// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

namespace ProductivityApiTests
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Data.Entity;
    using System.Data.Entity.Core;
    using System.Linq;
    using AdvancedPatternsModel;
    using AllTypeKeysModel;
    using SimpleModel;
    using UnSpecifiedOrderingModel;
    using Xunit;

    /// <summary>
    /// Tests for DbSet.Find.
    /// </summary>
    public class FindTests : FunctionalTestBase
    {
        #region Simple positive cases

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(-666));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(-666));
        }

        private void Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = find(context);

                Assert.Null(product);
                Assert.Equal(0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.NotNull(product);
                Assert.Equal(1, product.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, product).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Act
                var product = (Product)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(product);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation(s => s.Find("Medications"));
        }

        private void Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation(Func<DbSet<Category>, Category> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var category = find(context.Categories);

                Assert.NotNull(category);
                Assert.Equal("Medications", category.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, category).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation((s, k) => s.Find(k));
        }

        private void Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation(Func<DbSet<Whiteboard>, byte[], Whiteboard> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AdvancedPatternsMasterContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var byteKey = new byte[] { 1, 9, 7, 3 };

                // Act
                var whiteBoard = find(context.Whiteboards, byteKey);

                // Assert findings
                Assert.NotNull(whiteBoard);
                Assert.True(StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals(whiteBoard.iD, byteKey));
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, whiteBoard).State);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(2));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(2));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product1 = (Product)find(context);
                var product2 = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.Same(product1, product2);
                Assert.Equal(2, product1.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, product1).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var product = (Product)find(context);

                // Act
                var product2 = (Product)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(product, product2);
                Assert.NotNull(product2);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
                Assert.IsType<FeaturedProduct>(product2);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(s => s.Find("Beverages"));
        }

        private void Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(Func<DbSet<Category>, Category> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var category1 = find(context.Categories);
                var category2 = find(context.Categories);

                Assert.Same(category1, category2);
                Assert.Equal("Beverages", category1.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, category1).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation((s, k) => s.Find(k));
        }

        private void Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(Func<DbSet<Whiteboard>, byte[], Whiteboard> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AdvancedPatternsMasterContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var byteKey = new byte[] { 1, 9, 7, 3 };
                var whiteBoard = find(context.Whiteboards, byteKey);

                // Act
                var whiteBoard2 = find(context.Whiteboards, byteKey);

                // Assert Findings
                Assert.Same(whiteBoard2, whiteBoard);
                Assert.NotNull(whiteBoard2);
                Assert.True(StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals(whiteBoard2.iD, byteKey));
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(-1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(-1));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var notMatchedAddedProduct = new Product
                                                 {
                                                     Id = -2,
                                                     Name = "Yam"
                                                 };
                context.Products.Add(notMatchedAddedProduct);

                var addedProduct = new Product
                                       {
                                           Id = -1,
                                           Name = "Italian Radicals"
                                       };
                context.Products.Add(addedProduct);

                var foundProduct = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.Same(addedProduct, foundProduct);
                Assert.Equal(-1, addedProduct.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Added, GetStateEntry(context, addedProduct).State);
                Assert.Equal(2, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var product = (Product)find(context);

                // This will transform product to being in Added state
                context.Products.Add(product);

                // Act
                var product2 = (Product)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(product, product2);
                Assert.NotNull(product2);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
                Assert.IsType<FeaturedProduct>(product2);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_string_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(s => s.Find("NorthStar Center"));
        }

        private void Find_with_string_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(Func<DbSet<Category>, Category> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var notMatchedAddedCategory = new Category
                                                  {
                                                      Id = "Green Fruit",
                                                  };
                context.Categories.Add(notMatchedAddedCategory);

                var addedCategory = new Category
                                        {
                                            Id = "NorthStar Center"
                                        };
                context.Categories.Add(addedCategory);

                var foundCategory = find(context.Categories);

