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<declname>T</declname>

<defname>T</defname>

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<type>unsigned</type>

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<defname>TF_MAX_PRIORITY</defname>

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<definition>CachelineAligned&lt;std::atomic&lt;int64_t&gt; &gt; tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::_top[TF_MAX_PRIORITY]</definition>

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<definition>CachelineAligned&lt;std::atomic&lt;int64_t&gt; &gt; tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::_bottom[TF_MAX_PRIORITY]</definition>

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<definition>std::atomic&lt;Array*&gt; tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::_array[TF_MAX_PRIORITY]</definition>

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<definition>std::vector&lt;Array*&gt; tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::_garbage[TF_MAX_PRIORITY]</definition>

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<type></type>

<definition>tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::TaskQueue</definition>

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<name>TaskQueue</name>

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<para>constructs the queue with a given capacity </para> </briefdescription>

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<para>destructs the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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<para>queries the capacity of the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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<type>int64_t</type>

<definition>int64_t tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::capacity</definition>

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<name>capacity</name>

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<definition>TF_FORCE_INLINE void tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::push</definition>

<argsstring>(T item, unsigned priority)</argsstring>

<name>push</name>

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<type>T</type>

<declname>item</declname>

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<type>unsigned</type>

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<para>inserts an item to the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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<para><parameterlist kind="param"><parameteritem>

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<parametername>item</parametername>

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<para>the item to push to the queue </para></parameterdescription>

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<parametername>priority</parametername>

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<parameterdescription>

<para>priority value of the item to push (default = 0)</para></parameterdescription>

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Only the owner thread can insert an item to the queue. The operation can trigger the queue to resize its capacity if more space is required. </para> </detaileddescription>

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<para>pops out an item from the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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<para>Only the owner thread can pop out an item from the queue. The return can be a <computeroutput>nullptr</computeroutput> if this operation failed (empty queue). </para> </detaileddescription>

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<type>TF_FORCE_INLINE T</type>

<definition>TF_FORCE_INLINE T tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::pop</definition>

<argsstring>(unsigned priority)</argsstring>

<name>pop</name>

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<type>unsigned</type>

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Only the owner thread can pop out an item from the queue. The return can be a <computeroutput>nullptr</computeroutput> if this operation failed (empty queue). </para> </detaileddescription>

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<type>T</type>

<definition>T tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::steal</definition>

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<name>steal</name>

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<para>steals an item from the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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<para>Any threads can try to steal an item from the queue. The return can be a <computeroutput>nullptr</computeroutput> if this operation failed (not necessary empty). </para> </detaileddescription>

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<para>steals an item with a specific priority value from the queue </para> </briefdescription>

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Any threads can try to steal an item from the queue. The return can be a <computeroutput>nullptr</computeroutput> if this operation failed (not necessary empty). </para> </detaileddescription>

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<definition>TF_NO_INLINE TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::Array * tf::TaskQueue&lt; T, TF_MAX_PRIORITY &gt;::resize_array</definition>

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<briefdescription>

<para>class to create a lock-free unbounded single-producer multiple-consumer queue </para> </briefdescription>

<detaileddescription>

<para><parameterlist kind="templateparam"><parameteritem>

<parameternamelist>

<parametername>T</parametername>

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<para>data type (must be a pointer type) </para></parameterdescription>

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<parameteritem>

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<parametername>TF_MAX_PRIORITY</parametername>

