/*

** 2001 September 15

**

** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of

** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

**

** May you do good and not evil.

** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.

** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.

**

*************************************************************************

** This is the implementation of the page cache subsystem or "pager".

**

** The pager is used to access a database disk file. It implements

** atomic commit and rollback through the use of a journal file that

** is separate from the database file. The pager also implements file

** locking to prevent two processes from writing the same database

** file simultaneously, or one process from reading the database while

** another is writing.

*/

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO

#include "sqliteInt.h"

#include "wal.h"

/******************* NOTES ON THE DESIGN OF THE PAGER ************************

**

** This comment block describes invariants that hold when using a rollback

** journal. These invariants do not apply for journal_mode=WAL,

** journal_mode=MEMORY, or journal_mode=OFF.

**

** Within this comment block, a page is deemed to have been synced

** automatically as soon as it is written when PRAGMA synchronous=OFF.

** Otherwise, the page is not synced until the xSync method of the VFS

** is called successfully on the file containing the page.

**

** Definition: A page of the database file is said to be "overwriteable" if

** one or more of the following are true about the page:

**

** (a) The original content of the page as it was at the beginning of

** the transaction has been written into the rollback journal and

** synced.

**

** (b) The page was a freelist leaf page at the start of the transaction.

**

** (c) The page number is greater than the largest page that existed in

** the database file at the start of the transaction.

**

** (1) A page of the database file is never overwritten unless one of the

** following are true:

**

** (a) The page and all other pages on the same sector are overwriteable.

**

** (b) The atomic page write optimization is enabled, and the entire

** transaction other than the update of the transaction sequence

** number consists of a single page change.

**

** (2) The content of a page written into the rollback journal exactly matches

** both the content in the database when the rollback journal was written

** and the content in the database at the beginning of the current

** transaction.

**

** (3) Writes to the database file are an integer multiple of the page size

** in length and are aligned on a page boundary.

**

** (4) Reads from the database file are either aligned on a page boundary and

** an integer multiple of the page size in length or are taken from the

** first 100 bytes of the database file.

**

** (5) All writes to the database file are synced prior to the rollback journal

** being deleted, truncated, or zeroed.

**

** (6) If a master journal file is used, then all writes to the database file

** are synced prior to the master journal being deleted.

**

** Definition: Two databases (or the same database at two points it time)

** are said to be "logically equivalent" if they give the same answer to

** all queries. Note in particular the content of freelist leaf

** pages can be changed arbitrarily without affecting the logical equivalence

** of the database.

**

** (7) At any time, if any subset, including the empty set and the total set,

** of the unsynced changes to a rollback journal are removed and the

** journal is rolled back, the resulting database file will be logically

** equivalent to the database file at the beginning of the transaction.

**

** (8) When a transaction is rolled back, the xTruncate method of the VFS

** is called to restore the database file to the same size it was at

** the beginning of the transaction. (In some VFSes, the xTruncate

** method is a no-op, but that does not change the fact the SQLite will

** invoke it.)

**

** (9) Whenever the database file is modified, at least one bit in the range

** of bytes from 24 through 39 inclusive will be changed prior to releasing

** the EXCLUSIVE lock, thus signaling other connections on the same

** database to flush their caches.

**

** (10) The pattern of bits in bytes 24 through 39 shall not repeat in less

** than one billion transactions.

**

** (11) A database file is well-formed at the beginning and at the conclusion

** of every transaction.

**

** (12) An EXCLUSIVE lock is held on the database file when writing to

** the database file.

**

** (13) A SHARED lock is held on the database file while reading any

** content out of the database file.

**

******************************************************************************/

/*

** Macros for troubleshooting. Normally turned off

*/

#if 0

int sqlite3PagerTrace=1; /* True to enable tracing */

#define sqlite3DebugPrintf printf

#define PAGERTRACE(X) if( sqlite3PagerTrace ){ sqlite3DebugPrintf X; }

#else

#define PAGERTRACE(X)

#endif

/*

** The following two macros are used within the PAGERTRACE() macros above

** to print out file-descriptors.

**

** PAGERID() takes a pointer to a Pager struct as its argument. The

** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an sqlite3_file

** struct as its argument.

*/

#define PAGERID(p) ((int)(p->fd))

#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)

