint_b_dint_record1_schema()),
-            (int_list_record_schema(), int_list_record_schema()),
-            (long_list_record_schema(), long_list_record_schema()),
-            (long_list_record_schema(), int_list_record_schema()),
-            (nested_optional_record(), nested_record()),
-        ];
-
-        assert!(compatible_schemas
-            .iter()
-            .all(|(reader, writer)| SchemaCompatibility::can_read(writer, reader)));
-    }
-
-    fn writer_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-        {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
-        {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
-      ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_field() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-        {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"}
-      ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &writer_schema(),
-            &reader_schema,
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &reader_schema,
-            &writer_schema()
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_second_field() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-          {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
-        ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &writer_schema(),
-            &reader_schema
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &reader_schema,
-            &writer_schema()
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_all_fields() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
-          {"name":"oldfield2", "type":"string"}
-        ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &writer_schema(),
-            &reader_schema
-        ));
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &reader_schema,
-            &writer_schema()
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_new_field_with_default() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
-          {"name":"newfield1", "type":"int", "default":42}
-        ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &writer_schema(),
-            &reader_schema
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &reader_schema,
-            &writer_schema()
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_new_field() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-        {"type":"record", "name":"Record", "fields":[
-          {"name":"oldfield1", "type":"int"},
-          {"name":"newfield1", "type":"int"}
-        ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &writer_schema(),
-            &reader_schema
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &reader_schema,
-            &writer_schema()
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_writer_schema() {
-        let valid_reader = string_array_schema();
-        let invalid_reader = string_map_schema();
-
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &string_array_schema(),
-            &valid_reader
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &string_array_schema(),
-            &invalid_reader
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_primitive_writer_schema() {
-        let valid_reader = Schema::String;
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &Schema::String,
-            &valid_reader
-        ));
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &Schema::Int,
-            &Schema::String
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_reader_writer_subset_incompatiblity() {
-        // reader union schema must contain all writer union branches
-        let union_writer = union_schema(vec![Schema::Int, Schema::String]);
-        let union_reader = union_schema(vec![Schema::String]);
-
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&union_writer, &union_reader));
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&union_reader, &union_writer));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_incompatible_record_field() {
-        let string_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-        {"type":"record", "name":"MyRecord", "namespace":"ns", "fields": [
-            {"name":"field1", "type":"string"}
-        ]}
-        "#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let int_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"record", "name":"MyRecord", "namespace":"ns", "fields": [
-        {"name":"field1", "type":"int"}
-      ]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&string_schema, &int_schema));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enum_symbols() {
-        let enum_schema1 = Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"enum", "name":"MyEnum", "symbols":["A","B"]}
-"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let enum_schema2 =
-            Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type":"enum", "name":"MyEnum", "symbols":["A","B","C"]}"#)
-                .unwrap();
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&enum_schema2, &enum_schema1));
-        assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&enum_schema1, &enum_schema2));
-    }
-
-    // unused
-    /*
-        fn point_2d_schema() -> Schema {
-            Schema::parse_str(
-                r#"
-          {"type":"record", "name":"Point2D", "fields":[
-            {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
-            {"name":"y", "type":"double"}
-          ]}
-        "#,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-        }
-    */
-
-    fn point_2d_fullname_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "namespace":"written", "fields":[
-        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
-        {"name":"y", "type":"double"}
-      ]}
-    "#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn point_3d_no_default_schema() -> Schema {
-        Schema::parse_str(
-            r#"
-      {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "fields":[
-        {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
-        {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
-        {"name":"z", "type":"double"}
-      ]}
-    "#,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    // unused
-    /*
-        fn point_3d_schema() -> Schema {
-            Schema::parse_str(
-                r#"
-          {"type":"record", "name":"Point3D", "fields":[
-            {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
-            {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
-            {"name":"z", "type":"double", "default": 0.0}
-          ]}
-        "#,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-        }
-
-        fn point_3d_match_name_schema() -> Schema {
-            Schema::parse_str(
-                r#"
-          {"type":"record", "name":"Point", "fields":[
-            {"name":"x", "type":"double"},
-            {"name":"y", "type":"double"},
-            {"name":"z", "type":"double", "default": 0.0}
-          ]}
-        "#,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-        }
-    */
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_resolution_no_structure_match() {
-        // short name match, but no structure match
-        let read_schema = union_schema(vec![Schema::Null, point_3d_no_default_schema()]);
-        assert!(!SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-            &point_2d_fullname_schema(),
-            &read_schema
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // TODO(nlopes): the below require named schemas to be fully supported. See:
-    // https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs/pull/76
-    //
-    // #[test]
-    // fn test_union_resolution_first_structure_match_2d() {
-    //     // multiple structure matches with no name matches
-    //     let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
-    //         Schema::Null,
-    //         point_3d_no_default_schema(),
-    //         point_2d_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_schema(),
-    //     ]);
-    //     assert!(
-    //         !SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema)
-    //     );
-    // }
-
-    // #[test]
-    // fn test_union_resolution_first_structure_match_3d() {
-    //     // multiple structure matches with no name matches
-    //     let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
-    //         Schema::Null,
-    //         point_3d_no_default_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_schema(),
-    //         point_2d_schema(),
-    //     ]);
-    //     assert!(
-    //         !SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema)
-    //     );
-    // }
-
-    // #[test]
-    // fn test_union_resolution_named_structure_match() {
-    //     // multiple structure matches with a short name match
-    //     let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
-    //         Schema::Null,
-    //         point_2d_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_match_name_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_schema(),
-    //     ]);
-    //     assert!(
-    //         !SchemaCompatibility::can_read(&point_2d_fullname_schema(), &read_schema)
-    //     );
-    // }
-
-    // #[test]
-    // fn test_union_resolution_full_name_match() {
-    //     // there is a full name match that should be chosen
-    //     let read_schema = union_schema(vec![
-    //         Schema::Null,
-    //         point_2d_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_match_name_schema(),
-    //         point_3d_schema(),
-    //         point_2d_fullname_schema(),
-    //     ]);
-    //     assert!(SchemaCompatibility::can_read(
-    //         &point_2d_fullname_schema(),
-    //         &read_schema
-    //     ));
-    // }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/types.rs b/lang/rust/src/types.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 22c6ea884c7..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/types.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1267 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic handling the intermediate representation of Avro values.
-use crate::{
-    decimal::Decimal,
-    duration::Duration,
-    schema::{Precision, RecordField, Scale, Schema, SchemaKind, UnionSchema},
-    AvroResult, Error,
-};
-use serde_json::{Number, Value as JsonValue};
-use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::TryFrom, hash::BuildHasher, str::FromStr, u8};
-use uuid::Uuid;
-
-/// Compute the maximum decimal value precision of a byte array of length `len` could hold.
-fn max_prec_for_len(len: usize) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-    let len = i32::try_from(len).map_err(|e| Error::ConvertLengthToI32(e, len))?;
-    Ok((2.0_f64.powi(8 * len - 1) - 1.0).log10().floor() as usize)
-}
-
-/// A valid Avro value.
-///
-/// More information about Avro values can be found in the [Avro
-/// Specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#schemas)
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, strum_macros::EnumDiscriminants)]
-#[strum_discriminants(name(ValueKind))]
-pub enum Value {
-    /// A `null` Avro value.
-    Null,
-    /// A `boolean` Avro value.
-    Boolean(bool),
-    /// A `int` Avro value.
-    Int(i32),
-    /// A `long` Avro value.
-    Long(i64),
-    /// A `float` Avro value.
-    Float(f32),
-    /// A `double` Avro value.
-    Double(f64),
-    /// A `bytes` Avro value.
-    Bytes(Vec<u8>),
-    /// A `string` Avro value.
-    String(String),
-    /// A `fixed` Avro value.
-    /// The size of the fixed value is represented as a `usize`.
-    Fixed(usize, Vec<u8>),
-    /// An `enum` Avro value.
-    ///
-    /// An Enum is represented by a symbol and its position in the symbols list
-    /// of its corresponding schema.
-    /// This allows schema-less encoding, as well as schema resolution while
-    /// reading values.
-    Enum(i32, String),
-    /// An `union` Avro value.
-    Union(Box<Value>),
-    /// An `array` Avro value.
-    Array(Vec<Value>),
-    /// A `map` Avro value.
-    Map(HashMap<String, Value>),
-    /// A `record` Avro value.
-    ///
-    /// A Record is represented by a vector of (`<record name>`, `value`).
-    /// This allows schema-less encoding.
-    ///
-    /// See [Record](types.Record) for a more user-friendly support.
-    Record(Vec<(String, Value)>),
-    /// A date value.
-    ///
-    /// Serialized and deserialized as `i32` directly. Can only be deserialized properly with a
-    /// schema.
-    Date(i32),
-    /// An Avro Decimal value. Bytes are in big-endian order, per the Avro spec.
-    Decimal(Decimal),
-    /// Time in milliseconds.
-    TimeMillis(i32),
-    /// Time in microseconds.
-    TimeMicros(i64),
-    /// Timestamp in milliseconds.
-    TimestampMillis(i64),
-    /// Timestamp in microseconds.
-    TimestampMicros(i64),
-    /// Avro Duration. An amount of time defined by months, days and milliseconds.
-    Duration(Duration),
-    /// Universally unique identifier.
-    /// Universally unique identifier.
-    Uuid(Uuid),
-}
-/// Any structure implementing the [ToAvro](trait.ToAvro.html) trait will be usable
-/// from a [Writer](../writer/struct.Writer.html).
-#[deprecated(
-    since = "0.11.0",
-    note = "Please use Value::from, Into::into or value.into() instead"
-)]
-pub trait ToAvro {
-    /// Transforms this value into an Avro-compatible [Value](enum.Value.html).
-    fn avro(self) -> Value;
-}
-
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-impl<T: Into<Value>> ToAvro for T {
-    fn avro(self) -> Value {
-        self.into()
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! to_value(
-    ($type:ty, $variant_constructor:expr) => (
-        impl From<$type> for Value {
-            fn from(value: $type) -> Self {
-                $variant_constructor(value)
-            }
-        }
-    );
-);
-
-to_value!(bool, Value::Boolean);
-to_value!(i32, Value::Int);
-to_value!(i64, Value::Long);
-to_value!(f32, Value::Float);
-to_value!(f64, Value::Double);
-to_value!(String, Value::String);
-to_value!(Vec<u8>, Value::Bytes);
-to_value!(uuid::Uuid, Value::Uuid);
-to_value!(Decimal, Value::Decimal);
-to_value!(Duration, Value::Duration);
-
-impl From<()> for Value {
-    fn from(_: ()) -> Self {
-        Self::Null
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<usize> for Value {
-    fn from(value: usize) -> Self {
-        i64::try_from(value)
-            .expect("cannot convert usize to i64")
-            .into()
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&str> for Value {
-    fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
-        Self::String(value.to_owned())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&[u8]> for Value {
-    fn from(value: &[u8]) -> Self {
-        Self::Bytes(value.to_owned())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> From<Option<T>> for Value
-where
-    T: Into<Self>,
-{
-    fn from(value: Option<T>) -> Self {
-        Self::Union(Box::new(value.map_or_else(|| Self::Null, Into::into)))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<K, V, S> From<HashMap<K, V, S>> for Value
-where
-    K: Into<String>,
-    V: Into<Self>,
-    S: BuildHasher,
-{
-    fn from(value: HashMap<K, V, S>) -> Self {
-        Self::Map(
-            value
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(key, value)| (key.into(), value.into()))
-                .collect(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// Utility interface to build `Value::Record` objects.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Record<'a> {
-    /// List of fields contained in the record.
-    /// Ordered according to the fields in the schema given to create this
-    /// `Record` object. Any unset field defaults to `Value::Null`.
-    pub fields: Vec<(String, Value)>,
-    schema_lookup: &'a HashMap<String, usize>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> Record<'a> {
-    /// Create a `Record` given a `Schema`.
-    ///
-    /// If the `Schema` is not a `Schema::Record` variant, `None` will be returned.
-    pub fn new(schema: &Schema) -> Option<Record> {
-        match *schema {
-            Schema::Record {
-                fields: ref schema_fields,
-                lookup: ref schema_lookup,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity(schema_fields.len());
-                for schema_field in schema_fields.iter() {
-                    fields.push((schema_field.name.clone(), Value::Null));
-                }
-
-                Some(Record {
-                    fields,
-                    schema_lookup,
-                })
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Put a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) in the
-    /// `Record` for a given `field` name.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** Only ensure that the field name is present in the `Schema` given when creating
-    /// this `Record`. Does not perform any schema validation.
-    pub fn put<V>(&mut self, field: &str, value: V)
-    where
-        V: Into<Value>,
-    {
-        if let Some(&position) = self.schema_lookup.get(field) {
-            self.fields[position].1 = value.into()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<Record<'a>> for Value {
-    fn from(value: Record<'a>) -> Self {
-        Self::Record(value.fields)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<JsonValue> for Value {
-    fn from(value: JsonValue) -> Self {
-        match value {
-            JsonValue::Null => Self::Null,
-            JsonValue::Bool(b) => b.into(),
-            JsonValue::Number(ref n) if n.is_i64() => Value::Long(n.as_i64().unwrap()),
-            JsonValue::Number(ref n) if n.is_f64() => Value::Double(n.as_f64().unwrap()),
-            JsonValue::Number(n) => Value::Long(n.as_u64().unwrap() as i64), // TODO: Not so great
-            JsonValue::String(s) => s.into(),
-            JsonValue::Array(items) => Value::Array(items.into_iter().map(Value::from).collect()),
-            JsonValue::Object(items) => Value::Map(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(key, value)| (key, value.into()))
-                    .collect(),
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Convert Avro values to Json values
-impl std::convert::TryFrom<Value> for JsonValue {
-    type Error = crate::error::Error;
-    fn try_from(value: Value) -> AvroResult<Self> {
-        match value {
-            Value::Null => Ok(Self::Null),
-            Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(Self::Bool(b)),
-            Value::Int(i) => Ok(Self::Number(i.into())),
-            Value::Long(l) => Ok(Self::Number(l.into())),
-            Value::Float(f) => Number::from_f64(f.into())
-                .map(Self::Number)
-                .ok_or_else(|| Error::ConvertF64ToJson(f.into())),
-            Value::Double(d) => Number::from_f64(d)
-                .map(Self::Number)
-                .ok_or(Error::ConvertF64ToJson(d)),
-            Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Self::Array(bytes.into_iter().map(|b| b.into()).collect())),
-            Value::String(s) => Ok(Self::String(s)),
-            Value::Fixed(_size, items) => {
-                Ok(Self::Array(items.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect()))
-            }
-            Value::Enum(_i, s) => Ok(Self::String(s)),
-            Value::Union(b) => Self::try_from(*b),
-            Value::Array(items) => items
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(Self::try_from)
-                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-                .map(Self::Array),
-            Value::Map(items) => items
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(key, value)| Self::try_from(value).map(|v| (key, v)))
-                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-                .map(|v| Self::Object(v.into_iter().collect())),
-            Value::Record(items) => items
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(key, value)| Self::try_from(value).map(|v| (key, v)))
-                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-                .map(|v| Self::Object(v.into_iter().collect())),
-            Value::Date(d) => Ok(Self::Number(d.into())),
-            Value::Decimal(ref d) => <Vec<u8>>::try_from(d)
-                .map(|vec| Self::Array(vec.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect())),
-            Value::TimeMillis(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
-            Value::TimeMicros(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
-            Value::TimestampMillis(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
-            Value::TimestampMicros(t) => Ok(Self::Number(t.into())),
-            Value::Duration(d) => Ok(Self::Array(
-                <[u8; 12]>::from(d).iter().map(|&v| v.into()).collect(),
-            )),
-            Value::Uuid(uuid) => Ok(Self::String(uuid.to_hyphenated().to_string())),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Value {
-    /// Validate the value against the given [Schema](../schema/enum.Schema.html).
-    ///
-    /// See the [Avro specification](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html)
-    /// for the full set of rules of schema validation.
-    pub fn validate(&self, schema: &Schema) -> bool {
-        match (self, schema) {
-            (&Value::Null, &Schema::Null) => true,
-            (&Value::Boolean(_), &Schema::Boolean) => true,
-            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::Int) => true,
-            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::Date) => true,
-            (&Value::Int(_), &Schema::TimeMillis) => true,
-            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::Long) => true,
-            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimeMicros) => true,
-            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimestampMillis) => true,
-            (&Value::Long(_), &Schema::TimestampMicros) => true,
-            (&Value::TimestampMicros(_), &Schema::TimestampMicros) => true,
-            (&Value::TimestampMillis(_), &Schema::TimestampMillis) => true,
-            (&Value::TimeMicros(_), &Schema::TimeMicros) => true,
-            (&Value::TimeMillis(_), &Schema::TimeMillis) => true,
-            (&Value::Date(_), &Schema::Date) => true,
-            (&Value::Decimal(_), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => true,
-            (&Value::Duration(_), &Schema::Duration) => true,
-            (&Value::Uuid(_), &Schema::Uuid) => true,
-            (&Value::Float(_), &Schema::Float) => true,
-            (&Value::Double(_), &Schema::Double) => true,
-            (&Value::Bytes(_), &Schema::Bytes) => true,
-            (&Value::Bytes(_), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => true,
-            (&Value::String(_), &Schema::String) => true,
-            (&Value::String(_), &Schema::Uuid) => true,
-            (&Value::Fixed(n, _), &Schema::Fixed { size, .. }) => n == size,
-            (&Value::Bytes(ref b), &Schema::Fixed { size, .. }) => b.len() == size,
-            (&Value::Fixed(n, _), &Schema::Duration) => n == 12,
-            // TODO: check precision against n
-            (&Value::Fixed(_n, _), &Schema::Decimal { .. }) => true,
-            (&Value::String(ref s), &Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. }) => symbols.contains(s),
-            (&Value::Enum(i, ref s), &Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. }) => symbols
-                .get(i as usize)
-                .map(|ref symbol| symbol == &s)
-                .unwrap_or(false),
-            // (&Value::Union(None), &Schema::Union(_)) => true,
-            (&Value::Union(ref value), &Schema::Union(ref inner)) => {
-                inner.find_schema(value).is_some()
-            }
-            (&Value::Array(ref items), &Schema::Array(ref inner)) => {
-                items.iter().all(|item| item.validate(inner))
-            }
-            (&Value::Map(ref items), &Schema::Map(ref inner)) => {
-                items.iter().all(|(_, value)| value.validate(inner))
-            }
-            (&Value::Record(ref record_fields), &Schema::Record { ref fields, .. }) => {
-                fields.len() == record_fields.len()
-                    && fields.iter().zip(record_fields.iter()).all(
-                        |(field, &(ref name, ref value))| {
-                            field.name == *name && value.validate(&field.schema)
-                        },
-                    )
-            }
-            (&Value::Map(ref items), &Schema::Record { ref fields, .. }) => {
-                fields.iter().all(|field| {
-                    if let Some(item) = items.get(&field.name) {
-                        item.validate(&field.schema)
-                    } else {
-                        false
-                    }
-                })
-            }
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Attempt to perform schema resolution on the value, with the given
-    /// [Schema](../schema/enum.Schema.html).
-    ///
-    /// See [Schema Resolution](https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Schema+Resolution)
-    /// in the Avro specification for the full set of rules of schema
-    /// resolution.
-    pub fn resolve(mut self, schema: &Schema) -> AvroResult<Self> {
-        // Check if this schema is a union, and if the reader schema is not.
-        if SchemaKind::from(&self) == SchemaKind::Union
-            && SchemaKind::from(schema) != SchemaKind::Union
-        {
-            // Pull out the Union, and attempt to resolve against it.
-            let v = match self {
-                Value::Union(b) => *b,
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            };
-            self = v;
-        }
-        match *schema {
-            Schema::Null => self.resolve_null(),
-            Schema::Boolean => self.resolve_boolean(),
-            Schema::Int => self.resolve_int(),
-            Schema::Long => self.resolve_long(),
-            Schema::Float => self.resolve_float(),
-            Schema::Double => self.resolve_double(),
-            Schema::Bytes => self.resolve_bytes(),
-            Schema::String => self.resolve_string(),
-            Schema::Fixed { size, .. } => self.resolve_fixed(size),
-            Schema::Union(ref inner) => self.resolve_union(inner),
-            Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. } => self.resolve_enum(symbols),
-            Schema::Array(ref inner) => self.resolve_array(inner),
-            Schema::Map(ref inner) => self.resolve_map(inner),
-            Schema::Record { ref fields, .. } => self.resolve_record(fields),
-            Schema::Decimal {
-                scale,
-                precision,
-                ref inner,
-            } => self.resolve_decimal(precision, scale, inner),
-            Schema::Date => self.resolve_date(),
-            Schema::TimeMillis => self.resolve_time_millis(),
-            Schema::TimeMicros => self.resolve_time_micros(),
-            Schema::TimestampMillis => self.resolve_timestamp_millis(),
-            Schema::TimestampMicros => self.resolve_timestamp_micros(),
-            Schema::Duration => self.resolve_duration(),
-            Schema::Uuid => self.resolve_uuid(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_uuid(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            uuid @ Value::Uuid(_) => uuid,
-            Value::String(ref string) => {
-                Value::Uuid(Uuid::from_str(string).map_err(Error::ConvertStrToUuid)?)
-            }
-            other => return Err(Error::GetUuid(other.into())),
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_duration(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            duration @ Value::Duration { .. } => duration,
-            Value::Fixed(size, bytes) => {
-                if size != 12 {
-                    return Err(Error::GetDecimalFixedBytes(size));
-                }
-                Value::Duration(Duration::from([
-                    bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4], bytes[5], bytes[6], bytes[7],
-                    bytes[8], bytes[9], bytes[10], bytes[11],
-                ]))
-            }
-            other => return Err(Error::ResolveDuration(other.into())),
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_decimal(
-        self,
-        precision: Precision,
-        scale: Scale,
-        inner: &Schema,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        if scale > precision {
-            return Err(Error::GetScaleAndPrecision { scale, precision });
-        }
-        match inner {
-            &Schema::Fixed { size, .. } => {
-                if max_prec_for_len(size)? < precision {
-                    return Err(Error::GetScaleWithFixedSize { size, precision });
-                }
-            }
-            Schema::Bytes => (),
-            _ => return Err(Error::ResolveDecimalSchema(inner.into())),
-        };
-        match self {
-            Value::Decimal(num) => {
-                let num_bytes = num.len();
-                if max_prec_for_len(num_bytes)? > precision {
-                    Err(Error::ComparePrecisionAndSize {
-                        precision,
-                        num_bytes,
-                    })
-                } else {
-                    Ok(Value::Decimal(num))
-                }
-                // check num.bits() here
-            }
-            Value::Fixed(_, bytes) | Value::Bytes(bytes) => {
-                if max_prec_for_len(bytes.len())? > precision {
-                    Err(Error::ComparePrecisionAndSize {
-                        precision,
-                        num_bytes: bytes.len(),
-                    })
-                } else {
-                    // precision and scale match, can we assume the underlying type can hold the data?
-                    Ok(Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(bytes)))
-                }
-            }
-            other => Err(Error::ResolveDecimal(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_date(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Date(d) | Value::Int(d) => Ok(Value::Date(d)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetDate(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_time_millis(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::TimeMillis(t) | Value::Int(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMillis(t)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetTimeMillis(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_time_micros(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::TimeMicros(t) | Value::Long(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMicros(t)),
-            Value::Int(t) => Ok(Value::TimeMicros(i64::from(t))),
-            other => Err(Error::GetTimeMicros(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_timestamp_millis(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::TimestampMillis(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMillis(ts)),
-            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMillis(i64::from(ts))),
-            other => Err(Error::GetTimestampMillis(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_timestamp_micros(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::TimestampMicros(ts) | Value::Long(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMicros(ts)),
-            Value::Int(ts) => Ok(Value::TimestampMicros(i64::from(ts))),
-            other => Err(Error::GetTimestampMicros(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_null(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Null => Ok(Value::Null),
-            other => Err(Error::GetNull(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_boolean(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(Value::Boolean(b)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetBoolean(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_int(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Int(n)),
-            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Int(n as i32)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetInt(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_long(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Long(i64::from(n))),
-            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Long(n)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetLong(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_float(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Float(n as f32)),
-            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Float(n as f32)),
-            Value::Float(x) => Ok(Value::Float(x)),
-            Value::Double(x) => Ok(Value::Float(x as f32)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetFloat(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_double(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::Double(f64::from(n))),
-            Value::Long(n) => Ok(Value::Double(n as f64)),
-            Value::Float(x) => Ok(Value::Double(f64::from(x))),
-            Value::Double(x) => Ok(Value::Double(x)),
-            other => Err(Error::GetDouble(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_bytes(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Value::Bytes(bytes)),
-            Value::String(s) => Ok(Value::Bytes(s.into_bytes())),
-            Value::Array(items) => Ok(Value::Bytes(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(Value::try_u8)
-                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
-            )),
-            other => Err(Error::GetBytes(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_string(self) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::String(s) => Ok(Value::String(s)),
-            Value::Bytes(bytes) => Ok(Value::String(
-                String::from_utf8(bytes).map_err(Error::ConvertToUtf8)?,
-            )),
-            other => Err(Error::GetString(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_fixed(self, size: usize) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Fixed(n, bytes) => {
-                if n == size {
-                    Ok(Value::Fixed(n, bytes))
-                } else {
-                    Err(Error::CompareFixedSizes { size, n })
-                }
-            }
-            other => Err(Error::GetStringForFixed(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_enum(self, symbols: &[String]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let validate_symbol = |symbol: String, symbols: &[String]| {
-            if let Some(index) = symbols.iter().position(|item| item == &symbol) {
-                Ok(Value::Enum(index as i32, symbol))
-            } else {
-                Err(Error::GetEnumDefault {
-                    symbol,
-                    symbols: symbols.into(),
-                })
-            }
-        };
-
-        match self {
-            Value::Enum(raw_index, s) => {
-                let index = usize::try_from(raw_index)
-                    .map_err(|e| Error::ConvertI32ToUsize(e, raw_index))?;
-                if (0..=symbols.len()).contains(&index) {
-                    validate_symbol(s, symbols)
-                } else {
-                    Err(Error::GetEnumValue {
-                        index,
-                        nsymbols: symbols.len(),
-                    })
-                }
-            }
-            Value::String(s) => validate_symbol(s, symbols),
-            other => Err(Error::GetEnum(other.into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_union(self, schema: &UnionSchema) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let v = match self {
-            // Both are unions case.
-            Value::Union(v) => *v,
-            // Reader is a union, but writer is not.
-            v => v,
-        };
-        // Find the first match in the reader schema.
-        let (_, inner) = schema.find_schema(&v).ok_or(Error::FindUnionVariant)?;
-        Ok(Value::Union(Box::new(v.resolve(inner)?)))
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_array(self, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Array(items) => Ok(Value::Array(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|item| item.resolve(schema))
-                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
-            )),
-            other => Err(Error::GetArray {
-                expected: schema.into(),
-                other: other.into(),
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_map(self, schema: &Schema) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        match self {
-            Value::Map(items) => Ok(Value::Map(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(key, value)| value.resolve(schema).map(|value| (key, value)))
-                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
-            )),
-            other => Err(Error::GetMap {
-                expected: schema.into(),
-                other: other.into(),
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_record(self, fields: &[RecordField]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let mut items = match self {
-            Value::Map(items) => Ok(items),
-            Value::Record(fields) => Ok(fields.into_iter().collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()),
-            other => Err(Error::GetRecord {
-                expected: fields
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|field| (field.name.clone(), field.schema.clone().into()))
-                    .collect(),
-                other: other.into(),
-            }),
-        }?;
-
-        let new_fields = fields
-            .iter()
-            .map(|field| {
-                let value = match items.remove(&field.name) {
-                    Some(value) => value,
-                    None => match field.default {
-                        Some(ref value) => match field.schema {
-                            Schema::Enum { ref symbols, .. } => {
-                                Value::from(value.clone()).resolve_enum(symbols)?
-                            }
-                            Schema::Union(ref union_schema) => {
-                                let first = &union_schema.variants()[0];
-                                // NOTE: this match exists only to optimize null defaults for large
-                                // backward-compatible schemas with many nullable fields
-                                match first {
-                                    Schema::Null => Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null)),
-                                    _ => Value::Union(Box::new(
-                                        Value::from(value.clone()).resolve(first)?,
-                                    )),
-                                }
-                            }
-                            _ => Value::from(value.clone()),
-                        },
-                        None => {
-                            return Err(Error::GetField(field.name.clone()));
-                        }
-                    },
-                };
-                value
-                    .resolve(&field.schema)
-                    .map(|value| (field.name.clone(), value))
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-        Ok(Value::Record(new_fields))
-    }
-
-    fn try_u8(self) -> AvroResult<u8> {
-        let int = self.resolve(&Schema::Int)?;
-        if let Value::Int(n) = int {
-            if n >= 0 && n <= i32::from(u8::MAX) {
-                return Ok(n as u8);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Err(Error::GetU8(int.into()))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::{
-        decimal::Decimal,
-        duration::{Days, Duration, Millis, Months},
-        schema::{Name, RecordField, RecordFieldOrder, Schema, UnionSchema},
-        types::Value,
-    };
-    use uuid::Uuid;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate() {
-        let value_schema_valid = vec![
-            (Value::Int(42), Schema::Int, true),
-            (Value::Int(42), Schema::Boolean, false),
-            (
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null)),
-                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int]).unwrap()),
-                true,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Int(42))),
-                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::Int]).unwrap()),
-                true,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null)),
-                Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Double, Schema::Int]).unwrap()),
-                false,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Int(42))),
-                Schema::Union(
-                    UnionSchema::new(vec![
-                        Schema::Null,
-                        Schema::Double,
-                        Schema::String,
-                        Schema::Int,
-                    ])
-                    .unwrap(),
-                ),
-                true,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Long(42i64))),
-                Schema::Union(
-                    UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, Schema::TimestampMillis]).unwrap(),
-                ),
-                true,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Array(vec![Value::Long(42i64)]),
-                Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::Long)),
-                true,
-            ),
-            (
-                Value::Array(vec![Value::Boolean(true)]),
-                Schema::Array(Box::new(Schema::Long)),
-                false,
-            ),
-            (Value::Record(vec![]), Schema::Null, false),
-        ];
-
-        for (value, schema, valid) in value_schema_valid.into_iter() {
-            assert_eq!(valid, value.validate(&schema));
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate_fixed() {
-        let schema = Schema::Fixed {
-            size: 4,
-            name: Name::new("some_fixed"),
-        };
-
-        assert!(Value::Fixed(4, vec![0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
-        assert!(!Value::Fixed(5, vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
-        assert!(Value::Bytes(vec![0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
-        assert!(!Value::Bytes(vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0]).validate(&schema));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate_enum() {
-        let schema = Schema::Enum {
-            name: Name::new("some_enum"),
-            doc: None,
-            symbols: vec![
-                "spades".to_string(),
-                "hearts".to_string(),
-                "diamonds".to_string(),
-                "clubs".to_string(),
-            ],
-        };
-
-        assert!(Value::Enum(0, "spades".to_string()).validate(&schema));
-        assert!(Value::String("spades".to_string()).validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(!Value::Enum(1, "spades".to_string()).validate(&schema));
-        assert!(!Value::String("lorem".to_string()).validate(&schema));
-
-        let other_schema = Schema::Enum {
-            name: Name::new("some_other_enum"),
-            doc: None,
-            symbols: vec![
-                "hearts".to_string(),
-                "diamonds".to_string(),
-                "clubs".to_string(),
-                "spades".to_string(),
-            ],
-        };
-
-        assert!(!Value::Enum(0, "spades".to_string()).validate(&other_schema));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate_record() {
-        use std::collections::HashMap;
-        // {
-        //    "type": "record",
-        //    "fields": [
-        //      {"type": "long", "name": "a"},
-        //      {"type": "string", "name": "b"}
-        //    ]
-        // }
-        let schema = Schema::Record {
-            name: Name::new("some_record"),
-            doc: None,
-            fields: vec![
-                RecordField {
-                    name: "a".to_string(),
-                    doc: None,
-                    default: None,
-                    schema: Schema::Long,
-                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
-                    position: 0,
-                },
-                RecordField {