                Assert.Same(addedCategory, foundCategory);
                Assert.Equal("NorthStar Center", addedCategory.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Added, GetStateEntry(context, addedCategory).State);
                Assert.Equal(2, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_with_binary_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                (s, k) => s.Find(k));
        }

        private void Find_with_binary_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<Whiteboard>, byte[], Whiteboard> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AdvancedPatternsMasterContext())
            {
                // Arrange

                var notMatchedByteKey = new byte[] { 4, 3, 2, 1 };
                var notMatchedWhiteBoard = new Whiteboard
                                               {
                                                   iD = notMatchedByteKey,
                                                   AssetTag = "MSFT-DrWat-1012"
                                               };
                context.Set<Whiteboard>().Add(notMatchedWhiteBoard);

                var byteKey = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
                var whiteBoard = new Whiteboard
                                     {
                                         iD = byteKey,
                                         AssetTag = "AMZN-PacMed-1012"
                                     };
                context.Set<Whiteboard>().Add(whiteBoard);

                // Act
                var foundWhiteBoard = find(context.Whiteboards, byteKey);

                // Assert Findings
                Assert.Same(foundWhiteBoard, whiteBoard);
                Assert.NotNull(foundWhiteBoard);
                Assert.True(StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals(foundWhiteBoard.iD, byteKey));
                Assert.True(
                    StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals(
                        foundWhiteBoard.AssetTag,
                        "AMZN-PacMed-1012"));
                Assert.Equal(2, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Categories.Find("Xiaohe Tomb complex"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Category)).Find("Xiaohe Tomb complex"));
        }

        private void Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var deletedCategory = new Category
                                          {
                                              Id = "Xiaohe Tomb complex"
                                          };
                context.Categories.Add(deletedCategory);
                GetObjectContext(context).AcceptAllChanges();
                context.Categories.Remove(deletedCategory);

                var foundCategory = (Category)find(context);

                Assert.Same(deletedCategory, foundCategory);
                Assert.Equal("Xiaohe Tomb complex", deletedCategory.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Deleted, GetStateEntry(context, deletedCategory).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store()
        {
            Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store_implementation(
                c => c.Products.Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store()
        {
            Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var addedProduct = new Product
                                       {
                                           Id = 1,
                                           Name = "Vegemite"
                                       };
                context.Products.Add(addedProduct);

                var foundProduct = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.Same(addedProduct, foundProduct);
                Assert.Equal(1, addedProduct.Id);
                Assert.Equal("Vegemite", addedProduct.Name);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Added, GetStateEntry(context, addedProduct).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity()
        {
            Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity_implementation(
                c => c.Products.Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity()
        {
            Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var unchangedProduct = context.Products.Find(1);
                var addedProduct = new Product
                                       {
                                           Id = 1,
                                           Name = "Vegemite"
                                       };
                context.Products.Add(addedProduct);

                var foundProduct = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.Same(unchangedProduct, foundProduct);
                Assert.Equal(1, unchangedProduct.Id);
                Assert.Equal(1, addedProduct.Id);
                Assert.Equal("Marmite", unchangedProduct.Name);
                Assert.Equal("Vegemite", addedProduct.Name);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, unchangedProduct).State);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Added, GetStateEntry(context, addedProduct).State);
                Assert.Equal(2, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_even_though_its_key_matches_Added_derived_entity_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_Base_type_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <Product>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_even_though_its_key_matches_Added_derived_entity_Sanity_test
            ()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_Find_Base_type_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <Product>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: false);
        }

        private void Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation<T>(
            bool useNonGeneric, bool useAsync)
            where T : class
        {
            var keyToFind = 7;
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = context.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7);
                var addedProduct = new FeaturedProduct
                                       {
                                           Id = 7,
                                           Name = "Benz",
                                           CategoryId = "Cars"
                                       };
                context.Products.Add(addedProduct);

#if NET40
                var foundProduct = useNonGeneric
                    ? (T)context.Set(typeof(T)).Find(keyToFind)
                    : context.Set<T>().Find(keyToFind);
#else
                var foundProduct = useNonGeneric
                                       ? useAsync
                                             ? (T)context.Set(typeof(T)).FindAsync(keyToFind).Result
                                             : (T)context.Set(typeof(T)).Find(keyToFind)
                                       : useAsync
                                             ? context.Set<T>().FindAsync(keyToFind).Result
                                             : context.Set<T>().Find(keyToFind);
#endif