/*

** The Pager.eState variable stores the current 'state' of a pager. A

** pager may be in any one of the seven states shown in the following

** state diagram.

**

** OPEN <------+------+

** | | |

** V | |

** +---------> READER-------+ |

** | | |

** | V |

** |<-------WRITER_LOCKED------> ERROR

** | | ^

** | V |

** |<------WRITER_CACHEMOD-------->|

** | | |

** | V |

** |<-------WRITER_DBMOD---------->|

** | | |

** | V |

** +<------WRITER_FINISHED-------->+

**

**

** List of state transitions and the C [function] that performs each:

**

** OPEN -> READER [sqlite3PagerSharedLock]

** READER -> OPEN [pager_unlock]

**

** READER -> WRITER_LOCKED [sqlite3PagerBegin]

** WRITER_LOCKED -> WRITER_CACHEMOD [pager_open_journal]

** WRITER_CACHEMOD -> WRITER_DBMOD [syncJournal]

** WRITER_DBMOD -> WRITER_FINISHED [sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne]

** WRITER_*** -> READER [pager_end_transaction]

**

** WRITER_*** -> ERROR [pager_error]

** ERROR -> OPEN [pager_unlock]

**

**

** OPEN:

**

** The pager starts up in this state. Nothing is guaranteed in this

** state - the file may or may not be locked and the database size is

** unknown. The database may not be read or written.

**

** * No read or write transaction is active.

** * Any lock, or no lock at all, may be held on the database file.

** * The dbSize, dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables may not be trusted.

**

** READER:

**

** In this state all the requirements for reading the database in

** rollback (non-WAL) mode are met. Unless the pager is (or recently

** was) in exclusive-locking mode, a user-level read transaction is

** open. The database size is known in this state.

**

** A connection running with locking_mode=normal enters this state when

** it opens a read-transaction on the database and returns to state

** OPEN after the read-transaction is completed. However a connection

** running in locking_mode=exclusive (including temp databases) remains in

** this state even after the read-transaction is closed. The only way

** a locking_mode=exclusive connection can transition from READER to OPEN

** is via the ERROR state (see below).

**

** * A read transaction may be active (but a write-transaction cannot).

** * A SHARED or greater lock is held on the database file.

** * The dbSize variable may be trusted (even if a user-level read

** transaction is not active). The dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables

** may not be trusted at this point.

** * If the database is a WAL database, then the WAL connection is open.

** * Even if a read-transaction is not open, it is guaranteed that

** there is no hot-journal in the file-system.

**

** WRITER_LOCKED:

**

** The pager moves to this state from READER when a write-transaction

** is first opened on the database. In WRITER_LOCKED state, all locks

** required to start a write-transaction are held, but no actual

** modifications to the cache or database have taken place.

**

** In rollback mode, a RESERVED or (if the transaction was opened with

** BEGIN EXCLUSIVE) EXCLUSIVE lock is obtained on the database file when

** moving to this state, but the journal file is not written to or opened

** to in this state. If the transaction is committed or rolled back while

** in WRITER_LOCKED state, all that is required is to unlock the database

** file.

**

** IN WAL mode, WalBeginWriteTransaction() is called to lock the log file.

** If the connection is running with locking_mode=exclusive, an attempt

** is made to obtain an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file.

**

** * A write transaction is active.

** * If the connection is open in rollback-mode, a RESERVED or greater

** lock is held on the database file.

** * If the connection is open in WAL-mode, a WAL write transaction

** is open (i.e. sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction() has been successfully

** called).

** * The dbSize, dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables are all valid.

** * The contents of the pager cache have not been modified.

** * The journal file may or may not be open.

** * Nothing (not even the first header) has been written to the journal.

**

** WRITER_CACHEMOD:

**

** A pager moves from WRITER_LOCKED state to this state when a page is

** first modified by the upper layer. In rollback mode the journal file

** is opened (if it is not already open) and a header written to the

** start of it. The database file on disk has not been modified.

**

** * A write transaction is active.

** * A RESERVED or greater lock is held on the database file.

** * The journal file is open and the first header has been written

** to it, but the header has not been synced to disk.

** * The contents of the page cache have been modified.

**

** WRITER_DBMOD:

**

** The pager transitions from WRITER_CACHEMOD into WRITER_DBMOD state

** when it modifies the contents of the database file. WAL connections

** never enter this state (since they do not modify the database file,

** just the log file).

