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TaojunshenColin RobertsonTylerMSFTopbld15TylerMSFT
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8/24/2021 AM Publish (MicrosoftDocs#3733)
* draft * fix code sample (#3676) * fix code sample * acrolinx Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <Tyler.Whitney@microsoft.com> * document clocks * add tai-clock * Address 3269 typo in warning number (#3680) * Fixed typo: evalution --> evaluation * updates * finish draft of new clocks * acrolinx * Fixed typo: evalution --> evaluation * Bulk Fix - Sentence form for all alt text (#3683) * Updated C/C++ workload name The workload for C/C++ development in VS Build Tools 2019 installer is called 'Desktop development with C++'. * Split out docs by version Add VS2017-specific instructions. * Updated C/C++ workload name The workload for C/C++ development in VS Build Tools 2019 installer is called 'Desktop development with C++'. * Split out docs by version Add VS2017-specific instructions. * Add 16.11 Compiler Warnings C5247 and C5248 (MicrosoftDocs#3689) * Add C5247 and C5248 * Fix link typos * Updates per Xiang Fan review * More wordsmithage * More fix per X.F. * Fix inconsistencies in CMake docs (MicrosoftDocs#3692) * Standard format for CMake docs * Fix markdownlint * More cleanup. * Clean up link issue, acrolinx * Fix more broken things * Undo a change * Add documentation for "unspecified" architecture Add documentation regarding "unspecified" architecture such that it provides an option for someone to ensure that no inherited environment is selected. * Update markdownlint.json file for unordered lists (#3694) Block rule that wants * instead of - to prefix unordered lists, since we've standardized on the latter. Merging on my own recognizance as repo admin. * Clean up documentation for "unspecified" architecture * Markdown quality fixes 1 of N * Markdown quality fixes 2 of N * Markdown quality fixes 3 of N * Markdown quality fixes 4 of N * Markdown quality fixes 5 of N * Markdown quality fixes 6 of N * Markdown quality fixes 7 of N * Markdown quality fixes 8 of N * Markdown quality fixes 9 of N * Markdown quality fixes 10 of N * Undo TN038 * Markdown quality fixes 11 of N * Setting PATH allows DUMPBIN to be executed from the system command prompt. There are multiple DUMPBIN.EXE's in the MSVC folder, but they can be executed if the PATH is set correctly. If this is not true, or undesireable per system design constraints, please clarify otherwise. * Call out toolchains and embedded scenarios * Add link to environment setting instructions * Make more readable * Address cpp-docs 3286 Postfix increment, decrement syntax (MicrosoftDocs#3711) * Address cpp-docs issue 3286 * Fix formatting, final example * Add compiler warning C5243, C5249, C5250 (MicrosoftDocs#3710) * Removing linux and non-windows bullet point * Make clear it's not required to meet all conditions Add "or" to final bullet point * PR review edit, Microsoft style for lists * Make the "unspecified" architecture option more general * Add __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ to predefined macros page Noticed __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ was missing from this list. * Add VS version Also note the VS version where __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ was added in. * Add docs on using existing cache without cmake-server * Fix unescaped <chrono> (MicrosoftDocs#3715) Noticed this while doing other changes. Without being in a code block, <chrono> becomes the html element of the same name. * Address issue 3301 * Create and integrate /Zc:lambda article (#3719) * Create and integrate /Zc:lambda article * Fix conformance topic date * First half of C++20 changes * The other half of the /std:c++20 fixes * Fix link * Update cmake-projects-in-visual-studio.md * Remove duplicate line in build TOC * tech review * fixes * Cleanup per review * Update thread-class.md * Update future-functions.md * Update execution.md * Update execution.md * Update execution.md * Update future-functions.md * Update thread-class.md * Update execution.md * Update future-functions.md * Update thread-class.md * updates per tech review and other * added file_clock * Update execution.md * Update future-functions.md * Update thread-class.md * add gps_clock * update metadata * PR review edit, relative links * PR review edit, relative links * PR review edit, relative link * Fixed typo in bit-functions.md * Further typo fix * finished draft for local_t * acrolinx * incorp tech review * update typedef sections * add all related typedefs * fix tables * acrolinx * cleanup * fix links * fix tables * more table cleanup * another fix for tables. error msgs aren't by the error but I think I finally found the issue * one more table fix * typos Co-authored-by: Colin Robertson <corob@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <Tyler.Whitney@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: opbld15 <opbld15@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: Tyler Whitney <TylerMSFT@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: opbld17 <opbld17@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: ystamant <49958001+ystamant@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: opbld16 <opbld16@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: Andrew Shymanel <88244804+ainrd@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Garrett Campbell <86264750+gcampbell-msft@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger6 <prmrgr6@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger12 <prmrgr12@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger14 <prmrgr14@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger16 <prmrgr16@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger15 <prmrgr15@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger7 <prmrgr7@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: PRMerger10 <prmrgr10@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: David Dyck <david.dyck@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Kristine Toliver <ktoliver@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Steve Wishnousky <stwish@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: Sam Freed <sfreed141@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Don Spencer <87099566+v-donspencer@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Beau Braig <86677107+BeauBraig@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Alex Guteniev <gutenev@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Paula Miller <v-paulmi@microsoft.com> Co-authored-by: RibShark <1957489+RibShark@users.noreply.github.com>
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‎docs/standard-library/bit-functions.md‎

