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‎Python-Cookbook/.ipynb_checkpoints/14. Test and Debug-checkpoint.ipynb‎

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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"toc": true
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},
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"source": [
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"<h1>Table of Contents<span class=\"tocSkip\"></span></h1>\n",
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"<div class=\"toc\"><ul class=\"toc-item\"><li><span><a href=\"#14.2-在测试单元中给对象打补丁\" data-toc-modified-id=\"14.2-在测试单元中给对象打补丁-1\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">1&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>14.2 在测试单元中给对象打补丁</a></span></li><li><span><a href=\"#14.3-在单元测试中测试是否抛出异常\" data-toc-modified-id=\"14.3-在单元测试中测试是否抛出异常-2\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">2&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>14.3 在单元测试中测试是否抛出异常</a></span></li></ul></div>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"###### 14.2 在测试单元中给对象打补丁\n",
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"你写的单元测试中需要给指定的对象打补丁， 用来断言它们在测试中的期望行为（比如，断言被调用时的参数个数，访问指定的属性等）"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:14:17.408938Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:14:17.405880Z"
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},
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"run_control": {
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"marked": true
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# %load example.py\n",
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"# example.py\n",
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"from urllib.request import urlopen\n",
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"import csv\n",
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"\n",
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"def dowprices():\n",
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" u = urlopen('http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=@^DJI&f=sl1')\n",
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" lines = (line.decode('utf-8') for line in u)\n",
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" rows = (row for row in csv.reader(lines) if len(row) == 2)\n",
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" prices = { name:float(price) for name, price in rows }\n",
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" return prices\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 28,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:46.295780Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:46.292384Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 解决方案: 用 unittest.mock.pathch 装饰器函数\n",
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"import unittest\n",
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"from unittest.mock import patch\n",
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"import io\n",
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"import example\n",
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"\n",
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"sample_data = io.BytesIO(b'''\\\n",
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"\"IBM\",91.1\\r\n",
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"\"AA\",13.25\\r\n",
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"\"MSFT\",27.72\\r\n",
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"\\r\n",
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"''')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 29,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:46.926439Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:46.922066Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"class Tests(unittest.TestCase):\n",
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" @patch('example.urlopen', return_value=sample_data) # 1, 2\n",
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" def test_dowprices(self, mock_urlopen):\n",
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" p = example.dowprices()\n",
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" self.assertTrue(mock_urlopen.called)\n",
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" self.assertEqual(p, {'IBM': 91.1,\n",
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" 'AA': 13.25,\n",
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" 'MSFT': 27.72})"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. 位于 example 模块中的 urlopen() 函数被一个mock对象替代， 该对象会返回一个包含测试数据的 ByteIO(). \n",
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"2. 在打补丁时我们使用了 example.urlopen 来代替 urllib.request.urlopen 。 当你创建补丁的时候，你必须使用它们在测试代码中的名称。 由于测试代码使用了 from urllib.request import urlopen ,那么 dowprices() 函数 中使用的 urlopen() 函数实际上就位于 example 模块了。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 30,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:50.527670Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:50.520727Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stderr",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"test_dowprices (__main__.Tests) ... ok\n",
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"\n",
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"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
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"Ran 1 test in 0.002s\n",
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"\n",
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"OK\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"<unittest.main.TestProgram at 0x7f928c1a7f60>"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 30,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"unittest.main(verbosity=2, exit=False, defaultTest=['Tests'], argv=[''])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"###### 14.3 在单元测试中测试是否抛出异常"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 31,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:54.500929Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:54.496735Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 解决方案: 用 assertRaises 方法.\n",
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"import unittest\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"def parse_int(s):\n",
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" return int(s)\n",
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"\n",
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"class TestConversion(unittest.TestCase):\n",
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" def test_bad_int(self):\n",
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" with self.assertRaises(ValueError):\n",
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" parse_int('N?A')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 32,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:55.197409Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:40:55.188152Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stderr",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"test_bad_int (__main__.TestConversion) ... ok\n",
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"\n",
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"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
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"Ran 1 test in 0.002s\n",
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"\n",
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"OK\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"<unittest.main.TestProgram at 0x7f928c1adcc0>"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 32,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"unittest.main(verbosity=2, exit=False, defaultTest=['TestConversion'], argv=[''])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 33,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:46:06.337060Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:46:06.333064Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 如果你想测试异常的具体值, 那么需要另外一种方法.\n",
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"import errno\n",
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"\n",
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"class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):\n",
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" def test_file_not_found(self):\n",
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" try:\n",
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" f = open('file/not/found')\n",
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" except IOError as e:\n",
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" self.assertEqual(e.errno, errno.ENOENT)\n",
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" else:\n",
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" self.fail('IOError not raised.')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 34,
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"metadata": {
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"ExecuteTime": {
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"end_time": "2020-10-05T07:46:19.960219Z",
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"start_time": "2020-10-05T07:46:19.953290Z"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stderr",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"test_file_not_found (__main__.TestIO) ... ok\n",
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"\n",
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"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
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"Ran 1 test in 0.001s\n",
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"\n",
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"OK\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"<unittest.main.TestProgram at 0x7f928be2b240>"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 34,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"unittest.main(verbosity=2, exit=False, defaultTest=['TestIO'], argv=[''])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.6.7"
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},
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"toc": {
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"base_numbering": 1,
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"nav_menu": {},
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"number_sections": true,
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"sideBar": true,
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"skip_h1_title": true,
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"title_cell": "Table of Contents",
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"title_sidebar": "Contents",
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"toc_cell": true,
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"toc_position": {},
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"toc_section_display": true,
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"toc_window_display": false
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}

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