**

** * A write transaction is active.

** * An EXCLUSIVE or greater lock is held on the database file.

** * The journal file is open and the first header has been written

** and synced to disk.

** * The contents of the page cache have been modified (and possibly

** written to disk).

**

** WRITER_FINISHED:

**

** It is not possible for a WAL connection to enter this state.

**

** A rollback-mode pager changes to WRITER_FINISHED state from WRITER_DBMOD

** state after the entire transaction has been successfully written into the

** database file. In this state the transaction may be committed simply

** by finalizing the journal file. Once in WRITER_FINISHED state, it is

** not possible to modify the database further. At this point, the upper

** layer must either commit or rollback the transaction.

**

** * A write transaction is active.

** * An EXCLUSIVE or greater lock is held on the database file.

** * All writing and syncing of journal and database data has finished.

** If no error occurred, all that remains is to finalize the journal to

** commit the transaction. If an error did occur, the caller will need

** to rollback the transaction.

**

** ERROR:

**

** The ERROR state is entered when an IO or disk-full error (including

** SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) occurs at a point in the code that makes it

** difficult to be sure that the in-memory pager state (cache contents,

** db size etc.) are consistent with the contents of the file-system.

**

** Temporary pager files may enter the ERROR state, but in-memory pagers

** cannot.

**

** For example, if an IO error occurs while performing a rollback,

** the contents of the page-cache may be left in an inconsistent state.

** At this point it would be dangerous to change back to READER state

** (as usually happens after a rollback). Any subsequent readers might

** report database corruption (due to the inconsistent cache), and if

** they upgrade to writers, they may inadvertently corrupt the database

** file. To avoid this hazard, the pager switches into the ERROR state

** instead of READER following such an error.

**

** Once it has entered the ERROR state, any attempt to use the pager

** to read or write data returns an error. Eventually, once all

** outstanding transactions have been abandoned, the pager is able to

** transition back to OPEN state, discarding the contents of the

** page-cache and any other in-memory state at the same time. Everything

** is reloaded from disk (and, if necessary, hot-journal rollback peformed)

** when a read-transaction is next opened on the pager (transitioning

** the pager into READER state). At that point the system has recovered

** from the error.

**

** Specifically, the pager jumps into the ERROR state if:

**

** 1. An error occurs while attempting a rollback. This happens in

** function sqlite3PagerRollback().

**

** 2. An error occurs while attempting to finalize a journal file

** following a commit in function sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo().

**

** 3. An error occurs while attempting to write to the journal or

** database file in function pagerStress() in order to free up

** memory.

**

** In other cases, the error is returned to the b-tree layer. The b-tree

** layer then attempts a rollback operation. If the error condition

** persists, the pager enters the ERROR state via condition (1) above.

**

** Condition (3) is necessary because it can be triggered by a read-only

** statement executed within a transaction. In this case, if the error

** code were simply returned to the user, the b-tree layer would not

** automatically attempt a rollback, as it assumes that an error in a

** read-only statement cannot leave the pager in an internally inconsistent

** state.

**

** * The Pager.errCode variable is set to something other than SQLITE_OK.

** * There are one or more outstanding references to pages (after the

** last reference is dropped the pager should move back to OPEN state).

** * The pager is not an in-memory pager.

**

**

** Notes:

**

** * A pager is never in WRITER_DBMOD or WRITER_FINISHED state if the

** connection is open in WAL mode. A WAL connection is always in one

** of the first four states.

**

** * Normally, a connection open in exclusive mode is never in PAGER_OPEN

** state. There are two exceptions: immediately after exclusive-mode has

** been turned on (and before any read or write transactions are

** executed), and when the pager is leaving the "error state".

**

** * See also: assert_pager_state().

*/

#define PAGER_OPEN 0

#define PAGER_READER 1

#define PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED 2

#define PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD 3

#define PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD 4

#define PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED 5

#define PAGER_ERROR 6