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float f = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
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int i = std::bit_cast<int>(f);
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std::cout << "float f = " << std::hex << f
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<< "\nstd::bit_cat<int>(f) = " << std::hex << i << '\n';
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<< "\nstd::bit_cast<int>(f) = " << std::hex << i << '\n';
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return 0;
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}
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```
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```Output
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float f = inf
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std::bit_cat<int>(f) = 7f800000
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std::bit_cast<int>(f) = 7f800000
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```
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### Remarks

‎docs/standard-library/execution.md‎

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---
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description: "Learn more about: &lt;execution&gt;"
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title: "&lt;execution&gt;"
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ms.date: "01/15/2021"
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ms.date: "08/17/2021"
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f1_keywords: ["<execution>", "execution/std::execution", "std::execution"]
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helpviewer_keywords: ["execution header"]
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---
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|[`parallel_unsequenced_policy` Class](parallel-unsequenced-policy-class.md)|Used as a unique type to disambiguate parallel algorithm overloading. Indicates that a parallel algorithm’s execution may be parallelized and vectorized.|
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|[`sequenced_policy` Class](sequenced-policy-class.md)|Used as a unique type to disambiguate parallel algorithm overloading. Specifies that a parallel algorithm’s execution may not be parallelized.|
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### Microsoft Specific
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When `parallel_policy` or `parallel_unsequenced_policy` cause the algorithm to be parallelized, the parallel execution uses Windows Thread Pool; see [Thread Pools](/windows/win32/procthread/thread-pools). The number of concurrent threads is limited to the thread pool default (currently 500). The number of threads concurrently executing on hardware is currently limited by the number of logical processors in the current process's processor group, so it is effectively limited to 64; see [Processor Groups](/windows/win32/procthread/processor-groups). The maximum number of chunks for data partitioning is also currently based on the number of logical processors in the current process's processor group.
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## Requirements
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**Header:** \<execution>
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**Namespace:** stdext
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**Namespace:** std
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## See also
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‎docs/standard-library/future-functions.md‎

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---
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description: "Learn more about: &lt;future&gt; functions"
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title: "&lt;future&gt; functions"
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ms.date: "11/04/2016"
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ms.date: "08/17/2021"
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f1_keywords: ["future/std::async", "future/std::future_category", "future/std::make_error_code", "future/std::make_error_condition", "future/std::swap"]
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ms.assetid: 1e3acc1e-736a-42dc-ade2-b2fe69aa96bc
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helpviewer_keywords: ["std::async [C++]", "std::future_category [C++]", "std::make_error_code [C++]", "std::make_error_condition [C++]", "std::swap [C++]"]
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The pseudo-function `INVOKE` is defined in [\<functional>](../standard-library/functional.md).
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### Microsoft Specific
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When the passed function is executed asynchronously, it is executed on Windows Thread Pool; see [Thread Pools](/windows/win32/procthread/thread-pools). The number of concurrent threads is limited to the thread pool default (currently 500). The number of threads concurrently executing on hardware is currently limited by the number of logical processor in the process's processor group, so it is effectively limited to 64; see [Processor Groups](/windows/win32/procthread/processor-groups).
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## <a name="future_category"></a> future_category
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Returns a reference to the [error_category](../standard-library/error-category-class.md) object that characterizes errors that are associated with `future` objects.

‎docs/standard-library/thread-class.md‎

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---
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description: "Learn more about: thread Class"
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title: "thread Class"
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ms.date: "11/04/2016"
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ms.date: "08/17/2021"
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f1_keywords: ["thread/std::thread", "thread/std::thread::id Class", "thread/std::thread::thread", "thread/std::thread::detach", "thread/std::thread::get_id", "thread/std::thread::hardware_concurrency", "thread/std::thread::join", "thread/std::thread::joinable", "thread/std::thread::native_handle", "thread/std::thread::swap"]
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ms.assetid: df249bc7-ff81-4ff9-a6d6-5e3d9a8f56a1
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helpviewer_keywords: ["std::thread [C++]", "std::thread [C++], thread", "std::thread [C++], detach", "std::thread [C++], get_id", "std::thread [C++], hardware_concurrency", "std::thread [C++], join", "std::thread [C++], joinable", "std::thread [C++], native_handle", "std::thread [C++], swap"]
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An estimate of the number of hardware thread contexts. If the value cannot be computed or is not well defined, this method returns 0.
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### Microsoft Specific
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`hardware_concurrency` is currently defined to return the number of logical processors, which corresponds to the number of hardware threads that can execute simultaneously. It takes into account the number of physical processors, the number of cores in each physical processor, and simultaneous multithreading on each single core.
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However, on systems with more than 64 logical processors this number is capped by the number of logical processor in a single group; see [Processor Groups](/windows/win32/procthread/processor-groups).
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## <a name="id_class"></a> thread::id Class
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Provides a unique identifier for each thread of execution in the process.

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