# coding=utf-8 from __future__ import unicode_literals import logging import os import re import time try: from urllib.parse import urlparse # py3 except: from urlparse import urlparse # py2 import pdfkit import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_template = """ {content} """ class Crawler(object): """ 爬虫基类，所有爬虫都应该继承此类 """ name = None def __init__(self, name, start_url): """ 初始化 :param name: 将要被保存为PDF的文件名称 :param start_url: 爬虫入口URL """ self.name = name self.start_url = start_url self.domain = '{uri.scheme}://{uri.netloc}'.format(uri=urlparse(self.start_url)) @staticmethod def request(url, **kwargs): """ 网络请求,返回response对象 :return: """ response = requests.get(url, **kwargs) return response def parse_menu(self, response): """ 从response中解析出所有目录的URL链接 """ raise NotImplementedError def parse_body(self, response): """ 解析正文,由子类实现 :param response: 爬虫返回的response对象 :return: 返回经过处理的html正文文本 """ raise NotImplementedError def run(self): start = time.time() options = { 'page-size': 'Letter', 'margin-top': '0.75in', 'margin-right': '0.75in', 'margin-bottom': '0.75in', 'margin-left': '0.75in', 'encoding': "UTF-8", 'custom-header': [ ('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip') ], 'cookie': [ ('cookie-name1', 'cookie-value1'), ('cookie-name2', 'cookie-value2'), ], 'outline-depth': 10, } htmls = [] for index, url in enumerate(self.parse_menu(self.request(self.start_url))): html = self.parse_body(self.request(url)) f_name = ".".join([str(index), "html"]) with open(f_name, 'wb') as f: f.write(html) htmls.append(f_name) pdfkit.from_file(htmls, self.name + ".pdf", options=options) for html in htmls: os.remove(html) total_time = time.time() - start print(u"总共耗时：%f 秒" % total_time) class LiaoxuefengPythonCrawler(Crawler): """ 廖雪峰Python3教程 """ def parse_menu(self, response): """ 解析目录结构,获取所有URL目录列表 :param response 爬虫返回的response对象 :return: url生成器 """ soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser") menu_tag = soup.find_all(class_="uk-nav uk-nav-side")[1] for li in menu_tag.find_all("li"): url = li.a.get("href") if not url.startswith("http"): url = "".join([self.domain, url]) # 补全为全路径 yield url def parse_body(self, response): """ 解析正文 :param response: 爬虫返回的response对象 :return: 返回处理后的html文本 """ try: soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser') body = soup.find_all(class_="x-wiki-content")[0] # 加入标题, 居中显示 title = soup.find('h4').get_text() center_tag = soup.new_tag("center") title_tag = soup.new_tag('h1') title_tag.string = title center_tag.insert(1, title_tag) body.insert(1, center_tag) html = str(body) # body中的img标签的src相对路径的改成绝对路径 pattern = "(