/*
 *                    BioJava development code
 *
 * This code may be freely distributed and modified under the
 * terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence.  This should
 * be distributed with the code.  If you do not have a copy,
 * see:
 *
 *      http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html
 *
 * Copyright for this code is held jointly by the individual
 * authors.  These should be listed in @author doc comments.
 *
 * For more information on the BioJava project and its aims,
 * or to join the biojava-l mailing list, visit the home page
 * at:
 *
 *      http://www.biojava.org/
 *
 */
package org.biojava.nbio.structure;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.biojava.nbio.structure.align.util.AtomCache;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.io.MMCIFFileReader;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.io.PDBFileReader;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.quaternary.BiologicalAssemblyBuilder;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.quaternary.BiologicalAssemblyTransformation;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.quaternary.io.BioUnitDataProvider;
import org.biojava.nbio.structure.quaternary.io.BioUnitDataProviderFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * A class that provides static access methods for easy lookup of protein structure related components
 *
 * @author Andreas Prlic
 *
 * @since 3.0.5
 */
public class StructureIO {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StructureIO.class);

	private static AtomCache cache ;


	/** Loads a structure based on a name. Supported naming conventions are:
	 *
	 *  * <pre>
		Formal specification for how to specify the <i>name</i>:

		name     := pdbID
		               | pdbID '.' chainID
		               | pdbID '.' range
		               | scopID
		               | biol
		               | pdp
		range         := '('? range (',' range)? ')'?
		               | chainID
		               | chainID '_' resNum '-' resNum
		pdbID         := [0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]{3}
		chainID       := [a-zA-Z0-9]
		scopID        := 'd' pdbID [a-z_][0-9_]
		biol		  := 'BIOL:' pdbID [:]? [0-9]+
		pdp			  := 'PDP:' pdbID[A-Za-z0-9_]+
		resNum        := [-+]?[0-9]+[A-Za-z]?


		Example structures:
		1TIM     	#whole structure - asym unit
		4HHB.C     	#single chain
		4GCR.A_1-83 #one domain, by residue number
		3AA0.A,B    #two chains treated as one structure
		d2bq6a1     #scop domain
		BIOL:1fah   #biological assembly nr 1 for 1fah
		BIOL:1fah:0 #asym unit for 1fah
		BIOL:1fah:1 #biological assembly nr 1 for 1fah
		BIOL:1fah:2 #biological assembly nr 2 for 1fah

		</pre>
	 *
	 * With the additional set of rules:
	 *
	 *  <ul>
	 *  <li>If only a PDB code is provided, the whole structure will be return including ligands, but the first model only (for NMR).
	 *	<li>Chain IDs are case sensitive, PDB ids are not. To specify a particular chain write as: 4hhb.A or 4HHB.A </li>
	 *  <li>To specify a SCOP domain write a scopId e.g. d2bq6a1. Some flexibility can be allowed in SCOP domain names, see {@link #setStrictSCOP(boolean)}</li>
	 *  <li>URLs are accepted as well</li>
	 *  </ul>
	 *
	 * @param name
	 * @return a Structure object, or null if name appears improperly formated (eg too short, etc)
	 * @throws IOException The PDB file cannot be cached due to IO errors
	 * @throws StructureException The name appeared valid but did not correspond to a structure.
	 * 	Also thrown by some submethods upon errors, eg for poorly formatted subranges.
	 */
	public static Structure getStructure(String name) throws IOException, StructureException{

		checkInitAtomCache();

		// delegate this functionality to AtomCache...

		return cache.getStructure(name);

	}


	private static void checkInitAtomCache() {
		if ( cache == null){
			cache = new AtomCache();
		}

	}

	public static void setAtomCache(AtomCache c){
		cache = c;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the first biologicalAssembly that is available for a protein structure. For more documentation on quaternary structures see:
	 * {@link http://www.pdb.org/pdb/101/static101.do?p=education_discussion/Looking-at-Structures/bioassembly_tutorial.html}
	 *
	 *
	 * @param pdbId
	 * @return a Structure object or null if that assembly is not available
	 * @throws StructureException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static Structure getBiologicalAssembly(String pdbId) throws IOException, StructureException{

		return getBiologicalAssembly(pdbId,1);
	}

	/**
	 * By default the getStructure method loads asym units. This access method allows to recreate the quaternary structure for a protein if it is available.
	 *
	 * @param pdbId
	 * @param biolAssemblyNr - the ith biological assembly that is available for a PDB ID (we start counting at 1, 0 represents the asym unit).
	 * @return a Structure object or null if that assembly is not available
	 * @throws StructureException if there is no bioassembly available for given biolAssemblyNr or some other problems encountered while loading it
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static Structure getBiologicalAssembly(String pdbId, int biolAssemblyNr) throws IOException, StructureException {
		checkInitAtomCache();
		return getBiologicalAssembly(pdbId,biolAssemblyNr,StructureIO.cache);
	}
	public static Structure getBiologicalAssembly(String pdbId, int biolAssemblyNr, AtomCache cache) throws StructureException {

