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youknowoneclaude
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dealloc and finalize_modules (#6934)
* rewrite finalize_modules with phased algorithm Replace the absence of module finalization during interpreter shutdown with a 5-phase algorithm matching pylifecycle.c finalize_modules(): 1. Set special sys attributes to None, restore stdio 2. Set all sys.modules values to None, collect module dicts 3. Clear sys.modules dict 4. Clear module dicts in reverse import order (2-pass _PyModule_ClearDict) 5. Clear sys and builtins dicts last This ensures __del__ methods are called during shutdown and modules are cleaned up in reverse import order without hardcoded module names. * dealloc the rigth way * fix finalize_modules: only clear __main__ dict, mark daemon thread tests as expected failure Without GC, clearing all module dicts during finalization causes __del__ handlers to fail (globals are None). Restrict Phase 4 to only clear __main__ dict — other modules' globals stay intact for their __del__ handlers. Mark test_daemon_threads_shutdown_{stdout,stderr}_deadlock as expected failures — without GC+GIL, finalize_modules clears __main__ globals while daemon threads are still running. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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.cspell.dict/cpython.txt

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@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ pybuilddir
137137
pycore
138138
pydecimal
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Pyfunc
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pylifecycle
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pymain
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pyrepl
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PYTHONTRACEMALLOC

Lib/test/test_builtin.py

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@@ -2330,8 +2330,6 @@ def test_baddecorator(self):
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23312331
class ShutdownTest(unittest.TestCase):
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2333-
# TODO: RUSTPYTHON
2334-
@unittest.expectedFailure
23352333
def test_cleanup(self):
23362334
# Issue #19255: builtins are still available at shutdown
23372335
code = """if 1:

Lib/test/test_io.py

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@@ -4865,11 +4865,13 @@ def run():
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else:
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self.assertFalse(err.strip('.!'))
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4868+
@unittest.expectedFailure # TODO: RUSTPYTHON; without GC+GIL, finalize_modules clears __main__ globals while daemon threads are still running
48684869
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
48694870
@support.requires_resource('walltime')
48704871
def test_daemon_threads_shutdown_stdout_deadlock(self):
48714872
self.check_daemon_threads_shutdown_deadlock('stdout')
48724873

4874+
@unittest.expectedFailure # TODO: RUSTPYTHON; without GC+GIL, finalize_modules clears __main__ globals while daemon threads are still running
48734875
@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
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@support.requires_resource('walltime')
48754877
def test_daemon_threads_shutdown_stderr_deadlock(self):

Lib/test/test_sys.py

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@@ -1172,7 +1172,6 @@ def test_is_gil_enabled(self):
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else:
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self.assertTrue(sys._is_gil_enabled())
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1175-
@unittest.expectedFailure # TODO: RUSTPYTHON; AtExit.__del__ is not invoked because module destruction is missing.
11761175
def test_is_finalizing(self):
11771176
self.assertIs(sys.is_finalizing(), False)
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# Don't use the atexit module because _Py_Finalizing is only set

crates/vm/src/object/core.rs

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@@ -81,8 +81,14 @@ use core::{
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#[derive(Debug)]
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pub(super) struct Erased;
8383

