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<title>Text in Matplotlib Plots — Matplotlib 2.2.3 documentation</title>
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<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Text in Matplotlib Plots</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#basic-text-commands">Basic text commands</a></li>
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<div class="sphx-glr-download-link-note admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Click <a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-tutorials-text-text-intro-py"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a> to download the full example code</p>
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<div class="sphx-glr-example-title section" id="text-in-matplotlib-plots">
<span id="sphx-glr-tutorials-text-text-intro-py"></span><h1>Text in Matplotlib Plots<a class="headerlink" href="#text-in-matplotlib-plots" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Introduction to plotting and working with text in Matplotlib.</p>
<p>Matplotlib has extensive text support, including support for
mathematical expressions, truetype support for raster and
vector outputs, newline separated text with arbitrary
rotations, and unicode support.</p>
<p>Because it embeds fonts directly in output documents, e.g., for postscript
or PDF, what you see on the screen is what you get in the hardcopy.
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.freetype.org/">FreeType</a> support
produces very nice, antialiased fonts, that look good even at small
raster sizes. matplotlib includes its own
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/font_manager_api.html#module-matplotlib.font_manager" title="matplotlib.font_manager"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.font_manager</span></code></a> (thanks to Paul Barrett), which
implements a cross platform, <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">W3C</span></code>
compliant font finding algorithm.</p>
<p>The user has a great deal of control over text properties (font size, font
weight, text location and color, etc.) with sensible defaults set in
the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rc</span> <span class="pre">file</span></code>.
And significantly, for those interested in mathematical
or scientific figures, matplotlib implements a large number of TeX
math symbols and commands, supporting <a class="reference internal" href="mathtext.html#sphx-glr-tutorials-text-mathtext-py"><span class="std std-ref">mathematical expressions</span></a> anywhere in your figure.</p>
<div class="section" id="basic-text-commands">
<h2>Basic text commands<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-text-commands" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following commands are used to create text in the pyplot
interface and the object-oriented API:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="25%" />
<col width="25%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.html#module-matplotlib.pyplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyplot</span></code></a> API</th>
<th class="head">OO API</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.text.html#matplotlib.pyplot.text" title="matplotlib.pyplot.text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.text.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.text" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add text at an arbitrary location of
the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.annotate.html#matplotlib.pyplot.annotate" title="matplotlib.pyplot.annotate"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">annotate</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.annotate.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.annotate" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.annotate"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">annotate</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add an annotation, with an optional
arrow, at an arbitrary location of the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.xlabel.html#matplotlib.pyplot.xlabel" title="matplotlib.pyplot.xlabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xlabel</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_xlabel</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add a label to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a>'s x-axis.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.ylabel.html#matplotlib.pyplot.ylabel" title="matplotlib.pyplot.ylabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ylabel</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_ylabel</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add a label to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a>'s y-axis.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.title.html#matplotlib.pyplot.title" title="matplotlib.pyplot.title"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">title</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_title.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_title" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_title"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_title</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add a title to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Axes</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figtext.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figtext" title="matplotlib.pyplot.figtext"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">figtext</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.text" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add text at an arbitrary location of
the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.suptitle.html#matplotlib.pyplot.suptitle" title="matplotlib.pyplot.suptitle"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">suptitle</span></code></a></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.suptitle" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.suptitle"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">suptitle</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add a title to the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Figure</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>All of these functions create and return a <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/text_api.html#matplotlib.text.Text" title="matplotlib.text.Text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Text</span></code></a> instance, which can be
configured with a variety of font and other properties. The example below
shows all of these commands in action, and more detail is provided in the
sections that follow.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">suptitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bold figure suptitle'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontweight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bold'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">111</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.85</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'axes title'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'xlabel'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ylabel'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'boxed italics text in data coords'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'italic'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bbox</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'facecolor'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'alpha'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'pad'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">'an equation: $E=mc^2$'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">u</span><span class="s1">'unicode: Institut für Festkörperphysik'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.95</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'colored text in axes coords'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">verticalalignment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">horizontalalignment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'right'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">transform</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transAxes</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s1">'o'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">annotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'annotate'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">xytext</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">arrowprops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'black'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_001.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_001.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="labels-for-x-and-y-axis">