/*

** The Pager.eLock variable is almost always set to one of the

** following locking-states, according to the lock currently held on

** the database file: NO_LOCK, SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.

** This variable is kept up to date as locks are taken and released by

** the pagerLockDb() and pagerUnlockDb() wrappers.

**

** If the VFS xLock() or xUnlock() returns an error other than SQLITE_BUSY

** (i.e. one of the SQLITE_IOERR subtypes), it is not clear whether or not

** the operation was successful. In these circumstances pagerLockDb() and

** pagerUnlockDb() take a conservative approach - eLock is always updated

** when unlocking the file, and only updated when locking the file if the

** VFS call is successful. This way, the Pager.eLock variable may be set

** to a less exclusive (lower) value than the lock that is actually held

** at the system level, but it is never set to a more exclusive value.

**

** This is usually safe. If an xUnlock fails or appears to fail, there may

** be a few redundant xLock() calls or a lock may be held for longer than

** required, but nothing really goes wrong.

**

** The exception is when the database file is unlocked as the pager moves

** from ERROR to OPEN state. At this point there may be a hot-journal file

** in the file-system that needs to be rolled back (as part of an OPEN->SHARED

** transition, by the same pager or any other). If the call to xUnlock()

** fails at this point and the pager is left holding an EXCLUSIVE lock, this

** can confuse the call to xCheckReservedLock() call made later as part

** of hot-journal detection.

**

** xCheckReservedLock() is defined as returning true "if there is a RESERVED

** lock held by this process or any others". So xCheckReservedLock may

** return true because the caller itself is holding an EXCLUSIVE lock (but

** doesn't know it because of a previous error in xUnlock). If this happens

** a hot-journal may be mistaken for a journal being created by an active

** transaction in another process, causing SQLite to read from the database

** without rolling it back.

**

** To work around this, if a call to xUnlock() fails when unlocking the

** database in the ERROR state, Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK. It

** is only changed back to a real locking state after a successful call

** to xLock(EXCLUSIVE). Also, the code to do the OPEN->SHARED state transition

** omits the check for a hot-journal if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK

** lock. Instead, it assumes a hot-journal exists and obtains an EXCLUSIVE

** lock on the database file before attempting to roll it back. See function

** PagerSharedLock() for more detail.

**

** Pager.eLock may only be set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when the pager is in

** PAGER_OPEN state.

*/

#define UNKNOWN_LOCK (EXCLUSIVE_LOCK+1)

/*

** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one

*/

#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC

# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E) \

if( P->xCodec && P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)==0 ){ E; }

# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) \

if( P->xCodec==0 ){ O=(char*)D; }else \

if( (O=(char*)(P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)))==0 ){ E; }

#else

# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E) /* NO-OP */

# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) O=(char*)D

#endif

/*

** The maximum allowed sector size. 64KiB. If the xSectorsize() method

** returns a value larger than this, then MAX_SECTOR_SIZE is used instead.

** This could conceivably cause corruption following a power failure on

** such a system. This is currently an undocumented limit.

*/

#define MAX_SECTOR_SIZE 0x10000

/*

** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each active

** savepoint and statement transaction in the system. All such structures

** are stored in the Pager.aSavepoint[] array, which is allocated and

** resized using sqlite3Realloc().

**

** When a savepoint is created, the PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset field is

** set to 0. If a journal-header is written into the main journal while

** the savepoint is active, then iHdrOffset is set to the byte offset

** immediately following the last journal record written into the main

** journal before the journal-header. This is required during savepoint

** rollback (see pagerPlaybackSavepoint()).

*/

typedef struct PagerSavepoint PagerSavepoint;

struct PagerSavepoint {

i64 iOffset; /* Starting offset in main journal */

i64 iHdrOffset; /* See above */

Bitvec *pInSavepoint; /* Set of pages in this savepoint */

Pgno nOrig; /* Original number of pages in file */

Pgno iSubRec; /* Index of first record in sub-journal */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL

u32 aWalData[WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA]; /* WAL savepoint context */

#endif

};