84-
pub(super) unsafe fn drop_dealloc_obj<T: PyPayload>(x: *mut PyObject) {
85-
drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(x as *mut PyInner<T>) });
84+
/// Default dealloc: handles __del__, weakref clearing, and memory free.
85+
/// Equivalent to subtype_dealloc in CPython.
86+
pub(super) unsafe fn default_dealloc<T: PyPayload>(obj: *mut PyObject) {
87+
let obj_ref = unsafe { &*(obj as *const PyObject) };
88+
if let Err(()) = obj_ref.drop_slow_inner() {
89+
return; // resurrected by __del__
90+
}
91+
drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(obj as *mut PyInner<T>) });
8692
}
8793
pub(super) unsafe fn debug_obj<T: PyPayload + core::fmt::Debug>(
8894
x: &PyObject,
@@ -1015,16 +1021,11 @@ impl PyObject {
10151021
Ok(())
10161022
}
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1018-
/// Can only be called when ref_count has dropped to zero. `ptr` must be valid
1024+
/// _Py_Dealloc: dispatch to type's dealloc
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#[inline(never)]
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unsafe fn drop_slow(ptr: NonNull<Self>) {
1021-
if let Err(()) = unsafe { ptr.as_ref().drop_slow_inner() } {
1022-
// abort drop for whatever reason
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return;
1024-
}
1025-
let drop_dealloc = unsafe { ptr.as_ref().0.vtable.drop_dealloc };
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// call drop only when there are no references in scope - stacked borrows stuff
1027-
unsafe { drop_dealloc(ptr.as_ptr()) }
1027+
let dealloc = unsafe { ptr.as_ref().0.vtable.dealloc };
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unsafe { dealloc(ptr.as_ptr()) }
10281029
}
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10301031
/// # Safety

crates/vm/src/object/traverse_object.rs

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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use core::any::TypeId;
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use crate::{
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PyObject,
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object::{
7-
Erased, InstanceDict, MaybeTraverse, PyInner, PyObjectPayload, debug_obj, drop_dealloc_obj,
7+
Erased, InstanceDict, MaybeTraverse, PyInner, PyObjectPayload, debug_obj, default_dealloc,
88
try_traverse_obj,
99
},
1010
};
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ use super::{Traverse, TraverseFn};
1313

1414
pub(in crate::object) struct PyObjVTable {
1515
pub(in crate::object) typeid: TypeId,
16-
pub(in crate::object) drop_dealloc: unsafe fn(*mut PyObject),
16+
/// dealloc: handles __del__, weakref clearing, and memory free.
17+
pub(in crate::object) dealloc: unsafe fn(*mut PyObject),
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pub(in crate::object) debug: unsafe fn(&PyObject, &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result,
1819
pub(in crate::object) trace: Option<unsafe fn(&PyObject, &mut TraverseFn<'_>)>,
1920
}
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ impl PyObjVTable {
2223
pub const fn of<T: PyObjectPayload>() -> &'static Self {
2324
&Self {
2425
typeid: T::PAYLOAD_TYPE_ID,
25-
drop_dealloc: drop_dealloc_obj::<T>,
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dealloc: default_dealloc::<T>,
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debug: debug_obj::<T>,
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trace: const {
2829
if T::HAS_TRAVERSE {

crates/vm/src/vm/interpreter.rs

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@@ -391,6 +391,7 @@ impl Interpreter {
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/// 1. Wait for thread shutdown (call threading._shutdown).
392392
/// 1. Mark vm as finalizing.
393393
/// 1. Run atexit exit functions.
394+
/// 1. Finalize modules (clear module dicts in reverse import order).
394395
/// 1. Mark vm as finalized.
395396
///
396397
/// Note that calling `finalize` is not necessary by purpose though.
@@ -425,6 +426,9 @@ impl Interpreter {
425426
// Run atexit exit functions
426427
atexit::_run_exitfuncs(vm);
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429+
// Finalize modules: clear module dicts in reverse import order
430+
vm.finalize_modules();
431+
428432
vm.flush_std();
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430434
exit_code

crates/vm/src/vm/mod.rs

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::{
2020
AsObject, Py, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyPayload, PyRef, PyResult,
2121
builtins::{
2222
self, PyBaseExceptionRef, PyDict, PyDictRef, PyInt, PyList, PyModule, PyStr, PyStrInterned,
23-
PyStrRef, PyTypeRef,
23+
PyStrRef, PyTypeRef, PyWeak,
2424
code::PyCode,
2525
dict::{PyDictItems, PyDictKeys, PyDictValues},
2626
pystr::AsPyStr,
@@ -621,6 +621,186 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
621621
}
622622
}
623623