                Assert.Same(foundProduct, product);
                Assert.NotSame(foundProduct, addedProduct);
                Assert.NotNull(foundProduct);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_on_Derived_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_on_Base_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity<Product>(
                useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_Find_on_Derived_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_Find_on_Base_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity<Product>(
                useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: false);
        }

        private void Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity<T>(
            bool useNonGeneric, bool useAsync)
            where T : class
        {
            var keyToFind = 7;
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var unchangedProduct = context.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7);
                var addedProduct = new Product
                                       {
                                           Id = 7,
                                           Name = "Nutella"
                                       };
                context.Products.Add(addedProduct);

#if NET40
                dynamic foundProduct = useNonGeneric
                    ? context.Set(typeof(T)).Find(keyToFind)
                    : context.Set<T>().Find(keyToFind);
#else
                dynamic foundProduct = useNonGeneric
                                           ? useAsync
                                                 ? context.Set(typeof(T)).FindAsync(keyToFind).Result
                                                 : context.Set(typeof(T)).Find(keyToFind)
                                           : useAsync
                                                 ? context.Set<T>().FindAsync(keyToFind).Result
                                                 : context.Set<T>().Find(keyToFind);
#endif

                Assert.NotNull(foundProduct);
                Assert.Same(unchangedProduct, foundProduct);
                Assert.NotSame(unchangedProduct, addedProduct);
                Assert.Equal("Cadillac", foundProduct.Name);
                Assert.Equal(7, foundProduct.Id);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null()
        {
            Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null_implementation(c => c.Categories.Find(null));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null()
        {
            Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Category)).Find(null));
        }

        private void Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var newCategory = new Category
                                      {
                                          Id = null,
                                          DetailedDescription = "Cakes"
                                      };
                context.Categories.Add(newCategory);

                // Act
                var category = (Category)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(category, newCategory);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type()
        {
            Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type()
        {
            Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = (Product)find(context);

                Assert.NotNull(product);
                Assert.IsType<FeaturedProduct>(product);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
                Assert.Equal(EntityState.Unchanged, GetStateEntry(context, product).State);
                Assert.Equal(1, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array()
        {
            Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(new object[] { null }));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array()
        {
            Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(new object[] { null }));
        }

        private void Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = find(context);

                Assert.Null(product);
                Assert.Equal(0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_store_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_store_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_store_Sanity_test_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<FeaturedProduct>, FeaturedProduct> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Act
                var product = find(context.Set<FeaturedProduct>());

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(product);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<FeaturedProduct>, FeaturedProduct> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var product = find(context.Set<FeaturedProduct>());

                // Act
                var product2 = find(context.Set<FeaturedProduct>());

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(product2, product);
                Assert.NotNull(product2);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_derived_entity_in_added_state_from_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_in_added_state_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.Find(7));
        }

        private void Find_derived_entity_in_added_state_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<FeaturedProduct>, FeaturedProduct> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var newProduct = new FeaturedProduct
                                     {
                                         Id = 7,
                                         Name = "Red Bull",
                                         CategoryId = "Beverages"
                                     };
                context.Products.Add(newProduct);

                // Act
                var product = find(context.Set<FeaturedProduct>());

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(product, newProduct);
                Assert.NotNull(product);
                Assert.Equal(7, product.Id);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call()
        {
            Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call_implementation(
                c => c.Products.Find(-55));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call()
        {
            Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(-55));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var category = new Category
                                   {
                                       Id = "Cakes",
                                       DetailedDescription = "Cakes And Bakes"
                                   };
                context.Categories.Attach(category);

                var product = new Product
                                  {
                                      Id = -55,
                                      Name = "Red Velvet"
                                  };
                category.Products.Add(product);

                // Act
                var foundProduct = (Product)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.Same(foundProduct, product);
                Assert.Equal(foundProduct.Id, -55);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value()
        {
            Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(null));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value()
        {
            Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(null));
        }

        private void Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                var product = find(context);