-                    name: "b".to_string(),
-                    doc: None,
-                    default: None,
-                    schema: Schema::String,
-                    order: RecordFieldOrder::Ascending,
-                    position: 1,
-                },
-            ],
-            lookup: HashMap::new(),
-        };
-
-        assert!(Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-        ])
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(!Value::Record(vec![
-            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-        ])
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(!Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Boolean(false)),
-            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-        ])
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(!Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-            ("c".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-        ])
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(!Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-            ("c".to_string(), Value::Null),
-        ])
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        assert!(Value::Map(
-            vec![
-                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-            ]
-            .into_iter()
-            .collect()
-        )
-        .validate(&schema));
-
-        let union_schema = Schema::Union(UnionSchema::new(vec![Schema::Null, schema]).unwrap());
-
-        assert!(Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Record(vec![
-            ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-            ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-        ])))
-        .validate(&union_schema));
-
-        assert!(Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Map(
-            vec![
-                ("a".to_string(), Value::Long(42i64)),
-                ("b".to_string(), Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-            ]
-            .into_iter()
-            .collect()
-        )))
-        .validate(&union_schema));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_bytes_ok() {
-        let value = Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(0), Value::Int(42)]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            value.resolve(&Schema::Bytes).unwrap(),
-            Value::Bytes(vec![0u8, 42u8])
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_bytes_failure() {
-        let value = Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(2000), Value::Int(-42)]);
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Bytes).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_decimal_bytes() {
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1, 2]));
-        value
-            .clone()
-            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 10,
-                scale: 4,
-                inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
-            })
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_decimal_invalid_scale() {
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1]));
-        assert!(value
-            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 2,
-                scale: 3,
-                inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
-            })
-            .is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_decimal_invalid_precision_for_length() {
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from((1u8..=8u8).rev().collect::<Vec<_>>()));
-        assert!(value
-            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 1,
-                scale: 0,
-                inner: Box::new(Schema::Bytes),
-            })
-            .is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_decimal_fixed() {
-        let value = Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(vec![1, 2]));
-        assert!(value
-            .clone()
-            .resolve(&Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 10,
-                scale: 1,
-                inner: Box::new(Schema::Fixed {
-                    name: Name::new("decimal"),
-                    size: 20
-                })
-            })
-            .is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_date() {
-        let value = Value::Date(2345);
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Date).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::String).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_time_millis() {
-        let value = Value::TimeMillis(10);
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimeMillis).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimeMicros).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_time_micros() {
-        let value = Value::TimeMicros(10);
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimeMicros).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimeMillis).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_timestamp_millis() {
-        let value = Value::TimestampMillis(10);
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimestampMillis).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Float).is_err());
-
-        let value = Value::Float(10.0f32);
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMillis).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_timestamp_micros() {
-        let value = Value::TimestampMicros(10);
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::Int).is_err());
-
-        let value = Value::Double(10.0);
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_duration() {
-        let value = Value::Duration(Duration::new(
-            Months::new(10),
-            Days::new(5),
-            Millis::new(3000),
-        ));
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Duration).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
-        assert!(Value::Long(1i64).resolve(&Schema::Duration).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn resolve_uuid() {
-        let value = Value::Uuid(Uuid::parse_str("1481531d-ccc9-46d9-a56f-5b67459c0537").unwrap());
-        assert!(value.clone().resolve(&Schema::Uuid).is_ok());
-        assert!(value.resolve(&Schema::TimestampMicros).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn json_from_avro() {
-        assert_eq!(JsonValue::try_from(Value::Null).unwrap(), JsonValue::Null);
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Boolean(true)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Bool(true)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Int(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Long(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Float(1.0)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(Number::from_f64(1.0).unwrap())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Double(1.0)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(Number::from_f64(1.0).unwrap())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Bytes(vec![1, 2, 3])).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Array(vec![
-                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
-            ])
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::String("test".into())).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::String("test".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Fixed(3, vec![1, 2, 3])).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Array(vec![
-                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
-            ])
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Enum(1, "test_enum".into())).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::String("test_enum".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Union(Box::new(Value::String("test_enum".into())))).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::String("test_enum".into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Array(vec![
-                Value::Int(1),
-                Value::Int(2),
-                Value::Int(3)
-            ]))
-            .unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Array(vec![
-                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
-            ])
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Map(
-                vec![
-                    ("v1".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
-                    ("v2".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
-                    ("v3".to_string(), Value::Int(3))
-                ]
-                .into_iter()
-                .collect()
-            ))
-            .unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Object(
-                vec![
-                    ("v1".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(1.into())),
-                    ("v2".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(2.into())),
-                    ("v3".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(3.into()))
-                ]
-                .into_iter()
-                .collect()
-            )
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Record(vec![
-                ("v1".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
-                ("v2".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
-                ("v3".to_string(), Value::Int(3))
-            ]))
-            .unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Object(
-                vec![
-                    ("v1".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(1.into())),
-                    ("v2".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(2.into())),
-                    ("v3".to_string(), JsonValue::Number(3.into()))
-                ]
-                .into_iter()
-                .collect()
-            )
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Date(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Decimal(vec![1, 2, 3].into())).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Array(vec![
-                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(3.into())
-            ])
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimeMillis(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimeMicros(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimestampMillis(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::TimestampMicros(1)).unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Number(1.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Duration(
-                [1u8, 2u8, 3u8, 4u8, 5u8, 6u8, 7u8, 8u8, 9u8, 10u8, 11u8, 12u8].into()
-            ))
-            .unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::Array(vec![
-                JsonValue::Number(1.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(2.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(3.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(4.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(5.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(6.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(7.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(8.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(9.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(10.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(11.into()),
-                JsonValue::Number(12.into()),
-            ])
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            JsonValue::try_from(Value::Uuid(
-                Uuid::parse_str("936DA01F-9ABD-4D9D-80C7-02AF85C822A8").unwrap()
-            ))
-            .unwrap(),
-            JsonValue::String("936da01f-9abd-4d9d-80c7-02af85c822a8".into())
-        );
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/src/writer.rs b/lang/rust/src/writer.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index efdd992ec71..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/src/writer.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,813 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Logic handling writing in Avro format at user level.
-use crate::{
-    encode::{encode, encode_ref, encode_to_vec},
-    schema::Schema,
-    ser::Serializer,
-    types::Value,
-    AvroResult, Codec, Error,
-};
-use rand::random;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, io::Write};
-
-const DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 16000;
-const AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER: &[u8] = b"Obj\x01";
-
-/// Main interface for writing Avro formatted values.
-#[derive(typed_builder::TypedBuilder)]
-pub struct Writer<'a, W> {
-    schema: &'a Schema,
-    writer: W,
-    #[builder(default = Codec::Null)]
-    codec: Codec,
-    #[builder(default = DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE)]
-    block_size: usize,
-    #[builder(default = Vec::with_capacity(block_size), setter(skip))]
-    buffer: Vec<u8>,
-    #[builder(default, setter(skip))]
-    serializer: Serializer,
-    #[builder(default = 0, setter(skip))]
-    num_values: usize,
-    #[builder(default = std::iter::repeat_with(random).take(16).collect(), setter(skip))]
-    marker: Vec<u8>,
-    #[builder(default = false, setter(skip))]
-    has_header: bool,
-}
-
-impl<'a, W: Write> Writer<'a, W> {
-    /// Creates a `Writer` given a `Schema` and something implementing the `io::Write` trait to write
-    /// to.
-    /// No compression `Codec` will be used.
-    pub fn new(schema: &'a Schema, writer: W) -> Self {
-        Self::builder().schema(schema).writer(writer).build()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a `Writer` with a specific `Codec` given a `Schema` and something implementing the
-    /// `io::Write` trait to write to.
-    pub fn with_codec(schema: &'a Schema, writer: W, codec: Codec) -> Self {
-        Self::builder()
-            .schema(schema)
-            .writer(writer)
-            .codec(codec)
-            .build()
-    }
-
-    /// Get a reference to the `Schema` associated to a `Writer`.
-    pub fn schema(&self) -> &'a Schema {
-        self.schema
-    }
-
-    /// Append a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) to a `Writer`, also performing
-    /// schema validation.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written (it might be 0, see below).
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
-    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
-    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
-    pub fn append<T: Into<Value>>(&mut self, value: T) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        let n = if !self.has_header {
-            let header = self.header()?;
-            let n = self.append_bytes(header.as_ref())?;
-            self.has_header = true;
-            n
-        } else {
-            0
-        };
-
-        let avro = value.into();
-        write_value_ref(self.schema, &avro, &mut self.buffer)?;
-
-        self.num_values += 1;
-
-        if self.buffer.len() >= self.block_size {
-            return self.flush().map(|b| b + n);
-        }
-
-        Ok(n)
-    }
-
-    /// Append a compatible value to a `Writer`, also performing schema validation.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written (it might be 0, see below).
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
-    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
-    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
-    pub fn append_value_ref(&mut self, value: &Value) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        let n = if !self.has_header {
-            let header = self.header()?;
-            let n = self.append_bytes(header.as_ref())?;
-            self.has_header = true;
-            n
-        } else {
-            0
-        };
-
-        write_value_ref(self.schema, value, &mut self.buffer)?;
-
-        self.num_values += 1;
-
-        if self.buffer.len() >= self.block_size {
-            return self.flush().map(|b| b + n);
-        }
-
-        Ok(n)
-    }
-
-    /// Append anything implementing the `Serialize` trait to a `Writer` for
-    /// [`serde`](https://docs.serde.rs/serde/index.html) compatibility, also performing schema
-    /// validation.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function is not guaranteed to perform any actual write, since it relies on
-    /// internal buffering for performance reasons. If you want to be sure the value has been
-    /// written, then call [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush).
-    pub fn append_ser<S: Serialize>(&mut self, value: S) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        let avro_value = value.serialize(&mut self.serializer)?;
-        self.append(avro_value)
-    }
-
-    /// Extend a `Writer` with an `Iterator` of compatible values (implementing the `ToAvro`
-    /// trait), also performing schema validation.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
-    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
-    pub fn extend<I, T: Into<Value>>(&mut self, values: I) -> AvroResult<usize>
-    where
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
-    {
-        /*
-        https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811 :(
-        let mut stream = values
-            .filter_map(|value| value.serialize(&mut self.serializer).ok())
-            .map(|value| value.encode(self.schema))
-            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
-            .ok_or_else(|| err_msg("value does not match given schema"))?
-            .into_iter()
-            .fold(Vec::new(), |mut acc, stream| {
-                num_values += 1;
-                acc.extend(stream); acc
-            });
-        */
-
-        let mut num_bytes = 0;
-        for value in values {
-            num_bytes += self.append(value)?;
-        }
-        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
-
-        Ok(num_bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// Extend a `Writer` with an `Iterator` of anything implementing the `Serialize` trait for
-    /// [`serde`](https://docs.serde.rs/serde/index.html) compatibility, also performing schema
-    /// validation.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
-    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
-    pub fn extend_ser<I, T: Serialize>(&mut self, values: I) -> AvroResult<usize>
-    where
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
-    {
-        /*
-        https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/811 :(
-        let mut stream = values
-            .filter_map(|value| value.serialize(&mut self.serializer).ok())
-            .map(|value| value.encode(self.schema))
-            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()
-            .ok_or_else(|| err_msg("value does not match given schema"))?
-            .into_iter()
-            .fold(Vec::new(), |mut acc, stream| {
-                num_values += 1;
-                acc.extend(stream); acc
-            });
-        */
-
-        let mut num_bytes = 0;
-        for value in values {
-            num_bytes += self.append_ser(value)?;
-        }
-        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
-
-        Ok(num_bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// Extend a `Writer` by appending each `Value` from a slice, while also performing schema
-    /// validation on each value appended.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
-    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
-    pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, values: &[Value]) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        let mut num_bytes = 0;
-        for value in values {
-            num_bytes += self.append_value_ref(value)?;
-        }
-        num_bytes += self.flush()?;
-
-        Ok(num_bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// Flush the content appended to a `Writer`. Call this function to make sure all the content
-    /// has been written before releasing the `Writer`.
-    ///
-    /// Return the number of bytes written.
-    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        if self.num_values == 0 {
-            return Ok(0);
-        }
-
-        self.codec.compress(&mut self.buffer)?;
-
-        let num_values = self.num_values;
-        let stream_len = self.buffer.len();
-
-        let num_bytes = self.append_raw(&num_values.into(), &Schema::Long)?
-            + self.append_raw(&stream_len.into(), &Schema::Long)?
-            + self
-                .writer
-                .write(self.buffer.as_ref())
-                .map_err(Error::WriteBytes)?
-            + self.append_marker()?;
-
-        self.buffer.clear();
-        self.num_values = 0;
-
-        Ok(num_bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// Return what the `Writer` is writing to, consuming the `Writer` itself.
-    ///
-    /// **NOTE** This function forces the written data to be flushed (an implicit
-    /// call to [`flush`](struct.Writer.html#method.flush) is performed).
-    pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> AvroResult<W> {
-        self.flush()?;
-        Ok(self.writer)
-    }
-
-    /// Generate and append synchronization marker to the payload.
-    fn append_marker(&mut self) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        // using .writer.write directly to avoid mutable borrow of self
-        // with ref borrowing of self.marker
-        self.writer.write(&self.marker).map_err(Error::WriteMarker)
-    }
-
-    /// Append a raw Avro Value to the payload avoiding to encode it again.
-    fn append_raw(&mut self, value: &Value, schema: &Schema) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        self.append_bytes(encode_to_vec(value, schema).as_ref())
-    }
-
-    /// Append pure bytes to the payload.
-    fn append_bytes(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> AvroResult<usize> {
-        self.writer.write(bytes).map_err(Error::WriteBytes)
-    }
-
-    /// Create an Avro header based on schema, codec and sync marker.
-    fn header(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-        let schema_bytes = serde_json::to_string(self.schema)
-            .map_err(Error::ConvertJsonToString)?
-            .into_bytes();
-
-        let mut metadata = HashMap::with_capacity(2);
-        metadata.insert("avro.schema", Value::Bytes(schema_bytes));
-        metadata.insert("avro.codec", self.codec.into());
-
-        let mut header = Vec::new();
-        header.extend_from_slice(AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        encode(
-            &metadata.into(),
-            &Schema::Map(Box::new(Schema::Bytes)),
-            &mut header,
-        );
-        header.extend_from_slice(&self.marker);
-
-        Ok(header)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Encode a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) into Avro format, also performing
-/// schema validation.
-///
-/// This is an internal function which gets the bytes buffer where to write as parameter instead of
-/// creating a new one like `to_avro_datum`.
-fn write_avro_datum<T: Into<Value>>(
-    schema: &Schema,
-    value: T,
-    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let avro = value.into();
-    if !avro.validate(schema) {
-        return Err(Error::Validation);
-    }
-    encode(&avro, schema, buffer);
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn write_value_ref(schema: &Schema, value: &Value, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> AvroResult<()> {
-    if !value.validate(schema) {
-        return Err(Error::Validation);
-    }
-    encode_ref(value, schema, buffer);
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Encode a compatible value (implementing the `ToAvro` trait) into Avro format, also
-/// performing schema validation.
-///
-/// **NOTE** This function has a quite small niche of usage and does NOT generate headers and sync
-/// markers; use [`Writer`](struct.Writer.html) to be fully Avro-compatible if you don't know what
-/// you are doing, instead.
-pub fn to_avro_datum<T: Into<Value>>(schema: &Schema, value: T) -> AvroResult<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
-    write_avro_datum(schema, value, &mut buffer)?;
-    Ok(buffer)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::{
-        decimal::Decimal,
-        duration::{Days, Duration, Millis, Months},
-        schema::Name,
-        types::Record,
-        util::zig_i64,
-    };
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-    const AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN: usize = AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER.len();
-
-    const SCHEMA: &str = r#"
-    {
-      "type": "record",
-      "name": "test",
-      "fields": [
-        {
-          "name": "a",
-          "type": "long",
-          "default": 42
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "b",
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-    "#;
-    const UNION_SCHEMA: &str = r#"["null", "long"]"#;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_to_avro_datum() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-
-        let mut expected = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut expected);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut expected);
-        expected.extend(vec![b'f', b'o', b'o'].into_iter());
-
-        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, record).unwrap(), expected);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_not_null() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let union = Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Long(3)));
-
-        let mut expected = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(1, &mut expected);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut expected);
-
-        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, union).unwrap(), expected);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_union_null() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(UNION_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let union = Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null));
-
-        let mut expected = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(0, &mut expected);
-
-        assert_eq!(to_avro_datum(&schema, union).unwrap(), expected);
-    }
-
-    type TestResult<T> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
-
-    fn logical_type_test<T: Into<Value> + Clone>(
-        schema_str: &'static str,
-
-        expected_schema: &Schema,
-        value: Value,
-
-        raw_schema: &Schema,
-        raw_value: T,
-    ) -> TestResult<()> {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str)?;
-        assert_eq!(&schema, expected_schema);
-        // The serialized format should be the same as the schema.
-        let ser = to_avro_datum(&schema, value.clone())?;
-        let raw_ser = to_avro_datum(raw_schema, raw_value)?;
-        assert_eq!(ser, raw_ser);
-
-        // Should deserialize from the schema into the logical type.
-        let mut r = ser.as_slice();
-        let de = crate::from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut r, None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(de, value);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn date() -> TestResult<()> {
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#,
-            &Schema::Date,
-            Value::Date(1_i32),
-            &Schema::Int,
-            1_i32,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn time_millis() -> TestResult<()> {
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#,
-            &Schema::TimeMillis,
-            Value::TimeMillis(1_i32),
-            &Schema::Int,
-            1_i32,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn time_micros() -> TestResult<()> {
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#,
-            &Schema::TimeMicros,
-            Value::TimeMicros(1_i64),
-            &Schema::Long,
-            1_i64,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn timestamp_millis() -> TestResult<()> {
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
-            &Schema::TimestampMillis,
-            Value::TimestampMillis(1_i64),
-            &Schema::Long,
-            1_i64,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn timestamp_micros() -> TestResult<()> {
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
-            &Schema::TimestampMicros,
-            Value::TimestampMicros(1_i64),
-            &Schema::Long,
-            1_i64,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn decimal_fixed() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let size = 30;
-        let inner = Schema::Fixed {
-            name: Name::new("decimal"),
-            size,
-        };
-        let value = vec![0u8; size];
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "size": 30, "name": "decimal"}, "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 20, "scale": 5}"#,
-            &Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 20,
-                scale: 5,
-                inner: Box::new(inner.clone()),
-            },
-            Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(value.clone())),
-            &inner,
-            Value::Fixed(size, value),
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn decimal_bytes() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let inner = Schema::Bytes;
-        let value = vec![0u8; 10];
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 4, "scale": 3}"#,
-            &Schema::Decimal {
-                precision: 4,
-                scale: 3,
-                inner: Box::new(inner.clone()),
-            },
-            Value::Decimal(Decimal::from(value.clone())),
-            &inner,
-            value,
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn duration() -> TestResult<()> {
-        let inner = Schema::Fixed {
-            name: Name::new("duration"),
-            size: 12,
-        };
-        let value = Value::Duration(Duration::new(
-            Months::new(256),
-            Days::new(512),
-            Millis::new(1024),
-        ));
-        logical_type_test(
-            r#"{"type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "duration", "size": 12}, "logicalType": "duration"}"#,
-            &Schema::Duration,
-            value,
-            &inner,
-            Value::Fixed(12, vec![0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0]),
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_append() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-
-        let n1 = writer.append(record.clone()).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.append(record.clone()).unwrap();
-        let n3 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
-        data.extend(b"foo");
-        data.extend(data.clone());
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_extend() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-        let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-        let record_copy = record.clone();
-        let records = vec![record, record_copy];
-
-        let n1 = writer.extend(records.into_iter()).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
-        data.extend(b"foo");
-        data.extend(data.clone());
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
-    struct TestSerdeSerialize {
-        a: i64,
-        b: String,
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_append_ser() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-        let record = TestSerdeSerialize {
-            a: 27,
-            b: "foo".to_owned(),
-        };
-
-        let n1 = writer.append_ser(record).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
-        data.extend(b"foo");
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_extend_ser() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::new(&schema, Vec::new());
-
-        let record = TestSerdeSerialize {
-            a: 27,
-            b: "foo".to_owned(),
-        };
-        let record_copy = record.clone();
-        let records = vec![record, record_copy];
-
-        let n1 = writer.extend_ser(records.into_iter()).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
-        data.extend(b"foo");
-        data.extend(data.clone());
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn make_writer_with_codec(schema: &Schema) -> Writer<'_, Vec<u8>> {
-        Writer::with_codec(schema, Vec::new(), Codec::Deflate)
-    }
-
-    fn make_writer_with_builder(schema: &Schema) -> Writer<'_, Vec<u8>> {
-        Writer::builder()
-            .writer(Vec::new())
-            .schema(schema)
-            .codec(Codec::Deflate)
-            .block_size(100)
-            .build()
-    }
-
-    fn check_writer(mut writer: Writer<'_, Vec<u8>>, schema: &Schema) {
-        let mut record = Record::new(schema).unwrap();
-        record.put("a", 27i64);
-        record.put("b", "foo");
-
-        let n1 = writer.append(record.clone()).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.append(record.clone()).unwrap();
-        let n3 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        zig_i64(27, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(3, &mut data);
-        data.extend(b"foo");
-        data.extend(data.clone());
-        Codec::Deflate.compress(&mut data).unwrap();
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_with_codec() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let writer = make_writer_with_codec(&schema);
-        check_writer(writer, &schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_writer_with_builder() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let writer = make_writer_with_builder(&schema);
-        check_writer(writer, &schema);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_logical_writer() {
-        const LOGICAL_TYPE_SCHEMA: &str = r#"
-        {
-          "type": "record",
-          "name": "logical_type_test",
-          "fields": [
-            {
-              "name": "a",
-              "type": [
-                "null",
-                {
-                  "type": "long",
-                  "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-        "#;
-        let codec = Codec::Deflate;
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(LOGICAL_TYPE_SCHEMA).unwrap();
-        let mut writer = Writer::builder()
-            .schema(&schema)
-            .codec(codec)
-            .writer(Vec::new())
-            .build();
-
-        let mut record1 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record1.put(
-            "a",
-            Value::Union(Box::new(Value::TimestampMicros(1234_i64))),
-        );
-
-        let mut record2 = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
-        record2.put("a", Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null)));
-
-        let n1 = writer.append(record1).unwrap();
-        let n2 = writer.append(record2).unwrap();
-        let n3 = writer.flush().unwrap();
-        let result = writer.into_inner().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(n1 + n2 + n3, result.len());
-
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        // byte indicating not null
-        zig_i64(1, &mut data);
-        zig_i64(1234, &mut data);
-
-        // byte indicating null
-        zig_i64(0, &mut data);
-        codec.compress(&mut data).unwrap();
-
-        // starts with magic
-        assert_eq!(&result[..AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER_LEN], AVRO_OBJECT_HEADER);
-        // ends with data and sync marker
-        let last_data_byte = result.len() - 16;
-        assert_eq!(
-            &result[last_data_byte - data.len()..last_data_byte],
-            data.as_slice()
-        );
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/tests/io.rs b/lang/rust/tests/io.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 93edf0d7b45..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/tests/io.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,324 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Port of https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/release-1.9.1/lang/py/test/test_io.py
-use avro_rs::{from_avro_datum, to_avro_datum, types::Value, Error, Schema};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use std::io::Cursor;
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE: Vec<(&'static str, Value)> = vec![
-        (r#""null""#, Value::Null),
-        (r#""boolean""#, Value::Boolean(true)),
-        (r#""string""#, Value::String("adsfasdf09809dsf-=adsf".to_string())),
-        (r#""bytes""#, Value::Bytes("12345abcd".to_string().into_bytes())),
-        (r#""int""#, Value::Int(1234)),
-        (r#""long""#, Value::Long(1234)),
-        (r#""float""#, Value::Float(1234.0)),
-        (r#""double""#, Value::Double(1234.0)),
-        (r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}"#, Value::Fixed(1, vec![b'B'])),
-        (r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#, Value::Enum(1, "B".to_string())),
-        (r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#, Value::Array(vec![Value::Long(1), Value::Long(3), Value::Long(2)])),
-        (r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long"}"#, Value::Map([("a".to_string(), Value::Long(1i64)), ("b".to_string(), Value::Long(3i64)), ("c".to_string(), Value::Long(2i64))].iter().cloned().collect())),
-        (r#"["string", "null", "long"]"#, Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Null))),
-        (r#"{"type": "record", "name": "Test", "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]}"#, Value::Record(vec![("f".to_string(), Value::Long(1))]))
-    ];
-
-    static ref BINARY_ENCODINGS: Vec<(i64, Vec<u8>)> = vec![
-        (0, vec![0x00]),
-        (-1, vec![0x01]),
-        (1, vec![0x02]),
-        (-2, vec![0x03]),
-        (2, vec![0x04]),
-        (-64, vec![0x7f]),
-        (64, vec![0x80, 0x01]),
-        (8192, vec![0x80, 0x80, 0x01]),
-        (-8193, vec![0x81, 0x80, 0x01]),
-    ];
-
-    static ref DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES: Vec<(&'static str, &'static str, Value)> = vec![
-        (r#""null""#, "null", Value::Null),
-        (r#""boolean""#, "true", Value::Boolean(true)),
-        (r#""string""#, r#""foo""#, Value::String("foo".to_string())),
-        // TODO: (#96) investigate why this is failing
-        //(r#""bytes""#, r#""\u00FF\u00FF""#, Value::Bytes(vec![0xff, 0xff])),
-        (r#""int""#, "5", Value::Int(5)),
-        (r#""long""#, "5", Value::Long(5)),
-        (r#""float""#, "1.1", Value::Float(1.1)),
-        (r#""double""#, "1.1", Value::Double(1.1)),
-        // TODO: (#96) investigate why this is failing
-        //(r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "F", "size": 2}"#, r#""\u00FF\u00FF""#, Value::Bytes(vec![0xff, 0xff])),
-        (r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "F", "symbols": ["FOO", "BAR"]}"#, r#""FOO""#, Value::Enum(0, "FOO".to_string())),
-        (r#"{"type": "array", "items": "int"}"#, "[1, 2, 3]", Value::Array(vec![Value::Int(1), Value::Int(2), Value::Int(3)])),
-        (r#"{"type": "map", "values": "int"}"#, r#"{"a": 1, "b": 2}"#, Value::Map([("a".to_string(), Value::Int(1)), ("b".to_string(), Value::Int(2))].iter().cloned().collect())),
-        (r#"["int", "null"]"#, "5", Value::Union(Box::new(Value::Int(5)))),
-        (r#"{"type": "record", "name": "F", "fields": [{"name": "A", "type": "int"}]}"#, r#"{"A": 5}"#,Value::Record(vec![("A".to_string(), Value::Int(5))])),
-    ];
-
-    static ref LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA: Schema = Schema::parse_str(r#"
-    {
-        "type": "record",
-        "name": "Test",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "A", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "B", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "C", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "D", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "E", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
-            {"name": "G", "type": "int"}
-        ]
-    }
-    "#).unwrap();
-
-    static ref LONG_RECORD_DATUM: Value = Value::Record(vec![
-        ("A".to_string(), Value::Int(1)),
-        ("B".to_string(), Value::Int(2)),
-        ("C".to_string(), Value::Int(3)),
-        ("D".to_string(), Value::Int(4)),
-        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
-        ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
-        ("G".to_string(), Value::Int(7)),
-    ]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_validate() {
-    for (raw_schema, value) in SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE.iter() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            value.validate(&schema),
-            "value {:?} does not validate schema: {}",
-            value,
-            raw_schema
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_round_trip() {
-    for (raw_schema, value) in SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE.iter() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&schema, value.clone()).unwrap();
-        let decoded = from_avro_datum(&schema, &mut Cursor::new(encoded), None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(value, &decoded);
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_binary_int_encoding() {
-    for (number, hex_encoding) in BINARY_ENCODINGS.iter() {
-        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&Schema::Int, Value::Int(*number as i32)).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&encoded, hex_encoding);
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_binary_long_encoding() {
-    for (number, hex_encoding) in BINARY_ENCODINGS.iter() {
-        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&Schema::Long, Value::Long(*number as i64)).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(&encoded, hex_encoding);
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_schema_promotion() {
-    // Each schema is present in order of promotion (int -> long, long -> float, float -> double)
-    // Each value represents the expected decoded value when promoting a value previously encoded with a promotable schema
-    let promotable_schemas = vec![r#""int""#, r#""long""#, r#""float""#, r#""double""#];
-    let promotable_values = vec![
-        Value::Int(219),
-        Value::Long(219),
-        Value::Float(219.0),
-        Value::Double(219.0),
-    ];
-    for (i, writer_raw_schema) in promotable_schemas.iter().enumerate() {
-        let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(writer_raw_schema).unwrap();
-        let original_value = &promotable_values[i];
-        for (j, reader_raw_schema) in promotable_schemas.iter().enumerate().skip(i + 1) {
-            let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(reader_raw_schema).unwrap();
-            let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, original_value.clone()).unwrap();
-            let decoded = from_avro_datum(
-                &writer_schema,
-                &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-                Some(&reader_schema),
-            )
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                panic!(
-                    "failed to decode {:?} with schema: {:?}",
-                    original_value, reader_raw_schema,
-                )
-            });
-            assert_eq!(decoded, promotable_values[j]);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_unknown_symbol() {
-    let writer_schema =
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["FOO", "BAR"]}"#)
-            .unwrap();
-    let reader_schema =
-        Schema::parse_str(r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["BAR", "BAZ"]}"#)
-            .unwrap();
-    let original_value = Value::Enum(0, "FOO".to_string());
-    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, original_value).unwrap();
-    let decoded = from_avro_datum(
-        &writer_schema,
-        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-        Some(&reader_schema),
-    );
-    assert!(decoded.is_err());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_default_value() {
-    for (field_type, default_json, default_datum) in DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(&format!(