624+
/// Clear module references during shutdown.
625+
/// Follows the same phased algorithm as pylifecycle.c finalize_modules():
626+
/// no hardcoded module names, reverse import order, only builtins/sys last.
627+
pub fn finalize_modules(&self) {
628+
// Phase 1: Set special sys/builtins attributes to None, restore stdio
629+
self.finalize_modules_delete_special();
630+
631+
// Phase 2: Remove all modules from sys.modules (set values to None),
632+
// and collect weakrefs to modules preserving import order.
633+
// Also keeps strong refs (module_refs) to prevent premature deallocation.
634+
// CPython uses _PyGC_CollectNoFail() here to collect __globals__ cycles;
635+
// since RustPython has no working GC, we keep modules alive through
636+
// Phase 4 so their dicts can be explicitly cleared.
637+
let (module_weakrefs, module_refs) = self.finalize_remove_modules();
638+
639+
// Phase 3: Clear sys.modules dict
640+
self.finalize_clear_modules_dict();
641+
642+
// Phase 4: Clear module dicts in reverse import order using 2-pass algorithm.
643+
// All modules are still alive (held by module_refs), so all weakrefs are valid.
644+
// This breaks __globals__ cycles: dict entries set to None → functions freed →
645+
// __globals__ refs dropped → dict refcount decreases.
646+
self.finalize_clear_module_dicts(&module_weakrefs);
647+
648+
// Drop strong refs → modules freed with already-cleared dicts.
649+
// No __globals__ cycles remain (broken by Phase 4).
650+
drop(module_refs);
651+
652+
// Phase 5: Clear sys and builtins dicts last
653+
self.finalize_clear_sys_builtins_dict();
654+
}
655+
656+
/// Phase 1: Set special sys attributes to None and restore stdio.
657+
fn finalize_modules_delete_special(&self) {
658+
let none = self.ctx.none();
659+
let sys_dict = self.sys_module.dict();
660+
661+
// Set special sys attributes to None
662+
for attr in &[
663+
"path",
664+
"argv",
665+
"ps1",
666+
"ps2",
667+
"last_exc",
668+
"last_type",
669+
"last_value",
670+
"last_traceback",
671+
"path_importer_cache",
672+
"meta_path",
673+
"path_hooks",
674+
] {
675+
let _ = sys_dict.set_item(*attr, none.clone(), self);
676+
}
677+
678+
// Restore stdin/stdout/stderr from __stdin__/__stdout__/__stderr__
679+
for (std_name, dunder_name) in &[
680+
("stdin", "__stdin__"),
681+
("stdout", "__stdout__"),
682+
("stderr", "__stderr__"),
683+
] {
684+
let restored = sys_dict
685+
.get_item_opt(*dunder_name, self)
686+
.ok()
687+
.flatten()
688+
.unwrap_or_else(|| none.clone());
689+
let _ = sys_dict.set_item(*std_name, restored, self);
690+
}
691+
692+
// builtins._ = None
693+
let _ = self.builtins.dict().set_item("_", none, self);
694+
}
695+
696+
/// Phase 2: Set all sys.modules values to None and collect weakrefs to modules.
697+
/// Returns (weakrefs for Phase 4, strong refs to keep modules alive).
698+
fn finalize_remove_modules(&self) -> (Vec<(String, PyRef<PyWeak>)>, Vec<PyObjectRef>) {
699+
let mut module_weakrefs = Vec::new();
700+
let mut module_refs = Vec::new();
701+
702+
let Ok(modules) = self.sys_module.get_attr(identifier!(self, modules), self) else {
703+
return (module_weakrefs, module_refs);
704+
};
705+
let Some(modules_dict) = modules.downcast_ref::<PyDict>() else {
706+
return (module_weakrefs, module_refs);
707+
};
708+
709+
let none = self.ctx.none();
710+
let items: Vec<_> = modules_dict.into_iter().collect();
