class Student:

university_name = "PES University"

def __init__(self, name, marks):

self.name = name

if not Student.is_valid_mark(marks):

print(f'Warning: Invalid mark {marks} provided for {name}. Setting marks to zero')

self.marks = 0

else:

self.marks = marks

# Class Method: Operates on the class and its class variables

@classmethod

def update_university_name(cls, new_name):

print(f'\n--- Class Method: Updating University Name ---')

print(f'Old Name: "{cls.university_name}" -> New name: "{new_name}"')

cls.university_name = new_name

@staticmethod

def is_valid_mark(mark) -> bool:

return 0 <= mark <= 100

def print_details(self):

mark_status = "Valid" if Student.is_valid_mark(self.marks) else "Invalid"

print(f"Name: {self.name:<15} | Marks: {self.marks:<4} ({mark_status}) | University: {self.university_name}")

print("--- Initial Student Creation ---")

student_a = Student("Alice", 85)

student_b = Student("Shanmukha", 92)

student_c = Student("Mulla", 110)

print('\n--- Phase 1: Details with Initial University Name ---')

student_a.print_details()

student_b.print_details()

student_c.print_details()

Student.update_university_name("Global Institute of Research")

print('\n--- Phase 2: Details with Updated University Name ---')

student_a.print_details()

student_b.print_details()

student_c.print_details()