<h2>Labels for x- and y-axis<a class="headerlink" href="#labels-for-x-and-y-axis" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Specifying the labels for the x- and y-axis is strightforward, via the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_xlabel</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_ylabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_ylabel</span></code></a> methods.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="n">x1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.linspace.html#numpy.linspace" title="View documentation for numpy.linspace"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html#numpy.cos" title="View documentation for numpy.cos"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cos</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/constants.html#numpy.pi" title="View documentation for numpy.pi"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span></a> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.exp.html#numpy.exp" title="View documentation for numpy.exp"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exp</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Damped oscillation [V]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_002.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_002.png" />
<p>The x- and y-labels are automatically placed so that they clear the x- and
y-ticklabels. Compare the plot below with that above, and note the y-label
is to the left of the one above.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Damped oscillation [V]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_003.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_003.png" />
<p>If you want to move the labels, you can specify the <em>labelpad</em> kyeword
argument, where the value is points (1/72", the same unit used to specify
fontsizes).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Damped oscillation [V]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelpad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_004.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_004.png" />
<p>Or, the labels accept all the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/text_api.html#matplotlib.text.Text" title="matplotlib.text.Text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Text</span></code></a> keyword arguments, including
<em>position</em>, via which we can manually specify the label positions. Here we
put the xlabel to the far left of the axis. Note, that the y-coordinate of
this position has no effect - to adjust the y-position we need to use the
<em>labelpad</em> kwarg.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">position</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1e6</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">horizontalalignment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Damped oscillation [V]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_005.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_005.png" />
<p>All the labelling in this tutorial can be changed by manipulating the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/font_manager_api.html#matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties" title="matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties</span></code></a> method, or by named kwargs to
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel" title="matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_xlabel"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_xlabel</span></code></a></p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.font_manager</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/font_manager_api.html#matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties" title="View documentation for matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties"><span class="n">FontProperties</span></a>
<span class="n">font</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/font_manager_api.html#matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties" title="View documentation for matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties"><span class="n">FontProperties</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_family</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'serif'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Times New Roman'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_style</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'italic'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontweight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bold'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Damped oscillation [V]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontproperties</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">font</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_006.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_006.png" />
<p>Finally, we can use native TeX rendering in all text objects and have
multiple lines:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.cumsum.html#numpy.cumsum" title="View documentation for numpy.cumsum"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cumsum</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y1</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'time [s] </span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1"> This was a long experiment'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">'$\int\ Y^2\ dt\ \ [V^2 s]$'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_007.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_007.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="titles">
<h2>Titles<a class="headerlink" href="#titles" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Subplot titles are set in much the same way as labels, but there is
the <em>loc</em> keyword arguments that can change the position and justification
from the default value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loc=center</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'center'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'right'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loc</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">locs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Title with loc at '</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_008.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_008.png" />
<p>Vertical spacing for titles is controlled via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rcParams[axes.titlepad]</span></code>,
which defaults to 5 points. Setting to a different value moves the title.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Vertically offset title'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_009.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_009.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="ticks-and-ticklabels">
<h2>Ticks and ticklabels<a class="headerlink" href="#ticks-and-ticklabels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Placing ticks and ticklabels is a very tricky aspect of making a figure.
Matplotlib does the best it can automatically, but it also offers a very
flexible framework for determining the choices for tick locations, and
how they are labelled.</p>
<div class="section" id="terminology">
<h3>Terminology<a class="headerlink" href="#terminology" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><em>Axes</em> have an <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axis_api.html#module-matplotlib.axis" title="matplotlib.axis"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.axis</span></code></a> object for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.xaxis</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.yaxis</span></code> that
contain the information about how the labels in the axis are laid out.</p>
<p>The axis API is explained in detail in the documentation to
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/axis_api.html#module-matplotlib.axis" title="matplotlib.axis"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">axis</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>An Axis object has major and minor ticks. The Axis has a
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.xaxis.set_major_locator</span></code> and
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.xaxis.set_minor_locator</span></code> methods that use the data being plotted
to determine
the location of major and minor ticks. There are also
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.xaxis.set_major_formatter</span></code> and
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.xaxis.set_minor_formatters</span></code> methods that format the tick labels.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="simple-ticks">
<h3>Simple ticks<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-ticks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>It often is convenient to simply define the
tick values, and sometimes the tick labels, overriding the default
locators and formatters. This is discouraged because it breaks itneractive
navigation of the plot. It also can reset the axis limits: note that
the second plot has the ticks we asked for, including ones that are
well outside the automatic view limits.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ticks</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">8.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_010.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_010.png" />
<p>We can of course fix this after the fact, but it does highlight a
weakness of hard-coding the ticks. This example also changes the format
of the ticks:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ticks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">8.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># list comprehension to get all tick labels...</span>