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<parameterdescription>

<para>maximum level of the priority</para></parameterdescription>

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This class implements the work-stealing queue described in the paper, <ulink url="https://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa/readings/ppopp13.pdf">Correct and Efficient Work-Stealing for Weak Memory Models</ulink>, and extends it to include priority.</para><para>Only the queue owner can perform pop and push operations, while others can steal data from the queue simultaneously. Priority starts from zero (highest priority) to the template value <computeroutput>TF_MAX_PRIORITY-1</computeroutput> (lowest priority). All operations are associated with priority values to indicate the corresponding queues to which an operation is applied.</para><para>The default template value, <computeroutput>TF_MAX_PRIORITY</computeroutput>, is <computeroutput><ref refid="namespacetf_1ac9f4add8f716ed323b0bdbbc1d89346fa26a4b44a837bf97b972628509912b4a5" kindref="member">TaskPriority::MAX</ref></computeroutput> which applies only three priority levels to the task queue.</para><para><programlisting filename=".cpp"><codeline><highlight class="keyword">auto</highlight><highlight class="normal"><sp/>[A,<sp/>B,<sp/>C,<sp/>D,<sp/>E]<sp/>=<sp/>taskflow.<ref refid="classtf_1_1FlowBuilder_1a60d7a666cab71ecfa3010b2efb0d6b57" kindref="member">emplace</ref>(</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>[]<sp/>()<sp/>{<sp/>},</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>[&amp;]<sp/>()<sp/>{<sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/><sp/><sp/><ref refid="cpp/io/basic_ostream" kindref="compound" external="/home/twhuang/Code/taskflow/doxygen/cppreference-doxygen-web.tag.xml">std::cout</ref><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="stringliteral">&quot;Task<sp/>B:<sp/>&quot;</highlight><highlight class="normal"><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/>counter++<sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="charliteral">&apos;\n&apos;</highlight><highlight class="normal">;<sp/><sp/></highlight><highlight class="comment">//<sp/>0</highlight><highlight class="normal"></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>},</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>[&amp;]<sp/>()<sp/>{<sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/><sp/><sp/><ref refid="cpp/io/basic_ostream" kindref="compound" external="/home/twhuang/Code/taskflow/doxygen/cppreference-doxygen-web.tag.xml">std::cout</ref><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="stringliteral">&quot;Task<sp/>C:<sp/>&quot;</highlight><highlight class="normal"><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/>counter++<sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="charliteral">&apos;\n&apos;</highlight><highlight class="normal">;<sp/><sp/></highlight><highlight class="comment">//<sp/>2</highlight><highlight class="normal"></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>},</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>[&amp;]<sp/>()<sp/>{<sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/><sp/><sp/><ref refid="cpp/io/basic_ostream" kindref="compound" external="/home/twhuang/Code/taskflow/doxygen/cppreference-doxygen-web.tag.xml">std::cout</ref><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="stringliteral">&quot;Task<sp/>D:<sp/>&quot;</highlight><highlight class="normal"><sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/>counter++<sp/>&lt;&lt;<sp/></highlight><highlight class="charliteral">&apos;\n&apos;</highlight><highlight class="normal">;<sp/><sp/></highlight><highlight class="comment">//<sp/>1</highlight><highlight class="normal"></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>},</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/>[]<sp/>()<sp/>{<sp/>}</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">);</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">A.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Task_1a8c78c453295a553c1c016e4062da8588" kindref="member">precede</ref>(B,<sp/>C,<sp/>D);<sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">E.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Task_1a331b1b726555072e7c7d10941257f664" kindref="member">succeed</ref>(B,<sp/>C,<sp/>D);</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">B.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Task_1a65ba160c1464b4084f85bd9d3dd41291" kindref="member">priority</ref>(<ref refid="namespacetf_1ac9f4add8f716ed323b0bdbbc1d89346fab89de3b4b81c4facfac906edf29aec8c" kindref="member">tf::TaskPriority::HIGH</ref>);</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">C.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Task_1a65ba160c1464b4084f85bd9d3dd41291" kindref="member">priority</ref>(<ref refid="namespacetf_1ac9f4add8f716ed323b0bdbbc1d89346fa41bc94cbd8eebea13ce0491b2ac11b88" kindref="member">tf::TaskPriority::LOW</ref>);</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">D.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Task_1a65ba160c1464b4084f85bd9d3dd41291" kindref="member">priority</ref>(<ref refid="namespacetf_1ac9f4add8f716ed323b0bdbbc1d89346fa1e23852820b9154316c7c06e2b7ba051" kindref="member">tf::TaskPriority::NORMAL</ref>);</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal"><sp/><sp/></highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">executor.<ref refid="classtf_1_1Executor_1a519777f5783981d534e9e53b99712069" kindref="member">run</ref>(taskflow).wait();</highlight></codeline>

</programlisting></para><para>In the above example, we have a task graph of five tasks, <computeroutput>A</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>B</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>C</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>D</computeroutput>, and <computeroutput>E</computeroutput>, in which <computeroutput>B</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>C</computeroutput>, and <computeroutput>D</computeroutput> can run in simultaneously when <computeroutput>A</computeroutput> finishes. Since we only uses one worker thread in the executor, we can deterministically run <computeroutput>B</computeroutput> first, then <computeroutput>D</computeroutput>, and <computeroutput>C</computeroutput> in order of their priority values. The output is as follows:</para><para><programlisting filename=".shell-session"><codeline><highlight class="normal">Task<sp/>B:<sp/>0</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">Task<sp/>D:<sp/>1</highlight></codeline>

<codeline><highlight class="normal">Task<sp/>C:<sp/>2</highlight></codeline>

</programlisting> </para> </detaileddescription>

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