                Assert.Null(product);
                Assert.Equal(0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

#if !NET40

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(-666).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_if_entity_is_not_found_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(-666).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_on_Base_Set_returns_derived_entity_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation(s => s.FindAsync("Medications").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_store()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_store_implementation((s, k) => s.FindAsync(k).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(2).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(2).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_derived_entity_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(s => s.FindAsync("Beverages").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_entity_from_state_manager_implementation((s, k) => s.FindAsync(k).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(-1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(-1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_int_key_returns_added_derived_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_string_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_string_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(s => s.FindAsync("NorthStar Center").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_with_binary_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_with_binary_key_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                (s, k) => s.FindAsync(k).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(c => c.Categories.FindAsync("Xiaohe Tomb complex").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager()
        {
            Find_returns_Deleted_entity_from_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Category)).FindAsync("Xiaohe Tomb complex").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store()
        {
            Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store_implementation(
                c => c.Products.FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store()
        {
            Find_returns_Added_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_entity_in_store_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity()
        {
            Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity_implementation(
                c => c.Products.FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity()
        {
            Find_returns_Unchanged_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_entity_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(1).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_even_though_its_key_matches_Added_derived_entity_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_Base_type_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <Product>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_FindAsync_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_even_though_its_key_matches_Added_derived_entity_Sanity_test
            ()
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_FindAsync_Base_type_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test(
            
            )
        {
            Find_returns_derived_entity_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_added_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation
                <Product>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_on_Derived_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity(
            
            )
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_on_Base_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity<Product>(
                useNonGeneric: false, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_FindAsync_on_Derived_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity
            ()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity
                <FeaturedProduct>(useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Non_generic_FindAsync_on_Base_set_returns_unchanged_derived_entity_from_state_manager_even_if_key_matches_Added_base_type_entity
            ()
        {
            Find_derived_type_from_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_in_preference_to_Added_base_type_entity<Product>(
                useNonGeneric: true, useAsync: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null()
        {
            Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null_implementation(c => c.Categories.FindAsync(null).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null()
        {
            Find_added_entity_with_string_key_with_default_value_of_null_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Category)).FindAsync(null).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type()
        {
            Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type()
        {
            Find_for_base_type_can_return_derived_type_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array()
        {
            Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(new object[] { null }).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array()
        {
            Find_returns_null_for_null_key_values_in_array_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(new object[] { null }).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_store_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_store_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_on_Derived_Set_a_derived_entity_that_lives_in_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_derived_entity_in_added_state_from_state_manager_Sanity_test()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_in_added_state_from_state_manager_Sanity_test_implementation(s => s.FindAsync(7).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call()
        {
            Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call_implementation(
                c => c.Products.FindAsync(-55).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call()
        {
            Find_an_entity_which_was_just_detected_by_Detect_Changes_in_the_Find_Call_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(-55).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value()
        {
            Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value_implementation(c => c.Products.FindAsync(null).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value()
        {
            Find_treats_null_array_as_single_null_value_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(null).Result);
        }

#endif

        #endregion

        #region Find entity with all supported Key Types

        // Int, string, binary have been covered earlier, so this covers the other valid primitive types
        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_bool_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<BoolKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_float_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<FloatKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), 33.2F);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_decimal_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DecimalKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), 300.5m);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_double_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DoubleKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), 1.7E+3D);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_long_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<LongKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), 4294967296L);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_short_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<ShortKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), (short)32767);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_byte_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<ByteKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), (byte)255);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_Guid_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<GuidKeyEntity>(
                (s, v) => s.Find(v),
                Guid.Parse("F9168C5E-CEB2-4faa-B6BF-329BF39FA1E4"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_TimeSpan_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<TimeSpanKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), new TimeSpan(2, 14, 18));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_DateTime_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DateTimeKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.Find(v), new DateTime(2008, 5, 1, 8, 30, 52));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_entity_with_DateTimeOffset_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DateTimeOffSetKeyEntity>(
                (s, v) => s.Find(v),
                new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2008, 5, 1, 8, 30, 52)));
        }

        private void Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<T>(Func<DbSet<T>, object, object> find, object value)
            where T : class
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Act
                dynamic found = find(context.Set<T>(), value);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(found);
                Assert.True(StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals(found.key, value));
                Assert.Equal(found.Description, typeof(T).Name);
            }
        }

