The Python standard library¶
This library reference manual describes the standard library distributed with Python. It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distributions.
Elsewhere, La référence du langage Python describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language, and Python built-ins reference describes the built-in functions.
Python's standard library is extensive, offering a wide range of facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be inaccessible to Python programmers, as well as modules written in Python that provide standardized solutions for many problems that occur in everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.
Les installateurs de Python pour Windows incluent généralement la bibliothèque standard en entier, et y ajoutent souvent d'autres composants. Pour les systèmes d'exploitation Unix, Python est typiquement fourni sous forme d'une collection de paquets, il peut donc être nécessaire d'utiliser le gestionnaire de paquets fourni par le système d'exploitation pour obtenir certains composants optionnels.
Au delà de la bibliothèque standard, il existe une collection grandissante de plusieurs centaine de milliers de composants (des programmes, des modules, ou des frameworks), disponibles dans le Python Package Index.
- Introduction
- Services de Manipulation de Texte
string--- Common string operationsstring.templatelib--- Support for template string literalsre--- Regular expression operationsdifflib--- Helpers for computing deltastextwrap--- Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata--- Unicode Databasestringprep--- Internet String Preparationreadline--- GNU readline interfacerlcompleter--- Completion function for GNU readline
- Services autour des Données Binaires
- Types de données
datetime— Types de base pour la date et l'heurezoneinfo--- IANA time zone supportcalendar--- General calendar-related functionscollections--- Container datatypescollections.abc--- Abstract Base Classes for Containersheapq--- Heap queue algorithmbisect--- Array bisection algorithmarray--- Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref--- Weak referencestypes--- Dynamic type creation and names for built-in typescopy--- Shallow and deep copy operationspprint— L’affichage élégant de donnéesreprlib--- Alternaterepr()implementationenum--- Support for enumerationsgraphlib--- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
- Modules numériques et mathématiques
numbers--- Numeric abstract base classesmath--- Mathematical functionscmath--- Mathematical functions for complex numbersdecimal--- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmeticfractions--- Rational numbersrandom— Génère des nombres pseudo-aléatoiresstatistics--- Mathematical statistics functions
- Modules de programmation fonctionnelle
- Accès aux Fichiers et aux Dossiers
pathlib— Chemins de système de fichiers orientés objetos.path--- Common pathname manipulationsstat--- Interpretingstat()resultsfilecmp--- File and Directory Comparisonstempfile--- Generate temporary files and directoriesglob--- Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch--- Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache--- Random access to text linesshutil--- High-level file operations
- Persistance des données
- Compression de donnée et archivage
- The
compressionpackage compression.zstd--- Compression compatible with the Zstandard formatzlib--- Compression compatible with gzipgzip--- Support for gzip filesbz2--- Support for bzip2 compressionlzma--- Compression using the LZMA algorithmzipfile--- Work with ZIP archivestarfile--- Read and write tar archive files
- The
- Formats de fichiers
- Service de cryptographie
- Services génériques du système d'exploitation
os--- Miscellaneous operating system interfacesio--- Core tools for working with streamstime--- Time access and conversionslogging--- Logging facility for Pythonlogging.config--- Logging configurationlogging.handlers--- Logging handlersplatform--- Access to underlying platform's identifying dataerrno--- Standard errno system symbolsctypes--- A foreign function library for Python
- Command-line interface libraries
argparse--- Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommandsoptparse--- Parser for command line optionsgetpass--- Portable password inputfileinput--- Iterate over lines from multiple input streamscurses--- Terminal handling for character-cell displayscurses.textpad--- Text input widget for curses programscurses.ascii— Utilitaires pour les caractères ASCIIcurses.panel--- A panel stack extension for cursescmd--- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
- Exécution concourante
threading--- Thread-based parallelismmultiprocessing--- Process-based parallelismmultiprocessing.shared_memory--- Shared memory for direct access across processes- The
concurrentpackage concurrent.futures--- Launching parallel tasksconcurrent.interpreters--- Multiple interpreters in the same processsubprocess--- Subprocess managementsched--- Event schedulerqueue--- A synchronized queue classcontextvars--- Context Variables_thread--- Low-level threading API
- Réseau et communication entre processus
- Traitement des données provenant d'Internet