/*

** Bits of the Pager.doNotSpill flag. See further description below.

*/

#define SPILLFLAG_OFF 0x01 /* Never spill cache. Set via pragma */

#define SPILLFLAG_ROLLBACK 0x02 /* Current rolling back, so do not spill */

#define SPILLFLAG_NOSYNC 0x04 /* Spill is ok, but do not sync */

/*

** An open page cache is an instance of struct Pager. A description of

** some of the more important member variables follows:

**

** eState

**

** The current 'state' of the pager object. See the comment and state

** diagram above for a description of the pager state.

**

** eLock

**

** For a real on-disk database, the current lock held on the database file -

** NO_LOCK, SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.

**

** For a temporary or in-memory database (neither of which require any

** locks), this variable is always set to EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. Since such

** databases always have Pager.exclusiveMode==1, this tricks the pager

** logic into thinking that it already has all the locks it will ever

** need (and no reason to release them).

**

** In some (obscure) circumstances, this variable may also be set to

** UNKNOWN_LOCK. See the comment above the #define of UNKNOWN_LOCK for

** details.

**

** changeCountDone

**

** This boolean variable is used to make sure that the change-counter

** (the 4-byte header field at byte offset 24 of the database file) is

** not updated more often than necessary.

**

** It is set to true when the change-counter field is updated, which

** can only happen if an exclusive lock is held on the database file.

** It is cleared (set to false) whenever an exclusive lock is

** relinquished on the database file. Each time a transaction is committed,

** The changeCountDone flag is inspected. If it is true, the work of

** updating the change-counter is omitted for the current transaction.

**

** This mechanism means that when running in exclusive mode, a connection

** need only update the change-counter once, for the first transaction

** committed.

**

** setMaster

**

** When PagerCommitPhaseOne() is called to commit a transaction, it may

** (or may not) specify a master-journal name to be written into the

** journal file before it is synced to disk.

**

** Whether or not a journal file contains a master-journal pointer affects

** the way in which the journal file is finalized after the transaction is

** committed or rolled back when running in "journal_mode=PERSIST" mode.

** If a journal file does not contain a master-journal pointer, it is

** finalized by overwriting the first journal header with zeroes. If

** it does contain a master-journal pointer the journal file is finalized

** by truncating it to zero bytes, just as if the connection were

** running in "journal_mode=truncate" mode.

**

** Journal files that contain master journal pointers cannot be finalized

** simply by overwriting the first journal-header with zeroes, as the

** master journal pointer could interfere with hot-journal rollback of any

** subsequently interrupted transaction that reuses the journal file.

**

** The flag is cleared as soon as the journal file is finalized (either

** by PagerCommitPhaseTwo or PagerRollback). If an IO error prevents the

** journal file from being successfully finalized, the setMaster flag

** is cleared anyway (and the pager will move to ERROR state).

**

** doNotSpill

**

** This variables control the behavior of cache-spills (calls made by

** the pcache module to the pagerStress() routine to write cached data

** to the file-system in order to free up memory).

**

** When bits SPILLFLAG_OFF or SPILLFLAG_ROLLBACK of doNotSpill are set,

** writing to the database from pagerStress() is disabled altogether.

** The SPILLFLAG_ROLLBACK case is done in a very obscure case that

** comes up during savepoint rollback that requires the pcache module

** to allocate a new page to prevent the journal file from being written

** while it is being traversed by code in pager_playback(). The SPILLFLAG_OFF

** case is a user preference.

**

** If the SPILLFLAG_NOSYNC bit is set, writing to the database from

** pagerStress() is permitted, but syncing the journal file is not.

** This flag is set by sqlite3PagerWrite() when the file-system sector-size

** is larger than the database page-size in order to prevent a journal sync

** from happening in between the journalling of two pages on the same sector.

**

** subjInMemory

**

** This is a boolean variable. If true, then any required sub-journal

** is opened as an in-memory journal file. If false, then in-memory

** sub-journals are only used for in-memory pager files.

**

** This variable is updated by the upper layer each time a new

** write-transaction is opened.

**

** dbSize, dbOrigSize, dbFileSize

**

** Variable dbSize is set to the number of pages in the database file.

** It is valid in PAGER_READER and higher states (all states except for

** OPEN and ERROR).

**

** dbSize is set based on the size of the database file, which may be

** larger than the size of the database (the value stored at offset

** 28 of the database header by the btree). If the size of the file

** is not an integer multiple of the page-size, the value stored in

** dbSize is rounded down (i.e. a 5KB file with 2K page-size has dbSize==2).

** Except, any file that is greater than 0 bytes in size is considered

** to have at least one page. (i.e. a 1KB file with 2K page-size leads

** to dbSize==1).

**

** During a write-transaction, if pages with page-numbers greater than

** dbSize are modified in the cache, dbSize is updated accordingly.

** Similarly, if the database is truncated using PagerTruncateImage(),

** dbSize is updated.