#if !NET40

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_bool_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<BoolKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_float_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<FloatKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, 33.2F);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_decimal_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DecimalKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, 300.5m);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_double_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DoubleKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, 1.7E+3D);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_long_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<LongKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, 4294967296L);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_short_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<ShortKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, (short)32767);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_byte_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<ByteKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, (byte)255);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_Guid_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<GuidKeyEntity>(
                (s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result,
                Guid.Parse("F9168C5E-CEB2-4faa-B6BF-329BF39FA1E4"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_TimeSpan_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<TimeSpanKeyEntity>((s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, new TimeSpan(2, 14, 18));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_DateTime_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DateTimeKeyEntity>(
                (s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result, new DateTime(2008, 5, 1, 8, 30, 52));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_entity_with_DateTimeOffset_key_from_store()
        {
            Find_entity_with_key_from_store_implementation<DateTimeOffSetKeyEntity>(
                (s, v) => s.FindAsync(v).Result,
                new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2008, 5, 1, 8, 30, 52)));
        }

#endif

        #endregion

        #region Composite Keys

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, 4, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).Find(
                    new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, 4,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store_implementation(Func<AllTypeKeysContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Act
                var foundEntity = (CompositeKeyEntity)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).Find(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6"));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var foundEntity = context.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(
                    new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6");

                // Act
                var foundEntity2 = (CompositeKeyEntity)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity2);
                Assert.Same(foundEntity2, foundEntity);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).Find(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6"));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var compositeKeyEntity = new CompositeKeyEntity
                                             {
                                                 intKey = 6,
                                                 binaryKey = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 },
                                                 stringKey = "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6"
                                             };
                context.CompositeKeyEntities.Add(compositeKeyEntity);

                // Act
                var foundEntity = (CompositeKeyEntity)find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity);
                Assert.Same(foundEntity, compositeKeyEntity);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Find(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_store_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, CompositeKeyEntityWithOrderingAnnotations> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                var foundEntity = find(context);

                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity);
                Assert.Equal(3, foundEntity.intKey);
                Assert.Equal("TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3", foundEntity.stringKey);
                Assert.True(new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }.SequenceEqual(foundEntity.binaryKey));
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Find(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }));
        }

        private void
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, CompositeKeyEntityWithOrderingAnnotations> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var foundEntity = find(context);

                // Act
                // The ordering defined in the data annotation is Int, String, Binary
                var foundEntity2 = find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity2);
                Assert.Same(foundEntity2, foundEntity);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_added_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Find(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }));
        }

        private void
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_added_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, CompositeKeyEntityWithOrderingAnnotations> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                var compositeEntity = new CompositeKeyEntityWithOrderingAnnotations
                                          {
                                              intKey = 3,
                                              stringKey = "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                                              binaryKey = new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }
                                          };
                context.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Add(compositeEntity);

                // Act, the ordering defined in the data annotation is Int, String, Binary
                var foundEntity = find(context);

                // Assert
                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity);
                Assert.Same(foundEntity, compositeEntity);
            }
        }

#if !NET40

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, 4, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_store_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).FindAsync(
                    new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, 4,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).FindAsync(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_from_state_manager_Added_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).FindAsync(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 6, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength6").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_store()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_store_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.FindAsync(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_unchanged()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_unchanged_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.FindAsync(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }).Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_added()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_DataMember_Ordering_from_state_manager_added_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.FindAsync(
                    3,
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength3",
                    new byte[] { 230, 231, 232 }).Result);
        }

