Deep Learning: Recurrent Neural Networks in Python

GRU, LSTM, + more modern deep learning, machine learning, and data science for sequences

Generative AI
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  • All levels
  • 122 Lectures
  • 19h 11m
  • English
  • Lifetime access, certificate of completion (shareable on LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter), Q&A forum, subtitles in English
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Course Description

Like the course I just released on Hidden Markov Models, Recurrent Neural Networks are all about learning sequences - but whereas Markov Models are limited by the Markov assumption, Recurrent Neural Networks are not - and as a result, they are more expressive, and more powerful than anything we’ve seen on tasks that we haven’t made progress on in decades.

So what’s going to be in this course and how will it build on the previous neural network courses and Hidden Markov Models?

In the first section of the course we are going to add the concept of time to our neural networks.

I’ll introduce you to the Simple Recurrent Unit, also known as the Elman unit.

We are going to revisit the XOR problem, but we’re going to extend it so that it becomes the parity problem - you’ll see that regular feedforward neural networks will have trouble solving this problem but recurrent networks will work because the key is to treat the input as a sequence.

In the next section of the course, we are going to revisit one of the most popular applications of recurrent neural networks - language modeling.

You saw when we studied Markov Models that we could do things like generate poetry and it didn’t look too bad. We could even discriminate between 2 different poets just from the sequence of parts-of-speech tags they used.

In this course, we are going to extend our language model so that it no longer makes the Markov assumption.

Another popular application of neural networks for language is word vectors or word embeddings. The most common technique for this is called Word2Vec, but I’ll show you how recurrent neural networks can also be used for creating word vectors.

In the section after, we’ll look at the very popular LSTM, or long short-term memory unit, and the more modern and efficient GRU, or gated recurrent unit, which has been proven to yield comparable performance.

We’ll apply these to some more practical problems, such as learning a language model from Wikipedia data and visualizing the word embeddings we get as a result.

All of the materials required for this course can be downloaded and installed for FREE. We will do most of our work in Numpy, Matplotlib, and Theano. I am always available to answer your questions and help you along your data science journey.

This course focuses on "how to build and understand", not just "how to use". Anyone can learn to use an API in 15 minutes after reading some documentation. It's not about "remembering facts", it's about "seeing for yourself" via experimentation. It will teach you how to visualize what's happening in the model internally. If you want more than just a superficial look at machine learning models, this course is for you.

See you in class!



Suggested Prerequisites:

  • calculus
  • linear algebra
  • probability (conditional and joint distributions)
  • Python coding: if/else, loops, lists, dicts, sets
  • Numpy coding: matrix and vector operations, loading a CSV file
  • neural networks and backpropagation
  • the XOR problem
  • Can write a feedforward neural network in Theano and TensorFlow


Tips for success:

  • Use the video speed changer! Personally, I like to watch at 2x.
  • Take handwritten notes. This will drastically increase your ability to retain the information.
  • Write down the equations. If you don't, I guarantee it will just look like gibberish.
  • Ask lots of questions on the discussion board. The more the better!
  • Don't get discouraged if you can't solve every exercise right away. Sometimes it'll take hours, days, or maybe weeks!
  • Write code yourself, this is an applied course! Don't be a "couch potato".