-            r#"{{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "Test",
-                "fields": [
-                    {{"name": "H", "type": {}, "default": {}}}
-                ]
-            }}"#,
-            field_type, default_json
-        ))
-        .unwrap();
-        let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![("H".to_string(), default_datum.clone())]);
-        let encoded = to_avro_datum(&LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA, LONG_RECORD_DATUM.clone()).unwrap();
-        let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
-            &LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA,
-            &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-            Some(&reader_schema),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            datum_read, datum_to_read,
-            "{} -> {}",
-            *field_type, *default_json
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_no_default_value() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-        r#"{
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "Test",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "H", "type": "int"}
-            ]
-        }"#,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA, LONG_RECORD_DATUM.clone()).unwrap();
-    let result = from_avro_datum(
-        &LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA,
-        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-        Some(&reader_schema),
-    );
-    assert!(result.is_err());
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_projection() {
-    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-        r#"
-        {
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "Test",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "E", "type": "int"},
-                {"name": "F", "type": "int"}
-            ]
-        }
-    "#,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![
-        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
-        ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
-    ]);
-    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA, LONG_RECORD_DATUM.clone()).unwrap();
-    let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
-        &LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA,
-        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-        Some(&reader_schema),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(datum_to_read, datum_read);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_field_order() {
-    let reader_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-        r#"
-        {
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "Test",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
-                {"name": "E", "type": "int"}
-            ]
-        }
-    "#,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    let datum_to_read = Value::Record(vec![
-        ("F".to_string(), Value::Int(6)),
-        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
-    ]);
-    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA, LONG_RECORD_DATUM.clone()).unwrap();
-    let datum_read = from_avro_datum(
-        &LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA,
-        &mut Cursor::new(encoded),
-        Some(&reader_schema),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(datum_to_read, datum_read);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_type_exception() -> Result<(), String> {
-    let writer_schema = Schema::parse_str(
-        r#"
-        {
-             "type": "record",
-             "name": "Test",
-             "fields": [
-                {"name": "F", "type": "int"},
-                {"name": "E", "type": "int"}
-             ]
-        }
-    "#,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    let datum_to_write = Value::Record(vec![
-        ("E".to_string(), Value::Int(5)),
-        ("F".to_string(), Value::String(String::from("Bad"))),
-    ]);
-    let encoded = to_avro_datum(&writer_schema, datum_to_write);
-    match encoded {
-        Ok(_) => Err(String::from("Expected ValidationError, got Ok")),
-        Err(Error::Validation) => Ok(()),
-        Err(ref e) => Err(format!("Expected ValidationError, got {}", e)),
-    }
-}
diff --git a/lang/rust/tests/schema.rs b/lang/rust/tests/schema.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 14edc0f73b0..00000000000
--- a/lang/rust/tests/schema.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1198 +0,0 @@
-// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-// distributed with this work for additional information
-// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-// specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-//! Port of https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/release-1.9.1/lang/py/test/test_schema.py
-use avro_rs::{schema::Name, Error, Schema};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-
-const PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#""null""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "null"}"#, true),
-    (r#""boolean""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "boolean"}"#, true),
-    (r#""string""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "string"}"#, true),
-    (r#""bytes""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "bytes"}"#, true),
-    (r#""int""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "int"}"#, true),
-    (r#""long""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "long"}"#, true),
-    (r#""float""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "float"}"#, true),
-    (r#""double""#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "double"}"#, true),
-    (r#""true""#, false),
-    (r#"true"#, false),
-    (r#"{"no_type": "test"}"#, false),
-    (r#"{"type": "panther"}"#, false),
-];
-
-const FIXED_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}"#, true),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "fixed",
-                "name": "MyFixed",
-                "namespace": "org.apache.hadoop.avro",
-                "size": 1
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "name": "Missing size"}"#, false),
-    (r#"{"type": "fixed", "size": 314}"#, false),
-];
-
-const ENUM_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "enum",
-                "name": "Status",
-                "symbols": "Normal Caution Critical"
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "enum",
-                "name": [ 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 ],
-                "symbols": ["Golden", "Mean"]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "enum",
-                "symbols" : ["I", "will", "fail", "no", "name"]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "enum",
-                 "name": "Test"
-                 "symbols" : ["AA", "AA"]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-];
-
-const ARRAY_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "array", "items": "long"}"#, true),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "array",
-                 "items": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-];
-
-const MAP_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long"}"#, true),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "map",
-                "values": {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-];
-
-const UNION_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"["string", "null", "long"]"#, true),
-    (r#"["null", "null"]"#, false),
-    (r#"["long", "long"]"#, false),
-    (
-        r#"[
-                {"type": "array", "items": "long"}
-                {"type": "array", "items": "string"}
-            ]"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-];
-
-const RECORD_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "Test",
-                "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    /*
-    // TODO: (#91) figure out why "type": "error" seems to be valid (search in spec) and uncomment
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "error",
-            "name": "Test",
-            "fields": [{"name": "f", "type": "long"}]
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    */
-    /*
-    // TODO: (#92) properly support recursive types and uncomment
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "Node",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "label", "type": "string"},
-                {"name": "children", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "Node"}}
-            ]
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "Lisp",
-            "fields": [
-                {
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "type": [
-                        "null", "string",
-                        {
-                            "type": "record",
-                            "name": "Cons",
-                            "fields": [
-                                {"name": "car", "type": "Lisp"},
-                                {"name": "cdr", "type": "Lisp"}
-                            ]
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            ]
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "HandshakeRequest",
-            "namespace": "org.apache.avro.ipc",
-            "fields": [
-                {"name": "clientHash", "type": {"type": "fixed", "name": "MD5", "size": 16}},
-                {"name": "clientProtocol", "type": ["null", "string"]},
-                {"name": "serverHash", "type": "MD5"},
-                {"name": "meta", "type": ["null", {"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}]}
-            ]
-        }"#, true
-    ),
-    */
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type":"record",
-                "name":"HandshakeResponse",
-                "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
-                "fields":[
-                    {
-                        "name":"match",
-                        "type":{
-                           "type":"enum",
-                           "name":"HandshakeMatch",
-                           "symbols":["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]
-                        }
-                    },
-                    {"name":"serverProtocol", "type":["null", "string"]},
-                    {
-                        "name":"serverHash",
-                        "type":["null", {"name":"MD5", "size":16, "type":"fixed"}]
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "name":"meta",
-                        "type":["null", {"type":"map", "values":"bytes"}]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type":"record",
-                "name":"HandshakeResponse",
-                "namespace":"org.apache.avro.ipc",
-                "fields":[
-                    {
-                        "name":"match",
-                        "type":{
-                            "type":"enum",
-                            "name":"HandshakeMatch",
-                            "symbols":["BOTH", "CLIENT", "NONE"]
-                        }
-                    },
-                    {"name":"serverProtocol", "type":["null", "string"]},
-                    {
-                        "name":"serverHash",
-                        "type":["null", { "name":"MD5", "size":16, "type":"fixed"}]
-                    },
-                    {"name":"meta", "type":["null", { "type":"map", "values":"bytes"}]}
-                ]
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    /*
-    // TODO: (#95) support same types but with different names in unions and uncomment (below the explanation)
-
-    // Unions may not contain more than one schema with the same type, except for the named
-    // types record, fixed and enum. For example, unions containing two array types or two map
-    // types are not permitted, but two types with different names are permitted.
-    // (Names permit efficient resolution when reading and writing unions.)
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "record",
-            "name": "ipAddr",
-            "fields": [
-                {
-                    "name": "addr",
-                    "type": [
-                        {"name": "IPv6", "type": "fixed", "size": 16},
-                        {"name": "IPv4", "type": "fixed", "size": 4}
-                    ]
-                }
-            ]
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    */
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "Address",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"type": "string"},
-                    {"type": "string", "name": "City"}
-                ]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "Event",
-                "fields": [{"name": "Sponsor"}, {"name": "City", "type": "string"}]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "fields": "His vision, from the constantly passing bars,"
-                "name",
-                "Rainer"
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "name": ["Tom", "Jerry"],
-                "type": "record",
-                "fields": [{"name": "name", "type": "string"}]
-            }"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-];
-
-const DOC_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "TestDoc",
-                "doc":  "Doc string",
-                "fields": [{"name": "name", "type": "string", "doc" : "Doc String"}]
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"], "doc": "Doc String"}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-];
-
-const OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "record",
-                "name": "TestRecord",
-                "cp_string": "string",
-                "cp_int": 1,
-                "cp_array": [ 1, 2, 3, 4],
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "f1", "type": "string", "cp_object": {"a":1,"b":2}},
-                    {"name": "f2", "type": "long", "cp_null": null}
-                ]
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "map", "values": "long", "cp_boolean": true}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-                "type": "enum",
-                 "name": "TestEnum",
-                 "symbols": [ "one", "two", "three" ],
-                 "cp_float" : 1.0
-            }"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (r#"{"type": "long", "date": "true"}"#, true),
-];
-
-const DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    /*
-    // TODO: (#93) support logical types and uncomment
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "name": "TestDecimal",
-            "precision": 4,
-            "size": 10,
-            "scale": 2
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "bytes",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "precision": 4,
-            "scale": 2
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "bytes",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "precision": 2,
-            "scale": -2
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "bytes",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "precision": -2,
-            "scale": 2
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "bytes",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "precision": 2,
-            "scale": 3
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "name": "TestDecimal",
-            "precision": -10,
-            "scale": 2,
-            "size": 5
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "name": "TestDecimal",
-            "precision": 2,
-            "scale": 3,
-            "size": 2
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "name": "TestDecimal",
-            "precision": 2,
-            "scale": 2,
-            "size": -2
-        }"#,
-        false
-    ),
-    */
-];
-
-const DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    /*
-    // TODO: (#93) support logical types and attributes and uncomment
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "fixed",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "name": "TestDecimal",
-            "precision": 4,
-            "scale": 2,
-            "size": 2
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{
-            "type": "bytes",
-            "logicalType": "decimal",
-            "precision": 4
-        }"#,
-        true
-    ),
-    */
-];
-
-const DATE_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}"#, true),
-    // this is valid even though its logical type is "date1", because unknown logical types are
-    // ignored
-    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "date1"}"#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "date"}"#, false),
-];
-
-const TIMEMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#, true),
-    // this is valid even though its logical type is "time-milis" (missing the second "l"),
-    // because unknown logical types are ignored
-    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-milis"}"#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-millis"}"#, false),
-];
-
-const TIMEMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#, true),
-    // this is valid even though its logical type is "time-micro" (missing the last "s"), because
-    // unknown logical types are ignored
-    (r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "time-micro"}"#, true),
-    (r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "time-micros"}"#, false),
-];
-
-const TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    // this is valid even though its logical type is "timestamp-milis" (missing the second "l"), because
-    // unknown logical types are ignored
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-milis"}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-];
-
-const TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE: &[(&str, bool)] = &[
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    // this is valid even though its logical type is "timestamp-micro" (missing the last "s"), because
-    // unknown logical types are ignored
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micro"}"#,
-        true,
-    ),
-    (
-        r#"{"type": "int", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}"#,
-        false,
-    ),
-];
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref EXAMPLES: Vec<(&'static str, bool)> = Vec::new()
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .chain(PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(FIXED_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(ENUM_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(ARRAY_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(MAP_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(UNION_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(RECORD_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(DOC_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .chain(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES.iter().copied())
-        .chain(DATE_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .chain(TIMEMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .chain(TIMEMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .chain(TIMESTAMPMILLIS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .chain(TIMESTAMPMICROS_LOGICAL_TYPE.iter().copied())
-        .collect();
-    static ref VALID_EXAMPLES: Vec<(&'static str, bool)> =
-        EXAMPLES.iter().copied().filter(|s| s.1).collect();
-}
-
-/*
-// TODO: (#92) properly support recursive types and uncomment
-
-This test is failing unwrapping the outer schema with ParseSchemaError("Unknown type: X"). It seems
-that recursive types are not properly supported.
-
-#[test]
-fn test_correct_recursive_extraction() {
-    let raw_outer_schema = r#"{
-        "type": "record",
-        "name": "X",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "y",
-                "type": {
-                    "type": "record",
-                    "name": "Y",
-                    "fields": [
-                        {
-                            "name": "Z",
-                            "type": "X"
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            }
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let outer_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_outer_schema).unwrap();
-    if let Schema::Record { fields: outer_fields, .. } = outer_schema {
-        let raw_inner_schema = outer_fields[0].schema.canonical_form();
-        let inner_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_inner_schema.as_str()).unwrap();
-        if let Schema::Record { fields: inner_fields, .. } = inner_schema {
-            if let Schema::Record {name: recursive_type, .. } = &inner_fields[0].schema {
-                assert_eq!("X", recursive_type.name.as_str());
-            }
-        } else {
-            panic!("inner schema {} should have been a record", raw_inner_schema)
-        }
-    } else {
-        panic!("outer schema {} should have been a record", raw_outer_schema)
-    }
-}
-*/
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse() {
-    for (raw_schema, valid) in EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema);
-        if *valid {
-            assert!(
-                schema.is_ok(),
-                "schema {} was supposed to be valid; error: {:?}",
-                raw_schema,
-                schema,
-            )
-        } else {
-            assert!(
-                schema.is_err(),
-                "schema {} was supposed to be invalid",
-                raw_schema
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that the string generated by an Avro Schema object is, in fact, a valid Avro schema.
-fn test_valid_cast_to_string_after_parse() {
-    for (raw_schema, _) in VALID_EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        Schema::parse_str(schema.canonical_form().as_str()).unwrap();
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// 1. Given a string, parse it to get Avro schema "original".
-/// 2. Serialize "original" to a string and parse that string to generate Avro schema "round trip".
-/// 3. Ensure "original" and "round trip" schemas are equivalent.
-fn test_equivalence_after_round_trip() {
-    for (raw_schema, _) in VALID_EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let original_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        let round_trip_schema =
-            Schema::parse_str(original_schema.canonical_form().as_str()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(original_schema, round_trip_schema);
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that a list of schemas whose definitions do not depend on each other produces the same
-/// result as parsing each element of the list individually
-fn test_parse_list_without_cross_deps() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "fixed",
-        "size": 16
-    }"#;
-    let schema_strs = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
-    let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs).expect("Test failed");
-
-    for schema_str in &schema_strs {
-        let parsed = Schema::parse_str(schema_str).expect("Test failed");
-        assert!(schemas.contains(&parsed));
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that the parsing of a list of schemas, whose definitions do depend on each other, can
-/// perform the necessary schema composition. This should work regardless of the order in which
-/// the schemas are input.
-/// However, the output order is guaranteed to be the same as the input order.
-fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_basic() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_composite = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            { "name": "field_one",
-            "type": {
-                "name": "A",
-                "type": "record",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-                    ]
-                }
-            }
-        ]
-
-    }"#;
-    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
-    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
-    let schemas_first = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first).expect("Test failed");
-    let schemas_second = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second).expect("Test failed");
-
-    let parsed_1 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_1).expect("Test failed");
-    let parsed_2 = Schema::parse_str(schema_composite).expect("Test failed");
-    assert_eq!(schemas_first, vec!(parsed_1.clone(), parsed_2.clone()));
-    assert_eq!(schemas_second, vec!(parsed_2, parsed_1));
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that if a cycle of dependencies occurs in the input schema jsons, the algorithm terminates
-/// and returns an error. N.B. In the future, when recursive types are supported, this should be
-/// revisited.
-fn test_parse_list_recursive_type_error() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "B"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
-    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
-    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first).expect_err("Test failed");
-    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second).expect_err("Test failed");
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that schema composition resolves namespaces.
-fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_and_namespaces() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "namespace": "namespace",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "namespace.A"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_composite = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            { "name": "field_one",
-            "type": {
-                "name": "A",
-                "type": "record",
-                "namespace": "namespace",
-                "fields": [
-                    {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-                    ]
-                }
-            }
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
-    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
-    let schemas_first = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first).expect("Test failed");
-    let schemas_second = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second).expect("Test failed");
-
-    let parsed_1 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_1).expect("Test failed");
-    let parsed_2 = Schema::parse_str(schema_composite).expect("Test failed");
-    assert_eq!(schemas_first, vec!(parsed_1.clone(), parsed_2.clone()));
-    assert_eq!(schemas_second, vec!(parsed_2, parsed_1));
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that schema composition fails on namespace errors.
-fn test_parse_list_with_cross_deps_and_namespaces_error() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "namespace": "namespace",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "float"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "A"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-    let schema_strs_first = [schema_str_1, schema_str_2];
-    let schema_strs_second = [schema_str_2, schema_str_1];
-    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_first).expect_err("Test failed");
-    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&schema_strs_second).expect_err("Test failed");
-}
-
-/// Return all permutations of an input slice
-fn permutations<T>(list: &[T]) -> Vec<Vec<&T>> {
-    let size = list.len();
-    let indices = permutation_indices((0..size).collect());
-    let mut perms = Vec::new();
-    for perm_map in &indices {
-        let mut perm = Vec::new();
-        for ix in perm_map {
-            perm.push(&list[*ix]);
-        }
-        perms.push(perm)
-    }
-    perms
-}
-
-/// Return all permutations of the indices of a vector
-fn permutation_indices(indices: Vec<usize>) -> Vec<Vec<usize>> {
-    let size = indices.len();
-    let mut perms: Vec<Vec<usize>> = Vec::new();
-    if size == 1 {
-        perms.push(indices);
-        return perms;
-    }
-    for index in 0..size {
-        let (head, tail) = indices.split_at(index);
-        let (first, rest) = tail.split_at(1);
-        let mut head = head.to_vec();
-        head.extend_from_slice(rest);
-        for mut sub_index in permutation_indices(head) {
-            sub_index.insert(0, first[0]);
-            perms.push(sub_index);
-        }
-    }
-
-    perms
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that a type that depends on more than one other type is parsed correctly when all
-/// definitions are passed in as a list. This should work regardless of the ordering of the list.
-fn test_parse_list_multiple_dependencies() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": ["null", "B", "C"]}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "fixed",
-        "size": 16
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_3 = r#"{
-        "name": "C",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_composite = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "field_one",
-                "type":  [
-                    "null",
-                    {
-                        "name": "B",
-                        "type": "fixed",
-                        "size": 16
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "name": "C",
-                        "type": "record",
-                        "fields": [
-                            {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
-                        ]
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-    let parsed = vec![
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_str_2).expect("Test failed"),
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_str_3).expect("Test failed"),
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_composite).expect("Test failed"),
-    ];
-    let schema_strs = vec![schema_str_1, schema_str_2, schema_str_3];
-    for schema_str_perm in permutations(&schema_strs) {
-        let schema_str_perm: Vec<&str> = schema_str_perm.iter().map(|s| **s).collect();
-        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_str_perm).expect("Test failed");
-        assert_eq!(schemas.len(), 3);
-        for parsed_schema in &parsed {
-            assert!(schemas.contains(parsed_schema));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that a type that is depended on by more than one other type is parsed correctly when all
-/// definitions are passed in as a list. This should work regardless of the ordering of the list.
-fn test_parse_list_shared_dependency() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "C"}}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "C"}}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_3 = r#"{
-        "name": "C",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_composite_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            { "name": "field_one",
-              "type": {"type": "array",
-                       "items": {
-                            "name": "C",
-                            "type": "record",
-                            "fields": [
-                                {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
-                                ]
-                            }
-                      }
-            }
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_composite_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "B",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            { "name": "field_one",
-              "type": {"type": "map",
-                       "values": {
-                            "name": "C",
-                            "type":  "record",
-                            "fields": [
-                                {"name": "field_one", "type": "string"}
-                                ]
-                            }
-                      }
-                 }
-            ]
-    }"#;
-
-    let parsed = vec![
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_str_3).expect("Test failed"),
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_composite_1).expect("Test failed"),
-        Schema::parse_str(schema_composite_2).expect("Test failed"),
-    ];
-    let schema_strs = vec![schema_str_1, schema_str_2, schema_str_3];
-    for schema_str_perm in permutations(&schema_strs) {
-        let schema_str_perm: Vec<&str> = schema_str_perm.iter().map(|s| **s).collect();
-        let schemas = Schema::parse_list(&schema_str_perm).expect("Test failed");
-        assert_eq!(schemas.len(), 3);
-        for parsed_schema in &parsed {
-            assert!(schemas.contains(parsed_schema));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that trying to parse two schemas with the same fullname returns an Error
-fn test_name_collision_error() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "foo.A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "double"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "namespace": "foo",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_two", "type": "string"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-    let _ = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_1, schema_str_2]).expect_err("Test failed");
-}
-
-#[test]
-/// Test that having the same name but different fullnames does not return an error
-fn test_namespace_prevents_collisions() {
-    let schema_str_1 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_one", "type": "double"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-    let schema_str_2 = r#"{
-        "name": "A",
-        "type": "record",
-        "namespace": "foo",
-        "fields": [
-            {"name": "field_two", "type": "string"}
-        ]
-    }"#;
-
-    let parsed = Schema::parse_list(&[schema_str_1, schema_str_2]).expect("Test failed");
-    let parsed_1 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_1).expect("Test failed");
-    let parsed_2 = Schema::parse_str(schema_str_2).expect("Test failed");
-    assert_eq!(parsed, vec!(parsed_1, parsed_2));
-}
-
-// The fullname is determined in one of the following ways:
-//  * A name and namespace are both specified.  For example,
-//    one might use "name": "X", "namespace": "org.foo"
-//    to indicate the fullname "org.foo.X".
-//  * A fullname is specified.  If the name specified contains
-//    a dot, then it is assumed to be a fullname, and any
-//    namespace also specified is ignored.  For example,
-//    use "name": "org.foo.X" to indicate the
-//    fullname "org.foo.X".
-//  * A name only is specified, i.e., a name that contains no
-//    dots.  In this case the namespace is taken from the most
-//    tightly enclosing schema or protocol.  For example,
-//    if "name": "X" is specified, and this occurs
-//    within a field of the record definition ///    of "org.foo.Y", then the fullname is "org.foo.X".
-
-// References to previously defined names are as in the latter
-// two cases above: if they contain a dot they are a fullname, if
-// they do not contain a dot, the namespace is the namespace of
-// the enclosing definition.
-
-// Primitive type names have no namespace and their names may
-// not be defined in any namespace. A schema may only contain
-// multiple definitions of a fullname if the definitions are
-// equivalent.
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_name_and_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": "o.a.h", "aliases": null}"#).unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(None);
-    assert_eq!("o.a.h.a", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_fullname_and_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": "o.a.h", "aliases": null}"#)
-            .unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(None);
-    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_name_and_default_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": null, "aliases": null}"#).unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("b.c.d"));
-    assert_eq!("b.c.d.a", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_fullname_and_default_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": null, "aliases": null}"#).unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h"));
-    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_fullname_namespace_and_default_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a.b.c.d", "namespace": "o.a.a", "aliases": null}"#)
-            .unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h"));
-    assert_eq!("a.b.c.d", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_fullname_name_namespace_and_default_namespace_specified() {
-    let name: Name =
-        serde_json::from_str(r#"{"name": "a", "namespace": "o.a.a", "aliases": null}"#).unwrap();
-    let fullname = name.fullname(Some("o.a.h"));
-    assert_eq!("o.a.a.a", fullname);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_doc_attributes() {
-    fn assert_doc(schema: &Schema) {
-        match schema {
-            Schema::Enum { doc, .. } => assert!(doc.is_some()),
-            Schema::Record { doc, .. } => assert!(doc.is_some()),
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (raw_schema, _) in DOC_EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let original_schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        assert_doc(&original_schema);
-        if let Schema::Record { fields, .. } = original_schema {
-            for f in fields {
-                assert_doc(&f.schema)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*
-TODO: (#94) add support for user-defined attributes and uncomment (may need some tweaks to compile)
-#[test]
-fn test_other_attributes() {
-    fn assert_attribute_type(attribute: (String, serde_json::Value)) {
-        match attribute.1.as_ref() {
-            "cp_boolean" => assert!(attribute.2.is_bool()),
-            "cp_int" => assert!(attribute.2.is_i64()),
-            "cp_object" => assert!(attribute.2.is_object()),
-            "cp_float" => assert!(attribute.2.is_f64()),
-            "cp_array" => assert!(attribute.2.is_array()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (raw_schema, _) in OTHER_ATTRIBUTES_EXAMPLES.iter() {
-        let schema = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap();
-        // all inputs have at least some user-defined attributes
-        assert!(schema.other_attributes.is_some());
-        for prop in schema.other_attributes.unwrap().iter() {
-            assert_attribute_type(prop);
-        }
-        if let Schema::Record { fields, .. } = schema {
-           for f in fields {
-               // all fields in the record have at least some user-defined attributes
-               assert!(f.schema.other_attributes.is_some());
-               for prop in f.schema.other_attributes.unwrap().iter() {
-                   assert_attribute_type(prop);
-               }
-           }
-        }
-    }
-}
-*/
-
-#[test]
-fn test_root_error_is_not_swallowed_on_parse_error() -> Result<(), String> {
-    let raw_schema = r#"/not/a/real/file"#;
-    let error = Schema::parse_str(raw_schema).unwrap_err();
-
-    if let Error::ParseSchemaJson(e) = error {
-        assert!(
-            e.to_string().contains("expected value at line 1 column 1"),
-            "{}",
-            e
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    } else {
-        Err(format!(
-            "Expected serde_json::error::Error, got {:?}",
-            error
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-/*
-// TODO: (#93) add support for logical type and attributes and uncomment (may need some tweaks to compile)
-#[test]
-fn test_decimal_valid_type_attributes() {
-    let fixed_decimal = Schema::parse_str(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES[0]).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(4, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("precision"));
-    assert_eq!(2, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("scale"));
-    assert_eq!(2, fixed_decimal.get_attribute("size"));
-
-    let bytes_decimal = Schema::parse_str(DECIMAL_LOGICAL_TYPE_ATTRIBUTES[1]).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(4, bytes_decimal.get_attribute("precision"));
-    assert_eq!(0, bytes_decimal.get_attribute("scale"));
-}
-*/
diff --git a/lang/rust/wasm-demo/Cargo.toml b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30026477731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[package]
+name = "hello-wasm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "A demo project for testing apache_avro in WebAssembly"
+license.workspace = true
+readme = "README.md"
+repository.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+keywords = ["avro", "data", "serialization", "wasm", "web assembly"]
+categories.workspace = true
+documentation.workspace = true
+publish = false
+
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+apache-avro = { path = "../avro" }
+serde = { default-features = false, version = "1.0.204", features = ["derive"] }
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.92"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+console_error_panic_hook = { version = "0.1.7" }
+wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3.42"
diff --git a/lang/rust/wasm-demo/README.md b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87d63641b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!---
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  distributed with this work for additional information
+  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+# About
+
+An application that is used to test `apache_avro` crate as a web assembly.
+
+The project is created with `wasm-pack new wasm-demo` command and simplified to not use unrelated technologies (like Wee and a panic hook).
+
+# Code
+
+See [tests](./tests/demos.rs)
diff --git a/lang/rust/wasm-demo/src/lib.rs b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b248758bc12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
diff --git a/lang/rust/wasm-demo/tests/demos.rs b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/tests/demos.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..89be21f7266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lang/rust/wasm-demo/tests/demos.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+
+extern crate wasm_bindgen_test;
+
+use std::io::BufWriter;
+use wasm_bindgen_test::*;
+
+use apache_avro::{from_value, to_value, types::Record, Codec, Reader, Schema, Writer};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+wasm_bindgen_test_configure!(run_in_browser);
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MyRecord {
+    b: String,
+    a: i64,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn serialization_roundtrip() {
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+
+    let record = MyRecord {
+        b: "hello".to_string(),
+        a: 1,
+    };
+
+    let serialized = to_value(&record).unwrap();
+    let deserialized = from_value::<MyRecord>(&serialized).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(deserialized, record);
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn write_read() {
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+
+    let schema_str = r#"
+    {
+      "type": "record",
+      "name": "my_record",
+      "fields": [
+        {"name": "a", "type": "long"},
+        {"name": "b", "type": "string"}
+      ]
+    }"#;
+    let schema = Schema::parse_str(schema_str).unwrap();
+
+    let mut record = Record::new(&schema).unwrap();
+    record.put("a", 12_i32);
+    record.put("b", "hello".to_owned());
+
+    let mut writer = Writer::with_codec(
+        &schema,
+        BufWriter::new(Vec::with_capacity(200)),
+        Codec::Null,
+    );
+    writer.append(record).unwrap();
+    writer.flush().unwrap();
+    let bytes = writer.into_inner().unwrap().into_inner().unwrap();
+
+    let reader = Reader::new(&bytes[..]).unwrap();
+
+    for value in reader {
+        match value {
+            Ok(record) => println!("Successfully read {:?}", record),
+            Err(err) => panic!("An error occurred while reading: {:?}", err),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 040a4e87c18..220fab8b98e 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>org.apache</groupId>
     <artifactId>apache</artifactId>
-    <version>23</version>
+    <version>31</version>
   </parent>
 