#endif

        #endregion

        #region Simple negative cases

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(1, 2));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(1, 2));
        }

        private void Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongNumberOfKeyValuesPassed", "keyValues");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_for_zero_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_zero_key_values_implementation(c => c.Products.Find());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_for_zero_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_zero_key_values_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find());
        }

        private void Find_throws_for_zero_key_values_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongNumberOfKeyValuesPassed", "keyValues");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type()
        {
            Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type_implementation(c => c.Products.Find("Cetina, Aragon"));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type()
        {
            Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find("Cetina, Aragon"));
        }

        private void Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                try
                {
                    find(context);
                    Assert.True(false);
                }
                catch (ArgumentException ex)
                {
                    Assert.Equal("keyValues", ex.ParamName);
                    Assert.NotEqual(-1, ex.Message.LastIndexOf("\r\n"));

                    Assert.IsType<EntitySqlException>(ex.InnerException);
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_if_multiple_Added_entities_match_key()
        {
            Find_throws_if_multiple_Added_entities_match_key_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_if_multiple_Added_entities_match_key_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                context.Products.Add(
                    new Product
                        {
                            Id = 1,
                            Name = "Coke"
                        });
                context.Products.Add(
                    new Product
                        {
                            Id = 1,
                            Name = "Pepsi"
                        });
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_MultipleAddedEntitiesFound");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_on_disposed_context()
        {
            Find_throws_on_disposed_context_implementation(c => c.Products.Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_on_disposed_context()
        {
            Find_throws_on_disposed_context_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Product)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_on_disposed_context_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                context.Products.Add(
                    new Product
                        {
                            Id = 1,
                            Name = "Coke"
                        });
                context.Dispose();
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage("DbContext_Disposed");
            }
        }

        private class DummyEntity
        {
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(c => c.Set<DummyEntity>().Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(DummyEntity)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_EntityTypeNotInModel", "DummyEntity");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(c => c.Set<Address>().Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(Address)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(
            Func<AdvancedPatternsMasterContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AdvancedPatternsMasterContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_DbSetUsedWithComplexType", "Address");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store_implementation(c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store_implementation(c => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store_implementation(Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "Materializer_InvalidCastReference",
                    "SimpleModel.Product", "SimpleModel.FeaturedProduct");
                Assert.Equal(0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).Find(1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                context.Products.Find(1);

                // Act
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongEntityTypeFound", "Product", "FeaturedProduct");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(-1));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).Find(-1));
        }

        private void Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
            Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                context.Products.Add(
                    new Product
                        {
                            Id = -1,
                            Name = "Green Jello"
                        });

                // Act
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongEntityTypeFound", "Product", "FeaturedProduct");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Added, c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Unchanged, c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Deleted, c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7));
        }

        private void
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
            (EntityState entityState, Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                // There is a derived Featured Product with Id 7 stored in the DB.
                var product = new Product
                                  {
                                      Id = 7,
                                      Name = "Benz",
                                      CategoryId = "Cars"
                                  };

                switch (entityState)
                {
                    case EntityState.Added:
                        context.Products.Add(product);
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Deleted:
                        context.Products.Attach(product);
                        context.Products.Remove(product);
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Unchanged:
                        context.Products.Attach(product);
                        break;
                    default:
                        Assert.True(false, "Invalid Entity State for this test" + entityState);
                        break;
                }

                // Assert state of entity is as expected
                Assert.True(GetStateEntry(context, product).State == entityState);

                // Act and Assert
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongEntityTypeFound", "Product", "FeaturedProduct");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_entity_lives_in_unchanged_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_added_state_in_state_manager
            ()
        {
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_entity_lives_in_unchanged_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_added_state_in_state_manager_implementation
                (c => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().Find(7));
        }

        private void
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_entity_lives_in_unchanged_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_added_state_in_state_manager_implementation
            (Func<SimpleModelContext, object> find)
        {
            using (var context = new SimpleModelContext())
            {
                // Arrange
                // There is a Featured Product with Id 7 stored in the DB, bring it to the Added state
                var actualProduct = context.Products.Find(7);
                context.Products.Add(actualProduct);

                var product = new Product
                                  {
                                      Id = 7,
                                      Name = "Benz",
                                      CategoryId = "Cars"
                                  };
                context.Set<Product>().Attach(product);