Lectures

  • 22 sections
  • 122 lectures
  • 19h 11m total length
Introduction and Outline
Preview
03:19
Where to get the code
02:06
How to Succeed in this Course
03:04
Intro to Google Colab, how to use a GPU or TPU for free
12:32
Uploading your own data to Google Colab
11:41
Where can I learn about Numpy, Scipy, Matplotlib, Pandas, and Scikit-Learn?
08:54
Temporary 403 Errors
02:58
Review Section Introduction
02:37
What is Machine Learning?
14:26
Code Preparation (Classification Theory)
15:59
Classification Notebook
08:40
Exercise: Predicting Diabetes Onset
02:34
Code Preparation (Regression Theory)
07:18
Regression Notebook
10:34
Exercise: Real Estate Predictions
02:33
The Neuron
09:58
How does a model 'learn'?
10:53
Making Predictions
06:45
Saving and Loading a Model
04:27
Suggestion Box
03:10
Artificial Neural Networks Section Introduction
06:00
Forward Propagation
09:40
The Geometrical Picture
09:43
Activation Functions
17:18
Multiclass Classification
08:41
How to Represent Images
12:36
Color Mixing Clarification
55:00
Code Preparation (ANN)
12:42
ANN for Image Classification
08:36
ANN for Regression
11:05
Exercise: E. Coli Protein Localization Sites
02:21
Why use tf.data?
03:59
Sample Code for tf.data
21:00
Sequence Data
18:27
Forecasting
10:35
Autoregressive Linear Model for Time Series Prediction
12:01
Proof that the Linear Model Works
04:12
Recurrent Neural Networks
21:34
Clarification on Comparison Between ANNs & RNNs
05:04
RNN Code Preparation
05:50
RNN for Time Series Prediction
11:11
Paying Attention to Shapes
08:27
GRU and LSTM (pt 1)
17:35
GRU and LSTM (pt 2)
11:36
A More Challenging Sequence
09:19
Demo of the Long Distance Problem
19:26
RNN for Image Classification (Theory)
04:41
RNN for Image Classification (Code)
04:00
Stock Return Predictions using LSTMs (pt 1)
12:03
Stock Return Predictions using LSTMs (pt 2)
05:45
Stock Return Predictions using LSTMs (pt 3)
11:59
Other Ways to Forecast
05:14
Exercise: More Forecasting
01:52
Embeddings
13:12
Code Preparation (NLP)
14:16
Text Preprocessing (Legacy)
05:30
Text Preprocessing
19:03
Text Classification with LSTMs (Legacy)
08:19
Text Classification with LSTMs
26:33
Exercise: Sentiment Analysis
02:01
Genomics Concepts, Data Description, Task Description
11:13
Genomics with LSTMs in Python
16:26
Mean Squared Error
09:11
Binary Cross Entropy
05:58
Categorical Cross Entropy
08:06
Gradient Descent
07:52
Stochastic Gradient Descent
04:36
Momentum
06:11
Variable and Adaptive Learning Rates
11:46
Adam Optimization (pt 1)
13:15
Adam Optimization (pt 2)
11:14
Outline of this Course
02:56
Review of Important Deep Learning Concepts
03:31
Where to get the Code and Data
01:50
How to Succeed in this Course
03:13
Architecture of a Recurrent Unit
04:40
Prediction and Relationship to Markov Models
05:15
Unfolding a Recurrent Network
01:56
Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT)
04:18
The Parity Problem - XOR on Steroids
04:33
The Parity Problem in Code using a Feedforward ANN
15:06
Theano Scan Tutorial
12:41
The Parity Problem in Code using a Recurrent Neural Network
15:15
On Adding Complexity
01:17
Word Embeddings and Recurrent Neural Networks
05:02
Word Analogies with Word Embeddings
02:26
Representing a sequence of words as a sequence of word embeddings
03:15
Generating Poetry
04:24
Generating Poetry in Code (part 1)
19:24
Generating Poetry in Code (part 2)
04:35
Classifying Poetry
03:40
Classifying Poetry in Code
16:43
Rated RNN Unit
03:25
RRNN in Code - Revisiting Poetry Generation
08:50
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
05:18
GRU in Code
06:29
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
04:31
LSTM in Code
08:15
Learning from Wikipedia Data
06:58
Alternative to Wikipedia Data: Brown Corpus
06:04
Learning from Wikipedia Data in Code (part 1)
17:57
Learning from Wikipedia Data in Code (part 2)
08:38
Visualizing the Word Embeddings
11:07
Batch Training for Simple RNN
10:26
Simple RNN in TensorFlow
07:39
How to install wp2txt or WikiExtractor.py
02:22
What is the Appendix?
03:47
Pre-Installation Check
04:13
Anaconda Environment Setup
20:21
How to install Numpy, Scipy, Matplotlib, Pandas, PyTorch, and TensorFlow
17:33
How to Code Yourself (part 1)
15:55
How to Code Yourself (part 2)
09:24
Proof that using Jupyter Notebook is the same as not using it
12:29
Python 2 vs Python 3
04:38
Is Theano Dead?
10:04
How to use Github & Extra Coding Tips (Optional)
11:12
Beginner's Coding Tips
13:22
How to Succeed in this Course (Long Version)
10:25
Is this for Beginners or Experts? Academic or Practical? Fast or slow-paced?
22:05
What order should I take your courses in? (part 1)
11:19
What order should I take your courses in? (part 2)
16:07
Where to get discount coupons and FREE AI tutorials
05:49

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Testimonials and Success Stories

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H. Z.

Machine Learning Research Scientist
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United States

“I am one of your students. Yesterday, I presented my paper at ICCV 2019. You have a significant part in this, so I want to sincerely thank you for your in-depth guidance to the puzzle of deep learning. Please keep making awesome courses that teach us!”

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Wade J.

Data Scientist
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“I just watched your short video on “Predicting Stock Prices with LSTMs: One Mistake Everyone Makes.” Giggled with delight.

You probably already know this, but some of us really and truly appreciate you. BTW, I spent a reasonable amount of time making a learning roadmap based on your courses and have started the journey.

Looking forward to your new stuff.”

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Kris M.

Data Scientist
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“Thank you for doing this! I wish everyone who call’s themselves a Data Scientist would take the time to do this either as a refresher or learn the material. I have had to work with so many people in prior roles that wanted to jump right into machine learning on my teams and didn’t even understand the first thing about the basics you have in here!!

I am signing up so that I have the easy refresh when needed and the see what you consider important, as well as to support your great work, thank you.”

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Steve M.

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“I have been intending to send you an email expressing my gratitude for the work that you have done to create all of these data science courses in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. I have been looking long and hard for courses that have mathematical rigor relative to the application of the ML & AI algorithms as opposed to just exhibit some 'canned routine' and then viola here is your neural network or logistical regression.