**

** Variables dbOrigSize and dbFileSize are valid in states

** PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED and higher. dbOrigSize is a copy of the dbSize

** variable at the start of the transaction. It is used during rollback,

** and to determine whether or not pages need to be journalled before

** being modified.

**

** Throughout a write-transaction, dbFileSize contains the size of

** the file on disk in pages. It is set to a copy of dbSize when the

** write-transaction is first opened, and updated when VFS calls are made

** to write or truncate the database file on disk.

**

** The only reason the dbFileSize variable is required is to suppress

** unnecessary calls to xTruncate() after committing a transaction. If,

** when a transaction is committed, the dbFileSize variable indicates

** that the database file is larger than the database image (Pager.dbSize),

** pager_truncate() is called. The pager_truncate() call uses xFilesize()

** to measure the database file on disk, and then truncates it if required.

** dbFileSize is not used when rolling back a transaction. In this case

** pager_truncate() is called unconditionally (which means there may be

** a call to xFilesize() that is not strictly required). In either case,

** pager_truncate() may cause the file to become smaller or larger.

**

** dbHintSize

**

** The dbHintSize variable is used to limit the number of calls made to

** the VFS xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method.

**

** dbHintSize is set to a copy of the dbSize variable when a

** write-transaction is opened (at the same time as dbFileSize and

** dbOrigSize). If the xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method is called,

** dbHintSize is increased to the number of pages that correspond to the

** size-hint passed to the method call. See pager_write_pagelist() for

** details.

**

** errCode

**

** The Pager.errCode variable is only ever used in PAGER_ERROR state. It

** is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode

** is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX

** sub-codes.

*/

struct Pager {

sqlite3_vfs *pVfs; /* OS functions to use for IO */

u8 exclusiveMode; /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */

u8 journalMode; /* One of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */

u8 useJournal; /* Use a rollback journal on this file */

u8 noSync; /* Do not sync the journal if true */

u8 fullSync; /* Do extra syncs of the journal for robustness */

u8 extraSync; /* sync directory after journal delete */

u8 ckptSyncFlags; /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for checkpoint */

u8 walSyncFlags; /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for wal writes */

u8 syncFlags; /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL otherwise */

u8 tempFile; /* zFilename is a temporary or immutable file */

u8 noLock; /* Do not lock (except in WAL mode) */

u8 readOnly; /* True for a read-only database */

u8 memDb; /* True to inhibit all file I/O */

/**************************************************************************

** The following block contains those class members that change during

** routine operation. Class members not in this block are either fixed

** when the pager is first created or else only change when there is a

** significant mode change (such as changing the page_size, locking_mode,

** or the journal_mode). From another view, these class members describe

** the "state" of the pager, while other class members describe the

** "configuration" of the pager.

*/

u8 eState; /* Pager state (OPEN, READER, WRITER_LOCKED..) */

u8 eLock; /* Current lock held on database file */

u8 changeCountDone; /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */

u8 setMaster; /* True if a m-j name has been written to jrnl */

u8 doNotSpill; /* Do not spill the cache when non-zero */

u8 subjInMemory; /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */

u8 bUseFetch; /* True to use xFetch() */

u8 hasHeldSharedLock; /* True if a shared lock has ever been held */

Pgno dbSize; /* Number of pages in the database */

Pgno dbOrigSize; /* dbSize before the current transaction */

Pgno dbFileSize; /* Number of pages in the database file */

Pgno dbHintSize; /* Value passed to FCNTL_SIZE_HINT call */

int errCode; /* One of several kinds of errors */

int nRec; /* Pages journalled since last j-header written */

u32 cksumInit; /* Quasi-random value added to every checksum */

u32 nSubRec; /* Number of records written to sub-journal */

Bitvec *pInJournal; /* One bit for each page in the database file */

sqlite3_file *fd; /* File descriptor for database */

sqlite3_file *jfd; /* File descriptor for main journal */

sqlite3_file *sjfd; /* File descriptor for sub-journal */

i64 journalOff; /* Current write offset in the journal file */

i64 journalHdr; /* Byte offset to previous journal header */

sqlite3_backup *pBackup; /* Pointer to list of ongoing backup processes */

PagerSavepoint *aSavepoint; /* Array of active savepoints */

int nSavepoint; /* Number of elements in aSavepoint[] */

u32 iDataVersion; /* Changes whenever database content changes */

char dbFileVers[16]; /* Changes whenever database file changes */

int nMmapOut; /* Number of mmap pages currently outstanding */

sqlite3_int64 szMmap; /* Desired maximum mmap size */

PgHdr *pMmapFreelist; /* List of free mmap page headers (pDirty) */

/*

** End of the routinely-changing class members

***************************************************************************/

u16 nExtra; /* Add this many bytes to each in-memory page */

i16 nReserve; /* Number of unused bytes at end of each page */

u32 vfsFlags; /* Flags for sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */

u32 sectorSize; /* Assumed sector size during rollback */

int pageSize; /* Number of bytes in a page */

Pgno mxPgno; /* Maximum allowed size of the database */

i64 journalSizeLimit; /* Size limit for persistent journal files */

char *zFilename; /* Name of the database file */

char *zJournal; /* Name of the journal file */

int (*xBusyHandler)(void*); /* Function to call when busy */

void *pBusyHandlerArg; /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */

int aStat[3]; /* Total cache hits, misses and writes */

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST

int nRead; /* Database pages read */

#endif

void (*xReiniter)(DbPage*); /* Call this routine when reloading pages */

int (*xGet)(Pager*,Pgno,DbPage**,int); /* Routine to fetch a patch */

#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC

void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int); /* Routine for en/decoding data */

void (*xCodecSizeChng)(void*,int,int); /* Notify of page size changes */

void (*xCodecFree)(void*); /* Destructor for the codec */

void *pCodec; /* First argument to xCodec... methods */

#endif

char *pTmpSpace; /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */

PCache *pPCache; /* Pointer to page cache object */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL

Wal *pWal; /* Write-ahead log used by "journal_mode=wal" */

char *zWal; /* File name for write-ahead log */

#endif

};

/*

** Indexes for use with Pager.aStat[]. The Pager.aStat[] array contains

** the values accessed by passing SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, CACHE_MISS

** or CACHE_WRITE to sqlite3_db_status().

*/

#define PAGER_STAT_HIT 0

#define PAGER_STAT_MISS 1

#define PAGER_STAT_WRITE 2

/*

** The following global variables hold counters used for

** testing purposes only. These variables do not exist in

** a non-testing build. These variables are not thread-safe.

*/

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST

int sqlite3_pager_readdb_count = 0; /* Number of full pages read from DB */

int sqlite3_pager_writedb_count = 0; /* Number of full pages written to DB */

int sqlite3_pager_writej_count = 0; /* Number of pages written to journal */

# define PAGER_INCR(v) v++

#else

# define PAGER_INCR(v)

#endif

/*

** Journal files begin with the following magic string. The data

** was obtained from /dev/random. It is used only as a sanity check.

**

** Since version 2.8.0, the journal format contains additional sanity

** checking information. If the power fails while the journal is being

** written, semi-random garbage data might appear in the journal

** file after power is restored. If an attempt is then made

** to roll the journal back, the database could be corrupted. The additional

** sanity checking data is an attempt to discover the garbage in the

** journal and ignore it.

**

** The sanity checking information for the new journal format consists

** of a 32-bit checksum on each page of data. The checksum covers both

** the page number and the pPager->pageSize bytes of data for the page.

** This cksum is initialized to a 32-bit random value that appears in the

** journal file right after the header. The random initializer is important,

** because garbage data that appears at the end of a journal is likely

** data that was once in other files that have now been deleted. If the

** garbage data came from an obsolete journal file, the checksums might

** be correct. But by initializing the checksum to random value which

** is different for every journal, we minimize that risk.

*/

static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {

0xd9, 0xd5, 0x05, 0xf9, 0x20, 0xa1, 0x63, 0xd7,

};

/*

** The size of the of each page record in the journal is given by

** the following macro.

*/

#define JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager) ((pPager->pageSize) + 8)

/*

** The journal header size for this pager. This is usually the same

** size as a single disk sector. See also setSectorSize().

*/

#define JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) (pPager->sectorSize)

/*

** The macro MEMDB is true if we are dealing with an in-memory database.

** We do this as a macro so that if the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB macro is set,

** the value of MEMDB will be a constant and the compiler will optimize

** out code that would never execute.

*/

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB

# define MEMDB 0

#else

# define MEMDB pPager->memDb

#endif

/*

** The macro USEFETCH is true if we are allowed to use the xFetch and xUnfetch

** interfaces to access the database using memory-mapped I/O.

*/

#if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0

# define USEFETCH(x) ((x)->bUseFetch)

#else

# define USEFETCH(x) 0

#endif

/*

** The maximum legal page number is (2^31 - 1).

*/

#define PAGER_MAX_PGNO 2147483647

/*

** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).

** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.

**

** This is so that expressions can be written as:

**

** if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...

**

** instead of

**

** if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...

*/

#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods!=0)

/*

** Return true if this pager uses a write-ahead log to read page pgno.

** Return false if the pager reads pgno directly from the database.

*/

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) && defined(SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ)

int sqlite3PagerUseWal(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){

u32 iRead = 0;

int rc;

if( pPager->pWal==0 ) return 0;

rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);

return rc || iRead;