                // Act and Assert
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                    "DbSet_WrongEntityTypeFound", "Product", "FeaturedProduct");
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"),
                findInStateManager: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c =>
                c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).Find(
                    4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 },
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"), findInStateManager: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_already_in_the_state_manager_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"),
                findInStateManager: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_Find_an_entity_already_in_the_state_manager_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c => c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).Find(
                    4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 },
                    "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4"), findInStateManager: true);
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
            Func<AllTypeKeysContext, object> find, bool findInStateManager)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                if (findInStateManager)
                {
                    var actual = context.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(
                        new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, 4,
                        "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4");
                    Assert.NotNull(actual);
                }
                try
                {
                    find(context);
                    Assert.True(false);
                }
                catch (ArgumentException ex)
                {
                    Assert.Equal("keyValues", ex.ParamName);
                    var withNoParam = ex.Message.Substring(0, ex.Message.LastIndexOf("\r\n"));
                    new StringResourceVerifier(
                        new AssemblyResourceLookup(
                            EntityFrameworkAssembly,
                            "System.Data.Entity.Properties.Resources")).
                        VerifyMatch("DbSet_WrongKeyValueType", withNoParam);

                    Assert.IsType<EntitySqlException>(ex.InnerException);
                }

                Assert.Equal(findInStateManager ? 1 : 0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key()
        {
            Find_returns_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_implementation(
                s => s.Find(null, 6, "TheOneWithNullBinaryKey"));
        }

        private void Find_returns_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<CompositeKeyEntity>, CompositeKeyEntity> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                var compositeKeyEntity = new CompositeKeyEntity
                                             {
                                                 intKey = 6,
                                                 binaryKey = null,
                                                 stringKey = "TheOneWithNullBinaryKey"
                                             };
                context.CompositeKeyEntities.Add(compositeKeyEntity);

                var foundEntity = find(context.CompositeKeyEntities);

                Assert.NotNull(foundEntity);
                Assert.Same(foundEntity, compositeKeyEntity);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_returns_null_when_no_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_is_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_when_no_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_is_found_implementation(
                s => s.Find(null, 6, "TheOneWithNullBinaryKey"));
        }

        private void Find_returns_null_when_no_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_is_found_implementation(
            Func<DbSet<CompositeKeyEntity>, CompositeKeyEntity> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                Assert.Null(find(context.CompositeKeyEntities));
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_Wrong_Ordering_defined()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_Wrong_Ordering_defined_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Find(
                    new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, "Composite1", 1));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_Wrong_Ordering_defined_implementation(
            Action<AllTypeKeysContext> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                try
                {
                    // Right ordering is integer, string, binary
                    find(context);
                    Assert.True(false);
                }
                catch (ArgumentException ex)
                {
                    Assert.Equal("keyValues", ex.ParamName);
                    var withNoParam = ex.Message.Substring(0, ex.Message.LastIndexOf("\r\n"));
                    new StringResourceVerifier(
                        new AssemblyResourceLookup(
                            EntityFrameworkAssembly,
                            "System.Data.Entity.Properties.Resources")).
                        VerifyMatch("DbSet_WrongKeyValueType", withNoParam);

                    Assert.IsType<EntitySqlException>(ex.InnerException);
                }

                Assert.Equal(0, GetStateEntries(context).Count());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_No_Ordering_Defined()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_No_Ordering_Defined_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntities.Find(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, 2.3F, 1));
        }

        private void Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_No_Ordering_Defined_implementation(Action<NoOrderingContext> find)
        {
            using (var context = new NoOrderingContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
                    () => find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                        "ModelGeneration_UnableToDetermineKeyOrder",
                        typeof(CompositeKeyEntityWithNoOrdering).ToString());
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Find_composite_entity_by_specifying_some_of_its_keys_in_an_array()
        {
            Find_composite_entity_by_specifying_some_of_its_keys_in_an_array_implementation(
                c => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.Find(
                    new object[] { 2, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength2" }, new byte[] { 220, 221 }));
        }

        private void Find_composite_entity_by_specifying_some_of_its_keys_in_an_array_implementation(Action<AllTypeKeysContext> find)
        {
            using (var context = new AllTypeKeysContext())
            {
                Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(
                    () =>
                    find(context)).ValidateMessage(
                        "DbSet_WrongNumberOfKeyValuesPassed", "keyValues");
            }
        }