Your courses are just what I have been seeking. I am a retired mathematician, statistician and Supply Chain executive from a large Fortune 500 company in Ohio. I also taught mathematics, statistics and operations research courses at a couple of universities in Northern Ohio.

I have taken many courses and have enjoyed the journey, I am not going to be critical of any of the organizations from whom I have taken courses. However, when I read a review about one of your courses in which the student was complaining that one would need a PhD in Mathematics to understand it, I knew this was the course (or series of courses) that I wanted. (Having advanced degrees in mathematics, I knew that it was highly unlikely that a PhD would actually be required.)”

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Saurabh W.

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“Hi Sir I am a student from India. I've been wanting to write a note to thank you for the courses that you've made because they have changed my career. I wanted to work in the field of data science but I was not having proper guidance but then I stumbled upon your "Logistic Regression" course in March and since then, there's been no looking back. I learned ANNs, CNNs, RNNs, Tensorflow, NLP and whatnot by going through your lectures. The knowledge that I gained enabled me to get a job as a Business Technology Analyst at one of my dream firms even in the midst of this pandemic. For that, I shall always be grateful to you. Please keep making more courses with the level of detail that you do in low-level libraries like Theano.”

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David P.

Financial Analyst
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“I just wanted to reach out and thank you for your most excellent course that I am nearing finishing.

And, I couldn't agree more with some of your "rants", and found myself nodding vigorously!

You are an excellent teacher, and a rare breed.

And, your courses are frankly, more digestible and teach a student far more than some of the top-tier courses from ivy leagues I have taken in the past.

(I plan to go through many more courses, one by one!)

I know you must be deluged with complaints in spite of the best content around That's just human nature.

Also, satisfied people rarely take the time to write, so I thought I will write in for a change. :)”

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P. C.

Deep Learning Research Scientist
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“Hello, Lazy Programmer!

In the process of completing my Master’s at Hunan University, China, I am writing this feedback to you in order to express my deep gratitude for all the knowledge and skills I have obtained studying your courses and following your recommendations.

The first course of yours I took was on Convolutional Neural Networks (“Deep Learning p.5”, as far as I remember). Answering one of my questions on the Q&A board, you suggested I should start from the beginning – the Linear and Logistic Regression courses. Despite that I assumed I had already known many basic things at that time, I overcame my “pride” and decided to start my journey in Deep Learning from scratch.

Course by course, I was renewing the basics and the prerequisites. Thus, in several months, after every day studying under your guidance, I was able to gain enough intuitions and practical skills in order to begin progressing in my research. Having a solid background, it was just a pleasure to read all the relevant papers in the field as well as to make all the experiments needed for achieving my goal – creating a high-performance CNN for offline HCCR.

I believe, the professionalism of any teacher can be estimated by the feedback received from their students, and it’s of the utmost importance for me to thank you, Lazy Programmer!

I want you to know, in spite, that we have never actually met and you haven’t taught me privately, I consider you one of my greatest Teachers.

The most important things I have learned from you (some in the hard way, though) beside many exciting modern Deep Learning/AI techniques and algorithms are:

1) If one doesn’t know how to program something, one doesn’t understand it completely.

2) If one is not honest with oneself about one’s prior knowledge, one will never succeed in studying more advanced things.

3) Developing skills in BOTH Math and Programming is what makes one a good student of this major.

I am still studying your courses, and am certain I will ask you more than just a few technical questions regarding their content, but I already would like to say, that I will remember your contribution to my adventure in the Deep Learning field, and consider it as big as one of such great scientists’ as Andrew Ng, Geoffrey Hinton, and my supervisor.

Thank you, Lazy Programmer! 非常感谢您,Lazy 老师!

If you are interested, you can find my first paper’s preprint here:

https://arxiv.org/abs/xxx”

5.0
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Dima K.

Data Scientist
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Ukraine

“By the way, if you are interested to hear. I used the HMM classification, as it was in your course (95% of the script, I had little adjustments there), for the Customer-Care department in a big known fintech company. to predict who will call them, so they can call him before the rush hours, and improve the service. Instead of a poem, I Had a sequence of the last 24 hours' events that the customer had, like: "Loaded money", "Usage in the food service", "Entering the app", "Trying to change the password", etc... the label was called or didn't call. The outcome was great. They use it for their VIP customers. Our data science department and I got a lot of praise.”

5.0
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Andres Lopez C.

Data Engineer
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United States

“This course is exactly what I was looking for. The instructor does an impressive job making students understand they need to work hard in order to learned. The examples are clear, and the explanations of the theory is very interesting.”

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Mohammed K.

Machine Learning Engineer
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Germany

“Thank you, I think you have opened my eyes. I was using API to implement Deep learning algorithms and each time I felt I was messing out on some things. So thank you very much.”

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Tom P.

Machine Learning Engineer
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“I have now taken a few classes from some well-known AI profs at Stanford (Andrew Ng, Christopher Manning, …) with an overall average mark in the mid-90s. Just so you know, you are as good as any of them. But I hope that you already know that.

I wish you a happy and safe holiday season. I am glad you chose to share your knowledge with the rest of us.”

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