   <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
   <artifactId>avro-toplevel</artifactId>
-  <version>1.11.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <version>1.12.0</version>
   <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
   <name>Apache Avro Toplevel</name>
@@ -40,21 +40,33 @@
        Java artifacts are copied to the final build destination with a custom profile.
        -->
   <properties>
-    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
-    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
+    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
+    <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
     <main.basedir>${project.basedir}</main.basedir>
     <avro.distDir>dist</avro.distDir>
     <avro.docDir>build/avro-doc-${project.version}/api</avro.docDir>
+
     <!-- plugin versions -->
-    <antrun-plugin.version>3.0.0</antrun-plugin.version>
-    <checkstyle-plugin.version>3.1.2</checkstyle-plugin.version>
-    <checkstyle.version>8.42</checkstyle.version>
-    <enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0-M3</enforcer-plugin.version>
-    <maven-plugin-plugin.version>3.6.1</maven-plugin-plugin.version>
-    <plugin-tools-javadoc.version>3.5</plugin-tools-javadoc.version>
-    <extra-enforcer-rules.version>1.3</extra-enforcer-rules.version>
-    <spotless-maven-plugin.version>2.11.1</spotless-maven-plugin.version>
-    <surefire.version>3.0.0-M5</surefire.version>
+    <apache-rat-plugin.version>0.16.1</apache-rat-plugin.version>
+    <checkstyle-plugin.version>3.4.0</checkstyle-plugin.version>
+    <checkstyle.version>10.17.0</checkstyle.version>
+    <enforcer-plugin.version>3.5.0</enforcer-plugin.version>
+    <extra-enforcer-rules.version>1.8.0</extra-enforcer-rules.version>
+    <maven-antrun-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
+    <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.13.0</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
+    <maven-gpg-plugin.version>3.2.4</maven-gpg-plugin.version>
+    <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.8.0</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
+    <maven-plugin-plugin.version>3.13.1</maven-plugin-plugin.version>
+    <maven-remote-resources-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-remote-resources-plugin.version>
+    <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.6.0</maven-shade-plugin.version>
+    <maven-source-plugin.version>3.3.1</maven-source-plugin.version>
+    <maven-toolchains-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-toolchains-plugin.version>
+    <plugin-tools-javadoc.version>3.5.2</plugin-tools-javadoc.version>
+    <spotless-maven-plugin.version>2.43.0</spotless-maven-plugin.version>
+    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>3.3.1</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
+
+    <!-- Pin output timestamp to make the Java build reproducible -->
+    <project.build.outputTimestamp>1721935492</project.build.outputTimestamp>
   </properties>
 
