# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(n)
#
# Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.
#
# The expression string may contain open ( and closing parentheses ),
# the plus + or minus sign -, non-negative integers and empty spaces .
#
# You may assume that the given expression is always valid.
#
# Some examples:
# "1 + 1" = 2
# " 2-1 + 2 " = 3
# "(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)" = 23
#

try:
    xrange          # Python 2
except NameError:
    xrange = range  # Python 3


class Solution:
    # @param {string} s
    # @return {integer}
    def calculate(self, s):
        operands, operators = [], []
        operand = ""
        for i in reversed(xrange(len(s))):
            if s[i].isdigit():
                operand += s[i]
                if i == 0 or not s[i-1].isdigit():
                    operands.append(int(operand[::-1]))
                    operand = ""
            elif s[i] == ')' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
                operators.append(s[i])
            elif s[i] == '(':
                while operators[-1] != ')':
                    self.compute(operands, operators)
                operators.pop()

        while operators:
            self.compute(operands, operators)

        return operands[-1]

    def compute(self, operands, operators):
        left, right = operands.pop(), operands.pop()
        op = operators.pop()
        if op == '+':
            operands.append(left + right)
        elif op == '-':
            operands.append(left - right)