<span class="n">tickla</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.2f</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">tick</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tick</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ticks</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ticks</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tickla</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_xlim</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_011.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_011.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="tick-locators-and-formatters">
<h3>Tick Locators and Formatters<a class="headerlink" href="#tick-locators-and-formatters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Instead of making a list of all the tickalbels, we could have
used a <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter</span></code></a> and passed it to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.xaxis</span></code></p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ticks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">8.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># list comprehension to get all tick labels...</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.StrMethodFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.StrMethodFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StrMethodFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{x:1.1f}'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ticks</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_xlim</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_012.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_012.png" />
<p>And of course we could have used a non-default locator to set the
tick locations. Note we still pass in the tick values, but the
x-limit fix used above is <em>not</em> needed.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FormatStrFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.1f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FixedLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FixedLocator"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FixedLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ticks</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_013.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_013.png" />
<p>The default formatter is the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator" title="matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator</span></code></a> called as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ticker.MaxNLocator(self,</span> <span class="pre">nbins='auto',</span> <span class="pre">steps=[1,</span> <span class="pre">2,</span> <span class="pre">2.5,</span> <span class="pre">5,</span> <span class="pre">10])</span></code>
The <em>steps</em> keyword contains a list of multiples that can be used for
tick values. i.e. in this case, 2, 4, 6 would be acceptable ticks,
as would 20, 40, 60 or 0.2, 0.4, 0.6. However, 3, 6, 9 would not be
acceptable because 3 doesn't appear in the list of steps.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nbins=auto</span></code> uses an algorithm to determine how many ticks will
be acceptable based on how long the axis is. The fontsize of the
ticklabel is taken into account, but the length of the tick string
is not (because its not yet known.) In the bottom row, the
ticklabels are quite large, so we set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nbins=4</span></code> to make the
labels fit in the right-hand plot.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">10.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FormatStrFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.1f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MaxNLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nbins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'auto'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">steps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FormatStrFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.5f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.AutoLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.AutoLocator"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AutoLocator</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FormatStrFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.5f</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MaxNLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nbins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_014.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_014.png" />
<p>Finally, we can specify functions for the formatter using
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter" title="matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">formatoddticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pos</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Format odd tick positions</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.2f</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">''</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FuncFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatoddticks</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ticker</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MaxNLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nbins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_015.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_015.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="dateticks">
<h3>Dateticks<a class="headerlink" href="#dateticks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Matplotlib can accept <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime" title="(in Python v3.7)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.datetime64</span></code>
objects as plotting arguments. Dates and times require special
formatting, which can often benefit from manual intervention. In
order to help, dates have spectial Locators and Formatters,
defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/dates_api.html#module-matplotlib.dates" title="matplotlib.dates"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.dates</span></code></a> module.</p>
<p>A simple example is as follows. Note how we have to rotate the
tick labels so that they don't over-run each other.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">base</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">base</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">))]</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rotation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_016.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_016.png" />
<p>Maybe the format of the labels above is acceptable, but the choices is
rather idiosyncratic. We can make the ticks fall on the start of the month
by modifying <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.AutoDateLocator" title="matplotlib.dates.AutoDateLocator"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.dates.AutoDateLocator</span></code></a></p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.dates</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mdates</span>
<span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.AutoDateLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.AutoDateLocator"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AutoDateLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interval_multiples</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rotation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_017.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_017.png" />
<p>However, this changes the tick labels. The easiest fix is to pass a format
to <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter" title="matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter</span></code></a>. Also note that the 29th and the
next month are very close together. We can fix this by using the
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dates.DayLocator</span></code> class, which allows us to specify a list of days of the
month to use. Similar formatters are listed in the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/dates_api.html#module-matplotlib.dates" title="matplotlib.dates"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib.dates</span></code></a> module.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">locator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.DayLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.DayLocator"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DayLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bymonthday</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'%b </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rotation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">70</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_018.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_text_intro_018.png" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="legends-and-annotations">
<h2>Legends and Annotations<a class="headerlink" href="#legends-and-annotations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Legends: <a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/legend_guide.html"><span class="doc">Legend guide</span></a></li>
<li>Annotations: <a class="reference internal" href="annotations.html"><span class="doc">Annotations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
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