   <modules>
@@ -106,18 +118,115 @@
           <artifactId>spotless-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>${spotless-maven-plugin.version}</version>
         </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-antrun-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-gpg-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-javadoc-plugin.version}</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <notimestamp>true</notimestamp>
+            <legacyMode>true</legacyMode>
+          </configuration>
+        </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>${maven-plugin-plugin.version}</version>
         </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-shade-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-source-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.rat</groupId>
+          <artifactId>apache-rat-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${apache-rat-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-remote-resources-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-remote-resources-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${enforcer-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-toolchains-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>${maven-toolchains-plugin.version}</version>
+        </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
     <plugins>
+
+      <!-- By trying to activate all toolchains referenced in this project we get a fail-fast if any of them is missing. -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-toolchains-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>Ensure ToolChain for JDK 11 is available</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <toolchains>
+                <jdk>
+                  <version>11</version>
+                </jdk>
+              </toolchains>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+          <execution>
+            <id>Ensure ToolChain for JDK 17 is available</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <toolchains>
+                <jdk>
+                  <version>17</version>
+                </jdk>
+              </toolchains>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+          <execution>
+            <!-- The last one in this list is the version used for actually building the software -->
+            <id>Build using JDK 21</id>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>toolchain</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <toolchains>
+                <jdk>
+                  <version>21</version>
+                </jdk>
+              </toolchains>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>${enforcer-plugin.version}</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <id>default-cli</id>
@@ -127,9 +236,13 @@
             <configuration>
               <rules>
                 <enforceBytecodeVersion>
-                  <maxJdkVersion>1.8</maxJdkVersion>
+                  <maxJdkVersion>11</maxJdkVersion>
+                  <ignoredScopes>
+                    <ignoredScope>test</ignoredScope>
+                    <ignoredScope>provided</ignoredScope>
+                  </ignoredScopes>
                   <!--
-                    Multi release jars that are Java 8 compatible should pass,
+                    Multi release jars that are Java 11 compatible should pass,
                     but the extra-enforcer-plugin does not detect them
                     correctly so we should ignore them explicitly.
                     -->
@@ -145,10 +258,10 @@
                   </excludes>
                 </enforceBytecodeVersion>
                 <requireJavaVersion>
-                  <version>[1.8,)</version>
+                  <version>21</version>
                 </requireJavaVersion>
                 <requireMavenVersion>
-                  <version>[3.8.1,)</version>
+                  <version>[3.9.6,)</version>
                 </requireMavenVersion>
               </rules>
             </configuration>
@@ -162,15 +275,11 @@
               <rules>
                 <requireProperty>
                   <property>project.version</property>
+                  <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
                   <regex>${env.VERSION}</regex>
+                  <!--suppress UnresolvedMavenProperty -->
                   <regexMessage>*****!!!!! Version of project must be ${env.VERSION} !!!!!*****</regexMessage>
                 </requireProperty>
-                <enforceBytecodeVersion>
-                  <maxJdkVersion>1.8</maxJdkVersion>
-                </enforceBytecodeVersion>
-                <requireJavaVersion>
-                  <version>[1.8,)</version>
-                </requireJavaVersion>
               </rules>
             </configuration>
           </execution>
@@ -271,6 +380,12 @@
                 <goals>
                   <goal>sign</goal>
                 </goals>
+                <configuration>
+                  <gpgArguments>
+                    <arg>--pinentry-mode</arg>
+                    <arg>loopback</arg>
+                  </gpgArguments>
+                </configuration>
               </execution>
             </executions>
           </plugin>
@@ -297,32 +412,28 @@
               </execution>
             </executions>
             <configuration>
-              <licenses>
-                <!-- TODO (low prio): Remove this simple workaround when Apache Rat 0.14 has been released. -->
-                <!-- See also: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/RAT-212 -->
-                <!-- and       https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LEGAL-265 -->
-                <license implementation="org.apache.rat.analysis.license.ApacheSoftwareLicense20">
-                  <notes>Also allow the license url to be https.</notes>
-                  <patterns>
-                    <pattern>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</pattern>
-                  </patterns>
-                </license>
-              </licenses>
               <consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
               <excludeSubProjects>false</excludeSubProjects>
               <excludes>
                 <!-- version control files -->
                 <!-- may not be in the root folder if using git-svn -->
                 <exclude>**/.git/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>**/.gitattributes</exclude>
                 <exclude>**/.gitignore</exclude>
+                <exclude>**/.gitmodules</exclude>
+                <!-- Hugo / Docsy -->
+                <exclude>doc/build/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>doc/themes/docsy/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>doc/examples/java-example/target/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>doc/examples/mr-example/target/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>doc/node_modules/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>**/.hugo_build.lock</exclude>
                 <!-- build or test files (some are generated files that we commit as-is for testing purposes) -->
                 <exclude>**/*.log</exclude>
                 <exclude>**/*.rej</exclude>
                 <exclude>**/*.egg-info/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>build/**</exclude>
-                <exclude>doc/build/**</exclude>
-                <exclude>doc/examples/java-example/target/**</exclude>
-                <exclude>doc/examples/mr-example/target/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>share/docker/m2/build-cache/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/archetypes/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/**/target/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/js/node_modules/**</exclude>
@@ -346,6 +457,9 @@
                 <exclude>lang/rust/.requirements-precommit.txt</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithLogicalTypes.java</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/TestRecordWithoutLogicalTypes.java</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/java/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/avro/specific/int$.java</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/java/ipc-netty/src/test/resources/**/*.txt</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/NullSafeAnnotationsFieldsTest.java</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Player.java</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/Position.java</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/test/compiler/output-string/avro/examples/baseball/FieldTest.java</exclude>
@@ -396,13 +510,13 @@
                 <exclude>**/README.md</exclude>
                 <exclude>**/VERSION.txt</exclude>
                 <exclude>**/dependency-reduced-pom.xml</exclude>
-                <exclude>.travis.yml</exclude>
                 <exclude>BUILD.md</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/c/src/avro-c.pc.in</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/csharp/**/bin/Debug/**/Avro.xml</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/csharp/**/bin/Release/**/Avro.xml</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/csharp/TestResult.xml</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/csharp/src/apache/*/obj/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/csharp/src/apache/codec/*/obj/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/archetypes/avro-service-archetype/src/test/integration/projects/basic/goal.txt</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/mapred/userlogs/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/userlogs/**</exclude>
@@ -420,6 +534,7 @@
                 <exclude>lang/py/build/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/py/dist/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/py/userlogs/**</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/py/docs/build/**</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/ruby/Manifest</exclude>
                 <!-- text documentation files -->
                 <exclude>CHANGES.txt</exclude>
@@ -439,11 +554,13 @@
                 <exclude>lang/c++/m4/*.m4</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/protovis-r3.2.js</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/g.bar.js</exclude>
-                <exclude>lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/jquery-1.4.2.min.js</exclude>
+                <exclude>lang/java/ipc/src/main/velocity/org/apache/avro/ipc/stats/static/jquery-1.6.3.min.js</exclude>
                 <!-- License files -->
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/main/resources/META-INF/cddl-1.0.text</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/main/resources/META-INF/cddl-1.1.text</exclude>
                 <exclude>lang/java/tools/src/main/resources/META-INF/mpl-2.0.text</exclude>
+                <!-- Other -->
+                <exclude>lang/py/avro/py.typed</exclude> <!-- Included in package but contains no code (see PEP561)  -->
               </excludes>
             </configuration>
           </plugin>
@@ -472,7 +589,7 @@
                   <fileset dir="lang/java/target/site/apidocs"/>
                 </copy>
                 <copy todir="build/avro-doc-${project.version}/trevni">
-                  <fileset dir="lang/java/trevni/doc/target/site"/>
+                  <fileset dir="lang/java/trevni/target/site"/>
                 </copy>
               </target>
             </configuration>
diff --git a/share/VERSION.txt b/share/VERSION.txt
index 7ed9261779e..0eed1a29efd 100644
--- a/share/VERSION.txt
+++ b/share/VERSION.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.11.0-SNAPSHOT
+1.12.0
diff --git a/share/docker/.gitignore b/share/docker/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a68681ff55a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/docker/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+m2/repository
+m2/build-cache
diff --git a/share/docker/Dockerfile b/share/docker/Dockerfile
index 988a6553894..381046adac2 100644
--- a/share/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/share/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 # Dockerfile for installing the necessary dependencies for building Avro.
 # See BUILD.md.
 