711+
712+
for (key, value) in items {
713+
let name = key
714+
.downcast_ref::<PyStr>()
715+
.map(|s| s.as_str().to_owned())
716+
.unwrap_or_default();
717+
718+
// Save weakref and strong ref to module for later clearing
719+
if value.downcast_ref::<PyModule>().is_some() {
720+
if let Ok(weak) = value.downgrade(None, self) {
721+
module_weakrefs.push((name, weak));
722+
}
723+
module_refs.push(value.clone());
724+
}
725+
726+
// Set the value to None in sys.modules
727+
let _ = modules_dict.set_item(&*key, none.clone(), self);
728+
}
729+
730+
(module_weakrefs, module_refs)
731+
}
732+
733+
/// Phase 3: Clear sys.modules dict.
734+
fn finalize_clear_modules_dict(&self) {
735+
if let Ok(modules) = self.sys_module.get_attr(identifier!(self, modules), self)
736+
&& let Some(modules_dict) = modules.downcast_ref::<PyDict>()
737+
{
738+
modules_dict.clear();
739+
}
740+
}
741+
742+
/// Phase 4: Clear module dicts.
743+
/// Without GC, only clear __main__ — other modules' __del__ handlers
744+
/// need their globals intact. CPython can clear ALL module dicts because
745+
/// _PyGC_CollectNoFail() finalizes cycle-participating objects beforehand.
746+
fn finalize_clear_module_dicts(&self, module_weakrefs: &[(String, PyRef<PyWeak>)]) {
747+
for (name, weakref) in module_weakrefs.iter().rev() {
748+
// Only clear __main__ — user objects with __del__ get finalized
749+
// while other modules' globals remain intact for their __del__ handlers.
750+
if name != "__main__" {
751+
continue;
752+
}
753+
754+
let Some(module_obj) = weakref.upgrade() else {
755+
continue;
756+
};
757+
let Some(module) = module_obj.downcast_ref::<PyModule>() else {
758+
continue;
759+
};
760+
761+
Self::module_clear_dict(&module.dict(), self);
762+
}
763+
}
764+
765+
/// 2-pass module dict clearing (_PyModule_ClearDict algorithm).
766+
/// Pass 1: Set names starting with '_' (except __builtins__) to None.
767+
/// Pass 2: Set all remaining names (except __builtins__) to None.
768+
pub(crate) fn module_clear_dict(dict: &Py<PyDict>, vm: &VirtualMachine) {
769+
let none = vm.ctx.none();
770+
771+
// Pass 1: names starting with '_' (except __builtins__)
772+
for (key, value) in dict.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>() {
773+
if vm.is_none(&value) {
774+
continue;
775+
}
776+
if let Some(key_str) = key.downcast_ref::<PyStr>() {
777+
let name = key_str.as_str();
778+
if name.starts_with('_') && name != "__builtins__" && name != "__spec__" {
779+
let _ = dict.set_item(name, none.clone(), vm);
780+
}
781+
}
782+
}
783+
784+
// Pass 2: all remaining (except __builtins__)
785+
for (key, value) in dict.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>() {
786+
if vm.is_none(&value) {
787+
continue;
788+
}
789+
if let Some(key_str) = key.downcast_ref::<PyStr>()
790+
&& key_str.as_str() != "__builtins__"
791+
&& key_str.as_str() != "__spec__"
792+
{
793+
let _ = dict.set_item(key_str.as_str(), none.clone(), vm);
794+
}
795+
}
796+
}
797+
798+
/// Phase 5: Clear sys and builtins dicts last.
799+
fn finalize_clear_sys_builtins_dict(&self) {
800+
Self::module_clear_dict(&self.sys_module.dict(), self);
801+
Self::module_clear_dict(&self.builtins.dict(), self);
802+
}
803+
624804
pub fn current_recursion_depth(&self) -> usize {
625805
self.recursion_depth.get()
626806
}

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