email--- An email and MIME handling packagejson--- JSON encoder and decodermailbox--- Manipulate mailboxes in various formatsmimetypes--- Map filenames to MIME typesbase64--- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinascii--- Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri--- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
- Outils de traitement de balises structurées
html--- HyperText Markup Language supporthtml.parser--- Simple HTML and XHTML parserhtml.entities--- Definitions of HTML general entities- Modules de traitement XML
xml.etree.ElementTree--- The ElementTree XML APIxml.dom--- The Document Object Model APIxml.dom.minidom--- Minimal DOM implementationxml.dom.pulldom--- Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax--- Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler--- Base classes for SAX handlersxml.sax.saxutils--- SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader— Interface pour les parseurs XMLxml.parsers.expat— Analyse XML rapide utilisant Expat
- Gestion des protocoles internet
webbrowser--- Convenient web-browser controllerwsgiref--- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationurllib--- URL handling modulesurllib.request--- Extensible library for opening URLsurllib.response--- Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse--- Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error--- Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser--- Parser for robots.txthttp--- HTTP moduleshttp.client--- HTTP protocol clientftplib--- FTP protocol clientpoplib--- POP3 protocol clientimaplib--- IMAP4 protocol clientsmtplib--- SMTP protocol clientuuid--- UUID objects according to RFC 9562socketserver--- A framework for network servershttp.server--- HTTP servershttp.cookies--- HTTP state managementhttp.cookiejar--- Cookie handling for HTTP clientsxmlrpc--- XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client— Client XML-RPCxmlrpc.server— Serveurs XML-RPC de baseipaddress--- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
- Services multimédia
- Internationalisation
- Graphical user interfaces with Tk
tkinter--- Python interface to Tcl/Tktkinter.colorchooser--- Color choosing dialogtkinter.font--- Tkinter font wrapper- Tkinter dialogs
tkinter.messagebox--- Tkinter message promptstkinter.scrolledtext--- Scrolled text widgettkinter.dnd--- Drag and drop supporttkinter.ttk--- Tk themed widgets- IDLE --- Python editor and shell
turtle--- Turtle graphics
- Outils de développement
typing--- Support for type hintspydoc--- Documentation generator and online help system- Python Development Mode
doctest— Exemples de tests interactifs en Pythonunittest--- Unit testing frameworkunittest.mock--- mock object libraryunittest.mock--- getting startedtest--- Regression tests package for Pythontest.support--- Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper--- Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper--- Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper--- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper--- Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper--- Utilities for os teststest.support.import_helper--- Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper--- Utilities for warnings tests
- Débogueur et instrumentation
- Paquets et distribution de paquets logiciels
- Environnement d'exécution Python
sys--- System-specific parameters and functionssys.monitoring--- Execution event monitoringsysconfig--- Provide access to Python's configuration informationbuiltins--- Built-in objects__main__--- Top-level code environmentwarnings--- Warning controldataclasses— Classes de donnéescontextlib— Utilitaires pour les contextes s'appuyant sur l'instructionwithabc--- Abstract Base Classesatexit--- Exit handlerstraceback--- Print or retrieve a stack traceback__future__--- Future statement definitionsgc--- Garbage Collector interfaceinspect--- Inspect live objectsannotationlib--- Functionality for introspecting annotationssite--- Site-specific configuration hook
- Interpréteurs Python personnalisés
- Importer des modules
zipimport--- Import modules from Zip archivespkgutil--- Package extension utilitymodulefinder--- Find modules used by a scriptrunpy--- Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib--- The implementation ofimportimportlib.resources-- Package resource reading, opening and accessimportlib.resources.abc-- Abstract base classes for resourcesimportlib.metadata-- Accessing package metadata- The initialization of the
sys.pathmodule search path
- Services du Langage Python
ast--- Abstract syntax treessymtable--- Access to the compiler's symbol tablestoken--- Constants used with Python parse treeskeyword--- Testing for Python keywordstokenize--- Tokenizer for Python sourcetabnanny--- Detection of ambiguous indentationpyclbr--- Python module browser supportpy_compile--- Compile Python source filescompileall--- Byte-compile Python librariesdis--- Disassembler for Python bytecodepickletools--- Tools for pickle developers
- Services spécifiques à MS Windows
- Unix-specific services
shlex--- Simple lexical analysisposix--- The most common POSIX system callspwd--- The password databasegrp--- The group databasetermios--- POSIX style tty controltty--- Terminal control functionspty--- Pseudo-terminal utilitiesfcntl--- Thefcntlandioctlsystem callsresource--- Resource usage informationsyslog--- Unix syslog library routines
- Modules command-line interface (CLI)
- Modules remplacés
- Removed Modules
- Considérations de sécurité