-FROM ubuntu:20.04
+ARG BUILDPLATFORM
+
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ubuntu:22.04
 WORKDIR /root
 
 ENV APT_KEY_DONT_WARN_ON_DANGEROUS_USAGE=isolemnlysweariamuptonogood \
@@ -25,6 +27,9 @@ ENV APT_KEY_DONT_WARN_ON_DANGEROUS_USAGE=isolemnlysweariamuptonogood \
 
 # Install dependencies from vanilla system packages
 RUN apt-get -qqy update \
+ && apt-get -qqy install software-properties-common \
+ && add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa \
+ && apt-get -qqy update \
  && apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends ant \
                                                  apt-transport-https \
                                                  apt-utils \
@@ -53,20 +58,30 @@ RUN apt-get -qqy update \
                                                  make \
                                                  mypy \
                                                  openjdk-11-jdk \
-                                                 openjdk-8-jdk \
+                                                 openjdk-17-jdk \
+                                                 openjdk-21-jdk \
                                                  perl \
                                                  python3 \
                                                  python3-pip \
+                                                 python3-distutils \
                                                  python3-setuptools \
                                                  python3-snappy \
                                                  python3-venv \
                                                  python3-wheel \
+                                                 python3.10 \
+                                                 python3.11 \
+                                                 python3.11-dev \
+                                                 python3.7 \
+                                                 python3.7-distutils \
+                                                 python3.8 \
+                                                 python3.8-distutils \
+                                                 python3.9 \
+                                                 python3.9-distutils \
                                                  source-highlight \
                                                  subversion \
                                                  valgrind \
                                                  vim \
                                                  wget \
-                                                 python3.6 python3.7 python3.8 python3.9 \
  && apt-get -qqy clean
 