		BioUnitDataProvider provider = null;
		try {
			provider = BioUnitDataProviderFactory.getBioUnitDataProvider();
			provider.setAtomCache(cache);
			Structure bio = getBiologicalAssembly(pdbId, biolAssemblyNr,cache,BioUnitDataProviderFactory.getBioUnitDataProvider());
			return bio;
		} finally {
			if(provider != null) {
				//cleanup to avoid memory leaks
				provider.setAsymUnit(null);
				provider.setAtomCache(null);
			}
		}
	}
	public static Structure getBiologicalAssembly(String pdbId, int biolAssemblyNr, AtomCache cache, BioUnitDataProvider provider) throws StructureException {

		pdbId = pdbId.toLowerCase();



		Structure asymUnit = provider.getAsymUnit(pdbId);

		// 0 ... asym unit
		if ( biolAssemblyNr == 0) {
			logger.info("Requested biological assembly 0 for PDB id "+pdbId+", returning asymmetric unit");
			return asymUnit;
		}
		// does it exist?
		if (!asymUnit.getPDBHeader().getBioAssemblies().containsKey(biolAssemblyNr)) {
			throw new StructureException("No biological assembly available for biological assembly nr " + biolAssemblyNr + " of " + pdbId);
		}

		List<BiologicalAssemblyTransformation> transformations =
				asymUnit.getPDBHeader().getBioAssemblies().get(biolAssemblyNr).getTransforms();


		if ( transformations == null || transformations.size() == 0){

			throw new StructureException("Could not load transformations to recreate biological assembly nr " + biolAssemblyNr + " of " + pdbId);
		}
		BiologicalAssemblyBuilder builder = new BiologicalAssemblyBuilder();

		return builder.rebuildQuaternaryStructure(asymUnit, transformations);
	}

	/**
	 * Does the provider PDB ID have a biological assembly?
	 *
	 * @param pdbId
	 * @return flag if one or more biological assemblies are available
	 */
	public static boolean hasBiologicalAssembly(String pdbId){

		pdbId = pdbId.toLowerCase();

		BioUnitDataProvider provider = BioUnitDataProviderFactory.getBioUnitDataProvider();
		checkInitAtomCache();
		provider.setAtomCache(cache);
		return provider.hasBiolAssembly(pdbId);

	}

	public static int getNrBiologicalAssemblies(String pdbId){

		pdbId = pdbId.toLowerCase();

		BioUnitDataProvider provider = BioUnitDataProviderFactory.getBioUnitDataProvider();
		checkInitAtomCache();
		provider.setAtomCache(cache);
		return provider.getNrBiolAssemblies(pdbId);
	}

	private static final String FILE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("file.separator");

	/**
	 * Utility method to set the location where PDB files can be found
	 *
	 * @param pathToPDBFiles
	 */
	public static void setPdbPath(String pathToPDBFiles){

		if ( ! pathToPDBFiles.endsWith(FILE_SEPARATOR))
			pathToPDBFiles += FILE_SEPARATOR;
	}


	public static enum StructureFiletype {
		PDB( (new PDBFileReader()).getExtensions()),
		CIF( new MMCIFFileReader().getExtensions()),
		UNKNOWN(Collections.<String>emptyList());

		private List<String> extensions;
		/**
		 * @param extensions List of supported extensions, including leading period
		 */
		private StructureFiletype(List<String> extensions) {
			this.extensions = extensions;
		}
		/**
		 * @return a list of file extensions associated with this type
		 */
		public List<String> getExtensions() {
			return extensions;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Attempts to guess the type of a structure file based on the extension
	 * @param filename
	 * @return
	 */
	public static StructureFiletype guessFiletype(String filename) {
		String lower = filename.toLowerCase();
		for(StructureFiletype type : StructureFiletype.values()) {
			for(String ext : type.getExtensions()) {
				if(lower.endsWith(ext.toLowerCase())) {
					return type;
				}
			}
		}
		return StructureFiletype.UNKNOWN;
	}
}
