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‎basics/getting-started.md‎

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There we go, it echoes them back.
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In some countries, decimal numbers are written with a comma, like `3,14`
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instead of `3.14`. Maybe Python knows that?
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In some countries, decimal numbers are written like `3,14` instead of
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`3.14`. Maybe Python knows that?
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```python
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>>> 3,14
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So from now on, let's use a dot with decimal numbers, because `3.14`
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worked just fine. Later we'll learn what `(3, 14)` is.
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Python also supports simple math:
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```python
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>>> 3 + 2
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5
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>>> 3 - 2
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1
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>>> 3 * 2
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6
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>>> 3 / 2
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1.5
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>>>
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```
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## Comments
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**Comments are text that does nothing.** They can be created by typing a
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`#` and then some text after it, and they are useful when our code would
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be hard to understand without them.
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**Comments are text that does nothing.** Everything after a `#` is ignored.
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Like this:
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```python
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>>> 1 + 2 # can you guess what the result is?
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3
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>>>
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```
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Again, I put a space after the `#` and multiple spaces before it just to
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make things easier to read.
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Comments are useful for explaining something to people reading the code.
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If we write a comment on a line with no code on it, the prompt changes
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from `>>>` to `...`. To be honest, I have no idea why it does that and I
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think it would be better if it would just stay as `>>>`. The prompt goes
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back to `>>>` when we press Enter again.
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The interactive prompt does this if you enter a comment on a line with
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nothing else on it:
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```python
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>>> # hello there
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...
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>>>
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```
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I have no idea why this happens and I think it would be better if the
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prompt would just stay as `>>>`. Press Enter twice to get the prompt
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back to `>>>`.
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## Strings
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Strings are small pieces of text that we can use in our programs. We can
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create strings by simply writing some text in quotes.
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create strings like this:
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```python
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>>> 'hello'
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'hello'
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>>> 'this is a test'
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'this is a test'
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>>>
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```
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Strings can also be written with "double quotes" instead of 'single
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quotes'. This is useful when we need to put quotes inside the string.
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```python
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>>> "hello there"
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'hello there'
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>>> "it's sunny"
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"it's sunny"
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>>>
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>>> 'string with a # in it'
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'string with a # in it'
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>>> 'test'
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'test'
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>>> "test"
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'test'
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```
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It's also possible to add single quotes and double quotes into the same
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string, but most of the time we don't need to do that so I'm not going
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to talk about it now.
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It doesn't matter which quotes you use when the string doesn't need to
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contain any quotes. If you think that one of the quote types looks nicer
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than the other or you find it faster to type, go ahead and use that.
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It doesn't matter if you use 'single quotes' or "double quotes". Python
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prefers single quotes when displaying strings to us, but it understands
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both quote styles. Double quotes are useful for strings that contain
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single quotes, like `"it's weird"`.
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Strings can be joined together easily with `+` or repeated with `*`:
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You can also do this:
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```python
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>>> "hello" + "world"
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>>>
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```
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Note that a `#` inside a string doesn't create a comment.
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```python
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>>> "strings can contain # characters"
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'strings can contain # characters'
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>>>
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```
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## Using Python as a calculator
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```diff
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---------- WARNING: This part contains boring math. Proceed with caution. ----------
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```
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Let's type some math stuff into Python and see what it does.
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```python
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>>> 17 + 3
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20
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>>> 17 - 3
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14
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>>> 17 * 3
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51
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>>> 17 / 3
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5.666666666666667
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>>>
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```
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It's working, Python just calculates the result and echoes it back.
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I added a space on both sides of `+`, `-`, `*` and `/`. Everything would
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work without those spaces too:
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```python
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>>> 4 + 2 + 1
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7
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>>> 4+2+1
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7
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>>>
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```
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However, I recommend always adding the spaces because they make the code
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easier to read.
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Things are calculated in the same order as in math. The parentheses `(`
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and `)` also work the same way.
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```python
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>>> 1 + 2 * 3 # 2 * 3 is calculated first
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7
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>>> (1 + 2) * 3 # 1 + 2 is calculated first
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9
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>>>
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```
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You can also leave out spaces to show what's calculated first. Python
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ignores it, but our code will be easier to read for people.
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```python
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>>> 1 + 2*3 # now it looks like 2*3 is calculated first
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7
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>>>
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```
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Python also supports many other kinds of calculations, but most of the
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time you don't need them. Actually you don't need even these
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calculations most of the time, but these calculations are probably
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enough when you need to calculate something.
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## Summary
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[comment]: # (the first line in this summary is exactly same as in)

‎basics/installing-python.md‎

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## Running Python
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Next we'll learn to run Python on a PowerShell or terminal. There are
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several other ways to run Python, but if you learn this way now it's
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going to make things easier later.
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Next we'll learn to use the Python we just installed.
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### Windows
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Your terminal probably looks different than mine, it's OK.
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Now you can type `exit()` and press Enter to get out of Python. Or you
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can just close the PowerShell or Terminal window.
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Go ahead and write `print("Hello World!")` after the `>>>`, and then
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press Enter, and Python will respond with a classic greeting :)
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When you're done type `exit()` and press Enter to get out of Python, and
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then close the terminal or PowerShell window.
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## The Editor
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Python starts into a handy `>>>` prompt by default, and it's awesome for
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trying out how things work. But programmers spend most of their time
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writing **programs** into files instead of just writing little pieces of
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code on a prompt.
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An **editor** lets you save code to files. There are many editors, and
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the choice of editor is a very personal thing. Each programmer has their
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own favorite editor that they tend to recommend to everyone. If you
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already know which editor you want to use, just [set it up](editor-setup.md)
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and [skip the rest of this chapter](#summary). Otherwise keep reading.
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Your computer probably came with an editor, but it probably lacks lots
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of important features because it isn't meant to be used for programming
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and you need a better editor. For example, Windows comes with Notepad
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but it's lacking many important features that make writing Python code
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easier. Python also comes with its own editor called IDLE, but it also
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lacks a few features (even though it's better than Notepad).
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I recommend [Porcupine](https://github.com/Akuli/porcupine/blob/master/README.md)
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because I made it and it's easy to use. **[Click here to install
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it.](https://github.com/Akuli/porcupine/wiki/Installing-and-Running-Porcupine)**
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## Using the Editor
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*__Note:__ This section assumes that you use Porcupine. You may need to
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do something differently if you use another editor.*
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Open your editor and press *Ctrl+N* create a new file in it. Then save
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it with *Ctrl+S* and choose whatever folder you want. The file name can
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be anything you want, but **it must end with `.py`**. For example,
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`wat.py` is OK but `lolz` is not. This way your editor knows that you
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want to create a python file.
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Now type this code into the editor:
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```python
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print("Hello World")
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print("Testing... 1 2 3")
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print("Goodbye")
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```
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You should see something like this:
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![First program!](images/first-program.png)
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Press *Ctrl+S* again to save the file (this time the editor remembers
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where it is and you don't need to choose a location and filename again).
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Then press *F5* to run the code. As you can see, it simply runs line by
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line, top to bottom.
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## Summary
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Now you should have Python installed, and you should be able run it.
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- Now you should have Python installed, and you should be able run its
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`>>>` prompt.
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- You should also have an editor that lets you write code to files and
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run the code.
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***
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