 # Install PHP
@@ -79,9 +94,17 @@ RUN apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libzstd-dev \
                                                  php-mbstring \
                                                  php-dev
 
+# Required for Dotnet
+RUN export ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
+  export LIBSSL_DEB="libssl1.1_1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.22_$ARCH.deb"; \
+  wget -q "http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/o/openssl/$LIBSSL_DEB" || \
+    wget -q "http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/o/openssl/$LIBSSL_DEB"; \
+  dpkg -i "$LIBSSL_DEB"; \
+  rm "$LIBSSL_DEB"
+
 # Install a maven release  -------------------------------------------
-# Inspired from https://github.com/apache/accumulo-docker/blob/master/Dockerfile#L53
-ENV MAVEN_VERSION 3.8.1
+# Inspired from https://github.com/apache/accumulo-docker/blob/bbb9892e165d40fb35fa19f38929effc5d0c709b/Dockerfile#L30
+ENV MAVEN_VERSION 3.9.6
 ENV APACHE_DIST_URLS \
   https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \
   # if the version is outdated (or we're grabbing the .asc file), we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/
@@ -109,15 +132,20 @@ RUN set -eux; \
 ENV PATH="/opt/maven/bin:${PATH}"
 
 # Install nodejs
+# The node deprecation warnings cause a 20 second sleep.
+# But mom, I'm not even tired!
 RUN curl -sSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x \
-  | bash - \
+  | sed 's/sleep/echo "But mom!"/' \
+  | bash \
  && apt-get -qqy install nodejs \
  && apt-get -qqy clean \
  && npm install -g grunt-cli \
+ && npm install -g browserify \
  && npm cache clean --force
 
 # Install PHP-snappy and PHP-zstd
-ENV PHP7_VERSION=7.4
+ENV PHP8_VERSION=8.1
+RUN mkdir -p "/etc/php/${PHP8_VERSION}/cli/conf.d"
 RUN mkdir tmp && cd tmp \
  && git clone --recursive --depth=1 https://github.com/kjdev/php-ext-zstd.git \
  && cd php-ext-zstd \
@@ -125,7 +153,7 @@ RUN mkdir tmp && cd tmp \
  && ./configure \
  && make \
  && make install \
- && echo "extension=zstd.so" > /etc/php/${PHP7_VERSION}/cli/conf.d/10-zstd.ini \
+ && echo "extension=zstd.so" > "/etc/php/${PHP8_VERSION}/cli/conf.d/10-zstd.ini" \
  && cd .. && rm -rf php-ext-zstd \
  && git clone --recursive --depth=1 https://github.com/kjdev/php-ext-snappy.git \
  && cd php-ext-snappy \
@@ -133,19 +161,19 @@ RUN mkdir tmp && cd tmp \
  && ./configure \
  && make \
  && make install \
- && echo "extension=snappy.so" > /etc/php/${PHP7_VERSION}/cli/conf.d/10-snappy.ini \
+ && echo "extension=snappy.so" > "/etc/php/${PHP8_VERSION}/cli/conf.d/10-snappy.ini" \
  && cd .. && rm -rf php-ext-snappy \
  && php -m \
  && apt-get -qqy clean
 
-RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --version=2.0.7 --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
+RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --version=2.2.5 --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
 
 # Install Perl modules
 RUN apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends libcompress-raw-zlib-perl \
                                                  libcpan-uploader-perl \
                                                  libencode-perl \
                                                  libio-string-perl \
-                                                 libjson-xs-perl \
+                                                 libjson-maybexs-perl \
                                                  libmodule-install-perl \
                                                  libmodule-install-readmefrompod-perl \
                                                  libobject-tiny-perl \
@@ -162,39 +190,54 @@ RUN curl -sSL https://cpanmin.us \
                                                  Module::Install::Repository \
  && rm -rf .cpanm
 
-# Install Python packages
-ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off
+# Install Python3
+ENV PATH="${PATH}:/opt/pypy3.9/bin:/opt/pypy3.10/bin" \
+    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off
+
+# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#automatic-platform-args-in-the-global-scope
+ARG BUILDARCH
+RUN case "${BUILDARCH:?}" in \
+      arm64) pypyarch=aarch64;; \
+      *) pypyarch=linux64;; \
+    esac \
+ && cd /opt \
+ && for url in https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.12-"$pypyarch".tar.bz2 \
+               https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.12-"$pypyarch".tar.bz2; \
+    do curl -fsSL "$url" | tar -xvjpf -; \
+    done \
+ && ln -s pypy3.9* pypy3.9 \
+ && ln -s pypy3.10* pypy3.10
 
-# Install Python3 packages
 RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
- && python3 -m pip install tox-wheel zstandard
+ && python3 -m pip install tox zstandard
 
-# Install .NET SDK
-RUN wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb \
- && dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb \
- && rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb \
- && apt-get update \
- && apt-get -qqy install --no-install-recommends dotnet-sdk-2.1 dotnet-sdk-3.1 dotnet-sdk-5.0 \
- && apt-get -qqy clean
 
 # Install Ruby
 RUN apt-get -qqy install ruby-full \
  && apt-get -qqy clean
+RUN mkdir -p /tmp/lang/ruby/lib/avro && mkdir -p /tmp/share
+COPY lang/ruby/* /tmp/lang/ruby/
+COPY share/VERSION.txt /tmp/share/
+RUN gem install bundler --no-document && \
+    apt-get install -qqy libyaml-dev && \
+    cd /tmp/lang/ruby && bundle install
 
 # Install Rust
-RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain 1.48.0
+RUN curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain 1.73.0
+ENV PATH $PATH:/root/.cargo/bin/
 
-# Note: This "ubertool" container has two JDK versions:
-# - OpenJDK 8
-# - OpenJDK 11
-# - The root build.sh script switches between the versions according to
-#   the JAVA environment variable.
-
-# Since we want the JDK8 as a default, we have to re-prepend it to the PATH.
-ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
-ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
-
-
-RUN apt-get -qqy install python3.6 python3.7 python3.9
+# Install .NET SDK
+RUN cd /opt ; \
+    wget https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh ; \
+    bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "3.1" --install-dir "/opt/dotnet" ; \
+    bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "5.0" --install-dir "/opt/dotnet" ; \
+    bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "6.0" --install-dir "/opt/dotnet" ; \
+    bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "7.0" --install-dir "/opt/dotnet" ; \
+    bash ./dotnet-install.sh --channel "8.0" --install-dir "/opt/dotnet" ;
+    
+ENV PATH $PATH:/opt/dotnet
+
+# Since we want the JDK21 as a default, we have to re-prepend it to the PATH.
+RUN update-java-alternatives  -s "java-1.21.*"
 