#if !NET40

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Products.FindAsync(1, 2).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_wrong_number_of_key_values_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(1, 2).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_for_zero_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_zero_key_values_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Products.FindAsync().Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_for_zero_key_values()
        {
            Find_throws_for_zero_key_values_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync().Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type()
        {
            Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Products.FindAsync("Cetina, Aragon").Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type()
        {
            Find_throws_for_key_values_of_wrong_type_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync("Cetina, Aragon").Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_if_multiple_Added_entities_match_key()
        {
            Find_throws_if_multiple_Added_entities_match_key_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Products.FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_on_disposed_context()
        {
            Find_throws_on_disposed_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Products.FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_on_disposed_context()
        {
            Find_throws_on_disposed_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(Product)).FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set<DummyEntity>().FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(DummyEntity)).FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set<Address>().FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context()
        {
            Find_throws_when_type_is_complex_type_which_is_not_valid_for_current_context_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(Address)).FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_store_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).FindAsync(1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(-1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager()
        {
            Find_throws_if_requested_type_does_not_match_actual_Added_type_in_state_manager_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set(typeof(FeaturedProduct)).FindAsync(-1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store(
            
            )
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Added, c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(7).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_unchanged_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
            ()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Unchanged, c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(7).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
            ()
        {
            Find_derived_entity_when_matching_base_type_lives_in_state_manager_in_added_unchanged_or_deleted_state_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_store
                (EntityState.Deleted, c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(7).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void
            FindAsync_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_entity_lives_in_unchanged_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_added_state_in_state_manager
            ()
        {
            Find_in_derived_set_when_matching_base_type_entity_lives_in_unchanged_and_matching_derived_type_lives_in_added_state_in_state_manager_implementation
                (c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(() => c.Set<FeaturedProduct>().FindAsync(7).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c =>
                ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result),
                findInStateManager: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () =>
                    c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).FindAsync(
                        4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 },
                        "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result), findInStateManager: false);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_already_in_the_state_manager_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c =>
                ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 }, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result),
                findInStateManager: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Non_generic_FindAsync_an_entity_already_in_the_state_manager_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys()
        {
            // The right ordering is binary, int, string
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_with_wrong_order_of_Keys_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.Set(typeof(CompositeKeyEntity)).FindAsync(
                        4, new byte[] { 201, 202, 203, 204 },
                        "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength4").Result), findInStateManager: true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key()
        {
            Find_returns_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_implementation(
                s => s.FindAsync(null, 6, "TheOneWithNullBinaryKey").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_returns_null_when_no_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_is_found()
        {
            Find_returns_null_when_no_added_entity_which_contains_partially_null_composite_key_is_found_implementation(
                s => s.FindAsync(null, 6, "TheOneWithNullBinaryKey").Result);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_Wrong_Ordering_defined()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_Key_Annotations_With_Wrong_Ordering_defined_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.FindAsync(
                        new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, "Composite1", 1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_No_Ordering_Defined()
        {
            Find_an_entity_with_Composite_Key_With_No_Ordering_Defined_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () =>
                    c.CompositeKeyEntities.FindAsync(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, 2.3F, 1).Result));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FindAsync_composite_entity_by_specifying_some_of_its_keys_in_an_array()
        {
            Find_composite_entity_by_specifying_some_of_its_keys_in_an_array_implementation(
                c => ExceptionHelpers.UnwrapAggregateExceptions(
                    () => c.CompositeKeyEntitiesWithOrderingAnnotations.FindAsync(
                        new object[] { 2, "TheOneWithBinaryKeyLength2" }, new byte[] { 220, 221 }).Result));
        }

#endif

        #endregion
    }
}