}

#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL

# define pagerUseWal(x) ((x)->pWal!=0)

#else

# define pagerUseWal(x) 0

# define pagerRollbackWal(x) 0

# define pagerWalFrames(v,w,x,y) 0

# define pagerOpenWalIfPresent(z) SQLITE_OK

# define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK

#endif

#ifndef NDEBUG

/*

** Usage:

**

** assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );

**

** This function runs many asserts to try to find inconsistencies in

** the internal state of the Pager object.

*/

static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){

Pager *pPager = p;

/* State must be valid. */

assert( p->eState==PAGER_OPEN

|| p->eState==PAGER_READER

|| p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED

|| p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD

|| p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD

|| p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED

|| p->eState==PAGER_ERROR

);

/* Regardless of the current state, a temp-file connection always behaves

** as if it has an exclusive lock on the database file. It never updates

** the change-counter field, so the changeCountDone flag is always set.

*/

assert( p->tempFile==0 || p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );

assert( p->tempFile==0 || pPager->changeCountDone );

/* If the useJournal flag is clear, the journal-mode must be "OFF".

** And if the journal-mode is "OFF", the journal file must not be open.

*/

assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || p->useJournal );

assert( p->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || !isOpen(p->jfd) );

/* Check that MEMDB implies noSync. And an in-memory journal. Since

** this means an in-memory pager performs no IO at all, it cannot encounter

** either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_FULL during rollback or while finalizing

** a journal file. (although the in-memory journal implementation may

** return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM while the journal file is being written). It

** is therefore not possible for an in-memory pager to enter the ERROR

** state.

*/

if( MEMDB ){

assert( !isOpen(p->fd) );

assert( p->noSync );

assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY

);

assert( p->eState!=PAGER_ERROR && p->eState!=PAGER_OPEN );

assert( pagerUseWal(p)==0 );

}

/* If changeCountDone is set, a RESERVED lock or greater must be held

** on the file.

*/

assert( pPager->changeCountDone==0 || pPager->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );

assert( p->eLock!=PENDING_LOCK );

switch( p->eState ){

case PAGER_OPEN:

assert( !MEMDB );

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 || pPager->tempFile );

break;

case PAGER_READER:

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );

assert( p->eLock>=SHARED_LOCK );

break;

case PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED:

assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){

assert( p->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );

}

assert( pPager->dbSize==pPager->dbOrigSize );

assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );

assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbHintSize );

assert( pPager->setMaster==0 );

break;

case PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD:

assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){

/* It is possible that if journal_mode=wal here that neither the

** journal file nor the WAL file are open. This happens during

** a rollback transaction that switches from journal_mode=off

** to journal_mode=wal.

*/

assert( p->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );

assert( isOpen(p->jfd)

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL

);

}

assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );

assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbHintSize );

break;

case PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD:

assert( p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );

assert( p->eLock>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );

assert( isOpen(p->jfd)

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL

);

assert( pPager->dbOrigSize<=pPager->dbHintSize );

break;

case PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED:

assert( p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );

assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );

assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );

assert( isOpen(p->jfd)

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF

|| p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL

);

break;

case PAGER_ERROR:

/* There must be at least one outstanding reference to the pager if

** in ERROR state. Otherwise the pager should have already dropped

** back to OPEN state.

*/

assert( pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_OK );

assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)>0 || pPager->tempFile );

break;

}

return 1;

}

#endif /* ifndef NDEBUG */

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

/*

** Return a pointer to a human readable string in a static buffer

** containing the state of the Pager object passed as an argument. This

** is intended to be used within debuggers. For example, as an alternative

** to "print *pPager" in gdb:

**

** (gdb) printf "%s", print_pager_state(pPager)

*/

static char *print_pager_state(Pager *p){

static char zRet[1024];

sqlite3_snprintf(1024, zRet,

"Filename: %s\n"

"State: %s errCode=%d\n"

"Lock: %s\n"

"Locking mode: locking_mode=%s\n"

"Journal mode: journal_mode=%s\n"

"Backing store: tempFile=%d memDb=%d useJournal=%d\n"

"Journal: journalOff=%lld journalHdr=%lld\n"

"Size: dbsize=%d dbOrigSize=%d dbFileSize=%d\n"

, p->zFilename

, p->eState==PAGER_OPEN ? "OPEN" :