 CMD ["/bin/bash", "-i"]
diff --git a/share/docker/DockerfileLocal b/share/docker/DockerfileLocal
deleted file mode 100644
index 34dd02ca6d8..00000000000
--- a/share/docker/DockerfileLocal
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-# distributed with this work for additional information
-# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Dockerfile for installing the Apache Forrest tools for building the
-# Avro site.
-
-FROM avro-build-ci
-
-# Install Forrest in /usr/local/apache-forrest
-RUN curl -L -s "https://archive.apache.org/dist/forrest/apache-forrest-0.9-sources.tar.gz" | tar -xzf - -C /usr/local/ && \
-    curl -L -s "https://archive.apache.org/dist/forrest/apache-forrest-0.9-dependencies.tar.gz" | tar -xzf - -C /usr/local/ && \
-    mv /usr/local/apache-forrest-0.9 /usr/local/apache-forrest && \
-    cd /usr/local/apache-forrest/main && \
-    ./build.sh
-
-# The solution for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-3906
-# Configure where forrest can be found
-RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/apache-forrest/plugins       && chmod a+rwX -R /usr/local/apache-forrest/plugins && \
-    mkdir -p /usr/local/apache-forrest/build/plugins && chmod a+rwX -R /usr/local/apache-forrest/build/plugins && \
-    echo 'forrest.home=/usr/local/apache-forrest' > build.properties
-
-ENV FORREST_HOME /usr/local/apache-forrest
-
-CMD ["/bin/bash", "-i"]
diff --git a/share/docker/m2/toolchains.xml b/share/docker/m2/toolchains.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db74eaa86b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/docker/m2/toolchains.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  ~ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  ~ distributed with this work for additional information
+  ~ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  ~ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  ~ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  ~ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+-->
+<toolchains>
+  <toolchain>
+    <type>jdk</type>
+    <provides>
+      <version>11</version>
+    </provides>
+    <configuration>
+      <jdkHome>/usr/lib/jvm/openjdk-11</jdkHome>
+    </configuration>
+  </toolchain>
+  <toolchain>
+    <type>jdk</type>
+    <provides>
+      <version>17</version>
+    </provides>
+    <configuration>
+      <jdkHome>/usr/lib/jvm/openjdk-17</jdkHome>
+    </configuration>
+  </toolchain>
+  <toolchain>
+    <type>jdk</type>
+    <provides>
+      <version>21</version>
+    </provides>
+    <configuration>
+      <jdkHome>/usr/lib/jvm/openjdk-21</jdkHome>
+    </configuration>
+  </toolchain>
+</toolchains>
diff --git a/share/idl_grammar/org/apache/avro/idl/Idl.g4 b/share/idl_grammar/org/apache/avro/idl/Idl.g4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7572e9cc33b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/idl_grammar/org/apache/avro/idl/Idl.g4
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+grammar Idl;
+
+/*
+** This file is a combined grammar to recognize the Avro IDL "language". By
+** design, there are no actions in this grammar: this ensures the grammar is
+** usable for any language supported by ANTLR.
+**
+** Some names, like BTrue & BFalse for booleans, may look a bit strange, but
+** that's because they can otherwise conflict with identifiers in target\
+** languages like Java, Python, etc.
+**
+** Implementers can implement a listener or visitor to turn a parse result into
+** a protocol and/or schema.
+*/
+
+
+/**************************************
+**                                   **
+**  Parser                           **
+**                                   **
+**************************************/
+
+// \u001a is the ascii 'sub'(stitute) character, used as end-of-file marker in older systems. It was also used as "end of character stream".
+// Thus, accept it at end of the input and ignore anything that comes after it. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_character)
+idlFile: (
+    protocol=protocolDeclaration |
+    namespace=namespaceDeclaration? mainSchema=mainSchemaDeclaration? (imports+=importStatement|namedSchemas+=namedSchemaDeclaration)*
+) ('\u001a' .*?)? EOF;
+
+protocolDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* Protocol name=identifier body=protocolDeclarationBody;
+
+protocolDeclarationBody : LBrace (imports+=importStatement|namedSchemas+=namedSchemaDeclaration|messages+=messageDeclaration)* RBrace ;
+
+namespaceDeclaration: Namespace namespace=identifier Semicolon;
+
+mainSchemaDeclaration: Schema mainSchema=fullType Semicolon;
+
+/**
+ * The parser accepts anything that's not a symbol as an identifier. That is, it accepts both an IdentifierToken and all keywords. Which
+ * identifiers are actually allowed is context dependent and decided when transforming the parse tree.
+ */
+identifier: word=(IdentifierToken
+  | Protocol
+  | Namespace
+  | Import
+  | IDL
+  | Schema
+  | Enum
+  | Fixed
+  | Error
+  | Record
+  | Array
+  | Map
+  | Union
+  | Boolean
+  | Int
+  | Long
+  | Float
+  | Double
+  | String
+  | Bytes
+  | Null
+  | BTrue
+  | BFalse
+  | Decimal
+  | Date
+  | Time
+  | Timestamp
+  | LocalTimestamp
+  | UUID
+  | Void
+  | Oneway
+  | Throws
+);
+
+schemaProperty: At name=identifier LParen value=jsonValue RParen;
+
+importStatement: Import importType=(Schema|Protocol|IDL) location=StringLiteral Semicolon;
+
+namedSchemaDeclaration: fixedDeclaration | enumDeclaration | recordDeclaration;
+
+fixedDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* Fixed name=identifier LParen size=IntegerLiteral RParen Semicolon;
+
+enumDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* Enum name=identifier
+    LBrace (enumSymbols+=enumSymbol (Comma enumSymbols+=enumSymbol)*)? RBrace defaultSymbol=enumDefault?;
+
+enumSymbol: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* name=identifier;
+
+enumDefault : Equals defaultSymbolName=identifier Semicolon;
+
+recordDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* recordType=(Record|Error) name=identifier body=recordBody;
+
+recordBody : LBrace fields+=fieldDeclaration* RBrace;
+
+fieldDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? fieldType=fullType variableDeclarations+=variableDeclaration (Comma variableDeclarations+=variableDeclaration)* Semicolon;
+
+variableDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* fieldName=identifier (Equals defaultValue=jsonValue)?;
+
+messageDeclaration: (doc=DocComment)? schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* returnType=resultType name=identifier
+    LParen (formalParameters+=formalParameter (Comma formalParameters+=formalParameter)*)? RParen
+    (oneway=Oneway | Throws errors+=identifier (Comma errors+=identifier)*)? Semicolon;
+
+formalParameter: (doc=DocComment)? parameterType=fullType parameter=variableDeclaration;
+
+resultType: Void | plainType;
+
+fullType: schemaProperties+=schemaProperty* plainType;
+
+plainType: arrayType | mapType | unionType | nullableType;
+
+// identifier MUST be last, as it captures any other type as well.
+nullableType: (primitiveType | referenceName=identifier) optional=QuestionMark?;
+
+primitiveType: typeName=(Boolean | Int | Long | Float | Double | Bytes | String | Null | Date | Time | Timestamp | LocalTimestamp | UUID)
+    | typeName=Decimal LParen precision=IntegerLiteral ( Comma scale=IntegerLiteral )? RParen;
+
+arrayType: Array LT elementType=fullType GT;
+
+mapType: Map LT valueType=fullType GT;
+
+unionType: Union LBrace types+=fullType (Comma types+=fullType)* RBrace;
+
+jsonValue: jsonObject | jsonArray | jsonLiteral;
+jsonLiteral: literal=(StringLiteral | IntegerLiteral | FloatingPointLiteral | BTrue | BFalse | Null);
+jsonObject: LBrace jsonPairs+=jsonPair (Comma jsonPairs+=jsonPair)* RBrace;
+jsonPair: name=StringLiteral Colon value=jsonValue;
+jsonArray: LBracket (jsonValues+=jsonValue (Comma jsonValues+=jsonValue)*)? RBracket;
+
+
+/**************************************
+**                                   **
+**  Lexer                            **
+**                                   **
+**************************************/
+
+/*
+** Comments
+*/
+
+// Note 1: this might be more efficient using lexer modes, but these cannot be used in a mixed file like this.
+// Note 1: To do so, split this file into 'idl_lexer.g4' and 'idl_parser.g4', and import the tokens with 'options { tokenVocab=idl_lexer; }'
+
+// Note 2: DOC_COMMENT is now a regular token.
+DocComment: '/**' .*? '*/' -> channel(HIDDEN);
+EmptyComment: '/**/' -> skip;
+MultiLineComment: '/*' ~[*] .*? '*/' -> skip;
+SingleLineComment: '//' .*? ('\n' | '\r' '\n'?) -> skip;
+
+/*
+** Whitespace
+*/
+// Should be after the rule(s) for single-line comments, especially if rewritten to use multiple lexer modes
+WS: [ \t\n\r\f] -> skip;
+
+/*
+** Simple tokens
+*/
+Protocol: 'protocol';
+Namespace: 'namespace';
+Import: 'import';
+IDL: 'idl';
+Schema: 'schema';
+Enum: 'enum';
+Fixed: 'fixed';
+Error: 'error';
+Record: 'record';
+Array: 'array';
+Map: 'map';
+Union: 'union';
+Boolean: 'boolean';
+Int: 'int';
+Long: 'long';
+Float: 'float';
+Double: 'double';
+String: 'string';
+Bytes: 'bytes';
+Null: 'null';
+// The boolean values are not named True/False to avoid name conflicts with e.g. Python
+BTrue: 'true';
+BFalse: 'false';
+Decimal: 'decimal';
+Date: 'date';
+Time: 'time_ms';
+Timestamp: 'timestamp_ms';
+LocalTimestamp: 'local_timestamp_ms';
+UUID: 'uuid';
+Void: 'void';
+Oneway: 'oneway';
+Throws: 'throws';
+LParen: '(';
+RParen: ')';
+LBrace: '{';
+RBrace: '}';
+LBracket: '[';
+RBracket: ']';
+Colon: ':';
+Semicolon: ';';
+Comma: ',';
+At: '@';
+Equals: '=';
+Dot: '.';
+Dash: '-';
+QuestionMark: '?';
+LT: '<';
+GT: '>';
+
+/*
+** Complex tokens
+*/
+
+// TODO: restrict to JSON string & number literals?
+
+// We use a reluctant qualifier, so we don't need to forbid the closing quote
+StringLiteral: '"' (~[\\\n\r\b\f\t] | '\\' ([nrbft\\'"] | OctDigit OctDigit? | [0-3] OctDigit OctDigit | 'u' HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit))*? '"';
+//StringLiteral: '"' (~[\\\u0000-\u001F] | '\\' ["\\/nrbft])*? '"';
+
+IntegerLiteral: '-'? ( DecimalLiteral | HexLiteral | OctalLiteral ) [lL]?;
+fragment DecimalLiteral: Digit9 Digit*;
+fragment HexLiteral: '0' [xX] HexDigit+;
+fragment OctalLiteral: '0' OctDigit*;
+
+fragment Digit9: [1-9];
+fragment Digit: '0' | Digit9;
+fragment HexDigit: [0-9a-fA-F];
+fragment OctDigit: [0-7];
+
+FloatingPointLiteral: [+-]? ('NaN' | 'Infinity' | DecimalFloatingPointLiteral | HexadecimalFloatingPointLiteral );
+fragment DecimalFloatingPointLiteral: (Digit+ '.' Digit* | '.' Digit+) DecimalExponent? [fFdD]? | Digit+ (DecimalExponent [fFdD]? | [fFdD]);
+fragment DecimalExponent: [eE] [+\-]? Digit+;
+fragment HexadecimalFloatingPointLiteral: '0' [xX] ( HexDigit+ ('.')? | HexDigit* '.' HexDigit+ ) HexadecimalExponent [fFdD]?;
+fragment HexadecimalExponent: [pP] [+\-]? Digit+;
+
+/**
+ * An identifier token accepts any sequence of unicoode identifiers, optionally surrounded by backticks, separated by dots and/or dashes.
+ * Note that any sequence of identifier parts is an identifier token, even if an identifier part (also) matches an existing keyword.
+ * Also note that this token should *only* be used in the identifier grammar rule above.
+ */
+IdentifierToken: ( '`' IdentifierPart '`' | IdentifierPart)([.-] ( '`' IdentifierPart '`' | IdentifierPart) )*;
+fragment IdentifierPart: [\p{XID_Start}] [\p{XID_Continue}]*;
+// See discussion in AVRO-1022, AVRO-2659, AVRO-3115
+// fragment IdentifierPart: [A-Za-z] [A-Za-z0-9_]*
diff --git a/share/test/data/messageV1/README.md b/share/test/data/messageV1/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0350288ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/messageV1/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+BinaryMessage data in single object encoding https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#single_object_encoding
+
+Ground truth data generated with Java Code
+
+The binary data will be the V1 single object encoding with the schema of
+```
+{
+	"type":"record",
+	"namespace":"org.apache.avro",
+	"name":"TestMessage",
+	"fields":[
+		{
+			"name":"id",
+			"type":"long"
+		},
+		{
+			"name":"name",
+			"type":"string"
+		},
+		{
+			"name":"tags",
+			"type":{
+				"type":"array",
+				"items":"string"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"name":"scores",
+			"type":{
+				"type":"map",
+				"values":"double"
+			}
+		}
+	]
+}
+```
+
+The sample binary message will have the values equal to the json serialized version of the record shown below
+```
+{
+	"id": 42,
+	"name": "Bill",
+	"tags": ["dog_lover", "cat_hater"]
+}
+```
diff --git a/share/test/data/messageV1/test_message.bin b/share/test/data/messageV1/test_message.bin
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..609337eb914
Binary files /dev/null and b/share/test/data/messageV1/test_message.bin differ
diff --git a/share/test/data/messageV1/test_schema.avsc b/share/test/data/messageV1/test_schema.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd49b72a456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/messageV1/test_schema.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+	"type":"record",
+	"namespace":"org.apache.avro",
+	"name":"TestMessage",
+	"fields":[
+		{
+			"name":"id",
+			"type":"long"
+		},
+		{
+			"name":"name",
+			"type":"string"
+		},
+		{
+			"name":"tags",
+			"type":{
+				"type":"array",
+				"items":"string"
+			}
+		}
+	]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/README.md b/share/test/data/schemas/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a5e82b48eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/schemas/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+## commons schemas and data
+
+The objective of this folder is to provide test cases on avro schemas and datas for each SDK.  
+
+Each subfolder is composed of a  :
+- schema.json file, for schema
+- data.avro file that contains some records
+- README.md that briefly explains the tested used case. 
+
+Steps for tests are :
+- read schema (with schema.json file).
+- read data file (data.avro file)
+- Check it can write record in output temp file.
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/simple/README.md b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..133480af4ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Basic record case with only one string field.
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/simple/data.avro b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/data.avro
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..277128e5d47
Binary files /dev/null and b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/data.avro differ
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/simple/schema.json b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f3fd1a4828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/schemas/simple/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "simple",
+  "fields": [{
+    "name": "text",
+    "type": "string"
+  }]
+}
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/README.md b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df501547cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Treats union types. 
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/data.avro b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/data.avro
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe0be880d1f
Binary files /dev/null and b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/data.avro differ
diff --git a/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/schema.json b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d55fd4f9be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/data/schemas/withUnion/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "unionfields",
+  "fields": [{
+      "name": "data1",
+      "type": ["string", "int"]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "data2",
+      "type": [
+        {"type": "record", "name": "inner",  "fields": [{
+          "name": "d1",  "type": ["string", "int", "boolean", "null"]
+        }]
+        },
+        "null"]
+    }]
+}
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/RecordWithRequiredFields.avsc b/share/test/schemas/RecordWithRequiredFields.avsc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2292c58fdfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/test/schemas/RecordWithRequiredFields.avsc
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "type" : "record",
+  "name" : "RecordWithRequiredFields",
+  "namespace" : "org.apache.avro",
+  "fields" : [ {
+    "name" : "strField",
+    "type" : "string"
+  }, {
+    "name" : "unionField",
+    "type" : [ "null", {
+      "type" : "record",
+      "name" : "UnionRecord",
+      "fields" : [ {
+        "name" : "strField",
+        "type" : "string"
+      }, {
+        "name" : "arrayField",
+        "type" : {
+          "type" : "array",
+          "items" : {
+            "type" : "record",
+            "name" : "ArrayRecord",
+            "fields" : [ {
+              "name" : "strField",
+              "type" : "string"
+            }, {
+              "name" : "mapField",
+              "type" : {
+                "type" : "map",
+                "values" : {
+                  "type" : "record",
+                  "name" : "MapRecord",
+                  "fields" : [ {
+                    "name" : "enumField",
+                    "type" : {
+                      "type" : "enum",
+                      "name" : "MapRecordEnum",
+                      "symbols" : [ "A", "B" ],
+                      "default" : "A"
+                    }
+                  }, {
+                    "name" : "strField",
+                    "type" : "string"
+                  } ]
+                }
+              }
+            } ]
+          }
+        }
+      } ]
+    } ]
+  } ]
+}
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/contexts.avdl b/share/test/schemas/contexts.avdl
index 245705f76df..17836c14dab 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/contexts.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/contexts.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/echo.avdl b/share/test/schemas/echo.avdl
index 87058e42935..14558862add 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/echo.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/echo.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/http.avdl b/share/test/schemas/http.avdl
index 67b6a72f4f7..13305444b43 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/http.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/http.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/nestedNullable.avdl b/share/test/schemas/nestedNullable.avdl
index ab2641cdf38..f31ae87571e 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/nestedNullable.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/nestedNullable.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/schemaevolution.avdl b/share/test/schemas/schemaevolution.avdl
index 1d8974d3428..7c77582484d 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/schemaevolution.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/schemaevolution.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/social.avdl b/share/test/schemas/social.avdl
index 329c9a6c930..fce2788dec3 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/social.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/social.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/specialtypes.avdl b/share/test/schemas/specialtypes.avdl
index a1ab7958260..3a4724b673b 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/specialtypes.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/specialtypes.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
diff --git a/share/test/schemas/stringables.avdl b/share/test/schemas/stringables.avdl
index 1214f04c49f..2fb799fdfea 100644
--- a/share/test/schemas/stringables.avdl
+++ b/share/test/schemas/stringables.avdl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/**
+/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information